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Regulatory Capital Requirements
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Broker-Dealer, Net Capital Requirement, SEC Regulation [Abstract]  
Regulatory Capital Requirements [Text Block] Regulatory Capital Requirements
The Company (on a consolidated basis) and its banking subsidiary are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company and its banking subsidiary’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and its banking subsidiary must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.
Basel III capital requirements became effective on January 1, 2015. The capital requirements, among other things (i) specify that Tier 1 capital consists of CET1, and “Additional Tier 1 capital” instruments meeting specified requirements, (ii) define CET1 narrowly by requiring that most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to the other components of capital and (iii) expand the scope of the deductions/adjustments to capital as compared to existing regulations. Under the requirements that are now effective, the minimum capital ratios are (i) 4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets, (ii) 6% Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, (iii) 8% total capital to risk-weighted assets and (iv) 4% Tier 1 capital to average total assets (Tier 1 leverage). The Company and the Bank have made the one-time election to opt-out of including accumulated other comprehensive income items in regulatory capital calculations.
The Capital Rules also require a capital conservation buffer designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. The capital conservation buffer is composed entirely of CET1, on top of these minimum risk-weighted asset ratios. In addition, the Capital Rules provide for a countercyclical capital buffer applicable only to certain covered institutions. We do not expect the countercyclical capital buffer to be applicable to us or the Bank. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the capital conservation buffer (or below the combined capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital buffer, when the latter is applied) will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.
The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level and was fully phased in over a three-year period (increasing by 0.625% on each subsequent January 1, until it reached 2.5% on January 1, 2019). As a result, the Company and the Bank are now required to maintain such additional capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of CET1, effectively resulting in minimum ratios of (i) 7% CET1 to risk-weighted assets, (ii) 8.5% Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and (iii) 10.5% total capital to risk-weighted assets. At December 31, 2021, the capital conservation buffer for the Company and the Bank was 6.21% and 6.18%, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, we and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements under the Capital Rules.
FDIC regulations set forth the qualifications necessary for a bank to be classified as “well-capitalized,” primarily for assignment of FDIC insurance premium rates. To qualify as “well-capitalized,” banks must have a CET1 risk-adjusted capital ratio of 6.5%, a Tier I risk-adjusted capital ratio of at least 8%, a total risk-adjusted capital ratio of at least 10% and a leverage ratio of at least 5%. Failure to qualify as “well-capitalized” can negatively impact a bank’s ability to expand and to engage in certain activities.
As of December 31, 2021, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized Columbia Bank as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well- capitalized, an institution must maintain minimum CET1 risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, total risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. There are no conditions or events since the notification that management believes have changed Columbia Bank’s category.
The Company and its banking subsidiary’s actual capital amounts and ratios as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are presented in the following table:
 ActualMinimum Required
For Capital
Adequacy
Purposes		Minimum Required
Plus Capital
Conservation Buffer		To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt
Corrective Action
Provision
AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
 (dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2021
CET1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company$1,710,981 13.01 %$591,585 4.50 %$920,244 7.00 %N/AN/A
Columbia Bank$1,716,186 13.06 %$591,154 4.50 %$919,754 7.00 %$853,890 6.50 %
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company$1,710,981 13.01 %$788,780 6.00 %$1,117,439 8.50 %N/AN/A
Columbia Bank$1,716,186 13.06 %$788,206 6.00 %$1,116,625 8.50 %$1,050,941 8.00 %
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company$1,868,192 14.21 %$1,051,707 8.00 %$1,380,366 10.50 %N/AN/A
Columbia Bank$1,863,397 14.18 %$1,050,941 8.00 %$1,379,360 10.50 %$1,313,677 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital Leverage (to average assets):
The Company$1,710,981 8.55 %$800,615 4.00 %$800,615 4.00 %N/AN/A
Columbia Bank$1,716,186 8.60 %$798,206 4.00 %$798,206 4.00 %$997,757 5.00 %
December 31, 2020
CET1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company$1,390,958 12.88 %$486,080 4.50 %$756,125 7.00 %N/AN/A
Columbia Bank$1,411,834 13.08 %$485,775 4.50 %$755,651 7.00 %$701,676 6.50 %
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company$1,390,958 12.88 %$648,107 6.00 %$918,152 8.50 %N/AN/A
Columbia Bank$1,411,834 13.08 %$647,700 6.00 %$917,576 8.50 %$863,601 8.00 %
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets):
The Company$1,561,020 14.45 %$864,143 8.00 %$1,134,187 10.50 %N/AN/A
Columbia Bank$1,546,804 14.33 %$863,601 8.00 %$1,133,476 10.50 %$1,079,501 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital Leverage (to average assets):
The Company$1,390,958 8.86 %$628,112 4.00 %$628,112 4.00 %N/AN/A
Columbia Bank$1,411,834 9.08 %$622,171 4.00 %$622,171 4.00 %$777,714 5.00 %