8. Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $64 compared to $34 for the same period in 2016. The expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, was primarily due to foreign operations. The Company has net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, consequently, minimal federal benefit or expense from the domestic operations was recognized as the deferred tax asset has a full valuation allowance.

The following was the income (loss) before income taxes for each jurisdiction in which the Company has operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.



	Three Months Ended
		March 31, 2017		March 31, 2016
United States	$	(387)	$	(32)
Singapore		(93)		204
Indonesia		16		18
United Kingdom		(125)		55
Germany		117		70
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(472)	$	315