EX-99.1 2 d910277dex991.htm EX-99.1 EX-99.1
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Exhibit 99.1

 

LOGO

BUSINESS REPORT

(From January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014)

THIS IS AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE BUSINESS REPORT ORIGINALLY PREPARED IN THE KOREAN LANGUAGE (IN SUCH FORM AS REQUIRED BY THE KOREAN FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMISSION). THIS ENGLISH TRANSLATION IS NOT OFFICIAL AND IS PROVIDED FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY.

UNLESS EXPRESSLY STATED OTHERWISE, ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS PRESENTED ON BOTH CONSOLIDATED AND NONCONSOLIDATED BASES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE KOREAN-INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (K-IFRS) WHICH DIFFER IN CERTAIN RESPECTS FROM GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES IN CERTAIN OTHER COUNTRIES, INCLUDING THE UNITED STATES. WE HAVE MADE NO ATTEMPT TO IDENTIFY OR QUANTIFY THE IMPACT OF THESE DIFFERENCES.


Table of Contents

BUSINESS REPORT

(From January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014)

 

To: Korean Financial Services Commission and Korea Exchange

 

/s/

Lee, Young-Hoon

Senior Executive Vice President
POSCO
6261 Donghaean-ro (Goedong-dong), Pohang-si, Nam-gu, Gyungsangbuk-do, Korea
Telephone: +82-54-220-0114

 

/s/

Noh, Min-Yong

Senior Vice President

POSCO
6261 Donghaean-ro (Goedong-dong), Pohang-si, Nam-gu, Gyungsangbuk-do, Korea
Telephone: +82-2-3457-0114

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

I. Overview

  4   
II. Business   10   
III. Financial Statements   31   
IV. Corporate Governance and Company Affiliates   35   

 

Attachment: Independent Auditors’ Report
(Non-consolidated and consolidated)

 

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I. OVERVIEW

1. Scope of Business

A. POSCO (the “Company”)

 

Business

  

Note

(1)    Production and sale of crude steel and stainless steel products

   No engagement in this business during the fiscal year of 2014

(2)    Port/harbor loading/unloading, warehousing and packaging

  

(3)    Management of professional athletic organizations

  

(4)    Power generation, renewable energy projects, liquefied natural gas logistics and exploration and other incidental businesses

  

(5)    Real property lease business

  

(6)    Public energy services and distribution system

  

(7)    Marine transportation of mineral resources; domestic and overseas processing and sales of mineral resources

  

(8)    Educational services and other incidental services

  

(9)    Production and sale of non-ferrous metals

  

(10)  Other businesses incidental or related, directly or indirectly, to the foregoing businesses

  

B. POSCO Business Group

 

  (1) Name of the Business Group: POSCO

 

  (2) Companies Belonging to the Business Group

POSCO, POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd., POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd., Daewoo International Corporation, POSCO ICT, POSCO CHEMTECH, POSCO M-TECH, POSCO ENGINEERING CO., Ltd., MegaAsset Co., Ltd., Busan E&E Co., Ltd., Suncheon Eco Trans Co., Ltd., SNNC, eNtoB Corporation, UITrans LRT Co. Ltd., POREKA Co., Ltd., POSMATE, POSCO Humans, POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD., POSCO Research Institute, POSCO A&C, POSCO AST, POSCO LED Co., Ltd., Poscoene, POSCO TMC Co., Ltd., POSCO Processing&Service, POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd., Pohang Scrap Recycling Distribution Center Co., Ltd., POSCO NIPPON STEEL RHF JOINT VENTURE CO., Ltd., Mapo Hibroad Parking co., Ltd., METAPOLIS Co., Ltd., POSCO-TERMINAL Co., Ltd., POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd., POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD., POSFINE Co., Ltd., PSC Energy Global Co., Ltd., PONUTech Co., Ltd., New Altec Co., Ltd., Gale International Korea, LLC, POS-HiAL, Tamra Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd., BLUE O&M Co., Ltd., POSCO Venture Capital Co., Ltd., POSCO ES MATERIALS, Pohang Special Welding Co., Ltd., Steel Processing and Fabricating Center Co., LTD., POSCO MITSUBISHI CARBON TECHNOLOGY, POSCO Green Gas Technology, POSPOWER CO., Ltd.

 

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  (a) Changes in Companies Belonging to the Business Group

 

    Exclusion of a Subsidiary: ANJEONG DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. (January 9, 2014)

 

    Addition of a Subsidiary: POSCO Green Gas Technology (April 1, 2014)

 

    Addition of a Subsidiary: UI Trans Corporation changed the name of the company to UITrans LRT Co. Ltd. (April 2, 2014)

 

    POSTECH VENTURE CAPITAL CORPORATION changed the name of the company to POSCO Venture Capital Co., Ltd. (May 13, 2014)

 

    Addition of a Subsidiary: TONGYANG Power Inc. (October 1, 2014)

 

    TONGYANG Power Inc. changed the name of the company to POSPOWER CO., Ltd. (November 3, 2014)

 

  (b) Changes in Companies Belonging to the Business Group after December 31, 2014

 

    Addition of a Subsidiary: Songdo Posco family Housing. (January 2, 2015)

 

  (3) Related Laws and Regulations

The Korea Fair Trade Commission has designated POSCO as a company subject to the limitations on Cross Shareholding and Debt Guarantee for Affiliates under the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (the “MRFTA”).

LOGO Details

 

  (a) Prohibition on Cross Shareholdings (Article 9-1 of the MRFTA)

 

  (b) Prohibition on Debt Guarantees for Affiliated Corporations (Article 10-2 of the MRFTA)

 

  (c) Prohibition on Shareholding of Venture Capitals for Subsidiaries (Article 9-3 of the MRFTA)

 

  (d) Limitation of Voting Rights of Finance or Insurance Companies (Article 11 of the MRFTA)

 

  (e) Resolution of the Board of Directors and Publication on Large-Scale Intra-Group Transaction (Article11-2 of the MRFTA)

 

  (f) Disclosure of Important Facts such as Unlisted Shares (Article 11-3 of the MRFTA)

 

  (g) Disclosure of a corporate group (Article 11-4 of the MRFTA)

 

  (h) Report on Status of Shareholding (Article 13 of the MRFTA)

 

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2. Business Organization

A. Highlights of the Company’s Business Organization

 

  (1) Location of the Headquarters: 6261 Donghaean-ro (Goedong-dong), Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk -do, Korea

 

  (2) Steel Works and Offices

 

  (a) Pohang Steel Works: 6262 Donghaean-ro (Dongchon-dong), Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk -do, Korea

 

  (b) Gwangyang Steel Works: 20-26 Pokposarang-gil (Kumho-dong), Gwangyang-si, Jeollanam -do, Korea

 

  (c) Principal Executive Office: POSCO Center, 440 Teheran-ro (Daechi-dong), Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea

 

  (d) Overseas Offices: For the purpose of supporting international business transactions, the Company operates six overseas offices as follows:

United Arab Emirates (Dubai), European Union (Dusseldorf, Germany), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar), Australia (Perth), and Argentina.

 

  (3) Major Changes in the Board of Directors (as of March 13, 2015)

 

  (a) Inside Directors

 

    New members: Oh, In-Hwan (2 years)

 

  (b) Outside Directors

 

    New members: Bahk, Byong-Won and Kim, Joo-Hyun (3 years)

 

  (c) Representative Directors

 

    Prior to March 13, 2015: Kwon, Oh-Joon, Kim, Jin-Il and Chang, In-Hwan

 

    As of March 13, 2015: Kwon, Oh-Joon, Kim, Jin-Il and Yoon, Dong-Jun

 

  (4) Changes of the Major Shareholders of POSCO

 

  (a) National Pension Service holds the largest number of shares of POSCO.

 

  (b) Date of Disclosure: January 30, 2007

(For further reference, please refer to the public disclosures regarding the change of the major shareholders on January 30, 2007, July 27, 2007, January 29, 2008, July 25, 2008, January 21, 2009, March 2, 2009, July 22, 2009, October 9, 2009, January 26, 2010, July 20, 2010, January 28, 2011, July 22, 2011, January 31, 2012, August 1, 2012, February 1, 2013, August 1, 2013, January 14, 2014, January 23, 2014, July 29, 2014 and January 23, 2015)

B. Merger, Acquisition and Handover of Businesses

[None]

 

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C. Major Changes in Production Facilities

Refer to the ‘II. Business (5. Production and Facilities)’

3. Equity Capital

A. New Issuance of Registered Common Stock

There was no new issuance of registered common stock in the last five years.

B. Convertible Bonds

[None]

C. Bonds with Warrant

[None]

4. Other Information Regarding Shares

A. Total Number of Shares

 

Authorized Shares

   (As of December 31, 2014)
Outstanding Shares
 

200,000,000

     87,186,835   

 

LOGO The currency of the Republic of Korea is Korean Won (“KRW”).
LOGO Par Value: KRW 5,000 per share

 

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B. Treasury Stock Holding and Cancellation

 

                                      (As of December 31, 2014)  

Method of Purchase

   Type    Beginning      Increased      Decreased      Cancelled      Balance  

Direct

   Registered

Common

     7,403,211         —           209,404         —           7,193,807   

Special Money Trust

        —           —           —           —           —     

Total

        7,403,211         —           209,404         —           7,193,807   

 

* Beginning Balance: as of December 31, 2013
LOGO Board of Directors approved the ‘Disposal of Treasury Stocks as Employee Award’ at the Meeting held on February 7, 2013, where the execution and responsibility of the disposal of the treasury stocks was delegated to the Executive Management Committee. On January 7, 2014, the Executive Management Committee resolved its plan to dispose the treasury stocks and the actual disposal of 139 treasury stocks was completed on January 9, 2014. On April 15, 2014, the Executive Management Committee resolved its plan to dispose the treasury stocks and the actual disposal of 475 treasury stocks was completed on April 16, 2014. On July 15, 2014, the Executive Management Committee resolved its plan to dispose the treasury stocks and the disposal of 30 treasury stocks was completed on July 16, 2014. On October 21, 2014, the Executive Management Committee resolved its plan to dispose the treasury stocks and the actual disposal of 2,317 treasury stocks was completed on October 22, 2014.
  LOGO Board of Directors approved the ‘Sales of treasury stock to ESOP’ at the Meeting held on November 7, 2014, and the actual disposal of 206,443 treasury stocks was completed on December 2, 2014.
  LOGO Changes after December 31, 2014

On January 26, 2015, the Executive Management Committee resolved its plan to dispose the treasury stocks and the actual disposal of 40 treasury stocks was completed on January 27, 2015.

5. Voting Rights

 

Classification of Shares

   Number of
Shares
     (As of December 31, 2014)
Remarks
 

(1) Number of Outstanding Shares

     87,186,835         —     

(2) Shares without Voting Rights *

     7,193,807        

 

* Treasury Stocks

7,193,807 shares

  

  

(3) Shares with Voting Rights

     79,993,028         —     

 

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6. Earnings and Dividend

 

                   (In millions of KRW)  
     2014      2013      2012  

(Consolidated) Net Profit

     626,099         1,376,396         2,462,081   

Earnings per Share (KRW)

     7,432         17,409         31,874   

Cash Dividend Paid

     639,527         633,192         617,956   

(Consolidated) Pay-out Ratio (%)

     102.1         46.0         25.1   

Dividend per Share (KRW)

     8,000         8,000         8,000   

Dividend Yield (%)

     2.90         2.45         2.27   

 

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II. BUSINESS

1. Overview

A. Classification of Business

We classify our business into four segments below:

Steel, Trading, Engineering & Construction, and Others.

B. Segment Results

 

                          (In millions of KRW)  

Category

   2014      2013      2012  
   Sales      Operating
Income (Loss)
     Sales      Operating
Income (Loss)
     Sales      Operating
Income (Loss)
 

Steel

     31.841,748         2,267,825         31,794,574         2,363,377         35,258,970         3,070,168   

Trading

     21,165,806         284,892         18,307,888         81,696         18,945,642         139,000   

Engineering & Construction

     8,119,207         446,214         6,896,838         179,186         4,675,596         9,900   

Others

     3,971,684         214,599         4,865,350         371,875         4,723,943         434,040   

Total

     65,098,445         3,213,530         61,864,650         2,996,134         63,604,151         3,653,108   

2. Current Situation

1) Steel

A. Domestic Market Share

 

 

                          (Millions of Tons, %)  

Category

   2014      2013      2012  
   Production      Market share      Production      Market share      Production      Market share  

Crude Steel Production

     71.5         100         66.1         100         69.3         100   

POSCO

     37.7         52.7         36.4         55.2         38.0         54.6   

Others

     33.8         47.3         29.7         44.8         31.3         45.4   

 

LOGO Source: Korea Iron and Steel Association

B. Characteristics of the Steel Market

The steel industry supplies materials to major industries such as the automobile, shipbuilding and electronic appliance industries.

 

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C. Summary and Prospect of New Businesses

 

  (1) Establishment of Steelworks in India

 

  (a) Company entered into a memorandum of understanding with the Orissa state government for the development of iron ore captive mines and for the development and construction of an integrated steelworks facility with an annual production capacity of 12 million tons. (June, 2005)

 

  (1-1) Development of Iron Ore Captive Mines

 

  (a) POSCO-India filed applications for mining exploration licenses for certain iron ore mines in the region of Khandadhar, Orissa (the “Khandadhar Licenses”). (September, 2005)

 

  (b) Orissa State Government recommended the approval of the Khandadhar Licenses on behalf of POSCO-India to the Indian central government. (December, 2006)

 

  (c) Indian central government denied the approval for the Khandadhar Licenses and remanded the matter to the Orissa State Government for further consideration. (July, 2007)

 

  (d) Orissa State Government resubmitted its recommendation for the approval of the Khandadhar Licenses on behalf of POSCO-India to the Indian central government. (January, 2009)

 

  (e) Orissa High Court set aside the Orissa State Government’s recommendation to grant the approval of the Khandadhar Licenses to POSCO-India. (July, 2010)

 

  (f) Orissa State Government filed a special leave petition with the Indian Supreme Court. (November, 2010)

 

  (g) Orissa State Government and POSCO-India completed the submission of the counter affidavit and the rejoinder. (October, 2011)

 

  (h) Indian Supreme Court resumed the trial on the merit of the case. (May, 2012)

 

  (i) Indian Supreme Court decided on the merit of the case. (March, 2013)

 

  (j) Indian Supreme Court ordered to nullify judgment of the Orissa High Court regarding the right to explore the iron ore mines in the region of Kandahar; and the Indian central government reinitiated the approval procedures for right to explore Kandahar. (May, 2013)

 

  (1-2) Establishment of Steelworks

 

  (a) Indian central government granted the approval for the environmental impact assessment for the construction of a captive port. (May, 2007)

 

  (b) Indian central government granted the approval for the environmental impact assessment for the construction of steel mills. (July, 2007)

 

  (c) Indian Supreme Court granted the transformation of the forest land with respect to 2,959 acres of the steel mill construction site. (August, 2008)

 

  (d) Indian central government granted the final approval for the deforestation of steel mill construction sites. (December, 2009)

 

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  (e) Final plans for the rehabilitation and resettlement of indigenous population were approved by the Rehabilitation and Peripheral Development Advisory Committee (constituted by the Orissa state government). (July, 2010)

 

  (f) Forest Advisory Committee acting under the Ministry of Environment and Forest temporarily suspended activities at the construction site pending investigation into alleged violation of the Forest Regulation Act. (August, 2010)

 

  (g) Ministry of Environment and Forest of the Indian central government granted a conditional approval on the construction of the steel mills and the port. (January, 2011)

 

  (h) Ministry of Environment and Forest of the Indian central government granted the final approval on the construction of the steel mills and the port. (May, 2011)

 

  (i) Company cleared the crop fields designated for the construction of its steel mill site within the state owned property. (May, 2011).

 

  (j) An environmental organization filed a lawsuit to nullify the approval for the environmental impact assessment in the National Green Tribunal. (August, 2011)

 

  (k) National Green Tribunal dismissed the lawsuit of nullifying the approval for the environmental impact assessment and ruled that the Ministry of Environment and Forest should reassess the conditions on which clearance was permitted for the project. (March, 2012)

 

  (l) Procurement of the possessory right over 1,704 acres of the steel mill construction site. (March, 2013)

 

  (m) Ministry of Environment and Forest of the Indian central government approved to gain environmental license for building the steel mill (January, 2014)

 

  (2) Establishment of the Steelworks in Brazil

 

  (a) Board of Directors resolved to invest a 20% interest in CSP Joint Venture established by POSCO, VALE S.A. and DONGKUK STEEL MILL CO., LTD. (May, 2011)

 

  (b) CSP Joint Venture entered into an Engineering Procurement Construction contract with POSCO E&C. (December, 2011)

 

  (c) Construction of a steelwork with an annual capacity of 3 million tons initiated. (September, 2012)

 

  (d) Build 4 pillars sustaining the furnace (March, 2014)

 

  (3) Establishment of POSCO-Maharashtra Pvt., Ltd.—Cold Rolling Mill in India

 

  (a) Board of Directors resolved to construct a cold rolled line in Maharashtra, India. (November, 2010)

 

  (b) Construction of a cold rolled line with an annual capacity of 1.8 million tons commenced. (November, 2011)

 

  (c) Commencement of a test-run of the cold rolling (December, 2013)

 

  (d) Completion of POSCO-Maharashtra Pvt., Ltd Cold Rolling Mill (June, 2014)

 

  (4) Establishment of a Continuous Galvanizing Line in Thailand

 

  (a) Approval of the Board of Directors (November, 2013)

 

  (b) Contract of the Site Sales (March, 2014)

 

  (c) Acquisition of the Land Use Rights (June, 2014)

 

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  (d) Construction of a steelwork with an annual capacity of 0.45 million tons commenced (September, 2014)

 

  (5) Establishment of no.7 Continuous Galvanizing Line at Gwangyang Works

 

  (a) Board of Directors resolved to construct a Continuous Galvanizing Line at Gwangyang Works (December, 2014)

2) Trading

A. Market Share

 

                   (Millions of Dollars, %)  

Category

   2014      2013      Growth rate  

Domestic Total

     572,665         559,632         2.3   

Daewoo International

     7,699         7,603         1.3   

 

LOGO Source: Korea International Trade Association

B. Summary and Prospect of New Businesses

Daewoo International Corporation (“Daewoo International”) is playing a leading role in Korean export industry as the number one trading company based on its wide range of trading network worldwide including about 100 overseas trading subsidiaries, overseas branches and representative offices through intermediary trading and exporting various products including steel, non-ferrous metals, and chemical products. Moreover, Daewoo International is making tangible progress in resource development through Myanmar gas field. Daewoo International has newly entered into the food and forestry development business to secure the future food resources and green energy resources. Daewoo International will aggressively drive this successful momentum of active investment and trading by establishing plantations for agro-resources such as rice, soybean, wheat and corn as well as oil palm and afforestation businesses.

3) Engineering & Construction

A. Summary and Prospect of New Businesses

POSCO Engineering & Construction Co. Ltd. (“POSCO Engineering & Construction”), established in February 1982, is currently expanding its business areas to civil engineering, architectural works, energy, urban development and low carbon & green growth businesses. In reference to the number of the overseas contracts signed by POSCO Engineering & Construction in 2011, the business performance of the POSCO Engineering & Construction in the global market has been satisfactory.

 

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POSCO ENGINEERING COMPANY CO., LTD. succeeded in the development of a management system for the global market and the Engineering, Procurement & Construction (“EPC”) business. POSCO ENGINEERING COMPANY CO., LTD. planed out its global sales strategy and stabilized its global network through its local agencies and localization strategies. Recently, POSCO ENGINEERING COMPANY CO., LTD. expanded its business markets to the countries located in Central and South America, Africa and Europe.

4) Others

A. POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. (“POSCO ENERGY”) started its commercial operation in February, 1972 as the only privately-owned power plant in Korea. Since the early 90’s, POSCO ENERGY continuously remodeled and built additional power plants meeting the increased demand of electricity in Korea.

B. POSCO ICT

POSCO ICT has an expertise in IT and engineering, which was made in an effort to lead the trend of green growth and convergence. Based on its key technologies, POSCO ICT has been putting efforts to enhance competitiveness of the industries for 30 years, in areas such as steel, railroad/transportation, environment/energy.

POSCO ICT has selected Smart Grid energy efficiency business as the strategic business and focused to nurture it. Also the firm is pushing business to overseas, providing total solution to overseas steel mills and exporting railroad solution system. Based on its overseas network located in China India Vietnam, Indonesia, and Brazil, POSCO ICT will speed up the penetration to the local market and increase overseas order volume by expanding businesses.

C. POSCO CHEMTECH

POSCO CHEMTECH, founded in 1963, specializes in manufacturing of refractories, lime used in steel manufacturing processes as well as a wide range of chemical and environmentally friendly products. POSCO CHEMTECH provides refractories to a wide range of industries including steel, cement, and glass companies. To become a global company, POSCO CHEMTECH is currently expanding its markets to Japan, China and Indonesia. Now, POSCO CHEMTECH is preparing for the leap towards the future industries of the comprehensive chemical and carbon material

 

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3. Key Products

A. Current Situation of Key Products

 

Business              (In hundred millions of KRW, %)  

Area

  

Item

  

Specific Use

   Total Sales      Ratio  

Steel

   Hot-rolled Product (HR)    Steel Pipe, Shipbuilding, etc.      79,223         16.0   
   Cold-rolled Product (CR)    Automobile, Home Appliances, etc.      146,017         29.4   
   Stainless Steel Products    Western Tableware, etc.      106,880         21.5   
   By-Product    Plates, Wire Rods, etc.      163,849         33.1   
   Gross Sum      495,969         100.0   
   Deduction of Internal Trade      (177,552      —     
   Subtotal      318,417         —     

Trading

   Steel, Metal      178,631         57.2   
   Chemical, Strategic Item, Energy      8,149         2.6   
   Others      125,829         40.2   
   Gross Sum      312,609         100.0
   Deduction of Internal Trade      (100,951      —     
   Subtotal      211,658         —     

Engineering & Construction

   Domestic Construction    Architecture      19,514         18.9   
      Plant      24,785         24.1   
      Civil Engineering      7,378         7.2   
   Overseas Construction      42,980         41.7   
   Owned Construction      6,976         6.8   
   Others      1,404         1.3   
   Gross Sum      103,037         100.0
   Deduction of Internal Trade      (21,845      —     
   Subtotal      81,192         —     

Others

   Electricity Sales, etc      70,664         100.0
   Deduction of Internal Trade      (30,947      —     
   Subtotal      39,717         —     
  

Total

     650,984         —     

 

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B. Price Fluctuation Trend of Key Products

 

                 (In thousands of KRW/Tons, kWh)  

Business Area

  

Products

   2014      2013      2012  

Steel

   Hot-rolled Product (HR)      686         728         828   
   Cold-rolled Product (CR)      822         877         999   

Others

   Electric Power      142         156         161   
   Lime      112         119         105   

 

LOGO Figures for the trading and engineering & construction businesses are not reflected on the table.

[Steel]

 

  (1) Criteria for Calculation

 

  (a) Subjects for Calculation: unit prices of the standard hot-rolled product and cold-rolled product

 

  (b) Calculation Method and Unit: The average price of each product based on its total sales including the freight during the given period.

 

  (2) Factors of Price Fluctuations

Due to the weakened global demand in steel consumption and oversupply from China, domestic and overseas steel price has decreased since the end of 2011.

[Others]

 

  * Criteria for Calculation

 

  (a) Electric Power = price of electric power/total amount of generated power

 

  (b) Lime: Average sales price including shipping cost

 

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4. Major Raw Materials

A. Current Status of Major Raw Materials

 

     (In hundred millions of KRW)

Business

Area

  

Type of

Purchase

  

Item

  

Specific Use

  

Purchase

Amount

(Portion)

  

Remarks

Steel

   Raw Materials   

Materials for

Iron-making,

  

Iron Ore for Blast

Furnaces

   106,017 (41.2 %)    Iron Ore, Coal
      Sub-materials   

Sub-materials for

Iron-making,

Steelmaking

   98,341 (38.2%)   

Iron Material,

Alloy Iron,

Non-ferrous Metal,

Limestone, etc.

      Stainless Steel Materials   

Key Materials for

STS Production

   53.093 (20.6 %)    Nickel, Ferrochrome,
STS Scrap Iron, etc.

Engineering & Construction

   Raw Materials    Ready-mixed Concrete    Construction of Structure    1,343 (14.5%)   
      Steel Pile    Foundation of Structure    78 (0.8 %)   
      Steel Reinforcement    Strengthening Concrete    1,435 (15.5%)   
      Cable    Electricity Transfer    353 (3.8 %)   
      Etc.   

Pipe and Structure for Construction, etc.

—  

   6,042 (65.4 %)   

Others

   Raw Materials    LNG    Material for Power Generation    17,163 (73.6 %)   
      Limestone    Production of Lime    968 (4.1%)   
      Etc.   

Engineering Business etc.

—  

   5,196 (22.3%)   

 

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B. Price Fluctuation Trend of Major Raw Materials

 

                 (In thousands of KRW)  

Business Area

  

Category

   2014      2013      2012  

Steel

   Iron Ore (per ton)      93         148         165   
   Coal (per ton)      132         162         251   
   Scrap Iron (per ton)      382         428         513   
   Nickel (per ton)      17,769         16,455         20,211   

Engineering & Construction

  

Ready-mixed Concrete

(per m3)

     59         57         57   
  

Steel Pile

(per m)

     67         70         78   
  

Steel Reinforcement

(per kg)

     1.0         1.0         0.8   
  

Cable

(per m)

     1.0         1.0         0.8   

Others

  

LNG

(per ton)

     1,056         979         1,022   
  

Lime

(per ton)

     20         20         20   

[Steel]

 

LOGO Key Factors in Price Fluctuations

 

  (1) Iron Ore

 

                                                      (In US Dollars/Tons)  
     2014 4Q      2014 3Q      2014 2Q      2014 1Q      2013 4Q      2013 3Q      2013 2Q      2013 1Q      2012  

Trend of International Benchmark Price (Free On Board, “FOB”)

     66         82         94         111         123         123         118         141         122   

 

  (2) Coal

 

                                                      (In US Dollars/Tons)  
     2014 4Q      2014 3Q      2014 2Q      2014 1Q      20123 4Q      2013 3Q      2013 2Q      2013 1Q      2012  

Trend of International Benchmark Price (FOB)

     117         120         120         143         152         145         172         165         209   

 

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Table of Contents
  (3) Scrap Iron

 

                                                      (In US Dollars/Tons)  
     2014 4Q      2014 3Q      201342Q      2014 1Q      2013 4Q      2013 3Q      2013 2Q      2013 1Q      2012  

Trend of Purchase Price (Cost and Freight, “CFR”)

     331         376         365         379         396         367         379         421         422   

 

  (4) Nickel

 

    2014 4Q   2014 3Q   2014 2Q   2014 1Q   2013 4Q   2013 3Q   2013 2Q   2013 1Q   2012

Trend of London Metal Exchange (“LME”) Cash Price

  USD
7.17/lb

USD
15,799/ton

  USD
8.43/lb

USD
18,576/ton

  USD
8.37/lb

USD
18,463/ton

  USD
6.64/lb

USD
14,645/ton

  USD
6.31/lb

USD
13,904/ton

  USD
6.32/lb

USD
13,922/ton

  USD
6.78/lb

USD
14,952/ton

  USD
7.85/lb

USD
17,309/ton

  USD
7.95/lb

USD
17,536/ton

[Engineering and Construction]

 

(1) Criteria for Calculation

 

Products

 

Criteria for Calculation

Ready-mixed Concrete   Standard 25-210-15
Steel Pile   SPS400 406.4x7.9T
Steel Reinforcement   High Tensile Deformed Bar SD40 D10
Cable   CV 0.6/1kv 2.5mm2 2core

[Others]

 

(1) Criteria for Calculation

 

  (a) Electric Power: purchase price of electricity from Korea Gas Corporation

 

  * Increase in electricity price is due to the increase of raw material cost and foreign exchange rate.

 

  (b) Lime: purchase price of lime and transportation fees

 

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Table of Contents

5. Production and Facilities

A. Production Capacity

[Steel]

 

                 (Thousands of Tons)  

Business Area

   Products    2014      2013      2012  

Steel

   Crude Steel      43,500         40,428         40,447   

[Others]

 

               (MW, Thousands of Tons)  

Business Area

   Products    2014      2013      2012  

Power Generation

   Electric Power    Incheon      2,992         3,052         3,052   
      Gwangyang      284         284         284   
      Pohang      290         145         —     

Lime

   Lime      2,190         2,190         2,190   

B. Production Result and Capacity Utilization Rate

[Steel]

 

  (1) Production

 

                 (Thousands of Tons)  

Products

        2014      2013      2012  

Crude Steel

        41,428         38,261         39,702   

Products

   Hot-Rolled Products      8,124         8,109         8,670   
   Plate      6,433         5,649         6,113   
   Wire Rod      2,750         2,334         2,085   
   Pickled-Oiled Steel Sheets      2,785         2,640         2,615   
   Cold-Rolled Products      8,934         8,404         8,176   
   Coated Steel      6,164         5,762         5,815   
   Electrical Steel      1,253         1,125         1,173   
   Stainless Steel      2,453         2,372         2,396   
   Others      4,005         3,566         3,896   
   Total      42,901         39,961         40,939   

 

LOGO The amount of products is the aggregate of the amount of products of POSCO and its subsidiaries, which may include interested party transactions.

 

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Table of Contents
  (2) Capacity Utilization Rate

 

                 (Thousands of Tons)  
     Company    Capacity      Production      Utilization Rate  

Crude Steel

Production

   POSCO      38,200         37,650         98.6
   POSCO Specialty Steel      1,200         721         60.1
   Zhangjiagang Pohang
Stainless Steel
     1,100         1,154         104.9
   PT.KRAKATAU
POSCO
     3,000         1,903         63.4
   Total      43,500         41,428         95.2

 

LOGO Trade and engineering & construction businesses are not reflected on the table due to difficulties in measuring capacity, production and utilization rate of such businesses.

[Others]

 

(1) Production Result

 

          (Gwh, Thousands of Tons)  
     Products    2014      2013      2012  

Power Generation

   Electric Power      15,442         15,983         15,751   

Lime

   Lime      2,383         2,364         2,454   

 

(2) Capacity Utilization Rate

 

               (hr, Thousands of Tons)  

Business Area

   Products    Capacity      Production      Utilization Rate  

Power Generation

   Electric Power    Inchon      6,788         3,989         58.8
      Gwangyang      8,760         8,204         93.7
      Pohang      7,159         6,258         87.4

Lime

   Lime      2,190         2,383         108.8

 

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Table of Contents

C. Production Facilities

 

[Land]                              (In millions of KRW)  

Business Area

   Beginning Book
Balance
     Increased      Decreased     Depreciation     Ending Book
Balance
 

Steel

     2,149,651         21,341         (151,053     —          2,019,939   

Trade

     67,294         27,674         (33,799     —          61,169   

Engineering & Construction

     52,171         149,490         (9,780     —          191,881   

Others

     438,894         93,567         (4,162     —          528,299   
[Building]                              (In millions of KRW)  

Business Area

   Beginning Book
Balance
     Increased      Decreased     Depreciation     Ending Book
Balance
 

Steel

     4,329,983         688,625         (113,434     (331,974     4,573,200   

Trade

     113,738         102,588         (109,172     (2,452     104,702   

Engineering & Construction

     43,726         119,702         (14,002     (2,148     147,278   

Others

     401,388         163,630         (252     (30,622     534,144   
[Structures]                              (In millions of KRW)  

Business Area

   Beginning Book
Balance
     Increased      Decreased     Depreciation     Ending Book
Balance
 

Steel

     2,552,373         394,943         (49,749     (196,219     2,701,348   

Trade

     8,642         1,469         (4,365     (153     5,593   

Engineering & Construction

     8,361         63,113         (2,007     (1,174     68,293   

Others

     215,211         57,542         (615     (17,209     254,929   
[Machinery and Equipments]                              (In millions of KRW)  

Business Area

   Beginning Book
Balance
     Increased      Decreased     Depreciation     Ending Book
Balance
 

Steel

     17,388,935         3,661,412         (891,418     (1,927,843     18,231,086   

Trade

     360,873         10,447         (20,336     (17,515     333,469   

Engineering & Construction

     19,367         85,049         (42,340     (5,660     56,416   

Others

     1,673,661         1,103,034         (948     (196,833     2,578,914   

 

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Table of Contents
[Vehicles]                              (In millions of KRW)  

Business Area

   Beginning Book
Balance
     Increased      Decreased     Depreciation     Ending Book
Balance
 

Steel

     33,726         15,901         (1,647     (13,446     34,534   

Trade

     3,949         1,267         (339     (1,361     3,516   

Engineering & Construction

     6,973         9,030         (393     (2,607     13,003   

Others

     6,385         3,160         (1,200     (2,703     5,642   
[Tools and Fixtures]                              (In millions of KRW)  

Business Area

   Beginning Book
Balance
     Increased      Decreased     Depreciation     Ending Book
Balance
 

Steel

     44,878         23,014         (898     (23,486     43,508   

Trade

     1,029         1,271         (7     (609     1,684   

Engineering & Construction

     1,229         16,160         (10,931     (699     5,759   

Others

     15,717         6,098         (370     (8,327     13,118   
[Equipment]                              (In millions of KRW)  

Business Area

   Beginning Book
Balance
     Increased      Decreased     Depreciation     Ending Book
Balance
 

Steel

     99,557         53,626         (28,573     (35,075     89,535   

Trade

     14,158         2,604         (1,319     (5,362     10,081   

Engineering & Construction

     14,773         20,515         (15,968     (6,491     12,829   

Others

     44,664         11,321         (756     (23,892     31,337   
[Financial Lease Assets]                              (In millions of KRW)  

Business Area

   Beginning Book
Balance
     Increased      Decreased     Depreciation     Ending Book
Balance
 

Steel

     16,569         339,777         (335,998     (19,452     896   

Trade

     24,623         1,049         (31     (3,171     22,470   

Engineering & Construction

     4,524         2,607         (1,993     (2,943     2,195   

Others

     54,808         3,970         (0     (4,258     54,520   
[Assets under Construction]                              (In millions of KRW)  

Business Area

   Beginning Book
Balance
     Increased      Decreased     Depreciation     Ending Book
Balance
 

Steel

     3,883,578         2,484,223         (5,159,272     —          1,208,529   

Trade

     101,199         80,396         (61,739     —          119,856   

Engineering & Construction

     399,383         54,924         (381,616     —          72,691   

Others

     1,164,129         1,349,595         (1,408,892     —          1,104,832   

 

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Table of Contents
  (2) Major Capital Expenditures

 

  (a) Investments under Construction

 

[Steel]                                

(In hundred

millions of KRW)

 

Company

  

Date

  

Project

   Total
Investment
     Invested
Amount
     Amount to Be
Invested
 

POSCO

   Expansion    December, 2014~June, 2017    G)Installation of no.7 CGL      2,554         —           2,554   
     

July, 2008~

December, 2016

  

P, G) Expansion of the

Capacity of the Raw

Materials Treatment

Facilities, etc.

     27,666         17,529         10,137   
   Renovation / Replacement   

October, 2014 ~

June, 2016

  

G) Renovation of the Fifth

Furnace, etc.

     5,206         326         4,880   
     

August, 2013~

June, 2015

  

P) Renovation of the

Second Furnace, etc.

     4,387         1,086         3,301   

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

   Expansion   

November, 2011~

January, 2015

  

Establishment of a Cold-

Rolling Mill in India

(1.8 million ton)

     7,378         7,378         —     

POSCO SS VINA

   Expansion   

May, 2010 ~

December, 2014

  

Construction of Electric

Arc Furnace and Section

Steel/Rebar Rolling Mill

(1.2 million ton)

     6,391         5,881         510   

 

LOGO P stands for Pohang Steel Works.
LOGO G stands for Gwangyang Steel Works

 

[Others]                    

(In hundred

millions of KRW)

 

Company

  

Date

  

Project

   Total
Investment
     Invested
Amount
     Amount to be
Invested
 

POSCO Energy

   Expansion   

November, 2012~

January, 2015

   Incheon) Establishment of a LNG Combined Cycle Power Plant #7, #8, and #9      10,630         8,728         1,902   
   Expansion   

March, 2013 ~

December, 2014

   Establishment of Cell plant, etc.      1,029         805         224   

POSCO Green Gas Technology

   Expansion   

April, 2014 ~

November 2015

   Establishment of SNG Plant      10,500         8,175         2,325   

 

LOGO The investments over KRW 10 billion are listed on the table while equity investment is not reflected thereon.

 

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Table of Contents
  (b) Future Investment Plans

 

                    (In hundred millions of KRW)  
Business    Company    Project    Planned Investments  
         2015      2016      2017  

Steel

   POSCO   

Expansion, Renovation and

Replacement of Existing

Facilities

   Renovation of
Existing Facilities
     8,766         10,170         14,930   
         Capacity Increase      448         1,956         930   
   POSCO SS
VINA
  

Expansion, Renovation and

Replacement of Existing

Facilities

   Develop new
markets
     510         —           —     
   SPFC   

Expansion, Renovation and

Replacement of Existing

Facilities

   Establishment of
Facilities
     —           120         —     
         Acquisition of Land
and Buildings
     243         —           —     
   POSCO
Thainox
Public
Company
Limited
  

Expansion, Renovation and

Replacement of Existing

Facilities

   Manufacture Process      102         37         26   
              14         187         —     

Others

   DAEWOO
TEXTILE
FERGANA,
LLC
  

Expansion, Renovation and

Replacement of Existing

Facilities

   Improvement of
Productivity and
Product Quality
     46         48         11   
   POSCO
ICT
  

Expansion, Renovation and

Replacement of Existing

Facilities

   Investment      338         86         —     
         Development of
Facilities
     95         146         —     
         Discover new
business
opportunities-
     99         93         —     
   POSMATE   

Expansion, Renovation and

Replacement of Existing

Facilities

   Renovation of
Existing Facilities
     88         71         80   

 

LOGO The investments over KRW 10 billion are listed on the table while equity investment is not reflected thereon.

 

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Table of Contents

6. Product Sales

 

[Steel]    (In hundred millions of KRW)  

Items

   2014     2013     2012  

Domestic

  

Hot-Rolled

Products

     42,090        37,828        61,723   
  

Cold-Rolled

Products

     41,939        60,509        44,404   
   Stainless Steel      27,024        29,042        33,902   
   Others      102,892        103,308        124,741   

Export

  

Hot-Rolled

Products

     37,133        21,971        37,910   
   Cold-Rolled Products      104,078        110,668        98,140   
   Stainless Steel      79,856        71,356        69,138   
   Others      60,957        45,554        58,730   

Total

   Gross Sum      495,969        480,236        528,688   
   Internal Transaction      (177,552     (162,290     (176,098
   Total      318,417        317,946        352,590   

 

[Trading]    (In hundred millions of KRW)  

Items

   2014     2013     2012  

Domestic

  

Merchandise

Product

Others

    

 

 

9,349

—  

111

  

  

  

   
 

 

8,490
—  

116

  
  

  

   
 

 

7,537
854

90

  
  

  

Export

  

Merchandise

Product

Others

    

 

 

88,947

223

596

  

  

  

   

 

 

86,296

127

145

  

  

  

   

 

 

95,062

1,426

255

  

  

  

Trade among Korea, China, Japan

     213,383        164,020        158,911   

Gross Sum

     312,609        259,193        264,135   

Internal Transaction

     (100,951     (76,114     (74,679

Total

     211,658        183,079        189,456   

 

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Table of Contents
[Engineering & Construction]    (In hundred millions of KRW)  

Items

   2014     2013     2012  

Construction

Contract Revenue

   Domestic   

Architecture

Plant

Civil Engineering

Etc.

    
 
 
 
19,514
24,785
7,378
—  
  
  
  
  
   
 
 

 

16,185
41,670
6,969

2

  
  
  

  

   
 
 
 
13,730
28,323
9,120
—  
  
  
  
  
   Overseas      42,980        32,039        35,704   

Own Construction

     6,976        7,060        2,871   

Other Subsidiary company sales

     1,404        3,895        7,511   

Gross Sum

     103,037        107,820        97,259   

Internal Transaction

     (21,845     (38,852     (50,503

Total

     81,192        68,968        46,756   

 

[Others]    (In hundred millions of KRW)  

Items

   2014      2013      2012  

Electric Power

     39,717         48,653         47,240   

7. Derivatives—Currency Forward Contracts

 

  Forward Exchange contract for Indian Rupee, entered in December 2014, in order to hedge the exchange rate conversion risk. The derivative valuation of the gain would have been KRW 708 million.

 

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Table of Contents

8. Significant Contracts

 

Company

  

Contract

  

Date

  

Remarks

POSCO

  

Cooperation

Agreement

with Roy Hill

Co., Ltd.

   January, 2010    The purpose of the Cooperation Agreement was to obtain 15% stake in Roy Hill Holdings Pty. Ltd. which was pursuing the development of Roy Hill iron ore mine in Western Australia.
      January, 2012    POSCO decided to acquire certain additional equity interest in Roy Hill Holdings Pty. Ltd. (2nd phase), which amounts to approximately KRW 1,779 billion.
      March, 2012    POSCO entered into a contract in March 2012 to invest an additional A$ 1,495 million to increase its interest to 15% of the total outstanding and common stocks of Roy Hill Holdings Pty. Ltd.
      April, 2012    POSCO entered into a contract to dispose its 2.5% interest in the total outstanding common stocks of Roy Hill Holdings Pty. Ltd. to China Steel Corporation for A$ 305 million.
   Sales of shares in POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.    March, 2015    POSCO entered into a contract to sell its 52.3% interest in the total outstanding common stocks of POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd. to SeAH Besteel Corp., Shinyoung Securities Co., Ltd., and Shinhan Investment Corp, which amounts to approximately KRW 418.5 billion.
DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION   

Gas Sales and

Purchase

Agreement

(“GSPA”)

Regarding

Shwe, Shwe

Phyu and

Mya gas field

in Myanmar

   December, 2008   

1)      Contract Parties

•       Seller: Daewoo International (51%), ONGC Videsh Limited (17%), Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (15%), GAIL (India) Limited (8.5%) and Korea Gas Corporation (8.5%)

•       Buyer: China National United Oil Company (“CNUOC”)

2)      Signed Date: December 24, 2008

3)      Summary of the GSPA

•       Gas produced from Shwe and Shwe Phyu gas field in Block A-1 and Mya field in Block A-3 in Myanmar will be transported via the offshore and onshore gas pipelines to CNUOC in China.

•       Gas production period is expected to be approximately 30 years.

•       Gas sales price will be fluctuated and recalculated quarterly in accordance with the contractual base price, averaged oil price and consumer price.

4)      Remarks

•       CNUOC is one of subsidiaries of China National Petroleum Corporation (“CNPC”) and CNPC guarantees CNUOC’s contractual obligations under gas sales and purchase agreement.

•       Related Public Announcements: December 2, 2008; December 3, 2008; July 23, 2008; June 4, 2008; December 5, 2007; June 5, 2007; December 7, 2006; June 8, 2006; December 8, 2005; June 9, 2005; December 10, 2004; and June 11, 2004

  

Investment for

Construction of

Facilities

(Offshore Gas

Production

Platform and

Onshore Gas

Pipelines, etc)

   August, 2009   

1)      Total Investment: KRW 2,095,727,800,000

2)      Purpose of Investment: construction of new facilities for gas production, processing and transportation

3)      Total Period of Investment: October 1, 2009 ~ September 30, 2014

4)      Remarks

•       Location: the north-western offshore and onshore in Myanmar

•       Main facilities: offshore platform (gas production capacity: 64,000ft3/day), offshore pipeline (diameter: 32inch, length: 110km), onshore pipeline (diameter: 40 inch, length: 825km)

•       Date of Gas Supply: May 1, 2013; daily gas production rate during the plateau period: 50,000ft3/day

•       The aforementioned investment is for the phase 1 development; the phase 2 ~ 4 developments will commence consequently approximately 10 years after the completion of the phase 1 development.

•       Main business areas: Upstream offshore business (offshore platform, subsea system), Middle stream offshore business (gas pipeline, onshore gas terminal)

•       Participants: Daewoo International (51%), ONGC Videsh Limited (17%), Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (15%), GAIL (India) Limited (8.5%) and Korean Gas Corporation (8.5%)

 

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Table of Contents

Sale of Daewoo

Cement

(Shandong)

Company

Limited

July, 2011

1)      Purpose of the Sale : sale of non-core business, divestiture and collection of long term debt

2)      Other information

•       The sale price of all of the shares of Daewoo Cement (Shandong) Company Limited has not been determined; the separate disclosure regarding the sale price of Daewoo Cement (Shandong) Company Limited will be made when such information is available.

•       The sale price of all of the shares of Daewoo Cement (Shandong) Company Limited is KRW 37,422,000,000 as of December 27, 2000. At the end of March, 2012, the book value of all of the shares of Daewoo Cement (Shandong) Company Limited was KRW 41,600 million under the K-IFRS.

•       The official sale date of all of the shares of Daewoo Cement (Shandong) Company Limited has not been determined; actual sale date of all of the shares of Daewoo Cement (Shandong) Company Limited shall be set when the condition precedents of the share purchase agreement between Daewoo Cement (Shandong) Company Limited and a purchaser are satisfied.

•       Sale agreement can be nullified when condition precedents of the contract (i.e. government approvals, etc) are not satisfied.

Sale of

Kyobo Life

Insurance

Co., Ltd. stake

August, 2012

1)      Purpose of the sale was to strengthen financial structure and secure the core investment plan

2)      Other information

•       The board of Directors resolved to sell the Kyobo Life Insurance Co., Ltd.’s stake, which amounts to KRW 1,205,400 million on August 8, 2012.

Acquisition of NEATT

(North East Asia Trade Tower) in Songdo, Incheon

July 2013

1)      Building

•       Name: NEATT (North East Asia Trade Tower)

•       Location: Songdo, Incheon, Korea

2)      Purchase Price: KRW 207,600,000,000 (2.8% of the total assets on consolidated basis as of the end of year 2012)

3)      Closing Date: July 31, 2014 (tentative)

4)      Miscellaneous

•       Building is expected to be purchased by Daewoo International (60%) and POSCO E&C (40%)

POSCO ENERGY Agreement of stock acquisition June, 2014

1)      Contract Parties: TONGYANG Cement & Energy Corp., TONGYANG Leisure, and TONGYANG Inc.

2)      Signed Date : June 25, 2014

3)      Amount : KRW 431,093 million

4)      Purpose : Agreement of stock acquisition in order to acquire 100% stake of TONGYANG Power

 

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9. Research and Development

A. Research and Development (“R&D”) Organization

 

Business Area

  

Company

  

Organization

   Staff  

Steel

   POSCO   

POSCO’s

Relevant

Departments

   Technical Research Laboratory      990   
         New Growth Technology Strategy Department      20   
         Iron and Steel Technology Strategy Department      44   
         Environment and Energy Department      37   
         Total      1,091   
  

POSCO Specialty Steel

   R&D Group      21   
  

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL

   Product Research Group      16   
  

POSCO AST CO., LTD.

   Product Research Team      5   
  

Zhangjiagang Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

   Product Development Group      6   
  

POSCO Thainox Public Company Ltd.

   Product Development and Research      5   
Engineering & Construction   

POSCO Engineering & Construction

   R&D Center      81   
  

POSCO Engineering Company

   R&D group      17   
  

POSCO A&C

   R&D Center, Quality Engineering Team      18   

Others

  

POSCO ENERGY

  

Technology Strategy

Department,

Fuel Cell Department

     126   
  

POSCO ICT

   Information Control Lab      98   
  

POSCO CHEMTECH COMPANY

   R&D Center      35   
  

POSCO M-TECH CO., LTD.

   R&D Center      16   
  

POS-HiMETAL CO., Ltd.

   Product Research Department      6   
  

PNR CO., Ltd.

   Quality Innovation Department      7   
  

PONUTech Co., Ltd.

   Technology Center      12   

B. R&D Expenses

 

                   (In millions of KRW)  

Category

   Business Area  
   Steel      Trade      Engineering &
Construction
     Others      Total  

Sales and Administrative Cost

     128,503         2,034         7,270         37,388         175,195   

Manufacturing Cost

     343,581         —           5,221         4,347         353,149   

R&D Cost (Intangible Assets)

     157,127         —           3,295         5,255         165,677   

Total

     619,211         2,034         15,786         46,990         694,021   

R&D/Sales Ratio (%)

     1.98         0.01         0.19         1.18         1.07   

 

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Table of Contents

III. Financial Statements

1. Non-consolidated Financial Statements

A. Summary of Fiscal Years 2012, 2013, and 2014

 

            (In millions of KRW)  

Account

   2014      2013      2012  

[Current Assets]

     11,623,130         11,953,479         12,609,471   

Cash & Cash equivalents

     1,742,767         1,394,315         1,752,560   

Trade Accounts & Notes Receivable(net)

     3,157,266         3,393,444         4,087,030   

Other Current Financial Instruments

     1,256,659         2,599,977         1,323,540   

Inventories

     4,383,568         4,538,657         5,403,660   

Other Current Assets

     1,082,870         27,086         42,681   

[Non-current Assets]

     40,974,193         42,288,799         39,710,965   

Other Non-current Financial Instruments

     1,820,950         3,408,332         3,028,765   

Investment in Subsidiaries and Associates

     16,178,891         15,092,836         14,100,053   

Tangible Assets

     22,323,215         23,240,603         22,166,735   

Good Will & Other Intangible Assets

     403,907         438,783         293,841   

Other Non-current Assets

     247,230         108,245         121,571   

Total Assets

     52,597,323         54,242,278         52,320,436   

[Current Liabilities]

     3,516,052         3,704,520         4,543,512   

[Non-current Liabilities]

     6,605,840         8,226,296         8,612,376   

Total Liabilities

     10,121,892         11,930,816         13,155,888   

[Capital Stock]

     482,403         482,403         482,403   

[Capital Surplus]

     1,247,616         1,233,040         1,227,692   

Hybrid Bond

     996,919         996,919         0   

[Retained Earnings]

     41,188,908         40,774,284         39,842,497   

[Other Equity]

     (1,440,415      (1,175,184      (2,388,044

Total Shareholders’ Equity

     42,475,431         42,311,462         39,164,548   

Total Sales

     29,218,854         30,543,545         35,664,933   

Operating Income

     2,350,035         2,215,133         2,789,597   

Net Income

     1,138,958         1,582,596         2,499,523   

Earnings per share(KRW)

     13,858         20,052         32,359   

 

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B. The Standards Used for Reporting the Financial Statements

The company prepared its financial statements and its Certified Public Accountant’s audit opinions on financial statements in accordance with the Korean—International Financial Reporting Standards (the “K-IFRS”).

C. Non-consolidated Financial Statements

 

(1) Balance Sheet

Refer to the attached balance sheet for the fiscal year of 2014.

 

(2) Income Statements

Refer to the attached income statement for the fiscal year of 2014.

 

(3) The Note on the Financial Statement

Refer to the auditor’s note about the financial statement.

 

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Table of Contents

2. Consolidated Financial Statements

A. Summary of Fiscal Years 2012, 2013, and 2014

 

            (In millions of KRW)  

Account

   2014      2013      2012  

[Current Assets]

     32,627,382         31,666,211         31,566,116   

Cash & Cash equivalents

     3,811,202         4,280,562         4,680,526   

Other Current Financial Instruments

     3,419,136         4,861,088         3,846,433   

Accounts Receivable

     11,786,055         11,492,601         11,037,973   

Inventories

     10,471,330         9,798,381         10,584,646   

Other Current Assets

     3,139,659         1,305,579         1,416,538   

[Non-current Assets]

     52,624,791         52,789,196         47,699,735   

Other Non-current Financial Instruments

     3,600,060         5,263,185         4,669,868   

Investment Securities

     4,060,507         3,808,693         3,039,261   

Tangible Assets

     35,241,195         35,760,119         32,276,379   

Good Will & Other Intangible Assets

     6,884,989         5,929,840         5,662,361   

Other Non-current Assets

     2,838,040         2,027,359         2,051,866   

Total Assets

     85,252,173         84,455,407         79,265,851   

[Current Liabilities]

     21,877,009         20,241,159         19,775,001   

[Non-current Liabilities]

     18,083,799         18,392,218         17,061,432   

Total Liabilities

     39,960,808         38,633,377         36,836,433   

[Controlling Interest]

     41,587,368         42,046,037         39,454,142   

Capital Stock

     482,403         482,403         482,403   

Capital Surplus

     1,083,718         1,078,266         1,104,814   

Hybrid Bond

     996,919         996,919         0   

Retained Earnings

     40,967,558         41,090,649         40,346,481   

 

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Table of Contents

Other Controlling Interest

  (1,943,230   (1,602,200   (2,479,556

[Minority Interest]

  3,703,997      3,775,993      2,975,276   

Total Shareholders’ Equity

  45,291,365      45,822,030      42,429,418   

Total Sales

  65,098,445      61,864,650      63,604,151   

Operating Income

  3,213,530      2,996,134      3,653,108   

Consolidated Net Profit

  556,659      1,355,180      2,385,607   

[Controlling Interest]

  626,099      1,376,396      2,462,081   

[Minority Interest]

  (69,440   (21,216   (76,474

Consolidated Total Comprehensive Income

  101,077      1,369,450      1,747,685   

[Controlling Interest]

  174,918      1,444,262      1,911,506   

[Minority Interest]

  (73,841   (74,812   (163,821

Number of Consolidated Companies

  229      212      218   

B. The Standards Used for Reporting the Financial Statements

The Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with the Korean-International Financial Reporting Standards (the “K-IFRS”) and applied it to each Company’s final financial statements.

C. Consolidated Financial Statements

 

(1) Consolidated Balance Sheet

Refer to the attached consolidated balance sheet for the fiscal year of 2014.

 

(2) Consolidated Income Statements

Refer to the attached consolidated financial report for the fiscal year of 2014.

 

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Table of Contents

IV. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND COMPANY AFFILIATES

1. Overview of Corporate Governance

A. Board of Directors

 

  (1) Board of Directors

Our board of directors has the ultimate responsibility for management of our business affairs. Under our Articles of Incorporation, the board shall consist of five directors who also act as the executive officers (the “Inside Directors”) and seven directors who are to be outside directors (the “Outside Directors”). Our shareholders elect both Inside Directors and Outside Directors at a general meeting of shareholders. Candidates for the Inside Directors are recommended to shareholders by the board of directors after the board reviews such candidates’ qualifications; candidates for the Outside Directors are recommended to the shareholders by a separate board committee consisted of three Outside Directors and one Inside Director (the “Director Candidate Recommendation Committee”) after the committee reviews such candidates’ qualifications. Any shareholder holding an aggregate of 0.5% or more of our outstanding shares with voting rights for at least six months may recommend candidates for Outside Directors to the Director Candidate Recommendation Committee.

Our board of directors maintains the following six special committees:

 

  (a) Director Candidate Recommendation Committee;

 

  (b) Evaluation and Compensation Committee;

 

  (c) Finance and Operation Committee;

 

  (d) Executive Management Committee;

 

  (e) Audit Committee; and

 

  (f) Related Party Transaction Committee.

 

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Table of Contents
LOGO Composition of the Special Committees under the Board of Directors and their Functions (as of December 31, 2014)

 

Category

  

Composition

  

Directors

  

Major Functions

Director Candidate Recommendation Committee   

3 Outside Directors;

1 Inside Director

  

Lee, Myung-Woo

(Chairman)

Kim, Il-Sup

Ahn, Dong-Hyun

Yoon, Dong-Jun

  

•    Reviews the qualifications of potential candidates for Directors

•    Proposes nominees for the Outside Directors

•    Advances the nomination process for the Inside Directors and members of the special committees

Evaluation and

Compensation

Committee

   4 Outside Directors   

Shin, Chae-Chol

(Chairman)

Lee, Chang Hee

Lee, Myung-Woo

Sunwoo, Young

  

•    Executes management succession and development plans

•    Establishes evaluation procedures of directors

•    Reviews the retirement procedures and distribution of the allowance for directors

Finance and Operation Committee    3 Outside Directors;
2 Inside Directors
  

Shin, Chae-Chol

(Chairman)

James B. Bemowski

Ahn, Dong-Hyun

Chang, In-Hwan

Lee, Young-Hoon

  

•    Advances deliberation of new investments in other companies

•    Revises the internal regulations regarding the operation of the Board of Directors

•    Deliberates financial matters and donations from the range of KRW 100 million and KRW 1 billion

Audit Committee    3 Outside Directors   

Kim, Il-Sup

(Chairman)

Lee, Chang-Hee,

Sunwoo, Young

  

•    Audits the accounting system and business operations

•    Examines the agenda for financial statements and other reports to be submitted by the Board of Directors at each general meeting of shareholders

Related Party Transactions Committee    3 Outside Directors   

Kim, Il-Sup

(Chairman)

Lee, Chang-Hee,

Sunwoo, Young

  

•    Reviews matters related to the internal transactions under the MRFTA.

•    Holds preliminary review on internal transactions exceeding the amount of KRW 10 billion.

•    Holds a deliberation hearing on internal transactions exceeding KRW 3 billion but less than 10 billion.

Executive

Management Committee

   5 Inside Directors   

Kwon, Oh-Joon (Chairman)

Kim, Jin-Il,

Chang, In-Hwan,

Yoon, Dong-Jun,

Lee, Young-Hoon

  

•    Oversees decisions with respect to our operational and management matters

•    Reviews management’s proposal for new strategic initiatives

•    Reviews deliberation over critical internal matters related to the organization structure and development of personnel

•    Reviews and revises work and welfare policies

 

LOGO Changes after December 31, 2014

 

    Composition of the Special Committees (as of March 13, 2015)

 

    Director Candidate Recommendation Committee: Ahn, Dong-Hyun (Chairman), Kim, Il-Sup, Kim, Joo-Hyun, Kim, Jin-Il

 

    Evaluation and Compensation Committee: Sunwoo, Young (Chairman), Shin, Chae Chol, Lee, Myung-Woo, Bahk, Byong-Won

 

    Finance and Operation Committee: Lee, Myung-Woo (Chairman), Ahn, Dong-Hyun, Bahk, Byong Won,Yoon, Dong-Jun, Lee, Young-Hoon

 

    Audit Committee: Kim, Il-Sup (Chairman), Sunwoo, Young, Kim, Joo-Hyun

 

    Related Party Transactions Committee: Kim, Il-Sup (Chairman), Sunwoo, Young, Kim, Joo-Hyun

 

    Executive Management Committee: Kwon, Oh-Joon (Chairman), Kim, Jin-Il, Yoon, Dong-Jun, Lee, Young-Hoon, Oh, In-Hwan

 

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Table of Contents
  (2) Establishment and Composition of the Director Candidate Recommendation Committee
  (a) Established the Director Candidate Recommendation Committee (March 17, 2000)

 

  (b) Changed the name from the Director Candidate Recommendation Committee to the Director Candidate Recommendation and Evaluation Committee (March 15, 2002)

 

  (c) Changed the name from the Director Candidate Recommendation and Evaluation Committee to the Director Candidate Recommendation Committee (March 12, 2004)

 

  (3) List of Outside Directors (as of December 31, 2014)

 

Name

  

Experience

  

Relation with
Majority
Shareholder

  

Remarks

Lee, Chang Hee

  

•    (Present) Professor of College of Law, Seoul National University

•    Vice Chairman, Tax Law Association

   None   

Chairman

Board of

Directors

James B. Bemowski

  

•    (Present) Vice Chairman, Business Operations, Doosan Corporation

•    Senior Executive Vice President and Chairman of SBB Mutual

    Southern Bank Berhad, Malaysia

•    Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company

   None   

Shin, Chae-Chol

  

•    President and Representative Director, LG CNS

•    President and Representative Director, IBM Korea

   None   

Lee, Myoung-Woo

  

•    (Present) Professor, HanYang University

•    Vice Chairman, Iriver

•    CEO, SONY Korea

   None   

Kim, Il-Sup

  

•    (Present) President, Seoul School of Integrated Science and

    Technology

•    Chairman, Deloitte Anjin Accounting Corporation

•    Vice-Chairman, Samil PWC Accounting Corporation

   None   

Sunwoo, Young

  

•    (Present) Managing Partner, Rhi & Partners

•    Chief Public Prosecutor, Seoul Eastern District Prosecutor’s Office

•    Chief Public Prosecutor, Cheongju District Prosecutor’s Office

   None   

Ahn, Dong-Hyun

  

•    (Present) Professor, School of Economics, Seoul National University

•    Head of Quant Strategy, Royal Bank of Scotland

   None   

 

LOGO Changes after December 31, 2014

 

    List of Outside Directors (as of March 13, 2015)

 

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Table of Contents

Name

  

Experience

  

Relation

with

Majority
Shareholder

  

Remarks

Shin, Chae-Chol   

•    President and Representative Director, LG CNS

•    President and Representative Director, IBM Korea

   None   

Chairman

Board of

Directors

Lee, Myoung-Woo   

•    (Present) President and Representative Director, Dongwon Industry

•    Vice Chairman, Iriver

•    CEO, SONY Korea

   None   
Kim, Il-Sup   

•    (Present) President, Seoul School of Integrated Science and

    Technology

•    Chairman, Deloitte Anjin Accounting Corporation

•    Vice-Chairman, Samil PWC Accounting Corporation

   None   
Sunwoo, Young   

•    (Present) Managing Partner, Rhi & Partners

•    Chief Public Prosecutor, Seoul Eastern District Prosecutor’s Office

•    Chief Public Prosecutor, Cheongju District Prosecutor’s Office

   None   
Ahn, Dong-Hyun   

•    (Present) Professor, School of Economics, Seoul National University

•    Head of Quant Strategy, Royal Bank of Scotland

   None    Member of the Risk Management committee of the National Pension Services (Non-Executive Director)
Bahk, Byong-Won   

•    (Present) President, National Happiness Fund

•    Chairman, Korea Federation Bank

•    Senior Secretary to the President, Economic Policy

•    Chairman, Woori Finance Holdings Co., Ltd

   None   
Kim, Joo-Hyun   

•    (Present) Advisory, Hyundai Research Institute Chairman,

    Sub-Committee of Economy Presidential Committee,

    Unification Preparation

•    President&CEO, Hyundai Research Institute

•    Head, Business Strategy Division of Hyundai Research Institute

   None   

 

  (4) List of Key Activities of the Board of Directors (January 1, 2014 ~ December 31, 2014)

 

Session

  

Date

  

Agenda

   Approval
2014-1    January 15    1. Confirmation for CEO candidates’ qualification and plan for the CEO Candidate Recommendation Committee    Approved
2014-2    January 16    1. Recommendation of candidates for the Inside Director position (Candidate for the Chief Executive Officer)    Approved
2014-3    January 29   

1. Approval of the financial statements for the 46th fiscal year and the convocation schedule for the 46th general meeting of shareholders

2. Revision of remuneration scheme for the Outside Directors

   All 2 Cases

Approved

2014-4    February 24   

1. Recommendation of candidates for the Inside Director position

(Excluding the candidate for the Chief Executive Officer)

2. Agenda for the 46th general meeting shareholders

   All 2 Cases

Approved

2014-5    March 10    1. Participating in the Offering for Capital Increase of POSCO PLANTEC    Approved
2014-6    March 14   

1. Appointment of the chairman of the Board of Directors

2. Appointment of the special committee members

3. Appointment of the Chief Executive Officer

4. Approval of designation of Representative Directors and Inside Directors

   All 4Cases

Approved

2014-7    May 16   

1. Corporate Strategy (2014~2016)

2. The reformation of FY2014 Management Plan

3. Contribution to POSCO Educational Foundation

4. Establishment of POSCO 1% Foundation with Card Points

5. Plan for the transaction with Daewoo International in 2014

   All 5 Cases
Approved

 

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2014-8    August 8   

1. Plan for investment increase to improve financial structure in POSCO Maharashtra

2. Plan for the transaction with affiliate person in 2014

3. Investment in kind for business restructuring

4. Change of business structure of Synthetic Natural Gas project

5. Distribution of the interim dividend for the first half of fiscal year of 2014

6. Contribution to local development of Magnesium project

7. Fundraising donation to help ’MV Sewol’

  

All 7 Cases

Approved

2014-9    November 7   

1. Participating in investment increase of SUNCHEON ECO TRANS

2. Sale of shares in Busan E&E

3. Sale of shares in POSFINE

4. Revision of lime calcinations plant lease agreement with POSCO CHEMTECH

5. Sales of treasury stock for ESOP in 2014

   All 5 Cases Approved
2014-10   

December 12/

December 22

  

1. FY2015 Management Plan

2. Contribution to Labor Welfare Fund

3. Year end fundraising donation to help the poor

4. Investment in construction of Gwangyang CGL

5. Merge Namisa-Congonhas and partial sale of its shares

6. Sale of shares in POSCO Specialty Steel

7. Participating in the Offering for Capital Increase of POSCO PLANTEC(December 22)

   All 7 Cases Approved

 

LOGO List of Key Activities after December 31, 2014

 

Session

  

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

2015-1    January 29   

1. Approval of the financial statements for the 47th fiscal year and the convocation schedule for the 47th general meeting of shareholders

2. Performance evaluation of executive officers and improvement of indemnification

  

All 2 Cases

Approved

2015-2    February 16   

1. Agenda for the 47th general meeting of shareholders

2. Recommendation of candidates for the Inside Director position

  

All 2 Cases

Approved

2015-3    March 13   

1. Appointment of the chairman of the Board of Directors

2. Appointment of the special committee members

3. Approval of designation of Representative Directors and Inside Directors

4. Sale of shares in POSCO Engineering & Construction

   All 4 Cases Approved

 

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Table of Contents
LOGO Major Activities of the Outside Directors on the Board of Directors (January 1, 2014 ~ December 31, 2014)

 

Session

  

Date

   Participation of the Outside Directors
(the Number of total members)
  Remarks  

2014-1

   January 15    6 (6)     —     

2014-2

   January 16    6 (6)     —     

2014-3

   January 29    6 (6)     —     

2014-4

   February 24    6 (6)     —     

2014-5

   March 10    4 (6)     —     

2014-6

   March 14    7 (7)     —     

2014-7

   May 16    7 (7)     —     

2014-8

   August 8    6 (7)     —     

2014-9

   November 7    7 (7)  

2014-10

  

December 12/

December 22

   7 (7)  

 

LOGO Major Activities of the Outside Directors after December 31, 2014

 

Session

  

Date

   Participation of the Outside Directors
(the Number of total members)
  Remarks

2015-1

   January 29    7 (7)  

2015-2

   February 16    7 (7)  

2015-3

   March 13    7 (7)  

 

  (5) Composition of the Special Committees and their Activities

 

  (a) Major Activities of Director Candidate Recommendation Committee (January 1, 2014~March 14, 2014)

 

Date

  

Agenda

   Approval
February 17,    1. Assessment of qualifications and recommendation of the Outside Directors    Approved
February 24    1. Assessment of the Inside Directors    —  
March 14   

1. Appointment of the special committee members

2. Approval of the designation of positions for the Representative Directors and Inside Directors

   —  

—  

 

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Table of Contents
LOGO Major Activities of Director Candidate Recommendation Committee (March 14, 2014~March 13, 2015)

 

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

December 12, 2014    1. Plan to form advisory council for recommendation of Outside Directors    Approved
February 9, 2015    1. Qualification Assessment and Recommendation of Outside Director Candidates    Approved
February 16    1. Qualification assessment of Inside Director Candidates    —  
March 13   

1. Appointment of Special Committee Members

2. Appointment of the Representative Directors and Position for the Inside Directors

   —  

 

(b) Major Activities of Evaluation and Compensation Committee (January 1, 2014 ~ March 14, 2014)

 

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

January 29   

1. Evaluation of the management result for the fiscal year of 2013

2. Revision of remuneration scheme for Outside Directors

  

Approved

—  

 

LOGO Major Activities of Evaluation and Compensation Committee (March 14, 2014 ~ March 31, 2015)

 

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

May 16, 2014    1. Plan for the Evaluation of the management result for the fiscal year of 2014    Approved
January 29, 2015   

1. Performance evaluation of executive officers and improvement of indemnification

2. Evaluation of the management result for the fiscal year of 2014

  

—  

Approved

 

(c) Major Activities of Finance and Operation Committee (January 1, 2014 ~ March 14, 2014)

 

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

January 29    1. Extension of Payment Guarantee Plan for United Spiral Pipe, LLC    Approved

 

LOGO Major Activities of Finance and Operation Committee (March 14, 2014~March 13, 2015)

 

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

May 16   

1. Establishment of POSCO 1% Foundation with Card Points

2.Extension of Payment Guarantee Plan for POSUK Titanium Limited Liability Partnership

  

—  

Approved

August 8   

1. Contribution to local development of Magnesium project

2. Payment Guarantee Plan for POSCO Mexico, S.A de C.V

  

—  

Approved

November 7   

1. Sale of shares in POSFINE

2. Capital Increase in Payment Guarantee for CSP

  

—  

Approved

December 12   

1. Year end fundraising donation to help the poor

2. Merge Namisa-Congonhas and partial sale of its shares

3. Plan for Undersea Tunnel between Gwangyang and Yeosu Project

4. Approval of Agreement of Short-Term Credit Line Limit in 2015

  

—  

—  

Approved

Approved

 

LOGO Major Activities after March 13, 2015 ~ March 31, 2015

 

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

March 13, 2015    1. Sale of shares in POSCO Engineering & Construction    —  

 

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Table of Contents
  (d) Major Activities of Related Party Transaction Committee (January 1, 2014 ~ March 14, 2014)

 

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

January 28    1. Review of the operation of the Fair Trading Program    —  
March 10    1. Participating in the Offering for Capital Increase of POSCO PLANTEC    —  

 

LOGO Major Activities of Related Party Transaction Committee (March 14, 2014 ~ March 13, 2015)

 

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

March 20    1. Change in Director for voluntary compliance of Fair Trade    Approved
May 15    1. Contribution to POSCO Educational Foundation    —  
August 7   

1. Asset purchase of RIST Steel Structure Research Center

2. Change of business structure of a Synthetic Natural Gas Project

3. Investment in kind for business restructuring

4. Review of the operation of the Fair Trading Program

  

Approved

—  

—  

—  

November 6   

1. Revision of lime calcinations plant lease agreement with POSCO CHEMTECH

2. Participating in investment increase of SUNCHEON ECO TRANS

3. Sale of shares in Busan E&E

4. Review of related party transaction for steel and by-product

5. Review of related party transaction in Raw Material Department

  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

December 11   

1. Participating in the Offering for Capital Increase of POSCO PLANTEC

2. Sale of shares in POSCO Specialty Steel

3. Contribution to Labor Welfare Fund

4. Review of related party transaction in Outside Services Group

5. Review of related party transaction in Plant, Equipment and Materials Procurement Department

  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

January 23, 2015    1. Review of the operation of the Fair Trading Program    —  
February 13   

1. Change in Director for voluntary compliance of Fair Trade

2. Investment increase of POSCO Group Academy

  

Approved

Approved

 

  (e) Major Activities of Executive Management Committee (January 1, 2014 ~ March 31, 2015)

 

Session

  

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

2014-1

   January 7    1. Plan for Disposal of Treasury Stocks as Employee Award    Approved

2014-2

   February 11    1. LPG procurement and the construction of storage tank and facilities    Approved

2014-3

   April 15   

1. Investment of R&D facilities for Laser Permanent Magnetic Domain Refinement

2. Plan for Disposal of Treasury Stock as Employee Award

  

Approved

Approved

2014-4

   May 20   

1. Rationalization of #2RH of #2 Stainless Steel Making Plant in Pohang Works

2. Renovation of line in Pohang Works

  

Approved

Approved

2014-5

   June 3    1. Closing of the shareholder book for the interim dividend for the first half of fiscal year of 2014    Approved

2014-6

   June 17   

1. Minimization of FOG diffusion in Pohang Works

2. Replacement of control system of #1 Hot rolling mill in Pohang Works

3. Replacement of facilities of #3 CGL in Gwangyang Works

  

Approved

Approved

Approved

2014-7

   July 15   

1. Investment increase to improve financial structure in POSCO Maharashtra

2. Technology sales for CSP

3. Plan for Disposal of Treasury Stocks as Employee Award

  

—  

Approved

Approved

2014-8

   August 1    1. Change of business structure of a Synthetic Natural Gas Project    —  

2014-9

   August 19    1. Complement facilities for sales expansion of plate    Approved

2014-10

   September 16   

1. Replacement of facilities for automotive flat products

2. Construction of COG Holder for the replacement of #2 COG in Pohang Works

  

Approved

Approved

 

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Table of Contents

2014-11

October 21

1. Participating in investment increase of SUNCHEON ECO TRANS

2. Investment increase for POSCO-CCPC’s Second Plant in Chongqing

3. Investment for Processing Center in India

4. The first renovation of the fifth furnace in Gwangyang Works

5. Replacement of facilities of #2 sintering plant, #2 steel making plant, and #2 continuous casting plant in Gwangyang Works

6. Participating in investment increase for CSP

7. Real estate sales in Pohang and Gwangyang

8. Disposal of Treasury Stocks as Employee Award

—  

Approved

Approved

Approved

Approved

Approved

Approved

Approved

Approved

2014-12

November 18

1. Investment in construction of Continuous Galvanizaing Line in Gwangyang

2. Purchase and sale of shares in POSCO Vietnam and Siam United Steel

3. Investment increase of POSCO America for Exit plan of USP

—  

Approved

Approved

2014-13

December 2 1. Sale of shares in POSCO Specialty Steel —  

2014-14

December 8 1. Participating in the Offering for Capital Increase of POSCO PLANTEC —  

2014-15

December 22

1. Plan for establishment of POSCO Indonesia

2. Second reclamation project in Pohang Works

3. Replacement of equipments in Pohang Works

4. Investment increase of project for expansion of the capacity of the raw materials treatment in Gwangyang Works

Approved

Approved

Approved

Approved

2015-1

January 26

1. Replacement of H2 production facility for COG refinement in Pohang Works

2. Replacement of Scarfer in Gwangyang Works

3. Disposal of Treasury Stocks as Employee Award

Approved

Approved

Approved

2015-2

March 17 The third renovation of #3 furnace in Pohang Works Approved

B. Audit Committee

Under the Korean laws and our Articles of Incorporation, we are required to have an audit committee (the “Audit Committee”). The Audit Committee may be composed of three or more directors; all members of the Audit Committee must be of Outside Directors. Members of the Audit Committee must also meet the applicable independent criteria set forth under the rules and regulations of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act. Members of the Audit Committee are elected by the shareholders at the general meeting of shareholders. Our current Audit Committee is composed of three Outside Directors. Members of our Audit Committee are Kim, Il-Sup (Chairman), Lee, Chang-Hee, and Sunwoo Young.

The duties of the Audit Committee include:

 

    Engaging independent auditors;

 

    Approving independent audit fees;

 

    Approving audit and non-audit services;

 

    Reviewing annual financial statements;

 

    Reviewing audit results and reports, including management comments and recommendations;

 

    Reviewing our system of controls and policies, including those covering conflicts of interest and business ethics;

 

    Reviewing and approving all related party transactions; and

 

    Examining improprieties or suspected improprieties.

 

43


Table of Contents

Moreover, in connection with the general meeting of shareholders, the Audit Committee examines the agenda, financial statements and other reports to be submitted by the Board of Directors at each general meeting of stockholders. Our internal and external auditors report directly to the Audit Committee. The committee holds its regular meetings at least once each quarter and more frequently if needed.

 

  (1) Composition of the Audit Committee (Auditors)

 

Name

  

Qualifications

   Remarks

Kim, Il-Sup

      Chairman

Lee, Chang-Hee

   Satisfies the requirements stipulated in the Articles of Incorporation    —  

Sunwoo Young

      —  

 

LOGO Changes After December 31, 2014

 

Kim, Joo-Hyun was newly appointed (by the Court) on March 13, 2015 as a member of Audit Committee.

 

Name

  

Qualifications

   Remarks

Kim, Il-Sup

      Chairman

Sunwoo, Young

   Satisfies the requirements stipulated in the Articles of Incorporation    —  

Kim, Joo-Hyun

      —  

 

(2) Major Activities of the Audit Committee (Auditors) (January 1, 2014 ~ December 31, 2014)

 

Session

  

Date

  

Agenda

   Approval

2014-1

   January 28   

•    Report Agenda

•    Reporting of the operations of the internal accounting control system for the fiscal     year of 2013

  

2014-2

   February 21   

•    Deliberation Agenda

•    Assessment of the operations of the internal accounting control system for the

    fiscal year of 2013

•    Internal audit result for the fiscal year of 2013 (Consolidated)

•    Election of the external auditor

•    Report Agenda

•    External audit result for the fiscal year of 2013 (Consolidated)

   Approved

Approved

Approved

2014-3

   March 14   

•    Deliberation Agenda

•    Appointment of the chairman of the Audit Committee

•    Approval of designation of the director for internal auditary department

   Approved

Approved

2014-4

   March 20   

•    Deliberation Agenda

•    Approval of audit and non-audit services for POSCO and POSCO’s subsidiaries

   Approved

 

44


Table of Contents

Session

  

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

2014-5

   May 15   

•    Deliberation Agenda

•    Approval of audit and non-audit services for POSCO and POSCO’s subsidiaries

•    Report Agenda

•    Assessment of observance of ethics

•    Internal audit result for the first quarter of 2014 (Consolidated)

•    External audit result for the first quarter of 2014 (Consolidated) and Audit

    result of Form 20-F for the fiscal year of 2013

•    Audit plans for the fiscal year of 2014

•    Amendment of POSCO Code of Conduct

   Approved

2014-6

   August 7   

•    Deliberation Agenda

•    Approval of audit and non audit services for POSCO IPPC

•    Report Agenda

•    Internal audit result for the second quarter of 2014 (Consolidated)

•    External audit result for the second quarter of 2014 (Consolidated)

•    Reporting result of audit for the first half of the fiscal year 2014

   Approved

2014-7

   November 6   

•    Report Agenda

•    Internal audit result for the third quarter of 2014 (Consolidated)

•    External audit result for the third quarter of 2014 (Consolidated)

  

2014-8

   December 11   

•    Deliberation Agenda

•    Approval of audit and non-audit services for the review of revenue in 2014

•    Report Agenda

•    Reporting result of audit for the second half of the fiscal year 2014

•    Assessment of the operations of the external auditors in the fiscal year of 2014

•    Assessment of directors’ and employees’ observance of ethics in the

    fiscal year of 2014

   Approved

 

LOGO Changes After December 31, 2014 (January 1, 2015~March 31, 2015)

 

Session

  

Date

  

Agenda

  

Approval

2015-1

   January 23   

•    Report Agenda

•    Assessment of the operations of the internal accounting control system for the

    fiscal year of 2014

•    Reporting the consolidated internal control system for the fiscal year of 2014

•    Audit plans for the fiscal year of 2015

  

2015-2

   February 13   

•    Deliberation Agenda

•    Approval of designation of the director for internal auditary department

•    Assessment of the operations of the internal accounting control system for the

    fiscal year of 2014

•    Internal audit result for the fiscal year of 2014 (Consolidated)

•    Report Agenda

•    External audit result for the fiscal year of 2014 (Consolidated)

  

Approved

Approved

Approved

2015-3

   March 27   

•    Deliberation Agenda

•    Approval of audit and non-audit services for POSCO and POSCO’s subsidiaries

   Approved

 

 

45


Table of Contents

C. Voting Rights by Shareholders

 

  (1) The Cumulative Voting System: The cumulative voting system was introduced at the thirty sixth general meeting of shareholders on March 12, 2004.

 

  (2) Voting by Mail: The voting-by-mail system was introduced at the thirty sixth general meeting of shareholders on March 12, 2004.

D. Compensation of Directors and Officers

 

  (1) Directors’ (including Outside Directors) and the Audit Committee members’ (Auditors’) Salaries

 

                      (In millions KRW)  

Category

   Total
Numbers
   Total Payment      Ceiling Amount
Approved at the
Shareholders Meeting
   Remarks  

Inside Director

   5      5,918            —     

Outside Director

   4      306       7 billion      —     

Members of the Audit Committee

   3      222            —     

Total

   12      6,446            —     

 

LOGO Payment Period: January 1, 2014 ~ December 31, 2014.
LOGO Outside Directors also serving as the members of the Audit Committee are excluded in the count for the Outside Director.

 

  (2) Individual remuneration amount

 

 

(In millions KRW)            

Name

  

Experience

   Total Payment  

Kwon, Oh-Joon

   Chief Executive Officer and Representative Director      1,094   

Kim, Jin-Il

   President and Representative Director      700   

Chang, In-Hwan

   Senior Executive Vice President and Representative Director      692   

Yoon, Dong-Joon

   Senior Executive Vice President      595   

Lee, Young-Hoon

   Senior Executive Vice President      598   

Chung, Joon-Yang*

   Chief Executive Officer and Representative Director      3,996   

Park, Ki-Hong*

   President and Representative Director      1,679   

Kim, Joon-Sik*

   President and Representative Director      1,671   

Kim, Yeung Gyu*

   Senior Executive Vice President      920   

 

LOGO  * refers to the retired directors as of March 2014 and retirement payment is included in the total remuneration

(3) List of Stock Options Presented to the Executives (As of December 31, 2014)

LOGO Exercise of the stock option ended on the final day of the stock options exercise period (April 28, 2012).

 

46


Table of Contents

POSCO

and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2014 and 2013

(With Independent Auditors’ Report Thereon)


Table of Contents

Table of Contents

 

     Page  

Independent Auditors’ Report

     1   

Consolidated Financial Statements

  

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

     3   

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

     5   

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

     6   

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

     8   

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

     10   


Table of Contents

Independent Auditors’ Report

Based on a report originally issued in Korean

The Board of Directors and Shareholders

POSCO:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of POSCO and its subsidiaries (“the Company”), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.

Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditors’ Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on our judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.


Table of Contents

Opinion

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards.

Other Matters

The accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2013, and the related statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year then ended, were audited by us in accordance with the previous auditing standards generally accepted in the Republic of Korea.

The procedures and practices utilized in the Republic of Korea to audit such consolidated financial statements may differ from those generally accepted and applied in other countries.

Seoul, Korea

February 25, 2015

This report is effective as of February 25, 2015, the audit report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances, which may occur between the audit report date and the time of reading this report, could have a material impact on the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Accordingly, the readers of the audit report should understand that the above audit report has not been updated to reflect the impact of such subsequent events or circumstances, if any.

 

2


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Notes    December 31, 2014      December 31, 2013  

Assets

        

Cash and cash equivalents

   4,5,23    3,811,202         4,208,562   

Trade accounts and notes receivable, net

   6,17,23,28,29,38      11,786,055         11,492,601   

Other receivables, net

   7,23      1,956,216         1,890,423   

Other short-term financial assets

   8,23,38      1,462,920         2,970,665   

Inventories

   9      10,471,330         9,798,381   

Current income tax assets

   36      36,147         32,417   

Assets held for sale

   10      2,127,087         2,494   

Other current assets

   16      976,425         1,270,668   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current assets

  32,627,382      31,666,211   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Long-term trade accounts and notes receivable, net

6,23   79,336      97,000   

Other receivables, net

7,23   1,144,160      797,455   

Other long-term financial assets

8,23   2,455,900      4,465,730   

Investments in associates and joint ventures

11   4,060,507      3,808,693   

Investment property, net

13   1,055,592      425,229   

Property, plant and equipment, net

14   35,241,195      35,760,119   

Intangible assets, net

15,42   6,884,989      5,929,840   

Deferred tax assets

36   1,195,563      1,139,932   

Other long-term assets

16   507,549      365,198   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total non-current assets

  52,624,791      52,789,196   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

85,252,173      84,455,407   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

3


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Notes    December 31, 2014     December 31, 2013  

Liabilities

       

Trade accounts and notes payable

   23,38    3,950,786        4,231,322   

Short-term borrowings and current installments of long-term borrowings

   4,17,23      12,195,484        10,713,646   

Other payables

   18,23      2,194,713        2,128,854   

Other short-term financial liabilities

   19,23,38      111,637        135,904   

Current income tax liabilities

   36      453,613        358,930   

Liabilities of disposal group held for sale

   10      590,982        —     

Provisions

   20      150,030        107,329   

Other current liabilities

   22,29      2,229,764        2,565,174   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

  21,877,009      20,241,159   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term trade accounts and notes payable

23,38   88,469      559   

Long-term borrowings, excluding current installments

4,17,23   15,232,773      15,532,959   

Other payables

18,23   169,986      206,634   

Other long-term financial liabilities

19,23   91,095      260,021   

Defined benefit liabilities, net

21   290,325      273,160   

Deferred tax liabilities

36   1,832,260      1,711,762   

Long-term provisions

20   223,239      146,272   

Other long-term liabilities

22   155,653      260,851   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-current liabilities

  18,083,800      18,392,218   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  39,960,809      38,633,377   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity

Share capital

24   482,403      482,403   

Capital surplus

24   1,083,718      1,078,266   

Hybrid bonds

25   996,919      996,919   

Reserves

26   (408,773   (23,076

Treasury shares

27   (1,534,457   (1,579,124

Retained earnings

  40,967,558      41,090,649   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity attributable to owners of the controlling company

  41,587,368      42,046,037   

Non-controlling interests

25   3,703,996      3,775,993   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity

  45,291,364      45,822,030   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

85,252,173      84,455,407   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

4


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won, except per share information)    Notes    2014     2013  

Revenue

   28,29,38    65,098,445        61,864,650   

Cost of sales

   29,31,35,38      (57,815,041     (55,004,591
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

  7,283,404      6,860,059   

Selling and administrative expenses

30,35

Administrative expenses

31   (2,309,756   (2,231,805

Selling expenses

  (1,760,118   (1,632,120
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating profit

32   3,213,530      2,996,134   

Share of loss of equity-accounted investees, net

11   (299,893   (179,809

Finance income and costs

23,33

Finance income

  2,396,762      2,380,838   

Finance costs

  (3,221,987   (2,829,253

Other non-operating income and expenses

32,34,38

Other non-operating income

  269,406      229,073   

Other non-operating expenses

35   (979,674   (650,806
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit before income tax

  1,378,144      1,946,177   

Income tax expense

36   (821,485   (590,997
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit

  556,659      1,355,180   

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Items that will never be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss :

Remeasurements of defined benefit pension plans

21   (75,101   6,224   

Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss :

Capital adjustment arising from investments in equity-method investees

  (45,754   (183,836

Net changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments

23   (333,891   412,346   

Foreign currency translation differences

  (836   (220,464
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

  (455,582   14,270   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income

101,077      1,369,450   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit (loss) attributable to :

Owners of the controlling company

626,099      1,376,396   

Non-controlling interests

  (69,440   (21,216
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit

556,659      1,355,180   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to :

Owners of the controlling company

174,918      1,444,262   

Non-controlling interests

  (73,841   (74,812
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income

101,077      1,369,450   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic and diluted earnings per share (in Won)

37   7,432      17,409   

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

5


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

     Attributable to owners of the controlling company     Non-     Total  
(in millions of Won)    Share
capital
     Capital
surplus
    Hybrid
bonds
     Reserves     Treasury
shares
    Retained
earnings
    Sub
total
    controlling
interests
   

Balance as of January 1, 2013

   482,403         1,104,814        —           (88,150     (2,391,406     40,346,481        39,454,142        2,975,276        42,429,418   

Comprehensive income:

                    

Profit

     —           —          —           —          —          1,376,396        1,376,396        (21,216     1,355,180   

Other comprehensive income

                    

Net changes in accumulated comprehensive income of investments in associates, net of tax

     —           —          —           (166,787     —          —          (166,787     (17,049     (183,836

Net changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments, net of tax

     —           —          —           412,453        —          —          412,453        (107     412,346   

Foreign currency translation differences, net of tax

     —           —          —           (180,839     —          —          (180,839     (39,625     (220,464

Remeasurements of defined benefit pension plans, net of tax

     —           —          —           —          —          3,039        3,039        3,185        6,224   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income

     —           —          —           64,827        —          1,379,435        1,444,262        (74,812     1,369,450   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Transactions with owners of the controlling company, Recognized directly in equity:

                    

Year-end dividends

     —           —          —           —          —          (463,467     (463,467     (30,544     (494,011

Interim dividends

     —           —          —           —          —          (154,490     (154,490     —          (154,490

Changes in subsidiaries

     —           —          —           —          —          —          —          40,506        40,506   

Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries

     —           (31,417     —           —          —          —          (31,417     373,963        342,546   

Issue of hybrid bonds

     —           —          996,919         —          —          —          996,919        498,468        1,495,387   

Interest of hybrid bonds

     —           —          —           —          —          (24,161     (24,161     (6,228     (30,389

Disposal of treasury shares

     —           5,348        —           —          812,282        —          817,630        —          817,630   

Others

     —           (479     —           247        —          6,851        6,619        (636     5,983   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total transactions with owners of the controlling company

     —           (26,548     996,919         247        812,282        (635,267     1,147,633        875,529        2,023,162   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2013

   482,403         1,078,266        996,919         (23,076     (1,579,124     41,090,649        42,046,037        3,775,993        45,822,030   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

6


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, Continued

For years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

     Attributable to owners of the controlling company     Non-     Total  
(in millions of Won)    Share
capital
     Capital
surplus
    Hybrid
bond
     Reserves     Treasury
shares
    Retained
earnings
    Sub
total
    controlling
interests
   

Balance as of January 1, 2014

   482,403         1,078,266        996,919         (23,076     (1,579,124     41,090,649        42,046,037        3,775,993        45,822,030   

Comprehensive income:

                    

Profit

     —           —          —           —          —          626,099        626,099        (69,440     556,659   

Other comprehensive income

                    

Net changes in accumulated comprehensive income of investments in associates, net of tax

     —           —          —           (50,920     —          —          (50,920     5,166        (45,754

Net changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments, net of tax

     —           —          —           (335,626     —          —          (335,626     1,735        (333,891

Foreign currency translation differences, net of tax

     —           —          —           517        —          —          517        (1,353     (836

Remeasurements of defined benefit pension plans, net of tax

     —           —          —           —          —          (65,152     (65,152     (9,949     (75,101
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income

     —           —          —           (386,029     —          560,947        174,918        (73,841     101,077   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Transactions with owners of the controlling company, Recognized directly in equity:

                    

Year-end dividends

     —           —          —           —          —          (478,702     (478,702     (32,887     (511,589

Interim dividends

     —           —          —           —          —          (159,568     (159,568     (76,854     (236,422

Changes in subsidiaries

     —           —          —           —          —          —          —          91,551        91,551   

Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries

     —           (9,401     —           —          —          —          (9,401     44,265        34,864   

Interest of hybrid bonds

     —           —          —           —          —          (43,600     (43,600     (26,175     (69,775

Disposal of treasury shares

     —           14,576        —           —          44,667        —          59,243        —          59,243   

Others

     —           277        —           332        —          (2,168     (1,559     1,944        385   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total transactions with owners of the controlling company

     —           5,452        —           332        44,667        (684,038     (633,587     1,844        (631,743
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2014

   482,403         1,083,718        996,919         (408,773     (1,534,457     40,967,558        41,587,368        3,703,996        45,291,364   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

7


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Notes    2014     2013  

Cash flows from operating activities

       

Profit

      556,659        1,355,180   

Adjustments for:

       

Depreciation

        2,894,609        2,505,536   

Amortization

        343,940        180,014   

Finance income

        (1,046,718     (1,012,281

Finance costs

        1,801,015        1,585,778   

Income tax expense

        821,485        590,997   

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

        (15,039     (14,177

Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

        50,006        121,133   

Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment

        64,833        9,742   

Share of loss of equity-accounted investees

        299,893        179,809   

Costs for defined benefit plans

        237,886        247,748   

Provision expense

        245,470        111,364   

Bad debt expenses

        205,306        201,185   

Loss on valuation of inventories

        41,713        49,172   

Impairment loss on goodwill and intangible assets

        55,220        125,316   

Gain on disposals of assets held for sale

        (48,232     (101,611

Impairment loss on assets held for sale

        17,205        1,814   

Others, net

        126,816        31,079   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
  6,095,408      4,812,618   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

40   (1,913,972   (116,432

Interest received

  238,817      227,989   

Interest paid

  (882,183   (797,316

Dividends received

  114,694      193,008   

Income taxes paid

  (797,324   (816,912
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

3,412,099      4,858,135   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

8


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Notes      2014     2013  

Cash flows from investing activities

     41        

Acquisitions of short-term financial instruments

      (3,096,602     (4,449,312

Proceeds from disposal of short-term financial instruments

        4,635,120        3,901,527   

Increase in loans

        (361,671     (575,343

Collection of loans

        76,717        417,971   

Acquisitions of available-for-sale investments

        (75,582     (309,469

Proceeds from disposal of available-for-sale investments

        252,056        269,363   

Acquisitions of investments of equity-accounted investees

        (702,989     (1,076,763

Proceeds from disposal of investments of equity-accounted investees

        21,359        89,533   

Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment

        (3,505,549     (6,569,613

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment

        62,829        82,153   

Acquisitions of investment property

        (406,603     (20,945

Proceeds from disposal of investment property

        43,167        8,464   

Acquisitions of intangible assets

        (343,804     (543,666

Proceeds from disposal of intangible assets

        9,043        5,429   

Cash received from (paid in) acquisition of business, net of cash acquired

        (388,578     5,729   

Cash received from disposal of business, net of cash transferred

        48,949        5,962   

Other, net

        (13,044     7,310   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

  (3,745,182   (8,751,670

Cash flows from financing activities

  41   

Proceeds from borrowings

  2,522,495      5,098,702   

Repayment of borrowings

  (2,802,150   (2,845,957

Proceeds from short-term borrowings, net

  1,037,912      86,475   

Payment of cash dividends

  (677,000   (648,580

Proceeds from issuance of hybrid bonds

  —        1,495,387   

Payment of interest of hybrid bonds

  (69,713   (26,088

Increase in non-controlling interests

  54,066      363,044   

Proceeds from disposal of treasury shares

  43,188      14,019   

Other, net

  26,314      (4,666
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

  135,112      3,532,336   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate fluctuation on cash held

  11,545      (110,765
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

  (186,426   (471,964

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period

  4,208,562      4,680,526   

Cash and cash equivalents classified as assets held for sale

  10      (210,934   —     
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period

3,811,202      4,208,562   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

9


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

1. General Information

General information about POSCO, its 47 domestic subsidiaries including POSCO Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., 181 foreign subsidiaries including POSCO America Corporation (collectively “the Company”) and its 97 associates and joint ventures are as follows:

 

(a) The controlling company

POSCO, the controlling company, was incorporated on April 1, 1968, under the Commercial Code of the Republic of Korea to manufacture and sell steel rolled products and plates in the domestic and foreign markets.

The shares of POSCO have been listed on the Korea Exchange since 1988. POSCO owns and operates two steel plants (Pohang and Gwangyang) and one office in Korea and it also operates internationally through seven of its overseas liaison offices.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, POSCO’s shareholders are as follows:

 

     2014      2013  

Shareholder’s name

   Number of shares      Ownership(%)      Number of shares      Ownership(%)  

National Pension Service

     7,203,493         8.26         6,577,907         7.54   

Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation(*1)

     4,394,712         5.04         4,394,712         5.04   

Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

     2,109,593         2.42         948,477         1.09   

Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries(*2)

     1,319,560         1.51         2,197,707         2.52   

Pohang University of Science and Technology

     1,905,000         2.18         1,905,000         2.18   

KB Financial Group Inc. and subsidiaries(*2)

     1,847,438         2.12         1,846,994         2.12   

Others

     68,407,039         78.47         69,316,038         79.51   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  87,186,835      100.00      87,186,835      100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation owns American Depository Receipts (ADRs) of POSCO, each of which represents 0.25 share of POSCO’s common share which has par value of ₩5,000 per share.
(*2) Includes shares held by subsidiaries pursuant to Articles of Incorporation.

As of December 31, 2014, the shares of POSCO are listed on the Korea Exchange, while its depository shares are listed on the New York, Tokyo and London Stock Exchanges.

 

10


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Consolidated subsidiaries

Details of consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

    

Principal Operations

   Ownership (%)       
        December 31, 2014      December 31, 2013       
      POSCO      Subsidiaries      Total      POSCO      Subsidiaries      Total      Region

[Domestic]

                       

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD.

   Engineering and construction      89.53         —           89.53         89.53         —           89.53       Pohang

POSCO Processing & Service

   Steel sales and service      96.01         —           96.01         95.31         —           95.31       Seoul

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

   Coated steel manufacturing      56.87         —           56.87         56.87         —           56.87       Pohang

POSCO ICT

   Computer hardware and software distribution      65.38         —           65.38         65.38         —           65.38       Seongnam

POSCO Research Institute

  

Economic research

and consulting

     100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Seoul

POSMATE

   Business facility maintenance      57.25         11.05         68.30         54.46         11.77         66.23       Suncheon

POSCO A&C

   Architecture and consulting      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Seoul

POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing and sales      72.09         —           72.09         72.09         —           72.09       Changwon

POSCO Venture Capital Co., Ltd.

   Investment in venture companies      95.00         —           95.00         95.00         —           95.00       Pohang

eNtoB Corporation

   Electronic commerce      —           62.39         62.39         32.19         30.20         62.39       Seoul

POSCO CHEMTECH

  

Manufacturing and sellings of

refractories

     60.00         —           60.00         60.00         —           60.00       Pohang

POSCO-Terminal Co., Ltd.

   Transporting and warehousing      51.00         —           51.00         51.00         —           51.00       Gwangyang

POSCO M-TECH(*1)

   Packing materials manufacturing      48.85         —           48.85         48.85         —           48.85       Pohang

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

   Generation of electricity      89.02         —           89.02         89.02         —           89.02       Seoul

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

   Component manufacturing      —           74.56         74.56         34.20         40.36         74.56       Cheonan

POSCO NIPPON STEEL RHF JOINT VENTURE. CO., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing and sales      70.00         —           70.00         70.00         —           70.00       Pohang

MegaAsset Co., Ltd.

   Real estate rental and sales Construction and      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Cheonan

POSCO Engineering CO., Ltd

  

engineering service

     —           95.56         95.56         —           95.56         95.56       Seongnam

POSCO AST

   Steel manufacturing and sales      —           100.00         100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Ansan

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing and sales      65.00         —           65.00         65.00         —           65.00       Gwangyang

Poscoene

  

Handling & disposal of waste

matter

     —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Seoul

POSFINE Co., Ltd.

  

Non metallic minerals

manufacturing

     69.23         —           69.23         69.23         —           69.23       Gwangyang

POSCO Humans

   Construction      90.30         —           90.30         90.30         —           90.30       Pohang

Mapo Hibroad Parking co., Ltd.

   Construction      —           71.00         71.00         —           71.00         71.00       Seoul

Steel Processing and Fabricating Center Co., LTD

   Steel manufacturing      —           84.89         84.89         —           70.52         70.52       Gwangyang

Plant Engineering service Technology Co., Ltd.

   Engineering service      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Pohang

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

  

Steel work maintenance and

machinery installation

     60.84         13.10         73.94         —           —           —         Pohang

Busan E&E Co,. Ltd.

  

Handling & disposal of waste

matter

     70.00         —           70.00         70.00         —           70.00       Busan

POSCO Family Strategy Fund

   Financial investment      60.79         39.21         100.00         60.79         39.21         100.00       Pohang

POREKA Co., Ltd.

   Advertising agency      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Seoul

Daewoo International Corporation

  

Trading and Energy & Resource

development

     60.31         —           60.31         60.31         —           60.31       Seoul

POSCO LED Co., Ltd.

   LED lightening      16.70         63.30         80.00         16.70         63.30         80.00       Seongnam

Pohang Scrap Recycling Distribution Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel processing and sales      —           51.00         51.00         —           51.00         51.00       Pohang

PSC Energy Global Co., Ltd.

   Investment in energy industry      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Pohang

Suncheon Eco Trans Co., Ltd

  

Train manufacturing &

management

     100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Suncheon

New Altec Co., Ltd

  

Aluminum products

manufacturing and sales

     —           60.10         60.10         —           60.10         60.10       Incheon

PONUTech Co., Ltd.

  

Nuclear power plant design and

repair service

     —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Ulsan

Tamra Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd

   Cogeneration plant operation      —           64.00         64.00         —           64.00         64.00       Jeju

POS-HiAL

  

Aluminum products

manufacturing and sales

     —           51.00         51.00         —           51.00         51.00       Youngam

IT Engineering(*2)

   Automotive engineering service      —           17.00         17.00         —           17.00         17.00       Seoul

Future Creation Fund Postech Early Stage account(*2)

   Investment in venture companies      —           40.00         40.00         —           —           —         Seoul

Keystone Private Equity

   Investment in New Regeneration Energy      —           55.12         55.12         —           —           —         Seoul

POSCO Green Gas Technology

   Gas manufacturing and Plumber      100.00         —           100.00         —           —           —         Gwangyang

POSCO WOMAN’S FUND(*2)

   Investment in venture companies      —           40.00         40.00         —           —           —         Seoul

Chun Sa wind

   Other development      —           100.00         100.00         —           —           —         Seoul

POSPOWER CO., Ltd.

   Other development      —           100.00         100.00         —           —           —         Samchuck

Songdo Posco family Housing

   House manufacturing and management      —           100.00         100.00         —           —           —         Incheon

 

11


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

    

Principal Operations

   Ownership (%)       
        December 31, 2014      December 31, 2013       
      POSCO      Subsidiaries      Total      POSCO      Subsidiaries      Total      Region

[Foreign]

                       

POSCO America Corporation

   Steel trading      99.45         0.55         100.00         99.45         0.55         100.00       USA

POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

   Iron ore sales & mine development      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Australia

POSCO Canada Ltd.

   Coal sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Canada

POSCAN Elkveiw Coal Ltd.

   Coal sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Canada

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

   Steel and raw material trading      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Hongkong

POSCO-CTPC Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      56.60         43.40         100.00         56.60         43.40         100.00       China

POSCO-JKPC Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      —           89.18         89.18         —           95.00         95.00       Japan

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CENTER CORPORATION

   Leasing service      —           —           —           —           60.00         60.00       Vietnam

POSCO E&C Vietnam Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Vietnam

Zhangjiagang Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

   Stainless steel manufacturing      58.60         23.88         82.48         58.60         23.88         82.48       China

POSCO (Guangdong) Steel Co., Ltd.

   Plating steel sheet manufacturing      87.04         10.04         97.08         87.04         10.04         97.08       China

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

   Steel manufacturing      85.62         14.38         100.00         85.62         14.38         100.00       Thailand

Myanmar POSCO Steel Co., Ltd

   Zinc relief manufacturing      70.00         —           70.00         70.00         —           70.00       Myanmar

POSCO-JOPC Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      —           —           —           —           56.84         56.84       Japan

POSCO Investment Co., Ltd.

   Financial Service      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Hongkong

POSCO-MKPC SDN BHD

   Steel manufacturing      44.69         25.31         70.00         44.69         25.31         70.00       Malaysia

Qingdao Pohang Stainless

   Stainless steel manufacturing      70.00         30.00         100.00         70.00         30.00         100.00       China

POSCO (Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      90.00         10.00         100.00         90.00         10.00         100.00       China

POSCO BIOVENTURES I, L.P.

   Bio tech Industry      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       USA

PT. POSNESIA Stainless Steel Industry

   Steel manufacturing      70.00         —           70.00         70.00         —           70.00       Indonesia

POSEC Hawaii, Inc.

   Real estate Industry      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       USA

POSCO-China Qingdao Processing Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

POS-ORE PTY LTD

   Iron ore sales & mine development      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Australia

POSCO-China Holding Corp.

   Holding company      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       China

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

   Steel trading      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Japan

POS-CD PTY LTD

   Coal sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Australia

POS-GC PTY LTD

   Coal sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Australia

POSCO-India Private Limited

   Steel manufacturing      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       India

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      65.00         —           65.00         65.00         —           65.00       India

POSCO-JEPC Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      —           88.02         88.02         —           88.02         88.02       Japan

POSCO-CFPC Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      39.60         60.40         100.00         39.60         60.40         100.00       China

POSCO E&C CHINA Co., Ltd.

   Construction and civil engineering      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

POSCO MPPC S.A. de C.V.

   Steel manufacturing      —           95.00         95.00         —           95.00         95.00       Mexico

Zhangjigang Pohang Port Co., Ltd.

   Loading and unloading service      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

Qingdao Pos-metal Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      85.00         —           85.00         85.00         —           85.00       Vietnam

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

   Automotive steel sheet manufacturing      84.84         15.16         100.00         84.84         15.16         100.00       Mexico

POSCO India Delhi Steel Processing Centre Private Limited

   Steel manufacturing      66.40         10.00         76.40         66.40         10.00         76.40       India

POSCO-Poland Wroclaw Processing Center Sp. z o. o.

   Steel manufacturing      60.00         —           60.00         60.00         —           60.00       Poland

POS-NP PTY LTD

   Coal sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Australia

POSCO-Vietnam Processing Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      87.10         5.00         92.10         91.63         —           91.63       Vietnam

POSCO (Chongqing) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      90.00         10.00         100.00         90.00         10.00         100.00       China

SUZHOU POSCO-CORE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

   Component manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

POSCO-Malaysia SDN. BHD.

   Steel manufacturing      81.79         13.63         95.42         80.07         13.34         93.41       Malaysia

POS-Minerals Corporation

   Mine development & sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       USA

POSCO(Wuhu) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      68.57         31.43         100.00         68.57         31.43         100.00       China

POSCO Engineering and Construction India Private Limited

   Construction and engineering      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       India

POSCO E&C SMART S DE RL DE CV

   Construction and engineering      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Mexico

POSCO Philippine Manila Processing Center, Inc.

   Steel manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Philippines

POSCO Gulf SFC LLC

   Steel manufacturing      —           81.93         81.93         —           81.93         81.93       UAE

Dalian POSCO ICT-DONGFANG Engineering Co., Ltd.

   Electric control equipment manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

SANPU TRADING Co., Ltd.

   Raw material trading      —           70.00         70.00         —           70.00         70.00       China

Zhangjiagang BLZ Pohang International Trading

   Steel transit trading      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

POSCO MEXICO HUMAN TECH S.A. de C.V.

   Service      80.00         20.00         100.00         80.00         20.00         100.00       Mexico

POSCO MESDC S.A. DE C.V.

   Steel product sales      —           56.80         56.80         —           56.80         56.80       Mexico

POSCO ICT-China

   IT service and DVR business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

DWEMEX, S.A.DE.C.V.

   Construction      —           99.00         99.00         —           99.00         99.00       Mexico

POSCO MPC Servicios S.A. de C.V.

   Steel manufacturing      —           61.00         61.00         —           61.00         61.00       Mexico

POSCO-Uruguay S.A

   Lumber manufacturing & sales      98.10         —           98.10         98.00         —           98.00       Uruguay

Pos-Sea Pte Ltd

   Steel transit trading      —           67.54         67.54         —           67.54         67.54       Singapore

POSCO Europe Steel Distribution Center

   Steel product sales      50.00         20.00         70.00         50.00         20.00         70.00       Slovenia

VECTUS LIMITED

   PRT test track construction      —           99.69         99.69         —           99.57         99.57       England

Zeus(Cayman)

   Service      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Cayman
Islands

POSCO VST CO., LTD.

   Stainless steel manufacturing      95.65         —           95.65         95.65         —           95.65       Vietnam

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

   Steel manufacturing      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       India

 

12


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

    

Principal Operations

   Ownership (%)       
        December 31, 2014      December 31, 2013       
      POSCO      Subsidiaries      Total      POSCO      Subsidiaries      Total      Region

[Foreign]

                       

POSCO India Chennai Steel Processing Centre Pvt.Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       India

POSCO TNPC Otomotiv Celik San. Ve Tic. A.S

   Steel manufacturing      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Turkey

POSCO Vietnam Ha Noi Processing Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      70.00         —           70.00         70.00         —           70.00       Vietnam

POSCO (Liaoning) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      90.00         10.00         100.00         90.00         10.00         100.00       China

POSCO-Indonesia Jakarta Processing Center

   Steel manufacturing      65.00         20.00         85.00         65.00         20.00         85.00       Indonesia

POSCO E&C VENEZUELA C.A.

   Construction and engineering      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Venezuela

Motta Resources Indonesia

   Mine development      65.00         —           65.00         65.00         —           65.00       Indonesia

POSCO TMC INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

   Steel manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       India

POSCO America Alabama Processing Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       USA

PT PEN INDONESIA

   Construction      —           67.00         67.00         —           95.00         95.00       Indonesia

POSCO (Yantai) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      90.00         10.00         100.00         90.00         10.00         100.00       China

POSCO India Steel Distribution Center Private Ltd.

   Steel logistics      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       India

POSCO China Dalian Plate Processing Center Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      80.00         10.00         90.00         80.00         10.00         90.00       China

POSCO-South Asia Company Limited

   Steel product sales      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Thailand

POSCO SS-VINA

   Steel manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Vietnam

POSCO-NCR Coal Ltd.

   Coal sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Canada

POSCO WA PTY LTD

   Iron ore sales & mine development      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Australia

POSCO Engineering and Construction—UZ

   Construction      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Uzbekistan

POSCO AUSTRALIA GP PTY LIMITED

   Resource development      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Australia

Daewoo International (America) Corp.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       USA

Daewoo International (Deutschland) GmbH.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Germany

Daewoo International Japan Corp.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Japan

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE. LTD.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Singapore

Daewoo Italia S.r.l.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Italy

Daewoo (China) Co., Ltd.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

DAEWOO TEXTILE FERGANA LLC

   Textile manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Uzbekistan

DAEWOO TEXTILE BUKHARA LLC

   Textile manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Uzbekistan

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL AUSTRALIA HOLDINGS PTY LTD

   Resource development      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Australia

Daewoo Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

   Paper manufacturing      —           66.70         66.70         —           66.70         66.70       China

Tianjin Daewoo Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

   Paper manufacturing      —           68.30         68.30         —           68.30         68.30       China

POSCO MAURITIUS LIMITED

   Coal development and sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Mauritius

PT. KRAKATAU POSCO

   Steel manufacturing      70.00         —           70.00         70.00         —           70.00       Indonesia

Myanmar Daewoo Limited

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Myanmar

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Mexico

Daewoo International Guangzhou Corp.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

Daewoo (M) SDN. BHD.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Malaysia

Daewoo EL SALVADOR S.A. DE C.V.

   Trading business      —           88.00         88.00         —           88.00         88.00       El Salvador

POSCO (Zhangjiagang) STS Processing Center Co., Ltd

   Steel manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

Daewoo International (M) SDN BHD

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Malaysia

Daewoo International SHANGHAI CO., LTD.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

DAEWOO POWER AND INFRA (PTY) LTD.

   Electricity      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Republic of
South
Africa

PGSF, L.P.

   Investment in Bio tech Industry      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       USA

Xenesys Inc.

   Power generation equipment manufacturing      29.58         21.35         50.93         29.58         21.35         50.93       Japan

Daewoo International INDIA Private Ltd.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       India

TECHREN Solar, LLC

   Electrical Industry      —           99.92         99.92         —           99.92         99.92       USA

PT. POSCO E&C INDONESIA

   Construction      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Indonesia

HUME COAL PTY LTD

   Raw material manufacturing      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Australia

POSCO FOUNDATION

   Non-profit charitable organization      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       India

EPC EQUITIES LLP

   Construction      —           80.00         80.00         —           70.00         70.00       England

SANTOS CMI CONSTRUCTION TRADING LLP

   Construction      —           99.90         99.90         —           99.90         99.90       England

SANTOS CMI INC. USA

   Construction      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       USA

SANTOS CMI ENGENHARIA E CONSTRUCOES LTDA

   Construction      —           99.98         99.98         —           99.98         99.98       Brazil

SANTOS CMI PERU S.A.

   Construction      —           99.99         99.99         —           99.99         99.99       Peru

SANTOS CMI CONSTRUCCIONES S.A.

   Construction      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Uruguay

GENTECH INTERNATIONAL INC.

   Construction      —           90.00         90.00         —           90.00         90.00       Panama

EPC INVESTMENTS C.V.

   Construction      —           99.99         99.99         —           99.99         99.99       Netherlands

SANTOSCMI S.A.

   Construction      —           80.00         80.00         —           70.00         70.00       Ecuador

SANTOSCMI CONSTRUCCIONES DE CHILE S.A.

   Construction      —           99.00         99.00         —           99.00         99.00       Chile

S&K -SANTOSCMI S.A. DE C.V.

   Construction      —           —           —           —           99.00         99.00       Mexico

COMPANIADEAUTOMATIZACION & CONTROL, GENESYS S.A.

   Construction      —           90.00         90.00         —           90.00         90.00       Ecuador

VAUTIDAMERICAS S.A.

   Construction      —           51.00         51.00         —           51.00         51.00       Ecuador

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DO BRAZIL LTDA.

   Construction      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Brazil

POSCO Electrical Steel India Private Limited

   Electrical Steel manufacturing      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       India

Daewoo International Cameroon S.A.

   Resource Development      —           —           —           —           100.00         100.00       Cameroon

 

13


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

    

Principal Operations

   Ownership (%)       
        December 31, 2014      December 31, 2013       
      POSCO      Subsidiaries      Total      POSCO      Subsidiaries      Total      Region

[Foreign]

                       

POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY

   Steel manufacturing      60.00         10.00         70.00         60.00         10.00         70.00       Turkey

HONG KONG POSCO E&C (CHINA)

   Investment      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Hongkong

INVESTMENT Co., Ltd.

                       

POSCO Klappan Coal Ltd.

   Coal sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Canada

DAESAN (CAMBODIA) Co., Ltd.

   Investment      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Cambodia

Brazil Sao Paulo Steel Processing Center

   Steel manufacturing      —           76.00         76.00         —           76.00         76.00       Brazil

POSCO(Dalian) IT Center Development Co., Ltd.

   Investment      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

PT. POSCO RESOURCES INDONESIA

   Mine development      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Indonesia

PT. POSCO ICT INDONESIA

   IT service and Electric Control Engineering      —           66.99         66.99         —           66.99         66.99       Indonesia

PT. POSCO MTECH INDONESIA

   Steel manufacturing      —           71.43         71.43         —           60.00         60.00       Indonesia

PT. KRAKATAU POSCO ENERGY

   Manufacturing & management      —           90.00         90.00         —           90.00         90.00       Indonesia

POSCO RUS LLC

   Trading business      90.00         10.00         100.00         90.00         10.00         100.00       Russia

POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited

   Steel manufacturing      84.93         —           84.93         84.93         —           84.93       Thailand

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SHANGHAI WAIGAOQIAO CO., LTD.

   Merchandising trade      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

PT. Bio Inti Agrindo

   Forest resources development      —           85.00         85.00         —           85.00         85.00       Indonesia

POSCO ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

   Iron ore sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Australia

POSCO-TISCO (JILIN) PROCESSING CENTER Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing      50.00         10.00         60.00         50.00         10.00         60.00       China

Hunchun Posco Hyundai International Logistics Complex Development Co., Ltd

   Logistics      —           80.00         80.00         —           72.93         72.93       China

USA-SRDC

   Scrap sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       USA

Daewoo International Vietnam Co., Ltd.

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Vietnam

PT. Krakatau Posco Chemtech Calcination

   Manufacturing and selling of quicklime      —           80.00         80.00         —           80.00         80.00       Indonesia

POSCO AFRICA (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

   Trading business      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Republic of
South
Africa

EPC INGENIERIA & SERVICIOS DE COSTA RICA SA

   Construction and engineering service      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Costa Rica

POSCO ICT BRASIL

   IT service and engineering      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Brazil

LA-SRDC

   Scrap manufacturing      —           68.41         68.41         —           68.41         68.41       USA

DONG FANG JIN HONG

   Real estate development, rental and management      —           99.00         99.00         —           99.00         99.00       China

PRODUCTOS OFERTAS SISTEMAS Y COMERCIALIZADORA ORIENTAL S DE RL DE CV

   Steel manufacturing and sales      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Mexico

POSCO(Guangdong) Automotive Steel Co., Ltd.

   Steel manufacturing and sales      83.64         10.00         93.64         83.64         10.00         93.64       China

POSCO MAPC SA DE CV

   Steel manufacturing and sales      80.00         20.00         100.00         80.00         20.00         100.00       Mexico

POSCO AMERICA COMERCIALIZADORA S DE RL DE CV

   Human-resource service      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Mexico

POSCO ENGINEERING (THAILAND) CO., LTD.(*2)

   Chemical plant      —           48.90         48.90         —           48.90         48.90       Thailand

POSCO YongXin Rare Earth Metal Co., Ltd.

   Magnet material manufacturing and sales      —           51.67         51.67         —           51.67         51.67       China

POSCO-Mory-Maruyasu PIPE

   Common steel welded pipe manufacturing and selling      —           50.00         50.00         —           50.00         50.00       Japan

PT KRAKATAU BLUE WATER

   Wastewater treatment facilities operation and maintenance      —           67.00         67.00         —           67.00         67.00       Indonesia

KRAKATAU POS-CHEM DONG-SUH CHEMICAL(*2)

   Chemical by-product manufacturing and sales      —           45.00         45.00         —           45.00         45.00       Indonesia

Myanmar Daewoo International Corporation

   Trading business      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Myanmar

POSCO-Italy Processing Center

   Stainless steel sheet manufacturing and sales      80.00         10.00         90.00         80.00         10.00         90.00       Italy

DAEWOO E&P CANADA CORPORATION

   Crude oil and natural gas mining      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Canada

Yingkou Puxiang Trade Co., Ltd.

   Refractory quality test and import and export trade      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       China

Myanmar POSCO C&C Company, Limited.

   Steel manufacturing and sales IT service and electric control      —           70.00         70.00         —           70.00         70.00       Myanmar

POSCO ICT VIETNAM

   engineering      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Vietnam

Daewoo Global Development. Pte., Ltd

   Real estate development      —           51.00         51.00         —           51.00         51.00       Myanmar

Myanmar POSCO Engineering & Construction Company, Limited.

   Construction and engineering service      —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00         100.00       Myanmar

POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD.

   Automotive steel sheet manufacturing and sales      100.00         —           100.00         100.00         —           100.00       Thailand

POSCO China Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd (formerly, POSCO-SAMSUNG Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd.)

   Steel manufacturing      30.00         70.00         100.00         —           —           —         China

Hanjung Power Pty., Ltd

   Electricity production      —           100.00         100.00         —           —           —         Papua
New Guinea

Daewoo Amara Company Limited

   Real estate development      —           98.54         98.54         —           —           —         Myanmar

POSMATE-CHINA CO., LTD

   Business facility maintenance      —           100.00         100.00         —           —           —         China

Daewoo Precious Resources Co., Ltd.

   Resources development      —           60.00         60.00         —           —           —         Myanmar

POSCO-Mexico Villagran Wire-rod Processing Center

   Steel manufacturing      56.75         10.00         66.75         —           —           —         Mexico

SANTOS CMI Guatemala S.A.

   Construction      —           99.00         99.00         —           —           —         Guatemala

POSCO-China Dalian Steel Fabricating Center

   Steel manufacturing      42.16         25.39         67.55         —           —           —         China

POSCO E&C HOLDINGS CO., Ltd.

   Holding company      —           100.00         100.00         —           —           —         Thailand

POSCO E&C (THAILAND) CO., Ltd.

   Construction      —           100.00         100.00         —           —           —         Thailand

SUNGJIN CANADA LTD.

   Machinery installation      —           70.00         70.00         —           —           —         Canada

POSCO PLANTEC Thailand CO. LTD(*2)

   Steel work maintenance and machinery installation      —           48.78         48.78         —           —           —         Thailand

DAEWOO POWER PNG Ltd.

   Electricity production      —           100.00         100.00         —           —           —         Papua

New Guinea

 

14


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(*1) Included as a subsidiary as the Company has the power over more than half of the voting rights by virtue of an agreement with Postech, which has a 4.72% ownership interest.
(*2) These subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements as the controlling company has control over them in consideration of the board of directors’ composition and others.

The amounts recognized in equity as a result of changes in the Company’s ownership interests in subsidiaries that did not result in a loss of control (2014: POSCO P&S Co., Ltd., SPFC Co., Ltd. etc.,; 2013: POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd., POSCO ICT Co., Ltd., POSCO TMC Co., Ltd. etc.) were ₩9,401 million and ₩31,417 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

As of December 31, 2014, there are no restrictions on the ability of subsidiaries to transfer funds to the controlling company, such as in the form of cash dividends, repayment of loans or payment of advances.

 

15


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(c) Summarized financial information of subsidiaries as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

  1) December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)                              

Company

  Assets     Liabilities     Equity (deficit)     Sales     Net income (loss)  

[Domestic]

         

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

  6,566,784        3,594,334        2,972,450        7,514,710        13,353   

POSCO Processing&Service

    1,297,049        425,568        871,481        3,162,892        (14,418

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

    423,833        257,365        166,468        801,982        (1,881

POSCO ICT

    721,006        298,718        422,288        921,524        20,327   

POSCO Research Institute

    37,511        10,118        27,393        59,851        897   

POSMATE (formerly, Seoung Gwang Co., Ltd.)

    243,499        64,530        178,969        132,292        9,892   

POSCO A&C

    86,469        53,203        33,266        189,401        (6,755

POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.

    1,693,511        744,776        948,735        1,261,374        (20,126

POSTECH Venture Capital Co., Ltd.

    163,045        52,034        111,011        16,074        4,073   

eNtoB Corporation

    96,251        61,188        35,063        694,731        2,468   

POSCO CHEMTECH

    645,782        138,334        507,448        1,330,564        70,544   

POSCO-Terminal Co., Ltd.

    155,298        14,379        140,919        116,449        18,153   

POSCO M-TECH

    220,770        171,484        49,286        437,995        (100,718

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

    4,645,722        3,061,231        1,584,491        2,533,673        19,254   

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

    212,215        124,789        87,426        320,403        (3,418

POSCO NIPPON STEEL RHF JOINT VENTURE.CO., Ltd.

    129,227        77,319        51,908        64,879        5,061   

MegaAsset Co., Ltd.

    96,884        51,690        45,194        97,793        (3,489

POSCO Engineering CO., Ltd

    568,164        398,179        169,985        928,505        1,308   

POSCO AST

    494,743        349,438        145,305        621,944        (7,146

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

    348,050        353,470        (5,420     186,634        (14,184

Poscoene

    39,990        17,647        22,343        33,140        (12

POSFINE Co., Ltd.

    53,556        40,662        12,894        22,489        (506

POSCO Humans

    15,784        7,791        7,993        32,998        (1,451

Mapo Hibroad Parking co., Ltd.

    1,541        323        1,218        —          (27

Steel Processing and Fabricating Center Co., LTD

    150,587        84,928        65,659        176,558        (7,051

Plant Engineering service Technology Co., Ltd.

    11,255        4,532        6,723        21,052        3,406   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

    745,763        529,904        215,859        618,580        (279,217

Busan E&E Co,. Ltd.

    97,734        57,278        40,456        22,096        897   

POSCO Family Strategy Fund

    53,144        —          53,144        1,249        (9,495

POREKA Co., Ltd.

    19,791        15,924        3,867        20,477        (175

Daewoo International Corporation

    8,631,129        6,287,212        2,343,917        19,938,097        173,421   

POSCO LED Co., Ltd.

    47,561        46,154        1,407        50,005        (5,718

Pohang Scrap Recycling Distribution Center Co., Ltd.

    16,938        326        16,612        3,994        426   

PSC Energy Global Co., Ltd.

    108,792        8        108,784        —          (4,138

Suncheon Eco Trans Co., Ltd

    69,362        46,226        23,136        1,295        (5,098

New Altec Co., Ltd

    128,050        33,347        94,703        72,145        (1,867

PONUTech Co., Ltd.

    110,739        84,288        26,451        48,581        (8,047

Tamra Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd

    26,881        12        26,869        —          141   

POS-HiAL

    60,794        53,068        7,726        1,445        (8,576

IT Engineering

    6,002        2,274        3,728        7,666        51   

Future Creation Fund Postech Early Stage account

    16,590        3        16,587        98        (659

Keystone Private Equity

    24,139        107        24,032        —          (4,143

POSCO Green Gas Technology

    894,226        214,915        679,311        —          (3,289

POSCO WOMAN’S FUND

    2,916        1        2,915        21        (85

POSPOWER CO., Ltd.

    79,222        1,911        77,311        —          (1,190

Songdo Posco family Housing

    69,125        68,135        990        —          (10

 

16


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                              

Company

  Assets     Liabilities     Equity (deficit)     Sales     Net income (loss)  

[Foreign]

         

POSCO America Corporation

  515,212        451,641        63,571        921,052        (17,185

POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

    720,400        59,585        660,815        91,250        78,401   

POSCO Canada Ltd.

    585,737        75,284        510,453        142,286        41,083   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

    1,064,932        1,018,268        46,664        3,561,754        5,570   

POSCO-CTPC Co., Ltd.

    106,837        67,556        39,281        138,102        2,145   

POSCO-JKPC Co., Ltd.

    105,381        85,664        19,717        216,557        990   

POSCO E&C Vietnam Co., Ltd.

    266,220        203,011        63,209        493,472        14,905   

Zhangjiagang Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

    1,353,790        837,341        516,449        3,022,527        7,336   

POSCO (Guangdong) Steel Co., Ltd.

    115,250        72,510        42,740        185,880        (2,397

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

    111,616        66,827        44,789        169,822        (356

Myanmar POSCO Steel Co., Ltd

    19,206        846        18,360        15,393        1,058   

POSCO Investment Co., Ltd.

    852,003        742,198        109,805        14,865        5,302   

POSCO-MKPC SDN BHD

    114,638        72,849        41,789        162,687        (1,682

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

    192,701        107,717        84,984        347,484        (7,313

POSCO (Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    373,257        248,405        124,852        460,216        8,821   

POSCO BIOVENTURES I, L.P.

    7,016        41        6,975        351        (992

PT. POSNESIA Stainless Steel Industry

    12,080        —          12,080        —          29   

POSEC Hawaii, Inc.

    280        5        275        —          (43

POSCO-China Qingdao Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    53,358        37,951        15,407        99,795        557   

POS-ORE PTY LTD

    22,757        13,589        9,168        112,323        32,629   

POSCO-China Holding Corp.

    430,973        173,012        257,961        220,376        880   

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

    631,040        520,718        110,322        1,440,254        13,854   

POS-CD PTY LTD

    29,252        13,661        15,591        11,873        (24,933

POS-GC PTY LTD

    46,289        42,339        3,950        3,354        (6,004

POSCO-India Private Limited

    118,083        1,186        116,897        —          71   

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

    194,840        187,259        7,581        335,847        3,356   

POSCO-JEPC Co., Ltd.

    155,248        137,364        17,884        283,836        1,558   

POSCO-CFPC Co., Ltd.

    211,258        165,223        46,035        638,272        1,289   

POSCO E&C CHINA Co., Ltd.

    275,313        201,973        73,340        319,427        17,504   

POSCO MPPC S.A. de C.V.

    236,416        202,138        34,278        348,507        2,985   

Zhangjigang Pohang Port Co., Ltd.

    22,145        5,567        16,578        6,167        516   

Qingdao Pos-metal Co., Ltd.

    5,368        5,838        (470     34,511        72   

POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd.

    558,841        532,066        26,775        645,269        (6,334

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

    806,888        598,459        208,429        492,045        168   

POSCO India Delhi Steel Processing Centre Private Limited

    119,803        113,271        6,532        170,150        (1,348

POSCO-Poland Wroclaw Processing Center Sp. z o. o.

    38,960        21,430        17,530        49,446        73   

POS-NP PTY LTD

    36,662        21,434        15,228        17,092        (14,860

POSCO-Vietnam Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    128,334        100,033        28,301        208,533        1,147   

POSCO(Chongqing) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    94,082        67,088        26,994        128,069        3,392   

SUZHOU POSCO-CORE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

    54,488        30,627        23,861        88,534        (1,001

POSCO-Malaysia SDN. BHD.

    76,452        87,145        (10,693     112,578        (5,933

POS-Minerals Corporation

    228,578        132,804        95,774        —          (5,999

POSCO (Wuhu) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    89,252        45,002        44,250        127,266        2,487   

POSCO Engineering and Construction India Private Limited

    13,444        4,737        8,707        39,427        1,564   

POSCO E&C SMART S DE RL DE CV

    14,365        10,040        4,325        4,077        730   

POSCO Philippine Manila Processing Center, Inc.

    25,367        14,501        10,866        30,918        577   

POSCO China Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd (formerly, POSCO-SAMSUNG Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd.)

    20,079        15,150        4,929        28,466        (308

POSCO Gulf SFC LLC

    73,679        70,267        3,412        32,464        (2,090

Dalian POSCO ICT-DONGFANG Engineering Co., Ltd.

    4,388        1,952        2,436        7,436        77   

SANPU TRADING Co., Ltd.

    1,859        —          1,859        69        23   

Zhangjiagang BLZ Pohang International Trading

    10,683        5,421        5,262        67,936        180   

POSCO MEXICO HUMAN TECH S.A. de C.V.

    1,314        1,129        185        10,209        72   

POSCO MESDC S.A. DE C.V.

    11,772        277        11,495        6,865        361   

 

17


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                              

Company

  Assets     Liabilities     Equity (deficit)     Sales     Net income (loss)  

[Foreign]

         

POSCO ICT-China

  5,465        4,484        981        11,439        347   

DWEMEX, S.A.DE.C.V.

    169        25        144        —          (8

POSCO MPC Servicios S.A. de C.V.

    1,403        1,121        282        7,449        28   

POSCO-Uruguay S.A

    21,408        168        21,240        8        (482

Pos-Sea Pte Ltd

    43,343        43,168        175        200,491        (2,505

POSCO Europe Steel Distribution Center

    7,880        1,382        6,498        15,151        693   

POSCO ENGINEERING (THAILAND) CO., LTD.

    47,197        44,170        3,027        118,897        2,202   

VECTUS LIMITED

    1,942        12,272        (10,330     3,252        1,993   

POSCO VST CO., LTD.

    345,119        320,642        24,477        414,452        (4,416

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

    1,408,178        1,210,616        197,562        376,207        (26,742

POSCO India Chennai Steel Processing Centre Pvt.Ltd.

    115,574        104,350        11,224        173,873        2,426   

POSCO TNPC Otomotiv Celik San. Ve Tic. A.S

    38,009        31,066        6,943        48,985        56   

POSCO Vietnam Ha Noi Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    68,454        60,593        7,861        149,408        1,047   

POSCO (Liaoning) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    90,145        58,957        31,188        155,931        4,184   

POSCO-Indonesia Jakarta Processing Center

    102,635        86,082        16,553        72,998        (1,175

POSCO E&C VENEZUELA C.A.

    160        6        154        —          (189

Motta Resources Indonesia

    3,723        18,391        (14,668     —          (367

POSCO TMC INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

    12,037        10,250        1,787        21,278        (128

POSCO America Alabama Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    50,401        37,403        12,998        102,543        620   

PT PEN INDONESIA

    8,758        17,293        (8,535     14,765        (10,701

POSCO (Yantai) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    68,503        47,304        21,199        91,994        2,783   

POSCO India Steel Distribution Center Private Ltd.

    12,750        10,419        2,331        31,734        650   

POSCO China Dalian Plate Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    117,991        104,670        13,321        40,761        (7,434

POSCO-South Asia Company Limited

    14,189        231        13,958        9,460        605   

POSCO SS-VINA

    670,244        422,339        247,905        —          (8,422

POSCO WA PTY LTD

    450,307        8        450,299        —          (6,957

POSCO Engineering and Construction—UZ

    5,479        4,394        1,085        2,967        222   

POSCO AUSTRALIA GP PTY LIMITED

    26,521        3        26,518        —          (11,381

POSCO YongXin Rare Earth Metal Co., Ltd.

    76,178        96,493        (20,315     36,803        (9,979

Hanjung Power Pty., Ltd

    26,855        12,737        14,118        39,364        8,441   

Daewoo International (America) Corp.

    556,964        506,331        50,633        1,336,452        2,660   

Daewoo International (Deutschland) GmbH.

    208,781        198,442        10,339        422,239        31   

Daewoo International Japan Corp.

    262,049        256,088        5,961        762,596        311   

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE. LTD.

    197,342        193,290        4,052        1,084,755        123   

Daewoo Italia S.r.l.

    73,310        68,619        4,691        259,456        235   

Daewoo (China) Co., Ltd.

    121,588        71,510        50,078        320,028        1,275   

DAEWOO TEXTILE FERGANA LLC

    87,729        57,609        30,120        99,825        889   

DAEWOO TEXTILE BUKHARA LLC

    51,456        31,530        19,926        40,903        1,575   

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL AUSTRALIA HOLDINGS PTY LTD

    125,964        24,150        101,814        22,493        (759

Daewoo Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

    63,029        71,231        (8,202     50,188        (4,253

Tianjin Daewoo Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

    14,166        32,073        (17,907     —          —     

POSCO MAURITIUS LIMITED

    26,585        4        26,581        —          (11

PT. KRAKATAU POSCO

    3,955,121        3,131,407        823,714        1,129,977        (250,848

Myanmar Daewoo Limited

    677        692        (15     —          (180

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

    101,819        94,153        7,666        249,722        2,128   

Daewoo International Guangzhou Corp.

    6,152        5,994        158        27,280        (428

 

18


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                              

Company

  Assets     Liabilities     Equity (deficit)     Sales     Net income (loss)  

[Foreign]

         

POSCO (Zhangjiagang) STS Processing Center Co., Ltd

  73,628        59,946        13,682        395,782        375   

Daewoo International (M) SDN BHD

    39,461        36,902        2,559        102,439        314   

Daewoo International SHANGHAI CO., LTD.

    39,981        31,572        8,409        30,161        330   

PGSF, L.P.

    9,290        2        9,288        —          1,452   

Xenesys Inc.

    5,141        1,713        3,428        2,668        (1,900

Daewoo International INDIA Private Ltd.

    29,318        27,241        2,077        58,090        283   

TECHREN Solar, LLC

    106        330        (224     —          (5,623

PT. POSCO E&C INDONESIA

    22,799        9,401        13,398        54,954        7,701   

HUME COAL PTY LTD

    88,827        6,580        82,247        266        (2

POSCO FOUNDATION

    172        1        171        —          8   

EPC EQUITIES LLP

    49,096        50,173        (1,077     —          (156

SANTOS CMI CONSTRUCTION TRADING LLP

    22,371        32,738        (10,367     730        (7,661

SANTOS CMI INC. USA

    31,286        29,747        1,539        19,318        122   

SANTOS CMI ENGENHARIA E CONSTRUCOES LTDA

    22,741        30,708        (7,967     47,640        (3,300

SANTOS CMI PERU S.A.

    10,863        37,270        (26,407     1,382        (2,806

SANTOS CMI CONSTRUCCIONES S.A.

    9,888        10,399        (511     9,413        (518

GENTECH INTERNATIONAL INC.

    103        104        (1     99        (658

EPC INVESTMENTS C.V.

    —          25        (25     —          —     

SANTOSCMI S.A.

    38,264        26,176        12,088        38,840        (2,406

SANTOSCMI CONSTRUCCIONES DE CHILE S.A.

    8,545        4,591        3,954        1,172        808   

COMPANIADEAUTOMATIZACION& CONTROL, GENESYS S.A.

    7,736        4,256        3,480        12,484        25   

VAUTIDAMERICAS S.A.

    3,365        2,265        1,100        1,573        (744

POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY

    723,377        694,452        28,925        509,859        (14,543

HONG KONG POSCO E&C (CHINA) INVESTMENT Co., Ltd.

    150,088        182,662        (32,574     —          (9,418

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DO BRAZIL LTDA.

    193,998        162,790        31,208        270,082        6,263   

POSCO Electrical Steel India Private Limited

    216,877        184,643        32,234        114,433        189   

PT. POSCO RESOURCES INDONESIA

    753        34        719        719        (334

POSCO(Dalian) IT Center Development Co., Ltd.

    312,970        175,925        137,045        —          (2,134

Brazil Sao Paulo Steel Processing Center

    63,978        69,325        (5,347     34,734        (12,867

DAESAN (CAMBODIA) Co., Ltd.

    28,718        34,003        (5,285     —          6   

PT. POSCO ICT INDONESIA

    9,300        7,860        1,440        30,841        1,004   

PT. POSCO MTECH INDONESIA

    17,509        13,231        4,278        12,532        (1,026

PT. KRAKATAU POSCO ENERGY

    320,630        215,524        105,106        31,693        15,152   

POSCO RUS LLC

    10,604        9,681        923        5,496        (1,344

POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited

    421,059        122,113        298,946        475,345        3,799   

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SHANGHAI WAIGAOQIAO CO., LTD.

    21,997        21,169        828        125,707        —     

PT. Bio Inti Agrindo

    89,249        64,759        24,490        2,817        (2,048

POSCO ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

    5,788        7,330        (1,542     7,799        (3,662

POSCO-TISCO (JILIN) PROCESSING CENTER Co., Ltd.

    71,032        55,576        15,456        95,681        (1,302

Hunchun Posco Hyundai International Logistics Complex Development Co., Ltd

    85,440        49        85,391        —          (537

USA-SRDC

    419        —          419        —          (4

Daewoo International Vietnam Co., Ltd.

    5,130        835        4,295        5,951        387   

PT. Krakatau Posco Chemtech Calcination

    75,294        48,625        26,669        23,856        5,244   

POSCO AFRICA (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

    40,803        48        40,755        219        (1,048

EPC INGENIERIA & SERVICIOS DE COSTA RICA SA

    3,616        132        3,484        2,914        773   

POSCO ICT BRASIL

    5,876        7,578        (1,702     2,863        (1,416

LA-SRDC

    1,154        552        602        5,431        19   

DONG FANG JIN HONG

    470,759        298,789        171,970        —          (2,047

 

19


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                              

Company

  Assets     Liabilities     Equity (deficit)     Sales     Net income (loss)  

[Foreign]

         

PRODUCTOS OFERTAS SISTEMAS Y COMERCIALIZADORA ORIENTAL S DE RL DE CV

  79        75        4        787        3   

POSCO AMERICA COMERCIALIZADORA S DE RL DE CV

    55,653        56,127        (474     91,370        (696

POSCO(Guangdong) Automotive Steel Co., Ltd.

    384,846        258,563        126,283        237,943        (317

POSCO MAPC SA DE CV

    49,621        28,816        20,805        86,818        16   

POSCO-Mory-Maruyasu PIPE

    8,417        6,007        2,410        4,425        (1,622

PT KRAKATAU BLUE WATER

    1,470        823        647        1,369        335   

KRAKATAU POS-CHEM DONG-SUH CHEMICAL

    28,389        20,196        8,193        16,626        (591

Myanmar Daewoo International Corporation

    6,410        179        6,231        1,771        493   

POSCO-Italy Processing Center

    86,819        80,333        6,486        84,698        1,042   

DAEWOO E&P CANADA CORPORATION

    35,943        21,841        14,102        6,572        1,903   

Yingkou Puxiang Trade Co., Ltd.

    328        62        266        998        (85

Myanmar POSCO C&C Company, Limited.

    19,773        13,594        6,179        606        (398

POSCO ICT VIETNAM

    3,013        1,729        1,284        5,259        607   

Daewoo Global Development. Pte., Ltd

    109,238        61,067        48,171        352        (6,296

Myanmar POSCO Engineering & Construction Company, Limited.

    11,871        7,221        4,650        18,763        2,351   

POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD.

    91,177        727        90,450        —          (2,481

DAEWOO POWER AND INFRA (PTY) LTD.

    705        327        378        1,116        388   

Daewoo Amara Company Limited

    102,412        55,162        47,250        —          (1,068

POSMATE-CHINA CO., LTD

    254        5        249        120        34   

Daewoo Precious Resources Co., Ltd.

    3,411        3        3,408        —          —     

POSCO-Mexico Villagran Wire-rod Processing Center

    16,547        210        16,337        —          (566

SANTOS CMI Guatemala S.A.

    9,001        8,814        187        36,602        101   

POSCO-China Dalian Steel Fabricating Center

    9,410        436        8,974        558        (906

POSCO E&C HOLDINGS CO., Ltd.

    500        192        308        —          (22

POSCO E&C (THAILAND) CO., Ltd.

    2,181        1,543        638        125        (10

SUNGJIN CANADA LTD.

    357        55        302        —          (430

POSCO PLANTEC Thailand CO. LTD

    1,498        1,108        390        5,015        40   

 

20


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                              

Company

  Assets     Liabilities     Equity (deficit)     Sales     Net income (loss)  

[Domestic]

         

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

  6,853,318        3,885,127        2,968,191        8,028,269        98,714   

POSCO Processing&Service

    1,061,686        367,791        693,895        2,745,727        35,941   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

    449,661        280,097        169,564        821,183        (5,173

POSCO ICT

    733,968        327,728        406,240        1,050,747        33,796   

POSCO Research Institute

    36,841        10,051        26,790        58,519        1,167   

POSMATE (formerly, Seoung Gwang Co., Ltd.)

    214,286        56,247        158,039        118,489        8,501   

POSCO A&C

    98,502        56,578        41,924        154,053        (6,076

POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.

    1,792,904        533,797        1,259,107        1,316,781        31,703   

POSTECH Venture Capital Co., Ltd.

    118,603        11,186        107,417        11,506        3,506   

eNtoB Corporation

    89,371        56,789        32,582        648,761        1,414   

POSCO CHEMTECH

    588,671        139,399        449,272        1,280,591        59,953   

POSCO-Terminal Co., Ltd.

    134,787        9,443        125,344        104,586        22,152   

POSCO M-TECH

    346,577        193,375        153,202        902,541        (10,649

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

    4,022,984        2,433,704        1,589,280        2,901,117        143,976   

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

    209,745        117,890        91,855        319,580        447   

POSCO NIPPON STEEL RHF JOINT VENTURE.CO., Ltd.

    139,612        92,134        47,478        56,789        2,601   

MegaAsset Co., Ltd.

    136,387        87,750        48,637        83,809        183   

POSCO Engineering CO., Ltd

    608,624        435,380        173,244        1,013,115        10,286   

POSCO AST

    508,189        354,591        153,598        611,458        (3,006

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

    359,240        350,158        9,082        179,550        (12,109

Poscoene

    22,447        91        22,356        —          66   

POSFINE Co., Ltd.

    58,252        44,852        13,400        28,974        1,560   

POSCO Humans

    13,691        4,179        9,512        33,116        286   

Mapo Hibroad Parking co., Ltd.

    1,544        300        1,244        —          (36

Steel Processing and Fabricating Center Co., LTD

    169,437        136,488        32,949        194,018        (2,558

Plant Engineering service Technology Co., Ltd.

    6,754        2,970        3,784        10,731        1,385   

Busan E&E Co,. Ltd.

    113,287        73,609        39,678        136,279        (1,820

POSCO Family Strategy Fund

    61,033        7        61,026        1,082        (5,298

POREKA Co., Ltd.

    19,403        15,468        3,935        23,961        69   

Daewoo International Corporation

    7,739,676        5,524,030        2,215,646        16,601,358        132,541   

POSCO LED Co., Ltd.

    57,561        50,419        7,142        60,693        (7,029

Pohang Scrap Recycling Distribution Center Co., Ltd.

    17,072        511        16,561        5,530        734   

PSC Energy Global Co., Ltd.

    96,058        —          96,058        —          (13,890

Suncheon Eco Trans Co., Ltd

    67,768        46,467        21,301        —          (1,065

New Altec Co., Ltd

    131,244        34,473        96,771        81,318        (1,366

PONUTech Co., Ltd.

    117,033        80,881        36,152        56,151        (560

Tamra Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd

    26,728        —          26,728        —          (12

POS-HiAL

    59,836        43,460        16,376        —          (2,521

IT Engineering

    7,026        3,349        3,677        11,293        133   

 

21


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                              

Company

  Assets     Liabilities     Equity (deficit)     Sales     Net income (loss)  

[Foreign]

         

POSCO America Corporation

  360,278        307,874        52,404        737,584        (126,699

POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

    971,471        328,455        643,016        117,481        74,784   

POSCO Canada Ltd.

    589,015        100,337        488,678        143,485        48,611   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

    760,306        721,090        39,216        2,861,848        3,829   

POSCO-CTPC Co., Ltd.

    87,914        51,514        36,400        127,558        4,526   

POSCO-JKPC Co., Ltd.

    66,374        50,347        16,027        107,220        1,717   

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CENTER CORPORATION

    75,459        41,476        33,983        24,275        9,894   

POSCO E&C Vietnam Co., Ltd.

    263,042        214,573        48,469        363,321        25,364   

Zhangjiagang Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

    1,305,878        806,051        499,827        2,935,626        21,467   

POSCO (Guangdong) Steel Co., Ltd.

    128,859        84,435        44,424        211,606        4,715   

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

    119,445        76,044        43,401        220,471        1,471   

Myanmar POSCO Steel Co., Ltd

    19,884        3,318        16,566        14,001        932   

POSCO-JOPC Co., Ltd.

    54,026        49,524        4,502        97,003        906   

POSCO Investment Co., Ltd.

    802,503        702,337        100,166        13,962        4,949   

POSCO-MKPC SDN BHD

    136,957        92,539        44,418        211,330        1,058   

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

    191,829        100,902        90,927        396,564        1,783   

POSCO (Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    300,725        187,070        113,655        458,113        22,798   

POSCO BIOVENTURES I, L.P.

    7,255        —          7,255        —          (206

PT. POSNESIA Stainless Steel Industry

    11,568        —          11,568        —          (1,340

POSEC Hawaii, Inc.

    314        7        307        —          (38

POSCO-China Qingdao Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    54,609        40,042        14,567        108,054        155   

POS-ORE PTY LTD

    43,442        2,642        40,800        130,819        72,845   

POSCO-China Holding Corp.

    360,809        108,315        252,494        145,469        (21,932

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

    756,571        649,824        106,747        1,379,727        11,868   

POS-CD PTY LTD

    55,347        14,354        40,993        22,178        (2,173

POS-GC PTY LTD

    55,150        45,074        10,076        8,411        (21,444

POSCO-India Private Limited

    115,183        311        114,872        —          620   

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

    143,286        139,149        4,137        266,832        (9,619

POSCO-JEPC Co., Ltd.

    165,310        147,355        17,955        299,848        1,780   

POSCO-CFPC Co., Ltd.

    180,275        136,369        43,906        619,308        1,962   

POSCO E&C CHINA Co., Ltd.

    307,625        250,899        56,726        238,999        12,733   

POSCO MPPC S.A. de C.V.

    198,465        168,548        29,917        352,952        (3,433

Zhangjigang Pohang Port Co., Ltd.

    22,495        6,736        15,759        6,712        768   

Qingdao Pos-metal Co., Ltd.

    5,947        6,481        (534     50,774        (1,376

POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd.

    541,348        509,293        32,055        714,841        (503

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

    794,853        594,916        199,937        359,422        (32,287

POSCO India Delhi Steel Processing Centre Private Limited

    91,704        83,949        7,755        145,625        (9,685

POSCO-Poland Wroclaw Processing Center Sp. z o. o.

    41,003        20,860        20,143        66,597        978   

POS-NP PTY LTD

    56,343        25,704        30,639        21,429        (364

POSCO-Vietnam Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    84,133        58,435        25,698        132,608        1,299   

POSCO(Chongqing) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    67,049        52,512        14,537        115,253        5,634   

SUZHOU POSCO-CORE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

    60,707        36,249        24,458        86,400        324   

POSCO-Malaysia SDN. BHD.

    82,648        104,940        (22,292     124,556        (2,730

 

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Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                              

Company

  Assets     Liabilities     Equity (deficit)     Sales     Net income (loss)  

[Foreign]

         

POS-Minerals Corporation

  217,664        119,701        97,963        —          (5,815

POSCO(Wuhu) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    69,625        44,536        25,089        113,011        2,758   

POSCO Engineering and Construction India Private Limited

    18,098        11,083        7,015        76,805        1,034   

POSCO E&C SMART S DE RL DE CV

    20,993        17,054        3,939        21,562        2,194   

POSCO Philippine Manila Processing Center, Inc.

    29,045        19,037        10,008        32,582        726   

POSCO Gulf SFC LLC

    53,831        48,441        5,390        23,585        (1,951

Dalian POSCO ICT-DONGFANG Engineering Co., Ltd.

    7,630        5,037        2,593        7,564        318   

SANPU TRADING Co., Ltd.

    1,806        3        1,803        70        24   

Zhangjiagang BLZ Pohang International Trading

    10,036        5,050        4,986        52,649        187   

POSCO MEXICO HUMAN TECH S.A. de C.V.

    1,035        908        127        9,267        101   

POSCO MESDC S.A. DE C.V.

    12,574        491        12,083        4,784        203   

POSCO ICT-China

    2,566        1,742        824        6,957        163   

DWEMEX, S.A.DE.C.V.

    183        19        164        —          (12

POSCO MPC Servicios S.A. de C.V.

    1,152        875        277        6,591        57   

POSCO-Uruguay S.A

    22,805        120        22,685        1        (891

Pos-Sea Pte Ltd

    12,724        9,855        2,869        122,439        675   

POSCO Europe Steel Distribution Center

    7,564        1,205        6,359        13,769        458   

POSCO ENGINEERING (THAILAND) CO., LTD.

    21,082        20,357        725        23,492        741   

VECTUS LIMITED

    954        15,565        (14,611     5,240        (5,155

POSCO VST CO., LTD.

    399,242        371,409        27,833        377,478        (24,136

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

    942,836        832,247        110,589        224,385        (111,675

POSCO India Chennai Steel Processing Centre Pvt.Ltd.

    93,623        89,043        4,580        183,304        (4,247

POSCO TNPC Otomotiv Celik San. Ve Tic. A.S

    41,597        34,336        7,261        64,185        (1,923

POSCO Vietnam Ha Noi Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    56,855        50,358        6,497        110,108        995   

POSCO(Liaoning) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    73,083        46,710        26,373        113,971        3,297   

POSCO-Indonesia Jakarta Processing Center

    106,838        89,768        17,070        80,534        (5,110

POSCO E&C VENEZUELA C.A.

    126        —          126        —          —     

Motta Resources Indonesia

    4,264        18,259        (13,995     —          (5,522

POSCO TMC INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

    9,095        7,211        1,884        18,376        (29

POSCO America Alabama Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    46,816        34,958        11,858        107,780        339   

PT PEN INDONESIA

    4,681        3,707        974        20,037        (1,289

POSCO(Yantai) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    45,863        27,874        17,989        64,784        2,124   

POSCO India Steel Distribution Center Private Ltd.

    6,063        4,413        1,650        5,526        (144

POSCO China Dalian Plate Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    88,337        67,680        20,657        29,843        (10,876

POSCO-South Asia Company Limited

    13,061        235        12,826        10,214        1,049   

POSCO SS-VINA

    505,785        264,716        241,069        —          (1,586

POSCO WA PTY LTD

    317,250        38        317,212        —          (6,338

POSCO Engineering and Construction—UZ

    3,964        3,039        925        2,690        406   

POSCO AUSTRALIA GP PTY LIMITED

    38,786        4        38,782        —          (18,523

POSCO YongXin Rare Earth Metal Co., Ltd.

    23,925        33,715        (9,790     3,962        (9,194

 

23


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                              

Company

  Assets     Liabilities     Equity (deficit)     Sales     Net income (loss)  

[Foreign]

         

Daewoo International (America) Corp.

  417,955        372,011        45,944        1,046,283        2,788   

Daewoo International (Deutschland) GmbH.

    148,268        137,035        11,233        308,507        772   

Daewoo International Japan Corp.

    190,524        184,329        6,195        588,810        240   

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE. LTD.

    125,927        122,160        3,767        659,805        (516

Daewoo Italia S.r.l.

    59,839        54,973        4,866        277,455        959   

Daewoo (China) Co., Ltd.

    84,004        36,556        47,448        250,006        244   

DAEWOO TEXTILE FERGANA LLC

    85,758        57,733        28,025        117,548        8,237   

DAEWOO TEXTILE BUKHARA LLC

    51,071        33,520        17,551        47,896        3,695   

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL AUSTRALIA HOLDINGS PTY LTD

    134,238        27,044        107,194        21,629        (1,525

Daewoo Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

    69,020        72,745        (3,725     61,163        (4,052

Tianjin Daewoo Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

    13,916        31,505        (17,589     —          —     

POSCO MAURITIUS LIMITED

    24,071        5        24,066        —          (22

PT. KRAKATAU POSCO

    3,410,502        2,437,868        972,634        —          (41,921

Myanmar Daewoo Limited

    181        8        173        1,075        564   

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

    46,695        40,563        6,132        170,951        1,098   

Daewoo International Guangzhou Corp.

    9,668        9,077        591        54,403        (3,718

POSCO (Zhangjiagang) STS Processing Center Co., Ltd

    63,729        50,653        13,076        350,000        743   

Daewoo International (M) SDN BHD

    28,161        25,865        2,296        87,881        61   

Daewoo International SHANGHAI CO., LTD.

    66,677        58,754        7,923        44,490        73   

PGSF, L.P.

    7,464        2        7,462        —          1,948   

Xenesys Inc.

    7,996        2,337        5,659        3,877        (1,558

Daewoo International INDIA Private Ltd.

    4,771        3,008        1,763        18,805        43   

TECHREN Solar, LLC

    1,373        528        845        —          (8,531

PT. POSCO E&C INDONESIA

    54,139        44,327        9,812        217,879        17,145   

HUME COAL PTY LTD

    40,634        259        40,375        110        (282

POSCO FOUNDATION

    161        —          161        —          (1

EPC EQUITIES LLP

    59,500        60,378        (878     (1,592     516   

SANTOS CMI CONSTRUCTION TRADING LLP

    35,562        37,836        (2,274     —          (11,991

SANTOS CMI INC. USA

    28,780        27,425        1,355        36,385        8,777   

SANTOS CMI ENGENHARIA E CONSTRUCOES LTDA

    12,997        17,017        (4,020     15,907        3,474   

SANTOS CMI PERU S.A.

    6,590        30,761        (24,171     13,187        (16,510

SANTOS CMI CONSTRUCCIONES S.A.

    26        14        12        17        3   

GENTECH INTERNATIONAL INC.

    981        323        658        1,901        293   

EPC INVESTMENTS C.V.

    —          24        (24     —          (11

SANTOSCMI S.A.

    39,513        24,918        14,595        87,597        907   

SANTOSCMI CONSTRUCCIONES DE CHILE S.A.

    6,159        270        5,889        1,833        191   

S&K -SANTOSCMI S.A. DE C.V.

    55        169        (114     468        (54

COMPANIADEAUTOMATIZACION& CONTROL, GENESYS S.A.

    10,872        7,530        3,342        19,350        754   

VAUTIDAMERICAS S.A.

    4,559        2,757        1,802        2,020        (839

POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY

    622,336        527,955        94,381        122,071        (51,312

HONG KONG POSCO E&C (CHINA) INVESTMENT Co., Ltd.

    146,186        168,589        (22,403     —          1,881   

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DO BRAZIL LTDA.

    261,738        234,275        27,463        122,020        8,683   

POSCO Electrical Steel India Private Limited

    141,462        109,955        31,507        1,769        (12,645

Daewoo International Cameroon S.A.

    3,060        36        3,024        —          —     

 

24


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                              

Company

  Assets     Liabilities     Equity (deficit)     Sales     Net income (loss)  

[Foreign]

         

DAESAN (CAMBODIA) Co., Ltd.

  27,556        32,635        (5,079     —          (24

Brazil Sao Paulo Steel Processing Center

    65,191        58,010        7,181        32,155        (7,930

POSCO(Dalian) IT Center Development Co., Ltd.

    235,918        99,127        136,791        —          (3,174

PT. POSCO RESOURCES INDONESIA

    1,089        60        1,029        —          (1,024

PT.POSCO ICT INDONESIA

    9,106        8,674        432        24,975        116   

PT. POSCO MTECH INDONESIA

    15,502        12,477        3,025        3,882        (2,207

PT. KRAKATAU POSCO ENERGY

    275,011        189,242        85,769        —          (945

POSCO RUS LLC

    17,301        14,256        3,045        2,052        (702

POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited

    398,449        114,365        284,084        403,382        (10,166

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SHANGHAI WAIGAOQIAO CO., LTD.

    26,123        25,310        813        109,757        43   

PT. Bio Inti Agrindo

    48,986        33,525        15,461        880        399   

POSCO ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

    5,285        3,270        2,015        19,369        (3,567

POSCO-TISCO (JILIN) PROCESSING CENTER Co., Ltd.

    72,832        56,324        16,508        71,052        (790

Hunchun Posco Hyundai International Logistics Complex Development Co., Ltd

    58,355        26        58,329        —          369   

USA-SRDC

    411        5        406        —          140   

Daewoo International Vietnam Co., Ltd.

    4,031        123        3,908        3,537        (271

PT.Krakatau Posco Chemtech Calcination

    53,317        32,970        20,347        107        (1,694

POSCO AFRICA (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

    44,885        31        44,854        129        5,592   

EPC INGENIERIA & SERVICIOS DE COSTA RICA SA

    5,101        1,266        3,835        6,519        4,016   

POSCO ICT BRASIL

    3,944        4,371        (427     829        (983

LA-SRDC

    1,373        725        648        6,276        144   

DONG FANG JIN HONG

    365,795        194,786        171,009        —          (1,856

PRODUCTOS OFERTAS SISTEMAS Y COMERCIALIZADORA ORIENTAL S DE RL DE CV

    127        125        2        531        —     

POSCO AMERICA COMERCIALIZADORA S DE RL DE CV

    13,000        14,424        (1,424     15,401        (1,160

POSCO(Guangdong) Automotive Steel Co., Ltd.

    402,115        277,747        124,368        141,877        (27,026

POSCO MAPC SA DE CV

    40,278        20,320        19,958        14,492        (1,186

POSCO-Mory-Maruyasu PIPE

    7,879        3,612        4,267        9        (371

PT KRAKATAU BLUE WATER

    592        285        307        337        20   

KRAKATAU POS-CHEM DONG-SUH CHEMICAL

    14,853        6,395        8,458        —          (768

Myanmar Daewoo International Corporation

    5,709        4        5,705        629        447   

POSCO-Italy Processing Center

    53,683        47,700        5,983        6,541        (1,732

DAEWOO E&P CANADA CORPORATION

    16,584        8,606        7,978        912        215   

Yingkou Puxiang Trade Co., Ltd.

    421        73        348        473        60   

Myanmar POSCO C&C Company, Limited.

    6,611        279        6,332        —          —     

POSCO ICT VIETNAM

    1,659        982        677        498        194   

Daewoo Global Development. Pte., Ltd

    26,378        202        26,176        —          (214

Myanmar POSCO Engineering & Construction Company, Limited.

    1,052        —          1,052        —          (3

POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD.

    5,874        —          5,874        —          —     

 

25


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(d) Details of non-controlling interest as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

  1) December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)                                          
    Daewoo
International
Corporation
    PT.
KRAKATAU
POSCO
    POSCO
CHEMTECH
    POSCO
ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION
CO., LTD.
    POSCO
ENERGY
Co., Ltd.
    Others     Total  

Current assets

  5,177,495        645,598        360,673        4,501,969        501,219        12,781,184        23,968,138   

Non-current assets

    6,028,358        3,303,632        251,206        1,322,767        3,393,917        10,135,827        24,435,707   

Current liabilities

    (5,046,468     (988,132     (131,389     (2,996,618     (546,791     (11,493,074     (21,202,472

Non-current liabilities

    (1,807,698     (2,118,519     (7,150     (754,696     (2,513,129     (3,681,307     (10,882,499

Equity

    4,351,687        842,579        473,340        2,073,422        835,216        7,742,630        16,318,874   

Non-controlling interests

    1,727,078        252,773        189,336        217,182        91,668        1,677,400        4,155,437   

Sales

    19,938,711        1,129,977        1,331,527        7,514,710        2,533,673        28,738,206        61,186,804   

Profit for the period

    83,167        (232,503     68,196        42,643        21,100        (159,066     (176,463

Profit (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests

    33,007        (69,751     27,278        4,467        2,316        (62,302     (64,985

Cash flows from operating activities

    (149,695     (27,383     20,676        24,592        36,346        (121,697     (217,161

Cash flows from investing activities

    (167,573     (74,454     (28,349     (33,755     (117,154     (230,954     (652,239

Cash flows from financing activities (before dividends to non-controlling interest)

    336,114        75,680        —          (15,162     83,014        406,904        886,550   

Dividend to non-controlling interest

    (13,558     —          (3,544     (1,923     (2,648     (5,748     (27,421

Effect of exchange rate fluctuation on cash held

    (46     134        43        (8     —          3,636        3,759   

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

    5,242        (26,023     (11,174     (26,256     (442     52,141        (6,512

 

  2) December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                                          
    Daewoo
International
Corporation
    PT.
KRAKATAU
POSCO
    POSCO
Specialty
Steel

Co., Ltd.
    POSCO
ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION
CO., LTD.
    POSCO
ENERGY
Co., Ltd.
    Others     Total  

Current assets

  4,313,678        427,029        633,583        5,071,247        697,234        9,773,753        20,916,524   

Non-current assets

    6,110,630        3,019,191        879,536        1,062,166        3,115,599        8,538,325        22,725,447   

Current liabilities

    (4,258,245     (611,434     (269,749     (3,515,803     (674,370     (8,990,091     (18,319,692

Non-current liabilities

    (1,835,835     (1,862,078     (264,596     (478,070     (1,760,156     (3,038,981     (9,239,716

Equity

    4,330,228        972,708        978,774        2,139,540        1,378,307        6,283,006        16,082,563   

Non-controlling interests

    1,718,562        291,812        273,143        224,108        151,274        1,451,734        4,110,633   

Sales

    16,838,559        —          1,316,781        8,036,752        2,901,117        25,405,268        54,498,477   

Profit for the period

    42,312        (41,844     31,749        144,888        146,419        (143,940     179,584   

Profit (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests

    16,793        (12,553     8,860        15,176        16,070        (15,634     28,712   

Cash flows from operating activities

    (67,785     (50,209     18,721        40,815        32,174        23,342        (2,942

Cash flows from investing activities

    (123,609     (405,186     (54,152     (15,888     (94,741     (337,253     (1,030,829

Cash flows from financing activities (before dividends to non-controlling interest)

    156,326        467,617        80,213        (29,059     62,273        375,947        1,113,317   

Dividend to non-controlling interest

    (13,558     —          (2,217     (2,885     —          (9,125     (27,785

Effect of exchange rate fluctuation on cash held

    (114     (560     —          (360     —          (9,036     (10,070

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

    (48,740     11,662        42,565        (7,377     (294     43,875        41,691   

 

26


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(e) Details of associates and joint ventures

 

  1) Associates

Details of associates as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

Investee

 

Category of Business

  Ownership (%)     Region
    2014     2013    

[Domestic]

       

EQP POSCO Global NO1 Natual Resources PEF

  Investment in new technologies     28.48        27.23      Seoul

SNNC

  Raw material manufacturing and sales     49.00        49.00      Gwangyang

QSONE Co., Ltd.

  Real estate rental and facility management     50.00        50.00      Seoul

Incheon-Gimpo Expressway Co., Ltd.

  Construction     25.76        29.94      Anyang
BLUE OCEAN Private Equity Fund   Private equity financial   27.52     27.52     Seoul
UITrans LRT Co., Ltd.   Transporting   38.19     38.19     Seoul

CHUNGJU ENTERPRISE CITY DEVELOPMENT Co., Ltd

  Real estate development     25.10        25.10      Chungju

KoFC POSCO HANWHA KB Shared Growth NO. 2. Private Equity Fund(*1)

  Investment in new technologies     12.50        12.50      Seoul

KONES, Corp.

  Technical service     41.67        41.67      Gyeongju

Gunggi Green Energy(*1)

  Electricity generation     19.00        19.00      Hwaseong

Gale International Korea, LLC

  Real estate rental     29.90        29.90      Seoul

Pohang Techno Valley PFV Corporation(*2)

  Real estate development     54.99        54.99      Pohang

Pohang Special Welding Co., Ltd.

  Welding material and tools manafacturing and sales     50.00        50.00      Pohang

KC Chemicals(*1)

  Machinery manufacturing     19.00        19.00      Hwaseong

Green Jang Ryang Co., Ltd

  Sewerage treatment     25.00        25.00      Pohang

DAEHO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT CO., LTD.

  Investment advisory service     35.82        35.82      Pohang

Daewoo Public Car Sales (Gwangju) CO., Ltd

  Leasing services     50.00        50.00      Gwangju

Clean Gimpo Co., Ltd.

  Construction     29.58        29.58      Gimpo

Pajoo & Viro Co., Ltd.

  Construction     40.00        40.00      Paju

Posco-IDV Growth Ladder IP Fund(*1,3)

  Investment in new technologies     17.86        —        Seoul

SuNAM Co., Ltd(*1)

  Power supply manufacturing     19.17        19.17      Seoul

Pureun Tongyeong Enviro Co., Ltd.

  Sewerage treatment     20.40        20.40      Tongyeong

Postech Early Stage Fund(*1)

  Investment in venture companies     10.00        10.00      Pohang

Posgreen Co., Ltd.(*1)

  Plastic manufacturing     19.00        19.00      Gwangyang

POSTECH Social Enterprise Fund(*1)

  Investment in new technologies     9.17        9.17      Seoul

Applied Science Corp.

  Machinery manufacturing     26.47        27.11      Paju

Suw on Green Environment Co., Ltd

  Construction     27.50        27.50      Hwaseong

Universal Studios Resort Asset Management Corporation

  Real estate services     26.17        26.17      Seoul

Noel Green Energy Co., Ltd.(*3)

  Electricity generation     20.00        —        Seoul

Synergy Private Equity Fund(*1,3)

  Investment in new technologies     17.86        —        Seoul

Pure Gimpo Co., Ltd.

  Construction     28.79        28.79      Seoul

Pohang Techno Valley AMC

  Construction     29.50        29.50      Pohang

New Songdo International City Development, LLC

  Real estate rental     29.90        29.90      Seoul

MTAPOLIS Co., Ltd.

  Multiplex development     40.05        40.05      Hwaseong

Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit Co., Ltd.

  Transporting     25.00        25.00      Gimhae

Clean Iksan Co., Ltd.

  Construction     23.50        23.50      Pohang

Mokpo Deayang Industrial Corporation

  Real estate development     27.40        27.40      Mokpo

Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd

  Electricity generation     29.90        29.90      Chuncheon

Innovalley Co., Ltd.

  Real estate developement     28.77        28.77      Yongin

Garolim Tidal Power Plant Co., Ltd

  Tidal power plant construction and management     32.13        32.13      Seosan

Posco e&c Songdo International Building

  Non-resident building lease     49.00        49.00      Seoul

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.(*4)

  Industrial structure manufacturing     —          43.97      Ulsan

Future Creation Fund Postech Early Stage account(*4)

  Investment in new technologies     —          40.00      Seoul

Taegisan Wind Power Corporation(*5)

  Wind power plant construction and management     —          50.00      Hoengseong

Dakos Co., Ltd.(*6)

  Railway equipment manufacturing     —          31.00      Seongnam

Gyeonggi CES Co., Ltd(*5)

  Facility construction     —          21.83      Yangju

Hyundai Investment Network Private Equity Fund I(*6)

  Mine investment     —          50.00      Seoul

 

27


Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Investee

      Ownership (%)      
 

Category of Business

  2014     2013     Region

[Foreign]

       

Eureka Moly LLC

  Steel processing and sales     20.00        20.00      USA

South-East Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd.

  Pipeline construction     25.04        25.04      Myanmar

7623704 Canada Inc.(*1)

  Investments management     10.40        10.40      Canada

Nickel Mining Company SAS

  Raw material manufacturing and sales     49.00        49.00      New Caledonia

AES-VCM Mong Duong Power Company Limited

  Electricity generation     30.00        30.00      Vietnam

AMCI (WA) PTY LTD.

  Iron ore sales & mine development     49.00        49.00      Australia

KOREA LNG LTD.

  Gas production and sales     20.00        20.00      England

CAML RESOURCES PTY LTD.

  Raw material manufacturing and sales     33.34        33.34      Australia

NCR LLC

  Coal sales     29.41        29.41      Canada

Zhongyue POSCO (Qinhuangdao) Tinplate Industrial Co., Ltd

  Tinplate manufacturing and sales     34.00        34.00      China

PT. Batutua Tembaga Raya(*3)

  Raw material manufacturing and sales     24.10        —        Indonesia

VSC POSCO Steel Corporation

  Steel manufacturing and sales     50.00        50.00      Vietnam

PT. Wampu Electric Power

  Construction and engneering service     20.00        20.00      Indonesia

POSCO SeAH Steel Wire(Nantong) Co., Ltd.

  Steel processing and sales     25.00        25.00      China

POSCHROME (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

  Raw material manufacturing and sales     50.00        50.00      South Africa

LLP POSUK Titanium

  Titanium manufacturing and sales     36.83        36.83      Kazahstan

IMFA ALLOYS FINLEASE LTD

  Raw material manufacturing and sales     24.00        24.00      India

AN KHANH NEW CITY DEVELOPMENT J.V CO., LTD.

  Highway construction and new town development     50.00        50.00      Vietnam

XG Sciences(*3)

  New materials manufacturing and development     26.27        —        USA

General Medicines Company Ltd.

  Medicine manufacturing and sales     33.00        33.00      Sudan

PT.INDONESIA POS CHEMTECH CHOSUN Ref

  Refractory manufacturing and sales     30.19        30.19      Indonesia

PT. Tanggamus Electric Power

  Construction and engneering service     20.59        20.00      Indonesia

POS-SEAHSTEELWIRE(TIANJIN)CO., Ltd

  Steel manufacturing and sales     25.00        25.00      China

SHANGHAI LANSHENG DAEWOO CORP.

  Trading     49.00        49.00      China

POSK(Pinghu) Steel Processing Center Co., Ltd.

  Steel processing and sales     20.00        20.00      China

SHANGHAI WAIGAOQIAO FREE TRADE ZONE LANSHENG DAEWOO IN’L TRADING CO., LTD.

  Trading     49.00        49.00      China

NS-Thainox Auto Co., Ltd.

  Steel manufacturing and sales     49.00        49.00      Vietnam

BGC-POS PTY LTD.

  Construction     49.00        49.00      Australia

Sebang Steel

  Scrap sales     49.00        49.00      Japan

Hamparan Mulia

  Resource development     45.00        45.00      Indonesia

Baganuur Energy Corporation

  Refined oil manufacturing     50.00        50.00      Mongolia

POSCO-Poggenamp Electrical Steel Pvt. Ltd.

  Steel manufacturing     26.00        26.00      India

Fifth Combined Heat and Power Plant LLC

  Thermal power generation     30.00        30.00      Mongolia

GLOBAL KOMSCO Daewoo LLC

  Mintage     35.00        35.00      Uzbekistan

KG Power(M) SDN. BHD

  Energy & resource development     20.00        20.00      Malaysia

Arctos Anthracite Joint Venture

  Coal sales     20.00        20.00      Canada

LI3 ENERGY INC

  Energy & resource development     26.06        26.06      Peru

POSCO China Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO-SAMSUNG Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd.)(*4)

  Steel processing and sales     —          30.00      China

Hanjung Power Pty., Ltd(*4)

  Electric power manufacturing and sales     —          49.00      Papua
        New Guinea

POSVINA Co., Ltd.(*5)

  Plating steel sheet manufacturing and sales     —          50.00      Vietnam

Yingkou Posrec Refractories Co., Ltd.(*6)

  Refractory manufacturing     —          25.00      China

Daewoo (THAILAND) CO., LTD.(*6)

  Trading     —          49.00      Thailand

N.I.CO., LTD.(*6)

  Trading     —          50.00      North Korea

Boulder Solar Power, LLC(*5)

  Electric power manufacturing     —          21.74      USA

 

(*1) The Company is able to exercise significant influence even though the Company’s percentage of ownership is below 20%.
(*2) Considering the composition of board of directors, the Company is not able to exercise control over the investee even though the Company’s percentage of ownership is above 50%.
(*3) These associates were newly established or acquired in 2014.
(*4) Reclassified to subsidiary from associate due to an increase in ownership percentage and acquisition of control during the year ended December 31, 2014.
(*5) Excluded from associates due to the disposal of shares during the year ended December 31, 2014.
(*6) Excluded from associates due to liquidation during the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) Joint ventures

Details of joint ventures as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

Investee

 

Category of Business

  Ownership (%)     Region
    2014     2013    

[Domestic]

       

POSCO ES MATERIALS

  Secondary battery manufacturing     50.00        50.00      Gumi

POSCO MITSUBISHI CARBON TECHNOLOGY

  Steel processing and sales     60.00        60.00      Gwangyang

[Foreign]

       

Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd

  Energy & resource development     12.50        12.50      Australia

POSCO-NPS Niobium LLC

  Mine development     50.00        50.00      USA

CSP-Compania Siderurgica do Pecem

  Steel manufacturing and sales     20.00        20.00      Brazil

DMSA/AMSA

  Energy & resource development     4.00        4.00      Madagascar

KOBRASCO

  Facility lease     50.00        50.00      Brazil

BX STEEL POSCO Cold Rolled Sheet Co., Ltd.

  Steel processing and sales     25.00        25.00      China

PT. POSMI Steel Indonesia

  Steel processing and sale     36.69        36.69      Indonesia

POSCO-CDPC(POSCO ChengDu Processing Center) Co., Ltd(*1)

  Steel processing and sale     43.00        —        China

Henan Tsingpu Ferro Alloy Co., Ltd.

  Raw material manufacturing and sales     49.00        49.00      China

TANGGANG-POSCO LED(*1)

  Led manufacturing and sales     50.00        —        China

VNS-DAEWOO Co., Ltd.(*1)

  Steel processing and sale     40.00        —        Vietnam

POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center

  Steel processing and sales     30.00        30.00      Slovakia

Zhangjiagang Pohang Refractories Co., Ltd.

  Refractory manufacturing     50.00        50.00      China

Korea Siberia Wood CJSC

  Forest resource development     50.00        50.00      Russia

United Spiral Pipe, LLC

  Material manufacturing and sales     35.00        35.00      USA

SUNGJIN DRIVER INC(*1)

  Moduel and Plant manufacturing     50.00        —        Canada

USS-POSCO Industries

  Cold rolled coil manufacturing and sales     50.00        50.00      USA

 

(*1) These joint ventures were newly established or acquired in 2014.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(f) Newly included subsidiaries

 

  1) Consolidated subsidiaries acquired or newly established during the year ended December 31, 2014 are as follows:

 

Company

  Date of acquisition   Ownership (%)   Reason

Hanjung Power Pty., Ltd

  January 2014   100.00   Reclassification from associate

Daewoo Amara Company Limited

  January 2014   85.00   New establishment

POSMATE-CHINA CO., LTD

  January 2014   100.00   New establishment

Daewoo Precious Resources Co., Ltd.

  March 2014   60.00   New establishment

POSCO-Mexico Villagran Wire-rod Processing Center

  March 2014   66.75   New establishment

POSCO Green Gas Technology

  April 2014   100.00   New establishment

SANTOS CMI Guatemala S.A.

  April 2014   100.00   Acquisition

Santos CMI Construction Inc S.A

  April 2014   100.00   Acquisition

POSCO-China Dalian Steel Fabricating Center

  May 2014   51.00   New establishment

Keystone Private Equity

  June 2014   55.12   Reclassification from associate

POSCO WOMAN’S FUND(*1)

  July 2014   40.00   New establishment

Chun Sa wind

  July 2014   100.00   Acquisition

POSCO China Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO-SAMSUNG Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd.)

  July 2014   100.00   Reclassification from associate

POSPOWER Co., Ltd.

  August 2014   100.00   Acquisition

Future Creation Fund Postech Early Stage account(*1)

  September 2014   40.00   Reclassification from associate

POSCO E&C HOLDINGS CO., Ltd.

  October 2014   100.00   New establishment

POSCO E&C (THAILAND) CO., Ltd.

  October 2014   100.00   New establishment

Songdo Posco family Housing

  November 2014   100.00   New establishment

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

  December 2014   73.94   Reclassification from associate

SUNGJIN CANADA LTD.

  December 2014   70.00   Reclassification by POSCO
PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

POSCO PLANTEC Thailand CO. LTD

  December 2014   82.40   Reclassification by
POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

DAEWOO POWER PNG Ltd.

  December 2014   100.00   New establishment

 

(*1) These subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements as the controlling company has control over them in consideration of the board of directors’ composition and others.

 

  2) Cash outflows (inflows) caused by the acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Consideration transferred

   747,569         4,359   

Less: Cash and cash equivalent acquired

     (358,991      (10,088
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

388,578      (5,729
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(g) Excluded subsidiaries

Subsidiaries that were excluded from consolidation during the year ended December 31, 2014 are as follows:

 

Company

   Date of disposal   

Reason

POSCO-JOPC Co., Ltd.

   January 2014    Statutory merger by POSCO-JWPC Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO-JKPC Co., Ltd.)

S&K -SANTOSCMI S.A. DE C.V.

   March 2014    Exclusion upon liquidation

Santos CMI Construction Inc S.A

   September 2014    Statutory merger by SANTOS CMI Guatemala S.A

Daewoo International Cameroon S.A.

   November 2014    Disposal

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CENTER CORPORATION

   December 2014    Disposal

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

2. Statement of Compliance

Statement of compliance

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (“K-IFRS”), as prescribed in the Act on External Audits of Corporations in the Republic of Korea.

The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on January 29, 2015, and will be submitted for approval at the shareholders’ meeting to be held on March 13, 2015.

Basis of measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the following material items in the statement of financial position, as described in the accounting policy below.

 

(a) Derivatives instruments are measured at fair value

 

(b) Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) are measured at fair value

 

(c) Available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value

 

(d) Defined benefit liabilities are measured at the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of the plan assets

Functional and presentation currency

These consolidated financial statements are presented in Korean won, which is POSCO’s functional currency and the currency of the primary economic environment in which POSCO operates.

Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with K-IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period prospectively.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(a) Judgments

Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes:

 

    Note1 - Subsidiaries, associates and joint venture

 

    Note 8 - Other financial assets

 

    Note 12 - Joint operations

 

    Note 13 - Investment property, net

 

    Note 14 - Property, plant and equipment, net

 

    Note 15 - Goodwill and other intangibles

 

(b) Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next financial year is included in the following notes:

 

    Note 20 - Provisions

 

    Note 21 - Employee benefits

 

    Note 29 - Construction contracts

 

    Note 36 - Income taxes

 

    Note 39 - Commitments and contingencies

 

(c) Measurement of fair value

The Company’s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a valuation team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values, and reports directly to the financial officer.

The valuation team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the valuation team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that such valuations meet the requirements of K-IFRS including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which such valuation techniques should be classified.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market observable data as far as possible. Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

•    Level 1 -

unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•    Level 2 -

inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly.

•    Level 3 -

inputs for the assets or liability that are not based on observable market data.

If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability might be categorized in different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following note:

 

    Note 23 – Financial instruments

 

(d) Changes in accounting policies

The Company has adopted the following amendments to standards and new interpretation with a date of initial application of January 1, 2014.

 

  1) K-IFRS No. 1032, “Financial Instruments: Presentation”

 

  2) K-IFRS No. 1036, “Impairment of Assets”

 

  3) K-IFRS No. 2121, “Levies”

The details of changes in accounting policies are as follows:

 

  1) Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities

The Company has adopted amendments to K-IFRS No. 1032, “Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” since January 1, 2014. The amendments clarify the meaning of ‘currently has a legally enforceable right of set-off’. According to the amendments, the right to set off should not be contingent on a future event, and legally enforceable in the normal course of business, in the event of default, and in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the entity and all of the counterparties. The amendments also state that some gross settlement systems would be considered equivalent to net settlement if they eliminate or result in insignificant credit and liquidity risk and process receivables and payables in a single settlement process or cycle.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) Disclosure of impairment loss

The Company has adopted amendments to K-IFRS No. 1036 “Impairment of Assets” since January 1, 2014. The amendments require the disclosure of information about the recoverable amount of impaired assets, if that amount is based on fair value less costs of disposal. They also require the disclosure of additional information about that fair value measurement. In addition, if the recoverable amount of impaired assets based on fair value less costs of disposal was measured using a present value technique, the amendments also require the disclosure of the discount rates that have been used in the current and previous measurements.

 

  3) Levies

The Company has adopted K-IFRS No. 2121, “Levies” since January 1, 2014. K-IFRS No. 2121 is an Interpretation of K-IFRS No. 1037 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, on the accounting for levies imposed by governments. K-IFRS No. 1037 sets out criteria for the recognition of a liability, one of which is the requirement for the entity to have a present obligation as a result of a past event (or “obligating event”). K-IFRS No. 2121 clarifies that the obligating event that gives rise to a liability to pay a levy is the activity described in the relevant legislation that triggers the payment of the levy.

The interpretation does not provide guidance on the accounting for the costs arising from recognizing the liability to pay a levy. Other K-IFRSs should be applied to determine whether the recognition of a liability to pay a levy gives rise to an asset or an expense.

Impact of changes in accounting policies

Upon adoption of amendments to K-IFRS No. 1032 and K-IFRS No. 2121, there is no impact on the Company’s prior year’s consolidated financial statements. Upon adoption of amendments to K-IFRS No. 1036, the Company has made the required disclosures in the annual financial statements as applicable (see note 15).

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies applied by the Company in preparation of its consolidated financial statements are included below. The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these financial statements, except for those as disclosed in note 2.

Basis of consolidation

 

(a) Business combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Company.

The consideration transferred in the acquisition is generally measured at fair value, as are the identifiable net assets acquired. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gain on bargain purchase is recognized in profit or loss immediately. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, except if related to the issue of debt or equity securities. The consideration transferred does not include amounts related to the settlement of pre-existing relationships. Such amounts are generally recognized in profit or loss.

Any contingent consideration payable is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. If the contingent consideration is classified as equity, then it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognized in profit or loss.

If share-based payment awards (replacement awards) are required to be exchanged for awards held by the acquiree’s employees (acquiree’s awards), then all or a portion of the amount of the acquirer’s replacement awards is included in measuring the consideration transferred in the business combination. This determination is based on the market-based measure of the replacement awards compared with the market-based measure of the acquiree’s awards and the extent to which the replacement awards relate to pre-combination service.

 

(b) Non-controlling interests

Non-controlling interests are measured at their proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at the acquisition date.

Changes in the Company’s interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions.

 

(c) Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. The Company controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date on which control commences until the date on which control ceases.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(d) Loss of control

When the Company loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, and any related non-controlling interests and other components of equity. Any resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss. Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured at fair value when control is lost.

 

(e) Interests in equity-accounted investees

The Company’s interests in equity-control investees comprise interests in associates and joint ventures. Associates are those entities in which the Company has significant influence, but not control or joint control, over the financial and operating policies. A joint venture is an arrangement in which the Company has joint control, whereby the Company has rights to the net assets of the arrangement, rather than rights to its assets and obligations for its liabilities.

Interests in associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. They are recognized initially at cost, which includes transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, the consolidated financial statements include the Company’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of equity-accounted investees, until the date on which significant influence or joint control ceases.

 

(f) Transactions eliminated on consolidation

Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealized income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Company’s interest in the investee. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

Foreign currency transactions and translation

 

1) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded using the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction. At the end of each reporting period, foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the original transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date fair value was initially determined.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. When gains or losses on non-monetary items are recognized in other comprehensive income, exchange components of those gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Conversely, when gains or losses on non-monetary items are recognized in profit or loss, exchange components of those gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss.

 

2) Foreign operations

If the presentation currency of the Company is different from a foreign operation’s functional currency, the financial statements of the foreign operation are translated into the presentation currency using the following methods:

The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, whose functional currency is not the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, are translated to presentation currency at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to functional currency at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign currency differences are recognized in other comprehensive income.

Any goodwill arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation and any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities arising on the acquisition of that foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation. Thus, they are expressed in the functional currency of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate.

When a foreign operation is disposed of, the relevant amount in the translation is transferred to profit or loss as part of the profit or loss on disposal. On the partial disposal of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, the relevant proportion of such cumulative amount is reattributed to non-controlling interest. In any other partial disposal of a foreign operation, the relevant proportion is reclassified to profit or loss.

Foreign exchange gains or losses arising from a monetary item receivable from or payable to a foreign operation, the settlement of which is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future and which in substance is considered to form part of the net investment in the foreign operation, are recognized in other comprehensive income in the translation reserve.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, demand deposits, and short-term investments in highly liquid securities that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Equity investments are excluded from cash and cash equivalents.

Non-derivative financial assets

The Company recognizes and measures non-derivative financial assets by the following four categories: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity financial assets, loans and receivables and available-for-sale financial assets. The Company recognizes financial assets in the consolidated statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Upon initial recognition, non-derivative financial assets are measured at their fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the asset’s acquisition or issuance.

 

(a) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are classified at fair value through profit or loss if they are held for trading or designated as such upon initial recognition. Upon initial recognition, transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss.

 

(b) Held-to-maturity financial assets

A non-derivative financial asset with a fixed or determinable payment and fixed maturity, for which the Company has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity, is classified as held-to-maturity. Subsequent to initial recognition, held-to-maturity financial assets are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

 

(c) Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Subsequent to initial recognition, loans and receivables are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method unless the effect of discounting is immaterial.

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(d) Available-for-sale financial assets

Available-for-sale financial assets are those non-derivative financial assets that are designated as available-for-sale or are not classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity financial assets or loans and receivables. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value, net of any tax effect, recorded in other comprehensive income in equity. Investments in equity instruments that do not have a quoted market price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured and derivatives that are linked to and must be settled by delivery of such unquoted equity instruments are measured at cost. When a financial asset is derecognized or impairment losses are recognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss. Dividends on an available-for-sale equity instrument are recognized in profit or loss when the Company’s right to receive payment is established.

 

(e) Derecognition of non-derivative financial assets

The Company derecognizes non-derivative financial assets when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or the Company transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows from the financial asset as well as substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. Any interest in a transferred financial asset that is created or retained by the Company is recognized as a separate asset or liability.

If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the transferred financial assets, the Company continues to recognize the transferred financial assets and recognizes financial liabilities for the consideration received.

 

(f) Offsetting a financial asset and a financial liability

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the consolidated statement of financial position only when the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts, and there is the intention to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Inventories

Inventory costs, except materials-in-transit in which costs are determined by using specific identification method, are determined by using the moving-weighted average method. The cost of inventories comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of finished goods or work in progress are based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

When inventories are sold, the carrying amount of those inventories is recognized as cost of goods sold in the period in which the related revenue is recognized. Inventories are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realizable value and all losses of inventories are recognized as an expense in the period the write-down or loss occurs. The amount of any reversal of any write-down of inventories arising from an increase in net realizable value is recognized as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognized as a cost of goods sold in the period in which the reversal occurs.

Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities that are expected to be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use are classified as held for sale. In order to be classified as held for sale, the assets or disposal groups must be available for immediate sale in their present condition and their sale must be highly probable. The assets or disposal groups that are classified as non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

The Company recognizes an impairment loss for any initial or subsequent write-down of an asset or disposal group to fair value less costs to sell, and a gain for any subsequent increase in fair value less costs to sell, up to the cumulative impairment loss previously recognized in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1036 “Impairment of Assets”.

A non-current asset that is classified as held for sale or part of a disposal group classified as held for sale is not depreciated (or amortized).

Investment property

Property held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both is classified as investment property. Investment property is measured initially at its cost. Transaction costs are included in the initial measurement. Subsequently, investment property is carried at depreciated cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

Subsequent costs are recognized in the carrying amount of investment property at cost or, if appropriate, as separate items if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each reporting date and adjusted, if appropriate. The change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are initially measured at cost and after initial recognition, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. The cost of property, plant and equipment includes expenditures arising directly from the construction or acquisition of the asset, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management and, when the Company has an obligation to remove the asset or restore the site, an estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of replacing a part of an item is recognized in the carrying amount of the item of property, plant and equipment, if the following recognition criteria are met:

 

(a) it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company, and

 

(b) the cost can be measured reliably.

The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized at the time the replacement part is recognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of the item are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated from the date they are available for use or, in respect of self-constructed assets, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use. Other than land, the costs of an asset less its estimated residual value are depreciated. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis, which most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, over the estimated useful lives of each component of an item of property, plant and equipment. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Land is not depreciated.

Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately.

The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is included in profit or loss when the item is derecognized.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

 

Buildings   5-60 years   
Structures   4-50 years   
Machinery and equipment   2-25 years   
Vehicles   3-10 years   
Tools   4-10 years   
Furniture and fixtures   3-10 years   
Lease assets   3-18 years   

The estimated residual value, useful lives and the depreciation method are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

Borrowing costs

The Company capitalizes borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognized in expense as incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. Financial assets and inventories that are manufactured or otherwise produced over a short period of time are not qualifying assets. Assets that are ready for their intended use or sale when acquired are not qualifying assets.

To the extent that the Company borrows funds specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Company determines the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization as the actual borrowing costs incurred on that borrowing during the period less any investment income on the temporary investment of those borrowings. The Company immediately recognizes other borrowing costs as an expense. To the extent that the Company borrows funds generally and uses them for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Company shall determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization by applying a capitalization rate to the expenditures on that asset. The capitalization rate shall be the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing costs that the Company capitalizes during a period shall not exceed the amount of borrowing costs incurred during that period.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are measured initially at cost and, subsequently, are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

Amortization of intangible assets except for goodwill is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets from the date that they are available for use. The residual value of intangible assets is zero. However, as there are no foreseeable limits to the periods over which club memberships are expected to be available for use, this intangible asset is determined as having an indefinite useful life and not amortized.

 

Intellectual property rights 5-10 years
Development costs 3-10 years
Port facilities usage rights 4-75 years
Other intangible assets 2-25 years

Amortization periods and the amortization methods for intangible assets with finite useful lives are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The useful lives of intangible assets that are not being amortized are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support indefinite useful life assessments for those assets. Changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

Expenditures on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Development expenditures are capitalized only if development costs can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Other development expenditures are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate. All other expenditures, including expenditures on internally generated goodwill and brands, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources

POSCO is engaged in exploration projects for mineral resources through subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the mines or other contractual arrangements. Expenditures related to the development of mineral resources are recognized as exploration or development intangible assets. The nature of these intangible assets are as follows:

 

(a) Exploration and evaluation assets

Exploration and evaluation assets consist of expenditures for topographical studies, geophysical studies and trenching. These assets are reclassified as development assets when it is proved that the exploration has identified commercially viable mineral deposit.

 

(b) Development assets

When proved reserves are determined and development is sanctioned, development expenditures incurred are capitalized. These expenditures include evaluation of oil fields, construction of oil/gas wells, drilling for viability and others. On completion of development and inception of extraction for commercial production of developed proved reserves, the development assets are reclassified as either property, plant and equipment or as intellectual property rights (mining rights) under intangible assets based on the nature of the capitalized expenditure.

The respective property, plant and equipment and intellectual property (mining rights) are each depreciated and amortized based on proved reserves on a unit of production basis.

Government grants

Government grants are not recognized unless there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the grant’s conditions and that the grant will be received.

 

(a) Grants related to assets

Government grants whose primary condition is that the Company purchase, construct or otherwise acquire long-term assets are deducted from the carrying amount of the assets and recognized in profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis over the life of the depreciable assets.

 

(b) Grants related to income

Government grants which are intended to compensate the Company for expenses incurred are deducted from the related expenses.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Leases

The Company classifies and accounts for leases as either a finance or operating lease, depending on the terms. Leases where the Company assumes substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

 

(a) Finance leases

At the commencement of the lease term, the Company recognizes as finance assets and finance liabilities the lower amount of the fair value of the leased property and the present value of the minimum lease payments, each determined at the inception of the lease. Any initial direct costs are added to the amount recognized as an asset.

Minimum lease payments are apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance charge is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Contingent rents are charged as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

The depreciable amount of a leased asset is allocated to each accounting period during the period of expected use on a systematic basis consistent with the depreciation policy the Company adopts for similar depreciable assets that are owned. If there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is fully depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and its useful life.

 

(b) Operating leases

Lease obligations under operating leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rents are charged as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

 

(c) Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

Determining whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement and requires an assessment of whether fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets (the asset) and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

At inception or reassessment of the arrangement, management of the Company separates payments and other consideration required by such an arrangement into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values. If management of the Company concludes for a financial lease that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, the Company recognizes an asset and a liability at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset that was identified as the subject of the lease. Subsequently, the liability shall be reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance charge on the liability recognized using the purchaser’s incremental borrowing rate of interest.

Impairment for financial assets

A financial asset not carried at fair value through profit or loss is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired. A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably. However, losses expected as a result of future events, regardless of likelihood, are not recognized.

Objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets are impaired includes:

 

(a) significant financial difficulty of the issuer or obligor;

 

(b) a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;

 

(c) the lender, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, granting to the borrower a concession that the lender would not otherwise consider;

 

(d) it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization;

 

(e) the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties; or

 

(f) observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows from a group of financial assets since the initial recognition of those assets, although the decrease cannot yet be identified with the individual financial assets in the group.

In addition, for an investment in an equity security, a significant or prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost is objective evidence of impairment.

If there is objective evidence that financial assets are impaired, impairment losses are measured and recognized.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(a) Financial assets measured at amortized cost

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortized cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount and the present value of its estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. If it is not practicable to obtain the instrument’s estimated future cash flows, impairment losses would be measured by using prices from any observable current market transactions. The Company can recognize impairment losses directly or establish a provision to cover impairment losses. If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss shall be reversed either directly or by adjusting an allowance account.

 

(b) Financial assets carried at cost

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has occurred on an unquoted equity instrument that is not carried at fair value because its fair value cannot be reliably measured, or on a derivative asset that is linked to and must be settled by delivery of such an unquoted equity instrument, the amount of the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the financial asset and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the current market rate of return for a similar financial asset. Such impairment losses are not reversed.

 

(c) Available-for-sale financial assets

When a decline in the fair value of an available-for-sale financial asset has been recognized in other comprehensive income and there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, the cumulative loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income shall be reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment even though the financial asset has not been derecognized. Impairment losses recognized in profit or loss for an investment in an equity instrument classified as available-for-sale are not reversed through profit or loss. If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classified as available-for-sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss, the impairment loss shall be reversed, with the amount of the reversal recognized in profit or loss.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Impairment for non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, other than assets arising from construction contracts, employee benefits, inventories, deferred tax assets and non-current assets held for sale, are reviewed at the end of the reporting period to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, are tested for impairment annually by comparing their recoverable amount to their carrying amount.

Management estimates the recoverable amount of an individual asset. If it is impossible to measure the individual recoverable amount of an asset, then management estimates the recoverable amount of cash-generating unit (“CGU”). A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value-in-use and its fair value less costs to sell. The Company determined that individual operating entities are CGUs.

The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value-in-use and its fair value less costs to sell. The value-in-use is estimated by applying a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU for which estimated future cash flows have not been adjusted, to the estimated future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or CGU.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or a CGU exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss.

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to each CGU that is expected to benefit from the synergies arising from the goodwill acquired. Any impairment identified at the CGU level will first reduce the carrying value of goodwill and then be used to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis. Except for impairment losses in respect of goodwill which are never reversed, an impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Derivative financial instruments and hedges

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss.

 

(a) Embedded derivatives

Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately only if the following criteria have been met: (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivatives are not clearly and closely related to a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative that would meet the definition of a derivative, and (b) the hybrid (combined) instrument is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Changes in the fair value of separable embedded derivatives from the host contract are recognized immediately in profit or loss. However, convertible rights of convertible bonds are not separated from the host contract and the compound financial instruments of bonds and convertible rights are designated and measured at fair value through profit and loss.

 

(b) Other derivatives

Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is not designated as a hedging instrument are recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Non-derivative financial liabilities

The Company classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or other financial liabilities in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of financial liabilities. The Company recognizes financial liabilities in the consolidated statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial liability.

 

(a) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading or designated as such upon initial recognition. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss. Upon initial recognition, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Other financial liabilities

Non-derivative financial liabilities other than financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are classified as other financial liabilities.

Financial guarantee liabilities are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, they are subsequently measured at the higher of:

 

  1) the amount of the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period; and

 

  2) the amount initially recognized less, cumulative amortization recognized on a straight-line basis over the guarantee period

At the date of initial recognition, other financial liabilities are measured at fair value minus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition. Subsequent to initial recognition, other financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

The Company derecognizes a financial liability from the consolidated statement of financial position when it is extinguished (i.e. when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires).

Construction work in progress

Construction work in progress represents the gross unbilled amount expected to be collected from customers for contract work performed to date. It is measured at cost plus profit recognized to date less progress billings and recognized losses. Cost includes all expenditures related directly to specific projects and an allocation of fixed and variable overheads incurred in the Company’s contract activities based on normal operating capacity.

Construction work in progress is presented as part of trade accounts and notes receivable in the consolidated statement of financial position for all contracts in which costs incurred plus recognized profits exceed progress billings. If progress billings exceed costs incurred plus recognized profits, then the difference is presented as amounts due to customers for contract work in the consolidated statement of financial position.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Employee benefits

 

(a) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are employee benefits that are due to be settled within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. When an employee has rendered service to the Company during an accounting period, the Company recognizes the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service as profit or loss. If the Company has a legal or constructive obligation which can be reliably measured, the Company recognizes the amount of expected payment for profit-sharing and bonuses payable as liabilities.

 

(b) Other long-term employee benefits

Other long-term employee benefits include employee benefits that are settled beyond 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, and are calculated at the present value of the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods, less the fair value of any related assets. The present value is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows using the interest rate of corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company’s obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. Any actuarial gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

 

(c) Retirement benefits: Defined contribution plans

For defined contribution plans, when an employee has rendered service to the Company during a period, the Company recognizes the contribution payable to a defined contribution plan in exchange for that service as an accrued expense, after deducting any contributions already paid. If the contributions already paid exceed the contribution due for service before the end of the reporting period, the Company recognizes that excess as an asset (prepaid expense) to the extent that the prepayment will lead to a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.

 

(d) Retirement benefits: Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company’s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The fair value of plan assets is deducted. The calculation is performed annually by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.

The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company’s obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. The Company recognizes all actuarial gains and losses arising from actuarial assumption changes and experiential adjustments in other comprehensive income when incurred.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

When the fair value of plan assets exceeds the present value of the defined benefit obligation, the Company recognizes an asset, to the extent of the present value of the total of cumulative any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plan or reduction in the future contributions to the plan.

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognized immediately in other comprehensive income. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments, net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss in curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround many events and circumstances are taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined at the present value of the expected future cash flows.

Where some or all of the expenditures required to settle a provision are expected to be reimbursed by another party, the reimbursement shall be recognized when, and only when, it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the entity settles the obligation. The reimbursement shall be treated as a separate asset.

Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.

A provision for warranties is recognized when the underlying products are sold. The provision is based on historical warranty data and a weighting of all possible outcomes against their associated probabilities.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Regarding provision for construction warranties, warranty period starts from the completion of construction in accordance with construction contracts. If the Company has an obligation for warranties, provision for warranties which are estimated based on historical warranty data are recorded as cost of construction and provision for warranties during the construction period.

Equity instruments

 

(a) Share capital

Common stock is classified as equity and the incremental costs arising directly attributable to the issuance of common stock less their tax effects are deducted from equity.

If the Company reacquires its own equity instruments, the amount of those instruments (“treasury shares”) are presented as a contra equity account. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issuance or cancellation of its own equity instruments. When treasury shares are sold or reissued subsequently, the amount received is recognized as an increase to equity, and the resulting surplus or deficit on the transaction is recorded in capital surplus.

 

(b) Hybrid Bonds

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of financial liability and an equity instrument. When the Company has an unconditional right to avoid delivering cash or another financial asset to settle a contractual obligation, the instruments are classified as equity instruments.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Revenue

Revenue from the sale of goods, services provided and the use of assets is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates, which are not significant for all periods presented.

 

(a) Sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of goods in the ordinary course of activities is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence exists, usually in the form of an executed sales agreement, that the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing management involvement with the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. The appropriate timing for transfer of risks and rewards varies depending on the individual terms and conditions of the sales contract. For international sales, this timing depends on the type of international commercial terms of the contract.

 

(b) Services rendered

Revenue from services rendered is recognized in profit or loss in proportion to the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date. The stage of completion is assessed by reference to surveys of work performed.

 

(c) Construction contracts

Construction contracts of the Company primarily consist of contracts for the construction of plants and commercial or residential buildings, and revenue recognition for different types of contracts is as follows:

When the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognized in profit or loss in proportion to the stage of completion of the contract. Contract revenue includes the initial amount agreed in the contract plus any variation in contract work, claims and incentive payments, to the extent that it is probable that they will result in revenue and can be measured reliably. The stage of completion of a contract is determined based on the proportion that contract costs incurred for work performed to date bear to the estimated total contract costs.

When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, the revenue is recognized only to the extent of contract costs incurred that it is probable will be recoverable. An expected loss on the construction contract is recognized as an expense immediately.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(d) Rental income

Rental income from investment property, net of lease incentives granted, is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Finance income and finance costs

Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested (including available-for-sale financial assets), dividend income, gains on the disposal of available-for-sale financial assets and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest rate method. Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss on the date that the Company’s right to receive payment is established.

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss using the effective interest rate method.

Income taxes

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

 

(a) Current income tax

Current income tax is the expected income tax payable or receivable on the taxable profit or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. The taxable profit is different from the accounting profit for the period since the taxable profit is calculated excluding the temporary differences, which will be taxable or deductible in determining taxable profit of future periods, and non-taxable or non-deductible items from the accounting profit.

 

(b) Deferred income tax

The measurement of deferred income tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

The Company recognizes a deferred income tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures, except to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The Company recognizes a deferred income tax asset for deductible temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, to the extent that it is probable that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. However, deferred income tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill, or the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting profit or loss nor taxable income.

The carrying amount of a deferred income tax asset is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and is reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow the benefit of part or all of that deferred tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred income tax liabilities and deferred income tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to offset the related current income tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority and they intend to settle current income tax liabilities and assets on a net basis.

Earnings per share

Management calculates basic earnings per share (“EPS”) data for the Company’s ordinary shares, which is presented at the end of the statement of comprehensive income. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Operating segments

An operating segment is a component of the Company that : a) engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenditures, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Company’s other components, b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance and for which discrete financial information is available. Management has determined that the CODM of the Company is the CEO.

Segment profit and loss is determined the same way that consolidated net after tax profit for the period is determined under K-IFRS without any adjustment for corporate allocations. The accounting policies used by each segment are consistent with the accounting policies used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Segment assets and liabilities are measured based on total assets and liabilities in accordance with K-IFRS without any adjustment for corporate allocations. Also, segment assets and liabilities are based on the separate financial statements of the entities instead of on consolidated basis. In addition, there are varying levels of transactions amongst the reportable segments. These transactions include sales of property, plant and assets, and rendering of construction service and so on. Inter-segment transactions are accounted for on an arm’s length basis.

Segment results that are reported to the CEO include items directly attributable to a segment and do not include allocated items. Segment capital expenditure is the total cost incurred during the period to acquire property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets other than goodwill.

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

The following new standards, interpretations and amendments to existing standards have been published and are mandatory for the Company for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2014, and the Company has not early adopted them. Management believes the impact of the amendments on the Company’s consolidated financial statements is not significant.

 

(a) Amendments to K-IFRS No. 1019 “Employee Benefits”

Amendments to K-IFRS No. 1019 introduced a practical expedient to accounting for defined benefit plan, when employees or third parties pay contributions if certain criteria are met. According to the amendments, the entity is permitted to recognize those contributions as a reduction of the service cost in the period in which the related service is rendered, instead of forecast future contributions from employees or third parties and attribute them to periods or service as negative benefits. This amendment is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015, with early adoption permitted.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

4. Financial risk management

The Company has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments:

 

    credit risk

 

    liquidity risk

 

    market risk

 

    capital risk

This note presents information about the Company’s exposure to each of the above risks, the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk, and the Company’s management of capital. Further quantitative disclosures are included throughout these consolidated financial statements.

 

(a) Financial risk management

 

  1) Risk management policy

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company’s risk management framework. The Company’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company’s activities.

The Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to develop a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

 

  2) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company’s receivables from customers and investment securities. In addition, credit risk arises from finance guarantees.

The Company implements a credit risk management policy under which the Company only transacts business with counterparties that have a certain level of credit rate evaluated based on financial condition, historical experience, and other factors. The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The default risk of a nation or an industry in which a customer operates its business does not have a significant influence on credit risk. The Company has established a credit policy under which each new customer is analyzed individually for creditworthiness.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

The Company establishes an allowance for impairment that represents its estimate of incurred losses in respect of trade and other receivables. The main components of this allowance are a specific loss component that relates to individually significant exposures, and a collective loss component established for companies of similar assets in respect of losses that have been incurred but not yet identified. The collective loss allowance is determined based on historical data of payment statistics for similar financial assets. Debt securities are analyzed individually, and an expected loss shall be directly deducted from debt securities.

Credit risk also arises from transactions with financial institutions, and such transactions include transactions of cash and cash equivalents, various deposits, and financial instruments such as derivative contracts. The Company manages its exposure to this credit risk by only entering into transactions with banks that have high international credit ratings. The Company’s treasury department authorizes, manages, and overseas new transactions with financial institutions with whom the Company has no previous relationship. Furthermore, the Company limits its exposure to credit risk of financial guarantee contracts by strictly evaluating their necessity based on internal decision making processes, such as the approval of the board of directors.

 

3) Liquidity risk management

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company’s reputation.

The Company’s cash flow from business, borrowing or financing is sufficient to meet the cash requirements for the Company’s strategic investments. Management believes that the Company is capable of raising funds by borrowing or financing if the Company is not able to generate cash flow requirements from its operations. The Company has committed borrowing facilities with various banks.

 

4) Market risk management

Market risk means that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. The goal of market risk management is optimization of profit and controlling the exposure to market risk within acceptable limits.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

   Currency risk

Each segment is influenced by a risk factor of changes in foreign currency exchange rates for the different directions due to the difference in structure of each industry regarding the cash inflows and cash outflows in foreign currency. The steel segment generally has a lack of foreign currency cash outflows, while the engineering and construction segments generally have excessive foreign currency inflows due to the nature of their respective business. Therefore, the result of the business is affected by the changes of foreign exchange rates.

The trading segment is structured such that the cash inflows and outflows of foreign currencies are to be offset; however, the trading segment is exposed to a risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates when there are differences in currencies on receiving and paying the foreign currency amount and time differences.

The Company’s policy in respect of foreign currency risks is a natural hedge whereby foreign currency income is offset with foreign currency expenditures. The remaining net exposures after the natural hedge have been hedged using derivative contracts such as forward exchange contracts. In addition, the Company’s derivative transactions are limited to hedging actual foreign currency transactions and speculative hedging is not permitted. Based on this policy, the Company entities have performed currency risk management specific to various characteristics of different segments. The entities in the steel industry, which has a lack of foreign currency cash flows, has foreign currency borrowings from banks and hedges foreign currency risks of the foreign currency borrowings by using foreign currency swaps. The entities in the engineering and construction segments, which have excessive foreign currency cash flows, have hedged foreign currency risks by using forward exchange contracts. Entities in the trading industry have hedged foreign currency risks by using forward exchange contracts when the foreign currencies received and paid are different.

 

  Interest rate risk

The Company mostly borrows at fixed interest rates. The Company’s management monitors interest rate risks regularly.

 

  ƒ Other market price risk

Equity price risk arises from listed equity securities among available-for-sale equity securities. Management of the Company measures regularly the fair value of listed equity securities and the risk of variance in future cash flow caused by market price fluctuations. Significant investments are managed separately and all buy and sell decisions are approved by management of the Company.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Management of capital risk

The fundamental goal of capital management is the maximization of shareholders’ value by means of the stable dividend policy and the retirement of treasury shares. The capital structure of the Company consists of equity and net debt, deducting cash and cash equivalents and current financial instruments from borrowings. The Company applied the same financial risk management strategy that was applied in the previous period.

Net borrowing-to-equity ratio as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014     2013  

Total borrowings

   27,428,257        26,246,605   

Less: Cash and cash equivalents

     3,811,202        4,208,562   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net borrowings

  23,617,055      22,038,043   

Total equity

  45,291,364      45,822,030   

Net borrowings-to-equity ratio

  52.14   48.09

5. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Cash

   2,100         12,575   

Demand deposits and checking accounts

     1,209,367         1,199,768   

Time deposits

     1,185,146         2,325,449   

Other cash equivalents(*1)

     1,414,589         670,770   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
3,811,202      4,208,562   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Mainly includes money market trust and others.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

6. Trade Accounts and Notes Receivable

 

(a) Trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Trade accounts and notes receivable

   10,814,600         10,299,826   

Finance lease receivables

     24,344         36,029   

Unbilled due from customers for contract work

     1,528,427         1,574,929   

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts

     (581,316      (418,183
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
11,786,055      11,492,601   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Trade accounts and notes receivable

60,583      50,639   

Finance lease receivables

  42,907      67,251   

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts

  (24,154   (20,890
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
79,336      97,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Trade accounts and notes receivable sold to financial institutions, for which the derecognition conditions were not met, amounted to ₩106,985 million and ₩73,956 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and are included in short-term borrowings from financial institutions (Note 17).

 

(b) Finance lease receivables are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)                   

Customer

  

Contents

   2014      2013  

Korea Electric Power Corporation

   Combined thermal power plant 1~4    66,858         102,887   

KC CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.

   Machinery and equipment      393         393   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
67,251      103,280   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(c) The gross amount and present value of minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Less than 1 year

   32,302         48,112   

1 year - 5 years

     51,999         84,270   

Unrealized interest income

     (17,050      (29,102
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Present value of minimum lease payment

67,251      103,280   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

7. Other Receivables

Other receivables as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Short-term loans

   254,108         298,289   

Other accounts receivable

     1,523,659         1,322,352   

Accrued income

     76,393         74,968   

Deposits

     58,384         69,502   

Others

     227,192         275,892   

Less : Allowance for doubtful accounts

     (183,520      (150,580
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  1,956,216      1,890,423   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Long-term loans

  960,652      604,478   

Long-term other accounts receivable

  158,018      152,383   

Accrued income

  1,533      1,110   

Deposits

  189,120      111,482   

Less : Allowance for doubtful accounts

  (165,163   (71,998
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,144,160      797,455   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

8. Other Financial Assets

Other financial assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Derivatives assets held for trading

   77,182         44,082   

Available-for-sale securities

     25,512         10,772   

Current portion of held-to-maturity securities (bonds)

     15,297         2,232   

Short-term financial instruments(*1,2)

     1,344,929         2,913,579   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,462,920      2,970,665   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Derivatives assets held for trading

19,084      34,140   

Available-for-sale securities (equity instruments)(*3,4)

  2,294,244      4,068,766   

Available-for-sale securities (bonds)

  33,350      32,456   

Available-for-sale securities (others)

  67,135      54,390   

Held-to-maturity securities (bonds)

  1,796      1,602   

Long-term financial instruments(*2)

  40,291      274,376   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
2,455,900      4,465,730   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, ₩5,465 million and ₩949 million, respectively, are restricted for the use in a government project.
(*2) As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, financial instruments amounting to ₩177,014 million and ₩261,034 million, respectively, are restricted for use in financial arrangements, pledge and others.
(*3) During the year ended December 31, 2014, there was objective evidence of impairment for shares such as HYUNDAI Heavy Industries and others due to the significant decline in the fair value of the shares for a prolonged period. As a result, an impairment loss of ₩369,723 million was recognized in profit or loss during the year ended December 31, 2014.
(*4) As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, ₩173,632 million and ₩691,801 million of available-for-sale securities, respectively, have been provided as collateral for construction projects and borrowings.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

9. Inventories

 

(a) Inventories as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Finished goods

   1,647,331         1,406,297   

Merchandise

     902,347         711,802   

Semi-finished goods

     1,654,556         1,711,294   

Raw materials

     2,334,992         2,228,110   

Fuel and materials

     759,193         801,992   

Construction inventories

     1,129,370         1,183,390   

Materials-in-transit

     2,109,207         1,848,389   

Others

     96,274         96,389   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  10,633,270      9,987,663   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Less: Allowance for inventories valuation

  (161,940   (189,282
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
10,471,330      9,798,381   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(b) The changes of allowance for inventories valuation for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Beginning

   189,282         214,795   

Loss on valuation of inventories

     41,713         49,172   

Write-off

     (69,996      (73,220

Others

     941         (1,465
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending

161,940      189,282   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

10. Assets Held for Sale

Details of assets held for sale and related liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  
     Controlling
company(*1,*6)
     Subsidiaries
(*2,*3,*4,*5,*6)
     Total      Controlling
company(*7)
     Subsidiaries(*8)      Total  

Assets

                 

Cash and cash equivalents

   —           210,934         210,934         —           —           —     

Trade accounts and notes receivable and other receivables

     —           90,811         90,811         —           —           —     

Other financial assets

     580,062         21,028         601,090         —           —           —     

Inventories

     —           289,716         289,716         —           —           —     

Investments in associates

     —           —           —           1,304         —           1,304   

Investment property

     —           22,067         22,067         —           —           —     

Property, plant and equipment

     2,672         895,391         898,063         —           1,190         1,190   

Other assets

     —           14,406         14,406         —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
582,734      1,544,353      2,127,087      1,304      1,190      2,494   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

Trade accounts and notes payable and other payables

—        225,403      225,403      —        —        —     

Borrowings

  —        330,059      330,059      —        —        —     

Other liabilities

  —        35,520      35,520      —        —        —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
—        590,982      590,982      —        —        —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) In November 2014, Nacional Minerios S.A. (which was an available-for-sale investment of the Company) entered into a merger agreement with another entity through share exchange. The merger transaction was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on December 12, 2014. Pursuant to the merger agreement, the Company will dispose of its equity interests in Nacional Minerios S.A. in exchange for equity interests in the new entity. Therefore, the Company reclassified the available-for-sale investment to assets held for sale. Before the reclassification, the Company recognized an impairment loss of ₩88,572 million in the investment due to a prolonged decline in the fair value of the shares below its cost.
(*2) The Company agreed to sell 52.2% of its shares of POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd. to SeAH Besteel Corp. by and entered into a disposal agreement. The agreement was approved by the Board of Directors on December 12, 2014, and the Company classified the related assets and liabilities as held for sale. Related assets and liabilities on POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd. are current assets of ₩580,299 million, non-current assets of ₩795,295 million, current liabilities of ₩315,399 million and non-current liabilities of ₩210,696 million.
(*3) The Company agreed to sell its shares of POSFINE Co., Ltd., an associate of the Company, to Hahn & Company PRIVATE EQUITY FUND No.1. The transaction was approved by the Board of Directors on November 7, 2014 and the Company classified the shares as assets held for sale.
(*4) Daewoo International Corporation, a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a sales contract to dispose its Daewoo Department Store located in Masan in accordance with the Board of Directors’ resolution on August 18, 2014. Accordingly, the Company classified it as assets held for sale and recognized an impairment loss of ₩16,769 million.
(*5) POSCO M-TECH, a subsidiary of the Company, determined to dispose of its rare metal department and some of its assets in the Molybdenum factory in Yeongwol, and classified them as assets held-for-sale.
(*6) The controlling company and POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, determined to dispose of some tangible assets including land and disused facilities and classified them as assets held for sale.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(*7) The Company determined to dispose of its shares in POSVINA Co., Ltd., an associate of the Company, and classified it as assets held for sale as of December 31, 2013. The Company completed the disposal of this investment during the year ended December 31, 2014 and recognized a loss of ₩14 million on disposal of assets held for sale.
(*8) POSCO AST, a subsidiary of the Company, determined to dispose of its land and building for employee welfare and classified them as assets held for sale as of December 31, 2012. POSCO AST recognized a loss of ₩436 million on disposal of assets held for sale during the year ended December 31, 2014.

11. Investments in Associates and Joint ventures

 

(a) Investments in associates and joint ventures as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Investments in associates

   1,626,801         1,830,047   

Investments in joint ventures

     2,433,706         1,978,646   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
4,060,507      3,808,693   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Details of investments in associates as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Company

   Number of shares      Ownership (%)      Acquisition cost      Book value      Book value  

[Domestic]

              

EQP POSCO Global NO1 Natual Resources PEF

     178,565         28.48       178,566       176,899         177,563   

SNNC

     18,130,000         49.00         90,650         131,671         123,969   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.(*1)

     —           —           —           —           234,203   

QSONE Co., Ltd.

     200,000         50.00         84,395         83,849         84,096   

Incheon-Gimpo Expressway Co., Ltd.(*2)

     9,032,539         25.76         45,163         43,045         37,759   

BLUE OCEAN Private Equity Fund

     333         27.52         33,300         31,439         29,391   

UITrans LRT Co., Ltd.(*2)

     4,395,669         38.19         21,978         30,098         19,185   

CHUNGJU ENTERPRISE CITY DEVELOPMENT Co., Ltd(*2)

     2,008,000         25.10         10,040         19,801         23,733   

KoFC POSCO HANWHA KB Shared Growth NO. 2. Private Equity Fund

     11,862,500         12.50         11,863         12,268         6,685   

KONES, Corp.

     3,250,000         41.67         6,893         5,430         5,784   

Gunggi Green Energy(*2)

     2,880,000         19.00         14,400         4,642         4,996   

Others (31 companies)(*2)

              28,869         52,761   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 
  568,011      800,125   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 

[Foreign]

Eureka Moly LLC

  —        20.00      240,123      228,004      217,513   

South-East Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd.

  135,219,000      25.04      150,779      172,805      140,202   

7623704 Canada Inc.

  114,452,000      10.40      124,341      117,100      119,516   

Nickel Mining Company SAS

  3,234,698      49.00      157,585      107,408      135,178   

AES-VCM Mong Duong Power Company Limited

  —        30.00      74,161      93,021      81,436   

AMCI (WA) PTY LTD

  49      49.00      209,664      88,050      98,467   

KOREA LNG LTD.

  2,400      20.00      135,205      72,089      64,453   

CAML RESOURCES PTY LTD

  3,239      33.34      40,388      38,240      43,820   

NCR LLC

  —        29.41      32,348      32,598      30,496   

Zhongyue POSCO (Qinhuangdao) Tinplate Industrial Co., Ltd

  10,200,000      34.00      9,517      21,032      20,600   

PT. Batutua Tembaga Raya

  128,285      24.10      14,785      14,653      —     

VSC POSCO Steel Corporation

  1,000,000      50.00      9,014      7,621      9,464   

PT. Wampu Electric Power(*1)

  7,800,000      20.00      9,028      7,611      7,237   

POSCO SeAH Steel Wire(Nantong) Co., Ltd.

  50      25.00      4,723      6,969      6,083   

Others (23 companies)

  51,589      55,457   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 
  1,058,790      1,029,922   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,626,801      1,830,047   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) During the year ended December 31, 2014, the investment in associates was reclassified from associate to subsidiary due to increase in percentage of ownership through capital increase.
(*2) As of December 31, 2014, investment in associates amounting to ₩110,721 million is provided as collateral related to associates’ borrowings.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(c) Details of investments in joint ventures as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Company

   Number of
shares
     Ownership
(%)
     Acquisition
cost
     Book value      Book value  

[Domestic]

              

POSCO MITSUBISHI CARBON TECHNOLOGY

     11,568,000         60.00       115,680       112,837         115,708   

POSCO ES MATERIALS

     1,000,000         50.00         43,000         38,021         40,386   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 
  150,858      156,094   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 

[Foreign]

Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd(*1)

  13,117,972      12.50      1,528,672      1,268,678      825,901   

POSCO-NPS Niobium LLC

  325,050,000      50.00      364,609      357,874      343,590   

CSP-Compania Siderurgica do Pecem

  827,771,230      20.00      469,891      260,906      263,419   

DMSA/AMSA(*2)

  —        4.00      193,182      165,094      180,355   

KOBRASCO

  2,010,719,185      50.00      32,950      99,787      95,233   

BX STEEL POSCO Cold Rolled Sheet Co., Ltd.

  —        25.00      61,961      98,893      96,309   

Others (11 companies)

  31,616      17,745   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 
  2,282,848      1,822,552   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 
2,433,706      1,978,646   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) As of December 31, 2014, investment in joint ventures amounting to ₩1,268,678 million is provided as collateral in relation to loan from project financing of Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd.
(*2) As of December 31, 2014, investment in joint ventures amounting to ₩165,094 million is provided as collateral for the joint venture’s guarantees.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(d) The movements of investments in associates and joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)                                       

Company

   December 31, 2013
Book value
     Acquisition      Dividends     Share of
profits (losses)
    Other increase
(decrease)(*1)
    December 31, 2014
Book value
 

[Domestic]

              

EQP POSCO Global NO1 Natual Resources PEF

   177,563         —           —          (664     —          176,899   

SNNC

     123,969         —           (5,149     13,873        (1,022     131,671   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.(*2)

     234,203         25,356         —          (210,616     (48,943     —     

QSONE Co., Ltd.

     84,096         —           —          (247     —          83,849   

Incheon-Gimpo Expressway Co., Ltd.

     37,759         8,331         —          (340     (2,705     43,045   

BLUE OCEAN Private Equity Fund

     29,391         —           —          2,193        (145     31,439   

UITrans LRT Co., Ltd.

     19,185         2,330         —          8,583        —          30,098   

CHUNGJU ENTERPRISE CITY DEVELOPMENT Co., Ltd

     23,733         —           —          (3,714     (218     19,801   

KoFC POSCO HANWHA KB Shared Growth NO. 2. Private Equity Fund

     6,685         6,113         —          (530     —          12,268   

KONES, Corp.

     5,784         —           —          (378     24        5,430   

Gunggi Green Energy

     4,996         —           —          (354     —          4,642   

POSCO MITSUBISHI CARBON TECHNOLOGY

     115,708         —           —          (2,835     (36     112,837   

POSCO ES MATERIALS

     40,386         —           —          (2,229     (136     38,021   

Others (31 companies)

     52,761         12,875         —          (24,284     (12,483     28,869   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     956,219         55,005         (5,149     (221,542     (65,664     718,869   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

[Foreign]

              

Eureka Moly LLC

     217,513         —           —          (37     10,528        228,004   

South-East Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd.

     140,202         —           —          25,638        6,965        172,805   

7623704 Canada Inc.

     119,516         —           (5,505     (1,678     4,767        117,100   

Nickel Mining Company SAS

     135,178         —           —          (17,391     (10,379     107,408   

AES-VCM Mong Duong Power Company Limited

     81,436         —           —          (3,845     15,430        93,021   

AMCI (WA) PTY LTD

     98,467         —           —          (6,477     (3,940     88,050   

KOREA LNG LTD.

     64,453         —           (18,668     18,613        7,691        72,089   

CAML RESOURCES PTY LTD

     43,820         —           —          (2,191     (3,389     38,240   

NCR LLC

     30,496         —           —          (3,984     6,086        32,598   

Zhongyue POSCO (Qinhuangdao) Tinplate Industrial Co., Ltd

     20,600         —           (352     378        406        21,032   

PT. Batutua Tembaga Raya

     —           14,785         —          —          (132     14,653   

VSC POSCO Steel Corporation

     9,464         —           (1,850     7        —          7,621   

PT. Wampu Electric Power

     7,237         —           —          134        240        7,611   

POSCO SeAH Steel Wire(Nantong) Co., Ltd.

     6,083         —           —          679        207        6,969   

Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd

     825,901         530,492         —          (14,783     (72,932     1,268,678   

POSCO-NPS Niobium LLC

     343,590         —           (16,414     16,370        14,328        357,874   

CSP-Compania Siderurgica do Pecem

     263,419         75,966         —          (57,127     (21,352     260,906   

DMSA/AMSA

     180,355         —           —          (21,793     6,532        165,094   

KOBRASCO

     95,233         —           (18,429     30,356        (7,373     99,787   

BX STEEL POSCO Cold Rolled Sheet Co., Ltd.

     96,309         —           —          943        1,641        98,893   

Others (34 companies)

     73,202         50,605         (858     (42,163     2,419        83,205   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     2,852,474         671,848         (62,076     (78,351     (42,257     3,341,638   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   3,808,693         726,853         (67,225     (299,893     (107,921     4,060,507   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Other increase or decrease represents the changes in investments in associates and joint ventures due to disposals and change in capital adjustments arising from translations of financial statements of foreign investees and others.
(*2) As of December 31, 2014, there is objective evidence of impairment due to the prolonged decline in the fair value of the investment below its cost. As a result, the Company recognized an impairment loss of ₩88,600 million as the carrying value was higher than its recoverable amount as of December 31, 2014.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                                       

Company

   December 31,
2012

Book value
     Acquisition      Dividends     Share of
profits (losses)
    Other increase
(decrease)(*1)
    December 31, 2013
Book value
 

[Domestic]

              

EQP POSCO Global NO1 Natual Resources PEF

   —           178,566         —          (1,017     14        177,563   

SNNC

     147,539         —           (27,685     2,183        1,932        123,969   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

     181,361         101,210         —          (49,065     697        234,203   

QSONE Co., Ltd.

     —           84,395         —          (299     —          84,096   

Incheon-Gimpo Expressway Co., Ltd.

     13,680         24,521         —          (441     (1     37,759   

BLUE OCEAN Private Equity Fund

     33,839         —           —          (2,015     (2,433     29,391   

UITrans LRT Co., Ltd.

     16,444         1,967         —          668        106        19,185   

CHUNGJU ENTERPRISE CITY DEVELOPMENT Co., Ltd

     29,414         —           —          (5,535     (146     23,733   

KoFC POSCO HANWHA KB Shared Growth NO. 2. Private Equity Fund

     —           7,013         —          (327     (1     6,685   

KONES, Corp.

     6,476         —           —          (740     48        5,784   

Gunggi Green Energy

     7,353         5,475         —          (8,213     381        4,996   

POSCO MITSUBISHI CARBON TECHNOLOGY

     28,060         86,760         —          888        —          115,708   

POSCO ES MATERIALS

     42,388         —           —          (1,963     (39     40,386   

Others (34 companies)

     104,445         11,325         —          (6,585     (56,424     52,761   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     610,999         501,232         (27,685     (72,461     (55,866     956,219   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

[Foreign]

              

Eureka Moly LLC

     213,136         —           —          —          4,377        217,513   

South-East Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd.

     144,831         —           —          (2,585     (2,044     140,202   

7623704 Canada Inc.

     —           124,341         —          (1     (4,824     119,516   

Nickel Mining Company SAS

     146,699         —           —          (16,617     5,096        135,178   

AES-VCM Mong Duong Power Company Limited

     48,636         —           —          (12,841     45,641        81,436   

AMCI (WA) PTY LTD

     123,018         —           —          (6,283     (18,268     98,467   

KOREA LNG LTD.

     99,976         —           (21,999     21,898        (35,422     64,453   

CAML RESOURCES PTY LTD

     62,227         —           (12,428     17,984        (23,963     43,820   

NCR LLC

     39,303         —           —          (9,609     802        30,496   

Zhongyue POSCO (Qinhuangdao) Tinplate Industrial Co., Ltd

     19,045         —           —          1,304        251        20,600   

VSC POSCO Steel Corporation

     9,347         —           (433     760        (210     9,464   

PT. Wampu Electric Power

     7,414         —           —          —          (177     7,237   

POSCO SeAH Steel Wire(Nantong) Co., Ltd.

     5,274         —           (62     717        154        6,083   

Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd

     527,129         446,201         —          (37,781     (109,648     825,901   

POSCO-NPS Niobium LLC

     348,646         —           (16,188     16,079        (4,947     343,590   

CSP-Compania Siderurgica do Pecem

     214,761         128,185         —          (34,410     (45,117     263,419   

DMSA/AMSA

     124,326         58,374         —          31        (2,376     180,355   

KOBRASCO

     113,847         —           (26,482     21,948        (14,080     95,233   

BX STEEL POSCO Cold Rolled Sheet Co., Ltd.

     92,888         —           —          2,400        1,021        96,309   

Others (35 companies)

     87,759         7,439         (11,953     (70,342     60,299        73,202   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     2,428,262         764,540         (89,545     (107,348     (143,435     2,852,474   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   3,039,261         1,265,772         (117,230     (179,809     (199,301     3,808,693   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Other increase or decrease represents the changes in investments in associates and joint ventures due to disposals and change in capital adjustments arising from translations of financial statements of foreign investees and others.

 

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Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(e) Summarized financial information of associates and joint ventures as of and for years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:

 

  1) December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)                                  

Company

   Assets      Liabilities      Equity (deficit)     Sales      Net income (loss)  

[Domestic]

             

EQP POSCO Global NO1 Natual Resources PEF

   621,960         1,044         620,916        —           (576

SNNC

     826,597         528,246         298,351        345,836         41,117   

QSONE Co., Ltd.

     247,590         79,891         167,699        13,674         (603

Incheon-Gimpo Expressway Co., Ltd.

     337,639         172,464         165,175        —           (1,148

BLUE OCEAN Private Equity Fund

     361,810         247,573         114,237        574,476         8,489   

UITrans LRT Co., Ltd.

     169,574         117,996         51,578        —           (887

CHUNGJU ENTERPRISE CITY DEVELOPMENT Co., Ltd

     256,207         208,960         47,247        5,240         (14,789

KoFC POSCO HANWHA KB Shared Growth NO. 2. Private Equity Fund

     100,063         1,917         98,146        1,932         (4,238

KONES, Corp.

     3,756         3,155         601        7,269         (907

Gunggi Green Energy

     328,976         264,278         64,698        124,181         (4,720

POSCO MITSUBISHI CARBON TECHNOLOGY

     405,387         218,275         187,112        —           (4,725

POSCO ES MATERIALS

     64,088         19,602         44,486        13,403         (4,459

[Foreign]

             

South-East Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd.

     1,997,068         1,306,957         690,111        353,439         102,385   

7623704 Canada Inc.

     1,138,126         4         1,138,122        —           (612

Nickel Mining Company SAS

     410,230         140,860         269,370        133,975         (24,800

KOREA LNG LTD.

     393,581         45         393,536        94,936         93,067   

CAML RESOURCES PTY LTD

     159,281         38,591         120,690        172,093         (6,570

Zhongyue POSCO (Qinhuangdao) Tinplate Industrial Co., Ltd

     148,077         80,538         67,539        186,733         1,112   

PT. Batutua Tembaga Raya

     100,142         151,591         (51,449     1,309         (2,110

VSC POSCO Steel Corporation

     38,388         26,942         11,446        103,877         73   

PT. Wampu Electric Power

     172,950         138,012         34,938        43,184         670   

POSCO SeAH Steel Wire(Nantong) Co., Ltd.

     66,097         38,572         27,525        80,059         2,636   

Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd

     6,809,416         3,431,438         3,377,978        —           (118,264

POSCO-NPS Niobium LLC

     715,546         —           715,546        —           32,741   

CSP-Compania Siderurgica do Pecem

     3,060,008         1,467,004         1,593,004        —           (90,649

DMSA/AMSA

     8,938,860         5,918,665         3,020,195        695,505         (544,837

KOBRASCO

     234,595         35,021         199,574        99,677         60,712   

BX STEEL POSCO Cold Rolled Sheet Co., Ltd.

     816,813         448,854         367,959        1,290,490         3,771   

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                                   

Company

   Assets      Liabilities      Equity
(deficit)
     Sales      Net income (loss)  

[Domestic]

              

EQP POSCO Global NO1 Natual Resources PEF

   652,849         1,034         651,815         —           (3,684

SNNC

     504,351         235,830         268,521         405,419         8,458   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

     900,409         765,481         134,928         597,561         (98,435

QSONE Co., Ltd.

     247,592         79,399         168,193         882         (597

Incheon-Gimpo Expressway Co., Ltd.

     157,082         32,691         124,391         —           (1,473

BLUE OCEAN Private Equity Fund

     341,118         234,321         106,797         425,678         (7,321

UITrans LRT Co., Ltd.

     102,828         56,438         46,390         —           (925

CHUNGJU ENTERPRISE CITY DEVELOPMENT Co., Ltd

     284,290         222,246         62,044         10,224         (15,924

KoFC POSCO HANWHA KB Shared Growth NO. 2. Private Equity Fund

     55,195         1,712         53,483         1,064         (1,116

KONES, Corp.

     3,748         2,296         1,452         7,442         (1,612

Gunggi Green Energy

     333,027         263,608         69,419         21,577         (5,526

POSCO MITSUBISHI CARBON TECHNOLOGY

     243,644         51,747         191,897         —           89   

POSCO ES MATERIALS

     59,807         10,590         49,217         5,759         (3,926

[Foreign]

              

South-East Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd.

     1,755,847         1,195,935         559,912         19,878         (10,323

7623704 Canada Inc.

     1,161,363         15         1,161,348         —           (10

Nickel Mining Company SAS

     416,878         91,851         325,027         120,324         (39,686

KOREA LNG LTD.

     381,437         98         381,339         111,602         109,495   

CAML RESOURCES PTY LTD

     185,465         52,782         132,683         238,296         53,950   

Zhongyue POSCO (Qinhuangdao) Tinplate Industrial Co., Ltd

     133,554         67,202         66,352         205,453         3,859   

VSC POSCO Steel Corporation

     33,116         17,860         15,256         110,059         1,766   

PT. Wampu Electric Power

     122,733         89,862         32,871         27,042         (3,496

POSCO SeAH Steel Wire(Nantong) Co., Ltd.

     63,304         38,951         24,353         79,578         3,134   

Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd

     2,703,533         244,437         2,459,096         —           (302,248

POSCO-NPS Niobium LLC

     686,978         —           686,978         —           32,158   

CSP-Compania Siderurgica do Pecem

     1,520,989         78,847         1,442,142         —           (16,915

DMSA/AMSA

     8,636,317         5,190,558         3,445,759         —           (473

KOBRASCO

     203,467         13,001         190,466         70,428         42,852   

BX STEEL POSCO Cold Rolled Sheet Co., Ltd.

     776,557         418,958         357,599         1,479,765         5,359   

12. Joint Operations

Details of significant joint operations that the Company is participating in as a party to a joint arrangement as of December 31, 2014 are as follows:

 

Joint operations

   Operation      Ownership (%)    Location  

Myanmar A-1/A-3 mine

     Mine development       51.00      Myanmar   

Offshore midstream

     Mine development       51.00      Myanmar   

Greenhills mine

     Mine development       20.00      Canada   

Actos Anthracite coal project

     Mine development       20.00      Canada   

Mt. Thorley J/V

     Mine development       20.00      Australia   

POSMAC J/V

     Mine development       20.00      Australia   

CD J/V

     Mine development       5.00      Australia   

Intergra Coal J/V

     Mine development       2.35      Australia   

RUM J/V

     Mine development       10.00      Australia   

Camberwell Coal J/V

     Mine development       8.39      Australia   

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

13. Investment Property, Net

 

(a) Investment property as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

     2014      2013  
(in millions of Won)    Acquisition
cost
     Accumulated
depreciation and
impairment loss
    Book value      Acquisition
cost
     Accumulated
depreciation and
impairment loss
    Book value  

Land

   447,350         (31,838     415,512         200,468         (38,966     161,502   

Buildings

     681,924         (90,277     591,647         399,998         (160,805     239,193   

Structures

     4,058         (1,998     2,060         6,836         (3,237     3,599   

Construction-in-progress

     46,373         —          46,373         20,935         —          20,935   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
1,179,705      (124,113   1,055,592      628,237      (203,008   425,229   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2014, the fair value of investment property is ₩1,288,080 million, among which the Company evaluated the investment property of 6 subsidiaries, including DONG FANG JIN HONG, as its book value since it is believed that the book value of ₩812,591 million approximates fair value. Also, the Company used the prior year’s fair value for some of the investment property since it is believed to be approximately the same.

 

(b) Changes in the carrying value of investment property for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)                                              
     Beginning      Acquisitions      Business
combination
     Disposals     Depreciation(*1)     Others(*2)     Ending  

Land

   161,502         97,883         13         (20,500     —          176,614        415,512   

Buildings

     239,193         195,722         208         (19,212     (12,858     188,594        591,647   

Structures

     3,599         —           —           —          (413     (1,126     2,060   

Construction-in-progress

     20,935         112,998         —           —          —          (87,560     46,373   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
425,229      406,603      221      (39,712   (13,271   276,522      1,055,592   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Impairment losses of investment property amounting to ₩23 million are included.
(*2) Includes reclassification resulting from changing purpose of use, adjustment of foreign currency translation difference and others.

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Acquisitions      Business
combination
     Disposals     Depreciation     Others(*1)     Ending  

Land

   211,382         —           12,625         (4,410     —          (58,095     161,502   

Buildings

     304,503         10         8,432         (3,129     (12,008     (58,615     239,193   

Structures

     5,306         —           —           —          (314     (1,393     3,599   

Construction-in-progress

     —           20,935         —           —          —          —          20,935   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
521,191      20,945      21,057      (7,539   (12,322   (118,103   425,229   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Includes reclassification resulting from changing purpose of use, adjustment of foreign currency translation difference and others.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

14. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

 

(a) Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

    2014     2013  
(in millions of Won)   Acquisition cost     Accumulated
depreciation and

impairment loss
    Government
grants
    Book value     Acquisition
cost
    Accumulated
depreciation and

impairment loss
    Government
grants
    Book value  

Land

  2,801,288        —          —          2,801,288        2,719,989        (11,979     —          2,708,010   

Buildings

    8,824,462        (3,460,858     (4,280     5,359,324        8,112,980        (3,223,992     (153     4,888,835   

Structures

    5,106,863        (2,076,499     (201     3,030,163        4,649,271        (1,864,574     (110     2,784,587   

Machinery and equipment

    43,972,182        (22,771,455     (842     21,199,885        40,685,986        (21,242,212     (938     19,442,836   

Vehicles

    304,346        (247,611     (40     56,695        284,113        (233,080     —          51,033   

Tools

    360,625        (296,517     (39     64,069        346,018        (283,120     (45     62,853   

Furniture and fixtures

    577,126        (433,330     (14     143,782        568,313        (394,958     (203     173,152   

Finance lease assets

    162,154        (82,073     —          80,081        151,219        (50,695     —          100,524   

Construction-in-progress

    2,511,009        —          (5,101     2,505,908        5,553,322        —          (5,033     5,548,289   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
64,620,055      (29,368,343   (10,517   35,241,195      63,071,211      (27,304,610   (6,482   35,760,119   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(b) Changes in the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Acquisitions      Business
combination
     Disposals     Depreciation(*1)     Others(*2)     Ending  

Land

   2,708,010         92,645         146,755         (10,410     (1,839     (133,873     2,801,288   

Buildings

     4,888,835         97,701         72,483         (18,968     (372,445     691,718        5,359,324   

Structures

     2,784,587         42,341         15,525         (3,517     (223,487     414,714        3,030,163   

Machinery and equipment

     19,442,836         372,448         26,998         (45,777     (2,194,014     3,597,394        21,199,885   

Vehicles

     51,033         17,665         614         (2,136     (20,166     9,685        56,695   

Tools

     62,853         29,351         4,210         (578     (33,480     1,713        64,069   

Furniture and fixtures

     173,152         41,113         1,599         (2,291     (70,938     1,147        143,782   

Finance lease assets

     100,524         2,710         —           (31     (29,825     6,703        80,081   

Construction-in-progress

     5,548,289         2,804,568         19,156         (14,088     —          (5,852,017     2,505,908   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
35,760,119      3,500,542      287,340      (97,796   (2,946,194   (1,262,816   35,241,195   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Impairment losses of property, plant and equipment amounting to ₩64,833 million are included.
(*2) Includes reclassification for changing purpose of use, adjustment of foreign currency translation differences and others.

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Acquisitions      Business
combination
     Disposals     Depreciation(*1)     Others(*2)     Ending  

Land

   2,646,422         23,404         23,108         (24,548     —          39,624        2,708,010   

Buildings

     4,168,802         72,168         7,352         (48,278     (308,084     996,875        4,888,835   

Structures

     2,320,181         29,338         18,568         (7,633     (189,740     613,873        2,784,587   

Machinery and equipment

     16,532,204         740,682         9,634         (88,565     (1,867,408     4,116,289        19,442,836   

Vehicles

     60,154         10,326         700         (2,356     (19,402     1,611        51,033   

Tools

     69,851         20,638         304         (1,811     (33,494     7,365        62,853   

Furniture and fixtures

     183,380         31,578         1,087         (4,837     (72,062     34,006        173,152   

Finance lease assets

     57,224         670         —           (712     (12,766     56,108        100,524   

Construction-in-progress

     6,238,161         5,931,141         —           (10,369     —          (6,610,644     5,548,289   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
 32,276,379      6,859,945      60,753      (189,109   (2,502,956   (744,893   35,760,119   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Impairment losses of property, plant and equipment amounting to ₩9,742 million are included.
(*2) Includes reclassification for changing purpose of use, adjustments of foreign currency translation differences and others.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(c) Borrowing costs capitalized and the capitalized interest rate for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014     2013  

Weighted average expenditure

   1,772,492        6,442,564   

Borrowing costs capitalized

     76,566        290,117   

Capitalization rate

     4.32     4.50

 

(d) Property, plant and equipment and investment property pledged as collateral as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)  

Collateral right holder

  2014     2013  

Land(*1)

  Korean Development Bank and others   1,040,850        767,004   

Buildings and structures(*1)

  Korean Development Bank and others     1,324,597        1,112,855   

Machinery and equipment

  Korean Development Bank and others     3,594,331        3,343,747   

Tools

  Korean Development Bank     104        7,300   

Construction-in-progress

  The Export-Import Bank of Korea     —          382,339   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
5,959,882      5,613,245   
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Investment property is included.

15. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net

 

(a) Goodwill and other intangible assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

    2014     2013  
(in millions of Won)   Acquisition
cost
    Accumulated
amortization

and impairment
    Government
grants
    Book value     Acquisition
cost
    Accumulated
amortization

and impairment
    Government
grants
    Book value  

Goodwill

  1,932,065        (136,921     —          1,795,144        1,741,562        (125,624     —          1,615,938   

Intellectual property rights

    2,910,143        (146,544     (920     2,762,679        1,551,898        (76,026     (1,013     1,474,859   

Premium in rental

    150,438        (19,496     —          130,942        148,295        (17,028     —          131,267   

Development expense

    330,365        (161,263     (356     168,746        158,228        (95,780     (1,346     61,102   

Port facilities usage rights

    506,125        (349,681     —          156,444        504,331        (337,220     —          167,111   

Exploratation and evaluation assets

    123,025        (30,566     —          92,459        389,601        (29,853     —          359,748   

Mining development assets

    —          —          —          —          968,191        —          —          968,191   

Customer relationships

    859,023        (217,398     —          641,625        856,308        (163,428     —          692,880   

Other intangible assets

    1,698,979        (562,014     (15     1,136,950        843,705        (384,960     (1     458,744   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
8,510,163      (1,623,883   (1,291   6,884,989      7,162,119      (1,229,919   (2,360   5,929,840   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(2) The changes in carrying value of goodwill and other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)   Beginning     Acquisitions     Business
combination
(note 42)
    Disposals     Amortization     Impairment
loss
    Others(*3)     Ending  

Goodwill(*1)

  1,615,938        —          187,285        —          —          (11,297     3,218        1,795,144   

Intellectual property rights

    1,474,859        199,850        32        (218     (143,548     (27,720     1,259,424        2,762,679   

Premium in rental(*2)

    131,267        8,775        1,661        (4,484     (265     (2,609     (3,403     130,942   

Development expense

    61,102        18,032        2,659        (3,484     (56,453     (9,366     156,256        168,746   

Port facilities usage rights

    167,111        433        —          —          (12,462     —          1,362        156,444   

Exploratation and evaluation assets

    359,748        32,191        —          —          —          (718     (298,762     92,459   

Mining development assets

    968,191        1,484        —          —          —          —          (969,675     —     

Customer relationships

    692,880        —          —          —          (53,969     —          2,714        641,625   

Other intangible assets(*4)

    458,744        262,076        628,213        (665     (77,243     (717     (133,458     1,136,950   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
5,929,840      522,841      819,850      (8,851   (343,940   (52,427   17,676      6,884,989   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Business combination amounts include goodwill amounting to ₩180,418 million related to the acquisition of POSCO Plantec Co., Ltd.
(*2) Premium in rental includes memberships with indefinite useful lives.
(*3) Includes translation adjustment and reclassification.
(*4) For the year ended December 31, 2014, POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD. recognized other intangible assets and other provisions amounting to ₩169,000 million in relation to project financing agreements on the Urban Development Project in Gaepo-dong, Seoul. POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. recognized other intangible assets amounting to ₩539,405 million in relation to operation permit for electricity business when acquiring POSPOWER CO., Ltd.

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Acquisitions      Business
combination
     Disposals     Amortization     Impairment
loss
    Others(*3)     Ending  

Goodwill(*1)

   1,713,691         —           2,668         —          —          (103,436     3,015        1,615,938   

Intellectual property rights

     275,146         54,182         —           (291     (35,532     (10,313     1,191,667        1,474,859   

Premium in rental(*2)

     137,733         4,089         1,605         (4,382     (211     (4,457     (3,110     131,267   

Development expense

     60,931         13,717         2,032         —          (23,166     (5,675     13,263        61,102   

Port facilities usage rights

     83,122         —           —           —          (10,318     —          94,307        167,111   

Exploratation and evaluation assets

     479,728         4,669         —           —          —          —          (124,649     359,748   

Mining development assets

     1,643,306         289,016         —           —          —          —          (964,131     968,191   

Customer relationships

     750,732         —           —           —          (51,944     —          (5,908     692,880   

Other intangible assets

     517,971         211,627         684         (1,102     (58,843     (1,435     (210,158     458,744   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
5,662,360      577,300      6,989      (5,775   (180,014   (125,316   (5,704   5,929,840   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Business combination amounts include goodwill amounting to ₩2,668 million related to the acquisition of POSCO YongXin Rare Earth Metal Co., Ltd.
(*2) Premium in rental includes memberships with indefinite useful lives.
(*3) Includes translation adjustment and reclassification.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(c) For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to individually operating entities which are determined to be CGUs. The goodwill amounts as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)                                 

Reporting

segments

   Total number of CGUs                     
   2014      2013     

CGUs

   2014      2013  

Steel

     10         10       POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited    16,206         18,624   
         POSCO VST CO., LTD.      36,955         36,955   
         Others      13,623         14,084   

Trading

     3         3       Daewoo International Corporation(*1)      1,163,922         1,163,922   
         Others      9,918         9,711   

E&C

     5         4       POSCO Engineering Co., Ltd.(*2)      194,637         194,637   
         EPC EQUITIES LLP      44,719         44,412   
         POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. (*3)      180,418         —     
         Others      14,802         11,119   

Others

     9         10       PONUTech Co., Ltd      77,298         77,298   
         POSCO ENERGY Co., LTD.      26,471         26,471   
         Others      16,175         18,705   
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

  27      27    1,795,144      1,615,938   
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Recoverable amounts of Daewoo International Corporation are determined based on its value-in-use. As of December 31, 2014, value-in-use is estimated by applying 7.17% discount rate and 2.5% terminal growth rate with 5 years, the period for the estimated future cash flows, based on management’s business plan. The key assumption for the estimated future cash flow projections for the next 5 years is the revenue growth rate. The average annual growth rate of 7.86% is used based on the average growth rate of revenue in the past 5 years (2010 through 2014) and the Company’s business plan for next 5 years. No impairment loss of goodwill recognized during the year ended December 31, 2014 as the recoverable amount exceeded the carrying value of the CGU.

The estimated recoverable amount of CGU exceeded the carrying value by ₩212,085 million. Value-in-use of the CGU was affected by the assumption such as discount rate and terminal growth used in discount cash flow model. When the discount rate increases by 1%, value-in-use will be decreased by 9.17% and when the terminal growth rate decreases by 1%, value-in-use will be decreased by 5.36%.

Management believes that any reasonably possible change in the key assumption on which the recoverable amount is based would cause a change in impairment loss of goodwill.

 

(*2) Recoverable amounts of POSCO Engineering Company are determined based on its value-in-use. As of December 31, 2014, value-in-use is estimated by applying 9.17% discount rate and 1% terminal growth rate with 5 years. The estimated future cash flows for the next 5 years are based on management’s approved business plan. The most significant assumption on the cash flow projections for the next 5 years is the cash flows from construction projects based on the business plan. No impairment loss of goodwill was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2014 as the recoverable amount exceeded the carrying value of the CGU.

The estimated recoverable amounts of CGU exceeded the carrying value by ₩13,837 million. Value-in-use of the CGU was affected by the assumption such as discount rate and terminal growth used in discount cash flow model. When the discount rate increases by 0.25%, value-in-use will be decreased by 3.38% and when the terminal growth rate decreases by 0.25%, value-in-use will be decreased by 2.55%. The change has no effect on the impairment loss of the goodwill.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Management believes that any reasonably possible change in the key assumptions on which the recoverable amount is based would not cause the aggregate carrying amount to exceed the aggregate recoverable amount of the CGU.

 

(*3) Recoverable amount of POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. was determined based on fair value less cost to sell. No impairment loss of goodwill was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2014 as the recoverable amount exceeded the carrying value of the CGU.

16. Other Assets

Other current assets and other long-term assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)              
     2014      2013  

Current

     

Advance payments

   845,114         1,138,976   

Prepaid expenses

     129,914         130,272   

Others

     1,397         1,420   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
976,425      1,270,668   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Long-term advance payments

3,454      3,090   

Long-term prepaid expenses

  243,933      204,449   

Others(*1)

  260,162      157,659   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
507,549      365,198   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) As of December 31, 2014, the Company recognized assets amounting to ₩132,060 million in connection with the additional payment for prior years as a result of tax audits that were finalized in 2014 based on the Company’s best estimate of the tax amounts to be paid when the result of the Company’s appeal is finalized.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

17. Borrowings

 

(a) Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term borrowings as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)  

Bank

 

Issuance date

 

Maturity date

  Interest
rate(%)
  2014     2013  

Short-term borrowings

           

Bank overdrafts

 

Bank of America

and others

 

January, 2014~December,

2014

 

January, 2015~December,

2015

  0.1~6.0   105,673        100,211   

Short-term borrowings

  HSBC and others  

January, 2014~December,

2014

 

January, 2015~December,

2015

  0.4~12.3     9,138,804        7,256,486   
         

 

 

   

 

 

 
            9,244,477        7,356,697   
         

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current portion of long-term liabilities

           

Current portion of long-term borrowings

  Korea exim bank and others   June, 2003~December, 2014  

January, 2015~December,

2015

  0.5~9.0     1,159,090        856,188   

Less: Present value discount

            —          (59

Current portion of foreign loan

  NATIXIS   March, 1986   September, 2015   2.0     418        927   

Current portion of debentures

  Korean Development Bank and others  

August, 2009~March,

2014

 

February, 2015~December,

2015

  1.3~6.0     1,793,252        2,502,246   

Less: Current portion of discount on debentures issued

            (1,753     (2,353
         

 

 

   

 

 

 
            2,951,007        3,356,949   
         

 

 

   

 

 

 
          12,195,484        10,713,646   
         

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(b) Long-term borrowings, excluding current portion as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)   

Bank

   Issuance date    Maturity date    Interest
rate(%)
   2014     2013  

Long-term borrowings

   Korea exim bank and others    January, 1983~December,
2014
   January, 2016~December,
2099
   0.5~10.0    7,359,773        7,017,532   

Less: Present value discount

                 (109,949     (43,897

Foreign loan(*1)

   NATIXIS    March, 1986    March, 2017    2.0      627        1,140   

Bonds

   Korean Development Bank and others    August, 2006~December,
2014
   February, 2016~October,
2023
   0.9~6.3      8,009,547        8,590,965   

Less: Discount on debentures issued

                 (27,225     (45,372

Add: Premium on debentures redemption

                 —          12,591   
              

 

 

   

 

 

 
               15,232,773        15,532,959   
              

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Korea Development Bank has provided guarantees related to the foreign loan.

 

(c) Property, plant and equipment, trade and notes receivables, financial assets, available-for-sale financial assets and inventories amounting to ₩5,950,260 million, ₩27,621 million (three hundred eleven sheets of notes receivables), ₩15,156 million, ₩6,726 million and ₩344,146 million, respectively, are provided as collateral related to short-term borrowings, long-term borrowings and debentures.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

18. Other Payables

Other payables as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)              
     2014      2013  

Current

     

Accounts payable

   1,082,676         914,288   

Accrued expenses

     740,250         873,613   

Dividend payable

     12,077         11,709   

Finance lease liabilities

     21,888         14,218   

Withholdings

     337,822         315,026   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
2,194,713      2,128,854   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Accounts payable

81,344      116,160   

Accrued expenses

  25,886      25,358   

Finance lease liabilities

  24,815      39,257   

Long-term withholdings

  37,941      25,859   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
169,986      206,634   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

19. Other Financial Liabilities

Other financial liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)              
     2014      2013  

Current

     

Derivatives liabilities

   84,146         128,370   

Financial guarantee liabilities

     27,491         7,534   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
111,637      135,904   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Derivatives liabilities

64,926      229,096   

Financial guarantee liabilities

  26,169      30,925   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
91,095      260,021   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

20. Provisions

 

(a) Provisions as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  
     Current      Non-current      Current      Non-current  

Provision for bonus payments

   49,505         —           52,377         —     

Provision for construction warranties

     16,352         63,996         35,027         20,669   

Provision for legal contingencies and claims(*1)

     —           50,424         —           30,330   

Provisons for the restoration(*2)

     39,336         35,462         —           4,385   

Others(*3)

     44,837         73,357         19,925         90,888   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
150,030      223,239      107,329      146,272   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) The Company recognized probable outflow of resources amounting to ₩44,309 million and ₩17,549 million as provisions for legal contingencies and asserted claims in relation to lawsuits against the Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
(*2) Due to contamination of land near the Company’s magnesium plant located in Gangneung, the Company recognized a provision of ₩89,433 million related to restoration costs. When estimating related costs, the Company has assumed that it would use all of technologies and materials available to restore the land. In addition, the Company has applied a discount rate of 3.04% to measure the present value of these costs.
(*3) As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the amount includes a provision of ₩23,600 million and ₩74,888 million, respectively, for expected outflows of resources in connection with the subrogation and financial joint guarantee for the construction projects of POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Co., LTD.

 

(b) The following are the key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainties at the end of the reporting period.

 

    

Key assumptions for the estimation

Provision for bonus payments

   Estimations based on financial performance

Provision for construction warranties

   Estimations based on historical warranty data

Provision for legal contingencies and claims

   Estimations based on the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a sufficient reliable estimate of the amount of loss

 

(c) Changes in provisions for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Increase      Utilization     Reversal     Others(*1)      Ending  

Provision for bonus payments

   52,377         45,071         (46,761     (1,646     464         49,505   

Provision for construction warranties

     55,696         34,410         (15,719     (4,677     10,638         80,348   

Provision for legal contingencies and claims

     30,330         15,289         —          (7,716     12,521         50,424   

Provisons for the restoration

     4,385         89,565         (19,328     —          176         74,798   

Others

     110,813         282,406         (258,571     (19,523     3,069         118,194   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 
253,601      466,741      (340,379   (33,562   26,868      373,269   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Includes adjustments of foreign currency translation differences and others.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Increase      Utilization     Reversal     Others(*1)     Ending  

Provision for bonus payments

   42,904         48,362         (36,126     (2,058     (705     52,377   

Provision for construction warranties

     50,716         27,008         (15,356     (3,887     (2,785     55,696   

Provision for legal contingencies and claims

     30,920         5,090         (4,353     (1,327     —          30,330   

Provisons for the restoration

     4,371         130         —          —          (116     4,385   

Others

     49,018         85,947         (23,576     (1,597     1,021        110,813   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
177,929      166,537      (79,411   (8,869   (2,585   253,601   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Includes adjustments of foreign currency translation differences and others.

21. Employee Benefits

 

(a) Defined contribution plans

The expenses related to post-employment benefit plans under defined contribution plans for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Expense related to post-employment benefit under defined contribution plans

   23,414         19,126   

 

(b) Defined benefit plans

 

  1) The amounts recognized in relation to net defined benefit liabilities in the statements of financial position as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Present value of funded obligations

   1,713,074         1,515,426   

Fair value of plan assets

     (1,427,918      (1,247,483

Present value of non-funded obligations

     5,169         5,217   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net defined benefit liabilities

290,325      273,160   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) Changes in present value of defined benefit obligations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Defined benefit obligation at the beginning of period

   1,520,643         1,410,399   

Current service costs

     230,445         238,386   

Interest costs

     54,737         47,039   

Remeasurements:

     85,166         (12,615

- Gain from change in demograhpic assumptions

     18,911         (5,624

- Loss from change in financial assumptions

     54,131         7,667   

- Others

     12,124         (14,658

Business combinations

     48,695         11,379   

Benefits paid

     (160,792      (129,038

Others

     (60,651      (44,907
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Defined benefit obligation at the end of period

1,718,243      1,520,643   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  3) Changes in fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of period

   1,247,483         1,064,711   

Interest on plan assets

     47,296         37,677   

Remeasurement of plan assets

     (11,236      (1,482

Contributions to plan assets(*1)

     273,867         254,771   

Business combinations

     30,863         9,372   

Benefits paid

     (109,352      (82,624

Others

     (51,003      (34,942
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Fair value of plan assets at the end of period

1,427,918      1,247,483   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) The Company expects to make an estimated contribution of ₩272,767 million to the defined benefit plan assets in 2015.

 

  4) The fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Equity instruments

   43,010         35,364   

Debt instruments

     236,665         98,686   

Deposits

     997,414         958,509   

Others

     150,829         154,924   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,427,918      1,247,483   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  5) The amounts recognized in consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current service costs

   230,445         238,386   

Net interest costs(*1)

     7,441         9,362   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
237,886      247,748   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) The actual return on plan assets amounted to ₩36,060 million and ₩36,195 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The above expenses by function were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Cost of sales

   172,668         180,090   

Selling and administrative expenses

     64,960         66,327   

Others

     258         1,331   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
237,886      247,748   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  6) Accumulated actuarial gains (losses), net of tax recognized in other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Beginning

   (239,005      (245,229

Current actuarial gains (losses)

     (75,101      6,224   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending

(314,106   (239,005
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  7) The principal actuarial assumptions as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(%)    2014      2013  

Discount rate

     2.58~8.58         3.47~4.91   

Expected future increase in salaries(*1)

     1.00~10.22         1.07~5.75   

 

(*1) The expected future increase in salaries is based on the average salary increase rate for the past three years.

All assumptions are reviewed at the end of the reporting period. Additionally, the total estimated defined benefit obligation includes actuarial assumptions associated with the long-term characteristics of the defined benefit plan.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  8) Reasonably possible changes at the reporting date to one of the relevant actuarial assumptions, holding other assumptions constant, would have affected the defined benefit obligation by the amounts shown below:

 

(in millions of Won)    1% Increase      1% Decrease  
     Amount      Percentage(%)      Amount      Percentage(%)  

Discount rate

   (126,866      (7.4      143,406         8.3   

Expected future increases in salaries

     143,117         8.3         (107,206      (6.2

 

  9) As of December 31, 2014 the maturity of the expected benefit payments are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    Within
1 year
     1 year
- 5 years
     5 years
- 10 years
     10 years
- 20 years
     After
20 years
     Total  

Benefits paid

   49,514         292,921         747,429         959,413         283,963         2,333,240   

The maturity analysis of the defined benefit obligation was nominal amounts of defined benefit obligations using expected remaining working lives of employees.

22. Other Liabilities

Other liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Due to customers for contract work

   1,041,946         898,605   

Advances received

     763,168         1,176,621   

Unearned revenue

     21,627         29,217   

Withholdings

     167,002         192,497   

Deferred revenue

     —           202   

Others(*1)

     236,021         268,032   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
2,229,764      2,565,174   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Advances received

108,496      201,432   

Unearned revenue

  1,170      1,465   

Others(*1)

  45,987      57,954   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
155,653      260,851   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Includes other current liabilities amounting to ₩214,731 million, ₩261,855 million and other long-term liabilities amounting to ₩8,819 million and ₩8,935 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, due to proportionate consolidation of joint operations which are owned by POSCO’s subsidiaries including MT. Thorley.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

23. Financial Instruments

 

(a) Classification of financial instruments

 

  1) Financial assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     

Derivatives assets held for trading

   96,266         78,222   

Available-for-sale financial assets

     2,420,241         4,166,384   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     17,093         3,834   

Loans and receivables

     19,501,763         21,206,326   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
22,035,363      25,454,766   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  2) Financial liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

     

Derivatives liabilities held for trading

   149,072         357,466   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities evaluated as amortized cost

Trade accounts and note payable

  4,039,255      4,231,881   

Borrowings

  27,428,257      26,246,605   

Financial guarantee liabilities

  53,660      38,459   

Others

  2,101,354      2,253,989   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  33,622,526      32,770,934   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
33,771,598      33,128,400   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  3) Finance income and costs by category of financial instrument for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

   December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Finance income and costs        
     Interest
income(cost)
    Gain and loss
on valuation
    Gain and loss
on foreign
currency
    Gain and
loss on
disposal
    Impairment
loss
    Others     Total     Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

   —          72,466        —          256,941        —          —          329,407        —     

Available-for-sale financial assets

     309        —          —          181,774        (369,723     47,825        (139,815     (333,891

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     260        —          —          —          —          (244     16        —     

Loans and receivables

     227,685        —          301,623        (20,912     —          (255     508,141        —     

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

     —          (98,003     —          (282,638     —          —          (380,641     —     

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

     (795,585     —          (288,513     (38,594     —          (19,641     (1,142,333     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   (567,331     (25,537     13,110        96,571        (369,723     27,685        (825,225     (333,891
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Finance income and costs        
     Interest
income(cost)
    Gain and loss
on valuation
    Gain and loss
on foreign
currency
    Gain and
loss on
disposal
    Impairment
loss
    Others     Total     Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

   549        67,951        —          348,126        —          —          416,626        —     

Available-for-sale financial assets

     4,010        —          —          101,842        (280,237     59,181        (115,204     412,346   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     480        —          —          —          —          84        564        —     

Loans and receivables

     255,359        —          (49,541     (20,009     —          (145     185,664        —     

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

     —          (287,864     —          (264,739     —          —          (552,603     —     

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

     (657,681     —          285,922        —          —          (11,703     (383,462     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   (397,283     (219,913     236,381        165,220        (280,237     47,417        (448,415     412,346   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(b) Credit risk

 

  1) Credit risk exposure

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk. The maximum exposure to credit risk as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Cash and cash equivalents

   3,811,202         4,208,562   

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     96,266         78,222   

Available-for-sale financial assets

     125,486         97,618   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

     17,093         3,834   

Loans and other receivables

     3,825,170         5,408,163   

Trade accounts and notes receivable, net

     11,786,055         11,492,601   

Long-term trade accounts and notes receivable, net

     79,336         97,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
19,740,608      21,386,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company provided financial guarantees for the repayment of loans of associates, joint ventures and third parties. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the maximum exposure to credit risk related to the financial guarantees amounted to ₩4,780,700 million and ₩4,520,052 million, respectively.

 

  2) Impairment losses on financial assets

 

   Allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Trade accounts and notes receivable

   605,470         439,073   

Other accounts receivable

     94,579         81,470   

Loans

     234,107         127,990   

Other assets

     19,997         13,118   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
954,153      661,651   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  Impairment losses on financial assets for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Bad debt expenses on trade receivables

   108,933         90,119   

Impairment of available-for-sale financial assets

     369,723         280,237   

Other bad debt expenses(*1)

     96,373         111,065   

Impairment of held-to-maturity financial assets

     319         —     

Less: Recovery of impairment of held-to-maturity financial assets

     (75      (84
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
575,273      481,337   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Other bad debt expenses are mainly related to other receivables and loans.

 

  ƒ The aging and impairment losses of trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  
     Trade accounts and
notes receivable
     Impairment      Trade accounts and
notes receivable
     Impairment  

Not due

   8,721,366         53,093         8,465,892         48,147   

Over due less than 1

     1,867,838         7,171         1,849,829         12,675   

1 month - 3 months

     273,981         3,323         239,498         3,124   

3 months - 12 months

     201,213         16,893         503,171         10,681   

over 12 months

     1,406,463         524,990         970,284         364,446   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
12,470,861      605,470      12,028,674      439,073   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Beginning

   661,651         474,877   

Bad debt expenses

     108,933         90,119   

Other bad debt expenses

     96,373         111,065   

Others

     87,196         (14,410
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending

954,153      661,651   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  (c) Liquidity risk

 

  1) Contractual maturities for non-derivative financial liabilities, including estimated interest, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    Book value      Contractual
cash flow
     Within
1 year
     1 year
- 5 years
     After
5 years
 

Trade accounts payable

   4,039,255         4,039,255         3,950,786         88,469         —     

Financial guarantee liabilities(*1)

     53,660         4,780,700         4,780,700         —           —     

Other financial liabilities

     2,101,354         2,101,354         1,931,368         169,986         —     

Borrowings

     27,428,257         30,185,854         13,231,111         11,066,493         5,888,250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
33,622,526      41,107,163      23,893,965      11,324,948      5,888,250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) For issued financial guarantee contracts, the maximum amount of the guarantee is allocated to the earliest period in which the guarantee could be called.

 

  2) The maturity analysis of derivative financial liabilities is as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    Within
1 year
     1 year
- 5 years
     After 5
years
     Total  

Currency forward

   29,080         13,115         —           42,195   

Currency futures

     54,102         —           —           54,102   

Currency swaps

     —           48,581         3,230         51,811   

Interest swaps

     349         —           —           349   

Other forwards

     615         —           —           615   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
84,146      61,696      3,230      149,072   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(d) Currency risk

 

  1) The Company has exposure to the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of the changes in foreign exchange rates. The exposure to currency risk as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  
     Assets      Liabilities      Assets      Liabilities  

USD

   4,771,164         8,328,804         3,929,623         8,953,287   

EUR

     387,102         683,685         365,021         408,542   

JPY

     185,891         1,145,643         482,691         1,727,946   

Others

     140,699         45,414         372,715         212,287   

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, provided that functional currency against foreign currencies other than functional currency hypothetically strengthens or weakens by 10%, the changes in gain or loss during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  
     10% increase      10% decrease      10% increase      10% decrease  

USD

   (355,764      355,764         (502,366      502,366   

EUR

     (29,658      29,658         (4,352      4,352   

JPY

     (95,975      95,975         (124,526      124,526   

 

(e) Interest rate risk

 

  1) The carrying amount of interest-bearing financial instruments as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Fixed rate

     

Financial assets

   6,250,418         8,195,153   

Financial liabilities

     (17,258,183      (15,633,891
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
(11,007,765   (7,438,738
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Variable rate

Financial liabilities

(10,170,074   (10,612,712
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  2) Sensitivity analysis on the fair value of financial instruments with fixed interest rate

The Company does not account for any fixed rate financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, and the Company does not designate derivatives (interest rate swaps) as hedging instruments under a fair value hedge accounting model. Therefore a change in interest rates at the reporting date would not affect profit or loss.

 

  3) Sensitivity analysis on the fair value of financial instruments with variable interest rate

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, provided that other factors remain the same and the interest rate of borrowings with floating rates increases or decreases by 1%, the changes in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  
     1% increase     1% decrease      1% increase     1% decrease  

Variable rate financial instruments

   (101,701     101,701         (106,127     106,127   

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(f) Fair value

 

  1) Fair value and book value

The carrying amount and the fair value of financial instruments as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  
     Book value      Fair value      Book value      Fair value  

Assets measured at fair value

           

Available-for-sale financial assets(*1)

   1,963,289         1,963,289         3,560,515         3,560,515   

Derivatives assets held for trading(*2)

     96,266         96,266         78,222         78,222   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  2,059,555      2,059,555      3,638,737      3,638,737   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Assets measured amortized cost(*3)

Cash and cash equivalents

  3,811,202      3,811,202      4,208,562      4,208,562   

Trade accounts and notes receivable, net

  11,865,391      11,865,391      11,589,601      11,589,601   

Loans and other receivables, net

  3,825,170      3,825,170      5,408,163      5,408,163   

Held-to-maturity financial assets

  17,093      17,093      3,834      3,834   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  19,518,856      19,518,856      21,210,160      21,210,160   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities measured at fair value

Derivatives liabilities held for trading(*2)

  149,072      149,072      357,466      357,466   

Liabilities measured amortized cost(*3)

Trade accounts and notes payable

  4,039,255      4,039,255      4,231,881      4,231,881   

Borrowings

  27,428,257      27,756,615      26,246,605      26,550,721   

Financial guarantee liabilities

  53,660      53,660      38,459      38,459   

Others

  2,101,354      2,101,354      2,253,989      2,253,989   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
33,622,526      33,950,884      32,770,934      33,075,050   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) The fair value of available-for-sale financial assets publicly traded is measured at the closing bid price quoted at the end of the reporting period. Meanwhile, the fair value of unquoted available-for-sale financial assets is calculated using the valuation results from an external pricing service in which weighted average cost of capital of evaluated companies is used as a discount rate. Available-for-sale financial assets which are not measured at fair value are excluded.
(*2) The fair value of derivatives is measured using valuation models such as Black-Scholes model and others in which the market yields on government bonds are used as a discount rate.
(*3) The fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost is determined at the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the current market interest rate. The fair value is calculated for the disclosures in the notes. On the other hand, the Company has not performed fair value measurement for the financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost except borrowings since their carrying amounts approximate fair value.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) Interest rates used for determining fair value

Interest rates used to discount estimated cash flows as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

     2014      2013  

Interest rate of borrowings(%)

     0.22~4.92         0.76~5.18   

 

  3) The fair value hierarchy

 

   The fair values of financial instruments by fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

a. December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets

           

Available-for-sale financial assets

   1,808,384         —           154,905         1,963,289   

Derivatives assets held for trading

     —           96,266         —           96,266   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  1,808,384      96,266      154,905      2,059,555   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities

Derivatives liabilities held for trading

—        149,072      —        149,072   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

b. December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets

           

Available-for-sale financial assets

   2,816,484         —           744,031         3,560,515   

Derivatives assets held for trading

     —           78,222         —           78,222   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  2,816,484      78,222      744,031      3,638,737   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities

Derivatives liabilities held for trading

—        357,466      —        357,466   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  Changes in fair value of financial instruments classified as Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Beginning

   744,031         758,673   

Valuation

     (60,445      (15,423

Acquisition and others(*1)

     65,232         19,766   

Disposal and others(*2)

     (593,913      (18,985
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending

154,905      744,031   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Included transferred amount due to change in fair value hierarchy.
(*2) Included ₩580,062 million transfer to assets held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(g) Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, financial assets and financial liabilities subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements are as follows:

 

  1) December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)                     Related amounts not set off in
the statement of financial position
       
    Gross amounts
of recognized
financial
instruments
    Gross amounts of
recognized
financial instruments
set off in the
statement of

financial position
    Net amounts of
financial instruments
presented in
the statement of
financial position
    Financial
instruments
    Cash collateral
received or
pledged
    Net
amount
 

Financial assets

           

Trade accounts and notes receivable

  106,985        —          106,985        (106,985     —          —     

Derivatives(*1)

    79,286        —          79,286        (79,286     —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  186,271      —        186,271      (186,271   —        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities

Short-term borrowings

  106,985      —        106,985      (106,985   —        —     

Derivatives(*1)

  128,980      —        128,980      (79,286   (6,912   42,782   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

235,965      —        235,965      (186,271   (6,912   42,782   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Some of the derivative contracts are made under International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master netting agreements. In general, under such agreements the amounts owed by each counter party on a single day in respect of all transactions outstanding in the same currency are aggregated into a single net amount that is payable by one party to the other. In certain circumstances (i.e. when a default occurs), all standing transactions under the agreement are terminated, the termination value is assessed and only a single amount is payable in settlement of all transactions.

 

  2) December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                     Related amounts not set off in
the statement of financial position
       
    Gross amounts
of recognized
financial
instruments
    Gross amounts of
recognized
financial instruments
set off in the
statement of

financial position
    Net amounts of
financial instruments
presented in
the statement of
financial position
    Financial
instruments
    Cash collateral
received or
pledged
    Net
amount
 

Financial assets

           

Trade accounts and notes receivable

  73,956        —          73,956        (73,956     —          —     

Derivatives

    64,408        —          64,408        (64,408     —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  138,364      —        138,364      (138,364   —        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities

Short-term borrowings

  73,956      —        73,956      (73,956   —        —     

Derivatives

  108,405      —        108,405      (64,408   (3,410   40,587   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

182,361      —        182,361      (138,364   (3,410   40,587   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

24. Share Capital and Capital Surplus

 

(a) Share capital as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(Share, in Won)    2014      2013  

Authorized shares

     200,000,000         200,000,000   

Par value

   5,000         5,000   

Issued shares(*1)

     87,186,835         87,186,835   

Shared capital(*2)

   482,403,125,000         482,403,125,000   

 

(*1) As of December 31, 2014, total shares of ADRs of 51,622,460 are equivalent to 12,905,615 of common stock.
(*2) As of December 31, 2014, the difference between the ending balance of common stock and the par value of issued common stock is ₩46,469 million due to retirement of 9,293,790 treasury stocks.

 

(b) The changes in issued common stock for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(share)    2014      2013  
     Issued shares      Treasury shares     outstanding shares      Issued shares      Treasury shares     outstanding shares  

Beginning

     87,186,835         (7,403,211     79,783,624         87,186,835         (9,942,391     77,244,444   

Disposal of treasury shares

     —           209,404        209,404         —           2,539,180        2,539,180   

Ending

     87,186,835         (7,193,807     79,993,028         87,186,835         (7,403,211     79,783,624   

 

(c) Capital surplus as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Share premium

   463,825         463,825   

Gain on disposal of treasury shares

     783,791         769,215   

Other capital deficit

     (163,898      (154,774
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,083,718      1,078,266   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

25. Hybrid Bonds

 

(a) Hybrid bonds classified as equity as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    Date of issue      Date of maturity      Rate of interest (%)      2014      2013  

Hybrid bond 1-1(*1)

     2013-06-13         2043-06-13         4.30       800,000         800,000   

Hybrid bond 1-2(*1)

     2013-06-13         2043-06-13         4.60         200,000         200,000   

Issuance cost

              (3,081      (3,081
           

 

 

    

 

 

 
996,919      996,919   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Details of hybrid bonds as of December 31, 2014 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)  

Hybrid bond 1-1

  

Hybrid bond 1-2

Issue price   800,000    200,000
Maturity date   30 years (The Company has a right to extend the maturity date)    30 years (The Company has a right to extend the maturity date)
Interest rate   Issue date ~ 2018-06-12 : 4.3%    Issue date ~ 2023-06-12 : 4.6%
  reset every 5 years as follows;    reset every 10 years as follows;
 

 

•  After 5 years : return on government bond (5 years) + 1.3%

  

 

•  After 10 years : return on government bond (10 years)
+ 1.4%

 

 

•  After 10 years : additionally +0.25% according to Step-up clauses

  

 

•  After 10 years : additionally +0.25% according to Step-up clauses

 

 

•  After 25 years : additionally +0.75%

  

 

•  After 30 years : additionally +0.75%

Interest payments condition   Quarterly    Quarterly
  (Optional deferral of interest payment is available to the Company)    (Optional deferral of interest payment is available to the Company)
Others   The Company can call the hybrid bond at year 5 and interest payment date afterwards    The Company can call the hybrid bond at year 10 and interest payment date afterwards

The Company holds the right to extend the maturity dates of the hybrid bonds and to defer interest payments for the hybrid bonds. If interest payments for the hybrid bonds are deferred, the Company cannot declare or pay dividends attributable to common stock. Since the Company has an unconditional right to avoid delivering cash or another financial asset to settle a contractual obligation, the hybrid bonds have been classified as equity instruments. The hybrid bond holders’ preference in the event of liquidation is higher than the common stock holders, but lower than other creditors. The interest accumulated but not paid on the hybrid bonds as of December 31, 2014 amounts to ₩2,301 million.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) POSCO ENERGY Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, issued hybrid bonds, which are classified as non-controlling interests in the consolidated financial statements. Hybrid bonds as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    Date of issue      Date of maturity      Interest rate(%)      2014      2013  

Hybrid bond 1-1(*1)

     2013-08-29         2043-08-29         4.66       165,000         165,000   

Hybrid bond 1-2(*1)

     2013-08-29         2043-08-29         4.72         165,000         165,000   

Hybrid bond 1-3(*1)

     2013-08-29         2043-08-29         4.72         30,000         30,000   

Hybrid bond 1-4(*1)

     2013-08-29         2043-08-29         5.21         140,000         140,000   

Issuance cost

              (1,532      (1,532
           

 

 

    

 

 

 
498,468      498,468   
           

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Details of hybrid bonds of POSCO ENERGY Co., Ltd. as of December 31, 2014 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)  

Hybrid bond 1-1

 

Hybrid bond 1-2 and 1-3

 

Hybrid bond 1-4

Issue price   165,000   195,000   140,000
Maturity date   30 years (The Company has a right to extend the maturity date)   30 years (The Company has a right to extend the maturity date)   30 years (The Company has a right to extend the maturity date)
Interest rate   Issue date ~ 2018-08-29 : 4.66% reset every 5 years as follows;   Issue date ~ 2018-08-29 : 4.72% reset every 5 years as follows;   Issue date ~ 2018-08-29 : 5.21% reset every 5 years as follows;
 

 

•  After 5 years: return on government bond (5 years)
+ 1.39%

 

 

•  After 5 years : return on government bond (5 years)
+ 1.45%

 

 

•  After 5 years : return on government bond (5 years)
+ 1.55%

 

 

•  After 10 years : additionally +0.25% according to Step-up clauses

 

 

•  After 10 years : additionally +0.25% according to Step-up clauses

 

 

•  After 10 years : additionally +0.25% according to Step-up clauses

 

 

•  After 30 years : additionally +0.75%

 

 

•  After 30 years : additionally +0.75%

 

 

•  After 30 years : additionally +0.75%

Interest payments condition   Quarterly   Quarterly   Quarterly
  (Optional deferral of interest payment is available to the Company)   (Optional deferral of interest payment is available to the Company)   (Optional deferral of interest payment is available to the Company)
Others   The Company can call the hybrid bond at year 5 and interest payment date afterwards   The Company can call the hybrid bond at year 5 and interest payment date afterwards   The Company can call the hybrid bond at year 5 and interest payment date afterwards

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD., a subsidiary, holds the right to extend the maturity dates of the hybrid bonds and to defer interest payments for the hybrid bonds. If interest payments for the hybrid bonds are deferred, POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. cannot declare or pay dividends attributable to common stock. Since the subsidiary has an unconditional right to avoid delivering cash or another financial asset to settle a contractual obligation, the hybrid bonds have been classified as equity (non-controlling interests) in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The hybrid bond holders’ preference in the event of liquidation is higher than the common stock holders, but lower than other creditors. The interest accumulated but not paid on the hybrid bonds as of December 31, 2014 amounts to ₩2,063 million.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

26. Reserves

 

(a) Reserves as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  
Accumulated comprehensive loss of investments in associates and joint ventures    (344,942      (295,946

Changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments

     144,783         480,409   

Currency translation differences

     (187,740      (189,085

Others

     (20,874      (18,454
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
(408,773   (23,076
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(b) Changes in fair value of available-for-sale investments for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Beginning balance

   480,409         67,956   

Changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments

     (411,671      312,196   

Reclassification to profit of loss upon disposal

     (176,124      (73,848

Impairment of available-for-sale investments

     267,920         170,892   

Others

     (15,751      3,213   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance

144,783      480,409   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

27. Treasury Shares

Based on the Board of Directors’ resolution, the Company holds treasury shares for business purposes including price stabilization. The changes in treasury shares for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

     2014      2013  
(shares, in millions of Won)    Number of
shares
     Amount      Number of
shares
     Amount  

Beginning

     7,403,211       1,579,124         9,942,391       2,391,406   

Disposal of treasury shares

     (209,404      (44,667      (2,539,180      (812,282
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending

  7,193,807    1,534,457      7,403,211    1,579,124   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

28. Revenue

Details of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Sales of goods

   53,636,957         50,921,090   

Service sales

     2,962,404         3,614,227   

Construction sales

     8,137,773         6,886,007   

Rental income

     18,876         24,735   

Others

     342,435         418,591   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
65,098,445      61,864,650   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

29. Construction Contracts

 

(a) Construction contracts in progress as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in million of Won)    2014      2013  

Aggregate amount of costs incurred

   12,235,027         10,380,202   

Add: Recognized profits

     801,060         950,010   

Less: Recognized losses

     (449,227      (467,023

Cumulative construction revenue

     12,586,860         10,863,189   

Less: Progress billing

     (12,039,346      (10,145,691

Foreign currency gains and losses

     (5,721      (1,379

Others

     (55,312      (39,795
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
486,481      676,324   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(b) Unbilled amount due from customers and due to customers for contract work as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in million of Won)    2014      2013  

Unbilled due from customers for contract work

   1,528,427         1,574,929   

Due to customers for contract work

     (1,041,946      (898,605
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
486,481      676,324   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(c) When the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognized in profit or loss in proportion to the stage of completion of the contract. The Company estimates the stage of completion of the contract based on the proportion that contract costs incurred for work performed to date bear to the estimated total contract costs.

The estimated total contract costs are based on the nature and characteristics of an individual contract, historical costs of similar projects, and current circumstances. Only those contract costs that reflect work performed are included in costs incurred to date.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

The following are the key assumptions for the estimated contract cost.

 

    

Key assumptions for the estimation

Material    Estimations based on recent purchasing contracts, market price and quoted price
Labor cost    Estimations based on standard monthly and daily labor cost
Outsourcing cost    Estimations based on the historical costs of similar projects, market price and quoted price

Management continually reviews all estimates involved in such construction contracts and adjusts them as necessary.

30. Selling and Administrative Expenses

 

(a) Administrative expenses

Administrative expenses for years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Wages and salaries

   781,433         754,819   

Expenses related to post-employment benefits

     66,744         67,482   

Other employee benefits

     174,131         165,751   

Travel

     50,257         53,003   

Depreciation and amortization

     273,220         228,496   

Communication

     9,579         14,601   

Electricity expenses

     11,746         13,389   

Taxes and public dues

     55,647         55,177   

Rental

     137,366         110,191   

Repairs

     13,924         5,708   

Entertainment

     17,633         17,295   

Advertising

     104,485         105,663   

Research & development

     175,195         192,805   

Service fees

     215,974         240,034   

Supplies

     10,856         15,031   

Vehicles maintenance

     12,685         12,109   

Industry association fee

     11,856         11,924   

Training

     9,979         12,056   

Conference

     17,620         17,004   

Contribution to provisions

     16,056         19,075   

Bad debt allowance

     108,933         90,119   

Others

     34,437         30,073   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
2,309,756      2,231,805   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Selling expenses

Selling expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Freight and custody expenses

   1,551,705         1,432,935   

Operating expenses for distribution center

     10,782         9,838   

Sales commissions

     66,359         73,922   

Sales advertising

     4,615         3,228   

Sales promotion

     25,777         27,129   

Sample

     3,477         4,751   

Sales insurance premium

     39,538         27,031   

Contract cost

     49,891         37,323   

Others

     7,974         15,963   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,760,118      1,632,120   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

31. Research and Development Expenditures Recognized as Expenses

Research and development expenditures recognized as expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Selling and administrative expenses

   175,195         192,805   

Cost of sales

     353,149         369,842   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
528,344      562,647   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

32. Reconciliation of Operating Profit

The operating profit in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with K-IFRS differs from that in its consolidated statements of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by IASB. The table below sets forth a reconciliation of the Company’s results from operating activities as presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with K-IFRS for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 to the operating profit as presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by IASB for each of the corresponding years.

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Operating profits on the statement of comprehensive income (K-IFRS)(note 34)

   3,213,530         2,996,134   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Add

Gains on disposals of assets held for sale

  48,232      101,611   

Gains on disposals of investment in associates

  41,258      7,668   

Gains on disposals of property, plant and equipment

  15,039      14,177   

Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets

  2,794      122   

Reversal of other provision expenses

  19,769      2,924   

Retal revenues

  1,743      1,588   

Outsourcing income

  14,200      25,428   

Gain on disposals of wastes

  11,357      16,541   

Gain from claim compensation

  29,171      14,525   

Penalty income from early termination of contracts

  34,606      16,477   

Grant income

  1,441      2,287   

Others

  49,796      25,725   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  269,406      229,073   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deduct

Other bad debt expenses

  (96,373   (111,065

Losses on disposals of assets held for sale

  (14   (26,498

Impairment losses on assets held for sale

  (17,205   (1,814

Losses on disposals of property, plant and equipment

  (50,006   (121,133

Impairment losses on property, plant and equipment

  (64,833   (9,742

Impairment losses on intangible assets

  (55,220   (125,316

Idle tangible assets expenses

  (12,214   (17,624

Impairment losses on other non-current assets

  (38,137   (9,000

Other provision expenses

  (126,601   (65,896

Donations

  (69,544   (60,940

Loss on disposals of investment in associates

  (2,556   (19,404

Loss on disposals of wastes

  (16,386   (15,231

Penalty and additional tax payments

  (352,173   (19,340

Others

  (78,412   (47,803
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  (979,674   (650,806
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating profit (IFRS as issued by IASB)

2,503,262      2,574,401   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

33. Finance Income and Costs

Details of finance income and costs for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Finance income

     

Interest income

   228,254         260,398   

Dividend income

     47,825         59,181   

Gain on foreign currency transactions

     1,022,253         997,591   

Gain on foreign currency translations

     453,471         511,143   

Gains on derivatives transactions

     327,738         370,343   

Gains on valuations of derivatives

     73,279         72,297   

Gains on disposals of available-for-sale financial assets

     236,484         105,563   

Others

     7,458         4,322   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
2,396,762      2,380,838   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Finance costs

Interest expenses

795,585      657,681   

Loss on foreign currency transactions

  1,033,723      927,453   

Loss on foreign currency translations

  428,891      344,900   

Loss on derivatives transactions

  353,435      286,574   

Loss on valuation of derivatives

  101,330      291,465   

Impairment loss on available-for-sale financial assets

  369,723      280,237   

Loss on disposals of available-for-sale financial assets

  54,710      3,721   

Loss on financial guarantee

  10,077      5,880   

Others

  74,513      31,342   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
3,221,987      2,829,253   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

34. Other Non-Operating Income and Expenses

Details of other non-operating income and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Other non-operating income

     

Gains on disposals of assets held for sale

   48,232         101,611   

Gains on disposals of investment in associates

     41,258         7,668   

Gains on disposals of property, plant and equipment

     15,039         14,177   

Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets

     2,794         122   

Reversal of other provision expenses

     19,769         2,924   

Retal revenues

     1,743         1,588   

Outsourcing income

     14,200         25,428   

Gain on disposals of wastes

     11,357         16,541   

Gain from claim compensation

     29,171         14,525   

Penalty income from early termination of contracts

     34,606         16,477   

Grant income

     1,441         2,287   

Others

     49,796         25,725   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
269,406      229,073   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other non-operating expenses

Other bad debt expenses

96,373      111,065   

Losses on disposals of assets held for sale

  14      26,498   

Impairment losses on assets held for sale

  17,205      1,814   

Losses on disposals of property, plant and equipment

  50,006      121,133   

Impairment losses on property, plant and equipment

  64,833      9,742   

Impairment losses on intangible assets

  55,220      125,316   

Idle tangible assets expenses

  12,214      17,624   

Impairment losses on other non-current assets

  38,137      9,000   

Other provision expenses

  126,601      65,896   

Donations

  69,544      60,940   

Loss on disposals of investment in associates

  2,556      19,404   

Loss on disposals of wastes

  16,386      15,231   

Penalty and additional tax payments (*1)

  352,173      19,340   

Others

  78,412      47,803   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
979,674      650,806   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) As a result of Korea National Tax Service’s periodic audit of tax payments and refunds of the Company, the Company recognized additional tax payments amounting to ₩271,646 million, primarily related to VAT, during the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

35. Expenses by Nature

Expenses that are recorded by nature as cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses and other non-operating expenses in the statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows (excluding finance costs and income tax expense):

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Changes in inventories

   9,439,560         12,163,136   

Cost of merchandises sold

     30,899,849         25,909,164   

Employee benefits expenses(*2)

     3,197,902         3,174,316   

Outsourced processing cost

     9,294,977         9,462,946   

Electricity expenses

     1,370,390         1,109,765   

Depreciation expenses(*1)

     2,894,609         2,505,536   

Amortization expenses

     343,940         180,014   

Freight and custody expenses

     1,551,705         1,432,935   

Sales commissions

     66,359         73,922   

Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

     50,006         121,133   

Donations

     69,544         60,940   

Other expenses

     3,685,748         3,325,515   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
62,864,589      59,519,322   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Includes depreciation expense of investment property.
(*2) The details of employee benefits expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Wages and salaries

   2,936,602         2,907,442   

Expenses related to post-employment benefits

     261,300         266,874   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
3,197,902      3,174,316   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

36. Income Taxes

 

(a) Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current income taxes

   790,055         615,771   

Deferred income taxes

     (82,075      108,034   

Items credited (charged) directly in equity

     113,505         (132,808
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income tax expense

821,485      590,997   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) The following table reconciles the calculated income tax expense based on POSCO’s statutory rates (24.2%) to the actual amount of taxes recorded by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

 

(in millions of Won)    2014     2013  

Profit before income tax expense

   1,378,144        1,946,177   

Income tax expense computed at statutory rate

     333,049        470,975   

Adjustments:

  

Tax credits

     (49,615     (169,166

Adjustments on prior year tax from tax audit

     56,257        —     

Under(over) provision from prior years

     (463     (1,178

Tax effects due to amendments to local income tax law

     39,890        —     

Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

     371,876        251,014   

Tax effects due to permanent differences

     69,998        7,703   

Others

     493        31,649   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  488,436      120,022   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense

821,485      590,997   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective tax rate (%)

  59.61   30.37

 

(c) The income taxes credited (charged) directly to equity during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Net changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale securities

   105,639         (139,679

Gain on sale of treasury shares

     (4,654      (1,707

Others

     12,520         8,578   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
113,505      (132,808
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(d) The movements in deferred tax assets (liabilities) for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014     2013  
     Beginning     Inc. (Dec.)     Ending     Beginning     Inc. (Dec.)     Ending  

Deferred income tax due to temporary differences

            

Reserve for special repairs

   (28,462     16,049        (12,413     (29,013     551        (28,462

Allowance for doubtful accounts

     149,603        46,132        195,735        112,428        37,175        149,603   

Reserve for technology developments

     (380,665     121,632        (259,033     (375,930     (4,735     (380,665

PPE - Depreciation

     (33,342     26,667        (6,675     (46,574     13,232        (33,342

Share of profit or loss of equity-accounted investees

     (89,305     (7,388     (96,693     (96,374     7,069        (89,305

Reserve for inventory valuation

     (1,522     3,513        1,991        (4,082     2,560        (1,522

PPE - Revaluation

     (1,011,593     (211,006     (1,222,599     (799,932     (211,661     (1,011,593

Prepaid expenses

     28,385        (10,924     17,461        31,240        (2,855     28,385   

PPE - Impairment loss

     25,518        (3,556     21,962        28,755        (3,237     25,518   

Loss on foreign currency translation

     (189,202     120,090        (69,112     (63,345     (125,857     (189,202

Defined benefit obligations

     100,356        20,328        120,684        70,624        29,732        100,356   

Plan assets

     (58,666     5,631        (53,035     (46,421     (12,245     (58,666

Provision for construction losses

     4,273        680        4,953        2,227        2,046        4,273   

Provision for construction warranty

     16,674        3,697        20,371        14,841        1,833        16,674   

Accrued income

     (2,915     (776     (3,691     (3,197     282        (2,915

Impairment loss on AFS

     133,089        38,912        172,001        66,722        66,367        133,089   

Difference in acquisition costs of treasury stocks

     64,213        (2,074     62,139        20,378        43,835        64,213   

Others

     282,284        (148,968     133,316        222,471        59,813        282,284   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  (991,277   18,639      (972,638   (895,182   (96,095   (991,277
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred income taxes recognized directly to equity

Loss (gain) on valuation of available-for-sale investments

  (115,673   105,639      (10,034   24,006      (139,679   (115,673

Others

  54,716      12,520      67,236      46,138      8,578      54,716   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  (60,957   118,159      57,202      70,144      (131,101   (60,957
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax from tax credit

Tax credit carryforward and others

  437,642      (137,276   300,366      339,108      98,534      437,642   

Deferred tax from unrealized gain (loss)

Deferred tax effect due to unrealized gain (losses) and others

  42,761      (64,388   (21,627   19,095      23,666      42,761   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
(571,831   (64,866   (636,697   (466,835   (104,996   (571,831
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(e) Deferred tax assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014     2013  
     Assets      Liabilities     Net     Assets      Liabilities     Net  

Deferred income tax due to temporary differences

              

Reserve for special repairs

   —           (12,413     (12,413     —           (28,462     (28,462

Allowance for doubtful accounts

     197,159         (1,424     195,735        149,695         (92     149,603   

Reserve for technology developments

     —           (259,033     (259,033     —           (380,665     (380,665

PPE - Depreciation

     39,412         (46,087     (6,675     23,265         (56,607     (33,342

Share of profit or loss of equity-accounted investees

     —           (96,693     (96,693     —           (89,305     (89,305

Reserve for inventory valuation

     7,294         (5,303     1,991        4,392         (5,914     (1,522

PPE - Revaluation

     —           (1,222,599     (1,222,599     —           (1,011,593     (1,011,593

Prepaid expenses

     17,461         —          17,461        28,385         —          28,385   

PPE - Impairment loss

     23,489         (1,527     21,962        25,518         —          25,518   

Loss on foreign currency translation

     83,521         (152,633     (69,112     243,772         (432,974     (189,202

Defined benefit obligations

     125,758         (5,074     120,684        110,891         (10,535     100,356   

Plan assets

     —           (53,035     (53,035     22         (58,688     (58,666

Provision for construction losses

     4,953         —          4,953        4,273         —          4,273   

Provision for construction warranty

     20,371         —          20,371        16,674         —          16,674   

Accrued income

     —           (3,691     (3,691     5         (2,920     (2,915

Impairment loss on AFS

     172,001         —          172,001        133,089         —          133,089   

Difference in acquisition costs of treasury stocks

     62,139         —          62,139        64,213         —          64,213   

Others

     272,810         (139,494     133,316        308,989         (26,705     282,284   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
  1,026,368      (1,999,006   (972,638   1,113,183      (2,104,460   (991,277
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred income taxes recognized directly to equity

Loss (gain) on valuation of available-for-sale investments

  238,489      (248,523   (10,034   128,938      (244,611   (115,673

Others

  91,636      (24,400   67,236      70,441      (15,725   54,716   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
  330,125      (272,923   57,202      199,379      (260,336   (60,957
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax from tax credit

Tax credit carryforward and others

  339,959      (39,593   300,366      481,256      (43,614   437,642   

Deferred tax from unrealized gain (loss)

Deferred tax effect due to unrealized gain (losses) and others

  601,265      (622,892   (21,627   530,823      (488,062   42,761   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
2,297,717      (2,934,414   (636,697   2,324,641      (2,896,472   (571,831
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(f) As of December 31, 2014, the Company did not recognize income tax effects associated with taxable temporary differences of ₩3,104,205 million (deferred tax liabilities of ₩751,218 million) mainly relating to increase in retained earnings of subsidiaries since it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

37. Earnings per Share

 

(a) Basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(Won, except per share information)    2014      2013  

Profit attribute to controlling interest

   626,099,302,937         1,376,396,068,069   

Interests of hybrid bonds

     (33,048,799,997      (18,313,914,551

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding(*1)

     79,801,539         78,009,654   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic and diluted earnings per share

7,432      17,409   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) The weighted-average number of common shares used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:

 

(shares)    2014      2013  

Total number of common shares issued

     87,186,835         87,186,835   

Weighted-average number of treasury shares

     (7,385,296      (9,177,181
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

  79,801,539      78,009,654   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company has no potential dilutive common shares. Accordingly, diluted earnings per share is identical to basic earnings per share.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

38. Related Party Transactions

 

(a) Significant transactions with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)   Sales and others(*1)     Purchase and others(*2)  
    Sales     Others     Total     Purchase
of material
    Purchase of
fixed

assets
    Outsourced
processing
cost
    Others     Total  

Subsidiaries(*3)

               

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD.

  22,659        16,789        39,448        544,202        247,286        3,689        30,852        826,029   

POSCO Processing & Service

    1,075,567        8,649        1,084,216        785,943        —          —          1,681        787,624   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

    444,513        12        444,525        —          —          12,313        195        12,508   

POSCO ICT(*5)

    929        2,593        3,522        356        209,893        26,231        161,173        397,653   

POSMATE

    520        2,178        2,698        411        28        16,475        34,188        51,102   

eNtoB Corporation

    —          3        3        297,119        10,433        137        21,073        328,762   

POSCO CHEMTECH

    532,973        26,537        559,510        513,759        5,449        301,149        923        821,280   

POSCO M-TECH

    180        24        204        117,940        2,385        200,622        6,887        327,834   

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

    177,517        1,230        178,747        —          2,263        —          20        2,283   

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

    240,318        9        240,327        —          —          1,056        1,611        2,667   

POSCO AST

    503,452        5        503,457        10,396        —          57,355        2,671        70,422   

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

    11,261        3,660        14,921        166,442        —          —          —          166,442   

Daewoo International Corporation

    3,558,652        20,652        3,579,304        90,361        —          —          3,857        94,218   

POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.

    5,313        201,927        207,240        40,124        —          1,939        266        42,329   

POSCO America Corporation

    747,933        2        747,935        —          —          —          1,794        1,794   

POSCO Canada Ltd.

    —          —          —          141,767        —          —          —          141,767   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

    2,167,148        89        2,167,237        169,945        —          10,006        1,969        181,920   

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

    55,221        46        55,267        —          —          —          8        8   

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

    79,783        —          79,783        —          —          —          19        19   

POSCO (Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    136,836        —          136,836        —          —          —          5        5   

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

    1,329,947        4        1,329,951        15,165        2,269        3        2,279        19,716   

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

    107,587        74        107,661        —          —          —          —          —     

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

    287,468        929        288,397        —          —          —          —          —     

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

    444,407        6,053        450,460        —          —          —          —          —     

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE

    —          —          —          57,742        —          —          11,513        69,255   

Others

    680,066        1,827        681,893        158,484        63,932        15,585        51,674        289,675   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    12,610,250        293,292        12,903,542        3,110,156        543,938        646,560        334,658        4,635,312   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Associates and joint ventures(*3)

               

POSCO Plant Engineering Co., Ltd.(*4)

    15,310        64        15,374        3,195        119,369        15,777        22,751        161,092   

SNNC

    3,077        5,716        8,793        339,991        —          —          5        339,996   

POSCHROME (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

    —          —          —          59,241        —          —          —          59,241   

PT. POSMI Steel Indonesia

    6,061        30        6,091        —          —          —          —          —     

POSK (Pinghu) Steel Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    2,855        —          2,855        —          —          —          —          —     

POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center

    24,059        —          24,059        —          —          —          —          —     

POSCO China Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO-SAMSUNG Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd.)

    1,132        —          1,132        —          —          —          —          —     

Others

    737        41,873        42,610        3,668        —          —          —          3,668   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    53,231        47,683        100,914        406,095        119,369        15,777        22,756        563,997   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    ₩12,663,481        340,975        13,004,456        3,516,251        663,307        662,337        357,414        5,199,309   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Sales and others mainly consist of sales of steel products to subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures. These are priced on an arm’s length basis.
(*2) Purchases and others mainly consist of subsidiaries’ purchases of construction services and purchases of raw materials to manufacture steel products. These are priced on an arm’s length basis.
(*3) As of December 31, 2014, the Company provided guarantees to related parties (Note 39).
(*4) It is reclassified from associate to subsidiary due to the additional acquisitions of its shares by the Company.

(*5) Others mainly consist of service fees related to maintenance and repair of ERP System.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)   Sales and others     Purchase and others  
    Sales     Others     Total     Purchase of
material
    Purchase
of fixed
assets
    Outsourced
processing
cost
    Others     Total  

Subsidiaries

               

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD.

  16,439        3,421        19,860        3,042        2,235,798        5,855        9,242        2,253,937   

POSCO Processing & Service

    987,424        8        987,432        1,215,510        —          —          805        1,216,315   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

    472,353        25        472,378        —          —          10,648        98        10,746   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.(*1)

    2,324        19        2,343        1,499        67,081        13,733        2,492        84,805   

POSCO ICT

    1,210        195        1,405        679        279,660        31,231        157,126        468,696   

POSMATE

    1,419        85        1,504        805        1,041        15,732        32,894        50,472   

eNtoB Corporation

    —          10        10        234,352        13,241        149        20,079        267,821   

POSCO CHEMTECH

    512,139        25,868        538,007        491,562        21,832        287,584        1,223        802,201   

POSCO M-TECH

    11,122        94        11,216        158,709        2,336        220,986        141        382,172   

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

    104,209        915        105,124        —          5,178        —          7        5,185   

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

    188,915        15        188,930        —          —          1,051        1,298        2,349   

POSCO AST

    500,193        10        500,203        6,985        —          56,520        2,029        65,534   

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

    18,922        137        19,059        166,042        —          —          5        166,047   

Daewoo International Corporation

    3,522,678        65        3,522,743        16,297        —          —          2,843        19,140   

POSCO America Corporation

    596,681        1        596,682        —          —          —          339        339   

POSCO Canada Ltd.

    —          —          —          144,329        —          —          —          144,329   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

    2,068,965        221        2,069,186        64,434        182        —          1,673        66,289   

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

    56,210        56        56,266        —          —          —          85        85   

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

    58,502        —          58,502        —          —          —          14        14   

POSCO (Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    129,345        1        129,346        —          —          —          —          —     

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

    1,270,325        —          1,270,325        19,978        2        —          2,972        22,952   

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

    119,503        7        119,510        —          —          —          —          —     

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

    256,014        693        256,707        —          —          —          621        621   

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

    176,425        3,157        179,582        —          —          —          236        236   

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE

    —          —          —          108,179        —          —          —          108,179   

Others

    558,923        7,569        566,492        92,527        38,843        18,782        77,101        227,253   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    11,630,240        42,572        11,672,812        2,724,929        2,665,194        662,271        313,323        6,365,717   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Associates and joint ventures

               

SNNC

    1,532        458        1,990        402,639        —          —          —          402,639   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. (formerly, Sungjin Geotec Co., Ltd.)

    15,028        48        15,076        1,735        65,802        9,781        6,883        84,201   

POSCHROME (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

    —          —          —          66,762        —          —          —          66,762   

PT. POSMI Steel Indonesia

    6,538        —          6,538        —          —          —          —          —     

POSK (Pinghu) Steel Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    3,786        —          3,786        —          —          —          —          —     

POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    19,906        —          19,906        —          —          —          —          —     

POSCO China Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO-SAMSUNG Suzhou Steel Processing Center Co., Ltd.)

    6,429        —          6,429        —          —          —          —          —     

Others

    546        165        711        3,937        —          —          176        4,113   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    53,765        671        54,436        475,073        65,802        9,781        7,059        557,715   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    ₩11,684,005        43,243        11,727,248        3,200,002        2,730,996        672,052        320,382        6,923,432   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Sungjin Geotec Co., Ltd. merged with POSCO Plant Engineering Co., Ltd. and changed its name to POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. in 2013.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) The related account balances of significant transactions with related companies as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

  1) December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)   Receivables     Payables  
    Trade accounts and
notes receivable
    Others     Total     Trade accounts and
notes payable
    Accounts
payable
    Others     Total  

Subsidiaries

             

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD.

  42        71,967        72,009        —          41,878        —          41,878   

POSCO Processing & Service

    94,790        92        94,882        15,202        867        —          16,069   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

    69,314        67        69,381        —          5        1,936        1,941   

POSCO ICT

    13        103        116        920        70,823        5,425        77,168   

POSMATE

    —          1,673        1,673        600        2,007        4,828        7,435   

eNtoB Corporation

    —          —          —          12,564        28,432        43        41,039   

POSCO CHEMTECH

    49,456        4,283        53,739        57,610        9,890        17,864        85,364   

POSCO M-TECH

    —          37        37        7,311        12,231        22,703        42,245   

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

    17,326        2,809        20,135        —          —          1,962        1,962   

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

    27,429        30        27,459        —          117        115        232   

POSCO AST

    44,281        54        44,335        —          2,458        3,364        5,822   

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

    1,269        14        1,283        —          12,846        —          12,846   

Daewoo International Corporation

    164,029        3,178        167,207        8        210        1        219   

POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.

    822        201,823        202,645        4,800        140        184        5,124   

POSCO America Corporation

    57,164        —          57,164        —          1,511        —          1,511   

POSCO Canada Ltd.

    —          —          —          —          4,534        —          4,534   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

    197,104        221        197,325        10,995        —          —          10,995   

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

    7,407        266        7,673        —          —          —          —     

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

    14,748        41        14,789        —          —          —          —     

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

    42,692        89        42,781        344        1,552        —          1,896   

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

    6,401        5        6,406        —          —          —          —     

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

    96,800        —          96,800        —          —          —          —     

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

    364,899        7,714        372,613        —          —          —          —     

Others

    126,474        56,788        183,262        7,239        54,727        1,545        63,511   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    1,382,460        351,254        1,733,714        117,593        244,228        59,970        421,791   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Associates and jointventures

             

SNNC

    219        125        344        7,017        —          —          7,017   

POSCHROME (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

    —          —          —          1,162        —          —          1,162   

LLP POSUK Titanium

    —          4,235        4,235        —          —          —          —     

Others

    258        18        276        234        —          —          234   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    477        4,378        4,855        8,413        —          —          8,413   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  1,382,937        355,632        1,738,569        126,006        244,228        59,970        430,204   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)   Receivables     Payables  
    Trade accounts and
notes receivable
    Others     Total     Trade accounts and
notes payable
    Accounts
payable
    Others     Total  

Subsidiaries

             

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD.

  40        110,955        110,995        —          105,603        —          105,603   

POSCO Processing & Service

    103,400        73        103,473        17,914        683        —          18,597   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

    69,260        65        69,325        —          59        1,434        1,493   

POSCO ICT

    75        123        198        —          51,247        —          51,247   

POSMATE

    489        1,533        2,022        141        3,274        1,058        4,473   

eNtoB Corporation

    —          —          —          8,057        10,311        —          18,368   

POSCO CHEMTECH

    46,943        4,313        51,256        35,829        6,983        8,663        51,475   

POSCO M-TECH

    18        28        46        12,020        21,326        10,799        44,145   

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

    14,733        2,894        17,627        —          421        —          421   

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

    20,510        26        20,536        —          16        50        66   

POSCO AST

    85,501        53        85,554        —          3,004        5,238        8,242   

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

    1,721        12        1,733        —          12,624        —          12,624   

Daewoo International Corporation

    148,383        878        149,261        9,319        —          —          9,319   

POSCO America Corporation

    57,554        —          57,554        —          —          —          —     

POSCO Canada Ltd.

    —          —          —          12,323        —          —          12,323   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

    134,602        142        134,744        2,063        —          —          2,063   

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

    6,052        7        6,059        —          —          —          —     

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

    3,329        —          3,329        —          —          —          —     

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

    73,992        —          73,992        862        108        1        971   

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

    8,117        —          8,117        —          —          —          —     

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

    100,016        76        100,092        —          —          —          —     

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

    55,392        3,218        58,610        —          —          —          —     

Others

    54,357        8,887        63,244        6,523        15,421        1,647        23,591   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    984,484        133,283        1,117,767        105,051        231,080        28,890        365,021   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Associates and jointventures

             

SNNC

    140        40        180        16,669        —          —          16,669   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. (formerly, Sungjin Geotec Co., Ltd.)

    879        46        925        353        —          —          353   

POSCHROME (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

    —          67        67        —          —          —          —     

LLP POSUK Titanium

    —          4,066        4,066        —          —          —          —     

Others

    —          17        17        319        2        —          321   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    1,019        4,236        5,255        17,341        2        —          17,343   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  985,503        137,519        1,123,022        122,392        231,082        28,890        382,364   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(c) For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, details of compensation to key management officers were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)

   2014      2013  

Short-term benefits

   116,961         121,054   

Retirement benefits

     21,604         20,713   

Long-term benefits

     17,242         23,480   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
155,807      165,247   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Key management officers include directors (including non-standing directors), executive officials and fellow officials who have significant influence and responsibilities in the Company’s business and operations.

39. Commitments and Contingencies

 

(a) Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities may develop in a way not initially expected. Therefore, management continuously assesses contingent liabilities to determine whether an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits has become probable. If it becomes probable that an outflow of future economic benefits will be required for an item previously dealt with as a contingent liability, a provision is recognized in the financial statements of the period in which the change in probability occurs (except in the extremely rare circumstances where no reliable estimate can be made).

Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect disclosures of commitments and contingencies. All estimates and assumptions are based on the evaluation of current circumstances and appraisals with the supports of internal specialists or external consultants.

Management regularly analyzes current information about these matters and provides for probable contingent losses including the estimate of legal expense to resolve the matters. Internal and external lawyers are used for these assessments. In making the decision regarding the need for a provision, management considers whether the Company has an obligation as a result of a past event, whether it is probable that an outflow or cash or other resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the ability to make a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Details of guarantees

Contingent liabilities on outstanding guarantees provided by the Company as of December 31, 2014, are as follows.

 

(in millions of Won)                             

Guarantors

  

Guarantee beneficiary

  

Financial institution

  

Foreign currency

     Won equivalent  

[The Company]

              

POSCO

   POSCO(Guangdong) Automotive Steel Co., Ltd.    SMBC and others    USD      65,000,000         71,448   
      BOA and others    USD      330,000,000         362,736   
   POSCO Investment Co., Ltd.    BOC    CNY      350,000,000         62,031   
   POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited   

Export-Import Bank of Korea

and others

  

USD

     566,069,000         622,223   
   POSCO VST CO., LTD.    ANZ and others    USD      65,000,000         71,448   
   POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.    HSBC and others    USD      284,725,000         312,970   
   POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd.   

Export-Import Bank of Korea

and others

   USD      242,000,000         266,006   
  

Zhangjiagang Pohang

Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

   MIZUHO and others    USD      130,000,000         142,896   
  

POSCO ASSAN TST

STEEL INDUSTRY

   SMBC and others    USD      193,392,500         212,577   
  

POSCO Electrical Steel

India Private Limited

   ING and others    USD      83,784,000         92,095   
  

PT. KRAKATAU POSCO

  

Export-Import Bank of Korea

and others

   USD      1,350,300,000         1,484,249   

Daewoo International Corporation

   Daewoo Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd.    HSBC    USD      12,500,000         13,740   
   DAEWOO TEXTILE BUKHARA LLC    Export-Import Bank of Korea    USD      16,000,000         17,587   
  

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL

MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

   NOVA SCOTIA    USD      30,000,000         32,976   
   POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY    ING and others    USD      18,839,300         20,708   
   Brazil Sao Paulo Steel Processing Center    HSBC and others    USD      52,000,000         57,158   
   Daewoo International INDIA Private Ltd.    Shinhan Bank    USD      48,772,000         53,610   
   PT. Bio Inti Agrindo    Export-Import Bank of Korea    USD      56,000,000         61,555   

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

   HONG KONG POSCO E&C (CHINA) INVESTMENT Co., Ltd.    Woori Bank and others    USD      135,000,000         148,392   
   POSCO E&C Vietnam Co., Ltd.    Export-Import Bank of Korea    USD      16,500,000         18,137   
   SANTOSCMI S.A.    CITI Equador and others    USD      46,000,000         50,563   
  

POSCO Engineering and

Construction India Private Limited

   Shinhan Bank    INR      383,201,941         6,645   

POSCO Processing&Service

   POSCO Canada Ltd.    Hana Bank    USD      12,484,500         13,723   
   POSCO Gulf SFC LLC    KEB Bank and others    USD      27,000,000         29,678   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

   Myanmar POSCO C&C Company, Limited.    POSCO Investment    USD      7,986,947         8,779   

POSCO ICT

   PT.POSCO ICT INDONESIA    POSCO Investment    USD      2,700,000         2,968   
      POSCO Investment    USD      4,000,000         4,397   
  

VECTUS LIMITED

   KEB Bank    GBP      3,500,000         5,987   

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

   PT. KRAKATAU POSCO ENERGY   

Export-Import Bank of Korea

and others

   USD      193,900,000         213,135   

POSCO Engineering CO., Ltd

      KEB Bank and others    USD      12,818,876         14,091   
  

PT PEN INDONESIA

   KEB Bank and others    IDR      145,244,014,735         12,825   
   POSCO ENGINEERING    CITI Bank    USD      15,300,000         16,818   
   (THAILAND) CO., LTD.    Woori Bank and others    THB      6,347,013,800         212,244   

POSCO-Japan Co., Ltd.

   POSCO-JEPC Co., Ltd.    MIZUHO and others    JPY      1,021,811,730         9,402   
   POSCO-JKPC Co., Ltd.    Higo Bank and others    JPY      974,000,000         8,962   
   Xenesys Inc.    Aozora Bank    JPY      250,000,000         2,300   

DAEWOO TEXTILE FERGANA LLC

   DAEWOO TEXTILE BUKHARA LLC    Bukhara TEX    USD      2,691,513         2,959   

DAEWOO TEXTILE BUKHARA LLC

   DAEWOO TEXTILE FERGANA LLC    NBU    USD      6,127,060         6,735   

POSCO E&C CHINA Co., Ltd.

  

HONG KONG POSCO E&C

(CHINA) INVESTMENT Co., Ltd.

   Woori Bank    USD      33,000,000         36,274   

POSCO-China Holding Corp.

   POSCO YongXin Rare Earth Metal Co., Ltd.    KEB Bank and others    CNY      71,820,000         12,729   
   DONG FANG JIN HONG   

Bank of Communications and others

   CNY      1,300,000,000         230,399   

POSCO CHEMTECH

  

PT.Krakatau Posco Chemtech

Calcination

   KEB Bank    USD      42,000,000         46,166   
  

KRAKATAU POS-CHEM

DONG-SUH CHEMICAL

   Hana Bank    USD      13,075,000         14,372   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

   POSCO PLANTEC Thailand CO. LTD    Woori Bank    THB      45,000,000         1,505   

POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.

   POSCO SS-VINA    Export-Import Bank of Korea    USD      354,409,800         389,567   

SANTOSCMI S.A.

   COMPANIADEAUTOMATIZACION &CONTROL, GENESYS S.A.    Banco de Guayaquil and others    USD      1,550,000         1,704   

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)                        

Guarantors

 

Guarantee beneficiary

 

Financial institution

 

Foreign Currency

    Won Eequivalent  

[Associates and joint ventures]

         

POSCO

  LLP POSUK Titanium   KB Bank   USD     15,000,000        16,488   
  CSP - Compania Siderurgica do Pecem   KDB Bank   USD     56,666,667        62,288   

Daewoo International Corporation

  DMSA/AMSA   Export-Import Bank of Korea and others   USD     165,133,333        181,515   
  GLOBAL KOMSCO Daewoo LLC   Export-Import Bank of Korea and others   USD     11,112,500        12,214   

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

  Posco e&c Songdo International Building   Others   KRW     356,600        356,600   
  New Songdo City Development, LLC   Others   KRW     340,000        340,000   
  CHUNGJU ENTERPRISE CITY DEVELOPMENT Co., Ltd   Others   KRW     28,226        28,226   

POSCO Processing & Service

  Sebang Steel   Shinhan Bank   JPY     245,000,000        2,254   

POSCO ICT

  UITrans LRT Co., Ltd.   KB Bank   KRW     76,000        76,000   
  Incheon-Gimpo Expressway Co., Ltd.   KDB Bank   KRW     100,000        100,000   
  CHUNGJU ENTERPRISE CITY DEVELOPMENT Co., Ltd   NH Bank   KRW     2,528        2,528   

POSCO Engineering CO., Ltd

  PT. Wampu Electric Power   Woori Bank   USD     7,996,848        8,790   

Daewoo (China) Co., Ltd.

  SHANGHAI LANSHENG DAEWOO CORP.   Bank of Communications and others   CNY     100,000,000        17,723   

POSCO CHEMTECH

  PT.INDONESIA POS CHEMTECH CHOSUN Ref   KEB Bank   USD     6,000,000        6,595   

[Others]

         

Daewoo International Corporation

  Ambatovy Project Investments Limited   Export-Import Bank of korea   USD     65,454,545        71,948   
  Sherritt International Corporation   Export-Import Bank of korea   USD     21,818,182        23,983   

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

  The union of City environment improvement for Kukje building and others   Others   KRW     745,350        745,350   
  Gale International Korea, LLC   Others   USD     50,000,000        54,960   
  INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CENTER CORPORATION   Export-Import Bank of korea   USD     20,000,000        21,984   

POSCO ICT

  BTL business and others   Kyobo Life Insurance Co., Ltd and others   KRW     2,055,936        2,055,936   
  SMS Energy and others   Hana Bank and others   KRW     158,860        158,860   

POSCO Engineering CO., Ltd

  GD   Shinhan Bank   KRW     3,500        3,500   
  Kwanma Solar Co., Ltd. and others   Hana Bank   KRW     53,930        53,930   
  Beomeo Saint Western Hotel   Meritz Insurance and others   KRW     6,600        6,600   
  Hyundai ENG Co., Ltd.   Engineering Financial Cooperative   KRW     28,173        28,173   

POSCO M-TECH

  JMTECH CO., LTD and others   Seoul Guarantee Insurance Co., Ltd.   KRW     15,239        15,239   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

  JGC   Export-Import Bank of korea   KRW     855        855   
  AKER and others     USD     4,301,517        4,728   
  Alstom Power Inc. and others   KDB Bank   USD     24,258,546        26,668   
  Court and others     KRW     16,417        16,417   
  GS Engineering & Construction Corp and others   Seoul Guarantee Insurance Co., Ltd.   USD     9,985,137        10,977   
  SK Engineering & Construction co., ltd     CAD     889,882        843   
  GYEONGSANGBUK-DO DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION     KRW     535        535   
  GS Engineering & Construction Corp   KEB Bank   USD     10,064,925        11,065   
  AKER     EUR     133,550        178   
  Taipei Port Terminal Company Ltd     TWD     342,500,000        11,882   
  Gyopo Wind Power Co., Ltd.   KB Bank   KRW     7,476        7,476   
  Goam Sun energy Korea Co., Ltd. and others   Shinhan Bank   KRW     26,509        26,509   
  HANWHA E&C     USD     240,000        264   
  JAESAN ENERGY   Hana Bank   KRW     3,890        3,890   
  POSCO PLANTEC Taiwan Branch     TWD     90,000,000        3,122   
  HANJIN HEAVY INDUSTRIES & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD   Gw angju Bank   KRW     99        99   
  CAMERON JAPAN and others     USD     9,679,904        10,639   
  Astara   Busan Bank   EUR     9,260        12   
  NIHON     JPY     5,483,800        50   
  SKY Calabria Co., Ltd.   NH Investment & Securities Co., Ltd.   KRW     149,922        149,922   
  Incheon International Airport Corporation   Engineering Financial Cooperative   KRW     31,413        31,413   

POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

  Department of Trade and Investment (NSW Government)   Woori Bank   AUD     8,023,765        7,214   

POSCO SS-VINA

  EVN SPC   Shinhan Bank   VND     35,525,413,000        1,826   

POS-NP PTY LTD

  Regional Infrastructure and Service   Woori Bank   AUD     539,496        485   

HUME COAL PTY LTD

  Department of Trade and Investment (NSW Government)   Woori Bank   AUD     804,000        723   

Plant Engineering service Technology Co., Ltd.

  Future Environmental Energy CO., Ltd   Seoul Guarantee Insurance Co., Ltd.   KRW     1,213        1,213   

POS-HiAL

  Kumho Rent-a-car Co., Ltd.   Seoul Guarantee Insurance Co., Ltd.   KRW     11        11   
     

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 
USD   4,948,637,600      5,439,546   
KRW   4,209,282      4,209,282   
CNY   1,821,820,000      322,882   
THB   6,392,013,800      213,749   
JPY   2,496,295,530      22,968   
TWD   432,500,000      15,004   
IDR   145,244,014,735      12,825   
AUD   9,367,261      8,422   
INR   383,201,941      6,645   
GBP   3,500,000      5,987   
VND   35,525,413,000      1,826   
CAD   889,882      843   
EUR   142,810      190   
     

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(c) POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Co., Ltd. has provided the completion guarantees for Samsung C&T Corporation amounting to ₩1,150,814 million while Samsung C&T Corporation has provided the construction guarantees or payment guarantees on customers’ borrowings on behalf of POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Co., Ltd. amounting to ₩556,385 million as of December 31, 2014.

 

(d) Other commitments

Details of other commitments of the Company as of December 31, 2014, are as follows:

 

POSCO POSCO entered into long-term contracts to purchase iron ore, coal, nickel and others. The contracts of iron ore and coal generally have terms of more than three years and the contracts of nickel have terms of more than one year. These contracts provide for periodic price adjustments based on the market price. As of December 31, 2014, 137 million tons of iron ore and 32 million tons of coal remained to be purchased under such long-term contracts.
POSCO entered into an agreement with Tangguh Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Consortium in Indonesia to purchase 550 thousand tons of LNG annually for 20 years commencing in August 2005. The purchase price is subject to change, based on changes of the monthly standard oil price (JCC) and with a price ceiling.
As of December 31, 2014, POSCO entered into commitments with Korea National Oil Corporation for long-term foreign currency borrowings, which enable the Company to borrow up to the amount of USD 6.86 million, USD 6.58 million and USD 4.12 million. The borrowings are related to the Company’s exploration of gas hydrates in Aral Sea, Uzbekistan, the exploration of gas hydrates in Namangan-Chust and the exploration of gas hydrates in Western Fergana-Chenavard, respectively. The repayment of the borrowings depends on the success of the projects. POSCO is not liable for the repayment of full or part of the amount borrowed if the respective projects fail. POSCO has agreed to pay a certain portion of its profits under certain conditions, as defined by the borrowing agreements.
POSCO has provided a supplemental funding agreement, as the largest shareholder, as requested from the creditors, including Norddeutsche Landesbank, for seamless funding to POSCO ENERGY Co., Ltd. under construction of new power plant.

POSCO ENGINEERING

& CONSTRUCTION

CO., LTD.

As of December 31, 2014, POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. has comprehensive loan agreements of up to ₩283.5 billion and USD 268 million with Woori Bank and ₩98 billion and USD 843 million with KEB Bank. Also, POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. has bank overdraft agreements of up to ₩20 billion with Woori Bank which is included in the limit of billion comprehensive loan agreements and 3 billion with Korea Exchange Bank. Comprehensive loan agreements include bank overdraft up to ₩20 billion and ₩30 billion of loans on checking account during the day with Woori Bank.
POSCO ICT As of December 31, 2014, in relation to contract enforcement, POSCO ICT was provided with ₩62,164 million and ₩35,735 million guaranties from Korea Software Financial Cooperative and Seoul Guarantee Insurance, respectively.

POSCO Specialty Steel

Co., Ltd.

As of December 31, 2014, POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd. has agreements for a loan and import letter of credit with Korea Exchange Bank and others.

 

(e) Litigation in progress

As of December 31, 2014, POSCO and certain subsidiaries are defendants in legal actions arising from the normal course of business.

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  1) Civil lawsuits with Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation

During the year ended December 31, 2012, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation filed a civil lawsuit in the Tokyo District Court of Japan against POSCO and POSCO Japan Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of POSCO, to prohibit production and sales of grain oriented electrical steel sheets using improperly acquired trade secrets and seeking compensation from the Company of ₩907.3 billion. Through trials up to December 31, 2014, the Company submitted its responses that the Japan court did not have jurisdiction on this lawsuit as it should be judged by Korean law and the Company developed grain oriented electrical steel sheets using the Company’s own technologies. As of December 31, 2014, the Japan court has not made any judgments on this matter. Since the Company does not believe that it has any present obligation, the Company has not recorded any provision for this lawsuit as of December 31, 2014.

 

  2) Other lawsuits and claims

 

(In millions of Won, in thousands of foreign currencies)                      

Company

  Legal
actions
    Claim amount     Korean won
equivalent
   

Description

POSCO

    38      KRW     87,167        87,167      Lawsuit on claim for damages(*1)

Daewoo International Corporation

    9      USD     47,788        52,529      Lawsuit on claim for payment(*1)
    5      KRW     2,312        2,312     

Lawsuit on claim for payment

    1      INR     4,458,849        77,316      Lawsuit on claim for payment on guarantees(*1)
    1      EUR     3,270        4,370      Lawsuit on claim for payment

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

    72      KRW     118,567        118,567      Lawsuit on claim for payment on rent fees by PSIB

POSCO Processing&Service

    3      KRW     770        770      Lawsuit on claim for payment

POSCO Engineering CO., Ltd

    12      KRW     4,662        4,662      Lawsuit on claim for payment on construction by Samyanginnochem

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

    2      KRW     350        350      Lawsuit on claim for payment

POSCO ICT

    19      KRW     15,287        15,287      Lawsuit on claim for payment on construction

POSCO America Corporation

    2      USD     —          —        Lawsuit on claim for anti-trust

POSCO M-TECH

    4      KRW     1,039        1,039      Lawsuit on claim for payment

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

    6      KRW     2,671        2,671      Lawsuit on claim for payment
    1      USD     4,304        4,730      Lawsuit on claim for payment on agent fees
    1      EUR     5,492        7,340      Lawsuit on claim for payment

POSCO E&C CHINA Co., Ltd.

    1      CNY     37,000        6,558      Lawsuit on claim for failure on obtain of PF

Daewoo International (America) Corp.

    2      USD     10,442        11,478      Lawsuit on claim clam for indemnification damages

POSPOWER Co., Ltd.

    1      KRW     9,667        9,667      Lawsuit on claim for payment

POSCO RUS LLC

    2      RUB     11,206        223      Lawsuit on claim for payment

SPFC Co, LTD.

    1      KRW     150        150      Lawsuit on claim for payment

IT Engineering

    1      KRW     21        21      Lawsuit on claim for payment

 

(*1) The Company made a reliable estimate in 4 lawsuits by considering the possibility and amount of outflow of resources and recognized ₩44,309 million as provision for legal contingencies and claims.

For all the other lawsuits and claims, management does not believe the Company has any present obligations and therefore, the Company has not recognized any provisions as of December 31, 2014 for the matters.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(f) Other contingencies

 

Company

  

Description

POSCO    POSCO has provided two blank checks to Korea Resources Corporation and six blank promissory notes and three blank checks to Korea National Oil Corporation as collateral for outstanding loans.
Daewoo International Corporation    As of December 31, 2014, Daewoo International Corporation has provided forty-five blank promissory notes and seventeen blank checks to Korea National Oil Corporation as collateral for the guarantee on performance for contracts and others.

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

   As of December 31, 2014, POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. has provided nine blank promissory notes and thirty-five blank checks as collateral for agreements and outstanding loans.
POSCO ICT    As of December 31, 2014, POSCO ICT has provided two blank promissory notes and sixteen blank checks to financial institutions as collateral for the guarantee on performance for contracts and others.

 

40. Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Adjustments for operating cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Trade accounts and notes receivable

   (239,214      (612,379

Other financial assets

     (27,601      (98,420

Inventories

     (780,582      582,287   

Other current assets

     242,170         181,755   

Other long-term assets

     (53,225      (23,412

Trade accounts and notes payable

     (385,914      47,323   

Other financial liabilities

     201,191         194,419   

Other current liabilities

     (402,574      13,522   

Provisions

     (63,884      (42,052

Payments severance benefits

     (160,792      (129,038

Plan assets

     (164,515      (172,147

Other long-term liabilities

     (79,032      (58,290
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
(1,913,972   (116,432
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

41. Non-Cash Transactions

Significant non-cash transactions for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Construction-in-progress transferred to other accounts

   5,852,017         6,610,644   

Reclassification as asset held for sale

     2,213,673         —     

Reclassification as liabilities of disposal group held for sale

     621,303         —     

Acquisition of short-term financial instruments through issuance of treasury stock

     —           804,496   

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

42. Business combination

 

(a) On December 24, 2014, POSCO participated in a capital increase in POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd., an associate of the Company, to improve the financial structure and assist in investment funding of the associate to expand and strengthen its competencies in the plant engineering business. The Company has obtained control as its ownership of POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. increased from 41.95% to 73.94% upon the capital increase.

 

(b) Goodwill recognized in this business combination is as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    Amount  

I.   Consideration transferred

  

 Fair value of existing equity interest(*1)

   106,423   

 Cash

     290,000   
  

 

 

 

 Total

  396,423   
  

 

 

 

II. Non-controlling interests(*2)

  76,183   
  

 

 

 

 Total

  472,606   
  

 

 

 

III. Acquired identified assets and liabilities

 Assets

 Cash and cash equivalents

  4,623   

 Trade accounts and notes receivable

  260,910   

 Other receivables and other financial assets

  171,723   

 Inventories

  20,570   

 Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

  360,576   

 Other assets

  23,783   
  

 

 

 

 Total

  842,185   
  

 

 

 

 Liabilities

 Trade accounts and notes payable

  77,063   

 Borrowings

  342,279   

 Other payables and other financial liabilities

  44,495   

 Other liabilities

  86,160   
  

 

 

 

 Total

  549,997   
  

 

 

 

 Total acquired net assets

  292,188   
  

 

 

 

IV. Goodwill recognized

180,418   
  

 

 

 

 

(*1) Upon the acquisition of the business, a ₩57,480 million disposal gain on the Company’s existing investment in the acquiree prior to acquisition date (acquisition cost: ₩48,943 million) was recognized as finance income. The fair value of this existing investment was determined using quoted market price of shares on the acquisition date.

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(*2) The non-controlling interests at the acquisition date were measured using their proportionate shares in the recognized amounts of POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd’s identifiable net assets and preferred shares issued by POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.

 

(c) If the Company had acquired POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. as of January 1, 2014, pro-forma consolidated revenues and pro-forma consolidated net profit for the year ended December 31, 2014 would have been ₩65,393,737 million and ₩553,063 million, respectively. There have been no revenues and net profit incurred by POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. from the acquisition date to December 31, 2014.

43. Operating Segments

 

(a) The Company’s operating businesses are organized based on the nature of markets and customers. The Company has four reportable operating segments— steel, construction, trading and others. The steel segment includes production of steel products and revenue of such products. The construction segment includes planning, designing and construction of industrial plants, civil engineering projects and commercial and residential buildings, both in Korea and overseas. The trading segment consists of exporting and importing a wide range of steel products and raw materials that are both obtained from and supplied to POSCO, as well as between other suppliers and purchasers in Korea and overseas. Other segments include power generation, liquefied natural gas production, network and system integration and logistics. The policies of classification and measurement on operating segments were the same as those that applied to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013.

 

(b) Information about reportable segments as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was as follows:

 

  1) As of and for the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Steel     Trading     Construction     Others     Total  

External revenues

   31,841,748        21,165,806        8,119,207        3,971,684        65,098,445   

Internal revenues

     17,755,182        10,095,123        2,184,519        3,094,647        33,129,471   

Including inter segment revenue

     10,159,110        5,180,926        1,679,443        2,920,354        19,939,833   

Total revenues

     49,596,930        31,260,929        10,303,726        7,066,331        98,227,916   

Interest income

     148,288        47,905        27,297        18,694        242,184   

Interest expenses

     (524,735     (92,855     (61,954     (127,843     (807,387

Depreciation and amortization

     (2,779,723     (121,163     (52,268     (331,444     (3,284,598

Impairment loss of property, plant and equipment and others

     (137,708     (35,131     756        (50,085     (222,168

Impairment loss of available-for-sale financial assets

     (352,830     (1,097     (24,588     (14,444     (392,959

Share of profit or loss of investment in associates and JVs

     (217,491     (29,263     (53,226     (23,559     (323,539

Income tax expense

     (691,030     (114,587     (45,147     (21,415     (872,179

Segment profit

     857,148        181,243        13,085        8,536        1,060,012   

Segment assets

     74,138,707        13,597,301        10,396,691        10,742,877        108,875,576   

Investment in associates

     18,227,743        1,076,373        1,091,402        1,154,187        21,549,705   

Acquisition of non-current assets

     2,348,979        399,273        701,019        906,685        4,355,956   

Segment liabilities

     23,750,464        10,384,329        6,345,852        6,139,971        46,620,616   

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) As of and for the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Steel     Trading     Construction     Others     Total  

External revenues

   31,794,574        18,307,888        6,896,838        4,865,350        61,864,650   

Internal revenues

     16,229,002        7,611,372        3,885,190        3,019,246        30,744,810   

Including inter segment revenue

     9,223,276        3,817,644        3,539,891        2,881,039        19,461,850   

Total revenues

     48,023,576        25,919,260        10,782,028        7,884,596        92,609,460   

Interest income

     162,149        46,064        47,070        19,892        275,175   

Interest expenses

     (412,142     (77,375     (48,030     (106,824     (644,371

Depreciation and amortization

     (2,383,010     (43,775     (36,614     (235,365     (2,698,764

Impairment loss of property, plant and equipment and others

     (34,153     (975     (4,058     (11,875     (51,061

Impairment loss of available-for-sale financial assets

     (203,468     (435     (97,919     (10,172     (311,994

Share of profit or loss of investment in associates and JVs

     (250,084     (131,534     (71,068     (26,326     (479,012

Income tax expense

     (466,756     (27,549     (87,660     (73,371     (655,336

Segment profit

     1,449,446        9,516        147,177        197,449        1,803,588   

Segment assets

     73,860,997        11,640,931        9,888,590        8,843,652        104,234,170   

Investment in associates

     16,863,991        1,019,252        1,090,089        598,775        19,572,107   

Acquisition of non-current assets

     5,955,799        242,413        150,469        1,191,243        7,539,924   

Segment liabilities

     23,774,850        8,649,557        6,068,059        5,059,440        43,551,906   

 

(c) Reconciliations of total segment revenues, profit or loss, assets and liabilities, and other significant items to their respective consolidated financial statement line items are as follows:

 

  1) Revenues

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Total revenue for reportable segments

   98,227,916         92,609,460   

Elimination of inter-segment revenue

     (33,129,471      (30,744,810
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
65,098,445      61,864,650   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  2) Profit

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Total profit for reportable segments

   1,060,012         1,803,588   

Goodwill and Corporate FV adjustments

     (122,015      (91,718

Elimination of inter-segment profits

     (381,338      (356,690

Income tax expense

     821,485         590,997   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Profit before income tax expense

1,378,144      1,946,177   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  3) Assets

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Total assets for reportable segments(*1)

   108,875,576         104,234,170   

Equity-accounted investees

     (17,487,024      (15,758,936

Goodwill and Corporate FV adjustments

     4,282,455         3,560,873   

Elimination of inter-segment assets

     (10,418,834      (7,580,700
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
85,252,173      84,455,407   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) As segment assets and liabilities are determined based on separate financial statements, for subsidiaries which are in a different segment from that of its immediate parent company, their carrying amount in separate financial statements is eliminated upon consolidation. In addition, adjustments are made to adjust the amount of investment in associates and joint ventures from the amount reflected in segment assets to that determined using equity method in consolidated financial statements.

 

  4) Liability

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Total liabilites for reportable segments

   46,620,616         43,551,906   

Corporate FV adjustments

     507,073         337,442   

Elimination of inter-segment liabilites

     (7,166,880      (5,255,971
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
39,960,809      38,633,377   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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POSCO and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  5) Other significant items

 

  a) December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Total Segment      Corporate FV
adjustments
     Elimination of
inter-segment
transactions
     Consolidated  

Interest income

   242,184         —           (13,930      228,254   

Interest expenses

     (807,387      (45,668      57,470         (795,585

Depreciation and amortization

     (3,284,598      (111,263      157,312         (3,238,549

Share of profit or loss of investment in associates

     (323,539      —           23,646         (299,893

Income tax expense

     (872,179      33,473         17,221         (821,485

Impairment loss of property, plant and equipment and others

     (222,168      —           47,838         (174,330

Impairment loss of available-for-sale financial assets

     (392,959      —           23,236         (369,723
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
(5,660,646   (123,458   312,793      (5,471,311
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  b) December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Total Segment      Corporate FV
adjustments
     Elimination of
inter-segment
transactions
     Consolidated  

Interest income

   275,175         —           (14,777      260,398   

Interest expenses

     (644,371      (34,814      21,504         (657,681

Depreciation and amortization

     (2,698,764      (84,223      97,437         (2,685,550

Share of profit or loss of investment in associates

     (479,012      —           299,203         (179,809

Income tax expense

     (655,336      25,074         39,265         (590,997

Impairment loss of property, plant and equipment and others

     (51,061      —           (97,424      (148,485

Impairment loss of available-for-sale financial assets

     (311,994      —           31,757         (280,237
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
(4,565,363   (93,963   376,965      (4,282,361
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (d) Revenue by geographic area for years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Domestic

   45,805,167         45,953,826   

Japan

     2,047,686         1,920,253   

China

     6,319,101         6,493,119   

Asia-other

     5,055,373         3,011,980   

North America

     2,199,418         1,720,895   

Others

     3,671,700         2,764,577   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
65,098,445      61,864,650   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

In presenting information on the basis of geography, segment revenue is based on the geographical location of customers.

 

  (e) Non-current assets by geographic area as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Domestic

   33,837,971         33,116,006   

Japan

     177,322         203,241   

China

     1,745,125         1,632,490   

Asia-other

     4,867,569         4,703,943   

North America

     186,753         167,468   

Others

     2,367,036         2,292,040   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
43,181,776      42,115,188   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current assets by geographic area include investment property, property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets.

 

  (f) There are no customers whose revenue is 10% or more of consolidated revenue.

 

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POSCO

Separate Financial Statements

December 31, 2014 and 2013

(With Independent Auditors’ Report Thereon)


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Table of Contents

 

     Page  

Independent Auditors’ Report

     1   

Separate Financial Statements

  

Separate Statements of Financial Position

     3   

Separate Statements of Comprehensive Income

     5   

Separate Statements of Changes in Equity

     6   

Separate Statements of Cash Flows

     7   

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements

     9   

Independent Auditors’ Review Report on Internal Accounting Control System

     84   

Report on the Operations of Internal Accounting Control System

     85   


Table of Contents

Independent Auditors’ Report

Based on a report originally issued in Korea

The Board of Directors and Shareholders

POSCO:

We have audited the accompanying separate financial statements of POSCO (“the Company”), which comprise the separate statements of financial position as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the separate statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.

Management’s Responsibility for the Separate Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these separate financial statements in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of separate financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditors’ Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these separate financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the separate financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the separate financial statements. The procedures selected depend on our judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the separate financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the separate financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the separate financial statements.


Table of Contents

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion

In our opinion, the separate financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the separate financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and its separate financial performance and its separate cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards.

Other Matters

The accompanying separate statement of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2013, and the related statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year then ended, were audited by us in accordance with the previous auditing standards generally accepted in the Republic of Korea.

The procedures and practices utilized in the Republic of Korea to audit such separate financial statements may differ from those generally accepted and applied in other countries.

Seoul, Korea

February 25, 2015

This report is effective as of February 25, 2015, the audit report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances, which may occur between the audit report date and the time of reading this report, could have a material impact on the accompanying separate financial statements and notes thereto. Accordingly, the readers of the audit report should understand that the above audit report has not been updated to reflect the impact of such subsequent events or circumstances, if any.

 

2


Table of Contents

POSCO

Separate Statements of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Notes      December 31, 2014      December 31, 2013  

Assets

        

Cash and cash equivalents

     4,5,22       1,742,767         1,394,315   

Trade accounts and notes receivable, net

     6,22,37         3,157,266         3,393,444   

Other receivables, net

     7,22,37         562,930         281,161   

Other short-term financial assets

     8,22         693,729         2,318,816   

Inventories

     9,34         4,383,568         4,538,657   

Assets held for sale

     10         1,051,177         1,304   

Other current assets

     11         31,692         25,782   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current assets

  11,623,129      11,953,479   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Long-term trade accounts and notes receivable, net

  6,22      23,841      4,464   

Other receivables, net

  7,22      26,360      45,738   

Other long-term financial assets

  8,22      1,794,590      3,362,594   

Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

  12      16,178,891      15,092,836   

Investment property, net

  13      90,137      92,879   

Property, plant and equipment, net

  14      22,323,215      23,240,603   

Intangible assets, net

  15      403,907      438,783   

Other long-term assets

  11      133,253      10,902   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total non-current assets

  40,974,194      42,288,799   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

52,597,323      54,242,278   
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.

 

3


Table of Contents

POSCO

Separate Statements of Financial Position, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Notes      December 31, 2014     December 31, 2013  

Liabilities

       

Trade accounts and notes payable

     22,37       777,401        735,457   

Short-term borrowings

     4,6,16,22         1,236,290        1,931,283   

Other payables

     17,22,37         1,032,496        791,883   

Other short-term financial liabilities

     18,22         9,236        46,009   

Current income tax liabilities

     35         304,362        153,278   

Provisions

     19         47,759        8,501   

Other current liabilities

     21         108,508        38,109   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

  3,516,052      3,704,520   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term borrowings

  4,8,16,22      5,300,927      6,731,788   

Other payables

  17,22      88,807      124,679   

Other long-term financial liabilities

  18,22      50,574      231,539   

Defined benefit liabilities, net

  20      86,158      100,650   

Deferred tax liabilities

  35      1,047,666      1,034,102   

Provisions

  19      31,474      —     

Other long-term liabilities

  21      234      3,538   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-current liabilities

  6,605,840      8,226,296   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  10,121,892      11,930,816   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Shareholders’ Equity

Share capital

  23      482,403      482,403   

Capital surplus

  23      1,247,616      1,233,040   

Hybrid bonds

  24      996,919      996,919   

Reserves

  25      94,042      403,939   

Treasury shares

  26      (1,534,457   (1,579,123

Retained earnings

  27      41,188,908      40,774,284   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

  4      42,475,431      42,311,462   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

52,597,323      54,242,278   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.

 

4


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POSCO

Separate Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won, except per share information)    Notes    2014     2013  

Revenue

   28,37    29,218,854        30,543,545   

Cost of sales

   9,20,30,34,37      (24,955,649     (26,494,617
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

  4,263,205      4,048,928   

Selling and administrative expenses

Administrative expenses

20,22,29,30,34   (933,984   (892,966

Selling expenses

29,34   (979,186   (940,829
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating profit

31   2,350,035      2,215,133   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Finance income and costs

Finance income

22,32   1,050,794      967,073   

Finance costs

22,32   (1,014,269   (918,360

Other non-operating income and expenses

Other non-operating income

31,33,37   46,864      140,048   

Other non-operating expenses

31,33,34,37   (712,031   (418,599
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit before income tax

  1,721,393      1,985,295   

Income tax expense

35   (582,435   (402,699
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit

  1,138,958      1,582,596   

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Items that will never be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss :

Remeasurements of defined benefit plans, net of tax

20   (42,464   (8,692

Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss :

Net changes in unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments, net of tax

8,22,25   (309,897   400,577   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income, net of tax

786,597      1,974,481   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic and diluted earnings per share (in Won)

36 13,858      20,052   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.

 

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Separate Statements of Changes in Equity

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Share
capital
     Capital
surplus
     Hybrid
bonds
     Reserves     Treasury
shares
    Retained
earnings
    Total  

Balance as of January 1, 2013

   482,403         1,227,692         —           3,362        (2,391,406     39,842,497        39,164,548   

Comprehensive income :

                 

Profit

     —           —           —           —          —          1,582,596        1,582,596   

Other comprehensive income (loss)

                 

Net changes in unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments, net of tax

     —           —           —           400,577        —          —          400,577   

Remeasurements of defined benefit plans, net of tax

     —           —           —           —          —          (8,692     (8,692

Transactions with owners of the Company, recognized directly in equity :

                 

Year-end dividends

     —           —           —           —          —          (463,467     (463,467

Interim dividends

     —           —           —           —          —          (154,489     (154,489

Issuance of hybrid bonds

     —           —           996,919         —          —          —          996,919   

Interest of hybrid bonds

     —           —           —           —          —          (24,161     (24,161

Disposal of treasury shares

     —           5,348         —           —          812,283        —          817,631   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2013

   482,403         1,233,040         996,919         403,939        (1,579,123     40,774,284        42,311,462   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of January 1, 2014

   482,403         1,233,040         996,919         403,939        (1,579,123     40,774,284        42,311,462   

Comprehensive income :

                 

Profit

     —           —           —           —          —          1,138,958        1,138,958   

Other comprehensive loss

                 

Net changes in unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments, net of tax

     —           —           —           (309,897     —          —          (309,897

Remeasurements of defined benefit plans, net of tax

     —           —           —           —          —          (42,464     (42,464

Transactions with owners of the Company, recognized directly in equity :

                 

Year-end dividends

     —           —           —           —          —          (478,702     (478,702

Interim dividends

     —           —           —           —          —          (159,568     (159,568

Interest of hybrid bonds

     —           —           —           —          —          (43,600     (43,600

Disposal of treasury shares

     —           14,576         —           —          44,666        —          59,242   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2014

   482,403         1,247,616         996,919         94,042        (1,534,457     41,188,908        42,475,431   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.

 

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Separate Statements of Cash Flows

For the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Notes      2014     2013  

Cash flows from operating activities

       

Profit

      1,138,958        1,582,596   

Adjustments for :

       

Costs for defined benefit plans

        114,372        122,656   

Employee benefits

        19,777        —     

Depreciation

        2,067,793        1,932,002   

Amortization

        74,112        38,067   

Finance income

        (773,099     (659,054

Finance costs

        756,480        655,855   

Valuation losses of inventories

        24,867        4,532   

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

        (8,882     (6,773

Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

        57,777        94,533   

Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment

        30,334        5,697   

Loss on disposal of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

        —          12,295   

Impairment loss on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

        209,795        235,794   

Gain on disposal of assets held for sale

        —          (67,875

Other provision expense

        89,844        —     

Income tax expense

        582,435        402,699   

Others

        86,716        (6,546

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

     39         197,954        687,980   

Interest received

        97,441        109,073   

Interest paid

        (321,684     (390,175

Dividends received

        151,150        232,281   

Income taxes paid

        (433,055     (222,111
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

4,163,085      4,763,526   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.

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Separate Statements of Cash Flows, Continued

For the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Notes      2014     2013  

Cash flows from investing activities

     40        

Proceeds from disposal of short-term financial instruments

      4,103,905        3,528,479   

Proceeds from disposal of long-term financial instruments

        —          5   

Decrease in held-to-maturity investments

        —          30,000   

Proceeds from disposal of available-for-sale investments

        41,740        194,820   

Collection of long-term loans

        19,751        14,441   

Proceeds from disposal of investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

        427        6,114   

Proceeds from disposal of investment property

        18        —     

Proceeds from disposal of intangible assets

        2,347        1,100   

Proceeds from disposal of assets held for sale

        1,291        —     

Acquisition of short-term financial investments

        (2,478,109     (4,144,157

Acquisition of available-for-sale investments

        (30,727     (71,045

Increase in long-term loans

        (26,451     (3,354

Acquisition of investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

        (1,209,223     (1,193,501

Acquisition of investment property

        (41     —     

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment

        (1,643,789     (3,013,628

Payment for cost of disposal of property, plant and equipment

        (15,346     (14,297

Acquisition of intangible assets

        (20,869     (103,041
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

  (1,255,076   (4,768,064
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

  40   

Proceeds from borrowings

  1,429,041      2,431,539   

Increase in long-term financial liabilities

  7,196      3,766   

Receipt of government grants

  —        5,000   

Proceeds from disposal of treasury shares

  43,188      14,019   

Proceeds from issuance of hybrid bonds

  —        996,919   

Repayment of borrowings

  (3,350,330   (3,132,803

Decrease in long-term financial liabilities

  (7,125   (3,009

Decrease in derivative liabilities

  —        (23,348

Payment of cash dividends

  (637,927   (617,570

Payment of interest of hybrid bonds

  (43,600   (21,860
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in financing activities

  (2,559,557   (347,347
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash held

  —        (6,360
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

  348,452      (358,245

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year

  1,394,315      1,752,560   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

1,742,767      1,394,315   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

1. Reporting Entity

POSCO (the “Company”) is the largest steel producer in Korea which was incorporated on April 1, 1968, under the Commercial Code of the Republic of Korea to manufacture and sell steel rolled products and plates in the domestic and overseas markets.

The shares of the Company have been listed on the Korea Exchange since 1988. The Company owns and operates two steel plants (Pohang and Gwangyang) and one office in Korea, and it also operates internationally through seven of its overseas liaison offices.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, major shareholders are as follows:

 

     2014      2013  

Shareholder’s name

   Number of shares      Ownership(%)      Number of shares      Ownership(%)  

National Pension Service

     7,203,493         8.26         6,577,907         7.54   

Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation(*1)

     4,394,712         5.04         4,394,712         5.04   

Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

     2,109,593         2.42         948,477         1.09   

Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries(*2)

     1,319,560         1.51         2,197,707         2.52   

Pohang University of Science and Technology

     1,905,000         2.18         1,905,000         2.18   

KB Financial Group Inc. and subsidiaries(*2)

     1,847,438         2.12         1,846,994         2.12   

Others

     68,407,039         78.47         69,316,038         79.51   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  87,186,835      100.00      87,186,835      100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation owns American Depository Receipts (ADRs) of the Company, each of which represents 0.25 share of POSCO’s common share which has par value of ₩5,000 per share.
(*2) Includes shares held by subsidiaries pursuant to Articles of Incorporation.

As of December 31, 2014, the shares of the Company are listed on the Korea Exchange, while its depository shares are listed on the New York, Tokyo and London Stock Exchanges.

2. Statement of Compliance

Statement of compliance

The separate financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (“K-IFRS”), as prescribed in the Act on External Audits of Corporations in the Republic of Korea.

These financial statements are separate financial statements prepared in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1027 “Separate Financial Statements” presented by a parent, an investor with joint control of, or significant influence over, an investee, in which the investments are accounted for at cost.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

The separate financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on January 29, 2015, and will be submitted for approval at the shareholders’ meeting to be held on March 13, 2015.

Basis of measurement

The separate financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the following material items in the statement of financial position, as described in the accounting policy below.

 

(a) Derivatives instruments are measured at fair value

 

(b) Available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value

 

(c) Defined benefit liabilities are measured at the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of the plan asset.

Functional and presentation currency

These separate financial statements are presented in Korean won, which is the Company’s functional currency and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the separate financial statements in conformity with K-IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period prospectively.

 

(a) Judgements

Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the separate financial statements is included in the following notes:

 

    Note 8—Other financial asset

 

    Note 13—Investment property, net

 

    Note 14—Property, plant and equipment, net

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next financial year is included in the following notes:

 

    Note 19—Provisions

 

    Note 20—Employee benefits

 

    Note 38—Commitments and contingencies

 

(c) Measurement of fair value

The Company’s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a valuation team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values, and reports directly to the department manager of finance department.

The valuation team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the valuation team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that such valuations meet the requirements of K-IFRS including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which such valuation techniques should be classified.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market observable data as far as possible. Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

 

    Level 1—unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

    Level 2—inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly.

 

    Level 3—inputs for the assets or liability that are not based on observable market data.

If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability might be categorized in different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following note:

 

    Note 22 – Financial instruments

Changes in accounting policies

The Company has adopted the following amendments to standards and new interpretation with a date of initial application of January 1, 2014.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

1) K-IFRS No. 1032, “Financial Instruments: Presentation”

 

2) K-IFRS No. 1036, “Impairment of Assets”

 

3) K-IFRS No. 2121, “Levies”

The details of changes in accounting policies are as follows.

 

1) Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities

The Company has adopted amendments to K-IFRS No. 1032, “Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” since January 1, 2014. The amendments clarify the meaning of ‘currently has a legally enforceable right of set-off’. According to the amendments, the right to set off should not be contingent on a future event, and legally enforceable in the normal course of business, in the event of default, and in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the entity and all of the counterparties. The amendments also state that some gross settlement systems would be considered equivalent to net settlement if they eliminate or result in insignificant credit and liquidity risk and process receivables and payables in a single settlement process or cycle.

 

2) Recoverable Amount Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets

The Company has adopted amendments to K-IFRS No. 1036 “Impairment of Assets” since January 1, 2014. The amendments require the disclosure of information about the recoverable amount of impaired assets, if that amount is based on fair value less costs of disposal. They also require the disclosure of additional information about that fair value measurement. In addition, if the recoverable amount of impaired assets based on fair value less costs of disposal was measured using a present value technique, the amendments also require the disclosure of the discount rates that have been used in the current and previous measurements.

 

3) Levies

The Company has adopted K-IFRS No. 2121, “Levies” since January 1, 2014. K-IFRS No. 2121 is an Interpretation of K-IFRS No. 1037 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, on the accounting for levies imposed by governments. K-IFRS No. 1037 sets out criteria for the recognition of a liability, one of which is the requirement for the entity to have a present obligation as a result of a past event (or “obligating event”). K-IFRS No. 2121 clarifies that the obligating event that gives rise to a liability to pay a levy is the activity described in the relevant legislation that triggers the payment of the levy.

The interpretation does not provide guidance on the accounting for the costs arising from recognizing the liability to pay a levy. Other K-IFRSs should be applied to determine whether the recognition of a liability to pay a levy gives rise to an asset or an expense.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Impact of changes in accounting policies

Upon adoption of amendments to K-IFRS No. 1032 and K-IFRS No. 2121, there is no impact on the Company’s prior year’s separate financial statements. Upon adoption of amendments to K-IFRS No. 1036, the Company has made the required disclosures in the annual financial statements as applicable (see note 12).

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies applied by the Company in preparation of its separate financial statements are included below. The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these financial statements, except for those as disclosed in note 2.

Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

These separate financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1027 “Separate Financial Statements”. The Company applied the cost method to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1027. Dividends from a subsidiary, associate or joint venture are recognized in profit or loss when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Foreign currency transactions and translation

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded using the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction. At the end of each reporting period, foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the original transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date fair value is initially determined.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. When gains or losses on non-monetary items are recognized in other comprehensive income, exchange components of those gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Conversely, when gains or losses on non-monetary items are recognized in profit or loss, exchange components of those gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, demand deposits, and short-term investments in highly liquid securities that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Equity investments are excluded from cash and cash equivalents.

Non-derivative financial assets

The Company recognizes and measures non-derivative financial assets by the following four categories: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity financial assets, loans and receivables and available-for-sale financial assets. The Company recognizes financial assets in the separate statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Upon initial recognition, non-derivative financial assets are measured at their fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the asset’s acquisition or issuance.

 

(a) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are classified at fair value through profit or loss if they are held for trading or designated as such upon initial recognition. Upon initial recognition, transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss.

 

(b) Held-to-maturity financial assets

A non-derivative financial asset with a fixed or determinable payment and fixed maturity, for which the Company has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity, is classified as held-to-maturity financial assets. Subsequent to initial recognition, held-to-maturity financial assets are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

 

(c) Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Subsequent to initial recognition, loans and receivables are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method unless the effect of discounting is immaterial.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(d) Available-for-sale financial assets

Available-for-sale financial assets are those non-derivative financial assets that are designated as available-for-sale or are not classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity financial assets or loans and receivables. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value, net of any tax effect, recorded in other comprehensive income in equity. Investments in equity instruments that do not have a quoted market price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured and derivatives that are linked to and must be settled by delivery of such unquoted equity instruments are measured at cost. When a financial asset is derecognized or impairment losses are recognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss. Dividends on an available-for-sale equity instrument are recognized in profit or loss when the Company’s right to receive payment is established.

 

(e) Derecognition of non-derivative financial assets

The Company derecognizes non-derivative financial assets when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or the Company transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows from the financial asset as well as substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. Any interest in a transferred financial asset that is created or retained by the Company is recognized as a separate asset or liability.

If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the transferred financial assets, the Company continues to recognize the transferred financial assets and recognizes financial liabilities for the consideration received.

 

(f) Offsetting a financial asset and a financial liability

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the separate statement of financial position only when the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts, and there is the intention to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Inventories

Inventory costs, except materials-in-transit in which costs are determined by using specific identification method, are determined by using the moving-weighted average method. The cost of inventories comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of finished goods or work in progress are based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

When inventories are sold, the carrying amount of those inventories is recognized as cost of goods sold in the period in which the related revenue is recognized. Inventories are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realizable value and all losses of inventories are recognized as an expense in the period the write-down or loss occurs. The amount of any reversal of any write-down of inventories arising from an increase in net realizable value is recognized as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognized as a cost of goods sold in the period in which the reversal occurs.

Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities that are expected to be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use are classified as held for sale. In order to be classified as held for sale, the assets or disposal groups must be available for immediate sale in their present condition and their sale must be highly probable. The assets or disposal groups that are classified as non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

The Company recognizes an impairment loss for any initial or subsequent write-down of an asset or disposal group to fair value less costs to sell, and a gain for any subsequent increase in fair value less costs to sell, up to the cumulative impairment loss previously recognized in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1036 “Impairment of Assets”.

A non-current asset that is classified as held for sale or part of a disposal group classified as held for sale is not depreciated (or amortized).

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Investment property

Property held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both is classified as investment property. Investment property is measured initially at its cost. Transaction costs are included in the initial measurement. Subsequently, investment property is carried at depreciated cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

Subsequent costs are recognized in the carrying amount of investment property at cost or, if appropriate, as separate items if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each reporting date and adjusted, if appropriate. The change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are initially measured at cost and after initial recognition, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. The cost of property, plant and equipment includes expenditures arising directly from the construction or acquisition of the asset, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management and, when the Company has an obligation to remove the asset or restore the site, an estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of replacing a part of an item is recognized in the carrying amount of the item of property, plant and equipment, if the following recognition criteria are met:

 

(a) it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and

 

(b) the cost can be measured reliably.

The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized at the time the replacement part is recognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of the item are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated from the date they are available for use or, in respect of self-constructed assets, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use. Other than land, the costs of an asset less its estimated residual value are depreciated. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis, which most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, over the estimated useful lives of each component of an item of property, plant and equipment. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Land is not depreciated.

Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately.

The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is included in profit or loss when the item is derecognized.

The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

 

Buildings

  5-40 years   

Structures

  5-40 years   

Machinery and equipment

  15 years   

Vehicles

  4-9 years   

Tools

  4 years   

Furniture and fixtures

  4 years   

Lease assets

  18 years   

The estimated residual value, useful lives and the depreciation method are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Borrowing costs

The Company capitalizes borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognized in expense as incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. Financial assets and inventories that are manufactured or otherwise produced over a short period of time are not qualifying assets. Assets that are ready for their intended use or sale when acquired are not qualifying assets.

To the extent that the Company borrows funds specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Company determines the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization as the actual borrowing costs incurred on that borrowing during the period less any investment income on the temporary investment of those borrowings. The Company immediately recognizes other borrowing costs as an expense. To the extent that the Company borrows funds generally and uses them for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Company shall determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization by applying a capitalization rate to the expenditures on that asset. The capitalization rate shall be the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing costs that the Company capitalizes during a period shall not exceed the amount of borrowing costs incurred during that period.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are measured initially at cost and, subsequently, are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

Amortization of intangible assets except for goodwill is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets from the date that they are available for use. The residual value of intangible assets is zero. However, as there are no foreseeable limits to the periods over which club memberships are expected to be available for use, this intangible asset is determined as an having an indefinite useful life and not amortized.

 

Intellectual property rights

  10 years   

Development costs

  4 years   

Port facilities usage rights

  4-75 years   

Other intangible assets

  4 years   

Amortization periods and the amortization methods for intangible assets with finite useful lives are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The useful lives of intangible assets that are not being amortized are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support indefinite useful life assessments for those assets. Changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Expenditures on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Development expenditures are capitalized only if development costs can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Other development expenditures are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate. All other expenditures, including expenditures on internally generated goodwill and brands, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Government grants

Government grants are not recognized unless there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the grant’s conditions and that the grant will be received.

 

(a) Grants related to assets

Government grants whose primary condition is that the Company purchase, construct or otherwise acquire long-term assets are deducted from the carrying amount of the assets and recognized in profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis over the life of the depreciable assets.

 

(b) Grants related to income

Government grants which are intended to compensate the Company for expenses incurred are deducted from the related expenses.

Leases

The Company classifies and accounts for leases as either a finance or operating lease, depending on the terms. Leases where the Company assumes substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(a) Finance leases

At the commencement of the lease term, the Company recognizes as finance assets and finance liabilities the lower amount of the fair value of the leased property and the present value of the minimum lease payments, each determined at the inception of the lease. Any initial direct costs are added to the amount recognized as an asset.

Minimum lease payments are apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance charge is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Contingent rents are charged as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

The depreciable amount of a leased asset is allocated to each accounting period during the period of expected use on a systematic basis consistent with the depreciation policy the Company adopts for similar depreciable assets that are owned. If there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is fully depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and its useful life.

 

(b) Operating leases

Leases obligations under operating leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rents are charged as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

Impairment for financial assets

A financial asset not carried at fair value through profit or loss is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired. A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably. However, losses expected as a result of future events, regardless of likelihood, are not recognized.

Objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets are impaired includes:

 

(a) significant financial difficulty of the issuer or obligor

 

(b) a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments

 

(c) the lender, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, granting to the borrower a concession that the lender would not otherwise consider

 

(d) it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization

 

(e) the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(f) observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows from a group of financial assets since the initial recognition of those assets, although the decrease cannot yet be identified with the individual financial assets in the group.

In addition, for an investment in an equity security, a significant or prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost is objective evidence of impairment.

If there is objective evidence that financial assets are impaired, impairment losses are measured and recognized.

 

(a) Financial assets measured at amortized cost

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortized cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount and the present value of its estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. If it is not practicable to obtain the instrument’s estimated future cash flows, impairment losses would be measured by using prices from any observable current market transactions. The Company can recognize impairment losses directly or establish a provision to cover impairment losses. If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss shall be reversed either directly or by adjusting an allowance account.

 

(b) Financial assets carried at cost

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has occurred on an unquoted equity instrument that is not carried at fair value because its fair value cannot be reliably measured, or on a derivative asset that is linked to and must be settled by delivery of such an unquoted equity instrument, the amount of the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the financial asset and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the current market rate of return for a similar financial asset. Such impairment losses are not reversed.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(c) Available-for-sale financial assets

When a decline in the fair value of an available-for-sale financial asset has been recognized in other comprehensive income and there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, the cumulative loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income shall be reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment even though the financial asset has not been derecognized. Impairment losses recognized in profit or loss for an investment in an equity instrument classified as available-for-sale are not reversed through profit or loss. If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classified as available-for-sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss, the impairment loss shall be reversed, with the amount of the reversal recognized in profit or loss.

Impairment for non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, other than assets arising from employee benefits, inventories, deferred tax assets and non-current assets held for sale, are reviewed at the end of the reporting period to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. Intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, are tested for impairment annually by comparing their recoverable amount to their carrying amount.

Management estimates the recoverable amount of an individual asset. If it is impossible to measure the individual recoverable amount of an asset, then management estimates the recoverable amount of cash-generating unit (“CGU”). A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. The value in use is estimated by applying a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU for which estimated future cash flows have not been adjusted, to the estimated future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or CGU.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or a CGU exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Any impairment identified at the CGU level is used to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

Derivative financial instruments

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss.

 

(a) Embedded derivatives

Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately only if the following criteria have been met: (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivatives are not clearly and closely related to a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative that would meet the definition of a derivative, and (b) the hybrid (combined) instrument is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Changes in the fair value of separable embedded derivatives from the host contract are recognized immediately in profit or loss.

 

(b) Other derivatives

Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is not designated as a hedging instrument are recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Non-derivative financial liabilities

The Company classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or other financial liabilities in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of financial liabilities. The Company recognizes financial liabilities in the separate statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial liability.

 

(a) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading or designated as upon initial recognition. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss. Upon initial recognition, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

 

(b) Other financial liabilities

Non-derivative financial liabilities other than financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are classified as other financial liabilities.

Financial guarantee liabilities are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, they are subsequently measured at the higher of:

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  1) the amount of the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period; and

 

  2) the amount initially recognized less, cumulative amortization recognized on a straight-line basis over the guarantee period

At the date of initial recognition, other financial liabilities are measured at fair value minus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition. Subsequent to initial recognition, other financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

The Company derecognizes a financial liability from the separate statement of financial position when it is extinguished (i.e. when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires).

Employee benefits

 

(a) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are employee benefits that are due to be settled within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. When an employee has rendered service to the Company during an accounting period, the Company recognizes the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service as profit or loss. If the Company has a legal or constructive obligation which can be reliably measured, the Company recognizes the amount of expected payment for profit-sharing and bonuses payable as liabilities.

 

(b) Other long-term employee benefits

Other long-term employee benefits include employee benefits that are settled beyond 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, and are calculated at the present value of the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods, less the fair value of any related assets.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

The present value is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows using the interest rate of corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company’s obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. Any actuarial gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

 

(c) Retirement benefits: Defined contribution plans

For defined contribution plans, when an employee has rendered service to the Company during a period, the Company recognizes the contribution payable to a defined contribution plan in exchange for that service as an accrued expense, after deducting any contributions already paid. If the contributions already paid exceed the contribution due for service before the end of the reporting period, the Company recognizes that excess as an asset (prepaid expense) to the extent that the prepayment will lead to a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.

 

(d) Retirement benefits: Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company’s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The fair value of plan assets is deducted. The calculation is performed annually by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.

The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company’s obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. The Company recognizes all actuarial gains and losses arising from actuarial assumption changes and experiential adjustments in other comprehensive income when incurred.

When the fair value of plan assets exceeds the present value of the defined benefit obligation, the Company recognizes an asset, to the extent of the total of cumulative unrecognized past service cost and present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plan or reduction in the future contributions to the plan.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognized immediately in other comprehensive income. The Company determines the net interest expense(income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments, net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss in curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround many events and circumstances are taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined at the present value of the expected future cash flows.

Where some or all of the expenditures required to settle a provision are expected to be reimbursed by another party, the reimbursement shall be recognized when, and only when, it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the entity settles the obligation. The reimbursement shall be treated as a separate asset.

Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.

Provision for restoration related to contaminated area is recognized when the area meets the Company’s policy and legal standards of contamination.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Equity instruments

 

(a) Share capital

Common stock is classified as equity and the incremental costs arising directly attributable to the issuance of common stock less their tax effects are deducted from equity.

If the Company reacquires its own equity instruments, the amount of those instruments (“treasury shares”) are presented as a contra equity account. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issuance or cancellation of its own equity instruments. When treasury shares are sold or reissued subsequently, the amount received is recognized as an increase to equity, and the resulting surplus or deficit on the transaction is recorded in capital surplus.

 

(b) Hybrid bonds

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of financial liability and an equity instrument. When the Company has an unconditional right to avoid delivering cash or another financial asset to settle a contractual obligation, the instruments are classified as equity instruments.

Revenue

Revenue from the sale of goods, services provided and the use of assets is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates, which are not significant for all periods presented.

 

(a) Sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of goods in the ordinary course of activities is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence exists, usually in the form of an executed sales agreement, that the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing management involvement with the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. The appropriate timing for transfer of risks and rewards varies depending on the individual terms and conditions of the sales contract. For international sales, this timing depends on the type of international commercial terms of the contract.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Rental income

Rental income from investment property, net of lease incentives granted, is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Finance income and finance costs

Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested (including available-for-sale financial assets), dividend income, gains on the disposal of available-for-sale financial assets and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss on the date that the Company’s right to receive payment is established.

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss using the effective interest rate method.

Income tax

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

 

(a) Current tax

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable profit or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. The taxable profit is different from the accounting profit for the period since the taxable profit is calculated excluding the temporary differences, which will be taxable or deductible in determining taxable profit of future periods, and non-taxable or non-deductible items from the accounting profit.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Deferred tax

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

The Company recognizes a deferred tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures, except to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The Company recognizes a deferred tax asset for deductible temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, to the extent that it is probable that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. However, deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill, or the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting profit or loss nor taxable income.

The carrying amount of a deferred tax asset is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and is reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow the benefit of part or all of that deferred tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to offset the related current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority and they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis.

Earnings per share

Management calculates basic earnings per share (“EPS”) data for the Company’s ordinary shares, which is presented at the end of the statement of comprehensive income. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

The following new standards, interpretations and amendments to existing standards have been published and are mandatory for the Company for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2014, and the Company has not early adopted them.

 

(a) Amendments to K-IFRS No. 1019 “Employee Benefits”

Amendments to K-IFRS No. 1019 introduced a practical expedient to accounting for defined benefit plan, when employees or third parties pay contributions if certain criteria are met. According to the amendments, the entity is permitted to recognize those contributions as a reduction of the service cost in the period in which the related service is rendered, instead of forecast future contributions from employees or third parties and attribute them to periods or service as negative benefits. This amendment is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015, with early adoption permitted.

Management believes the impact of the amendments on the Company’s separate financial statements is not significant.

 

(b) Amendments to K-IFRS No. 1027 “Separate Financial Statements”

Amendments to K-IFRS No. 1027 introduced equity accounting as a third option in the entity’s separate financial statements, in addition to the existing cost and fair value options. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016, with early adoption permitted.

Management is in the progress of evaluating the impact of the amendments on the Company.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

4. Risk Management

The Company has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments:

 

    credit risk

 

    liquidity risk

 

    market risk

 

    capital risk

This note presents information about the Company’s exposure to each of the above risks, the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk, and the Company’s management of capital. Further quantitative disclosures are included throughout these separate financial statements.

 

(a) Financial risk management

 

  1) Risk management framework

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company’s risk management framework. The Company’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company’s activities.

The Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to develop a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

 

  2) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company’s receivables from customers and investment securities. In addition, credit risk arises from finance guarantees.

The Company implements a credit risk management policy under which the Company only transacts business with counterparties that have a certain level of credit rate evaluated based on financial condition, historical experience, and other factors. The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The default risk of a nation or an industry in which a customer operates its business does not have a significant influence on credit risk. The Company has established a credit policy under which each new customer is analyzed individually for creditworthiness.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

The Company establishes an allowance for impairment that represents its estimate of incurred losses in respect of trade and other receivables. The main components of this allowance are a specific loss component that relates to individually significant exposures, and a collective loss component established for companies of similar assets in respect of losses that have been incurred but not yet identified. The collective loss allowance is determined based on historical data of payment statistics for similar financial assets. Debt securities are analyzed individually, and an expected loss shall be directly deducted from debt securities.

Credit risk also arises from transactions with financial institutions, and such transactions include transactions of cash and cash equivalents, various deposits, and financial instruments such as derivative contracts. The Company manages its exposure to this credit risk by only entering into transactions with banks that have high international credit ratings. The Company’s treasury department authorizes, manages, and overseas new transactions with financial institutions with whom the Company has no previous relationship. Furthermore, the Company limits its exposure to credit risk of financial guarantee contracts by strictly evaluating their necessity based on internal decision making processes, such as the approval of the board of directors.

 

  3) Liquidity risk management

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company’s reputation.

The Company’s cash flow from business, borrowing or financing is sufficient to meet the cash requirements for the Company’s strategy investments. Management believes that the Company is capable of raising funds by borrowing or financing if the Company is not able to generate cash flow requirements from its operations. The Company has committed borrowing facilities with various banks.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  4) Market risk management

Market risk means that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. The goal of market risk management is optimization of profit and controlling the exposure to market risk within acceptable limits.

 

   Currency risk

The Company is exposed to currency risk on sales, purchases and borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company, Korean Won.

The Company’s policy in respect of foreign currency risks is a natural hedge whereby foreign currency income is offset with foreign currency expenditures. The remaining net exposures after the natural hedge have been hedged using derivative contracts such as forward exchange contracts. In addition, the Company’s derivative transactions are limited to hedging actual foreign currency transactions and speculative hedging is not permitted. Based on this policy, the Company has foreign currency borrowings from banks and hedges foreign currency risks of the foreign currency borrowings by using foreign currency swaps.

 

  Interest rate risk

The Company mostly borrows at fixed interest rates. The Company’s management monitors interest rate risks regularly.

 

  ƒ Other market risk

Equity price risk arises from listed equity securities among available-for-sale equity securities. Management of the Company measures regularly the fair value of listed equity securities and the risk of variance in future cash flow caused by market price fluctuations. Significant investments are managed separately and all buy and sell decisions are approved by management of the Company.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Management of capital risk

The fundamental goal of capital management is the maximization of shareholders’ value by means of the stable dividend policy and the retirement of treasury shares. The capital structure of the Company consists of equity and net debt, deducting cash and cash equivalents and current financial instruments from borrowings. The Company applied the same financial risk management strategy that was applied in the previous period.

Net borrowing-to-equity ratio as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Total borrowings

   6,537,217         8,663,071   

Less: Cash and cash equivalents

     1,742,767         1,394,315   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net borrowings

  4,794,450      7,268,756   

Total equity

42,475,431      42,311,462   

Net borrowings-to-equity ratio

  11.29%      17.18%   

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

5. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Demand deposits and checking accounts

   867         302,434   

Time deposits

     545,000         549,381   

Other cash equivalents(* 1)

     1,196,900         542,500   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,742,767      1,394,315   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Mainly includes money market trust and others.

6. Trade Accounts and Notes Receivable

Trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Trade accounts and notes receivable

   3,166,238         3,403,316   

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts

     (8,972      (9,872
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
3,157,266      3,393,444   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Trade accounts and notes receivable

32,247      7,806   

Less: Present value discount

  (7,396   (3,114

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts

  (1,010   (228
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
23,841      4,464   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Trade accounts and notes receivable sold to financial institutions, for which the derecognition conditions were not met, amounted to ₩203,138 million as of December 31, 2013 (2014: nil), and were included in short-term borrowings.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

7. Other Receivables

Other receivables as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Short-term loans

   4,748         —     

Other accounts receivable(*1)

     564,765         281,667   

Others

     3,950         10,065   

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts

     (10,533      (10,571
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
562,930      281,161   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Long-term loans

21,229      54,945   

Long-term other accounts receivable

  2,334      2,723   

Others

  2,797      2,523   

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts

  —        (14,453
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
26,360      45,738   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Included dividends receivable amounting to ₩200,824 million from POSCO Specialty., Co. Ltd.

8. Other Financial Assets

 

  (a) Other financial assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Short term derivatives assets held for trading

   708         —     

Short-term financial instruments(*1)

     609,584         2,317,867   

Cash deposits(*2,3)

     83,437         949   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
693,729      2,318,816   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Long-term derivatives assets held for trading

9,525      7,788   

Available-for-sale securities (equity instruments)

  1,767,621      3,333,915   

Available-for-sale securities (others)

  17,408      20,855   

Cash deposits(*4)

  36      36   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,794,590      3,362,594   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Short-term financial instruments amounting to ₩5,200 million and ₩4,700 million are provided as collateral in relation to long term borrowings from National Forestry Cooperatives Federation as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
(*2) Deposits amounting to ₩5,465 million and ₩949 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, are restricted in relation to government assigned project.
(*3) As of December 31, 2014, ₩77,972 million of deposits have been provided as collateral for disposal of investments in subsidiaries.
(*4) The Company is required to provide deposits to maintain checking accounts and accordingly the withdrawal of these deposits is restricted.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  (b) Available-for-sale equity securities as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)   2014     2013  
    Number of
shares
    Ownership(%)     Acquisition
cost
    Fair
value
    Net changes in
fair value  of
available-for-sale
investments(*7)
    Accumulated
impairment
loss
    Book
value
    Book
value
 

Marketable equity securities

               

Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation

    238,352,000        2.51      719,622        659,926        (59,696     —          659,926        842,909   

SK Telecom Co., Ltd.(*1)

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          419,933   

KB Financial group Inc.

    11,590,550        3.00        536,516        418,998        22,602        (140,120     418,998        489,701   

Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.(*2)

    1,477,000        1.94        343,506        169,855        —          (173,651     169,855        379,589   

Shinhan Financial group Inc.

    4,369,881        0.92        228,778        194,241        71,605        (106,142     194,241        206,695   

Hana Financial group Inc.

    2,430,498        0.84        15,633        77,776        62,143        —          77,776        106,699   

Others (13 companies)(*2,3)

        155,940        99,594        29,731        (86,077     99,594        108,895   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
        1,999,995        1,620,390        126,385        (505,990     1,620,390        2,554,421   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-marketable equity securities

               

The Siam United Steel

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          57,643   

Nacional Minerios S.A.(*4)

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          517,193   

Dongbu Metal Co., Ltd.(*2,5)

    3,000,000        10.00        98,242        17,295        —          (80,947     17,295        85,371   

Others (41 companies)(*6)

        141,049        129,936        (2,318     (8,795     129,936        119,287   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
        239,291        147,231        (2,318     (89,742     147,231        779,494   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
      2,239,286        1,767,621        124,067        (595,732     1,767,621        3,333,915   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) During the year ended December 31, 2014, exchange bonds on American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) of SK Telecom Co., Ltd. were exercised. Accordingly, the Company recognized a gain on disposal of available-for-sale securities amounting to ₩198,671 million.
(*2) During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized ₩173,651 million, ₩729 million, ₩60 million and ₩80,947 million of impairment loss on securities of Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Dgenx Co., Ltd., TONGYANG NETWORKS Co., Ltd., and Dongbu Metal Co., Ltd., respectively, due to the significant decline in the fair value of the shares.
(*3) During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized an additional impairment loss of ₩1,105 million, ₩1,005 million, ₩1,251 million and ₩4,720 million on securities of UNION STEEL CO., LTD., Seoul Semiconductor Co., Ltd., PT.Krakatau Steel and Steel Flower Co., Ltd., respectively, due to the continued prolonged decline in the fair value of the shares.
(*4) The Company recognized ₩88,572 million of impairment loss on investment in Nacional Minerios S.A. for the year ended December 31, 2014, due to the prolonged decline in the fair value of the shares. As of December 31, 2014, the Company classified the securities as assets held for sale based on the merger agreement of Nacional Minerios S.A. with other shareholders (note 10).
(*5) Fair value is based on an analysis performed by an external professional evaluation agency.
(*6) Non-marketable equity securities whose fair values cannot be reliably measured are recorded at cost.
(*7) Represents the amount of cumulative amounts that is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2014

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

9. Inventories

 

(a) Inventories as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Finished goods

   901,524         755,286   

Semi-finished goods

     1,207,143         1,259,390   

By-products

     21,439         13,793   

Raw materials

     822,273         983,902   

Fuel and materials

     510,508         520,236   

Materials-in-transit

     944,966         1,009,996   

Others

     582         586   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  4,408,435      4,543,189   

Less: Allowance for inventories valuation

  (24,867   (4,532
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
4,383,568      4,538,657   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(b) The changes of allowance for inventories valuation for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Beginning

   4,532         370   

Loss on valuation of inventories

     24,867         4,532   

Write-off

     (4,532      (370
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending

24,867      4,532   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

10. Assets Held for Sale

Assets held for sale as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Available-for-sale securities(*1)

   580,062         —     

Investments in subsidiaries(*2,3)

     468,443         —     

Investment in associates(*4)

     —           1,304   

Property, plant and equipment (land)

     2,672         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,051,177      1,304   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) In November 2014, Nacional Minerios S.A. (which was an available-for-sale investment of the Company) entered into a merger agreement with another entity through share exchange. The merger transaction was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on December 12, 2014. Pursuant to the merger agreement, the Company will dispose of its equity interests in Nacional Minerios S.A. in exchange for equity interests in the new entity. Accordingly, the Company classified its investment in Nacional Minerios S.A. as assets held for sale after recording impairment loss on the investment.
(*2) The Company determined to dispose of 52.2% of shares of POSCO Specialty Co., Ltd to SeAH Besteel Corp. by and entered into a disposal agreement. The agreement was approved by the Board of Directors on December 12, 2014, and the Company classified the investment in subsidiaries of ₩ 454,943 million as assets held for sale.
(*3) The Company determined to dispose of the shares of POSFINE Co., Ltd, an associate of the Company, to Hahn & Company PRIVATE EQUITY FUND No.1, and classified the accompanying investment in the subsidiary of ₩13,500 million as assets held for sale.
(*4) The Company determined to dispose of the shares of POSVINA Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company during the year ended December 31, 2013. Disposal of the asset held-for-sale was completed during the year ended December 31, 2014, and the Company recognized an impairment loss for asset held for sale of ₩14 million.

 

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Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

11. Other Assets

Other current assets and other long-term assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Advance payments

   9,828         4,871   

Prepaid expenses

     21,864         20,911   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
31,692      25,782   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Long-term prepaid expenses

6,344      6,980   

Others(*1)

  126,909      3,935   

Less : Allowance for doubtful accounts

  —        (13
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
133,253      10,902   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) As of December 31, 2014, the Company recognized assets amounting to ₩123,110 million in connection with the additional payment for prior years as a result of tax audits that were finalized in 2014 based on the Company’s best estimate of the tax amounts to be paid when the result of the Company’s appeal is finalized.

12. Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint ventures

 

(a) Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Subsidiaries

   13,257,282         12,316,564   

Associates

     647,973         825,197   

Joint ventures

     2,273,636         1,951,075   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
16,178,891      15,092,836   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

There are no restrictions on the ability of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures to transfer funds to the controlling company, such as in the form of cash dividends, repayment of loans or payment of advances.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Details of subsidiaries and carrying values as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

                                               
              2014     2013  

(in millions of Won)

[Domestic]

  Country    

Principal operations

  Number of
shares
    Ownership
(%)
    Acquisition
cost
    Net asset
value
    Book
value
    Book
value
 

Daewoo International Corporation

    Korea      Trading     68,681,566        60.31      3,371,481        2,343,917        3,371,481        3,371,481   

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD.

    Korea      Engineering and construction     32,876,418        89.53        1,510,716        2,972,450        1,510,716        1,510,716   

POSCO Green Gas Technology

    Korea      Gas production and sales     13,652        100.00        682,600        679,311        682,600        —     

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

    Korea      Generation of electricity     40,234,508        89.02        658,176        1,584,491        658,176        658,176   

POSCO Processing&Service

    Korea      Steel sales and service     20,340,136        96.01        624,678        871,481        624,678        421,927   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.(*1,2)

    Korea      Other structural metal product manufacturing     110,027,475        60.84        520,588        215,859        341,293        —     

POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.(*3)

    Korea      Manufacture and sale of specialty steel     26,000,000        72.09        173,899        948,735        173,899        628,842   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

    Korea      Coated steel manufacturing     3,412,000        56.87        108,421        166,468        108,421        108,421   

POSCO Venture Capital Co., Ltd.

    Korea      Investment in venture companies     19,700,000        95.00        103,780        111,011        103,780        103,780   

POSCO CHEMTECH

    Korea      Manufacturing and Sales     3,544,200        60.00        100,535        507,448        100,535        100,535   

POSMATE

    Korea      Computer hardware and software distribution     902,946        57.30        72,804        178,969        72,804        63,222   

POSCO ICT

    Korea      Business facility maintenance     99,403,282        65.38        70,990        422,288        70,990        70,990   

POSCO M-TECH(*4,5)

    Korea      Steel manufacturing and Sales     20,342,460        48.85        107,278        49,286        66,067        107,278   

POSCO Family Strategy Fund

    Korea      Investment in venture companies     400        60.79        40,000        53,144        40,000        40,000   

Busan E&E Co,. Ltd.(*6)

    Korea      Municipal solid waste fuel and power generation     6,029,660        70.00        30,148        40,456        30,148        30,148   

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.(*8)

    Korea      Steel manufacturing and sales     10,023,000        65.00        49,452        (5,420     —          49,452   

Others (10 companies)(*9)

            136,245        306,515        134,196        354,873   
            8,361,791        11,446,409        8,089,784        7,619,841   
                                               
[Foreign]                                              

PT. KRAKATAU POSCO

    Indonesia      Steel manufacturing and sales     739,900        70.00        813,431        823,714        855,110        808,492   

POSCO WA PTY LTD

    Australia      Mine development     589,035,511        100.00        611,248        450,299        611,248        446,093   

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

    India      Steel manufacturing and sales     214,649,818        100.00        456,065        197,562        465,788        355,987   

POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

    Australia      Steel Sales and mine development     761,775        100.00        330,623        660,815        330,623        330,623   

POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited(*7)

    Thailand      Stainless steel manufacturing     6,620,532,219        84.93        500,740        298,946        329,756        340,249   

Zhangjiagang Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

    China      Stainless steel manufacturing     —          58.60        283,845        516,449        284,392        284,753   

POSCO-China Holding Corp.

    China      Investment management     —          100.00        240,430        257,961        240,430        240,430   

POSCO-India Private Limited

    India      Steel manufacturing and sales     764,999,999        99.99        184,815        116,897        184,815        184,815   

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

    Mexico      Plate steel manufacturing     2,686,705,272        84.84        180,069        208,429        182,110        182,080   

POSCO America Corporation

    USA      Trading-Steel     415,530        99.45        167,285        63,571        167,285        140,381   

POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd.

    Vietnam      Steel manufacturing     —          85.00        154,691        26,775        156,778        157,295   

POSCO VST CO., LTD.

    Vietnam      Stainless steel manufacturing     —          95.65        144,573        24,477        145,049        145,288   

POSCO(Guangdong) Automotive Steel Co., Ltd.

    China      Plate steel manufacturing     117,187,089        83.64        130,751        126,283        131,051        131,291   

POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY

    Turkey      Steel manufacturing and sales     144,579,160        60.00        92,800        28,925        95,213        95,710   

POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD.

    Thailand      Plate steel manufacturing     27,000,000        100.00        90,012        90,450        90,012        6,020   

POSCO Investment Co., Ltd.

   
 
Hong
Kong
  
  
  Finance     4,999,999        99.99        85,521        109,805        86,775        87,211   

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

    Japan      Trading-Steel     90,438        100.00        68,436        110,322        68,436        68,436   

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

    China      Stainless steel manufacturing     —          70.00        65,982        84,984        65,982        65,982   

POSCO(Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    China      Steel manufacturing and sales     —          90.00        62,494        124,852        62,494        62,494   

POSCO Electrical Steel India Private Limited

    India      Electrical steel manufacturing and sales     24,120,664        100.00        57,119        32,234        58,441        58,662   

POSCO AFRICA (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

   
 
South
Africa
  
  
  Trading     1,390        100.00        50,297        40,755        50,297        50,297   

POSCO-Malaysia SDN. BHD.

    Malaysia      Steel manufacturing and sales     144,772,000        81.79        45,479        (10,693     45,479        31,027   

POSCO China Dalian Plate Processing Center Co., Ltd.

    China      Heavy plate processing and marketing     —          80.00        32,992        13,321        32,992        32,992   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

   
 
Hong
Kong
  
  
  Steel transit trade     9,360,000        100.00        32,189        46,664        32,189        32,189   

POSCO(Guangdong) Steel Co., Ltd.

    China      Plate steel sheet manufacturing     —          87.04        31,299        42,740        31,299        31,299   

POSCO-Uruguay S.A

    Uruguay      Wood manufacturing and sales     558,592,496        98.11        30,243        21,240        30,243        29,341   

Others (31 companies)(*9)

            333,615        507,590        333,211        297,286   
         

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
            5,277,044        5,015,367        5,167,498        4,696,723   
         

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
          13,638,835        16,461,776        13,257,282        12,316,564   
         

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

42


Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(*1) As of December 31, 2014, there is objective evidence of impairment due to the prolonged decline in the fair value of the investment below cost. Recoverable amount was determined based on fair value less cost to sell, which was calculated by adding a 8.8% control premium and disposal cost to the stock price as of December 31, 2014. As a result, the Company recognized an impairment loss of ₩103,993 million as the carrying value was higher than its recoverable amount as of December 31, 2014.
(*2) During the year ended December 31, 2014, it is classified as subsidiary from associate due to increase in percentage of ownership through capital increase.
(*3) The Company determined to dispose of 52.2% of POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.’s share and classified the investment in a subsidiary of ₩454,943 million as assets held for sale.
(*4) It was classified as an investment in a subsidiary as the Company has control over of more than half of the voting rights by virtue of an agreement with Postech, which has 4.72% of ownership in POSCO M-TECH Co., Ltd.
(*5) As of December 31, 2014, there is objective evidence of impairment due to the prolonged decline in the fair value of the investment below cost. Recoverable amount was determined based on fair value less cost to sell, which was calculated by adding a 13.7% control premium and disposal cost to the stock price as of December 31, 2014. As a result, the Company recognized an impairment loss of ₩41,211 million as the carrying value was higher than its recoverable amount as of December 31, 2014.
(*6) As of December 31, 2014, the investments in subsidiaries amounting to ₩30,148 million were provided as collateral in relation to the loan agreements of Busan E&E Co,. Ltd.
(*7) As of December 31, 2014, there is objective evidence of impairment due to the prolonged decline in the fair value of the investment below cost. Recoverable amount was determined based on fair value less cost to sell, which was calculated by adding a 13.7% control premium and disposal cost to the stock price as of December 31, 2014. As a result, the Company recognized an impairment loss of ₩10,493 million as the carrying value was higher than its recoverable amount as of December 31, 2014.
(*8) As of December 31, 2014, there is objective evidence of impairment due to the prolonged decline in the fair value of the investment below cost. The recoverable amount was determined based on value-in-use, which was calculated by applying 7.4% discount rate. As a result, the Company recognized impairment loss of ₩49,452 million as the carrying value was higher than its recoverable amount as of December 31, 2014.
(*9) The Company recognized an impairment loss of ₩2,049 million and ₩404 million on POSCO LED Co., Ltd. and Motta Resources Indonesia, respectively, as the carrying value was higher than its recoverable amount as of December 31, 2014.

 

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Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(c) Details of associates and carrying values as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

                                                     
               2014      2013  

(in millions of Won)

[Domestic]

   Country   

Principal operations

   Number of
shares
     Ownership
(%)
     Acquisition
cost
     Net asset
value
     Book
value
     Book
value
 

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd.(*1)

   Korea    —        —           —         —           —           —           185,786   

EQP POSCO Global 1st Fund

   Korea    Mine investment      169,106,080,000         26.97         169,106         620,916         169,106         169,106   

SNNC Co., Ltd.

   Korea    Storage of materials      18,130,000         49.00         100,655         298,351         100,655         100,655   

Others (4 companies)(*2)

                 21,867         110,468         21,867         18,921   
              

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
                 291,628         1,029,735         291,628         474,468   
              

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

[Foreign]

                       

Nickel Mining Company SAS

   New
Caledonia
   Raw material manufacturing and Sales      3,234,698         49.00         189,197         269,371         189,197         189,197   

7623704 Canada Inc.

   Canada    Mine investment      114,452,000         10.40         124,341         1,138,122         124,341         124,341   

Zhongyue POSCO (Qinhuangdao) Tinplate Industrial Co., Ltd

   China    Tinplate manufacturing and sales      —           24.00         11,003         67,539         11,003         11,003   

Others (9 companies)

                 31,700         44,092         31,804         26,188   
              

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
                 356,241         1,519,124         356,345         350,729   
              

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
               647,869         2,548,859         647,973         825,197   
              

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) During the year ended December 31, 2014, it was reclassified from associate to subsidiary due to increase in percentage of ownership through capital increase.
(*2) The Company has recognized an impairment loss of ₩2,193 million on Hyundai Investment Network No.1 Private Equity Fund due to the prolonged decline in the market value of the shares.

 

(d) Details of joint ventures and carrying values as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

                                             
            2014     2013  
(in millions of Won)   Country  

Principal operations

  Number of
shares
    Ownership
(%)
    Acquisition
cost
    Net asset
value
    Book
value
    Book
value
 

Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd(*1)

  Australia   Mine development     10,494,377        10.00      1,225,464        3,377,978        1,225,464        983,569   

CSP—Compania Siderurgica do Pecem

  Brazil   Steel manufacturing     827,771,230        20.00        469,891        1,593,004        469,891        393,925   

POSCO-NPS Niobium LLC

  USA   Mine development     325,050,000        50.00        364,609        715,546        364,609        364,609   

KOBRASCO

  Brazil   Facilities lease     2,010,719,185        50.00        98,962        199,573        98,962        98,962   

Others (5 companies)

            114,710        463,668        114,710        110,010   
         

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
          2,273,636        6,349,769        2,273,636        1,951,075   
         

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) As of December 31, 2014, the investments in joint ventures amounting to ₩1,225,464 million were provided as collateral in relation to loan from project financing of Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd.

 

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Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

13. Investment Property, Net

 

(a) Investment property as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

                                         
     2014      2013  
(in millions of Won)    Acquisition cost      Accumulated
depreciation
    Book
value
     Acquisition
cost
     Accumulated
depreciation
    Book
value
 

Land

   36,020         —          36,020         36,020         —          36,020   

Buildings

     95,568         (45,456     50,112         95,564         (42,882     52,682   

Structures

     7,009         (3,004     4,005         7,009         (2,832     4,177   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
138,597      (48,460   90,137      138,593      (45,714   92,879   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

The fair value of investment property as of December 31, 2014 is ₩287,210 million.

 

(b) Changes in the carrying value of investment property for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Acquisitions      Disposals     Depreciation(*1)     Transfer(*2)     Ending  

Land

   36,020         —           —          —          —          36,020   

Buildings

     52,682         41         (18     (2,404     (189     50,112   

Structures

     4,177         —           —          (160     (12     4,005   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
92,879      41      (18   (2,564   (201   90,137   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) The useful life and depreciation method of investment property are identical to those of property, plant and equipment.
(*2) Mainly includes assets transferred to property, plant and equipment in relation to change in rental ratio and the purpose of use.

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Depreciation(*1)      Transfer(*2)      Ending  

Land

   41,811         —           (5,791      36,020   

Buildings

     63,697         (2,793      (8,222      52,682   

Structures

     5,018         (186      (655      4,177   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
110,526      (2,979   (14,668   92,879   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) The useful life and depreciation method of investment property are identical to those of property, plant and equipment.
(*2) Mainly includes assets transferred to property, plant and equipment in relation to change in rental ratio and the purpose of use.

 

45


Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

14. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

 

(a) Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

    2014     2013  
(in millions of Won)   Acquisition
cost
    Accumulated
depreciation
    Accumulated
impairment
    Government
grants
    Book
value
    Acquisition
cost
    Accumulated
depreciation
    Accumulated
impairment
    Government
grants
    Book
value
 

Land

  1,420,994        —          —          —          1,420,994        1,397,271        —          —          —          1,397,271   

Buildings

    5,801,650        (3,036,496     (4,312     —          2,760,842        5,433,167        (2,794,762     (631     —          2,637,774   

Structures

    4,617,918        (1,996,823     (8,542     —          2,612,553        4,277,603        (1,808,087     (470     —          2,469,046   

Machinery and equipment

    35,056,496        (20,530,303     (22,927     —          14,503,266        32,428,259        (19,221,165     (4,384     —          13,202,710   

Vehicles

    197,467        (184,514     —          —          12,953        189,666        (178,897     —          —          10,769   

Tools

    187,712        (164,388     —          —          23,324        188,204        (162,524     —          —          25,680   

Furniture and fixtures

    261,846        (223,942     (320     —          37,584        254,663        (206,987     (282     —          47,394   

Finance lease assets

    11,466        (5,096     —          —          6,370        11,466        (4,459     —          —          7,007   

Construction-in-progress

    950,329        —          —          (5,000     945,329        3,447,952        —          —          (5,000     3,442,952   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  48,505,878        (26,141,562     (36,101     (5,000     22,323,215        47,628,251        (24,376,881     (5,767     (5,000     23,240,603   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(b) Changes in the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Acquisitions      Disposals     Depreciation     Impairment(*1)     Others(*2)     Ending  

Land

   1,397,271         39         (392     —          —          24,076        1,420,994   

Buildings

     2,637,774         5,941         (1,912     (249,792     (3,681     372,512        2,760,842   

Structures

     2,469,046         11,239         (1,750     (194,088     (8,072     336,178        2,612,553   

Machinery and equipment

     13,202,710         125,297         (29,430     (1,574,903     (18,543     2,798,135        14,503,266   

Vehicles

     10,769         792         (8     (7,884     —          9,284        12,953   

Tools

     25,680         5,795         (54     (15,996     —          7,899        23,324   

Furniture and fixtures

     47,394         7,150         (5     (21,929     (38     5,012        37,584   

Finance lease assets

     7,007         —           —          (637     —          —          6,370   

Construction-in-progress

     3,442,952         1,628,325         —          —          —          (4,125,948     945,329   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
23,240,603      1,784,578      (33,551   (2,065,229   (30,334   (572,852   22,323,215   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) The Company has recognized an impairment loss since the recoverable amounts of FINEX 1 plant and STS 1 steelmaking plant were lower than their book value.
(*2) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to investment to subsidiary (KRW 558,915 million), property, plant and equipment, from investment property, to intangible assets, and to assets held-for-sale.

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Acquisitions      Disposals     Depreciation     Others(*1)     Ending  

Land

   1,367,822         —           (627     —          30,076        1,397,271   

Buildings

     2,734,839         7,034         (8,628     (241,678     146,207        2,637,774   

Structures

     2,113,750         16,624         (5,519     (181,725     525,916        2,469,046   

Machinery and equipment

     12,888,614         113,921         (57,800     (1,456,354     1,714,329        13,202,710   

Vehicles

     13,039         794         (4     (8,682     5,622        10,769   

Tools

     29,693         4,006         (9     (15,118     7,108        25,680   

Furniture and fixtures

     67,431         2,819         (875     (24,829     2,848        47,394   

Finance lease assets

     7,644         —           —          (637     —          7,007   

Construction-in-progress

     2,943,903         3,009,545         —          —          (2,510,496     3,442,952   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
22,166,735      3,154,743      (73,462   (1,929,023   (78,390   23,240,603   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to property, plant and equipment, investment property and intangible assets.

 

46


Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(c) Borrowing costs capitalized and the capitalized interest rate for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014     2013  

Weighted average expenditure

   1,227,496        2,894,479   

Borrowing costs capitalized

     51,428        137,221   

Capitalization rate

     4.19     4.74

15. Intangible Assets, Net

 

(a) Intangible assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

     2014      2013  
(in millions of Won)    Acquisition
cost
     Accumulated
amortization
    Accumulated
impairment
    Book
value
     Acquisition
cost
     Accumulated
amortization
    Accumulated
impairment
    Book
value
 

Intellectual property rights

   24,829         (7,235     —          17,594         18,970         (5,158     —          13,812   

Membership

     59,949         —          (6,795     53,154         55,672         —          (6,795     48,877   

Development expense

     242,747         (114,806     —          127,941         95,514         (66,046     —          29,468   

Port facilities usage rights

     511,212         (349,184     —          162,028         509,375         (337,166     —          172,209   

Construction-in-progress

     16,756         —          —          16,756         153,719         —          —          153,719   

Other intangible assets

     296,112         (269,678     —          26,434         280,804         (260,106     —          20,698   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
1,151,605      (740,903   (6,795   403,907      1,114,054      (668,476   (6,795   438,783   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(b) Changes in the carrying value of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Acquisitions      Disposals     Amortization     Impairment(*2)      Transfer(*3)     Ending  

Intellectual property rights

   13,812         —           (217     (2,261     —           6,260        17,594   

Membership(*1)

     48,877         5,896         (2,209     —          590         —          53,154   

Development expense

     29,468         381         —          (48,766     —           146,858        127,941   

Port facilities usage rights

     172,209         —           —          (12,018     —           1,837        162,028   

Construction-in-progress

     153,719         16,414         —          —          —           (153,377     16,756   

Other intangible assets

     20,698         13,577         —          (11,067     —           3,226        26,434   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
438,783      36,268      (2,426   (74,112   590      4,804      403,907   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Economic useful life of membership is indefinite.
(*2) The Company reversed accumulated impairment loss up to the carrying value before recognition of any impairment loss since recoverable amounts of some memberships exceeded the carrying value, either.
(*3) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible assets and assets transferred from property, plant and equipment.

 

47


Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Acquisitions      Disposals     Amortization     Impairment(*2)     Transfer(*3)     Ending  

Intellectual property rights

   8,904         —           (291     (1,625     —          6,824        13,812   

Membership(*1)

     49,560         1,022         (1,124     —          (581     —          48,877   

Development expense

     30,092         1,902         —          (16,156     —          13,630        29,468   

Port facilities usage rights

     87,983         —           —          (10,265     —          94,491        172,209   

Construction-in-progress

     96,035         98,459         —          —          —          (40,775     153,719   

Other intangible assets

     21,267         1,658         —          (10,021     —          7,794        20,698   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
293,841      103,041      (1,415   (38,067   (581   81,964      438,783   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Economic useful life of membership is indefinite.
(*2) Since the carrying amount exceeded recoverable amount, impairment loss on memberships was recognized.
(*3) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible assets and assets transferred from property, plant and equipment.

16. Borrowings

 

(a) Borrowings as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Short-term borrowings

     

Short-term borrowings

   —           203,138   

Current portion of long-term borrowings

     236,553         188,381   

Current portion of loans from foreign financial institutions

     418         927   

Current portion of debentures

     1,000,000         1,540,109   

Less : Current portion of discount on debentures issued

     (681      (1,272
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,236,290      1,931,283   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Long-term borrowings

Long-term borrowings

447,437      648,251   

Loans from foreign financial institutions

  627      1,140   

Debentures

  4,871,627      6,107,973   

Less : Discount on debentures issued

  (18,764   (38,167

Add : Premium on debentures redemption

  —        12,591   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
5,300,927      6,731,788   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

48


Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)              

Lenders

       2014          2013  

Transfers of account receivables that do not qualify for derecognition

   —           203,138   

 

(c) Current portion of long-term borrowings as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)  

Lenders

  Issuance date   Maturity date   Annual
interest rate (%)
  2014     2013  

Borrowings

  Woori Bank and others   2006.10.31~
2011.04.28
  2017.03.15~
2024.06.15
  0.75~1.75   15,532        14,969   

Borrowings

  Export-Import Bank of korea   2010.02.18~
2011.03.23
  2015.09.23~
2017.07.26
  4.09~4.50     221,021        173,412   

Loans from foreign financial institutions

  NATIXIS(*1)   1986.03.31   2017.03.31   2.00     418        927   

Debentures

  Domestic debentures 294 and another   2010.08.04~
2010.11.16
  2015.08.04~
2015.11.16
  4.38~4.81     999,319        499,975   

Debentures

  Global fund 1 and another   —     —     —       —          1,038,862   
         

 

 

   

 

 

 
1,236,290      1,728,145   
         

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) As of December 31, 2014, Korea Development Bank has provided guarantees to the Company for loans from foreign financial institutions.

 

(d) Long-term borrowings excluding current portion, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)  

Lenders

  Issuance date   Maturity date   Annual
interest rate
(%)
  2014     2013  

Borrowings

  Woori Bank and others(*1)   2006.10.31~

2013.05.08

  2017.03.15~

2041.05.08

  0.75~1.75   55,662        71,194   

Borrowings

  Korea National Oil Corporation   2007.12.27~

2013.12.30

  2022.06.25~

2026.12.29

  3 year
Government
bond
    14,159        13,593   

Borrowings

  Export-Import Bank of korea   2010.07.26~

2013.07.03

  2017.07.26~

2018.03.23

  4.09~4.50     377,616        563,464   

Loans from foreign financial institutions

  NATIXIS(*2)   1986.03.31   2017.03.31   2.00     627        1,140   

Debentures

  Domestic debentures 297 and others   2011.03.04~

2013.10.04

  2016.03.04~

2023.10.04

  3.35~4.65     2,295,585        3,292,417   

Debentures

  Samurai Bond 11 and others   2006.08.10~

2013.12.11

  2016.08.20~

2021.12.22

  0.93~5.88     2,557,278        2,789,980   
           
         

 

 

   

 

 

 
5,300,927      6,731,788   
         

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Short-term financial instruments amounting to ₩5,200 million and ₩4,700 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, are collateralized for long-term borrowings from the National Forestry Cooperative Federation.
(*2) As of December 31, 2014, Korea Development Bank has provided guarantees to the Company for loans from foreign financial institutions.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

17. Other Payables

Other payables as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Accounts payable

   627,337         463,196   

Accrued expenses

     386,014         306,723   

Dividend payable

     9,523         9,180   

Finance lease liabilities

     1,218         1,124   

Withholdings

     8,404         11,660   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,032,496      791,883   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Long-term accounts payable

54,131      91,827   

Accrued expenses

  22,767      22,922   

Finance lease liabilities

  4,006      5,042   

Long-term withholdings

  7,903      4,888   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
88,807      124,679   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

18. Other Financial Liabilities

Other financial liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Derivative liabilities

   —           36,964   

Financial guarantee liabilities

     9,236         9,045   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
9,236      46,009   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Derivative liabilities

—        175,463   

Financial guarantee liabilities

  50,574      56,076   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
50,574      231,539   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

19. Provisions

 

(a) Provisions as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  
     Current      Non-current      Current      Non-current  

Estimated allowance(*1)

   8,423         —           8,501         —     

Provision for restoration(*2)

     39,336         31,063         —           —     

Provision for litigation(*3)

     —           411         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
47,759      31,474      8,501      —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Represents the provision for bonuses for executives.
(*2) Due to contamination of the land near the Company’s magnesium plant located in Gangneung, the Company recognized a provision of ₩89,433 million related to restoration costs. When estimating the related costs, the Company has assumed that it would use all of technologies and materials available to restore the land. In addition, the Company has applied a discount rate of 3.04% to measure the present value of these costs.
(*3) The Company has recognized a provision for several litigations based on the Company’s estimates.

 

(b) Changes in provisions for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Increase      Utilization      Ending  

Estimated allowance at the end of period

   8,501         10,643         (10,721      8,423   

Provision for restoration at the end of period

     —           89,433         (19,034      70,399   

Provision for litigation at the end of period

     —           411         —           411   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
8,501      100,487      (29,755   79,233   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Beginning      Increase      Utilization      Ending  

Estimated allowance at the end of period

   6,239         12,428         (10,166      8,501   

20. Employee Benefits

 

(a) Defined contribution plans

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

The expense related to post-employment benefit plans under defined contribution plans for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Expense related to post-employment benefit plans under defined contribution plans

   18,229         15,903   

 

(b) Defined benefit plans

 

  1) The amounts recognized in relation to net defined benefit liabilities in the statements of financial position as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Present value of funded obligations

   1,017,164         905,918   

Fair value of plan assets

     (931,006      (805,268
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net defined benefit liabilities

86,158      100,650   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  2) Changes in present value of defined benefit obligations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Defined benefit obligation at the beginning of period

   905,918         817,618   

Current service costs

     113,688         118,975   

Interest costs

     32,595         27,942   

Remeasurement :

     47,604         11,553   

- Loss from change in financial assumptions

     36,238         13,555   

- Loss (Gain) from change in demographic assumptions

     11,366         (2,002

Transfer-in

     1,959         —     

Benefits paid

     (84,600      (70,170
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Defined benefit obligation at the end of period

1,017,164      905,918   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  3) Changes in the fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of period

   805,268         677,362   

Interest on plan assets

     31,911         24,261   

Remeasurement of plan assets

     (8,417      86   

Contributions to plan assets

     146,000         140,000   

Transfer-in

     1,959         —     

Benefits paid

     (45,715      (36,441
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Fair value of plan assets at the end of period

931,006      805,268   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company expects to make an estimated contribution of ₩146,000 million to the defined benefit plan assets in 2015.

 

  4) The fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Debt instruments

   125,353         —     

Deposits

     749,749         805,202   

Others

     55,904         66   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

931,006      805,268   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  5) The amounts recognized in the statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current service costs

   113,688         118,975   

Net interest costs(*1)

     684         3,681   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
114,372      122,656   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) The actual return on plan assets amounted to ₩23,494 million and ₩24,347 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The above expenses by function were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Cost of sales

   90,993         97,490   

Selling and administrative expenses

     23,121         23,834   

Others

     258         1,332   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

114,372      122,656   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  6) Actuarial gains (losses), net of tax recognized in other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Beginning

     ₩(158,462      (149,770

Current actuarial losses

     (56,021      (11,467

Tax effects

     13,557         2,775   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending

  ₩(200,926   (158,462
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  7) The principal actuarial assumptions as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

     2014     2013  

Discount rate

     2.96     3.95

Expected future increases in salaries(*1)

     2.80     3.30

 

(*1) The expected future increases in salaries are based on the average salary increase rate for the past three years.

All assumptions are reviewed at the end of the reporting period. Additionally, the total estimated defined benefit obligation includes actuarial assumptions associated with the long-term characteristics of the defined benefit plan.

 

  8) Reasonably possible changes at the reporting date to one of the relevant actuarial assumption, holding other assumptions constant, would have affected the defined benefit obligation by the amounts shown below:

 

     1% Increase      1% Decrease  
(in millions of Won)    Amount      Percentage(%)      Amount      Percentage(%)  

Discount rate

     ₩(73,296      (7.2      91,644         9.0   

Expected future increases in salaries

     90,883         8.9         (74,078      (7.3

 

  9) As of December 31, 2014 the maturity of the expected benefit payments are as follows:

 

     Within      1 year      5 years      10 years      After         
(in millions of Won)    1 year      - 5 years      - 10 years      - 20 years      20 years      Total  

Benefits paid

   201         69,783         379,347         670,110         190,989         1,310,430   

The maturity analysis of the defined benefit obligation were nominal amounts of defined benefit obligations using expected remaining working lives of employees.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

21. Other Liabilities

Other liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current

     

Advances received

   88,880         20,912   

Withholding

     18,417         15,905   

Unearned revenue

     1,211         1,292   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  108,508      38,109   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

Unearned revenue

  234      538   

Others

  —        3,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
234      3,538   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

22. Financial Instruments

 

(a) Classification of financial instruments

 

  1) Financial assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     

Derivatives assets held for trading

   10,233         7,788   

Available-for-sale financial assets

     1,785,029         3,354,770   

Loans and receivables

     6,024,798         7,263,709   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
7,820,060      10,626,267   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  2) Financial liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

     

Derivatives liabilities held for trading

   —           212,427   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

Trade accounts and notes payable

  777,401      735,457   

Borrowings

  6,537,217      8,663,071   

Financial guarantee liabilities(*1)

  59,810      65,121   

Others

  1,036,487      916,562   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  8,410,915      10,380,211   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
8,410,915      10,592,638   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(*1) Financial liabilities were recognized in connection with financial guarantee contracts as of December 31, 2014. The details of the amount of guarantees provided are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)              

Guarantee beneficiary

  

Financial institution

  Foreign currency      Won equivalent  

POSCO(Guangdong)

   BOA     USD        30,000,000         32,976   

Automotive Steel Co., Ltd.

   SMBC     USD        35,000,000         38,472   

Zhangjiagang Pohang

   BTMU     USD        30,000,000         32,976   

Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

   Credit Agricole     USD        50,000,000         54,960   
   Mizuho     USD        50,000,000         54,960   

POSCO Maharashtra

   Citi     USD        60,000,000         65,952   

Steel Private Limited

   DBS     USD        100,000,000         109,920   
   HSBC     USD        80,000,000         87,936   
   ING     USD        30,000,000         32,976   
   KDB     USD        30,000,000         32,976   
   Export-Import Bank of Korea     USD        193,000,000         212,146   
   SCB     USD        73,069,000         80,317   

POSCO ASSAN TST

   KDB     USD        50,000,000         54,960   

STEEL INDUSTRY

   SMBC     USD        71,392,500         78,475   
   ING     USD        45,000,000         49,464   
   HSBC     USD        27,000,000         29,678   

POSCO Electrical Steel

   SCB     USD        33,784,000         37,135   

India Private Limited

   ING     USD        50,000,000         54,960   

POSCO Investment Co., Ltd.

   BOC     CNY        350,000,000         62,031   
   BOA     USD        45,000,000         49,464   
   BTMU     USD        30,000,000         32,976   
   HSBC     USD        50,000,000         54,960   
   ING     USD        30,000,000         32,976   
   JP Morgan     USD        50,000,000         54,960   
   SCB     USD        45,000,000         49,464   
   SMBC     USD        30,000,000         32,976   
   Mizuho     USD        50,000,000         54,960   

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

   BOA     USD        40,000,000         43,968   
   HSBC     USD        40,000,000         43,968   
   KDB     USD        50,000,000         54,960   
   Mizuho     USD        45,000,000         49,464   
   SMBC     USD        109,725,000         120,610   

POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd.

   Export-Import Bank of Korea     USD        196,000,000         215,443   
   HSBC     USD        30,000,000         32,976   
   Mizuho     USD        16,000,000         17,587   

POSCO VST CO., LTD.

   ANZ     USD        25,000,000         27,480   
   HSBC     USD        20,000,000         21,984   
   Mizuho     USD        20,000,000         21,984   

LLP POSUK Titanium

   Kookmin Bank     USD        15,000,000         16,488   

PT. KRAKATAU POSCO

   ANZ     USD        73,500,000         80,791   
   BOA     USD        35,000,000         38,472   
   BTMU     USD        119,000,000         130,805   
   Credit Suisse AG     USD        91,000,000         100,027   
   HSBC     USD        91,000,000         100,027   
   Export-Import Bank of Korea     USD        567,000,000         623,246   
   Mizuho     USD        105,000,000         115,416   
   SCB     USD        107,800,000         118,494   
   SMBC     USD        140,000,000         153,888   
   CTBC     USD        21,000,000         23,083   

CSP—Compania Siderurgica do Pecem

   KDB     USD        56,666,667         62,288   
    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  USD      3,381,937,167      3,717,424   
  CNY      350,000,000      62,031   
    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  3) Finance income and costs by category of financial instrument for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

   For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Finance income and costs        
   Interest
income
(cost)
    Dividend
income
     Gain and loss
on foreign
currency
    Gain and
loss on
disposal
    Impairment
loss
    Others     Total     Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

   —          —           —          —          —          2,445        2,445        —     

Available-for-sale financial assets

     298        41,342         —          226,215        (352,040     —          (84,185     (309,897

Loans and receivables

     92,774        —           65,667        —          —          (648     157,793        —     

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

     —          —           —          (24,123     —          —          (24,123     —     

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

     (256,636     —           (26,749     (38,596     —          (257     (322,238     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
(163,564   41,342      38,918      163,496      (352,040   1,540      (270,308   (309,897
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Finance income in the statement of comprehensive income includes the dividends from subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures of ₩306,833 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

  For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Finance income and costs        
   Interest
income
(cost)
    Gain and
loss on
valuation
    Gain and loss
on foreign
currency
    Gain and
loss on
disposal
    Impairment
loss
    Others     Total     Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

   —          1,773        —          8,869        —          —          10,642        —     

Available-for-sale financial assets

     4,568        —          —          97,013        (170,805     45,829        (23,395     400,577   

Held-to-maturity investments

     367        —          —          —          —          —          367        —     

Loans and receivables

     101,737        —          (19,619     (80     —          (898     81,140        —     

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

     —          (195,719     —          —          —          —          (195,719     —     

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

     (271,020     —          304,629        —          —          (314     33,295        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
(164,348   (193,946   285,010      105,802      (170,805   44,617      (93,670   400,577   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Finance income in the statement of comprehensive income includes the dividends from subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures of ₩142,383 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Credit risk

 

  1) Credit risk exposure

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk. The maximum exposure to credit risk as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Cash and cash equivalents

   1,742,767         1,394,315   

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     10,233         7,788   

Available-for-sale financial assets

     17,408         20,855   

Loans and other receivables

     1,100,924         2,471,486   

Trade accounts and notes receivable

     3,157,266         3,393,444   

Long-term trade accounts and notes receivable

     23,841         4,464   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
6,052,439      7,292,352   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company provided financial guarantee for the repayment of loans of subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the maximum exposure to credit risk caused by financial guarantee amounted to ₩3,779,455 million and ₩3,579,693 million, respectively.

 

  2) Impairment losses on financial assets

 

   Allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Trade accounts and note receivable

       9,982         10,100   

Other accounts receivable

     10,533         10,571   

Long-term loans

     —           14,453   

Other assets

     —           13   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
20,515      35,137   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  Impairment losses on financial assets for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Bad debt expenses

   19,605         3,980   

Impairment loss on available-for-sale securities

     352,040         170,805   

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  ƒ The aging and impairment losses of trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

     2014      2013  
(in millions of Won)    Trade accounts and
notes receivable
     Impairment      Trade accounts and
notes receivable
     Impairment  

Not due

   3,025,296         —           3,072,283         —     

Over due less than 1 month

     46,656         57         68,759         58   

1 month-3 months

     12,468         212         26,657         674   

3 months-12 months

     8,061         46         174,479         1,241   

Over 12 months

     98,608         9,667         65,830         8,127   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
3,191,089      9,982      3,408,008      10,100   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Beginning

   35,137         37,241   

Bad debt expenses

     19,605         3,980   

Others

     (34,227      (6,084
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending

20,515      35,137   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (c) Liquidity risk

Contractual maturities for non-derivate financial liabilities, including estimated interest, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    Book value      Cash flow for
contracts
     Not later than
3 month
     3 month
-6 months
     6 months
-1 year
     1 year
-5 years
     After
5 years
 

Trade accounts payable

   777,401         777,401         777,401         —           —           —           —     

Borrowings

     6,537,217         7,489,767         171,824         83,008         1,248,159         4,447,408         1,539,368   

Financial guarantee liabilities(*1)

     59,810         3,779,455         3,779,455         —           —           —           —     

Other financial liabilities

     1,036,487         1,038,275         938,357         303         9,020         90,595         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
8,410,915      13,084,898      5,667,037      83,311      1,257,179      4,538,003      1,539,368   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) For issued financial guarantee contracts, the maximum amount of the guarantee is allocated to the earliest period in which the guarantee could be called.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(d) Currency risk

 

  1) The Company has exposure to the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of the changes in foreign exchange rates. The exposure to currency risk as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

     2014      2013  
(in millions of Won)    Assets      Liabilities      Assets      Liabilities  

USD

   988,023         2,839,040         701,159         3,815,529   

JPY

     56,037         721,588         450,938         1,370,603   

CNH

     —           —           76,678         —     

INR

     365,705         —           34,513         —     

Others

     15,677         1,725         11,032         3,357   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,425,442      3,562,353      1,274,320      5,189,489   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  2) As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, provided that functional currency against foreign currencies other than functional currency hypothetically strengthens or weakens by 10%, the changes in gain or loss for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

     2014      2013  
(in millions of Won)    10% increase      10% decrease      10% increase      10% decrease  

USD

   (185,102      185,102         (311,437      311,437   

JPY

     (66,555      66,555         (91,967      91,967   

CNH

     —           —           7,668         (7,668

INR

     36,571         (36,571      3,451         (3,451

 

(e) Interest rate risk

 

  1) The carrying amount of interest-bearing financial instruments as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Fixed rate

     

Financial assets

   2,478,673         3,773,978   

Financial liabilities

     (6,469,632      (8,580,517
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
(3,990,959   (4,806,539
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Variable rate

Financial liabilities

(67,585   (82,554

 

  2) Sensitivity analysis on the fair value of financial instruments with fixed interest rate

The Company does not account for any fixed rate financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, and the Company does not designate derivatives (interest rate swaps) as hedging instruments under a fair value hedge accounting model. Therefore a change in interest rates at the reporting date would not affect profit or loss.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  3) Sensitivity analysis on the fair value of financial instruments with variable interest rate

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, provided that other factors remain the same and the interest rate of borrowings with floating rates increases or decreases by 1%, the changes in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

     2014      2013  
(in millions of Won)    1% increase      1% decrease      1% increase      1% decrease  

Variable rate financial instruments

   (676      676         (826      826   

 

(f) Fair value

 

  1) Fair value and book value

The carrying amount and the fair value of financial instruments as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

     2014      2013  
(in millions of Won)    Book value      Fair value      Book value      Fair value  

Assets measured at fair value

           

Available-for-sale financial assets(*1)

   1,648,567         1,648,567         3,224,711         3,224,711   

Derivatives assets held for trading(*2)

     10,233         10,233         7,788         7,788   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  1,658,800      1,658,800      3,232,499      3,232,499   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Assets measured amortized cost(*3)

Cash and cash equivalents

  1,742,767      1,742,767      1,394,315      1,394,315   

Trade accounts and note receivable, net

  3,181,107      3,181,107      3,397,908      3,397,908   

Loans and other receivables

  1,100,924      1,100,924      2,471,486      2,471,486   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  6,024,798      6,024,798      7,263,709      7,263,709   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities measured at fair value

Derivatives liabilities held for trading(*2)

  —        —        212,427      212,427   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities measured amortized cost(*3)

Trade accounts and notes payable

  777,401      777,401      735,457      735,457   

Borrowings

  6,537,217      6,918,972      8,663,071      8,943,063   

Financial guarantee liabilities

  59,810      59,810      65,121      65,121   

Others

  1,036,487      1,036,487      916,562      916,562   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
8,410,915      8,792,670      10,380,211      10,660,203   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) The fair value of available-for-sale financial assets publicly traded is measured at the closing bid price quoted at the end of the reporting period. Meanwhile, the fair value of unquoted available-for-sale financial assets is calculated using the valuation results from an external pricing service in which weighted average cost of capital of evaluated companies is used as a discount rate. Available-for-sale financial assets which are not measured at fair value are excluded.
(*2) The fair value of derivatives is measured using valuation models such as Black-Scholes model and others in which the market yields on government bonds are used as a discount rate.
(*3) The fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost is determined at the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the current market interest rate. The fair value is calculated for the disclosures in the notes. On the other hand, the Company has not performed fair value measurement for the financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost except borrowings since their carrying amounts approximate fair value.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) Interest rate for determining fair value

Interest rates used to discount the estimated cash flows as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

     2014     2013  

Borrowings

     0.74%~3.69     0.76%~4.08

 

  3) The fair value hierarchy

 

   The fair value of financial instruments by fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

  a. December 31, 2014

 

(in millions of Won)    Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets

           

Available-for-sale financial assets

   1,620,390         —           28,177         1,648,567   

Derivatives assets held for trading

     —           10,233         —           10,233   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,620,390      10,233      28,177      1,658,800   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  b. December 31, 2013

 

(in millions of Won)    Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets

           

Available-for-sale financial assets

   2,554,421         —           670,290         3,224,711   

Derivatives assets held for trading

     —           7,788         —           7,788   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
  2,554,421      7,788      670,290      3,232,499   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities

Derivatives liabilities held for trading

—        212,427      —        212,427   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  Changes in financial assets classified as level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Beginning

   670,290         671,025   

Acquisition

     2,675         6,857   

Other comprehensive income (loss)

     117,804         (4,015

Impairment

     (169,519      (3,577

Disposal and others(*1)

     (593,073      —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending

28,177      670,290   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Included ₩580,062 million transfer to assets held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2014.

23. Share Capital and Capital Surplus

 

(a) Share capital as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(Share, Won)    2014      2013  

Authorized shares

     200,000,000         200,000,000   

Par value

   5,000         5,000   

Issued shares(*1)

     87,186,835         87,186,835   

Shared capital(*2)

   482,403,125,000         482,403,125,000   

 

(*1) As of December 31, 2014, total numbers of ADRs of 51,622,460 are equivalent to 12,905,615 shares of common stock.
(*2) As of December 31, 2014 the difference between the ending balance of common stock and the par value of issued common stock is ₩46,469 million due to retirement of 9,293,790 treasury stocks.

 

(b) The changes in issued common stock for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

     2014      2013  
(Share)    Issued shares      Treasury shares     Number of
outstanding shares
     Issued shares      Treasury shares     Number of
outstanding shares
 

Beginning

   87,186,835         (7,403,211     79,783,624         87,186,835         (9,942,391     77,244,444   

Disposal of treasury shares

     —           209,404        209,404         —           2,539,180        2,539,180   

Ending

     87,186,835         (7,193,807     79,993,028         87,186,835         (7,403,211     79,783,624   

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(c) Capital surplus as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Additional paid in capital

   463,825         463,825   

Gain on disposal of treasury shares

     783,791         769,215   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,247,616      1,233,040   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

24. Hybrid Bonds

 

(a) Hybrid bonds classified as equity as of December 31, 2014 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    Date of issue      Date of maturity      Rate of interest
(%)
     2014     2013  

Hybrid bond 1-1(*1)

     2013-06-13         2043-06-13         4.30       800,000        800,000   

Hybrid bond 1-2(*1)

     2013-06-13         2043-06-13         4.60         200,000        200,000   

Issuance cost

              (3,081     (3,081
           

 

 

   

 

 

 
996,919      996,919   
           

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1) Details of hybrid bonds as of December 31, 2014 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)   

Hybrid bond 1-1

  

Hybrid bond 1-2

Issue price    800,000    200,000
Maturity date    30 years (The Company has a right to extend the maturity date)    30 years (The Company has a right to extend the maturity date)
Interest rate   

Issue date ~ 2018-06-12 : 4.3%

reset every 5 years as follows;

•       After 5 years : return on government bond (5 years) + 1.3%

•       After 10 years : additionally + 0.25% according to Step-up clauses

•       After 25 years : additionally + 0.75%

  

Issue date ~ 2023-06-12 : 4.6%

reset every 10 years as follows;

•       After 10 years : return on government bond (10 years) + 1.4%

•       After 10 years : additionally + 0.25% according to Step-up clauses

•       After 30 years : additionally + 0.75%

Interest payments condition    Quarterly (Optional deferral of interest payment is available to the Company)    Quarterly (Optional deferral of interest payment is available to the Company)
Others    The Company can call the hybrid bond at year 5 and interest payment date afterwards    The Company can call the hybrid bond at year 10 and interest payment date afterwards

The Company holds the right to extend the maturity dates of the hybrid bonds and to defer interest payments for the hybrid bonds. If interest payments for the hybrid bonds are deferred, the Company cannot declare or pay dividends attributable to common stock. Since the Company has an unconditional right to avoid delivering cash or another financial asset to settle a contractual obligation, the hybrid bonds have been classified as equity instruments. The interest accumulated but not paid on the hybrid bonds as of December 31, 2014 amounts to ₩2,301 million.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

25. Reserves

 

(a) Reserves as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Accumulated changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments, net of tax

   94,042         403,939   

 

(b) Changes in the accumulated unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Beginning balance

   403,939         3,362   

Changes in unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments

     (523,168      467,942   

Reclassification to profit or loss upon disposal

     (237,708      (93,976

Impairment of available -for-sale securities

     352,040         170,805   

Tax effects

     98,939         (144,194
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending balance

94,042      403,939   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

26. Treasury Shares

Based on the Board of Director’s resolution, the Company holds treasury shares for the business purposes including price stabilization. The changes in treasury shares for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

     2014      2013  
(shares, in millions of Won)    Number of
shares
     Amount      Number of
shares
     Amount  

Beginning

     7,403,211       1,579,124         9,942,391       2,391,406   

Disposal of treasury shares

     (209,404      (44,667      (2,539,180      (812,283
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending

  7,193,807    1,534,457      7,403,211    1,579,123   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

27. Retained Earnings

 

(a) Retained earnings as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are summarized as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Legal reserve

   241,202         241,202   

Reserve for business rationalization

     918,300         918,300   

Reserve for research and manpower development

     1,600,000         1,573,333   

Appropriated retained earnings for business expansion

     35,510,500         34,310,500   

Appropriated retained earnings for dividends

     1,806,570         2,044,113   

Unappropriated retained earnings

     1,112,336         1,686,836   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
41,188,908      40,774,284   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) Statements of appropriation of retained earnings as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Retained earnings before appropriation

     

Unappropriated retained earnings carried over from prior year

   219,010         291,582   

Actuarial losses

     (42,464      (8,692

Interests of Hybrid bonds

     (43,600      (24,161

Interim dividends

     (159,568      (154,489

Dividends (ratio) per share

     

₩2,000 (40%) in 2014

     

₩2,000 (40%) in 2013

     

Profit for the period

     1,138,958         1,582,596   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  1,112,336      1,686,836   

Transfer from discretionary reserve

Reserve for research and manpower development

  493,333      383,333   

Appropriated retained earnings for dividends

  354,787      237,543   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  848,120      620,876   

Appropriation of retained earnings

Cash dividends

Dividends (ratio) per share

  479,958      478,702   

₩6,000 (120%) in 2014

₩6,000 (120%) in 2013

Reserve for research and manpower development

  —        410,000   

Appropriated retained earnings for business expansion

  1,200,000      1,200,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  1,679,958      2,088,702   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Unappropriated retained earnings carried forward to subsequent year

280,498      219,010   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

28. Revenue

Details of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Revenues

     

Sales of goods

   29,105,087         30,436,474   

Others

     113,767         107,071   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
29,218,854      30,543,545   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

29. Selling and Administrative Expenses

 

(a) Administrative expenses

Administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Wages and salaries

   204,989         198,726   

Expenses related to post-employment benefits

     24,224         23,994   

Other employee benefits

     53,388         44,630   

Travel

     13,599         14,906   

Depreciation

     23,430         25,074   

Amortization

     52,923         18,126   

Rental

     68,859         54,931   

Repairs

     10,918         13,623   

Advertising

     85,486         89,584   

Research & development

     137,433         150,786   

Service fees

     184,215         183,053   

Vehicles maintenance

     7,046         7,012   

Industry association fee

     7,252         7,710   

Training

     10,157         9,593   

Conference

     5,209         4,956   

Bad debt expenses

     7,976         3,980   

Others

     36,880         42,282   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
933,984      892,966   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(b) Selling expenses

Selling expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Freight and custody expenses

   872,594         842,424   

Operating expenses for distribution center

     9,823         9,370   

Sales commissions

     79,091         70,397   

Sales advertising

     4,698         3,145   

Sales promotion

     5,161         6,375   

Sample

     1,649         1,247   

Sales insurance premium

     6,170         7,871   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
979,186      940,829   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

30. Research and Development Expenditures Recognized as Expense

Research and development expenditures recognized as expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Selling and administrative expenses

   137,433         150,786   

Cost of sales

     343,516         364,876   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
480,949      515,662   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

31. Reconciliation of Operating Profit

The operating profit in the Company’s separate statements of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with K-IFRS differs from that in its separate statements of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by IASB. The table below sets forth a reconciliation of the Company’s results from operating activities as presented in the Company’s separate statements of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with K-IFRS for each of the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 to the operating profit as presented in the Company’s separate statements of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by IASB for each of the corresponding years.

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Operating profits on the statement of comprehensive income (K-IFRS) (Note 33)

   2,350,035         2,215,133   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Add

Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment

  8,882      6,773   

Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets

  2,256      —     

Gain on disposals of investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

  —        14,544   

Gain on disposals of assets held for sale

  —        67,875   

Reversal of allowance for doubtful accounts

  14,453      —     

Others

  21,273      50,856   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  46,864      140,048   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deduct

Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment

  (57,777   (94,533

Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment

  (30,334   (5,697

Loss on disposals of intangible assets

  (367   (315

Impairment loss on intangible assets

  (1,666   (581

Loss on disposals of investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

  —        (12,295

Impairment loss on investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

  (209,795   (235,794

Impairment loss on assets held for sale

  —        (1,814

Other bad debt expenses

  (26,082   —     

Contribution to provisions

  (89,844   —     

Donations

  (50,654   (40,319

Others

  (245,512   (27,251
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  (712,031   (418,599
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating profit (IFRS as issued by IASB)

1,684,868      1,936,582   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

32. Finance Income and Costs

Details of finance income and costs for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Finance income

     

Interest income

   93,072         106,672   

Dividend income

     348,175         188,212   

Gain on derivative transactions

     22,973         9,144   

Gain on foreign currency transactions

     276,374         299,574   

Gain on foreign currency translations

     79,956         264,614   

Gain on disposals of available-for-sale investment

     226,299         97,085   

Others

     3,945         1,772   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,050,794      967,073   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Finance costs

Interest expenses

256,636      271,020   

Loss on foreign currency transactions

  209,787      261,019   

Loss on foreign currency translations

  107,625      18,159   

Loss on valuation of derivatives

  —        195,719   

Impairment loss on available-for-sale investment

  352,040      170,805   

Others

  88,181      1,638   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,014,269      918,360   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

33. Other Non-Operating Income and Expenses

Details of other non-operating income and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Other non-operating income

     

Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment

   8,882         6,773   

Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets

     2,256         —     

Gain on disposals of investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

     —           14,544   

Gain on disposals of assets held for sale

     —           67,875   

Reversal of allowance for doubtful accounts

     14,453         —     

Others

     21,273         50,856   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
  46,864      140,048   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other non-operating expenses

Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment

  57,777      94,533   

Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment

  30,334      5,697   

Loss on disposals of intangible assets

  367      315   

Impairment loss on intangible assets

  1,666      581   

Loss on disposals of investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

  —        12,295   

Impairment loss on investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

  209,795      235,794   

Impairment loss on assets held for sale

  —        1,814   

Other bad debt expenses

  26,082      —     

Contribution to provisions

  89,844      —     

Donations

  50,654      40,319   

Others(*1)

  245,512      27,251   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
712,031      418,599   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) As a result of Korea National Tax Service’s periodic audit of tax payments and refunds of the Company, the Company recognized additional tax payments amounting to ₩202,739 million, primarily related to VAT, for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

34. Expenses by Nature

Expenses that are recorded by nature as cost of sales, selling and administrative expenses and other non-operating expenses in the statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows (excluding finance costs and income tax expenses):

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Changes in inventories(*1)

   (81,303      304,068   

Raw materials and consumables used

     17,648,525         19,380,227   

Employee benefits expenses(*3)

     1,462,675         1,425,008   

Outsourced processing cost

     2,204,385         2,078,917   

Depreciation(*2)

     2,067,793         1,932,002   

Amortization

     74,112         38,067   

Electricity and water expenses

     1,019,769         836,199   

Service fees

     240,493         243,954   

Rental

     87,466         76,152   

Advertising

     85,486         89,584   

Freight and custody expenses

     872,594         842,424   

Sales commissions

     79,091         70,397   

Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment

     57,777         94,533   

Impairment loss on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

     209,795         235,794   

Contribution to provisions

     89,844         —     

Other expenses

     1,462,348         1,099,685   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
27,580,850      28,747,011   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Changes in inventories are the changes in products, semi-finished products and by-products.
(*2) Includes depreciation of investment property.
(*3) The details of employee benefits expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Wages and salaries

   1,330,074         1,286,449   

Expenses related to post-employment benefits

     132,601         138,559   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
1,462,675      1,425,008   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

35. Income Taxes

 

(a) Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Current income taxes

   461,029         291,035   

Deferred income taxes

     13,564         254,790   

Items credited directly to shareholders’ equity

     107,842         (143,126
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income tax expense

582,435      402,699   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(b) The calculated income tax expense based on statutory rates compared to the actual amount of taxes recorded by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014     2013  

Profit before income tax expense

   1,721,393        1,985,295   

Income tax expense computed at statutory rate

     416,115        480,441   

Adjustments:

    

Tax credit

     (31,947     (134,670

Adjustments on prior year tax from tax audit

     15,572        —     

Under(over) provision from prior years

     (2,957     2,253   

Tax effects due to amendments to local income tax law

     38,249        —     

Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

     118,993        57,823   

Tax effect due to permanent differences

     31,132        (11,071

Others

     (2,722     7,923   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  166,320      (77,742
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense

582,435      402,699   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective tax rate (%)

  33.8   20.3

 

(c) The income taxes credited (charged) directly to equity for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Net changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale securities

   98,939         (144,194

Defined benefit plan actuarial losses

     13,557         2,775   

Gain on disposal of treasury shares

     (4,654      (1,707
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
107,842      (143,126
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(d) The movements in deferred tax assets (liabilities) for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014     2013  
     December 31,
2013
    Increase
(decrease)
    December 31,
2014
    December 31,
2012
    Increase
(decrease)
    December 31,
2013
 

Deferred income tax due to temporary differences

            

Reserve for special repairs

   (28,462     16,049        (12,413     (29,013     551        (28,462

Reserve for technology developments

     (375,100     119,387        (255,713     (368,647     (6,453     (375,100

PPE-Depreciation

     (48,133     8,982        (39,151     (56,394     8,261        (48,133

Prepaid expenses

     27,680        (10,253     17,427        29,781        (2,101     27,680   

PPE-Revaluation

     (1,002,798     (210,911     (1,213,709     (789,056     (213,742     (1,002,798

Loss on foreign currency translation

     (174,930     126,516        (48,414     (52,508     (122,422     (174,930

Defined benefit obligations

     184,389        31,757        216,146        157,559        26,830        184,389   

Plan assets

     (194,925     (26,291     (221,216     (161,152     (33,773     (194,925

Accrued revenue

     (1,932     1,054        (878     (2,575     643        (1,932

Impairment loss on AFS

     81,816        23,095        104,911        40,482        41,334        81,816   

Difference in acquisition costs of treasury stocks

     64,213        (2,074     62,139        20,378        43,835        64,213   

Others

     144,399        (49,229     95,170        101,809        42,590        144,399   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  (1,323,783   28,082      (1,295,701   (1,109,336   (214,447   (1,323,783
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax from tax credit

Tax credit carry-forward

  368,053      (154,142   213,911      266,977      101,076      368,053   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  368,053      (154,142   213,911      266,977      101,076      368,053   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred income taxes recognized directly to equity

Loss (gain) on valuation of available-for-sale securities

  (128,962   98,939      (30,023   15,232      (144,194   (128,962

Defined benefit plan actuarial losses

  50,590      13,557      64,147      47,815      2,775      50,590   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  (78,372   112,496      34,124      63,047      (141,419   (78,372
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
(1,034,102   (13,564   (1,047,666   (779,312   (254,790   (1,034,102
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(e) Deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2014, December 31, 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014     2013  
     Assets      Liabilities     Net     Assets      Liabilities     Net  

Deferred income tax due to temporary differences

              

Reserve for special repairs

   —           (12,413     (12,413     —           (28,462     (28,462

Reserve for technology developments

     —           (255,713     (255,713     —           (375,100     (375,100

PPE - Depreciation

     12,688         (51,839     (39,151     12,961         (61,094     (48,133

Prepaid expenses

     17,427         —          17,427        27,680         —          27,680   

PPE - Revaluation

     —           (1,213,709     (1,213,709     —           (1,002,798     (1,002,798

Loss on foreign currency translation

     74,104         (122,518     (48,414     60,196         (235,126     (174,930

Defined benefit obligations

     216,146         —          216,146        184,389         —          184,389   

Plan assets

     —           (221,216     (221,216     —           (194,925     (194,925

Accrued revenue

     —           (878     (878     —           (1,932     (1,932

Impairment loss on AFS

     104,911         —          104,911        81,816         —          81,816   

Difference in acquisition costs of treasury stocks

     62,139         —          62,139        64,213         —          64,213   

Others

     186,164         (90,994     95,170        157,303         (12,904     144,399   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
  673,579      (1,969,280   (1,295,701   588,558      (1,912,341   (1,323,783
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax from tax credit

Tax credit carry-forward

  213,911      —        213,911      368,053      —        368,053   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred income taxes recognized directly to equity

Loss (gain) on valuation of available-for-sale securities

  15,509      (45,532   (30,023   40,404      (169,366   (128,962

Defined benefit plan actuarial losses

  64,147      —        64,147      50,590      —        50,590   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
  79,656      (45,532   34,124      90,994      (169,366   (78,372
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
967,146      (2,014,812   (1,047,666   1,047,605      (2,081,707   (1,034,102
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

36. Earnings per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Won              
except per share information)    2014      2013  

Profit for the period

   1,138,958         1,582,596   

Interests of hybrid bonds

     (33,049      (18,314

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding(*1)

     79,801,539         78,009,654   

Basic and diluted earnings per share

     13,858         20,052   

 

(*1) The weighted-average number of common shares used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:

 

(in share)    2014      2013  

Total number of common shares issued

     87,186,835         87,186,835   

Weighted-average number of treasury shares

     (7,385,296      (9,177,181
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

  79,801,539      78,009,654   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Since there were no potential shares of common stock which had dilutive effects as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, diluted earnings per share is equal to basic earnings per share.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

37. Related Party Transactions

 

(a) Significant transactions with related companies for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

  1) For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

     Sales and others(*1)      Purchase and others(*2)  
(in millions of Won)    Sales      Others      Total      Purchase
of material
     Purchase of
fixed assets
     Outsourced
processing
cost
     Others      Total  

Subsidiaries(*3)

                       

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD.

   22,659         16,789         39,448         544,202         247,286         3,689         30,852         826,029   

POSCO Processing & Service

     1,075,567         8,649         1,084,216         785,943         —           —           1,681         787,624   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

     444,513         12         444,525         —           —           12,313         195         12,508   

POSCO ICT(*5)

     929         2,593         3,522         356         209,893         26,231         161,173         397,653   

POSMATE

     520         2,178         2,698         411         28         16,475         34,188         51,102   

eNtoB Corporation

     —           3         3         297,119         10,433         137         21,073         328,762   

POSCO CHEMTECH

     532,973         26,537         559,510         513,759         5,449         301,149         923         821,280   

POSCO M-TECH

     180         24         204         117,940         2,385         200,622         6,887         327,834   

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

     177,517         1,230         178,747         —           2,263         —           20         2,283   

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

     240,318         9         240,327         —           —           1,056         1,611         2,667   

POSCO AST

     503,452         5         503,457         10,396         —           57,355         2,671         70,422   

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

     11,261         3,660         14,921         166,442         —           —           —           166,442   

Daewoo International Corporation

     3,558,652         20,652         3,579,304         90,361         —           —           3,857         94,218   

POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.

     5,313         201,927         207,240         40,124         —           1,939         266         42,329   

POSCO America Corporation

     747,933         2         747,935         —           —           —           1,794         1,794   

POSCO Canada Ltd.

     —           —           —           141,767         —           —           —           141,767   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

     2,167,148         89         2,167,237         169,945         —           10,006         1,969         181,920   

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

     55,221         46         55,267         —           —           —           8         8   

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

     79,783         —           79,783         —           —           —           19         19   

POSCO (Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

     136,836         —           136,836         —           —           —           5         5   

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

     1,329,947         4         1,329,951         15,165         2,269         3         2,279         19,716   

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

     107,587         74         107,661         —           —           —           —           —     

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

     287,468         929         288,397         —           —           —           —           —     

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

     444,407         6,053         450,460         —           —           —           —           —     

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE

     —           —           —           57,742         —           —           11,513         69,255   

Others

     680,066         1,827         681,893         158,484         63,932         15,585         51,674         289,675   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     12,610,250         293,292         12,903,542         3,110,156         543,938         646,560         334,658         4,635,312   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Associates and joint ventures(*3)

                       

POSCO Plant Engineering Co., Ltd.(*4)

     15,310         64         15,374         3,195         119,369         15,777         22,751         161,092   

SNNC

     3,077         5,716         8,793         339,991         —           —           5         339,996   

POSCHROME (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

     —           —           —           59,241         —           —           —           59,241   

PT. POSMI Steel Indonesia

     6,061         30         6,091         —           —           —           —           —     

POSK (Pinghu) Steel Processing Center Co., Ltd.

     2,855         —           2,855         —           —           —           —           —     

POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center

     24,059         —           24,059         —           —           —           —           —     

POSCO China Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO-SAMSUNG Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd.)

     1,132         —           1,132         —           —           —           —           —     

Others

     737         41,873         42,610         3,668         —           —           —           3,668   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     53,231         47,683         100,914         406,095         119,369         15,777         22,756         563,997   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   12,663,481         340,975         13,004,456         3,516,251         663,307         662,337         357,414         5,199,309   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Sales and others are mainly consist of sales of steel products to subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures. These are priced on an arm’s length basis.
(*2) Purchases and others are mainly consist of subsidiaries’ purchases of construction services and purchases of raw materials to manufacture steel products. These are priced on an arm’s length basis.
(*3) As of December 31, 2014, the Company provided guarantees to related parties (note 22).
(*4) It is reclassified from associate to subsidiary due to the additional acquisition of its shares by the Company.
(*5) Others mainly consist of service fees related to maintenance and repair of ERP System.

 

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Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) For the year ended December 31, 2013

 

     Sales and others      Purchase and others  
(in millions of Won)    Sales      Others      Total      Purchase
of material
     Purchase of
fixed assets
     Outsourced
processing
cost
     Others      Total  

Subsidiaries

                       

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD.

   16,439         3,421         19,860         3,042         2,235,798         5,855         9,242         2,253,937   

POSCO Processing & Service

     987,424         8         987,432         1,215,510         —           —           805         1,216,315   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

     472,353         25         472,378         —           —           10,648         98         10,746   

POSCO Plant Engineering Co., Ltd.

     2,324         19         2,343         1,499         67,081         13,733         2,492         84,805   

POSCO ICT

     1,210         195         1,405         679         279,660         31,231         157,126         468,696   

POSMATE

     1,419         85         1,504         805         1,041         15,732         32,894         50,472   

eNtoB Corporation

     —           10         10         234,352         13,241         149         20,079         267,821   

POSCO CHEMTECH

     512,139         25,868         538,007         491,562         21,832         287,584         1,223         802,201   

POSCO M-TECH

     11,122         94         11,216         158,709         2,336         220,986         141         382,172   

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

     104,209         915         105,124         —           5,178         —           7         5,185   

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

     188,915         15         188,930         —           —           1,051         1,298         2,349   

POSCO AST

     500,193         10         500,203         6,985         —           56,520         2,029         65,534   

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

     18,922         137         19,059         166,042         —           —           5         166,047   

Daewoo International Corporation

     3,522,678         65         3,522,743         16,297         —           —           2,843         19,140   

POSCO America Corporation

     596,681         1         596,682         —           —           —           339         339   

POSCO Canada Ltd.

     —           —           —           144,329         —           —           —           144,329   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

     2,068,965         221         2,069,186         64,434         182         —           1,673         66,289   

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

     56,210         56         56,266         —           —           —           85         85   

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

     58,502         —           58,502         —           —           —           14         14   

POSCO (Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd.

     129,345         1         129,346         —           —           —           —           —     

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

     1,270,325         —           1,270,325         19,978         2         —           2,972         22,952   

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

     119,503         7         119,510         —           —           —           —           —     

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

     256,014         693         256,707         —           —           —           621         621   

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

     176,425         3,157         179,582         —           —           —           236         236   

DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE LTD

     —           —           —           108,179         —           —           —           108,179   

Others

     558,923         7,569         566,492         92,527         38,843         18,782         77,101         227,253   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     11,630,240         42,572         11,672,812         2,724,929         2,665,194         662,271         313,323         6,365,717   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Associates and joint ventures

SNNC

     1,532         458         1,990         402,639         —           —           —           402,639   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. (formerly, Sungjin Geotec Co., Ltd.)(*1)

     15,028         48         15,076         1,735         65,802         9,781         6,883         84,201   

POSCHROME (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

     —           —           —           66,762         —           —           —           66,762   

PT. POSMI Steel Indonesia

     6,538         —           6,538         —           —           —           —           —     

POSK (Pinghu) Steel Processing Center Co., Ltd.

     3,786         —           3,786         —           —           —           —           —     

POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center Co., Ltd.

     19,906         —           19,906         —           —           —           —           —     

POSCO China Suzhou Processing Center Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO-SAMSUNG Suzhou Steel Processing Center Co., Ltd.)

     6,429         —           6,429         —           —           —           —           —     

Others

     546         165         711         3,937         —           —           176         4,113   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     53,765         671         54,436         475,073         65,802         9,781         7,059         557,715   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   11,684,005         43,243         11,727,248         3,200,002         2,730,996         672,052         320,382         6,923,432   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1) Sungjin Geotec Co., Ltd. merged with POSCO Plant Engineering Co., Ltd. and changed its name to POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. in 2013.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(b) The related account balances of significant transactions with related companies as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

 

  1) December 31, 2014

 

     Receivables      Payables  
(in millions of Won)    Trade accounts and
notes receivable
     Others      Total      Trade accounts
and notes payable
     Accounts
payable
     Others      Total  

Subsidiaries

                    

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD.

   42         71,967         72,009         —           41,878         —           41,878   

POSCO Processing & Service

     94,790         92         94,882         15,202         867         —           16,069   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

     69,314         67         69,381         —           5         1,936         1,941   

POSCO ICT

     13         103         116         920         70,823         5,425         77,168   

POSMATE

     —           1,673         1,673         600         2,007         4,828         7,435   

eNtoB Corporation

     —           —           —           12,564         28,432         43         41,039   

POSCO CHEMTECH

     49,456         4,283         53,739         57,610         9,890         17,864         85,364   

POSCO M-TECH

     —           37         37         7,311         12,231         22,703         42,245   

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

     17,326         2,809         20,135         —           —           1,962         1,962   

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

     27,429         30         27,459         —           117         115         232   

POSCO AST

     44,281         54         44,335         —           2,458         3,364         5,822   

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

     1,269         14         1,283         —           12,846         —           12,846   

Daewoo International Corporation

     164,029         3,178         167,207         8         210         1         219   

POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd.

     822         201,823         202,645         4,800         140         184         5,124   

POSCO America Corporation

     57,164         —           57,164         —           1,511         —           1,511   

POSCO Canada Ltd.

     —           —           —           —           4,534         —           4,534   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

     197,104         221         197,325         10,995         —           —           10,995   

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

     7,407         266         7,673         —           —           —           —     

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

     14,748         41         14,789         —           —           —           —     

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

     42,692         89         42,781         344         1,552         —           1,896   

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

     6,401         5         6,406         —           —           —           —     

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

     96,800         —           96,800         —           —           —           —     

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

     364,899         7,714         372,613         —           —           —           —     

Others

     126,474         56,788         183,262         7,239         54,727         1,545         63,511   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     1,382,460         351,254         1,733,714         117,593         244,228         59,970         421,791   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Associates and jointventures

                    

SNNC

     219         125         344         7,017         —           —           7,017   

POSCHROME (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

     —           —           —           1,162         —           —           1,162   

LLP POSUK Titanium

     —           4,235         4,235         —           —           —           —     

Others

     258         18         276         234         —           —           234   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     477         4,378         4,855         8,413         —           —           8,413   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   1,382,937         355,632         1,738,569         126,006         244,228         59,970         430,204   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

  2) December 31, 2013

 

     Receivables      Payables  
(in millions of Won)    Trade accounts and
notes receivable
     Others      Total      Trade accounts
and notes payable
     Accounts
payable
     Others      Total  

Subsidiaries

                    

POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION., LTD.

   40         110,955         110,995         —           105,603         —           105,603   

POSCO Processing & Service

     103,400         73         103,473         17,914         683         —           18,597   

POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.

     69,260         65         69,325         —           59         1,434         1,493   

POSCO ICT

     75         123         198         —           51,247         —           51,247   

POSMATE

     489         1,533         2,022         141         3,274         1,058         4,473   

eNtoB Corporation

     —           —           —           8,057         10,311         —           18,368   

POSCO CHEMTECH

     46,943         4,313         51,256         35,829         6,983         8,663         51,475   

POSCO M-TECH

     18         28         46         12,020         21,326         10,799         44,145   

POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

     14,733         2,894         17,627         —           421         —           421   

POSCO TMC Co., Ltd.

     20,510         26         20,536         —           16         50         66   

POSCO AST

     85,501         53         85,554         —           3,004         5,238         8,242   

POSHIMETAL Co., Ltd.

     1,721         12         1,733         —           12,624         —           12,624   

Daewoo International Corporation

     148,383         878         149,261         9,319         —           —           9,319   

POSCO America Corporation

     57,554         —           57,554         —           —           —           —     

POSCO Canada Ltd.

     —           —           —           12,323         —           —           12,323   

POSCO Asia Co., Ltd.

     134,602         142         134,744         2,063         —           —           2,063   

POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited

     6,052         7         6,059         —           —           —           —     

Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

     3,329         —           3,329         —           —           —           —     

POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd.

     73,992         —           73,992         862         108         1         971   

POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd.

     8,117         —           8,117         —           —           —           —     

POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V.

     100,016         76         100,092         —           —           —           —     

POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited

     55,392         3,218         58,610         —           —           —           —     

Others

     54,357         8,887         63,244         6,523         15,421         1,647         23,591   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     984,484         133,283         1,117,767         105,051         231,080         28,890         365,021   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Associates and jointventures

                    

SNNC

     140         40         180         16,669         —           —           16,669   

POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. (formerly, Sungjin Geotec Co., Ltd.)

     879         46         925         353         —           —           353   

POSCHROME (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED

     —           67         67         —           —           —           —     

LLP POSUK Titanium

     —           4,066         4,066         —           —           —           —     

Others

     —           17         17         319         2         —           321   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     1,019         4,236         5,255         17,341         2         —           17,343   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   985,503         137,519         1,123,022         122,392         231,082         28,890         382,364   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(c) For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, details of compensation to key management officers were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Short-term benefits

   31,984         31,332   

Long-term benefits

     12,387         8,004   

Retirement benefits

     6,354         6,296   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
50,725      45,632   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Key management officers include directors (including non-standing directors), executive officials and fellow officials who have significant influence and responsibilities in the Company’s business and operations.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

38. Commitments and Contingencies

 

(a) Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities may develop in a way not initially expected. Therefore, management continuously assesses contingent liabilities to determine whether an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits has become probable. If it becomes probable that an outflow of future economic benefits will be required for an item previously dealt with as a contingent liability, a provision is recognized in the financial statements of the period in which the change in probability occurs (except in the extremely rare circumstances where no reliable estimate can be made).

The management makes estimates and assumptions that affect disclosures of commitments and contingencies. All estimates and assumptions are based on the evaluation of current circumstances and appraisals with the supports of internal specialists or external consultants.

The management regularly analyzes current information about these matters and provides for probable contingent losses including the estimate of legal expense to resolve the matters. Internal and external lawyers are used for these assessments. In making the decision regarding the need for provisions, management considers whether the Company has an obligation as a result of a past event, whether it is probable that an outflow or cash or other resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the ability to make a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation.

 

(b) Commitments

The Company entered into long-term contracts to purchase iron ore, coal, nickel and others. The contracts of iron ore and coal generally have terms of more than three years and the contracts of nickel have terms of more than one year. These contracts provide for periodic price adjustments based on the market price. As of December 31, 2014, 137 million tons of iron ore and 32 million tons of coal remained to be purchased under such long-term contracts.

The Company entered into an agreement with Tangguh Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Consortium in Indonesia to purchase 550 thousand tons of LNG annually for 20 years commencing in August 2005. The purchase price is subject to change, based on changes of the monthly standard oil price (JCC) and with a price ceiling.

As of December 31, 2014, the Company entered into commitments with Korea National Oil Corporation for long-term foreign currency borrowings, which enables the Company to borrow up to the amount of USD 6.86 million, USD 6.58 million and USD 4.12 million. The borrowings are related to the Company’s exploration of gas hydrates in Aral Sea, Uzbekistan, the exploration of gas hydrates in Namangan-Chust and the exploration of gas hydrates in Western Fergana-Chenavard, respectively. The repayment of the borrowings depends on the success of the projects. The Company is not liable for the repayment of full or part of the amount borrowed if the respective projects fail. The Company has agreed to pay a certain portion of its profits under certain conditions, as defined by the borrowing agreements.

(c) As of December 31, 2014, the Company has provided two blank checks to Korea Resources Corporation as collateral for long-term domestic borrowings, and has provided six blank promissory notes and three blank checks to Korea National Oil Corporation as collateral for long-term foreign currency borrowings.

 

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Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

(d) Litigation in progress

 

  1) Civil lawsuits with Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation

During the year ended December 31, 2012, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation filed a civil lawsuit in the Tokyo District Court of Japan against POSCO and POSCO Japan Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of POSCO, to prohibit production and sales of grain oriented electrical steel sheets using improperly acquired trade secrets and seeking compensation from the Company of ₩907.3 billion. Through trials up to December 31, 2014, the Company submitted its responses that the Japan court did not have jurisdiction on this lawsuit as it should be judged by Korean law and the Company developed grain oriented electrical steel sheets using the Company’s own technologies. As of December 31, 2014, the court has not made any judgments on this matter. Since the Company does not believe that it has any present obligation, the Company has not recorded any provision for this lawsuit as of December 31, 2014.

 

  2) Other lawsuits and claims

The Company is involved in 38 other lawsuits and claims for alleged damages aggregating to ₩87.2 billion as defendant as of December 31, 2014, which arose in the ordinary course of business. The Company has recognized provisions amounting to ₩400 million for 1 lawsuit based on its reliable estimate of outflow of resources. However, the Company has not recognized any provisions for other 38 lawsuits and claims since the Company believes that it does not have a present obligation as of December 31, 2014.

 

(e) The Company has provided a supplemental funding agreement, as the largest shareholder, as requested from the creditors, including Norddeutsche Landesbank, for seamless funding to the construction of new power plant by POSCO Energy Co., Ltd.

 

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POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

39. Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Changes in operating assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Trade accounts and notes receivable, net

   213,875         679,054   

Other accounts receivable

     (84,958      68,281   

Advance payments

     (4,956      1,162   

Prepaid expenses

     (317      18,502   

Inventories

     136,875         860,472   

Long-term guarantee deposits

     (297      (616

Other long-term assets

     —           (1,120

Trade accounts payable and notes payable

     42,711         (242,871

Other accounts payable

     (65,758      (367,521

Accrued expenses

     104,423         (119,505

Advances received

     67,968         (23,575

Withholdings

     2,513         (5,058

Unearned revenue

     (385      (4,427

Other long-term liabilities

     8,109         (1,069

Derivatives liabilities

     (36,964      —     

Payment severance benefits

     (84,600      (70,170

Plan assets

     (100,285      (103,559
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
197,954      687,980   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

40. Non-Cash Transactions

Significant non-cash transactions for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

(in millions of Won)    2014      2013  

Construction-in-progress transferred to other accounts

   3,562,232         2,501,603   

Acquisition of short-term financial statements through issuance of treasury stocks

     —           804,496   

Financial guarantee liabilities

     7,730         20,812   

Investment in subsidiaries transferred to assets held for sale

     468,443         1,304   

Available-for-sale investment transferred to assets held for sale

     580,062         —     

Investments in subsidiary by contribution of property, plant and equipment

     558,915         —     

 

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Table of Contents

POSCO

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013

 

Notice to Readers

This report is annexed in relation to the audit of the separate financial statements as of December 31, 2014 and the review of internal accounting control system pursuant to Article 2-3 of the Act on External Audit for Joint-stock Companies of the Republic of Korea.

 

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Table of Contents

Independent Auditors’ Review Report on Internal Accounting Control System

English Translation of a Report Originally Issued in Korean

To the President of

POSCO:

We have reviewed the accompanying Report on the Operations of Internal Accounting Control System (“IACS”) of POSCO (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2014. The Company’s management is responsible for designing and maintaining effective IACS and for its assessment of the effectiveness of IACS. Our responsibility is to review management’s assessment and issue a report based on our review. In the accompanying report of management’s assessment of IACS, the Company’s management stated: “Based on the assessment on the operations of the IACS, the Company’s IACS has been effectively designed and is operating as of December 31, 2014, in all material respects, in accordance with the IACS Framework issued by the Internal Accounting Control System Operation Committee.”

We conducted our review in accordance with IACS Review Standards, issued by the Korean Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Those Standards require that we plan and perform the review to obtain assurance of a level less than that of an audit as to whether Report on the Operations of Internal Accounting Control System is free of material misstatement. Our review consists principally of obtaining an understanding of the Company’s IACS, inquiries of company personnel about the details of the report, and tracing to related documents we considered necessary in the circumstances. We have not performed an audit and, accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.

A company’s IACS is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in conformity with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards. Because of its inherent limitations, however, IACS may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that Report on the Operations of Internal Accounting Control System as of December 31, 2014 is not prepared in all material respects, in accordance with IACS Framework issued by the Internal Accounting Control System Operation Committee.

This report applies to the Company’s IACS in existence as of December 31, 2014. We did not review the Company’s IACS subsequent to December 31, 2014. This report has been prepared for Korean regulatory purposes, pursuant to the External Audit Law, and may not be appropriate for other purposes or for other users.

Seoul, Korea

February 25, 2015

 

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Table of Contents

Report on the Operations of Internal Accounting Control System

English Translation of a Report Originally Issued in Korean

Report on the Operations of Internal Accounting Control System

To the Board of Directors and Audit Committee of POSCO:

I, as the Internal Accounting Control Officer ( “IACO” ) of POSCO ( the “Company” ), have assessed the status of the design and operations of the Company’s internal accounting control system ( “IACS” ) as of December 31, 2014.

The Company’s management, including IACO, is responsible for the design and operations of its IACS. I, as the IACO, have assessed whether the IACS has been effectively designed and is operating to prevent and detect any error or fraud which may cause any misstatement of the financial statements, for the purpose of establishing the reliability of financial statement preparation and presentation for external uses. I, as the IACO, applied the IACS Standards established by the IACS Operations Committee for the assessment of design and operations of the IACS.

Based on the assessment of the operations of the IACS, the Company’s IACS has been effectively designed and is operating as of December 31, 2014, in all material respects, in accordance with the IACS Standards issued by the IACS Operations Committee.

January 27, 2015

 

LOGO
Kwon, Oh-Joon, Chief Executive Officer
LOGO
Lee, Young-Hoon, Internal Accounting Control Officer

 

 

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