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Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Description Of The Business And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies  
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Avon and our majority and wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated.
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. In preparing these statements, we are required to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions. On an ongoing basis, we review our estimates, including those related to stand-alone selling prices ("SSP") of promised goods or services delivered under sales incentives, allowances for sales returns, allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, provisions for inventory obsolescence, the determination of discount rates and other actuarial assumptions for pension and postretirement benefit expenses, restructuring expense, income taxes and deferred income tax valuation allowances, share-based compensation, loss contingencies and the evaluation of goodwill, property, plant and equipment and capitalized software for potential impairment.
Foreign Currency
Foreign Currency
Financial statements of foreign subsidiaries operating in other than highly inflationary economies are translated at year-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during the year for income and expense accounts. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"). Gains or losses resulting from the impact of changes in foreign currency rates on assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recorded in other expense, net.
For financial statements of Avon subsidiaries operating in highly inflationary economies, the U.S. dollar is required to be used as the functional currency. Highly inflationary accounting requires monetary assets and liabilities, such as cash, receivables and payables, to be remeasured into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate at the end of each period with the impact of any changes in exchange rates being recorded in income. We record the impact of changes in exchange rates on monetary assets and liabilities in other expense, net. Similarly, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rates; however, the impact of changes in exchange rates is recorded in income taxes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Non-monetary assets and liabilities, such as inventory, property, plant and equipment and prepaid expenses are carried forward at their historical dollar cost, which was calculated using the exchange rate at the date which hyperinflationary accounting is implemented.
Argentina Currency
During the quarter ended June 30, 2018, based on published official exchange rates which indicate that Argentina's three-year cumulative inflation rate has exceeded 100%, we concluded that Argentina had become a highly inflationary economy. From July 1, 2018, we have applied highly inflationary accounting for our Argentinian subsidiary. As such, the functional currency for Argentina has changed to the U.S. dollar, which is the consolidated group's reporting currency.
As a result of highly inflationary accounting for our Argentinian subsidiary, the most significant impacts in our Consolidated Income Statements are in cost of sales, primarily due to inventory being accounted for at its historical dollar cost, and in other (expense) income, net, primarily associated with the net monetary position of Argentina. However, these impacts are not considered material to our Consolidated Income Statements.
Turkish Currency
During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, published official exchange rates for Turkey indicated that the three-year cumulative inflation rate has exceeded 100%. As a result, we concluded that Turkey has become a highly inflationary economy. From April 1, 2022, we have applied inflationary accounting for our Turkish subsidiary. As such, the functional currency for Turkey has changed to the U.S. dollar, which is the consolidated group's reporting currency.
As a result of highly inflationary accounting for our Turkish subsidiary, the most significant impacts in our Consolidated Statement of Operations, are in cost of sales, primarily due to inventory being accounted for at its historical dollar cost, and in other (expense) income, net, primarily associated with the net monetary position of Turkey. However, these impacts are not considered material to our Consolidated Income Statements.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
Nature of goods and services
We are a global manufacturer and marketer of beauty and related products. Our product categories are Beauty and Fashion & Home. Beauty consists of skincare, fragrance and color (cosmetics). Fashion & Home consists of fashion jewelry, watches, apparel, footwear, accessories, gift and decorative products, housewares, entertainment and leisure products, children’s products and nutritional products.
Our business is conducted primarily in one channel, direct selling. Our reportable segments are based on geographic operations in two regions: Avon International and Avon Latin America. We primarily sell our products to the ultimate consumer through the direct selling channel principally through Representatives, who are independent contractors and not our employees.
Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of a product or service is transferred to a customer, which is generally the Representative. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as Value Added Taxes ("VAT") collected for taxing authorities.
Principal revenue streams and significant judgments
Our principal revenue streams can be distinguished into: i) the sale of Beauty and Fashion & Home products to Representatives (recorded in net sales); ii) Representative fees, primarily for the sale of brochures to Representatives and fulfillment activities related to the contract, which include fees for shipping and handling (recorded in other revenue); and iii) other, which includes the sale of products to New Avon LLC ("New Avon"), which has ceased since the sale of Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l on July 1, 2021, and royalties from the licensing of our name and products (recorded in other revenue).
i) Sale of Beauty and Fashion & Home products to Representatives
We generate the majority of our revenue through the sale of Beauty and Fashion & Home products. A Representative contacts her customers directly, selling primarily through our brochure (whether paper or online), which highlights new products and special promotions (or incentives) for each sales campaign. In this sense, the Representative, together with the brochure, are the "store" through which our products are sold. A brochure introducing a new sales campaign is typically generated every three to four weeks. A purchase order is processed, and the products are picked at a distribution center and delivered to the Representative usually through a combination of local and national delivery companies. Generally, the Representative then delivers the merchandise and collects payment from the customer for her or his own account. A Representative generally receives a refund of the price the Representative paid for a product if the Representative chooses to return it.
A Representative Agreement, which outlines the basic terms of the agreement between Avon and the Representative, combined with a purchase order, constitutes a contract for the purposes of Accounting Standards Codification Topic ("ASC"), Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606").
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
We account for individual products and services separately in the contract if they are distinct (i.e., if a product or service is separately identifiable from the other items in the contract and if a Representative can benefit from the product or service on its own or with other resources that are readily available), which is recognized at a point in time, when control of a product is transferred to a Representative. In addition, we offer incentives to Representatives to support sales growth. Certain of these sales incentives are distinct promises to a Representative, and therefore are a separate performance obligation. As a result, revenue is allocated to the performance obligation for sales incentives and is deferred on the balance sheet until the associated performance obligations are satisfied.
Typically included within a contract is variable consideration, such as sales returns and late payment fees. Revenue is only recorded to the extent it is probable that it will not be reversed, and therefore revenue is adjusted for variable consideration. Variable consideration is generally estimated using the expected value method, which considers possible outcomes weighted by their probability. Specifically for sales returns, a refund liability will be recorded for the estimated cash to be refunded for the products expected to be returned, and a returns asset will be recorded for the products which we expect to be returned and re-sold, each of these based on historical experience. The estimate of sales returns as well as the measurement of the returns asset and the refund liability is updated at the end of each month for changes in expectations regarding the amount of salvageable returns, reconditioning costs and any additional decreases in the value of the returned products. Late payment fees are recorded when the uncertainty associated with collecting such fees are resolved (i.e., when collected).
The Representative generally receives a credit period of one sales campaign if they meet certain criteria; however, the specific credit terms are outlined in the Representative Agreement. Generally, the Representative remits payment during each sales campaign, which relates to the prior campaign cycle. The Representative is generally precluded from submitting an order for the current sales campaign until the accounts receivable balance past due for prior campaigns is paid; however, there are circumstances where the Representative fails to make the required payment.
Our contracts with Representatives often include multiple promises to transfer products and/or services to the Representative, and determining which of these products and/or services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately. In addition, in assessing the recognition of revenue for the following performance obligations, management has exercised significant judgment in the following areas: estimation of variable consideration and the stand-alone selling prices ("SSP") of promised goods or services in order to determine and allocate the transaction price.
Performance obligation - Avon products and appointment kits
The Representative purchases Avon products and appointment kits through a purchase order. Avon offers appointment kits for purchase to Representatives, which may contain various Avon products. We recognize revenue for Avon products and appointment kits in net sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations when the Representative obtains control of the products, which occurs upon delivery of the product to the Representative. Transaction price is the amount we expect to receive in exchange for those products adjusted for variable consideration as discussed above and the estimated SSP of other performance obligations as discussed below. The cost of these products and appointment kits is recognized in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Performance obligation - Sales incentives
Types of sales incentives include status programs, loyalty points, prospective discounts, and gift with purchase, among others. A Representative is eligible for certain status programs if specified sales levels are met. Status programs offer additional benefits such as free or discounted products and services. Loyalty points offer the option to redeem for additional Avon or other products or services. Prospective discounts are offered in some countries when certain sales levels are reached in a given time period. The revenue attributable to the prospective discount performance obligation is for the option to purchase additional product at a discounted amount.
Certain benefits within status programs, loyalty points, prospective discounts and certain other sales incentives constitute a material right and, therefore, a distinct performance obligation in the contract with the Representative. Transaction price is allocated to the material right (performance obligation) based on estimated SSP and is deferred on the balance sheet until the associated performance obligations are satisfied. The cost of incentives is presented in inventories in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recognize revenue allocated to the material right in net sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations at the point in time that the Representative receives the benefits of the material right or obtains control of the products, which occurs upon delivery to the Representative or upon expiration of the material right. For sales incentives that are delivered with the associated products order (such as gift with purchase), no deferral is required.
SSP represents the estimated market value, or the estimated amount that could be charged for that material right when the entity sells it separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when we do not sell the product or service separately, including for certain sales incentives, we determine the SSP using information that may include market prices and other observable inputs.
ii) Representative fees, primarily for the sale of brochures to Representatives and fulfillment activities related to the contract ("Representative fees")
The purchase order in the contract with the Representative explicitly identifies activities that we will perform. This includes fees that we charge Representatives, primarily for the sale of brochures to Representatives and fulfillment activities, and also includes late payment fees (discussed above). Brochures represent promotional materials that are given directly by the Representatives to their customers as a marketing activity. Under ASC 606, brochures that are sold by Avon to Representatives through purchase orders represent separate performance obligations in the contract as these are promises made between Avon and the Representative. Although the brochures are used similar to marketing materials, the Representative generally orders and pays for the brochures, and we allocate consideration for purposes of revenue recognition. The revenue associated with brochures that are sold to Representatives is recognized in other revenue and the related cost is recognized in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recognize revenue when the Representative obtains control of the brochures, which occurs upon delivery to the Representative. When brochures are given away for free to Representatives as promotional items, the cost is recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We often charge the Representative for shipping and handling (including order processing) and payment processing activities on the invoice, and such activities are considered to be fulfillment costs. The consideration received represents part of the transaction price in the contract that is allocated to the performance obligations in the contract. We recognize revenue for
fulfillment activities in other revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Operations when such services are provided to the Representative. The cost of these activities is recognized in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Other Revenue Other revenue
We also recognize revenue from the sale of products to New Avon, as part of a manufacturing and supply agreement, since the separation of the Company's North America business into New Avon on March 1, 2016, which has ceased since the sale of Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l on July 1, 2021, and royalties from the licensing of our name and products, in other revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Contract costs
Incremental costs to obtain contracts, such as bonuses or commissions, are recognized as an asset if the entity expects to recover them. However, ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, offers a practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. We elected the practical expedient and expense costs to obtain contracts when incurred because our amortization period is one year or less.
Costs to fulfill contracts with Representatives are comprised of shipping and handling (including order processing) and payment processing services, which are expensed as incurred. The fees for these services are included in the transaction price.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are stated at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents are generally high-quality, short-term money market instruments with an original maturity of three months or less and consist of time deposits with a number of U.S. and non-U.S. commercial banks and money market fund investments.
Inventories
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. We classify inventory into various categories based upon its stage in the product life cycle, future marketing sales plans and the disposition process. We assign a degree of obsolescence risk to products based on this classification to estimate the level of obsolescence provision.
Brochure Costs
Brochure Costs
Brochures represent promotional materials that are given directly by the Representatives to their customers as a marketing activity. Brochures that are sold by Avon to Representatives through purchase orders represent separate performance obligations in the contract as these are promises made between Avon and the Representative. Although the brochures are used similar to marketing materials, the Representative generally orders and pays for the brochures, and Avon allocates consideration for purposes of revenue recognition. The revenue associated with brochures that are sold to Representatives is recognized in other revenue and the related cost is recognized in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recognize revenue when the Representative obtains control of the brochures, which occurs upon delivery to the Representative. When brochures are given away for free to Representatives as promotional items, the cost is recognized in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Property, Plant and Equipment and Capitalized Software
Property, Plant and Equipment and Capitalized Software
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives generally are as follows: buildings, 45 years; land improvements, 20 years; machinery and equipment, 15 years; and office equipment, 5 to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Upon disposal of property, plant and equipment, the cost of the assets and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in earnings. Costs associated with repair and maintenance activities are expensed as incurred.
Certain systems development costs related to the purchase, development and installation of computer software, and implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract, are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the related project. Costs incurred prior to the development stage, as well as maintenance, training costs, and general and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred. The other assets balance included unamortized capitalized software costs of $73.5 at December 31, 2022 and $74.9 at December 31, 2021. The amortization expense associated with capitalized software was $19.8, $22.4 and $24.5 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We evaluate our property, plant and equipment and capitalized software for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated pre-tax undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. The fair value of the asset is determined using revenue and cash flow projections, and royalty and discount rates, as appropriate.
Leases
Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at the lease commencement date. In addition to our lease agreements, we review all material new vendor arrangements for potential embedded lease obligations. The asset balance related to operating and finance leases is presented within right-of-use (ROU) asset and property, plant and equipment, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The short-term liability balance related to operating and finance leases is presented within other accrued liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The long-term liability balance is presented within long-term operating lease liability and long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for operating and finance leases, respectively.
The lease liability is recognized based on the present value of the remaining fixed or in-substance fixed lease payments discounted using our incremental borrowing rates. We use a specific incremental borrowing rate for our material leases, which is determined based on the geography, nature of the asset and term of the lease. These rates are determined based on inputs provided by external banks and updated periodically. The lease liability includes the exercise of a purchase option only if we are reasonably certain to exercise as of the commencement date of the lease. The residual value guarantee amount is only included in the lease liability calculation to the extent payment is probable to the lessor as of the commencement of the lease. The ROU asset is calculated based on the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments paid to the lessor at or before the commencement date (i.e. prepaid rent) and initial direct costs incurred by Avon and excluding any lease incentives received from the Lessor.
Variable lease payments are payments to the lessor not included in the lease liability calculation. We define variable lease payments as payments made by Avon to the lessor for the right to use a leased asset that vary because of changes in facts or circumstances (such as changes in an index rate, volume, usage, etc.) occurring after the lease commencement date, other than predetermined contractual changes due to the passage of time (for example, predetermined rent increase amounts that are set out in the contract). Variable lease payments or charges are accounted for as incurred.
The lease term for purposes of lease accounting may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option as of the commencement date of the lease. For operating leases, the lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, the Company amortizes the ROU asset on a straight-line basis and records interest expense on the lease liability created at lease commencement over the lease term.
We account for our lease and non-lease components as a single component for most of our asset classes, and therefore both are included in the calculation of lease liability recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, for certain lease asset classes related to identified embedded leases we account for the lease and non-lease components separately, and therefore, the non-lease component is not included in the lease liability.
Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases over their lease term.
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale
A long-lived asset (or disposal group) is classified as held for sale if its carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable within a year. A long-lived asset (or disposal group) classified as held for sale is initially measured at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. An impairment loss is recognized for any initial or subsequent write-down of the long-lived asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain or loss not previously recognized by the date of the sale of the long-lived asset (or disposal group) is recognized at the date of derecognition.
Long-lived assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) are not depreciated or amortized while they are classified as held for sale. Long-lived assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are
presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.
Goodwill
Goodwill
Goodwill is not amortized and is assessed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter or on the occurrence of an event that indicates impairment may have occurred, at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is the operating segment, or a component, which is one level below that operating segment. Components are aggregated as a single reporting unit if they have similar economic characteristics. When testing goodwill for impairment, we perform either a qualitative or quantitative assessment for each of our reporting units. Factors considered in the qualitative analysis include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors and overall financial performance specific to the reporting unit. If the qualitative analysis results in a more likely than not probability of impairment, the quantitative test, as described below, is required.
We perform the quantitative test to evaluate goodwill for impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, that difference represents an impairment; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
The impairment analysis performed for goodwill requires several estimates in computing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit. We typically use a discounted cash flow ("DCF") approach to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit, which we believe is the most reliable indicator of fair value of this business, and is most consistent with the approach that we would generally expect a marketplace participant would use. In estimating the fair value of our reporting units utilizing a DCF approach, we typically forecast revenue and the resulting cash flows for periods of five to ten years and include an estimated terminal value at the end of the forecasted period. When determining the appropriate forecast period for the DCF approach, we consider the amount of time required before the reporting unit achieves what we consider a normalized, sustainable level of cash flows. The estimation of fair value utilizing a DCF approach includes numerous uncertainties which require significant judgment when making assumptions of expected growth rates and the selection of discount rates, as well as assumptions regarding general economic and business conditions, and the structure that would yield the highest economic value, among other factors.
Financial Instruments
Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments, including forward foreign currency contracts, to manage foreign currency exposures.
If applicable, derivatives are recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair values. When we become a party to a derivative instrument and intend to apply hedge accounting, we designate the instrument, for financial reporting purposes, as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a net investment hedge. The accounting for changes in fair value (gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether we had designated it and it qualified as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. We apply the following:
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as a fair value hedge, along with the loss or gain on the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk are recorded in earnings.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as a cash flow hedge are recorded in AOCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the transaction hedged by that derivative also affects earnings.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation are recorded in foreign currency translation adjustments within AOCI.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is not designated as a hedging instrument are recognized in earnings in other expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in our Consolidated Statements of Operations in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported.
We classify derivative cash flows as operating, investing or financing consistent with the nature of the underlying hedged item.
For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, if we conclude that the hedging relationship is perfectly effective at inception, a detailed effectiveness assessment in each period is not required as long as (i) the critical terms of the hedging instrument completely match the related terms of the hedged item (ii) it is considered probable that the counterparties to the hedging instrument and the hedged item will not default, and (iii) the hedged cash flows remain probable.
If the conditions above are not met, we will assess prospective and retrospective effectiveness using the cumulative dollar-offset method, which compares the change in fair value or present value of cash flows of the hedging instrument to the changes in the fair value or present value of the cash flows of the hedged item. If the result of the quantification demonstrates that the hedge is still highly effective (meaning that cumulative changes in the fair value of the derivative are between 80% and 125% of the
cumulative changes in the fair value of the hedged item), we will revert to qualitative assessments of hedge effectiveness in subsequent periods if an expectation of high effectiveness on a qualitative basis for subsequent periods can be reasonably supported. If effectiveness is not within the 80% to 125% range, hedge accounting will be discontinued, and changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument will be recorded in earnings from the date the hedge is no longer considered highly effective.
Deferred Income Taxes
Deferred Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes have been provided on items recognized for financial reporting purposes in different periods than for income tax purposes using tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that is "more likely than not" to be realized.
The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends upon generating sufficient taxable income of the right character during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible, or before net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards expire. Evaluating the need for and quantifying the valuation allowance often requires significant judgment and extensive analysis of all the weighted positive and negative evidence available to the Company in order to determine whether all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management continuously monitors the performance of entities and assesses the need for any further valuation allowances based on market performance and executability of tax planning actions and opportunities (including corporate restructuring). See Note 9, Income Taxes for more information.
In accordance with guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), we are choosing to treat the U.S. income tax consequences of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI") as a period cost. As a result, at December 31, 2022, no deferred income taxes have been provided.
Uncertain Tax Positions
Uncertain Tax Positions
We recognize the benefit of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. We record interest expense and penalties payable to relevant tax authorities in income taxes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
SG&A Expenses
SG&A Expenses
SG&A expenses include costs associated with selling; marketing; distribution, including shipping and handling costs; advertising; net brochure costs; research and development; information technology; and other administrative costs, including finance, legal and human resource functions.
Shipping and Handling Shipping and HandlingShipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred
Advertising AdvertisingAdvertising costs, excluding brochure preparation costs, are expensed as incurred
Research and Development
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $40.8 in 2022, $39.3 in 2021 and $36.5 in 2020. Research and development costs include all costs related to the design and development of new products such as salaries and benefits, supplies and materials and facilities costs.
Share-based Compensation
Share-based Compensation
Where applicable, share-based payments to employees are recognized in the financial statements based on their fair value at the date of grant. If applicable, we use a Monte-Carlo simulation to calculate the fair value of performance restricted stock units with market conditions and the fair value of premium-priced stock options. We account for forfeitures on share-based payments as they occur.
When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment. Where an award is cancelled, any unamortized compensation cost is expensed immediately.
Subsequent to the Transaction with Natura &Co, our employees are considered employees of the parent company for purposes of applying ASC 718 Compensation—Stock Compensation. Share-based payments made by Natura &Co to our employees are recognized in the financial statements based on their fair value at the date of grant.
Restructuring Expense Restructuring ExpenseWe record the estimated expense for our restructuring initiatives, such as our Transformation Plan, Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration, when such costs are deemed probable and estimable, when approved by the appropriate corporate authority and by accumulating detailed estimates of costs for such plans. These expenses include the estimated costs of employee severance and related benefits, inventory write-offs, impairment or accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment and capitalized software, and any other qualifying exit costs. Such costs represent our best estimate, but require assumptions about the programs that may change over time, including attrition rates. Estimates are evaluated periodically to determine whether an adjustment is required.
Pension and Postretirement Expense Pension and Postretirement ExpensePension and postretirement expense is determined based on a number of actuarial assumptions, which are generally reviewed and determined on an annual basis. These assumptions include the discount rate applied to plan obligations, the expected rate of return on plan assets, the rate of compensation increase of plan participants, price inflation, cost-of-living adjustments, mortality rates and certain other demographic assumptions, and other factors. Actual results that differ from assumptions are accumulated and amortized to expense over future periods and, therefore, generally affect recognized expense in future periods. We recognize the funded status of pension and other postretirement benefit plans in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability. The recognition of prior service costs or credits and net actuarial gains or losses, as well as subsequent changes in the funded status, are recognized as components of AOCI, net of tax, in shareholders’ equity, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. We recognize prior service costs or credits and actuarial gains and losses beyond a 10% corridor to earnings based on the estimated future service period of the participants. The determination of the 10% corridor utilizes a calculated value of plan assets for our more significant plans, whereby gains and losses are smoothed over three- and five-year periods. We use a December 31 measurement date for all of our employee benefit plans. Service cost is presented in SG&A in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The components of net periodic benefit costs other than service cost are presented in other expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations
Contingencies
Contingencies
We determine whether to disclose and/or accrue for loss contingencies based on an assessment of the likelihood of a loss as being remote, reasonably possible or probable. We record loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss is reasonably estimable.
New Accounting Standards Implemented
New Accounting Standards Implemented
Except for the changes below, we have consistently applied the accounting policies to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. We adopted this new accounting guidance effective January 1, 2020, using a modified retrospective transition approach. The adoption did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures and did not significantly impact the Company’s accounting policies or estimation methods related to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The adoption resulted in a cumulative effect decrease to retained earnings of approximately $2 to reflect a change in the allowance for doubtful accounts.
ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General. ASU 2018-14 modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, therefore we adopted this standard effective December 31, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and other (Topic 350)
In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04 Intangibles - Goodwill and other, which simplifies the test for goodwill impairment. This Update eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying
amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, however the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The guidance requires prospective adoption. We adopted the guidance for the goodwill impairment test that we have conducted since 2020, and adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes, which is intended to simplify the accounting standard and improve the usefulness of information provided in the financial statements. We adopted this new accounting guidance as of January 1, 2021. The adoption did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01 which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The guidance was initially effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022, however, this was extended to December 31, 2024 following the issue of ASU 2022-06 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848" in December 2022.
The Company has implemented a transition plan to identify and modify its loans and other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR and, as a result, has elected to apply the optional expedient included in ASU 2020-04 to account for modifications of contracts within the scope of Topics 310, Receivables, and 470, Debt, to be accounted for by prospectively adjusting the effective interest rate.
ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805)
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. ASU 2021-08 is effective for our fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting Standards to be Implemented
ASU 2022-04, Disclosure supplier finance program (Topic 405-50)
In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations that will require a buyer in a supplier finance program to disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of the financial statements to understand the program's nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. Disclosures will include key terms of the program, including payment terms, along with the amount of related obligations, the financial statement caption that includes such obligations, and a rollforward of activity related to the obligations during the period.
ASU 2022-04 is effective for Company beginning with the quarter ending March 31, 2023, except for the roll forward requirement which is effective for the Company beginning with the quarter ending March 31, 2024. No impact will arise on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows as a result of the application of this accounting standard.