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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

2. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

Cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities by security type at December 31, 2021 were as follows:

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Estimated
(In thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
Included in cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	24,207	$	—	$	—		$	24,207
Commercial paper		7,499		—		—			7,499
	$	31,706	$	—	$	—		$	31,706

Restricted cash:
Money market fund	$	93	$	—	$	—		$	93
Certificate of deposit		271		—		—			271
	$	364	$	—	$	—		$	364
Marketable securities:
U.S. Treasury securities (due in less than one year)	$	15,585	$	—	$	(18	)	$	15,567
U.S. Treasury securities (due in one to two years)		1,524		—		(3	)		1,521
Municipal securities (due in one to two years)		3,000		—		(15	)		2,985
Government-sponsored enterprise securities (due in less than one year)		12,500		—		(7	)		12,493
Commercial paper (due in less than one year)		84,398		2		(38	)		84,362
Corporate notes (due in less than one year)		36,444		2		(17	)		36,429
Corporate notes (due in one to two years)		24,224		—		(79	)		24,145
	$	177,675	$	4	$	(177	)	$	177,502

Cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities by security type at December 31, 2020 were as follows:

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Estimated
(In thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
Included in cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	4,356	$	—	$	—		$	4,356

Restricted cash:
Money market fund	$	92	$	—	$	—		$	92
Certificate of deposit		271		—		—			271
	$	363	$	—	$	—		$	363
Marketable securities:
U.S. Treasury securities (due in less than one year)	$	5,608	$	2	$	—		$	5,610
U.S. Treasury securities (due in one to two years)		5,093		2		—			5,095
Government-sponsored enterprise securities (due in less than one year)		5,249		3		—			5,252
Government-sponsored enterprise securities (due in one to two years)		23,499		7		(1	)		23,505
Commercial paper (due in less than one year)		112,388		29		(8	)		112,409
Corporate notes (due in less than one year)		63,051		35		(7	)		63,079
Corporate notes (due in one to two years)		34,771		33		(17	)		34,787
	$	249,659	$	111	$	(33	)	$	249,737

Cash equivalents and marketable securities with unrealized losses that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and 12 months or longer at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or Greater					Total
			Gross					Gross					Gross
	Estimated		Unrealized			Estimated		Unrealized			Estimated		Unrealized
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Losses			Fair Value		Losses			Fair Value		Losses
As of December 31, 2021:
U.S. Treasury securities (due in less than one year)	$	15,567	$	(18	)	$	—	$	—		$	15,567	$	(18	)
U.S. Treasury securities (due in one to two years)		1,521		(3	)		—		—			1,521		(3	)
Municipal securities (due in one to two years)		2,985		(15	)		—		—			2,985		(15	)
Government-sponsored enterprise securities (due in less than one year)		1,500		—			4,993		(7	)		6,493		(7	)
Commercial paper (due in less than one year)		66,872		(38	)		—		—			66,872		(38	)
Corporate notes (due in less than one year)		16,001		(17	)		—		—			16,001		(17	)
Corporate notes (due in one to two years)		24,145		(79	)		—		—			24,145		(79	)
	$	128,591	$	(170	)	$	4,993	$	(7	)	$	133,584	$	(177	)

	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or Greater				Total
			Gross					Gross				Gross
	Estimated		Unrealized			Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Losses			Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
As of December 31, 2020:
Government-sponsored enterprise securities (due in one to two years)	$	4,999	$	(1	)	$	—	$	—	$	4,999	$	(1	)
Commercial paper (due in less than one year)		22,956		(8	)		—		—		22,956		(8	)
Corporate notes (due in less than one year)		12,573		(7	)		—		—		12,573		(7	)
Corporate notes (due in one to two years)		16,322		(17	)		—		—		16,322		(17	)
	$	56,850	$	(33	)	$	—	$	—	$	56,850	$	(33	)

The gross unrealized losses related to U.S. Treasury securities, municipal securities, government-sponsored enterprise securities, commercial paper and corporate notes as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were due to changes in interest rates and not credit risk. We determined that the gross unrealized losses on our cash equivalents and marketable securities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were temporary in nature. Our exposure to unrealized losses may increase in the future due to the economic pressures or uncertainties associated with local or global economic recessions as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic. We review our investments quarterly to identify and evaluate whether any investments have indications of possible other-than-temporary impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis and whether we intend to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not that we would be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis. We currently do not intend to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases.

Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

We categorize financial instruments recorded at fair value on our balance sheets based upon the level of judgment associated with inputs used to measure their fair value. The categories are as follows:

Level 1	—	Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2	—	Inputs (other than quoted market prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.
Level 3	—	Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Below is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments measured at fair value on our balance sheets, including the category for such financial instruments.

Money market funds are categorized as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy as their fair values are based on quoted prices available in active markets. Commercial paper, U.S. Treasury securities, municipal securities, government-sponsored enterprise securities, corporate notes and equity investments are categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy as their fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows.

The following table presents information about our financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and indicates the fair value category assigned.

	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Quoted Prices in				Significant
	Active Markets for		Significant Other		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Observable Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
As of December 31, 2021:
Money market funds⁽¹⁾	$	24,207	$	—	$	—	$	24,207
U.S. Treasury securities⁽²⁾⁽³⁾		—		17,088		—		17,088
Municipal securities⁽³⁾		—		2,985		—		2,985
Government-sponsored enterprise securities⁽²⁾		—		12,493		—		12,493
Commercial paper⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		—		91,861		—		91,861
Corporate notes⁽²⁾⁽³⁾		—		60,574		—		60,574
Total	$	24,207	$	185,001	$	—	$	209,208
As of December 31, 2020:
Money market funds⁽¹⁾	$	4,356	$	—	$	—	$	4,356
U.S. Treasury securities⁽²⁾⁽³⁾		—		10,705		—		10,705
Government-sponsored enterprise securities⁽²⁾⁽³⁾		—		28,757		—		28,757
Commercial paper⁽²⁾		—		112,409		—		112,409
Corporate notes⁽²⁾⁽³⁾		—		97,866		—		97,866
Equity investment⁽⁴⁾		—		361		—		361
Total	$	4,356	$	250,098	$	—	$	254,454

(1)	Included in cash and cash equivalents on our balance sheets.

(2)	Included in current portion of marketable securities on our balance sheets.

(3)	Included in noncurrent portion of marketable securities on our balance sheets.

(4)	Included in deposits and other assets on our balance sheets. See “Equity Investment” in this Note 2 for further discussion of this equity investment.

Equity Investment

In December 2007, we received 13,842,625 ordinary shares in Sienna Cancer Diagnostics Limited, or Sienna, in connection with a license we granted to them for our hTERT technology for use in human diagnostics. The shares, which represented less than 20% ownership, were recorded at a zero cost basis under the cost method of accounting, upon receipt. Since the adoption of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018, we reassessed the fair value of our equity investment in Sienna at each reporting date and any resulting change in fair value was recognized on our statements of operations.

In April 2020, Sienna announced its merger with BARD1 Life Sciences Limited, or BARD1, subject to approval by Sienna’s shareholders. Effective August 3, 2020, the merger was complete, and we received 13 BARD1 shares for every five shares of Sienna ordinary shares, resulting in our ownership of 35,990,825 shares of BARD1. In connection with this exchange, we recognized a gain of $182,000 which has been included in other income and expense on our statements of operations. In the third quarter of 2020, we sold 15,322,939 shares of BARD1 and received $339,000 in net proceeds. In connection with the sales, we also recognized $34,000 in realized losses, which has been included in other income and expense.

Effective December 1, 2020, BARD1 completed a 1 for 30 reverse stock split. Consequently, as of December 31, 2020, we held 688,929 shares of BARD1 and the fair value of those shares was $361,000, as reported on the Australian stock exchange and translated into U.S. dollars. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized an increase in fair value of equity investment of $60,000 related to observable price changes. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized a decrease in fair value of equity investment of $195,000 related to observable price changes. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 we also recognized a gain of $103,000 and a loss of $1,000, respectively, related to foreign currency translation from Australian dollar to U.S. dollar, which were included in other income and expense on our statements of operations.

During the first quarter of 2021, we sold all of our holdings in BARD1 and recognized a net gain of approximately $1,233,000 from the sales, including gains from foreign currency translation adjustments, which has

been included in other income and expense on our statements of operations. As of March 31, 2021, no value remained for our equity investment in BARD1.

Credit Risk

We currently place our cash, restricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities with five financial institutions in the United States. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and therefore, bear minimal risk. Deposits with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and marketable securities. Cash equivalents and marketable securities currently consist of money market funds, government-sponsored enterprise securities, U.S. Treasury securities, municipal securities, commercial paper and corporate notes. Our investment policy, approved by the audit committee of our board of directors, limits the amount we may invest in any one type of investment issuer, thereby reducing credit risk concentrations.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details