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Financial Instruments and Risk Management
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
General Discussion of Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments and Risk Management
Financial Instruments and Risk Management
We operate globally, with manufacturing and distribution facilities in various locations around the world. We may reduce our exposure to fluctuations in the fair value and cash flows associated with changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates by creating offsetting positions through the use of derivative financial instruments. Since we use foreign currency-rate sensitive and interest-rate sensitive instruments to hedge a certain portion of our existing and forecasted transactions, we expect that any gain or loss in value of the hedge instruments generally would be offset by decreases or increases in the value of the underlying forecasted transactions.
We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes, nor are we a party to leveraged derivatives. The master agreements governing our derivative contracts generally contain standard provisions that could trigger early termination of the contracts in certain circumstances, including if we were to merge with another entity and the creditworthiness of the surviving entity were to be "materially weaker" than that of Avon prior to the merger.
Derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair values. The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments outstanding at December 31, 2012:
 
 
Asset
 
Liability
 
Balance Sheet
Classification
 
Fair
Value
 
Balance Sheet
Classification
 
Fair
Value
Derivatives designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swap agreements
Other assets/ Prepaid expenses and other
 
$
93.1

 
Other liabilities
 
$

Total derivatives designated as hedges
 
 
$
93.1

 
 
 
$

Derivatives not designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swap agreements
Prepaid expenses and other
 
$
1.7

 
Accounts payable
 
$
1.7

Foreign exchange forward contracts
Prepaid expenses and other
 
4.9

 
Accounts payable
 
1.5

Total derivatives not designated as hedges
 
 
$
6.6

 
 
 
$
3.2

Total derivatives
 
 
$
99.7

 
 
 
$
3.2


The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments outstanding at December 31, 2011:
 
 
Asset
 
Liability
 
Balance  Sheet
Classification
 
Fair
Value
 
Balance Sheet
Classification
 
Fair
Value
Derivatives designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swap agreements
Other assets
 
$
147.6

 
Other liabilities
 
$

Foreign exchange forward contracts
Prepaid expenses and other
 
1.2

 
Accounts payable
 

Total derivatives designated as hedges
 
 
$
148.8

 
 
 
$

Derivatives not designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swap agreements
Other assets
 
$
6.0

 
Other liabilities
 
$
6.0

Foreign exchange forward contracts
Prepaid expenses and other
 
4.4

 
Accounts payable
 
10.5

Total derivatives not designated as hedges
 
 
$
10.4

 
 
 
$
16.5

Total derivatives
 
 
$
159.2

 
 
 
$
16.5


 
Accounting Policies
Derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair values. When we become a party to a derivative instrument and intend to apply hedge accounting, we designate the instrument, for financial reporting purposes, as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a net investment hedge. The accounting for changes in fair value (gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether we had designated it and it qualified as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. We apply the following accounting policies:
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as a fair value hedge, along with the loss or gain on the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk are recorded in earnings.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as a cash flow hedge are recorded in AOCI to the extent effective and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the transaction hedged by that derivative also affects earnings.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation are recorded in foreign currency translation adjustments within AOCI to the extent effective as a hedge.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative not designated as a hedging instrument are recognized in earnings in other expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Realized gains and losses on a derivative are reported on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consistent with the underlying hedged item.
For derivatives designated as hedges, we assess, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items. Highly effective means that cumulative changes in the fair value of the derivative are between 85% - 125% of the cumulative changes in the fair value of the hedged item. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s gain or loss, if any, is recorded in earnings in other expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition, when we determine that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, hedge accounting is discontinued. When it is probable that a hedged forecasted transaction will not occur, we discontinue hedge accounting for the affected portion of the forecasted transaction, and reclassify gains or losses that were accumulated in AOCI to earnings in other expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Interest Rate Risk
Our borrowings are subject to interest rate risk. We use interest-rate swap agreements, which effectively convert the fixed rate on long-term debt to a floating interest rate, to manage our interest rate exposure. The agreements are designated as fair value hedges. We held interest-rate swap agreements that effectively converted approximately 62% at December 31, 2012, and 74% at December 31, 2011, of our outstanding long-term, fixed-rate borrowings to a variable interest rate based on LIBOR. Our total exposure to floating interest rates was approximately 69% at December 31, 2012, and 82% at December 31, 2011; however, in January 2013, we terminated eight of our interest-rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges, with notional amounts totaling $1,000.
In March 2012, we terminated two of our interest-rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges, with notional amounts totaling $350. As of the interest-rate swap agreements’ termination date, the aggregate favorable adjustment to the carrying value of our debt was $46.1, which is being amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining term of the underlying debt obligations through March 2019. We incurred termination fees of $2.5 which were recorded in other expense, net. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the net impact of the gain amortization was $4.4. The interest-rate swap agreements were terminated in order to increase our ratio of fixed-rate debt.
At December 31, 2012, we had interest-rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges of fixed-rate debt, with notional amounts totaling $1,375. Unrealized gains were $93.1 at December 31, 2012, of which $90.3 were included within long-term debt and $2.8 were included within debt maturing within one year. Unrealized gains were $147.6 at December 31, 2011, and were included within long-term debt. During 2012 and 2011, we recorded a net loss of $8.4 and a net gain of $53.2, respectively, in interest expense for these interest-rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges. The impact on interest expense of these interest-rate swap agreements was offset by an equal and offsetting impact in interest expense on our fixed-rate debt.
At times, we may de-designate the hedging relationship of a receive-fixed/pay-variable interest-rate swap agreement. In these cases, we enter into receive-variable/pay-fixed interest-rate swap agreements that are designated to offset the gain or loss on the de-designated contract. At December 31, 2012, we had interest-rate swap agreements that are not designated as hedges with notional amounts totaling $250. Unrealized losses on these agreements were immaterial at December 31, 2012 and 2011. During 2012, we recorded an immaterial net gain in other expense, net associated with these undesignated interest-rate swap agreements.
There was no hedge ineffectiveness for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, related to these interest-rate swaps.
During 2007, we entered into treasury lock agreements (the "2007 locks") with notional amounts totaling $500.0 that expired on July 31, 2008. The 2007 locks were designated as cash flow hedges of the anticipated interest payments on $250.0 principal amount of the 2013 Notes and $250.0 principal amount of the 2018 Notes. The losses on the 2007 locks of $38.0 were recorded in AOCI. $19.2 of the losses are being amortized to interest expense over five years and $18.8 are being amortized over ten years.
During 2005, we entered into treasury lock agreements (the "2005 locks") that we designated as cash flow hedges and used to hedge exposure to a possible rise in interest rates prior to the anticipated issuance of ten- and 30-year bonds. In December 2005, we decided that a more appropriate strategy was to issue five-year bonds given our strong cash flow and high level of cash and cash equivalents. As a result of the change in strategy, in December 2005, we de-designated the 2005 locks as hedges and reclassified the gain of $2.5 on the 2005 locks from AOCI to other expense, net. Upon the change in strategy in December 2005, we entered into a treasury lock agreement (the "additional 2005 locks") with a notional amount of $250.0 designated as a cash flow hedge of the $500.0 principal amount of five-year notes payable issued in January 2006. The loss on the additional 2005 locks of $1.9 was recorded in AOCI and has been amortized to interest expense over five years.
During 2003, we entered into treasury lock agreements (the "2003 locks") that we designated as cash flow hedges and used to hedge the exposure to the possible rise in interest rates prior to the issuance of the 4.625% Notes. The loss on the 2003 locks of $2.6 was recorded in AOCI and is being amortized to interest expense over ten years.
As of December 31, 2012, we expect to reclassify $1.7, net of taxes, of net losses on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges from AOCI to earnings during the next 12 months.
For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, treasury lock agreements impacted AOCI as follows:
 
 
2012
 
2011
Net unamortized losses at beginning of year, net of taxes of $5.8 and $7.9
 
$
(10.7
)
 
$
(14.6
)
Reclassification of net losses to earnings, net of taxes of $2.1 and $2.1
 
3.9

 
3.9

Net unamortized losses at end of year, net of taxes of $3.7 and $5.8
 
$
(6.8
)
 
$
(10.7
)

Foreign Currency Risk
At December 31, 2012, the primary currencies for which we had net underlying foreign currency exchange rate exposures were the Argentine peso, Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound, Canadian dollar, Chinese renminbi, Colombian peso, the Czech Republic koruna, the euro, Mexican peso, New Zealand dollar, Peruvian new sol, Philippine peso, Polish zloty, Russian ruble, South Africa rand, Turkish lira, Ukrainian hryvnia, and Venezuelan bolívar. We use foreign exchange forward contracts to manage a portion of our foreign currency exchange rate exposures. At December 31, 2012, we had outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts with notional amounts totaling approximately $315.3 for the euro, British pound, Mexican peso, Peruvian new sol, the Czech Republic koruna, Polish zloty, Romanian leu, and New Zealand dollar.
We use foreign exchange forward contracts to manage foreign currency exposure of intercompany loans. These contracts are not designated as hedges. The change in fair value of these contracts is immediately recognized in earnings and substantially offsets the foreign currency impact recognized in earnings relating to the intercompany loans. During 2012 and 2011, we recorded gains of $7.6 and $8.7, respectively, in other expense, net related to these undesignated foreign exchange forward contracts. Also during 2012 and 2011, we recorded losses of $4.6 and $3.2, respectively, related to the intercompany loans, caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
We also have used foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency-denominated debt to hedge the foreign currency exposure related to the net assets of foreign subsidiaries, which were effective as hedges. Gains of $4.3 for 2012 and $2.8 for 2011, and a loss of $3.7 for 2010, related to the effective portions of these hedges were included in foreign currency translation adjustments within AOCI on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During 2010 a loss of $20.1 was reclassified from AOCI to discontinued operations due to the sale of Avon Japan. During 2011, we identified an out-of-period adjustment relating to balances included in AOCI relating to Avon Japan. See Note 1, Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for further information.
Credit Risk of Financial Instruments
We attempt to minimize our credit exposure to counterparties by entering into derivative transactions and similar agreements with major international financial institutions with "A" or higher credit ratings as issued by Standard & Poor’s Corporation. Our foreign currency and interest rate derivatives are comprised of over-the-counter forward contracts, swaps or options with major international financial institutions. Although our theoretical credit risk is the replacement cost at the then estimated fair value of these instruments, we believe that the risk of incurring credit risk losses is remote and that such losses, if any, would not be material.
Non-performance of the counterparties on the balance of all the foreign exchange and interest rate agreements would have resulted in a write-off of $99.7 at December 31, 2012. In addition, in the event of non-performance by such counterparties, we would be exposed to market risk on the underlying items being hedged as a result of changes in foreign exchange and interest rates; however, as mentioned above, in January 2013 we terminated eight of our interest-rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges, with notional amounts totaling $1,000. As of the interest-rate swap agreements’ termination date, the aggregate favorable adjustment to the carrying value of our debt was $90.4, which will be amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining term of the underlying debt obligations.