Recent Accounting Pronouncements	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	2.Recent Accounting Pronouncements Standards Adopted In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it became effective. The new standard is effective beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years as stated in ASU 2015-14. The standard permits the use of either the full retrospective or cumulative effect (modified retrospective) transition method. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 and selected the cumulative effect transition method. We have performed a review of the requirements of the new guidance, codified by FASB in ASC Topic 606, and have applied the five-step model of the new standard to our contracts and have compared the results to our previous accounting practices under ASC Topic 605. Based on this analysis, the new standard did not have a material impact on the results of operations or cash flows of the Company. However, amendments to ASC Topic 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, require the capitalization of costs to obtain and fulfill customer contracts, which were previously expensed as incurred. The assets recognized for the costs to obtain and/or fulfill a contract will be amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer of the services to which the asset relates. Accordingly, $6.2 million of prior year costs were capitalized as an asset upon adoption of this standard (effective January 1, 2018) and are being amortized over a period of five years. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The ASU became effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01 Business Combination (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”). ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. The ASU became effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07 Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (“ASU 2017-01”). ASU 2017-07 requires that a company present service cost separately from the other components of the net benefit cost. This ASU became effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted ASU 2017-07 on January 1, 2018 and retrospectively applied this ASU to all periods presented. As a result, $0.2 and $0.6 million of pension costs were reclassified from selling, general and administrative to interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”). ASU 2017-09 clarifies what constitutes a modification of a share-based payment award. This ASU became effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Standards Not Yet Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 on Leases (ASC Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 was issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liability on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842; ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases; and ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements. The new standard establishes a right-of-use model (ROU) that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheets for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. If an entity chooses the second option, the transition requirements for existing leases also apply to leases entered into between the date of initial application and the effective date. The entity must also recast its comparative period financial statements and provide the disclosures required by the new standard for the comparative periods. We expect to adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 and use the effective date as our date of initial application. Consequently, financial information will not be updated and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2019. The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We expect to elect the ‘package of practical expedients’, which permits us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. We do not expect to elect the use-of-hindsight or the practical expedient pertaining to land easements; the latter not being applicable to us. We expect that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets. We do not expect that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated statements of operations and cash flows. While we are still evaluating the amount and continue to assess all of the effects of adoption, we currently believe the most significant effects relate to (1) the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for our real estate operating leases; and (2) providing significant new disclosures about our leasing activities. We do not expect a significant change in our leasing activities between now and adoption. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02 Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2018-02”). ASU 2018-02 allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We expect to adopt this standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements due to our valuation allowance. In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“ASU 2018-05”). ASU 2018-05 adds various SEC paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. See Note 12, Income Taxes. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. We expect to adopt this standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in the Concepts Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We expect to adopt this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14 Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans (“ASU 2018-14”). ASU 2018-14 removes disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures, and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We expect to adopt this standard on January 1, 2021. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

2.Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Standards Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it became effective. The new standard is effective beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years as stated in ASU 2015-14. The standard permits the use of either the full retrospective or cumulative effect (modified retrospective) transition method. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 and selected the cumulative effect transition method.

We have performed a review of the requirements of the new guidance, codified by FASB in ASC Topic 606, and have applied the five-step model of the new standard to our contracts and have compared the results to our previous accounting practices under ASC Topic 605. Based on this analysis, the new standard did not have a material impact on the results of operations or cash flows of the Company. However, amendments to ASC Topic 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, require the capitalization of costs to obtain and fulfill customer contracts, which were previously expensed as incurred. The assets recognized for the costs to obtain and/or fulfill a contract will be amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer of the services to which the asset relates. Accordingly, $6.2 million of prior year costs were capitalized as an asset upon adoption of this standard (effective January 1, 2018) and are being amortized over a period of five years.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The ASU became effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01 Business Combination (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”). ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. The ASU became effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07 Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (“ASU 2017-01”). ASU 2017-07 requires that a company present service cost separately from the other components of the net benefit cost. This ASU became effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted ASU 2017-07 on January 1, 2018 and retrospectively applied this ASU to all periods presented. As a result, $0.2 and $0.6 million of pension costs were reclassified from selling, general and administrative to interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”). ASU 2017-09 clarifies what constitutes a modification of a share-based payment award. This ASU became effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Standards Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 on Leases (ASC Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 was issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liability on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842; ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases; and ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements. The new standard establishes a right-of-use model (ROU) that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheets for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. If an entity chooses the second option, the transition requirements for existing leases also apply to leases entered into between the date of initial application and the effective date. The entity must also recast its comparative period financial statements and provide the disclosures required by the new standard for the comparative periods.

We expect to adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 and use the effective date as our date of initial application. Consequently, financial information will not be updated and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2019. The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We expect to elect the ‘package of practical expedients’, which permits us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. We do not expect to elect the use-of-hindsight or the practical expedient pertaining to land easements; the latter not being applicable to us.

We expect that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets. We do not expect that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated statements of operations and cash flows. While we are still evaluating the amount and continue to assess all of the effects of adoption, we currently believe the most significant effects relate to (1) the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for our real estate operating leases; and (2) providing significant new disclosures about our leasing activities. We do not expect a significant change in our leasing activities between now and adoption.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02 Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2018-02”). ASU 2018-02 allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We expect to adopt this standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements due to our valuation allowance.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“ASU 2018-05”). ASU 2018-05 adds various SEC paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. See Note 12, Income Taxes.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. We expect to adopt this standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in the Concepts Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We expect to adopt this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14 Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans (“ASU 2018-14”). ASU 2018-14 removes disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures, and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We expect to adopt this standard on January 1, 2021. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.