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Stock Incentive and Purchase Plans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Free Cash Flow Performance-based DSU Awards, Fair Value Assumptions [Line Items]  
Free Cash Flow Performance-based DSU Awards, Fair Value Assumptions [Table Text Block]
The following table presents our assumptions used in determining the fair value of our AFCF awards currently expected to vest as of December 31, 2021:
2021 AFCF2020 AFCF2019 AFCF
Fair value, net of forfeitures to date (in millions)
$12 $6 $8 
Achievement of target payout131 %89 %90 %
Year-end stock price used in determining fair value$42.48 $35.95 $45.22 
Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block] The following presents the impact of stock-based compensation on our consolidated statements of operations:
 Year Ended December 31,
(in millions, except per share data)202120202019
Cost of products sold$11 $9 $8 
Selling, general and administrative expenses147 130 120 
Research and development expenses36 30 28 
 194 170 157 
Income tax (benefit) expense(29)(28)(24)
 $165 $142 $133 
Net impact per common share - basic$0.12 $0.10 $0.10 
Net impact per common share - assuming dilution$0.12 $0.10 $0.09 
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block] We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the grant-date fair value of stock options granted to employees under our stock incentive plans. We calculated the fair value for options granted using the following estimated weighted-average assumptions:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
Options granted (in thousands)
3,822 3,819 2,992 
Weighted-average exercise price$37.69 $41.79 $40.20 
Weighted-average grant-date fair value$10.77 $10.44 $11.76 
Black-Scholes Assumptions   
Expected volatility29 %23 %24 %
Expected term (in years, weighted)
5.95.86.1
Risk-free interest rate0.66%-1.20%0.27%-1.72%1.38%-2.61%
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units Award Activity [Table Text Block] Information related to non-vested stock awards is as follows:
Non-Vested
Stock Award Units
(in thousands)
Weighted Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Balance as of December 31, 201812,683 $22 
Granted3,656 39 
Vested(1)
(4,811)20 
Forfeited(449)27 
Balance as of December 31, 201911,079 $29 
Granted3,609 41 
Vested(1)
(4,147)25 
Forfeited(554)34 
Balance as of December 31, 20209,987 $34 
Granted4,240 $39 
Vested(1)
(3,823)$31 
Forfeited(658)36 
Balance as of December 31, 20219,745 $37 
(1)The number of shares vested includes shares withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy statutory tax withholding requirements.
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Activity [Table Text Block]
Information related to shares issued or to be issued in connection with the employee stock purchase plan based on employee contributions and the range of purchase prices is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Shares issued or to be issued (in thousands)
2,578 1,387 2,196 
Range of purchase prices$29.98 -$36.11 $29.84 $29.29-$36.47
Expense recognized (in millions)
$24 $10 $19 
Schedule of Unrecognized Compensation Cost, Nonvested Awards [Table Text Block]
We expect to recognize the following future expense for awards outstanding as of December 31, 2021:
 Unrecognized
 Compensation Cost
(in millions) (1)
Weighted Average Remaining
Vesting Period
(in years)
Stock options$36  
Non-vested stock awards178  
 $214 1.7
(1)Amounts presented represent compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures.
Market-based awards, valuation assumptions [Table Text Block]
We determined the fair value of the market-based RSU and DSU awards to be approximately $11 million for 2021, $8 million for 2020 and $10 million for 2019. We determined these fair values based on Monte Carlo simulations as of the date of grant, utilizing the following assumptions:
 202120202019
AwardsAwardsAwards
Stock price on date of grant$37.50 $42.16 $40.12 
Measurement period (in years)
2.92.92.9
Risk-free rate0.20 %1.37 %2.48 %
Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]
Information related to stock options under stock incentive plans are as follows:
Stock Options
(in thousands)
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
Outstanding as of December 31, 201825,304 $16 
Granted2,992 40 
Exercised(4,872)12 
Cancelled/forfeited(359)24 
Outstanding as of December 31, 201923,065 $19 
Granted3,819 42 
Exercised(3,096)13 
Cancelled/forfeited(666)27 
Outstanding as of December 31, 202023,122 $24 
Granted3,822 38 
Exercised(4,796)13 
Cancelled/forfeited(699)26 
Outstanding as of December 31, 202121,448 $29 5.9296 
Exercisable as of December 31, 202113,248 23 4.5263 
Expected to vest as of December 31, 20217,893 38 8.332 
Total vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 202121,141 $29 5.9$295