Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

The accounting and financial reporting policies of Columbia Banking System, Inc. conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and with prevailing practices within the banking and securities industries. All references in this report to "Columbia," "we," "our," or "us" or similar references mean the Company and its subsidiaries, including the wholly-owned banking subsidiary Umpqua Bank (the "Bank"). FinPac is a commercial equipment leasing company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and the Bank's wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. The condensed consolidated financial statements have not been audited. A more detailed description of the Company's accounting policies is included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to March 31, 2024, for potential recognition or disclosure. In management's opinion, all accounting adjustments necessary to accurately reflect the financial position and results of operations on the accompanying financial statements have been made. These adjustments include normal and recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair and accurate presentation. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or any other interim period.

Basis of Financial Statement Presentation-On February 28, 2023, UHC merged with and into Columbia, with Columbia continuing as the surviving legal corporation. Promptly following the Merger, Columbia’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Columbia State Bank, merged with and into UHC’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Umpqua Bank, with Umpqua Bank as the surviving bank. Upon completion of the Merger, the combined company became Columbia Banking System, Inc., a financial holding company that wholly owns the Bank.

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse merger using the acquisition method of accounting; therefore, UHC was deemed the acquirer for financial reporting purposes, even though Columbia was the legal acquirer. The Merger was effectively an all-stock transaction and has been accounted for as a business combination. Columbia's financial results for any periods ended prior to February 28, 2023, the Merger Date, reflect UHC results only on a standalone basis. Accordingly, Columbia's reported financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2023, reflect only UHC financial results through the closing of the Merger and may not be directly comparable to the prior or future reported periods. Under the reverse acquisition method of accounting, the assets and liabilities of Columbia were recorded at their respective fair values as of February 28, 2023 ("historical Columbia"). Refer to Note 2 - Business Combination for additional information on this acquisition.

Application of new accounting guidance

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The amendments in this ASU clarify that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments also clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. The amendments also update the disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual restrictions. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2024, using a prospective methodology, and it did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). The amendments in this ASU permit companies to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Under the proportional amortization method, an entity amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received and recognizes the net amortization and income tax credits and other income tax benefits in the statement of operations as a component of income tax expense (benefit). The amendments also require that a reporting entity disclose certain information in annual and interim reporting periods that enable investors to understand the investments that generate income tax credits and other income tax benefits from a tax credit program. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2024, and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 13 - Income Taxes for additional information.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements. The amendments in this ASU modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of topics in the codification. The amendments align the requirements in the codification with the SEC’s regulations. Each amendment is effective on the date on which the SEC removes the related disclosure requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, as applicable. For all entities within the scope of the affected codification subtopics, if, by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the applicable requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, the pending content of the associated amendment will be removed from the codification and will not become effective for any entities. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280). The amendments improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The ASU requires that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments are intended to provide more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The ASU requires annual disclosure of the rate reconciliation of specific categories as well as additional information related to the reconciliation of certain items that meet a quantitative threshold and further disaggregation of income taxes paid. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-01, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards. The amendments improve GAAP by adding an illustrative example to demonstrate how an entity should apply the scope guidance in paragraph 718-10-15-3 to determine whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. The effective date is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on the Company's consolidated financial statements.