8-K 1 y71185e8vk.htm FORM 8-K FORM 8-K
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):
September 16, 2008
THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
         
Delaware   No. 001-14965   No. 13-4019460
         
(State or other jurisdiction   (Commission   (IRS Employer
of incorporation)   File Number)   Identification No.)
     
85 Broad Street    
New York, New York   10004
     
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 902-1000
N/A
 
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
[  ] Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
[  ] Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
[  ] Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
[  ] Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))



 


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Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
Item 8.01 Other Events.
Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.
Signature
EX-99.1: PRESS RELEASE


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Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
On September 16, 2008, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (“Group Inc.” and, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “firm”) reported its earnings for its fiscal third quarter ended August 29, 2008. A copy of Group Inc.’s press release containing this information is being furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information furnished pursuant to this Item 2.02, including Exhibit 99.1, shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act) or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Group Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act.
Item 8.01 Other Events.
On September 16, 2008, Group Inc. reported net revenues of $6.04 billion and net earnings of $845 million for its third quarter ended August 29, 2008. Diluted earnings per common share were $1.81 compared with $6.13 for the third quarter of 2007 and $4.58 for the second quarter of 2008. Annualized return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (1) was 8.8% for the third quarter of 2008 and 16.3% for the first nine months of 2008. Annualized return on average common shareholders’ equity was 7.7% for the third quarter of 2008 and 14.2% for the first nine months of 2008.
Net Revenues
Investment Banking
Net revenues in Investment Banking were $1.29 billion, 40% lower than the third quarter of 2007 and 23% lower than the second quarter of 2008.
Net revenues in Financial Advisory were $619 million, 56% lower than a particularly strong third quarter of 2007, primarily reflecting a decrease in industry-wide completed mergers and acquisitions. Net revenues in the firm’s Underwriting business were $675 million, 8% lower than the third quarter of 2007, due to lower net revenues in equity underwriting, primarily reflecting a decrease in industry-wide initial public offerings. Net revenues in debt underwriting were essentially unchanged from the third quarter of 2007. The firm’s investment banking transaction backlog increased during the quarter. (2)
Trading and Principal Investments
Net revenues in Trading and Principal Investments were $2.70 billion, 67% lower than the third quarter of 2007 and 52% lower than the second quarter of 2008.
Net revenues in Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities (FICC) were $1.60 billion, 67% lower than a very strong third quarter of 2007, primarily reflecting particularly weak results in credit products and mortgages, which were adversely affected by broad-based declines in

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asset values. Credit products included very weak results from investments and a loss of approximately $275 million (including hedges) related to non-investment-grade credit origination activities. Mortgages included net losses of approximately $500 million on residential mortgage loans and securities and approximately $325 million on commercial mortgage loans and securities. Commodities produced strong results, which were higher compared with the third quarter of 2007. Net revenues in currencies and interest rate products were also strong, although essentially unchanged from the third quarter of 2007. During the quarter, FICC operated in an environment generally characterized by wider mortgage and corporate credit spreads, volatile markets and lower levels of client activity.
Net revenues in Equities were $1.56 billion, 50% lower than a particularly strong third quarter of 2007. During the quarter, Equities operated in a challenging environment characterized by a significant decline in global equity prices, deleveraging by clients and generally lower client activity levels towards the end of the quarter. The decline in net revenues reflected very weak results in principal strategies. In addition, net revenues in derivatives were significantly lower than a particularly strong third quarter of 2007. Commissions were strong, but lower, compared with the third quarter of 2007.
Principal Investments recorded a net loss of $453 million for the third quarter of 2008. These results included losses from corporate and real estate principal investments, partially offset by a $106 million gain related to the firm’s investment in the ordinary shares of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited (ICBC).
Asset Management and Securities Services
Net revenues in Asset Management and Securities Services were $2.05 billion, 4% higher than the third quarter of 2007 and 5% lower than the second quarter of 2008.
Asset Management net revenues were $1.13 billion, 6% lower than the third quarter of 2007, reflecting lower management and other fees, as well as lower incentive fees. The decrease in management and other fees primarily reflected the impact of one fewer week in the firm’s fiscal third quarter of 2008 compared with the third quarter of 2007. During the quarter, assets under management decreased $32 billion to $863 billion, due to $25 billion of market depreciation, primarily in equity assets, and $7 billion of net outflows. Net outflows reflected outflows in equity and money market assets, partially offset by inflows in alternative investment and fixed income assets.
Securities Services net revenues were $916 million, 20% higher than the third quarter of 2007. The firm’s prime brokerage business continued to generate strong results and customer balances were higher compared with the third quarter of 2007.

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Expenses
Operating expenses were $5.08 billion, 37% lower than the third quarter of 2007 and 23% lower than the second quarter of 2008.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefits expenses were $2.90 billion, 51% lower than the third quarter of 2007, commensurate with lower net revenues. The ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues was 48.0% for the first nine months of 2008, consistent with the first nine months of 2007. Employment levels increased 3% during the quarter, primarily reflecting the seasonal timing of school hires.
Non-Compensation Expenses
Non-compensation expenses were $2.18 billion, 1% higher than the third quarter of 2007 and 6% higher than the second quarter of 2008. Excluding consolidated entities held for investment purposes (3), non-compensation expenses were 3% lower than the third quarter of 2007, primarily reflecting lower brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees.
Provision for Taxes
The effective income tax rate for the first nine months of 2008 was 25.1%, down from 27.7% for the first half of 2008 and down from 34.1% for fiscal year 2007. The decreases in the effective income tax rate were primarily due to changes in geographic earnings mix and an increase in permanent benefits as a percentage of lower earnings.
Capital
As of August 29, 2008, total capital was $221.97 billion, consisting of $45.60 billion in total shareholders’ equity (common shareholders’ equity of $42.50 billion and preferred stock of $3.10 billion) and $176.37 billion in unsecured long-term borrowings. Book value per common share was $99.30 and tangible book value per common share (1) was $87.11, each increasing 2% during the quarter. Book value and tangible book value per common share are based on common shares outstanding, including restricted stock units granted to employees with no future service requirements, of 428.0 million at period end.
The firm repurchased 1.5 million shares of its common stock at an average cost per share of $180.07, for a total cost of $271 million during the quarter. The remaining share authorization under the firm’s existing share repurchase program is 60.9 million shares.
The firm’s Tier 1 Ratio (4) was 11.6% as of August 29, 2008.

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Other Balance Sheet and Liquidity Metrics
  Total assets (5) were $1.08 trillion as of August 29, 2008.
 
  Level 3 assets (6), including those for which the firm bears no economic exposure, were approximately $68 billion as of August 29, 2008 and represented 6% of total assets. Level 3 assets excluding those for which the firm bears no economic exposure (6) were approximately $58 billion as of August 29, 2008 and represented 5% of total assets.
 
  Average global core excess (7) liquidity was $102.33 billion for the quarter ended August 29, 2008.
Dividends
The Board of Directors of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (the Board) declared a dividend of $0.35 per common share to be paid on November 24, 2008 to common shareholders of record on October 27, 2008. The Board also declared dividends of $236.98, $387.50, $252.78 and $252.78 per share of Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock, respectively (represented by depositary shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of preferred stock), to be paid on November 10, 2008 to preferred shareholders of record on October 26, 2008.

 
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Report on Form 8-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are not historical facts but instead represent only the firm’s beliefs regarding future events, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and outside of the firm’s control. It is possible that the firm’s actual results and financial condition may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results and financial condition indicated in these forward-looking statements. For a discussion of some of the risks and important factors that could affect the firm’s future results and financial condition, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the firm’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the firm’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007.
Certain of the information regarding the firm’s capital ratio, total assets, level 3 assets and global core excess liquidity consist of preliminary estimates; these estimates are forward-looking statements and are subject to change, possibly materially, as the firm completes its quarterly financial statements.

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Statements about the firm’s investment banking transaction backlog also may constitute forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to the risk that the terms of these transactions may be modified or that they may not be completed at all; therefore, the net revenues, if any, that the firm actually earns from these transactions may differ, possibly materially, from those currently expected. Important factors that could result in a modification of the terms of a transaction or a transaction not being completed include, in the case of underwriting transactions, a decline in general economic conditions, outbreak of hostilities, volatility in the securities markets generally or an adverse development with respect to the issuer of the securities and, in the case of financial advisory transactions, a decline in the securities markets, an inability to obtain adequate financing, an adverse development with respect to a party to the transaction or a failure to obtain a required regulatory approval. For a discussion of other important factors that could adversely affect the firm’s investment banking transactions, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the firm’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the firm’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEGMENT NET REVENUES
(UNAUDITED)

$ in millions

                                         
    Three Months Ended     % Change From  
             Aug. 29,                       May 30,                       Aug. 31,                       May 30,                       Aug. 31,           
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
Investment Banking
                                       
Financial Advisory
  $ 619     $ 800     $ 1,412       (23 )%     (56 )%
                                       
Equity underwriting
    292       616       355       (53 )     (18 )
Debt underwriting
    383       269       378       42       1  
 
                             
Total Underwriting
    675       885       733       (24 )     (8 )
                                       
 
                             
Total Investment Banking
    1,294       1,685       2,145       (23 )     (40 )
 
                             
                                       
Trading and Principal Investments
                                       
FICC
    1,595       2,379       4,889       (33 )     (67 )
 
                                       
Equities trading
    354       1,253       1,799       (72 )     (80 )
Equities commissions
    1,208       1,234       1,330       (2 )     (9 )
 
                             
Total Equities
    1,562       2,487       3,129       (37 )     (50 )
 
                                       
ICBC
    106       214       230       (50 )     (54 )
Other corporate and real estate gains and losses
    (581 )     476       (113 )     N.M.       N.M.  
Overrides
    22       35       94       (37 )     (77 )
 
                             
Total Principal Investments
    (453 )     725       211       N.M.       N.M.  
 
                                       
 
                             
Total Trading and Principal Investments
    2,704       5,591       8,229       (52 )     (67 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Asset Management and Securities Services
                                       
Management and other fees
    1,115       1,153       1,152       (3 )     (3 )
Incentive fees
    14       8       46       75       (70 )
 
                             
Total Asset Management
    1,129       1,161       1,198       (3 )     (6 )
 
                                       
Securities Services
    916       985       762       (7 )     20  
 
                                       
 
                             
Total Asset Management and Securities Services
    2,045       2,146       1,960       (5 )     4  
 
                             
 
                                       
 
                             
Total net revenues
  $ 6,043     $ 9,422     $ 12,334       (36 )     (51 )
 
                             
                                         
    Nine Months Ended     % Change From                  
    Aug. 29,     Aug. 31,     Aug. 31,                  
    2008     2007     2007                  
Investment Banking
                                       
Financial Advisory
  $ 2,082     $ 2,982       (30 )%                
 
                                       
Equity underwriting
    1,080       979       10                  
Debt underwriting
    989       1,621       (39 )                
 
                                 
Total Underwriting
    2,069       2,600       (20 )                
 
                                       
 
                                 
Total Investment Banking
    4,151       5,582       (26 )                
 
                                 
 
                                       
Trading and Principal Investments
                                       
FICC
    7,116       12,861       (45 )                
 
                                       
Equities trading
    2,883       5,377       (46 )                
Equities commissions
    3,680       3,336       10                  
 
                                 
Total Equities
    6,563       8,713       (25 )                
 
                                       
ICBC
    185       332       (44 )                
Other corporate and real estate gains and losses
    (515 )     2,016       N.M.                  
Overrides
    70       373       (81 )                
 
                                 
Total Principal Investments
    (260 )     2,721       N.M.                  
 
                                       
 
                                 
Total Trading and Principal Investments
    13,419       24,295       (45 )                
 
                                 
 
                                       
Asset Management and Securities Services
                                       
Management and other fees
    3,391       3,169       7                  
Incentive fees
    216       156       38                  
 
                                 
Total Asset Management
    3,607       3,325       8                  
 
                                       
Securities Services
    2,623       2,044       28                  
 
                                       
 
                                 
Total Asset Management and Securities Services
    6,230       5,369       16                  
 
                                 
 
                                       
 
                                 
Total net revenues
  $ 23,800     $ 35,246       (32 )                
 
                                 

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(UNAUDITED)

In millions, except per share amounts and employees
                                         
    Three Months Ended     % Change From  
    Aug. 29,     May 30,     Aug. 31,     May 30,     Aug. 31,  
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
Revenues
                                       
Investment banking
  $ 1,294     $ 1,685     $ 2,145       (23 )%     (40 )%
Trading and principal investments
    2,440       5,239       7,576       (53 )     (68 )
Asset management and securities services
    1,174       1,221       1,272       (4 )     (8 )
Interest income
    8,717       9,498       12,810       (8 )     (32 )
 
                             
Total revenues
    13,625       17,643       23,803       (23 )     (43 )
 
                                       
Interest expense
    7,582       8,221       11,469       (8 )     (34 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Revenues, net of interest expense
    6,043       9,422       12,334       (36 )     (51 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Operating expenses
                                       
Compensation and benefits
    2,901       4,522       5,920       (36 )     (51 )
 
                                       
Brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees
    734       741       795       (1 )     (8 )
Market development
    119       126       148       (6 )     (20 )
Communications and technology
    192       192       169             14  
Depreciation and amortization
    251       183       145       37       73  
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets
    49       37       53       32       (8 )
Occupancy
    237       234       218       1       9  
Professional fees
    168       185       188       (9 )     (11 )
Other expenses
    432       370       439       17       (2 )
 
                             
Total non-compensation expenses
    2,182       2,068       2,155       6       1  
 
                                       
 
                             
Total operating expenses
    5,083       6,590       8,075       (23 )     (37 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Pre-tax earnings
    960       2,832       4,259       (66 )     (77 )
Provision for taxes
    115       745       1,405       (85 )     (92 )
 
                             
Net earnings
    845       2,087       2,854       (60 )     (70 )
 
                                       
Preferred stock dividends
    35       36       48       (3 )     (27 )
 
                             
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders
  $ 810     $ 2,051     $ 2,806       (61 )     (71 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Earnings per common share
                                       
Basic
  $ 1.89     $ 4.80     $ 6.54       (61 )%     (71 )%
Diluted
    1.81       4.58       6.13       (60 )     (70 )
 
                                       
Average common shares outstanding
                                       
Basic
    427.6       427.5       429.0              
Diluted
    448.3       447.4       457.4             (2 )
 
                                       
Selected Data
                                       
Employees at period end (8)
    32,569       31,495       29,905       3       9  
Ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues
    48.0 %     48.0 %     48.0 %                

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(UNAUDITED)

In millions, except per share amounts
                         
    Nine Months Ended     % Change From  
             Aug. 29,                       Aug. 31,              Aug. 31,  
    2008     2007     2007  
Revenues
                       
Investment banking
  $ 4,145     $ 5,581       (26 )%
Trading and principal investments
    12,556       22,891       (45 )
Asset management and securities services
    3,736       3,512       6  
Interest income
    29,460       34,450       (14 )
 
                 
Total revenues
    49,897       66,434       (25 )
                                       
Interest expense
    26,097       31,188       (16 )
 
                 
                                       
Revenues, net of interest expense
    23,800       35,246       (32 )
 
                 
                                       
Operating expenses
                       
Compensation and benefits
    11,424       16,918       (32 )
                                       
Brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees
    2,265       1,984       14  
Market development
    389       424       (8 )
Communications and technology
    571       481       19  
Depreciation and amortization
    604       417       45  
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets
    170       154       10  
Occupancy
    707       632       12  
Professional fees
    531       510       4  
Other expenses
    1,204       1,177       2  
 
                 
Total non-compensation expenses
    6,441       5,779       11  
                                       
 
                 
Total operating expenses
    17,865       22,697       (21 )
 
                 
                                       
Pre-tax earnings
    5,935       12,549       (53 )
Provision for taxes
    1,492       4,165       (64 )
 
                 
Net earnings
    4,443       8,384       (47 )
                                       
Preferred stock dividends
    115       143       (20 )
 
                 
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders
  $ 4,328     $ 8,241       (47 )
 
                 
                                       
Earnings per common share
                       
Basic
  $ 10.08     $ 18.89       (47 )%
Diluted
    9.62       17.75       (46 )
                                       
Average common shares outstanding
                       
Basic
    429.3       436.2       (2 )
Diluted
    449.7       464.3       (3 )
                                       
Selected Data
                       
Ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues
    48.0 %     48.0 %        

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NON-COMPENSATION EXPENSES
(UNAUDITED)

$ in millions
                                         
    Three Months Ended     % Change From  
             Aug. 29,                       May 30,              Aug. 31,              May 30,                       Aug. 31,           
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
Non-compensation expenses of consolidated investments (3)
  $ 194     $ 123     $ 101       58 %     92 %
 
                                       
Non-compensation expenses excluding consolidated investments
                                       
Brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees
    734       741       795       (1 )     (8 )
Market development
    117       124       146       (6 )     (20 )
Communications and technology
    191       191       168             14  
Depreciation and amortization
    155       148       128       5       21  
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets
    47       36       52       31       (10 )
Occupancy
    209       211       200       (1 )     5  
Professional fees
    167       181       188       (8 )     (11 )
Other expenses
    368       313       377       18       (2 )
 
                             
Subtotal
    1,988       1,945       2,054       2       (3 )
 
                                       
 
                             
Total non-compensation expenses, as reported
  $ 2,182     $ 2,068     $ 2,155       6       1  
 
                             
 
    Nine Months Ended     % Change From                  
    Aug. 29,     Aug. 31,     Aug. 31,                  
    2008     2007     2007                  
Non-compensation expenses of consolidated investments (3)
  $ 442     $ 289       53 %                
 
                                       
Non-compensation expenses excluding consolidated investments
                                       
Brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees
    2,265       1,984       14                  
Market development
    382       418       (9 )                
Communications and technology
    568       479       19                  
Depreciation and amortization
    449       367       22                  
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets
    166       150       11                  
Occupancy
    637       581       10                  
Professional fees
    524       508       3                  
Other expenses
    1,008       1,003                        
 
                                 
Subtotal
    5,999       5,490       9                  
 
                                       
 
                                 
Total non-compensation expenses, as reported
  $ 6,441     $ 5,779       11                  
 
                                 

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(UNAUDITED)

Average Daily VaR (9)

$ in millions
                                         
    Three Months Ended                  
    Aug. 29,     May 30,     Aug. 31,                  
    2008     2008     2007                  
Risk Categories
                                       
Interest rates
  $ 141     $ 144     $ 96                  
Equity prices
    67       79       97                  
Currency rates
    25       32       23                  
Commodity prices
    51       48       24                  
Diversification effect (10)
    (103 )     (119 )     (101 )                
 
                                 
Total
  $ 181     $ 184     $ 139                  
 
                                 
Assets Under Management (11)
$ in billions
                                         
    As of     % Change From  
    Aug. 31,     May 31,     Aug. 31,     May 31,     Aug. 31,  
    2008     2008     2007     2008     2007  
Asset Class
                                       
Alternative investments
  $ 154     $ 146     $ 151       5 %     2 %
Equity
    179       211       251       (15 )     (29 )
Fixed income
    268       269       230             17  
 
                             
Total non-money market assets
    601       626       632       (4 )     (5 )
 
                                       
Money markets
    262       269       164       (3 )     60  
 
                             
Total assets under management
  $ 863     $ 895     $ 796       (4 )     8  
 
                             
                                         
    Three Months Ended  
    Aug. 31,     May 31,     Aug. 31,                  
    2008     2008     2007                  
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 895     $ 873     $ 758                  
 
                                       
Net inflows / (outflows)
                                       
Alternative investments
    9       (3 )     7                  
Equity
    (12 )     (18 )     7                  
Fixed income
    3       10       5                  
 
                                 
Total non-money market net inflows / (outflows)
        (11 )     19                  
 
                                       
Money markets
    (7 )     17       31                  
 
                                 
Total net inflows / (outflows)
    (7 )     6       50                  
 
                                       
Net market appreciation / (depreciation)
    (25 )     16       (12 )                
 
                                 
Balance, end of period
  $ 863     $ 895     $ 796                  
 
                                 
Principal Investments (12)
$ in millions
                                         
    As of August 29, 2008                  
    Corporate     Real Estate     Total                  
Private
  $ 10,971     $ 3,843     $ 14,814                  
Public
    2,249       49       2,298                  
 
                                 
Subtotal
    13,220       3,892       17,112                  
ICBC ordinary shares (13)
    7,137             7,137                  
 
                                 
Total
  $ 20,357  (14)   $ 3,892     $ 24,249                  
 
                                 

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Footnotes

(1)   Tangible common shareholders’ equity equals total shareholders’ equity less preferred stock, goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, excluding power contracts. Identifiable intangible assets associated with power contracts are not deducted from total shareholders’ equity because, unlike other intangible assets, less than 50% of these assets are supported by common shareholders’ equity. Management believes that return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (ROTE) is meaningful because it measures the performance of businesses consistently, whether they were acquired or developed internally. ROTE is computed by dividing net earnings (or annualized net earnings for annualized ROTE) applicable to common shareholders by average monthly tangible common shareholders’ equity. Tangible book value per common share is computed by dividing tangible common shareholders’ equity by the number of common shares outstanding, including restricted stock units granted to employees with no future service requirements. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of total shareholders’ equity to tangible common shareholders’ equity:

                         
    Average for the     As of  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended        
    August 29, 2008     August 29, 2008     August 29, 2008  
    (unaudited, $ in millions)  
Total shareholders’ equity
  $ 45,170     $ 43,739     $ 45,599  
Preferred stock
    (3,100 )     (3,100 )     (3,100 )
 
                 
Common shareholders’ equity
    42,070       40,639       42,499  
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, excluding power contracts
    (5,244 )     (5,219 )     (5,215 )
 
                 
Tangible common shareholders’ equity
  $ 36,826     $ 35,420     $ 37,284  
 
                 

(2)   The firm’s investment banking transaction backlog represents an estimate of the firm’s future net revenues from investment banking transactions where management believes that future revenue realization is more likely than not.
 
(3)   Consolidated entities held for investment purposes are entities that are held strictly for capital appreciation, have a defined exit strategy and are engaged in activities that are not closely related to the firm’s principal businesses. For example, these investments include consolidated entities that hold real estate assets, such as hotels, but exclude investments in entities that primarily hold financial assets. Management believes that it is meaningful to review non-compensation expenses excluding expenses related to these consolidated entities in order to evaluate trends in non-compensation expenses related to the firm’s principal business activities.
 
(4)   The firm is regulated by the SEC as a Consolidated Supervised Entity and, as such, is subject to group-wide supervision and examination by the SEC and to minimum capital adequacy standards on a consolidated basis. The Tier 1 Ratio equals tier 1 capital divided by total risk-weighted assets. For a further discussion of the firm’s Tier 1 Ratio, see “Equity Capital” in Part I, Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal period ended May 30, 2008. This ratio represents a preliminary estimate as of the date of this Report on Form 8-K and may be revised in the firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the firm’s third fiscal quarter.
 
(5)   This amount represents a preliminary estimate as of the date of this Report on Form 8-K and may be revised in the firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the firm’s third fiscal quarter.
 
(6)   SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). Level 3 assets reflect prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. Level 3 assets excluding those for which the firm bears no economic exposure excludes assets which are financed by nonrecourse debt, attributable to minority investors or attributable to employee interests in certain consolidated funds. For a further discussion of the firm’s level 3 assets, see “Critical Accounting Policies — Fair Value — Fair Value Hierarchy — Level 3 ” in Part I, Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal period ended May 30, 2008. These amounts represent preliminary estimates as of the date of this Report on Form 8-K and may be revised in the firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the firm’s third fiscal quarter.
 
(7)   Global core excess represents a pool of excess liquidity consisting of unencumbered, highly liquid securities that may be sold or pledged to provide same-day liquidity, as well as overnight cash deposits. This liquidity is intended to allow the firm to meet immediate obligations without the need to sell other assets or depend on additional funding from credit-sensitive markets in a difficult funding environment. This amount represents the average loan value (the estimated amount of cash that would be advanced by counterparties against these securities), as well as overnight cash deposits in the global core excess. For a further discussion of the firm’s global core excess liquidity pool, please see “Liquidity and Funding Risk” in Part I, Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal period ended May 30, 2008. This amount represents a preliminary estimate as of the date of this Report on Form 8-K and may be revised in the firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the firm’s third fiscal quarter.
 
(8)   Excludes 4,909, 4,948 and 4,904 employees as of August 29, 2008, May 30, 2008 and August 31, 2007, respectively, of consolidated entities held for investment purposes. Compensation and benefits includes $63 million, $66 million and $40 million for the three months ended August 29, 2008, May 30, 2008 and August 31, 2007, respectively, attributable to these consolidated entities.

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Footnotes (continued)

(9)   VaR is the potential loss in value of Goldman Sachs’ trading positions due to adverse market movements over a one-day time horizon with a 95% confidence level. The modeling of the risk characteristics of the firm’s trading positions involves a number of assumptions and approximations. While management believes that these assumptions and approximations are reasonable, there is no standard methodology for estimating VaR, and different assumptions and/or approximations could produce materially different VaR estimates. For a further discussion of the calculation of VaR, see Part II, Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in the firm’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007.
 
(10)   Equals the difference between total VaR and the sum of the VaRs for the four risk categories. This effect arises because the four market risk categories are not perfectly correlated.
 
(11)   Substantially all assets under management are valued as of calendar month end. Assets under management do not include the firm’s investments in funds that it manages.
 
(12)   Represents investments included within the Principal Investments component of the firm’s Trading and Principal Investments segment.
 
(13)   Includes interests of $4.51 billion as of August 29, 2008 held by investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs. The fair value of the investment in the ordinary shares of ICBC, which trade on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, includes the effect of foreign exchange revaluation for which Goldman Sachs maintains an economic currency hedge.
 
(14)   Excludes the firm’s investment in the convertible preferred stock of Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. The firm has hedged all of the common stock underlying the investment.

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Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.
     (d) Exhibits.
     The following exhibit is being furnished as part of this Report on Form 8-K:
     
99.1
  Press release of Group Inc. dated September 16, 2008 containing financial information for its fiscal third quarter ended August 29, 2008.

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SIGNATURE
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
         
  THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.
               (Registrant)
 
 
Date: September 16, 2008  By:   /s/ David A. Viniar    
    Name:   David A. Viniar  
    Title:   Chief Financial Officer   
 

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