8. Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was $54 and $118 compared to $52 and $86, respectively, for the same periods in 2016. The expense was primarily due to foreign operations. The Company has net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, consequently, minimal federal or state benefit or expense from the domestic operations was recognized as the deferred tax asset has a full valuation allowance.

The following was the income (loss) before income taxes for each jurisdiction in which the Company has operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.



	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
		June 30, 2017		June 30, 2016		June 30, 2017		June 30, 2016
United States	$	428	$	(1,382)	$	41	$	(1,414)
Singapore		16		363		(77)		567
Indonesia		18		18		34		36
United Kingdom		(286)		(354)		(411)		(299)
Germany		148		145		265		215
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	324	$	(1,210)	$	(148)	$	(895)