Redeemable Preferred Stock	9 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2019
Preferred Stock [Abstract]
Redeemable Preferred Stock	Note 14. Redeemable Preferred Stock The Company is authorized to issue up to 250,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, in one or more series, of which, as of July 31, 2019, shares were issued and designated as Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (referred to herein as “Series D Preferred Stock”) and 5% Series B Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock (referred to herein as “Series B Preferred Stock”). The Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (referred to herein as “Series C Preferred Stock”) previously issued by the Company were fully converted prior to July 31, 2019. Series D Preferred Stock On August 27, 2018, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. (the “Underwriter”), relating to an underwritten offering (the “Offering”) of the Company’s Series D Preferred Stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. Subject to the terms and conditions contained in the Underwriting Agreement, the Underwriter agreed to purchase, and the Company agreed to sell, 30,680 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, which were initially convertible into 1,852,657 shares of the Company’s common stock (without regard to any limitation on conversion set forth in the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series D Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Series D Certificate of Designation”)), at an initial conversion price of $16.56 per share, subject to certain adjustments (“Series D Conversion Price”). The Offering closed on August 29, 2018. The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Series D Preferred Stock, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and the offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $25.3 million. In conjunction with the closing of the Offering, on August 29, 2018, the Company filed the Series D Certificate of Designation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, designating 30,680 shares of the Company’s preferred stock as Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (such shares, the “Series D Preferred Shares”). As of July 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, there were 25 and 30,680 shares, respectively, of Series D Preferred Stock issued and outstanding with a carrying value of $27.0 thousand and $27.4 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019, holders of the Series D Preferred Stock converted 18,932 and 30,655 Series D Preferred Shares into 59,021,202 and 61,947,759 shares of common stock, respectively, through installment and optional conversions, triggering event conversions and acceleration of future installment amounts, resulting in a reduction of $20.5 million and $31.1 million, respectively, to the carrying value being recorded to equity. Conversions in which the conversion price was below $16.56 (the conversion price of the Series D Preferred Stock as of July 31, 2019 and during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019) resulted in a variable number of shares being issued to settle the conversion amounts and are treated as a partial redemption of the Series D Preferred Shares. Conversions during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019 that were settled in a variable number of shares and treated as redemptions resulted in deemed dividends of $3.1 million and $6.0 million, respectively. The deemed dividends represent the difference between the fair value of the shares of common stock issued to settle the conversion amounts and the carrying value of the Series D Preferred Shares. The Series D Preferred Stock redemption accretion of $3.8 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2019 reflects the accretion of the difference between the carrying value and the amount that would have been redeemed if stockholder approval had not been obtained for the issuance of common stock equal to 20.0% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting stock prior to the issuance of the Series D Preferred Stock. Additionally, prior to receiving stockholder approval of the issuance of 20.0% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting stock immediately preceding the issuance of the Series D Preferred Stock, the holders were prohibited from converting Series D Preferred Shares into shares of common stock if such conversion would have caused the Company to issue pursuant to the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock a number of shares in excess of the maximum number of shares permitted to be issued thereunder without breaching the Company’s obligations under the rules or regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market. The Company received stockholder approval of such issuance at the annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders on April 4, 2019. Any failure to pay any amounts due to the holders of the Series D Preferred Shares, as well as certain other “triggering events,” including, without limitation, the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares, the suspension of trading of the Company’s common stock, the Company’s failure to keep reserved for issuance an adequate number of shares of common stock to cover conversion of the Series D Preferred Shares, breaches of certain agreements that permit the other party to such agreement to declare a default or accelerate amounts due, the existence of a circumstance or event that would result in a default under another agreement that would or is reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect, and breaches of certain covenants that are not timely cured, where a cure period is permitted, would permit the holders of the Series D Preferred Shares to require the Company to redeem such Series D Preferred Shares in cash at a price equal to the greater of (i) 125% of the stated value of the Series D Preferred Shares being redeemed plus accrued dividends, if any, and (ii) the market value of the number of shares issuable on conversion of the Series D Preferred Shares valued at the greatest closing sales price during the period from the date immediately before the triggering event through the date the Company makes the redemption payment. Alternatively, in the event of such a triggering event, the holders of Series D Preferred Shares may elect to convert such shares (subject to the beneficial ownership limitations provided in the Series D Certificate of Designation) into shares of common stock at a conversion price equal to the lower of the Series D Conversion Price in effect on the trading day (as such term is defined in the Series D Certificate of Designation) immediately preceding the delivery of the conversion notice and 85% of the lowest dollar volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the common stock on any of the five consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately prior to delivery of the applicable conversion notice. During the week of June 10, 2019, the holders of the Series D Preferred Stock asserted that certain triggering events had occurred under the Series D Certificate of Designation and indicated their intent to exercise their rights to convert certain of their shares at a reduced conversion price. While the Company did not agree with the basis for their assertions or their characterization of such events, there are provisions under the Series D Certificate of Designation which could be interpreted as giving them the right to demand such conversion at a reduced conversion price. Accordingly, during the period beginning on June 11, 2019 and ending on July 3, 2019, the Company effected conversions at reduced conversion prices ranging from $0.14 to $0.61, resulting in the issuance of 52,702,282 shares of common stock. Series C Preferred Stock The Company issued an aggregate of 33,500 shares of its Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred Stock” and such shares, the “Series C Preferred Shares”), $0.01 par value and $1,000 stated value per share, during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2017. As of July 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, there were 0 and 8,992 shares, respectively, of Series C Preferred Stock issued and outstanding with a carrying value of $0 and $7.5 million, respectively. On February 21, 2019, the Company entered into a waiver agreement (the “Waiver Agreement”) with the holder of the Series C Preferred Stock (such holder, the “Series C Holder”). Under the Waiver Agreement, the Series C Holder waived any equity conditions failures that may have occurred under the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Certificate of Designations”). The Series C Holder further waived any triggering event occurring after the date of the Waiver Agreement, as well as its right to demand, require or otherwise receive cash payments under the Series C Certificate of Designations, which waiver would have terminated upon the occurrence of certain key triggering events (failure to provide freely tradable shares, suspension from trading on the Nasdaq Global Market or another eligible market, or failure to convert or deliver shares under certain circumstances), the occurrence of a fundamental transaction, a breach of the Waiver Agreement, or the occurrence of a bankruptcy triggering event. In addition, the Company agreed in the Waiver Agreement, pursuant to Section 8(d) of the Series C Certificate of Designations, to adjust the conversion price of the Series C Preferred Stock in connection with future conversions, such that, when the Series C Holder converted its Series C Preferred Stock into common stock, it would receive approximately 25% more shares than it would have received upon conversion prior to the execution of the Waiver Agreement. Under the Waiver Agreement, the conversion price of the Series C Preferred Stock is stated to be the lowest of (i) $4.45, (ii) 85% of the lowest closing bid price of the Company’s common stock during the period beginning on and including the fifth trading day prior to the date on which the applicable conversion notice is delivered to the Company and ending on and including the date on which the applicable conversion notice is delivered to the Company, and (iii) 85% of the quotient of (A) the sum of the five lowest VWAPs of the Company’s common stock during the twenty consecutive trading day period ending and including the trading day immediately preceding the applicable conversion date divided by (B) five. To determine the number of shares of common stock to be issued upon conversion, 125% of the value of the Series C Preferred Shares being converted is divided by the applicable conversion price. The parties further agreed to waive the installment payment/conversion provisions in Section 9 of the Series C Certificate of Designations, which required installment conversions or payments to be made on the 1^st and 16^th of each month (as described in additional detail below). Under the Waiver Agreement, conversions of Series C Preferred Stock were permitted to occur and did occur after the original March 1, 2019 maturity date, and the Company further agreed to reserve specific numbers of shares for issuance to the Series C Holder and the holders of the Series D Preferred Stock until the Company effected a reverse stock split, which occurred on May 8, 2019, or increased its authorized shares of common stock. The Waiver Agreement was treated for accounting purposes to be an extinguishment of the Series C Preferred Stock instrument as of February 21, 2019. The Series C Preferred Stock remained classified in mezzanine equity, however, the carrying value was adjusted to reflect the estimated fair value of the post-modification Series C Preferred Shares which incorporated the new terms outlined in the Waiver Agreement. The valuation utilized a Binomial Lattice Model (“Lattice Model”) which is a commonly used methodology to value path-dependent options or stock units in order to capture their potential early conversion. The Lattice Model produces an estimated fair value based on changes in the underlying stock price over successive periods of time. The assumptions used in the model such as stock price, conversion price and conversion ratio were consistent with date of execution and terms in the Waiver Agreement. Other assumptions included the volatility of the Company’s stock which was assumed to be 75% and a discount rate of 20% which was estimated based on various indices consistent with the Company’s profile, venture capital rates of return and the Company’s borrowing rate. The Lattice Model resulted in an estimated fair value as of February 21, 2019 of $13.5 million whereby the Series C Preferred Stock carrying value was adjusted to this amount. As discussed above, a beneficial conversion feature was recorded during the three months ended January 31, 2019 due to reductions in the conversion price. Upon extinguishment during the three months ended April 30, 2019, the Company first allocated $6.6 million to the reacquisition of the embedded conversion option equal to the intrinsic value that was previously recognized during the three months ended January 31, 2019 for the embedded conversion option. Because the remaining estimated fair value of the instrument on February 21, 2019 was less than the carrying amount of the Series C Preferred Stock, the amount of the shortfall resulted in a decrease in loss available to common stockholders for purposes of computing loss per share of $0.5 million. In order to resolve different interpretations of the provisions of the Series C Certificate of Designations that governed adjustments to the conversion price in connection with sales of common stock under the Company’s at-the-market stock sales plan below the initial conversion price $22.08 and whether such sales constituted sales of variable priced securities under the Series C Certificate of Designations, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) agreed to reduce the conversion price of the Series C Preferred Shares from $22.08 to $18.00 effective August 27, 2018 in exchange for a waiver of certain anti-dilution and price adjustment rights under the Series C Certificate of Designations for future at-the-market sales of common stock. The conversion price of the Series C Preferred Shares was adjusted again on December 3, 2018 to $6.96, on December 17, 2018 to $6.00 and on January 2, 2019 to $5.16. During the period from February 1, 2019 to May 23, 2019, the conversion price was further adjusted to prices ranging from $4.45 to $1.27, the conversion price as of the last conversion, which occurred on May 23, 2019. Conversions occurring during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019 resulted in a variable number of shares being issued to settle the conversion amounts and were treated as a partial redemption of the Series C Preferred Shares. Conversions during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019 that were settled in a variable number of shares and treated as partial redemptions resulted in deemed contributions of $0.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The deemed contributions represent the difference between the fair value of the common shares issued to settle the conversion amounts and the carrying value of the Series C Preferred Shares. Additionally, as discussed in more detail below, the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the nine months ended July 31, 2019 was impacted by a $0.5 million decrease in the loss resulting from accounting for the Waiver Agreement in February 2019 which was recorded during the three months ended April 30, 2019. The net loss attributable to common stockholders for the nine months ended July 31, 2019 also includes the $8.6 million redemption value adjustment recorded during the three months ended January 31, 2019. Based on review of pertinent accounting literature including ASC 470 – Debt, ASC 480 - Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 815 - Derivative and Hedging, the Series C Preferred Shares are classified outside of permanent equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and were recorded at fair value on the issuance date (proceeds from the issuance, net of direct issuance cost). The decline in the Company’s stock price during the three months ended January 31, 2019 and between January 31, 2019 and the execution of the Waiver Agreement in February 2019 resulted in equity conditions failures under the Series C Certificate of Designations, which were waived by the Series C Holder in the Waiver Agreement, as described above. Prior to the execution of such Waiver Agreement, the conversion price was adjusted in December 2018 and January 2019 as described in the paragraph above. This contingent beneficial conversion feature resulted in a $6.6 million reduction in the Series C Preferred Shares carrying value. Because the equity conditions failures were continuing as of January 31, 2019 (prior to the execution of the Waiver Agreement), the Series C Preferred Shares were adjusted to 108% of stated redemption value as of January 31, 2019 with a corresponding charge to common stockholders of $8.6 million. During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019, holders of the Series C Preferred Stock converted 1,618 and 8,992 Series C Preferred Shares into 1,658,861 and 3,914,218 shares of common stock, respectively, resulting in a reduction in carrying value of $3.2 million and $15.5 million, respectively. Upon the conversion of the last outstanding Series C Preferred Shares on May 23, 2019, there were no further Series C Preferred Shares outstanding. Redeemable Series B Preferred Stock As of July 31, 2019, the Company had 105,875 shares of 5% Series B Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock with a liquidation preference of $1,000.00 per share (referred to herein as “Series B Preferred Stock”) authorized for issuance. As of July 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, there were 64,020 shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, with a carrying value of $59.9 million. Dividends of $1.6 million and $2.4 million were paid in cash during the nine month periods ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Dividends of $0 and $0.8 million were paid during the three month periods ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. No dividends were declared or paid by the Company on the Series B Preferred Stock in connection with the May 15, 2019 dividend payment date. Based on the dividend rate in effect on May 15, 2019, the aggregate amount of such dividend payment would have been $0.8 million. Because such dividends were not paid on May 15, under the terms of the Amended Certificate of Designation with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock, the holders of shares of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, when, as and if, declared by the Board, dividends at a dividend rate per annum equal to the normal dividend rate of 5% plus an amount equal to the number of dividend periods for which the Company failed to pay or set apart funds to pay dividends multiplied by 0.0625%, for each subsequent dividend period until the Company has paid or provided for the payment of all dividends on the shares of Series B Preferred Stock for all prior dividend periods. As of July 31, 2019, a total of $0.81 million will be payable with respect to the May 15 dividend period, if and when declared by the Board. Class A Cumulative Redeemable Exchangeable Preferred Shares As of July 31, 2019, FCE FuelCell Energy, Ltd. had 1,000,000 Class A Cumulative Redeemable Exchangeable Preferred Shares (the “Series 1 Preferred Shares”) issued and outstanding, which are held by Enbridge, Inc. (“Enbridge”), which is a related party. Dividends and return of capital payments are due quarterly based on calendar quarters. The Company made payments of Cdn. $0.3 million and Cdn. $0.9 million during the three month period ended December 31, 2018 and the nine month period ended July 31, 2018, respectively, under the terms of the Company’s agreement with Enbridge. However, the Company’s return of capital payments were not made for the calendar quarters ended on March 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019. The Company recorded interest expense, which reflects the amortization of the fair value discount of approximately Cdn. $1.4 million and Cdn. $0.7 million for the three months ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and Cdn. $2.2 million and Cdn. $2.1 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of July 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, the carrying value of the Series 1 Preferred Shares was Cdn. $22.2 million (U.S. $16.9 million) and Cdn. $20.9 million (U.S. $15.9 million), respectively, and is classified as a preferred stock obligation of subsidiary on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Redeemable Preferred Stock

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Note 14. Redeemable Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue up to 250,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, in one or more series, of which, as of July 31, 2019, shares were issued and designated as Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (referred to herein as “Series D Preferred Stock”) and 5% Series B Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock (referred to herein as “Series B Preferred Stock”). The Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (referred to herein as “Series C Preferred Stock”) previously issued by the Company were fully converted prior to July 31, 2019.

Series D Preferred Stock

On August 27, 2018, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. (the “Underwriter”), relating to an underwritten offering (the “Offering”) of the Company’s Series D Preferred Stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. Subject to the terms and conditions contained in the Underwriting Agreement, the Underwriter agreed to purchase, and the Company agreed to sell, 30,680 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, which were initially convertible into 1,852,657 shares of the Company’s common stock (without regard to any limitation on conversion set forth in the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series D Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Series D Certificate of Designation”)), at an initial conversion price of $16.56 per share, subject to certain adjustments (“Series D Conversion Price”).

The Offering closed on August 29, 2018. The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Series D Preferred Stock, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and the offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $25.3 million.

In conjunction with the closing of the Offering, on August 29, 2018, the Company filed the Series D Certificate of Designation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, designating 30,680 shares of the Company’s preferred stock as Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (such shares, the “Series D Preferred Shares”).

As of July 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, there were 25 and 30,680 shares, respectively, of Series D Preferred Stock issued and outstanding with a carrying value of $27.0 thousand and $27.4 million, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019, holders of the Series D Preferred Stock converted 18,932 and 30,655 Series D Preferred Shares into 59,021,202 and 61,947,759 shares of common stock, respectively, through installment and optional conversions, triggering event conversions and acceleration of future installment amounts, resulting in a reduction of $20.5 million and $31.1 million, respectively, to the carrying value being recorded to equity. Conversions in which the conversion price was below $16.56 (the conversion price of the Series D Preferred Stock as of July 31, 2019 and during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019) resulted in a variable number of shares being issued to settle the conversion amounts and are treated as a partial redemption of the Series D Preferred Shares. Conversions during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019 that were settled in a variable number of shares and treated as redemptions resulted in deemed dividends of $3.1 million and $6.0 million, respectively. The deemed dividends represent the difference between the fair value of the shares of common stock issued to settle the conversion amounts and the carrying value of the Series D Preferred Shares.

The Series D Preferred Stock redemption accretion of $3.8 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2019 reflects the accretion of the difference between the carrying value and the amount that would have been redeemed if stockholder approval had not been obtained for the issuance of common stock equal to 20.0% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting stock prior to the issuance of the Series D Preferred Stock. Additionally, prior to receiving stockholder approval of the issuance of 20.0% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting stock immediately preceding the issuance of the Series D Preferred Stock, the holders were prohibited from converting Series D Preferred Shares into shares of common stock if such conversion would have caused the Company to issue pursuant to the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock a number of shares in excess of the maximum number of shares permitted to be issued thereunder without breaching the Company’s obligations under the rules or regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market. The Company received stockholder approval of such issuance at the annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders on April 4, 2019.

Any failure to pay any amounts due to the holders of the Series D Preferred Shares, as well as certain other “triggering events,” including, without limitation, the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares, the suspension of trading of the Company’s common stock, the Company’s failure to keep reserved for issuance an adequate number of shares of common stock to cover conversion of the Series D Preferred Shares, breaches of certain agreements that permit the other party to such agreement to declare a default or accelerate amounts due, the existence of a circumstance or event that would result in a default under another agreement that would or is reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect, and breaches of certain covenants that are not timely cured, where a cure period is permitted, would permit the holders of the Series D Preferred Shares to require the Company to redeem such Series D Preferred Shares in cash at a price equal to the greater of (i) 125% of the stated value of the Series D Preferred Shares being redeemed plus accrued dividends, if any, and (ii) the market value of the number of shares issuable on conversion of the Series D Preferred Shares valued at the greatest closing sales price during the period from the date immediately before the triggering event through the date the Company makes the redemption payment.

Alternatively, in the event of such a triggering event, the holders of Series D Preferred Shares may elect to convert such shares (subject to the beneficial ownership limitations provided in the Series D Certificate of Designation) into shares of common stock at a conversion price equal to the lower of the Series D Conversion Price in effect on the trading day (as such term is defined in the Series D Certificate of Designation) immediately preceding the delivery of the conversion notice and 85% of the lowest dollar volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the common stock on any of the five consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately prior to delivery of the applicable conversion notice.

During the week of June 10, 2019, the holders of the Series D Preferred Stock asserted that certain triggering events had occurred under the Series D Certificate of Designation and indicated their intent to exercise their rights to convert certain of their shares at a reduced conversion price. While the Company did not agree with the basis for their assertions or their characterization of such events, there are provisions under the Series D Certificate of Designation which could be interpreted as giving them the right to demand such conversion at a reduced conversion price. Accordingly, during the period beginning on June 11, 2019 and ending on July 3, 2019, the Company effected conversions at reduced conversion prices ranging from $0.14 to $0.61, resulting in the issuance of 52,702,282 shares of common stock.

Series C Preferred Stock

The Company issued an aggregate of 33,500 shares of its Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred Stock” and such shares, the “Series C Preferred Shares”), $0.01 par value and $1,000 stated value per share, during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2017. As of July 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, there were 0 and 8,992 shares, respectively, of Series C Preferred Stock issued and outstanding with a carrying value of $0 and $7.5 million, respectively.

On February 21, 2019, the Company entered into a waiver agreement (the “Waiver Agreement”) with the holder of the Series C Preferred Stock (such holder, the “Series C Holder”). Under the Waiver Agreement, the Series C Holder waived any equity conditions failures that may have occurred under the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Certificate of Designations”). The Series C Holder further waived any triggering event occurring after the date of the Waiver Agreement, as well as its right to demand, require or otherwise receive cash payments under the Series C Certificate of Designations, which waiver would have terminated upon the occurrence of certain key triggering events (failure to provide freely tradable shares, suspension from trading on the Nasdaq Global Market or another eligible market, or failure to convert or deliver shares under certain circumstances), the occurrence of a fundamental transaction, a breach of the Waiver Agreement, or the occurrence of a bankruptcy triggering event. In addition, the Company agreed in the Waiver Agreement, pursuant to Section 8(d) of the Series C Certificate of Designations, to adjust the conversion price of the Series C Preferred Stock in connection with future conversions, such that, when the Series C Holder converted its Series C Preferred Stock into common stock, it would receive approximately 25% more shares than it would have received upon conversion prior to the execution of the Waiver Agreement. Under the Waiver Agreement, the conversion price of the Series C Preferred Stock is stated to be the lowest of (i) $4.45, (ii) 85% of the lowest closing bid price of the Company’s common stock during the period beginning on and including the fifth trading day prior to the date on which the applicable conversion notice is delivered to the Company and ending on and including the date on which the applicable conversion notice is delivered to the Company, and (iii) 85% of the quotient of (A) the sum of the five lowest VWAPs of the Company’s common stock during the twenty consecutive trading day period ending and including the trading day immediately preceding the applicable conversion date divided by (B) five. To determine the number of shares of common stock to be issued upon conversion, 125% of the value of the Series C Preferred Shares being converted is divided by the applicable conversion price. The parties further agreed to waive the installment payment/conversion provisions in Section 9 of the Series C Certificate of Designations, which required installment conversions or payments to be made on the 1^st and 16^th of each month (as described in additional detail below). Under the Waiver Agreement, conversions of Series C Preferred Stock were permitted to occur and did occur after the original March 1, 2019 maturity date, and the Company further agreed to reserve specific numbers of shares for issuance to the Series C Holder and the holders of the Series D Preferred Stock until the Company effected a reverse stock split, which occurred on May 8, 2019, or increased its authorized shares of common stock.

The Waiver Agreement was treated for accounting purposes to be an extinguishment of the Series C Preferred Stock instrument as of February 21, 2019. The Series C Preferred Stock remained classified in mezzanine equity, however, the carrying value was adjusted to reflect the estimated fair value of the post-modification Series C Preferred Shares which incorporated the new terms outlined in the Waiver Agreement. The valuation utilized a Binomial Lattice Model (“Lattice Model”) which is a commonly used methodology to value path-dependent options or stock units in order to capture their potential early conversion. The Lattice Model produces an estimated fair value based on changes in the underlying stock price over successive periods of time. The assumptions used in the model such as stock price, conversion price and conversion ratio were consistent with date of execution and terms in the Waiver Agreement. Other assumptions included the volatility of the Company’s stock which was assumed to be 75% and a discount rate of 20% which was estimated based on various indices consistent with the Company’s profile, venture capital rates of return and the Company’s borrowing rate. The Lattice Model resulted in an estimated fair value as of February 21, 2019 of $13.5 million whereby the Series C Preferred Stock carrying value was adjusted to this amount. As discussed above, a beneficial conversion feature was recorded during the three months ended January 31, 2019 due to reductions in the conversion price. Upon extinguishment during the three months ended April 30, 2019, the Company first allocated $6.6 million to the reacquisition of the embedded conversion option equal to the intrinsic value that was previously recognized during the three months ended January 31, 2019 for the embedded conversion option. Because the remaining estimated fair value of the instrument on February 21, 2019 was less than the carrying amount of the Series C Preferred Stock, the amount of the shortfall resulted in a decrease in loss available to common stockholders for purposes of computing loss per share of $0.5 million.

In order to resolve different interpretations of the provisions of the Series C Certificate of Designations that governed adjustments to the conversion price in connection with sales of common stock under the Company’s at-the-market stock sales plan below the initial conversion price $22.08 and whether such sales constituted sales of variable priced securities under the Series C Certificate of Designations, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) agreed to reduce the conversion price of the Series C Preferred Shares from $22.08 to $18.00 effective August 27, 2018 in exchange for a waiver of certain anti-dilution and price adjustment rights under the Series C Certificate of Designations for future at-the-market sales of common stock. The conversion price of the Series C Preferred Shares was adjusted again on December 3, 2018 to $6.96, on December 17, 2018 to $6.00 and on January 2, 2019 to $5.16. During the period from February 1, 2019 to May 23, 2019, the conversion price was further adjusted to prices ranging from $4.45 to $1.27, the conversion price as of the last conversion, which occurred on May 23, 2019. Conversions occurring during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019 resulted in a variable number of shares being issued to settle the conversion amounts and were treated as a partial redemption of the Series C Preferred Shares. Conversions during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019 that were settled in a variable number of shares and treated as partial redemptions resulted in deemed contributions of $0.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The deemed contributions represent the difference between the fair value of the common shares issued to settle the conversion amounts and the carrying value of the Series C Preferred Shares. Additionally, as discussed in more detail below, the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the nine months ended July 31, 2019 was impacted by a $0.5 million decrease in the loss resulting from accounting for the Waiver Agreement in February 2019 which was recorded during the three months ended April 30, 2019. The net loss attributable to common stockholders for the nine months ended July 31, 2019 also includes the $8.6 million redemption value adjustment recorded during the three months ended January 31, 2019.

Based on review of pertinent accounting literature including ASC 470 – Debt, ASC 480 - Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 815 - Derivative and Hedging, the Series C Preferred Shares are classified outside of permanent equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and were recorded at fair value on the issuance date (proceeds from the issuance, net of direct issuance cost). The decline in the Company’s stock price during the three months ended January 31, 2019 and between January 31, 2019 and the execution of the Waiver Agreement in February 2019 resulted in equity conditions failures under the Series C Certificate of Designations, which were waived by the Series C Holder in the Waiver Agreement, as described above. Prior to the execution of such Waiver Agreement, the conversion price was adjusted in December 2018 and January 2019 as described in the paragraph above. This contingent beneficial conversion feature resulted in a $6.6 million reduction in the Series C Preferred Shares carrying value. Because the equity conditions failures were continuing as of January 31, 2019 (prior to the execution of the Waiver Agreement), the Series C Preferred Shares were adjusted to 108% of stated redemption value as of January 31, 2019 with a corresponding charge to common stockholders of $8.6 million.

During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019, holders of the Series C Preferred Stock converted 1,618 and 8,992 Series C Preferred Shares into 1,658,861 and 3,914,218 shares of common stock, respectively, resulting in a reduction in carrying value of $3.2 million and $15.5 million, respectively. Upon the conversion of the last outstanding Series C Preferred Shares on May 23, 2019, there were no further Series C Preferred Shares outstanding.

Redeemable Series B Preferred Stock

As of July 31, 2019, the Company had 105,875 shares of 5% Series B Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock with a liquidation preference of $1,000.00 per share (referred to herein as “Series B Preferred Stock”) authorized for issuance. As of July 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, there were 64,020 shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, with a carrying value of $59.9 million. Dividends of $1.6 million and $2.4 million were paid in cash during the nine month periods ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Dividends of $0 and $0.8 million were paid during the three month periods ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

No dividends were declared or paid by the Company on the Series B Preferred Stock in connection with the May 15, 2019 dividend payment date. Based on the dividend rate in effect on May 15, 2019, the aggregate amount of such dividend payment would have been $0.8 million. Because such dividends were not paid on May 15, under the terms of the Amended Certificate of Designation with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock, the holders of shares of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, when, as and if, declared by the Board, dividends at a dividend rate per annum equal to the normal dividend rate of 5% plus an amount equal to the number of dividend periods for which the Company failed to pay or set apart funds to pay dividends multiplied by 0.0625%, for each subsequent dividend period until the Company has paid or provided for the payment of all dividends on the shares of Series B Preferred Stock for all prior dividend periods. As of July 31, 2019, a total of $0.81 million will be payable with respect to the May 15 dividend period, if and when declared by the Board.

Class A Cumulative Redeemable Exchangeable Preferred Shares

As of July 31, 2019, FCE FuelCell Energy, Ltd. had 1,000,000 Class A Cumulative Redeemable Exchangeable Preferred Shares (the “Series 1 Preferred Shares”) issued and outstanding, which are held by Enbridge, Inc. (“Enbridge”), which is a related party. Dividends and return of capital payments are due quarterly based on calendar quarters. The Company made payments of Cdn. $0.3 million and Cdn. $0.9 million during the three month period ended December 31, 2018 and the nine month period ended July 31, 2018, respectively, under the terms of the Company’s agreement with Enbridge. However, the Company’s return of capital payments were not made for the calendar quarters ended on March 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019. The Company recorded interest expense, which reflects the amortization of the fair value discount of approximately Cdn. $1.4 million and Cdn. $0.7 million for the three months ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and Cdn. $2.2 million and Cdn. $2.1 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of July 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, the carrying value of the Series 1 Preferred Shares was Cdn. $22.2 million (U.S. $16.9 million) and Cdn. $20.9 million (U.S. $15.9 million), respectively, and is classified as a preferred stock obligation of subsidiary on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.