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Risk Management
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Risk Management [Abstract] 
Risk Management [Text Block]
6.  Risk Management
 
Certain of our business activities expose us to risks associated with unfavorable changes in the market price of natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil.  We also have exposure to interest rate risk as a result of the issuance of our debt obligations.  Pursuant to our management's approved risk management policy, we use derivative contracts to hedge or reduce our exposure to certain of these risks.
 
Energy Commodity Price Risk Management
 
We are exposed to risks associated with changes in the market price of natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil as a result of the forecasted purchase or sale of these products.  Specifically, these risks are primarily associated with price volatility related to (i) pre-existing or anticipated physical natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil sales; (ii) natural gas purchases; and (iii) natural gas system use and storage.  Price changes are often caused by shifts in the supply and demand for these commodities, as well as their locations.
 
Our principal use of energy commodity derivative contracts is to mitigate the risk associated with unfavorable market movements in the price of energy commodities.  Our energy commodity derivative contracts act as a hedging (offset) mechanism against the volatility of energy commodity prices by allowing us to transfer this price risk to counterparties who are able and willing to bear it.
 
For derivative contracts that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges pursuant to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the portion of the gain or loss on the derivative contract that is effective (as defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles) in offsetting the variable cash flows associated with the hedged forecasted transaction is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings (e.g., in "revenues" when the hedged transactions are commodity sales).  The remaining gain or loss on the derivative contract in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future cash flows of the hedged item, if any (i.e., the ineffective portion as defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles), is recognized in earnings during the current period.
 
The effectiveness of hedges using an option contract may be assessed based on changes in the option's intrinsic value with the change in the time value of the contract being excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.  Changes in the excluded component of the change in an option's time value are included currently in earnings.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, we recognized net gains of $8.5 million and $10.4 million, respectively, related to crude oil hedges and resulting from both hedge ineffectiveness and amounts excluded from effectiveness testing.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, we recognized net losses of $9.5 million and net gains of $4.6 million, respectively, related to crude oil and natural gas hedges and resulting from both hedge ineffectiveness and amounts excluded from effectiveness testing.
 
Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, we reclassified losses of $49.0 million and $188.8 million, respectively, from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" into earnings, and for the same comparable periods last year, we reclassified losses of $47.6 million and $134.6 million, respectively, into earnings.  No material amounts were reclassified into earnings as a result of the discontinuance of cash flow hedges because it was probable that the original forecasted transactions would no longer occur by the end of the originally specified time period or within an additional two-month period of time thereafter, but rather, the amounts reclassified were the result of the hedged forecasted transactions actually affecting earnings (i.e., when the forecasted sales and purchase actually occurred).  The proceeds or payments resulting from the settlement of our cash flow hedges are reflected in the operating section of our statement of cash flows as changes to net income and working capital.
 
The "Accumulated other comprehensive gain" balance included in our Partners' Capital (exclusive of the portion included in "Noncontrolling interests") was $172.6 million as of September 30, 2011.  As of December 31, 2010, we had an "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" balance of $186.4 million.  These totals included a $165.1 million gain amount and a $307.1 million loss amount, respectively, associated with energy commodity price risk management activities.  Approximately $56.7 million of the total gain amount associated with energy commodity price risk management activities and included in our Partners' Capital as of September 30, 2011 is expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next twelve months (when the associated forecasted sales and purchases are also expected to occur), however, actual amounts could vary materially as a result of changes in market prices.  As of September 30, 2011, the maximum length of time over which we have hedged our exposure to the variability in future cash flows associated with energy commodity price risk is through December 2015.
 
As of September 30, 2011, we had entered into the following outstanding commodity forward contracts to hedge our forecasted energy commodity purchases and sales:
 
 
Net open position
long/(short)
Derivatives designated as hedging contracts
 
Crude oil
       (21.8) million barrels
Natural gas fixed price
         (3.6) billion cubic feet
Natural gas basis
         (4.2) billion cubic feet
Derivatives not designated as hedging contracts
 
Natural gas fixed price
          0.2 billion cubic feet
Natural gas basis
          2.3 billion cubic feet

For derivative contracts that are not designated as a hedge for accounting purposes, all realized and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in the statement of income during the current period.  These types of transactions include basis spreads, basis-only positions and gas daily swap positions.  We primarily enter into these positions to economically hedge an exposure through a relationship that does not qualify for hedge accounting.  Until settlement occurs, this will result in non-cash gains or losses being reported in our operating results.
 
Interest Rate Risk Management
 
In order to maintain a cost effective capital structure, it is our policy to borrow funds using a mix of fixed rate debt and variable rate debt.  We use interest rate swap agreements to manage the interest rate risk associated with the fair value of our fixed rate borrowings and to effectively convert a portion of the underlying cash flows related to our long-term fixed rate debt securities into variable rate cash flows in order to achieve our desired mix of fixed and variable rate debt.
 
Since the fair value of fixed rate debt varies inversely with changes in the market rate of interest, we enter into swap agreements to receive a fixed and pay a variable rate of interest in order to convert the interest expense associated with certain of our senior notes from fixed rates to variable rates, resulting in future cash flows that vary with the market rate of interest.  These swaps, therefore, hedge against changes in the fair value of our fixed rate debt that result from market interest rate changes.  For derivative contracts that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings.
 
As of September 30, 2011, we had a combined notional principal amount of $5,325 million of fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements, effectively converting the interest expense associated with certain series of our senior notes from fixed rates to variable rates based on an interest rate of LIBOR plus a spread.  All of our swap agreements have termination dates that correspond to the maturity dates of the related series of senior notes and, as of September 30, 2011, the maximum length of time over which we have hedged a portion of our exposure to the variability in the value of this debt due to interest rate risk is through March 15, 2035.
 
As of December 31, 2010, we had a combined notional principal amount of $4,775 million of fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements.  In March 2011, we entered into four additional fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements having a combined notional principal amount of $500 million.  Each agreement effectively converts a portion of the interest expense associated with our 3.50% senior notes due March 1, 2016 from a fixed rate to a variable rate based on an interest rate of LIBOR plus a spread.
 
In August 2011, we entered into two additional fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements having a combined notional principal amount of $250 million, effectively converting a portion of the interest expense associated with our 4.15% senior notes due March 1, 2022 from a fixed rate to a variable rate based on an interest rate of LIBOR plus a spread.  We also terminated two existing fixed-to-variable swap agreements having a combined notional principal amount of $200 million in two separate transactions.  We received combined proceeds of $73.0 million from the early termination of these swap agreements.
 
Fair Value of Derivative Contracts
 
The fair values of our current and non-current asset and liability derivative contracts are each reported separately as "Fair value of derivative contracts" on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  The following table summarizes the fair values of our derivative contracts included on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 (in millions):
 
Fair Value of Derivative Contracts
 
          
     
Asset derivatives
  
Liability derivatives
 
     
September 30,
  
December 31,
  
September 30,
  
December 31,
 
     
2011
  
2010
  
2011
  
2010
 
 
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
  
Fair value
  
Fair value
  
Fair value
 
Derivatives designated as hedging contracts
              
Energy commodity derivative contracts
Current
 $123.7  $20.1  $(67.0) $(275.9)
 
Non-current
  133.0   43.1   (21.4)  (103.0)
Subtotal
    256.7   63.2   (88.4)  (378.9)
                    
Interest rate swap agreements
Current
  6.1   -   -   - 
 
Non-current
  570.4   217.6   -   (69.2)
Subtotal
    576.5   217.6   -   (69.2)
                    
Total
    833.2   280.8   (88.4)  (448.1)
                    
Derivatives not designated as hedging contracts
                  
Energy commodity derivative contracts
Current
  5.4   3.9   (4.9)  (5.6)
Total
    5.4   3.9   (4.9)  (5.6)
                    
Total derivatives
   $838.6  $284.7  $(93.3) $(453.7)
____________
 
The offsetting entry to adjust the carrying value of the debt securities whose fair value was being hedged is included within "Value of interest rate swaps" on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets, which also includes any unamortized portion of proceeds received from the early termination of interest rate swap agreements.  As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, this unamortized premium totaled $494.7 million and $456.5 million, respectively, and as of September 30, 2011, the weighted average amortization period for this premium was approximately 17.9 years.
 
Effect of Derivative Contracts on the Income Statement
 
The following three tables summarize the impact of our derivative contracts on our accompanying consolidated statements of income for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 (in millions):
 
Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships
Location of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative
 
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in income
on derivative(a)
 
     
Three Months Ended
  
Nine Months Ended
 
     
September 30,
  
September 30,
 
     
2011
  
2010
  
2011
  
2010
 
Interest rate swap agreements
Interest, net - income/(expense)
 $436.8  $219.9  $501.1  $634.1 
Total
   $436.8  $219.9  $501.1  $634.1 

Hedged items in fair value hedging relationships
Location of gain/(loss) recognized in income on related hedged item
 
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in income
on related hedged item(a)
 
     
Three Months Ended
  
Nine Months Ended
 
     
September 30,
  
September 30,
 
     
2011
  
2010
  
2011
  
2010
 
Fixed rate debt
Interest, net - income/(expense)
 $(436.8) $(219.9) $(501.1) $(634.1)
Total
   $(436.8) $(219.9) $(501.1) $(634.1)
____________
 
(a)
Amounts reflect the change in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements and the change in the fair value of the associated fixed rate debt which exactly offset each other as a result of no hedge ineffectiveness.
 
____________
 

Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships
 
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in OCI on derivative (effective portion)
 
Location of gain/(loss) recognized from Accumulated OCI into income (effective portion)
 
Amount of gain/(loss) reclassified from Accumulated OCI into income (effective portion)
 
Location of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative (ineffective portion and amount excluded from effectiveness testing)
 
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative (ineffective portion and amount excluded from effectiveness testing)
 

 
Three Months Ended
  
Three Months Ended
  
Three Months Ended
 
 
September 30,
  
September 30,
  
September 30,
 
 
2011
 
2010
  
2011
 
2010
  
2011
 
2010
 
Energy commodity
 derivative contracts
 $386.6  $(83.3)
Revenues-natural
 gas sales
 $-  $3.6 
Revenues-natural
 gas sales
 $-  $- 
          
Revenues-product
 sales and other
  (50.5)  (44.2)
Revenues-product
 sales and other
  8.5   (7.9)
          
Gas purchases and
 other costs of sales
  1.5   (7.0)
Gas purchases and
 other costs of sales
  -   (1.6)
Total
 $386.6  $(83.3)
Total
 $(49.0) $(47.6)
Total
 $8.5  $(9.5)
                              

 
Nine Months Ended
  
Nine Months Ended
  
Nine Months Ended
 
 
September 30,
  
September 30,
  
September 30,
 
 
2011
 
2010
  
2011
 
2010
  
2011
 
2010
 
Energy commodity
 derivative contracts
 $288.8  $84.4 
Revenues-natural
 gas sales
 $1.0  $5.3 
Revenues-natural
 gas sales
 $-  $- 
          
Revenues-product
 sales and other
  (202.7)  (142.6)
Revenues-product
 sales and other
  10.4   5.4 
          
Gas purchases and
 other costs of sales
  12.9   2.7 
Gas purchases and
 other costs of sales
  -   (0.8)
Total
 $288.8  $84.4 
Total
 $(188.8) $(134.6)
Total
 $10.4  $4.6 
____________
 

 

 
Derivatives not designated
as hedging contracts
Location of gain/(loss) recognized
in income on derivative
 
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized
in income on derivative
 
     
Three Months Ended
  
Nine Months Ended
 
     
September 30,
  
September 30,
 
     
2011
  
2010
  
2011
  
2010
 
Energy commodity derivative contracts
Gas purchases and other costs of sales
 $(0.1) $0.2  $0.1  $1.0 
Total
   $(0.1) $0.2  $0.1  $1.0 
____________

Credit Risks
 
We have counterparty credit risk as a result of our use of financial derivative contracts.  Our counterparties consist primarily of financial institutions, major energy companies and local distribution companies.  This concentration of counterparties may impact our overall exposure to credit risk, either positively or negatively, in that the counterparties may be similarly affected by changes in economic, regulatory or other conditions.
 
We maintain credit policies with regard to our counterparties that we believe minimize our overall credit risk.  These policies include (i) an evaluation of potential counterparties' financial condition (including credit ratings); (ii) collateral requirements under certain circumstances; and (iii) the use of standardized agreements which allow for netting of positive and negative exposure associated with a single counterparty.  Based on our policies, exposure, credit and other reserves, our management does not anticipate a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows as a result of counterparty performance.
 
Our over-the-counter swaps and options are entered into with counterparties outside central trading organizations such as futures, options or stock exchanges.  These contracts are with a number of parties, all of which have investment grade credit ratings.  While we enter into derivative transactions principally with investment grade counterparties and actively monitor their ratings, it is nevertheless possible that from time to time losses will result from counterparty credit risk in the future.
 
The maximum potential exposure to credit losses on our derivative contracts as of September 30, 2011 was (in millions):
 
   
Asset position
 
Interest rate swap agreements
 $576.5 
Energy commodity derivative contracts
  262.1 
Gross exposure
  838.6 
Netting agreement impact
  (78.5)
Net exposure
 $760.1 

In conjunction with the purchase of exchange-traded derivative contracts or when the market value of our derivative contracts with specific counterparties exceeds established limits, we are required to provide collateral to our counterparties, which may include posting letters of credit or placing cash in margin accounts.  As of both September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, we had no outstanding letters of credit supporting our hedging of energy commodity price risks associated with the sale of natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil.
 
As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, our counterparties associated with our energy commodity contract positions and over-the-counter swap agreements had margin deposits with us totaling $8.9 million and $2.4 million, respectively, and we reported these amounts within "Accrued other current liabilities" in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  We also have agreements with certain counterparties to our derivative contracts that contain provisions requiring us to post additional collateral upon a decrease in our credit rating.  Based on contractual provisions as of September 30, 2011, we estimate that if our credit rating was downgraded, we would have the following additional collateral obligations (in millions):
 

 
Credit ratings downgraded (a)
 
Incremental obligations
  
Cumulative obligations(b)
 
One notch to BBB-/Baa3
 $-  $- 
          
Two notches to below BBB-/Baa3 (below investment grade)
 $12.8  $12.8 
_________

 (a)
If there are split ratings among the independent credit rating agencies, most counterparties use the higher credit rating to determine our incremental collateral obligations, while the remaining use the lower credit rating.  Therefore, a two notch downgrade to below BBB-/Baa3 by one agency would not trigger the entire $12.8 million incremental obligation.
 
(b)
Includes current posting at current rating.