Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 03, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Cheesecake Factory Incorporated and its wholly owned subsidiaries (referred to herein collectively as the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”) and are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany accounts and transactions for the periods presented have been eliminated in consolidation.

We utilize a 52/53-week fiscal year ending on the Tuesday closest to December 31 for financial reporting purposes. Fiscal year 2022 consisted of 53 weeks. Fiscal years 2021 and 2020 each consisted of 52 weeks. Fiscal year 2023 will consist of 52 weeks.

Beginning in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, we retitled the income statement line item “Cost of Sales” to “Food and Beverage Costs.” This is a title change only, and there is no difference in the classification of items within this category of costs.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions for the reporting periods covered by the financial statements. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

COVID-19 Pandemic, Geopolitical and Other Macroeconomic Impacts to our Operating Environment

COVID-19 Pandemic, Geopolitical and Other Macroeconomic Impacts to our Operating Environment

We have experienced significant disruptions to our business as federal, state and local restrictions have fluctuated over time to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus. While most of our restaurants operated with no restrictions on indoor dining during fiscal years 2021 and 2022, our revenues were negatively impacted during periods of accelerating case counts during which we incurred increased restaurant staff absenteeism and a temporary shift in consumer behavior, such as changes in customer traffic or the mix between on-premise and off-premise channels. We have incurred and may continue to incur additional costs to address government regulations and the safety of our staff members and customers.

In addition, we experienced labor shortfalls relative to our sales levels in certain parts of our workforce and/or geographies as we reopened our dining rooms after the lifting of mandatory social-distancing regulations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. During fiscal 2021, we also began to experience certain supply shortages and transportation delays largely attributable to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. These shortages continued in fiscal 2022 and were exacerbated by geopolitical unrest. The aggregate impact of these and other geopolitical and macroeconomic factors contributed to significantly increased commodity and wage inflation and other increased costs. We have also encountered delays in opening new restaurants due to supply chain challenges, as well as to longer lead times in obtaining licenses and permits and in the timeline required to complete the overall leasing process with landlords.

The ongoing effects of COVID-19 and its variants, along with other geopolitical and macroeconomic events could lead to further government mandates, including but not limited to capacity restrictions, shifts in consumer behavior, wage inflation, staffing challenges, product and services cost inflation, disruptions in the supply chain and delay in new restaurant openings. If these factors significantly impact our cash flow in the future, we may again implement mitigation actions such as suspending share repurchases, not declaring future dividends, increasing borrowings under our credit facility or modifying our operating strategies. Any of these measures may have an adverse impact on our business and materially adversely affect our financial performance.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Amounts receivable from credit card processors, totaling $19.1 million and $17.5 million at January 3, 2023 and December 28, 2021, respectively, are considered cash equivalents because they are both short-term and highly liquid in nature and are typically converted to cash within three days of the sales transaction. Our cash management system provides for the funding of all major bank disbursement accounts on a daily basis as checks are presented for payment. Under this system, outstanding checks are in excess of the cash balances at certain banks, which creates book overdrafts. Book overdrafts are presented as a current liability in other accrued expenses on our consolidated balance sheet.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents and receivables. We maintain our day-to-day operating cash balances in non-interest-bearing transaction accounts, which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. We invest our excess cash in a money market deposit account, which is insured by the FDIC up to $250,000. Although we maintain balances that exceed the federally insured limit, we have not experienced any losses related to this balance, and we believe credit risk to be minimal.

We consider the concentration of credit risk for accounts receivable from our bakery customers to be minimal due to the payment histories and general financial condition of our larger bakery accounts. Concentration of credit risk related to other receivables is limited as this balance is comprised primarily of amounts due from our gift card distributors, insurance providers and delivery partner.

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories consist of restaurant food and other supplies, bakery raw materials and bakery finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on an average cost basis at the restaurants and on a first-in, first-out basis at the bakeries.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

We record property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation. Improvements are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets or the reasonably certain lease term, whichever is shorter. Leasehold improvements include the cost of our internal development and construction department. Depreciation and amortization periods are as follows:

Buildings and land improvements	30 years
Leasehold improvements	10 to 30 years
Furnishings, fixtures and equipment	3 to 15 years	(1)
Computer software and equipment	5 years

(1) Other than certain types of restaurant equipment with estimated useful lives that equal or exceed the reasonably certain lease term, in which case the reasonably certain lease term is utilized.

Gains and losses related to property and equipment disposals are recorded in depreciation and amortization expenses.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Lease Termination Expenses

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Lease Termination Expenses

We assess the potential impairment of our long-lived assets on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets or asset group may not be recoverable. Factors considered include, but are not limited to, negative cash flow, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner in which an asset is being used, an expectation that an asset will be disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life and significant negative industry or economic trends. At any given time, we may be monitoring a number of locations, and future impairment charges could be required if individual restaurant performance does not improve or we make the decision to close or relocate a restaurant.

Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Impairment testing is performed at the individual restaurant asset group level, which is inclusive of property and equipment and lease right-of-use assets. Recoverability is assessed by comparing the carrying value of the assets to the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by those assets. Impairment losses are measured as the amount by which the carrying values of the assets exceed their fair value, which is determined based on discounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets.

In fiscal 2022, we recorded $31.4 million of expense primarily related to the impairment of long-lived assets for three The Cheesecake Factory, one Other FRC and three Other restaurants. In fiscal 2021, we recorded $16.3 million of expense primarily related to the impairment of long-lived assets for three The Cheesecake Factory and two Other restaurants. In fiscal 2020, we recorded $36.2 million of expense primarily related to the impairment of long-lived assets for one The Cheesecake Factory, one North Italia, two Other FRC and six Other restaurants, as well as lease termination costs and accelerated depreciation for one The Cheesecake Factory and seven Other restaurants. These amounts are recorded in impairment of assets and lease terminations on the consolidated statements of income/(loss).

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

The following table presents components of intangible assets, net (in thousands):

	Fiscal year ended
	January 3, 2023		December 28, 2021
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Goodwill	$	1,451	$	1,451
Trade names and trademarks		234,077		233,767
Transferable alcoholic beverage licenses		7,683		7,446
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets		243,211		242,664
Definite-lived intangible assets, net:
Licensing agreements		5,092		5,690
Non-transferable alcoholic beverage licenses		3,221		3,347
Total definite-lived intangible assets		8,313		9,037
Total intangible assets, net	$	251,524	$	251,701

Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized and are tested for impairment annually as of the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter or on an interim basis if events or changes in circumstances between annual tests indicate a potential impairment. First, we determine if, based on qualitative factors, it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. Factors considered include, but are not limited to, historical financial performance, assumptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, wage, product and services inflation, competitive environment, macroeconomic and industry conditions, results of prior impairment tests and share price performance. Any adverse change in these factors could have a significant impact on the recoverability of these assets and could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, then a quantitative assessment is performed. The quantitative assessments require the use of estimates and assumptions regarding future cash flows and asset fair values. Key assumptions include projected revenue growth and operating expenses, discount rates, royalty rates, valuation multiples and other factors that could affect fair value or otherwise indicate potential impairment. Such assessments could change materially if different estimates and assumptions were used.

We performed our annual impairment assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets as of the first day of the fourth quarters of fiscal 2022 and 2021 and concluded there was no impairment. During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we determined it was necessary to perform an interim assessment of our goodwill, trade names and trademarks due to the decrease in our stock price coupled with the dining room closures related to the COVID-19 pandemic and significant decline to the equity value of our peers and overall U.S. stock market. Based on the results of this assessment, we recorded goodwill impairment expense related to the Other FRC, North Italia and Flower Child operating segments of $33.8 million, $27.7 million and $17.9 million, respectively. In addition, we recorded impairment expense of $101.0 million related to trade names and trademarks. We performed our annual assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets as of the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 and concluded there was no further impairment of these assets, other than $0.4 million of expense related to transferable alcoholic beverage licenses.

Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives and reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable based on estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If impaired, the asset or asset group is written down to fair value based on discounted future cash flows. We performed our annual impairment assessment of definite-lived intangible assets as of the first day of the fourth quarters of fiscal 2022 and 2021. We concluded there was no impairment for fiscal 2022 and recorded $1.3 million of impairment expense in fiscal 2021 related to licensing agreements. During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we determined it was necessary to perform an interim assessment of our licensing agreements and we recorded impairment expense of $2.3 million related to licensing agreements. Amortization expenses related to our definite-lived intangible assets were $0.5 million, $0.7 million and $0.7 million for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Definite-lived intangible assets will be amortized over one to 53 years.

We evaluate the useful lives of our intangible assets, other than goodwill, at each reporting period to determine if they are definite or indefinite-lived. A determination on useful life requires judgments and assumptions regarding the future effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, other economic factors (such as the stability of the industry, legislative action that results in an uncertain or changing regulatory environment and expected changes in distribution channels), the level of required maintenance expenditures and the expected lives of other related groups of assets.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Our revenues consist of sales at our Company-owned restaurants, sales from our bakery operations to our licensees and other third-party customers, royalties from our licensees’ restaurant sales and from consumer packaged goods sales, and licensee development and site fees. Revenues are presented net of sales taxes. Sales tax collected is included in other accrued expenses until the taxes are remitted to the appropriate taxing authorities.

Revenues from restaurant sales are recognized when payment is tendered at the point of sale. Revenues from bakery sales are recognized upon transfer of title and risk to customers. Royalty revenues are recognized in the period the related sales occur, utilizing the sale-based royalty exception available under current accounting guidance. Our consumer packaged goods minimum guarantees do not require distinct performance obligations. Therefore, related revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the applicable agreements, ranging from five to seven years. As our development and site fee agreements do not contain distinct performance obligations, related revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the applicable agreements, ranging from eight to 30 years. Deferred and recognized revenue for new minimum guarantees for consumer packaged goods and for new site and development agreements were immaterial in all periods presented.

We recognize a liability upon the sale of our gift cards and recognize revenue when these gift cards are redeemed in our restaurants. Based on our historical redemption patterns, we can reasonably estimate the amount of gift cards for which redemption is remote, which is referred to as “breakage.” Breakage is recognized over a three-year period in proportion to historical redemption trends and is classified as revenues in our consolidated statements of income/(loss). We recognized $7.0 million, $6.8 million and $7.6 million of gift card breakage in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Incremental direct costs related to gift card sales, including commissions and credit card fees, are deferred and recognized in earnings in the same pattern as the related gift card revenue.

Certain of our promotional programs include multiple element arrangements that incorporate various performance obligations. We allocate revenue using the relative selling price of each performance obligation considering the likelihood of redemption and recognize revenue upon satisfaction of each performance obligation. During fiscal 2022, we deferred and recognized previously deferred revenue of $27.3 million and $23.6 million, respectively, related to promotional programs. During fiscal 2021, we deferred and recognized previously deferred revenue of $27.5 million and $15.2 million, respectively, related to promotional programs. During fiscal 2020, we deferred and recognized previously deferred revenue of $11.6 million and $11.2 million, respectively, related to promotional programs.

Leases

Leases

We currently lease all of our restaurant locations, generally with initial terms of 10 to 20 years plus two five-year renewal options. Our leases typically require contingent rent above the minimum base rent payments based on a percentage of revenues ranging from 2% to 10%, have escalating minimum rent requirements over the term of the lease and require payment for various expenses incidental to the use of the property. A majority of our leases provide for a reduced level of overall rent obligation if specified co-tenancy requirements are not satisfied. We expend cash for leasehold improvements and furniture, fixtures, and equipment to build out and equip our leased premises. We may also expend cash for structural additions that we make to leased premises. Generally, a portion of the leasehold improvements and building costs are reimbursed to us by our landlords as construction contributions. If obtained, landlord construction contributions usually take the form of up-front cash, full or partial credits against our future minimum or percentage rents, or a combination thereof. We do not meet any of the accounting criteria under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases, for being the owner of the asset under construction. Many of our leases provide early termination rights permitting us to terminate the lease prior to expiration in the event our revenues are below a stated level for a period of time, generally conditioned upon repayment of the unamortized landlord contributions.

In addition to leases for our restaurant locations, we also lease automobiles and certain equipment that is used in the restaurants, bakeries and corporate office. The leases for our restaurant locations, automobiles and certain restaurant equipment are included in our operating lease assets and liabilities. All other leases are immaterial or qualify for the short-term lease exclusion.

The assessment of whether a contract is or contains a lease is performed at contract inception. A lease is defined as a contract that conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control is defined as having both the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the asset and to direct how and for what purpose the asset is used.

At lease commencement, we evaluate each material lease and those that don’t qualify for the short-term exclusion to determine its appropriate classification as an operating or finance lease. All of the leases evaluated meet the criteria for classification as operating leases. For restaurant leases that existed as of the adoption of ASC 842, we continued to apply our historical practice of excluding executory costs, and only minimum base rent was factored into the initial operating lease liability and corresponding lease asset. For restaurant leases beginning after adoption of ASC 842, we have elected the single lease component practical expedient. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recorded on the balance sheet at lease commencement based on the present value of minimum base rent and other fixed payments over the reasonably certain lease term. The difference between the amounts we expend for structural costs and the construction contributions received from our landlords is recorded as an adjustment to the operating lease asset. Lease terms include the build-out period for our leases where no rent payments are typically due under the terms of the lease, as well as options to renew when we deem we have significant economic incentive to exercise the extension. When determining if we have a significant economic incentive, we consider relevant factors, such as contractual, asset, entity and market-based considerations. Option periods are included in the lease term for the majority of our leases. Termination rights have not been factored into the lease terms since based on our probability assessment we are reasonably certain we will not terminate our leases.

We cannot determine the interest rate implicit in our leases because we do not have access to the lessor’s estimated residual value or the amount of the lessor’s deferred initial direct costs. Therefore, we use our incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for our leases. Our incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest we would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms. Because we do not generally borrow on a collateralized basis, we derive an appropriate incremental borrowing rate using the interest rate we pay on our non-collateralized borrowings, adjusted for the amount of the lease payments, the lease term and the effect of designating specific collateral with a value equal to the unpaid lease payments for that lease.

We monitor for events or changes in circumstances that require reassessment of our leases. When a reassessment results in the re-measurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the operating lease asset. We also assess the potential impairment of our operating lease assets under long-lived asset impairment guidance in ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment: Impairment or disposal on long-lived assets.

Rent expense included in our operating lease assets is recognized on a straight-line basis. Contingent rent expense is recorded as incurred to the extent it exceeds minimum base rent per the lease agreement. Variable lease payments, which primarily consist of real estate taxes, common area maintenance charges, insurance cost and other operating expenses, are not included in the operating lease right-of-use asset or operating lease liability balances and are recognized as incurred. Rent expense is included in other operating costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of income/(loss).

The reasonably certain lease term and the incremental borrowing rate for each restaurant location require judgment by management and can impact the classification and accounting for a lease as operating or finance, the value of the operating lease asset and liability and the term over which leasehold improvements for each restaurant are depreciated. These judgments may produce materially different amounts of operating lease assets and liabilities, rent expense and interest expense than would be reported if different assumptions were used.

Self-Insurance Liabilities

Self-Insurance Liabilities

We retain financial responsibility for a significant portion of our risks and associated liabilities with respect to workers’ compensation, general liability, staff member health benefits, employment practices and other insurable risks. The accrued liabilities associated with these programs are based on our estimate of the ultimate costs to settle known claims, as well as claims incurred but not yet reported to us (“IBNR”) as of the balance sheet date and are recorded in other accrued expenses. Our estimated liabilities, which are not discounted, are based on information provided by our insurance brokers and insurers, combined with our judgment regarding a number of assumptions and factors, including the frequency and severity of claims, claims development history, case jurisdiction, applicable legislation and our claims settlement practices. Significant judgment is required to estimate IBNR amounts, as parties have yet to assert such claims. If actual claims trends, including the severity or frequency of claims, differ from our estimates, our financial results could be impacted.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

We maintain stock-based incentive plans under which equity awards may be granted to staff members, consultants and non-employee directors. We account for the awards based on fair value measurement guidance and amortize to expense over the vesting period using a straight-line or graded-vesting schedule, as applicable. (See Note 16 for further discussion of our stock-based compensation.)

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs

We expense advertising production costs at the time the advertising first takes place. All other advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Most of our advertising costs are included in other operating costs and expenses and were $21.0 million, $18.3 million and $16.0 million in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Preopening Costs

Preopening Costs

Preopening costs include all costs to relocate and compensate restaurant management staff members during the preopening period, costs to recruit and train hourly restaurant staff members, and wages, travel and lodging costs for our opening training team and other support staff members. Also included are expenses for maintaining a roster of trained managers for pending openings, the associated temporary housing and other costs necessary to relocate managers in alignment with future restaurant opening and operating needs, and corporate travel and support activities. We expense preopening costs as incurred.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We provide for federal, state and foreign income taxes currently payable and for deferred taxes that result from differences between financial accounting rules and tax laws governing the timing of recognition of various income and expense items. We recognize deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the future tax effects of such temporary differences based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities using the statutory rates expected in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred taxes of any enacted change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Income tax credits are recorded as a reduction of tax expense.

We routinely evaluate the likelihood of realizing the benefit of our deferred tax assets and record a valuation allowance if, based on all available evidence, we determine that some portion of the tax benefit will not be realized. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdictions from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies (when applicable) and results of recent operations. If we later determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in excess of their net recorded amount, we adjust the deferred tax asset valuation allowance and reduce income tax expense.

We evaluate our exposures associated with our various tax filing positions and recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities based solely on its technical merits, taking into account available administrative remedies and litigation. If this threshold is met, we recognize only the portion of the tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. We record a liability for any portion of the tax benefit that does not meet these recognition and measurement criteria and we adjust this liability through income tax expense in the period in which the uncertain tax position is effectively settled, when the statute of limitations expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position or when new information becomes available. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

Net Income/(Loss) per Share

Net Income/(Loss) per Share

Basic net income/(loss) per share is computed by dividing net income/(loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, reduced by unvested restricted stock awards. At January 3, 2023, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020, 2.5 million shares, 2.1 million shares and 2.0 million shares, respectively, of restricted stock and restricted stock units issued were unvested and, therefore, excluded from the calculation of basic earnings per share for the fiscal years ended on those dates.

Diluted net income/(loss) per share is computed by dividing net income/(loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents for our convertible senior notes due 2026 (“Notes”) are determined by application of the if-converted method, and common stock equivalents for outstanding stock options and restricted stock are determined by the application of the treasury stock method.

Holders of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series A preferred stock”) participated in dividends on an as-converted basis when declared on common stock. As a result, our Series A preferred stock met the definition of a participating security which required us to apply the two-class method to compute both basic and diluted net income per share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats participating securities as having rights to earnings that would otherwise have been available to common stockholders. In addition, as our Series A preferred stock was a participating security, we were required to calculate diluted net income per share under the if-converted method in addition to the two-class method and utilize the most dilutive result. In periods where there is a net loss, no allocation of undistributed net loss to preferred stockholders was performed as the holders of our Series A preferred stock were not contractually obligated to participate in our losses.

	Fiscal Year
	2022		2021		2020
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Basic net income/(loss) per common share:
Net income/(loss)	$	43,123	$	72,373	$	(253,365)
Dividends on Series A preferred stock		—		(18,661)		(13,485)
Direct and incremental Series A preferred stock issuance costs		—		—		(10,257)
Undistributed earnings allocated to Series A preferred stock		—		(4,581)		—
Net income/(loss) available to common stockholders		43,123		49,131		(277,107)
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding		49,815		47,529		43,869
Basic net income/(loss) per common share	$	0.87	$	1.03	$	(6.32)
Diluted net income/(loss) per common share:
Net income/(loss) available to common stockholders		43,123		49,131		(277,107)
Reallocation of undistributed earnings to Series A preferred stock		—		85		—
Net income/(loss) available to common stockholders for diluted EPS		43,123		49,216		(277,107)
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding		49,815		47,529		43,869
Dilutive effect of equity awards (1)		599		981		—
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding		50,414		48,510		43,869
Diluted net income/(loss) per common share	$	0.86	$	1.01	$	(6.32)

(1) Shares of common stock equivalents related to outstanding stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units of 3.3 million, 1.9 million and 4.0 million for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, were excluded from the diluted calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect. No shares of common stock equivalents related to the Notes were included in the diluted calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect.

Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

Comprehensive income/(loss) includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investment by and distribution to owners. Our comprehensive income consists of net income/(loss), unrealized gains/(losses) on our interest rate swap and translation gains/(losses) related to our Canadian restaurant operations.

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency

The Canadian dollar is the functional currency for our Canadian restaurant operations. Revenue and expense accounts are translated into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates during the reporting period. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect at the reporting period end date. Equity accounts are translated at historical rates, except for the change in retained earnings which is the result of the income statement translation process. Translation gains and losses are reported as a separate component in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) and would only be realized upon the sale or upon complete or substantially complete liquidation of the business. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are recognized in our consolidated statements of income/(loss) in interest and other expense, net.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which is intended to simplify the accounting and measurement of convertible instruments and the settlement assessment for contracts in an entity’s own equity. This pronouncement was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and early adoption was permitted. The guidance allowed for either full retrospective adoption or modified retrospective adoption. We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 utilizing the modified retrospective method and, accordingly, recorded a $4.8 million cumulative adjustment to retained earnings to reverse previously-recorded beneficial conversion features. As further discussed in Note 10, we issued certain Notes during the second quarter of fiscal 2021, and the accounting for these instruments was based on the guidance in ASU 2020-06. Additionally, the impact on diluted earnings per share of the Notes was calculated based on the if-converted method, as further described in Note 1.