10-Q 1 q22013form10q.htm 10-Q Q2 2013 Form 10Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
þ
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2013
OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File No. 1-11083
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE
04-2695240
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
ONE BOSTON SCIENTIFIC PLACE, NATICK, MASSACHUSETTS 01760-1537
(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)
(508) 650-8000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer þ
Accelerated filer o
Non-Accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o
 
 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 
 
Shares outstanding
Class
 
as of July 31, 2013
Common Stock, $.01 par value
 
1,342,873,847


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
Page No.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


2

PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
in millions, except per share data
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
$
1,809

 
$
1,828

 
$
3,570

 
$
3,694

Cost of products sold
530

 
578

 
1,108

 
1,209

Gross profit
1,279

 
1,250

 
2,462

 
2,485

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
661

 
648

 
1,292

 
1,306

Research and development expenses
223

 
213

 
427

 
428

Royalty expense
47

 
48

 
87

 
96

Amortization expense
101

 
99

 
204

 
195

Goodwill impairment charges
—

 
3,602

 
423

 
3,602

Intangible asset impairment charges
53

 
129

 
53

 
129

Contingent consideration (benefit) expense
(18
)
 
1

 
(41
)
 
11

Restructuring charges
26

 
28

 
36

 
39

Litigation-related charges
—

 
69

 
130

 
69

Gain on divestiture
(34
)
 
—

 
(40
)
 
—

 
1,059

 
4,837

 
2,571

 
5,875

Operating income (loss)
220

 
(3,587
)
 
(109
)
 
(3,390
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
(65
)
 
(64
)
 
(130
)
 
(132
)
Other, net
(3
)
 
33

 
(3
)
 
27

Income (loss) before income taxes
152

 
(3,618
)
 
(242
)
 
(3,495
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
22

 
(40
)
 
(18
)
 
(30
)
Net income (loss)
$
130

 
$
(3,578
)
 
$
(224
)
 
$
(3,465
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per common share — basic
$
0.10

 
$
(2.51
)
 
$
(0.17
)
 
$
(2.42
)
Net income (loss) per common share — assuming dilution
$
0.10

 
$
(2.51
)
 
$
(0.17
)
 
$
(2.42
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
1,343.5

 
1,423.2

 
1,347.7

 
1,434.2

Assuming dilution
1,358.6

 
1,423.2

 
1,347.7

 
1,434.2


See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


3

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in millions)
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Net income (loss)
 
$
130

 
$
(3,578
)
 
$
(224
)
 
$
(3,465
)
Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
(6
)
 
(19
)
 
(3
)
 
7

Net change in unrealized gains and losses on derivative financial instruments, net of tax
 
43

 
11

 
118

 
44

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
 
37

 
(8
)
 
115

 
51

Total comprehensive income (loss)
 
$
167

 
$
(3,586
)
 
$
(109
)
 
$
(3,414
)

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


4

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
As of
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
in millions, except share and per share data
2013
 
2012
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
530

 
$
207

Trade accounts receivable, net
1,278

 
1,217

Inventories
842

 
884

Deferred income taxes
496

 
433

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
352

 
281

Total current assets
3,498

 
3,022

Property, plant and equipment, net
1,524

 
1,564

Goodwill
5,553

 
5,973

Other intangible assets, net
6,026

 
6,289

Other long-term assets
395

 
306

 
$
16,996

 
$
17,154

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Current debt obligations
$
605

 
$
4

Accounts payable
251

 
232

Accrued expenses
1,365

 
1,284

Other current liabilities
256

 
252

Total current liabilities
2,477

 
1,772

Long-term debt
3,647

 
4,252

Deferred income taxes
1,711

 
1,713

Other long-term liabilities
2,558

 
2,547

 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies

 

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $.01 par value - authorized 50,000,000 shares, none issued and outstanding


 


Common stock, $.01 par value - authorized 2,000,000,000 shares and issued 1,551,642,655 shares as of June 30, 2013 and 1,542,347,188 shares as of December 31, 2012
16

 
15

Treasury stock, at cost - 212,293,891 shares as of June 30, 2013 and 186,635,532 shares as of December 31, 2012
(1,292
)
 
(1,092
)
Additional paid-in capital
16,470

 
16,429

Accumulated deficit
(8,673
)
 
(8,449
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
82

 
(33
)
Total stockholders’ equity
6,603

 
6,870

 
$
16,996

 
$
17,154


See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
in millions
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
Cash provided by operating activities
$
559

 
$
619

 
 
 
 
Investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
(104
)
 
(118
)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
53

 
—

Purchases of privately held securities
(8
)
 
—

Purchase of notes receivable
(3
)
 
—

Payments for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
—

 
(134
)
Payments for investments in companies and acquisitions of certain technologies
(7
)
 
(1
)
Proceeds from business divestitures, net of costs
30

 
—

 
 
 
 
Cash used for investing activities
(39
)
 
(253
)
 
 
 
 
Financing activities:
 
 
 
Payments on long-term borrowings
—

 
(9
)
Payment of contingent consideration
(15
)
 
(4
)
Proceeds from borrowings on credit facilities
240

 
251

Payments on borrowings from credit facilities
(240
)
 
(260
)
Payments for acquisitions of treasury stock
(200
)
 
(250
)
Proceeds from issuances of shares of common stock
19

 
9

 
 
 
 
Cash used for financing activities
(196
)
 
(263
)
 
 
 
 
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash
(1
)
 
1

 
 
 
 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
323

 
104

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
207

 
267

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
530

 
$
371

 
 
 
 
Supplemental Information
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-cash operating activities:
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense
$
50

 
$
57


See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


6

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

NOTE A – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Boston Scientific Corporation have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Item 8 of our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K.
Effective as of January 1, 2013, we reorganized our business from geographic regions to fully operationalized global business units. Our reorganization changed our reporting structure and changed the composition of our reporting units. As a result, we have reclassified certain prior year amounts to conform to the current year’s presentation. See Note D - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets and Note L – Segment Reporting for further details.
Subsequent Events
We evaluate events occurring after the date of our most recent accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for potential recognition or disclosure in our financial statements. We did not identify any material subsequent events requiring adjustment to our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (recognized subsequent events) for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2013. Those items requiring disclosure (unrecognized subsequent events) in the financial statements have been disclosed accordingly. Refer to Note J - Commitments and Contingencies and Note F - Borrowings and Credit Arrangements for more information.

NOTE B – ACQUISITIONS
We did not close any material acquisitions during the first half of 2013. In June 2013, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Bard EP, the electrophysiology business of C.R. Bard Inc., for $275 million in cash at closing. We expect to close this transaction in the second half of 2013, subject to customary closing conditions.
2012 Acquisition
Cameron Health, Inc.
On June 8, 2012, we completed the acquisition of the remaining equity of Cameron Health, Inc. (Cameron). Cameron has developed the world's first and only commercially available subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator - the S-ICD® system.
Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operating results for the acquired entity from its respective date of acquisition. We do not present pro forma financial information for this acquisition given the results are not material to our consolidated financial statements. Transaction costs associated with this acquisition were expensed as incurred and were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.
Purchase Price Allocation
The components of the Cameron purchase price as of the acquisition date were as follows (in millions):
Cash, net of cash acquired
$
134

Fair value of contingent consideration
259

Fair value of prior interests
79

Fair value of debt assumed
9

 
$
481


7

Prior to the acquisition, we had an equity interest in Cameron and held $40 million of notes receivable. We re-measured our previously held investments to their estimated acquisition-date fair value of $79 million and recorded a gain of $39 million in other, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations during the second quarter of 2012. We measured the fair values of the previously held investments based on the liquidation preferences and priority of the equity interests and debt, including accrued interest. In addition, we prepaid the assumed debt obligation of Cameron for approximately $9 million during the second quarter of 2012.

Total consideration included an initial $150 million cash payment at closing of the transaction, a payment of $150 million upon FDA approval of the S-ICD® system and up to an additional $1.050 billion of potential payments upon achievement of specified revenue-based milestones over a six-year period following FDA approval. Due to our receipt of FDA approval of Cameron's S-ICD® system, we paid the related $150 million milestone payment to the former shareholders of Cameron during the fourth quarter of 2012.
The following summarizes the Cameron purchase price allocation (in millions):
Goodwill
$
314

Amortizable intangible assets
42

Indefinite-lived intangible assets
48

Other net assets
1

Deferred income taxes
76

 
$
481


We allocated a portion of the Cameron purchase price to specific intangible asset categories as follows:
 
Amount Assigned (in millions)
 
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in years)
 
Risk-Adjusted Discount Rates used in Purchase Price Allocation
Amortizable intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Technology-related
40

 
11
 
14.0
%
Customer relationships
2

 
5
 
14.0
%
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased research and development
48

 
 
 
14.0
%
 
90

 
 
 
 

The technology-related intangible assets consist of technical processes, intellectual property, and institutional understanding with respect to products and processes that we expect to leverage in future products or processes and carry forward from one product generation to the next. The technology-related intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their assigned estimated useful lives.

Purchased research and development represents the estimated fair value of acquired in-process research and development projects which have not yet reached technological feasibility. These indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present, in accordance with U.S. GAAP and our accounting policies described in our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K. Upon completion of the associated research and development efforts, we determine the useful life of the technology and begin amortizing the assets to reflect their use over their remaining lives. Upon receiving FDA approval for Cameron's S-ICD® system in September 2012, we reclassified approximately $47 million of in-process research and development (IPR&D) to technology-related amortizable intangible assets. The total estimated costs to complete the remaining IPR&D program associated with Cameron are immaterial.
We believe that the estimated intangible asset values represent the fair value at the date of acquisition and do not exceed the amount a third party would pay for the assets. We used the income approach, specifically the discounted cash flow method and excess earnings method, to derive the fair value of the amortizable intangible assets and purchased research and development. These fair value measurements are based on significant unobservable inputs, including management estimates and assumptions and, accordingly, are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy prescribed by ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.

8

We recorded the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identifiable assets acquired as goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill was established due primarily to revenue and cash flow projections associated with future technologies, as well as synergies expected to be gained from the integration of this business into our Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) business and was allocated to our former geographic reportable segments based on the relative expected benefit from the business combination. Effective as of January 1, 2013, we reorganized our business from geographic regions to fully operationalized global business units. Our reorganization changed our reporting structure and changed the composition of our reporting units for goodwill impairment testing purposes. Following the reorganization, based on information regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, we have three new global reportable segments consisting of: Cardiovascular, Rhythm Management, and MedSurg. See Note D - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for further details.

Contingent Consideration
Certain of our acquisitions involve contingent consideration arrangements. Payment of additional consideration is generally contingent on the acquired company reaching certain performance milestones, including attaining specified revenue levels, achieving product development targets or obtaining regulatory approvals. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we recognize a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments we expect to make as of the acquisition date. We remeasure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value through a separate line item within our consolidated statements of operations.
We recorded a net benefit related to the change in fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities of $18 million and $41 million in the second quarter and first half of 2013, respectively, and an expense of $1 million and $11 million during the second quarter and first half of 2012, respectively. We paid $15 million in the second quarter and first half of 2013, and $1 million and $4 million during the second quarter and first half of 2012, respectively. As of June 30, 2013, the maximum amount of future contingent consideration (undiscounted) that we could be required to pay is approximately $2.328 billion.
Changes in the fair value of our contingent consideration liability were as follows (in millions):
Balance as of December 31, 2012
$
(663
)
Amounts recorded to acquisition purchase accounting
(3
)
Net fair value adjustments
41

Payments made
15

Balance as of June 30, 2013
$
(610
)

Contingent consideration liabilities are remeasured to fair value each reporting period using projected revenues, discount rates, probabilities of payment and projected payment dates. The recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of our contingent consideration liability include the following significant unobservable inputs:

Contingent Consideration Liability
Fair Value as of June 30, 2013
Valuation Technique
Unobservable Input
Range
Research and Development, Regulatory and Commercialization-based Milestones
$209 million
Probability Weighted Discounted Cash Flow
Discount Rate
0.9% - 1.8%
Probability of Payment
70% - 98%
Projected Year of Payment
2013 - 2017
Revenue-based Payments
$148 million
Discounted Cash Flow
Discount Rate
12% - 18%
Probability of Payment
15% - 100%
Projected Year of Payment
2013 - 2018
$253 million
Monte Carlo
Revenue Volatility
13% - 28%
Risk Free Rate
LIBOR Term Structure
Projected Year of Payment
2013 - 2018


9

Increases or decreases in the fair value of our contingent consideration liability can result from changes in discount periods and rates, as well as changes in the timing and amount of revenue estimates or in the timing or likelihood of achieving regulatory-, revenue- or commercialization-based milestones. Projected contingent payment amounts related to research and development, regulatory- and commercialization-based milestones and certain revenue-based milestones are discounted back to the current period using a discounted cash flow (DCF) model. Other revenue-based payments are valued using a Monte Carlo valuation model, which simulates future revenues during the earn out-period using management's best estimates. Projected revenues are based on our most recent internal operational budgets and long-range strategic plans. Increases in projected revenues and probabilities of payment may result in higher fair value measurements. Increases in discount rates and the time to payment may result in lower fair value measurements. Increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation may result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.

NOTE C – DIVESTITURES
In January 2011, we closed the sale of our Neurovascular business to Stryker Corporation for a purchase price of $1.500 billion, $1.450 billion of which we received at closing. We received an additional $10 million during 2012, $30 million during the second quarter of 2013, and we will receive the final $10 million of consideration contingent upon the FDA approval of the transfer of certain manufacturing facilities, which we expect will occur during the third quarter of 2013.
Due to our continuing involvement in the operations of the Neurovascular business, the divestiture does not meet the criteria for presentation as a discontinued operation. Revenue generated by the Neurovascular business was $19 million in the second quarter of 2013, $55 million in the first half of 2013, $30 million in the second quarter of 2012, and $59 million in the first half of 2012.

NOTE D – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The gross carrying amount of goodwill and other intangible assets and the related accumulated amortization for intangible assets subject to amortization and accumulated write-offs of goodwill as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 is as follows:
 
 
As of
 
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
Gross Carrying
 
Accumulated
Amortization/
 
Gross Carrying
 
Accumulated
Amortization/
(in millions)
 
Amount
 
Write-offs
 
Amount
 
Write-offs
Amortizable intangible assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technology-related
 
$
8,045

 
$
(3,171
)
 
$
8,020

 
$
(3,005
)
Patents
 
500

 
(319
)
 
559

 
(352
)
Other intangible assets
 
810

 
(452
)
 
810

 
(428
)
 
 
$
9,355

 
$
(3,942
)
 
$
9,389

 
$
(3,785
)
Unamortizable intangible assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill
 
$
15,453

 
$
(9,900
)
 
$
15,450

 
$
(9,477
)
Technology-related
 
242

 
—

 
242

 
—

 
 
$
15,695

 
$
(9,900
)
 
$
15,692

 
$
(9,477
)

In addition, we had $371 million and $443 million of purchased research and development intangible assets as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
2013 Reorganization
We assess goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. Effective as of January 1, 2013, we reorganized our business from geographic regions to fully operationalized global business units. Our reorganization changed our reporting structure and changed the composition of our reporting units for goodwill impairment testing purposes. Following the reorganization, based on information regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, we have three new global reportable segments consisting of: Cardiovascular, Rhythm Management, and MedSurg. We determined our new global reporting units by identifying our operating segments and assessing whether any components of these segments constituted a business for which discrete financial information is available and whether segment management regularly reviews the operating results of any components. Through this process, we identified the following new global reporting units effective as of January 1, 2013: Interventional Cardiology, Peripheral Interventions, Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM), Electrophysiology, Endoscopy, Urology/Women's Health, and Neuromodulation.

10

To determine the amount of goodwill within our new global reporting units, on a relative fair value basis we reallocated $1.764 billion of goodwill previously allocated to our former Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA), Asia Pacific, Japan, and Americas international reporting units to our new global reporting units. In addition, we reallocated the goodwill previously allocated to the former U.S. divisional reporting units to each respective new global reporting unit, with the exception of the goodwill allocated to the former U.S. Cardiovascular reporting unit. The $2.380 billion of goodwill allocated to the former U.S. Cardiovascular reporting unit was reallocated between the new global Interventional Cardiology and global Peripheral Interventions reporting units on a relative fair value basis.
The following represents our goodwill balance by new global reportable segment. We restated the prior period information to conform to the current presentation:
(in millions)
 
Cardiovascular
 
Rhythm Management
 
MedSurg
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2012 (restated)
 
$
3,249

 
$
577

 
$
2,147

 
$
5,973

Purchase price adjustments
 
3

 
—

 
—

 
3

Goodwill acquired
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Goodwill written off
 
—

 
(423
)
 
—

 
(423
)
Balance as of June 30, 2013
 
$
3,252

 
$
154

 
$
2,147

 
$
5,553

2013 Goodwill Impairment Testing and Charge
We test our goodwill balances during the second quarter of each year for impairment, or more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. Following our reorganization from regions to global business units and our reallocation of goodwill on a relative fair value basis, we conducted the first step of the goodwill impairment test for all new global reporting units as of January 1, 2013. The first step requires a comparison of the carrying value of the reporting units to the fair value of these units. The fair value of each new global reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, with the exception of the global CRM reporting unit. The global CRM reporting unit carrying value exceeded its fair value primarily due to the carrying value of its amortizable intangible assets. The carrying value of amortizable intangible assets allocated to the global CRM reporting unit was $4.636 billion as of January 1, 2013. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), we tested the global CRM amortizable intangible assets for impairment in conjunction with the interim goodwill impairment test of our global CRM reporting unit. We performed the impairment analysis of the amortizable intangible assets on an undiscounted cash flow basis, and concluded that these assets were not impaired.
The second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the estimated fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill to its carrying value. We performed the second step of the goodwill impairment test on the global CRM reporting unit and recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $423 million to write-down the goodwill to its implied fair value as of January 1, 2013. The primary driver of this impairment charge was our reorganization from geographic regions to global business units as of January 1, 2013, which changed the composition of our reporting units. As a result of the reorganization, any goodwill allocated to the global CRM reporting unit was no longer supported by the cash flows of other businesses. Under our former reporting unit structure, the goodwill allocated to our regional reporting units was supported by the cash flows from all businesses in each international region. The hypothetical tax structure of the global CRM business and the global CRM business discount rate applied were also contributing factors to the goodwill impairment charge. We finalized the second step of the global CRM goodwill impairment test during the second quarter of 2013, in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, and determined that no adjustments to the charge were required. After recording the impairment charge in the first quarter of 2013, there was no remaining goodwill allocated to the global CRM reporting unit as of March 31, 2013.

The goodwill impairment charge taken during the first quarter of 2013 was determined on a global CRM basis pursuant to our new organizational structure. We used the income approach, specifically the DCF method, to derive the fair value of the global CRM reporting unit. We completed a DCF model associated with our new global CRM business, including the amount and timing of future expected cash flows, tax attributes, the terminal value growth rate of approximately two percent and the appropriate market-participant risk-adjusted weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of approximately 12 percent.

11

In the second quarter of 2013, we performed our annual goodwill impairment test for all of our reporting units. In conjunction with our annual test, the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value except CRM, for which no goodwill remains. Therefore, it was deemed not necessary to proceed to the second step of the impairment test. We continue to identify our global Neuromodulation reporting unit as being at higher risk of potential failure of the first step of the goodwill impairment test in future reporting periods. Our global Neuromodulation reporting unit had excess fair value over carrying value of approximately 16 percent and held $1.356 billion of allocated goodwill as of June 30, 2013. In addition, changes in our reporting units or in the structure of our business as a result of future reorganizations, acquisitions or divestitures of assets or businesses could result in future impairments of goodwill within our reporting units including global CRM. Further, the recoverability of our CRM-related amortizable intangibles ($4.510 billion globally as of June 30, 2013) is sensitive to future cash flow assumptions and our global CRM business performance. The $4.510 billion of CRM-related amortizable intangibles are at higher risk of potential failure of the first step of the amortizable intangible recoverability test in future reporting periods. An impairment of a material portion of our CRM-related amortizable intangibles carrying value would occur if the second step of the amortizable intangible test is required in a future reporting period. Refer to Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates within our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of key assumptions used in our testing.
On a quarterly basis, we monitor the key drivers of fair value to detect events or other changes that would warrant an interim impairment test of our goodwill and intangible assets. The key variables that drive the cash flows of our reporting units and amortizable intangibles are estimated revenue growth rates and levels of profitability. Terminal value growth rate assumptions, as well as the WACC rate applied are additional key variables for reporting unit cash flows. These assumptions are subject to uncertainty, including our ability to grow revenue and improve profitability levels. Relatively small declines in the future performance and cash flows of a reporting unit or asset group or small changes in other key assumptions may result in the recognition of significant asset impairment charges. For example, keeping all other variables constant, an increase in the WACC applied of 80 basis points or a 200 basis point decrease in the terminal value growth rate would require that we perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test for the global Neuromodulation reporting unit. The estimates used for our future cash flows and discount rates represent management's best estimates, which we believe to be reasonable, but future declines in business performance may impair the recoverability of our goodwill and intangible asset balances.
Future events that could have a negative impact on the levels of excess fair value over carrying value of our reporting units and/or amortizable intangible assets include, but are not limited to:
•
decreases in estimated market sizes or market growth rates due to greater-than-expected declines in procedural volumes, pricing pressures, product actions, and/or competitive technology developments;
•
declines in our market share and penetration assumptions due to increased competition, an inability to develop or launch new and next-generation products and technology features in line with our commercialization strategies, and market and/or regulatory conditions that may cause significant launch delays or product recalls;
•
decreases in our forecasted profitability due to an inability to successfully implement and achieve timely and sustainable cost improvement measures consistent with our expectations, increases in our market-participant tax rate, and/or changes in tax laws;
•
negative developments in intellectual property litigation that may impact our ability to market certain products or increase our costs to sell certain products;
•
the level of success of on-going and future research and development efforts, including those related to recent acquisitions, and increases in the research and development costs necessary to obtain regulatory approvals and launch new products;
•
the level of success in managing the growth of acquired companies, achieving sustained profitability consistent with our expectations, establishing government and third-party payer reimbursement, supplying the market, and increases in the costs and time necessary to integrate acquired businesses into our operations successfully;
•
changes in our reporting units or in the structure of our business as a result of future reorganizations, acquisitions or divestitures of assets or businesses;
•
increases in our market-participant risk-adjusted WACC; and
•
declines in revenue as a result of loss of key members of our sales force or other key personnel.
Negative changes in one or more of these factors, among others, could result in additional impairment charges.

12

2012 Charge
In the second quarter of 2012, we performed our annual goodwill impairment test for all of our reporting units and concluded that the goodwill within our former EMEA reporting unit was impaired and recorded a $3.602 billion ($3.579 billion after-tax) charge in the second quarter of 2012. As a result of revised estimates developed during our annual strategic planning process and analysis performed in conjunction with our annual goodwill impairment test, we concluded that the revenue growth rates projected for the EMEA reporting unit were slightly lower than our previous estimates primarily driven by macro-economic factors and our performance in the European market. We updated short-term operating projections based on our most recent strategic plan for EMEA prepared by management. We reduced the EMEA long-term growth rates and terminal value growth rate projections and increased the discount rate within our 15-year DCF model for EMEA by approximately 100 basis points due to increased risk associated with our projections in this market primarily as a result of on-going economic uncertainty in Europe. While we do expect revenue growth in our EMEA business, our expectations for future growth and profitability were lower than our previous estimates and reflect declines in average selling prices and volume pressures due to austerity measures. The declines expected in the EMEA market did not impact our assumptions related to other reporting units.
The following is a rollforward of accumulated goodwill write-offs by global reportable segment. We restated the prior period information to conform to the current period presentation:
(in millions)
Cardiovascular
 
Rhythm Management
 
MedSurg
 
Total
Accumulated write-offs as of December 31, 2012 (restated)
$
(1,479
)
 
$
(6,537
)
 
$
(1,461
)
 
$
(9,477
)
Goodwill written off
—

 
(423
)
 
—

 
(423
)
Accumulated write-offs as of June 30, 2013
$
(1,479
)
 
$
(6,960
)
 
$
(1,461
)
 
$
(9,900
)

Intangible Asset Impairment Testing

During the second quarters of 2013 and 2012, as a result of revised estimates developed in conjunction with our annual strategic planning process and annual goodwill impairment test, we performed an interim impairment test of our in-process research and development projects associated with certain of our acquisitions. Based on the results of our impairment analyses, we revised our expectations of the market size related to Sadra Medical, Inc. (Sadra), and the resulting timing and amount of future revenue and cash flows associated with the technology acquired from Sadra Medical, Inc. As a result of these changes, we recorded pre-tax impairment charges of $51 million in the second quarter of 2013 and $129 million in the second quarter of 2012 to write-down the balance of these intangible assets to their fair value in each respective period. During the second quarter of 2013, we also recorded an additional $2 million intangible asset impairment charge associated with changes in the amount of the expected cash flows related to certain other acquired in-process research and development projects. We recorded these amounts in the intangible assets impairment charges caption in our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In-process research and development fair value is measured using projected revenues, projected expenses, discount rates, and
probability of expected launch. The nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements of our intangible asset impairment
analysis included the following significant unobservable inputs:
Intangible Asset
Valuation Date
Fair Value
Valuation Technique
Unobservable Input
Rate
In-Process R&D
June 30, 2013
$178 million
Income Approach - Excess Earnings Method
Discount Rate
16.5%
In-Process R&D
June 30, 2012
$184 million
Income Approach - Excess Earnings Method
Discount Rate
20.0%
 
 
 
 
 


13

NOTE E – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We develop, manufacture and sell medical devices globally and our earnings and cash flows are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We address these risks through a risk management program that includes the use of derivative financial instruments, and operate the program pursuant to documented corporate risk management policies. We recognize all derivative financial instruments in our consolidated financial statements at fair value in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). In accordance with Topic 815, for those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, the hedging instrument must be designated, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e. gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, further, on the type of hedging relationship. Our derivative instruments do not subject our earnings or cash flows to material risk, as gains and losses on these derivatives generally offset losses and gains on the item being hedged. We do not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes and we do not have any non-derivative instruments that are designated as hedging instruments pursuant to Topic 815.
Currency Hedging
We are exposed to currency risk consisting primarily of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, forecasted foreign currency denominated intercompany and third-party transactions and net investments in certain subsidiaries. We manage our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates on a consolidated basis to take advantage of offsetting transactions. We use both derivative instruments (currency forward contracts), and non-derivative transactions (primarily European manufacturing and distribution operations) to reduce the risk that our earnings and cash flows associated with these foreign currency denominated balances and transactions will be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate changes.
Designated Foreign Currency Hedges
All of our designated currency hedge contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were cash flow hedges under Topic 815 intended to protect the U.S. dollar value of our forecasted foreign currency denominated transactions. We record the effective portion of any change in the fair value of foreign currency cash flow hedges in other comprehensive income (OCI) until the related third-party transaction occurs. Once the related third-party transaction occurs, we reclassify the effective portion of any related gain or loss on the foreign currency cash flow hedge to earnings. In the event the hedged forecasted transaction does not occur, or it becomes no longer probable that it will occur, we reclassify the amount of any gain or loss on the related cash flow hedge to earnings at that time. We had currency derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges outstanding in the contract amount of $2.750 billion as of June 30, 2013 and $2.469 billion as of December 31, 2012.
We recognized net gains of $6 million in earnings on our cash flow hedges during the second quarter of 2013 and $1 million for the first half of 2013, as compared to net losses of $10 million during the second quarter of 2012 and $26 million for the first half of 2012. All currency cash flow hedges outstanding as of June 30, 2013 mature within 36 months. As of June 30, 2013, $150 million of net gains, net of tax, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to recognize the effective portion of the fair value of any currency derivative instruments that are, or previously were, designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges, as compared to net gains of $31 million as of December 31, 2012. As of June 30, 2013, $64 million of net gains, net of tax, may be reclassified to earnings within the next twelve months.
The success of our hedging program depends, in part, on forecasts of transaction activity in various currencies (primarily Japanese yen, Euro, British pound sterling, Australian dollar and Canadian dollar). We may experience unanticipated currency exchange gains or losses to the extent that there are differences between forecasted and actual activity during periods of currency volatility. In addition, changes in foreign currency exchange rates related to any unhedged transactions may impact our earnings and cash flows.
Non-designated Foreign Currency Contracts
We use currency forward contracts as a part of our strategy to manage exposure related to foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. These currency forward contracts are not designated as cash flow, fair value or net investment hedges under Topic 815; are marked-to-market with changes in fair value recorded to earnings; and are entered into for periods consistent with currency transaction exposures, generally less than one year. We had currency derivative instruments not designated as hedges under Topic 815 outstanding in the contract amount of $2.271 billion as of June 30, 2013 and $1.942 billion as of December 31, 2012.

14

Interest Rate Hedging
Our interest rate risk relates primarily to U.S. dollar borrowings, partially offset by U.S. dollar cash investments. We have historically used interest rate derivative instruments to manage our earnings and cash flow exposure to changes in interest rates by converting floating-rate debt into fixed-rate debt or fixed-rate debt into floating-rate debt.
We designate these derivative instruments either as fair value or cash flow hedges under Topic 815. We record changes in the value of fair value hedges in interest expense, which is generally offset by changes in the fair value of the hedged debt obligation. Interest payments made or received related to our interest rate derivative instruments are included in interest expense. We record the effective portion of any change in the fair value of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges as unrealized gains or losses in OCI, net of tax, until the hedged cash flow occurs, at which point the effective portion of any gain or loss is reclassified to earnings. We record the ineffective portion of our cash flow hedges in interest expense. In the event the hedged cash flow does not occur, or it becomes no longer probable that it will occur, we reclassify the amount of any gain or loss on the related cash flow hedge to interest expense at that time. We had no interest rate derivative contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012.
In prior years, we terminated certain interest rate derivative contracts, including fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts, designated as fair value hedges, and floating-to-fixed treasury locks, designated as cash flow hedges. We are amortizing the gains and losses on these derivative instruments upon termination into earnings as a reduction of interest expense over the remaining term of the hedged debt, in accordance with Topic 815. The carrying amount of certain of our senior notes included unamortized gains of $59 million as of June 30, 2013 and $64 million as of December 31, 2012, and unamortized losses of $3 million as of June 30, 2013 and $3 million as of December 31, 2012, related to the fixed-to-floating interest rate contracts. In addition, we had pre-tax net gains within AOCI related to terminated floating-to-fixed treasury locks of $4 million as of June 30, 2013 and $4 million as of December 31, 2012. We recorded $2 million during the second quarter of 2013 and $5 million during the first half of 2013 as a reduction to interest expense, resulting from the amortization of previously terminated interest rate derivative contracts. As of June 30, 2013, $10 million of pre-tax net gains may be reclassified to earnings within the next twelve months as a reduction to interest expense from amortization of our previously terminated interest rate derivative contracts.
Counterparty Credit Risk
We do not have significant concentrations of credit risk arising from our derivative financial instruments, whether from an individual counterparty or a related group of counterparties. We manage our concentration of counterparty credit risk on our derivative instruments by limiting acceptable counterparties to a diversified group of major financial institutions with investment grade credit ratings, limiting the amount of credit exposure to each counterparty, and by actively monitoring their credit ratings and outstanding fair values on an on-going basis. Furthermore, none of our derivative transactions are subject to collateral or other security arrangements and none contain provisions that are dependent on our credit ratings from any credit rating agency.
We also employ master netting arrangements that reduce our counterparty payment settlement risk on any given maturity date to the net amount of any receipts or payments due between us and the counterparty financial institution. Thus, the maximum loss due to counterparty credit risk is limited to the unrealized gains in such contracts net of any unrealized losses should any of these counterparties fail to perform as contracted. Although these protections do not eliminate concentrations of credit risk, as a result of the above considerations, we do not consider the risk of counterparty default to be significant.

15

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
The following presents the effect of our derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges under Topic 815 on our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations during the second quarter and first half of 2013 and 2012 (in millions):

 
Amount of Pre-tax
Gain (Loss)
Recognized in OCI
(Effective Portion)
 
Amount of Pre-tax Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings
(Effective Portion)
 
Location in Statement of
Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
Currency hedge contracts
$
76

 
$
6

 
Cost of products sold
 
$
76

 
$
6

 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
Currency hedge contracts
$
10

 
$
(10
)
 
Cost of products sold
 
$
10

 
$
(10
)
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
Currency hedge contracts
$
190

 
$
1

 
Cost of products sold
 
$
190

 
$
1

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
Currency hedge contracts
$
46

 
$
(26
)
 
Cost of products sold
 
$
46

 
$
(26
)
 
 

The amount of gain (loss) recognized in earnings related to the ineffective portion of hedging relationships was de minimis for all periods presented.

Net gains and losses on currency hedge contracts not designated as hedging instruments were offset by net losses and gains from foreign currency transaction exposures, as shown in the following table:

(in millions)
 
Location in Statement of Operations
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Gain (loss) on currency hedge contracts
 
Other, net
 
$
29

 
$
12

 
$
54

 
$
15

Gain (loss) on foreign currency transaction exposures
 
Other, net
 
(29
)
 
(19
)
 
(56
)
 
(25
)
Net foreign currency gain (loss)
 
Other, net
 
$
—

 
$
(7
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(10
)
Topic 815 requires all derivative instruments to be recognized at their fair values as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. We determine the fair value of our derivative instruments using the framework prescribed by ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820), by considering the estimated amount we would receive or pay to transfer these instruments at the reporting date and by taking into account current interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, the creditworthiness of the counterparty for assets, and our creditworthiness for liabilities. In certain instances, we may utilize financial models to measure fair value. Generally, we use inputs that include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; other observable inputs for the asset or liability; and inputs derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means. As of June 30, 2013, we have classified all of our derivative assets and liabilities within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy prescribed by Topic 820, as discussed below, because these observable inputs are available for substantially the full term of our derivative instruments.

16

The following are the balances of our derivative assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

 
 
As of
(in millions)
Location in Balance Sheet (1)
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Derivative Assets:
 
 
 
 
Designated Hedging Instruments
 
 
 
 
Currency hedge contracts
Prepaid and other current assets
$
98

 
$
25

Currency hedge contracts
Other long-term assets
137

 
63

 
 
235

 
88

Non-Designated Hedging Instruments
 
 
 
 
Currency hedge contracts
Prepaid and other current assets
32

 
33

Total Derivative Assets
 
$
267

 
$
121

 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Designated Hedging Instruments
 
 
 
 
Currency hedge contracts
Other current liabilities
$
3

 
$
20

Currency hedge contracts
Other long-term liabilities
—

 
10

 
 
3

 
30

Non-Designated Hedging Instruments
 
 
 
 
Currency hedge contracts
Other current liabilities
21

 
27

Total Derivative Liabilities
 
$
24

 
$
57

(1)
We classify derivative assets and liabilities as current when the remaining term of the derivative contract is one year or less.

Other Fair Value Measurements
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
On a recurring basis, we measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value based upon quoted market prices, where available. Where quoted market prices or other observable inputs are not available, we apply valuation techniques to estimate fair value. Topic 820 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The categorization of financial assets and financial liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement of fair value. The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:
•
Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities.
•
Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are other observable inputs, including quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities and market-corroborated inputs.
•
Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs based on management’s best estimate of inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date, including assumptions about risk.

17

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of the following as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

 
As of June 30, 2013
 
As of December 31, 2012
(in millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market and government funds
$
102

 
—

 
—

 
$
102

 
$
39

 
—

 
—

 
$
39

Currency hedge contracts
—

 
$
267

 
—

 
267

 
—

 
$
121

 
—

 
121

 
$
102

 
$
267

 
—

 
$
369

 
$
39

 
$
121

 
—

 
$
160

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency hedge contracts
—

 
$
24

 
—

 
$
24

 
—

 
$
57

 
—

 
$
57

Accrued contingent consideration
—

 
—

 
$
610

 
610

 
—

 
—

 
$
663

 
663

 
—

 
$
24

 
$
610

 
$
634

 
—

 
$
57

 
$
663

 
$
720


Our investments in money market and government funds are generally classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices. These investments are classified as cash and cash equivalents within our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, in accordance with U.S. GAAP and our accounting policies.

In addition to $102 million invested in money market and government funds as of June 30, 2013, we had $272 million in short-term time deposits and $156 million in interest bearing and non-interest bearing bank accounts. In addition to $39 million invested in money market and government funds as of December 31, 2012, we had $168 million in interest bearing and non-interest bearing bank accounts.
Changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the first three months of 2013 related solely to our contingent consideration liabilities. Refer to Note B - Acquisitions for a discussion of the fair value measurements related to our contingent consideration liabilities.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
We have certain assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis in periods subsequent to initial recognition. The fair value of a cost method investment is not estimated if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. The aggregate carrying amount of our cost method investments was $21 million as of June 30, 2013 and $13 million as of December 31, 2012.
During the second quarter of 2013, we recorded $53 million of intangible asset impairment charges, representing a decrease in the estimated fair value of the related intangible asset balances. During the first quarter of 2013, we recorded a $423 million charge to adjust our goodwill balances to their fair value. As a result, during the first half of 2013, we recorded $476 million of losses, to adjust our goodwill and certain other intangible asset balances to their fair value. Refer to Note D - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, for further detailed information related to these charges and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
The fair value of our outstanding debt obligations was $4.684 billion as of June 30, 2013 and $4.793 billion as of December 31, 2012, which was determined by using primarily quoted market prices for our publicly registered senior notes, classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note F – Borrowings and Credit Arrangements for a discussion of our debt obligations.


18

NOTE F – BORROWINGS AND CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS
We had total debt of $4.252 billion as of June 30, 2013 and $4.256 billion as of December 31, 2012. The debt maturity schedule for the significant components of our debt obligations as of June 30, 2013 is as follows:

 
 
 
 
(in millions)
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
2017
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Senior notes
—

 
$
600

 
$
1,250

 
$
600

 
$
250

 
$
1,500

 
$
4,200

 
—

 
$
600

 
$
1,250

 
$
600

 
$
250

 
$
1,500

 
$
4,200

 
Note:
The table above does not include unamortized discounts associated with our senior notes, or amounts related to interest rate contracts used to hedge the fair value of certain of our senior notes.
Revolving Credit Facility
We maintain a $2.0 billion revolving credit facility, maturing in April 2017, with a global syndicate of commercial banks. Eurodollar and multicurrency loans under this revolving credit facility bear interest at LIBOR plus an interest margin of between 0.875 percent and 1.475 percent, based on our corporate credit ratings and consolidated leverage ratio (1.275 percent as of June 30, 2013). In addition, we are required to pay a facility fee based on our credit ratings, consolidated leverage ratio, and the total amount of revolving credit commitments, regardless of usage, under the agreement (0.225 percent as of June 30, 2013). There were no amounts borrowed under our revolving credit facility as of June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012.
Our revolving credit facility agreement in place as of June 30, 2013 requires that we maintain certain financial covenants, as follows:
 
Covenant
Requirement
 
Actual as of
June 30, 2013
Maximum leverage ratio (1)
3.5 times
 
2.4 times
Minimum interest coverage ratio (2)
3.0 times
 
6.9 times

(1)
Ratio of total debt to consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the credit agreement, for the preceding four consecutive fiscal quarters.
(2)
Ratio of consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the credit agreement, to interest expense for the preceding four consecutive fiscal quarters.
The credit agreement provides for an exclusion from the calculation of consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the agreement, through the credit agreement maturity, of any non-cash charges up to $500 million in restructuring charges and restructuring-related expenses related to our current or future restructuring plans. As of June 30, 2013, we had $312 million of the restructuring charge exclusion remaining. In addition, any cash litigation payments (net of any cash litigation receipts), as defined by the agreement, are excluded from the calculation of consolidated EBITDA and any new debt issued to fund any tax deficiency payments is excluded from consolidated total debt, as defined in the agreement, provided that the sum of any excluded net cash litigation payments and any new debt issued to fund any tax deficiency payments shall not exceed $2.3 billion in the aggregate. As of June 30, 2013, we had approximately $2.290 billion of the combined legal and debt exclusion remaining. As of and through June 30, 2013, we were in compliance with the required covenants.
Any inability to maintain compliance with these covenants could require us to seek to renegotiate the terms of our credit facilities or seek waivers from compliance with these covenants, both of which could result in additional borrowing costs. Further, there can be no assurance that our lenders would agree to such new terms or grant such waivers.
Term Loan
In August 2013, we entered into a new $400 million, unsecured term loan facility. Term loan borrowings under this facility bear interest at LIBOR plus an interest margin of between 1.0 percent and 1.75 percent (currently 1.5 percent), based on our corporate credit ratings and consolidated leverage ratio. The term loan borrowings are payable over a 5-year period, with quarterly principal payments of $20 million commencing in the first quarter of 2016 and the remaining principal amount due at the final maturity date in August 2018, and are repayable at any time without premium or penalty. Our term loan facility requires that we comply with certain covenants, including financial covenants with respect to maximum leverage and minimum interest coverage, which are consistent with the corresponding covenants in our existing revolving credit facility.

19

We intend to use the net proceeds from this facility to redeem a portion of our 5.45% notes due June 15, 2014, of which $600 million aggregate principal amount is outstanding, and to pay related fees, expenses and premiums.
Senior Notes
We had senior notes outstanding of $4.200 billion as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. These notes are publicly registered securities, are redeemable prior to maturity and are not subject to any sinking fund requirements. Our senior notes are unsecured, unsubordinated obligations and rank on parity with each other. These notes are effectively junior to borrowings under our credit and security facility and liabilities of our subsidiaries (see Other Arrangements below).
Other Arrangements
We also maintain a credit and security facility secured by our U.S. trade receivables. In June 2013, we extended the maturity of this facility through June 2015, subject to further extension, reduced the size of the facility from $350 million to $300 million and added a maximum leverage covenant consistent with our revolving credit facility. The maximum leverage ratio requirement is 3.5 times, our actual leverage ratio as of June 30, 2013 is 2.4 times. We had no borrowings outstanding under this facility as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
We have accounts receivable factoring programs in certain European countries that we account for as sales under ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing. These agreements provide for the sale of accounts receivable to third parties, without recourse, of up to approximately $296 million as of June 30, 2013. We have no retained interests in the transferred receivables, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable are no longer available to satisfy creditors in the event of bankruptcy. We de-recognized $189 million of receivables as of June 30, 2013 at an average interest rate of 3.5 percent, and $191 million as of December 31, 2012 at an average interest rate of 1.6 percent. Within Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece the number of days our receivables are outstanding has increased above historical levels. We believe we have adequate allowances for doubtful accounts related to our Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece accounts receivable; however, we continue to monitor the European economic environment for any collectibility issues related to our outstanding receivables. As of June 30, 2013, our net receivables in these countries greater than 180 days past due totaled $66 million, of which $18 million were past due greater than 365 days.
In addition, we have uncommitted credit facilities with a commercial Japanese bank that provide for borrowings, promissory notes discounting, and receivables factoring of up to 21.0 billion Japanese yen (approximately $212 million as of June 30, 2013). We de-recognized $158 million of notes receivable as of June 30, 2013 at an average interest rate of 1.8 percent and $182 million of notes receivable as of December 31, 2012 at an average interest rate of 1.6 percent. De-recognized accounts and notes receivable are excluded from trade accounts receivable, net in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As of June 30, 2013, we had outstanding letters of credit of $93 million, as compared to $94 million as of December 31, 2012, which consisted primarily of bank guarantees and collateral for workers' compensation insurance arrangements. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, none of the beneficiaries had drawn upon the letters of credit or guarantees; accordingly, we did not recognize a related liability for our outstanding letters of credit in our consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012. We believe we will generate sufficient cash from operations to fund these payments and intend to fund these payments without drawing on the letters of credit.

NOTE G – RESTRUCTURING-RELATED ACTIVITIES
On an on-going basis, we monitor the dynamics of the economy, the healthcare industry, and the markets in which we compete. We continue to assess opportunities for improved operational effectiveness and efficiency, and better alignment of expenses with revenues, while preserving our ability to make the investments in research and development projects, capital and our people that we believe are essential to our long-term success. As a result of these assessments, we have undertaken various restructuring initiatives in order to enhance our growth potential and position us for long-term success. These initiatives are described below.

20

2011 Restructuring plan
On July 26, 2011, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, a restructuring initiative (the 2011 Restructuring plan) designed to strengthen operational effectiveness and efficiencies, increase competitiveness and support new investments, thereby increasing stockholder value. Key activities under the 2011 Restructuring plan include standardizing and automating certain processes and activities; relocating select administrative and functional activities; rationalizing organizational reporting structures; leveraging preferred vendors; and other efforts to eliminate inefficiency. Among these efforts, we are expanding our ability to deliver best-in-class global shared services for certain functions and divisions at several locations in emerging markets. This action is intended to enable us to grow our global commercial presence in key geographies and take advantage of many cost-reducing and productivity-enhancing opportunities. In addition, we are undertaking efforts to streamline various corporate functions, eliminate bureaucracy, increase productivity and better align corporate resources to our key business strategies. On January 25, 2013, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, an expansion of the 2011 Restructuring plan (the Expansion). The Expansion is intended to further strengthen our operational effectiveness and efficiencies and support new investments. Activities under the 2011 Restructuring plan were initiated in the third quarter of 2011 and all activities, including those related to the Expansion, are expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2013.
We estimate that the 2011 Restructuring plan, including the Expansion, will result in total pre-tax charges of approximately $300 million to $355 million, and that approximately $270 million to $300 million of these charges will result in future cash outlays, of which we have made payments of $198 million, which were partially offset by proceeds of $53 million on facility and fixed asset sales, as of June 30, 2013. As of June 30, 2013, we recorded costs of $234 million since the inception of the 2011 Restructuring plan, including the Expansion, and recorded a portion of these expenses as restructuring charges and the remaining portion through other lines within our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following provides a summary of our expected total costs associated with the 2011 Restructuring plan, including the Expansion, by major type of cost:

Type of cost
Total estimated amount expected to
be incurred
Restructuring charges:
 
Termination benefits
$185 million to $210 million
Other (1)
$70 million to $90 million
Restructuring-related expenses:
 
Other (2)
$45 million to $55 million
 
$300 million to $355 million
(1)
Includes primarily consulting fees, gains and losses on disposals of fixed assets and costs associated with contractual cancellations.
(2)
Comprised of other costs directly related to the 2011 Restructuring plan, including the Expansion, such as program management, accelerated depreciation, retention and infrastructure-related costs.

2010 Restructuring plan
On February 6, 2010, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, a series of management changes and restructuring initiatives (the 2010 Restructuring plan) designed to focus our business, drive innovation, accelerate profitable revenue growth and increase both accountability and stockholder value. Key activities under the 2010 Restructuring plan included the restructuring of certain of our businesses and corporate functions; the re-alignment of our international structure to reduce our administrative costs and invest in expansion opportunities including significant investments in emerging markets; and the re-prioritization and diversification of our product portfolio. Activities under the 2010 Restructuring plan were initiated in the first quarter of 2010 and were complete by the end of 2012.
The execution of the 2010 Restructuring plan resulted in total pre-tax charges of $160 million, and required cash outlays of $145 million.

21

The following provides a summary of our costs associated with the 2010 Restructuring plan by major type of cost:

Type of cost
Total amount incurred
Restructuring charges:
 
Termination benefits
$90 million
Fixed asset write-offs
$11 million
Other (1)
$51 million
Restructuring-related expenses:
 
Other (2)
$8 million
 
$160 million

(1)
Includes primarily consulting fees and costs associated with contractual cancellations.
(2)
Comprised of other costs directly related to the 2010 Restructuring plan, including accelerated depreciation and infrastructure-related costs.
Plant Network Optimization program
In January 2009, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, a plant network optimization initiative (the Plant Network Optimization program), intended to simplify our manufacturing plant structure by transferring certain production lines among facilities and by closing certain other facilities. The program was a complement to the restructuring initiatives approved by our Board of Directors in 2007, and was intended to improve overall gross profit margins. Activities under the Plant Network Optimization program were initiated in the first quarter of 2009 and were substantially completed during 2012.
We estimate that the execution of the Plant Network Optimization program will result in total pre-tax charges of approximately $130 million, and that approximately $105 million to $110 million of these charges will result in cash outlays, of which we made payments of $103 million as of June 30, 2013. As of June 30, 2013, we recorded costs of $127 million since the inception of the plan, and recorded a portion of these expenses as restructuring charges and the remaining portion through cost of products sold within our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following provides a summary of our estimates of costs associated with the Plant Network Optimization program by major type of cost:

Type of cost
Total estimated amount expected to
be incurred
Restructuring charges:
 
Termination benefits
$33 million
Restructuring-related expenses:
 
Accelerated depreciation
$22 million
Transfer costs (1)
$75 million
 
$130 million

(1)
Consists primarily of costs to transfer product lines among facilities, including costs of transfer teams, freight, idle facility and product line validations.
In the aggregate, we recorded net restructuring charges pursuant to our restructuring plans of $26 million in the second quarter of 2013, $28 million in the second quarter of 2012, $36 million in the first half of 2013, and $39 million in the first half of 2012. During the first half of 2013, our restructuring charges were partially offset by a $19 million gain recognized on the sale of our Natick, Massachusetts headquarters. We are currently in the process of consolidating our Natick, Massachusetts headquarters into our Marlborough, Massachusetts location, where we are establishing a new global headquarters campus. In addition, we recorded expenses within other lines of our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations related to our restructuring initiatives of $5 million in the second quarter of 2013 and $5 million in the second quarter of 2012, and $10 million in the first half of 2013 and $11 million in the first half of 2012.

22

The following presents these costs (credits) by major type and line item within our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, as well as by program:

Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Termination
Benefits
 
Accelerated
Depreciation
 
Transfer
Costs
 
Fixed Asset
Write-offs
 
Other
 
Total
Restructuring charges
$
13

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
13

 
$
26

Restructuring-related expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Selling, general and administrative expenses
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
4

 
5

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
4

 
5

 
$
13

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
17

 
$
31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Termination
Benefits
 
Accelerated
Depreciation
 
Transfer
Costs
 
Fixed Asset
Write-offs
 
Other
 
Total
2011 Restructuring plan
$
15

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
17

 
$
33

2010 Restructuring plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Plant Network Optimization program
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
$
13

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
17

 
$
31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Termination
Benefits
 
Accelerated
Depreciation
 
Transfer
Costs
 
Fixed Asset
Write-offs
 
Other
 
Total
Restructuring charges
$
22

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
6

 
$
28

Restructuring-related expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold
—

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
2

Selling, general and administrative expenses
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3

 
3

 
—

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
3

 
5

 
$
22

 
$
—

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
$
9

 
$
33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Termination
Benefits
 
Accelerated
Depreciation
 
Transfer
Costs
 
Fixed Asset
Write-offs
 
Other
 
Total
2011 Restructuring plan
$
20

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
8

 
$
28

2010 Restructuring plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
1

Plant Network Optimization program
2

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
4

 
$
22

 
$
—

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
$
9

 
$
33


23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Termination
Benefits
 
Accelerated
Depreciation
 
Transfer
Costs
 
Fixed Asset
Write-offs
 
Other
 
Total
Restructuring charges
$
21

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(16
)
 
$
31

 
$
36

Restructuring-related expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Selling, general and administrative expenses
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
9

 
10

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
9

 
10

 
$
21

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
(16
)
 
$
40

 
$
46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Termination
Benefits
 
Accelerated
Depreciation
 
Transfer
Costs
 
Fixed Asset
Write-offs
 
Other
 
Total
2011 Restructuring plan
$
25

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
(16
)
 
$
40

 
$
50

2010 Restructuring plan
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Plant Network Optimization program
(4
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4
)
 
$
21

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
(16
)
 
$
40

 
$
46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Termination
Benefits
 
Accelerated
Depreciation
 
Transfer
Costs
 
Fixed Asset
Write-offs
 
Other
 
Total
Restructuring charges
$
20

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
19

 
$
39

Restructuring-related expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold
—

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
—

 
6

Selling, general and administrative expenses
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5

 
5

 
—

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
5

 
11

 
$
20

 
$
—

 
$
6

 
$
—

 
$
24

 
$
50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Termination
Benefits
 
Accelerated
Depreciation
 
Transfer
Costs
 
Fixed Asset
Write-offs
 
Other
 
Total
2011 Restructuring plan
$
22

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
21

 
$
43

2010 Restructuring plan
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3

 
1

Plant Network Optimization program
—

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
—

 
6

 
$
20

 
$
—

 
$
6

 
$
—

 
$
24

 
$
50


Termination benefits represent amounts incurred pursuant to our on-going benefit arrangements and amounts for “one-time” involuntary termination benefits, and have been recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 712, Compensation – Non-retirement Postemployment Benefits and ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (Topic 420). We expect to record additional termination benefits related to our restructuring initiatives in 2013 when we identify with more specificity the job classifications, functions and locations of the remaining head count to be eliminated. Other restructuring costs, which represent primarily consulting fees, are being recorded as incurred in accordance with Topic 420. Accelerated depreciation is being recorded over the adjusted remaining useful life of the related assets, and production line transfer costs are being recorded as incurred.

24

As of June 30, 2013, we have incurred cumulative restructuring charges related to our 2011 Restructuring plan (including the Expansion), 2010 Restructuring plan and Plant Network Optimization program of $391 million and restructuring-related costs of $130 million since we committed to each plan. The following presents these costs by major type and by plan:
(in millions)
2011
Restructuring
plan (including the Expansion)
 
2010
Restructuring
plan
 
Plant
Network
Optimization Program
 
Total
Termination benefits
$
125

 
$
90

 
$
31

 
$
246

Fixed asset write-offs
—

 
11

 
—

 
11

Other
83

 
51

 
—

 
134

Total restructuring charges
208

 
152

 
31

 
391

Accelerated depreciation
—

 
—

 
22

 
22

Transfer costs
—

 
—

 
74

 
74

Other
26

 
8

 
—

 
34

Restructuring-related expenses
26

 
8

 
96

 
130

 
$
234

 
$
160

 
$
127

 
$
521


We made cash payments of $24 million in the second quarter of 2013 and $71 million in the first half of 2013 associated with restructuring initiatives pursuant to these plans, and as of June 30, 2013, we had made total cash payments of $446 million related to our 2011 Restructuring plan (including the Expansion), 2010 Restructuring plan and Plant Network Optimization program since committing to each plan, partially offset by $53 million of proceeds received on facility and fixed asset sales in the first half of 2013. Payments were made using cash generated from operations, and are comprised of the following:

(in millions)
2011
Restructuring
plan (including the Expansion)
 
2010
Restructuring
plan
 
Plant
Network
Optimization Program
 
Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Termination benefits
$
11

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
11

Transfer costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other
13

 
—

 
—

 
13

 
$
24

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Termination benefits
$
33

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
34

Transfer costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other
37

 
—

 
—

 
37

 
$
70

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Program to Date
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Termination benefits
$
96

 
$
90

 
$
30

 
$
216

Transfer costs
—

 
—

 
73

 
73

Other
102

 
55

 
—

 
157

 
$
198

 
$
145

 
$
103

 
$
446



25

Our restructuring liability is primarily comprised of accruals for termination benefits. The following is a rollforward of the termination benefit liability associated with our 2011 Restructuring plan (including the Expansion), 2010 Restructuring plan and Plant Network Optimization program, since the inception of the respective plans, which is reported as a component of accrued expenses included in our accompanying unaudited condensed balance sheets:
 
 
Restructuring Plan Termination Benefits
(in millions)
 
2011
 
2010
 
Plant Network Optimization
 
Total
Accrued as of December 31, 2012
 
$
36

 
$
3

 
$
9

 
$
48

Charges (credits)
 
25

 
—

 
(4
)
 
21

Cash payments
 
(33
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(34
)
Other adjustments
 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
Accrued as of June 30, 2013
 
$
28

 
$
—

 
$
4

 
$
32


In addition to our accrual for termination benefits, we had an $11 million liability as of June 30, 2013 and a $5 million liability as of December 31, 2012 for other restructuring-related items.

NOTE H – SUPPLEMENTAL BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
Components of selected captions in our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
Trade accounts receivable, net
 
 
As of
(in millions)
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Accounts receivable
 
$
1,397

 
$
1,336

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts
 
(84
)
 
(88
)
Less: allowance for sales returns
 
(35
)
 
(31
)
 
 
$
1,278

 
$
1,217

The following is a rollforward of our allowance for doubtful accounts for the second quarter and first half of 2013 and 2012:
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in millions)
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Beginning balance
 
$
86

 
$
90

 
$
88

 
$
81

Net (credits) charges to expenses
 
3

 
(3
)
 
6

 
6

Utilization of allowances
 
(5
)
 
(4
)
 
(10
)
 
(4
)
Ending balance
 
$
84

 
$
83

 
$
84

 
$
83

Inventories
 
 
As of
(in millions)
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Finished goods
 
$
555

 
$
598

Work-in-process
 
83

 
70

Raw materials
 
204

 
216

 
 
$
842

 
$
884


26

Property, plant and equipment, net
 
 
As of
(in millions)
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Land
 
$
81

 
$
81

Buildings and improvements
 
903

 
873

Equipment, furniture and fixtures
 
2,377

 
2,348

Capital in progress
 
190

 
218

 
 
3,551

 
3,520

Less: accumulated depreciation
 
2,027

 
1,956

 
 
$
1,524

 
$
1,564

Depreciation expense was $66 million for the second quarter of 2013 and $68 million for the second quarter of 2012, $127 million for the first half of 2013, and $135 million for the first half of 2012.
Accrued expenses
 
 
As of
(in millions)
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Payroll and related liabilities
 
$
405

 
$
452

Accrued contingent consideration
 
233

 
120

Legal reserves
 
104

 
100

Other
 
623

 
612

 
 
$
1,365

 
$
1,284

Other long-term liabilities
 
 
As of
(in millions)
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Accrued income taxes
 
$
1,270

 
$
1,215

Accrued contingent consideration
 
377

 
543

Legal reserves
 
521

 
391

Other long-term liabilities
 
390

 
398

 
 
$
2,558

 
$
2,547


27

Accrued warranties
We offer warranties on certain of our product offerings. The majority of our warranty liability as of June 30, 2013 related to implantable devices offered by our CRM business, which include defibrillator and pacemaker systems. Our CRM products come with a standard limited warranty covering the replacement of these devices. We offer a full warranty for a portion of the period post-implant, and a partial warranty over the substantial remainder of the useful life of the product. We estimate the costs that we may incur under our warranty programs based on the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and cost per claim, and record a liability equal to these estimated costs as cost of products sold at the time the product sale occurs. We reassess the adequacy of our recorded warranty liabilities on a quarterly basis and adjust these amounts as necessary. The current portion of our warranty accrual is included in other accrued expenses in the table above and the non-current portion of our warranty accrual is included in other long-term liabilities in the table above. Changes in our product warranty accrual during the first half of 2013 and 2012 consisted of the following (in millions):
 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Beginning Balance
 
$
26

 
$
30

Provision
 
5

 
2

Settlements/reversals
 
(6
)
 
(7
)
Ending Balance
 
$
25

 
$
25


NOTE I – INCOME TAXES
Tax Rate
The following tables provide a summary of our reported tax rate:
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Reported tax rate
 
14.3
%
 
1.1
%
Impact of certain receipts/charges*
 
0.4
%
 
13.4
%
 
 
14.7
%
 
14.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Reported tax rate
 
7.6
%
 
0.9
%
Impact of certain receipts/charges*
 
6.5
%
 
13.8
%
 
 
14.1
%
 
14.7
%
*These receipts/charges are taxed at different rates than our effective tax rate.
The change in our reported tax rate for the second quarter and first half of 2013, as compared to the same periods in 2012, relates primarily to the impact of certain receipts and charges that are taxed at different rates than our effective tax rate and the impact of certain discrete tax items. In the first half of 2013, the receipts and charges included goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, acquisition- and divestiture-related net credits, and litigation- and restructuring-related charges. The reported tax rate in the second quarter of 2013 was also impacted due to uncertain tax positions related to audit findings, while the first half of 2013 was favorably affected by discrete tax items that primarily related to the reinstatement of tax legislation that has been retroactively applied, offset in part by the resolution of uncertain tax positions related to audit settlements and findings. In the first half of 2012, the receipts and charges included goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges; divestiture-, litigation and restructuring-related net charges; and acquisition-related credits. Our reported tax rate in the first half of 2012 was also affected by discrete tax items related primarily to the resolution of an uncertain tax position resulting from a favorable court ruling.
As of June 30, 2013, we had $1.060 billion of gross unrecognized tax benefits, of which a net $924 million, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2012, we had $1.052 billion of gross unrecognized tax benefits, of which a net $902 million, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate.

28

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. We have concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters through 2000 and substantially all material state, local, and foreign income tax matters through 2001.
We have received Notices of Deficiency from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) reflecting proposed audit adjustments for Guidant Corporation (Guidant) for its 2001 through 2006 tax years and Boston Scientific Corporation for its 2006 and 2007 tax years (Notices). Subsequent to issuing these Notices, the IRS conceded a portion of its original assessment. The total incremental tax liability now asserted by the IRS for the applicable periods is $1.162 billion plus interest. The primary issue in dispute for all years is the transfer pricing in connection with the technology license agreements between domestic and foreign subsidiaries of Guidant. In addition, the IRS has proposed adjustments in connection with the financial terms of our Transaction Agreement with Abbott Laboratories (Abbott) pertaining to the sale of Guidant's vascular intervention business to Abbott in April 2006. We do not agree with the transfer pricing methodologies applied by the IRS or its resulting assessment and we believe that the IRS has exceeded its authority by attempting to adjust the terms of our negotiated third-party agreement with Abbott. In addition, we believe that the IRS positions with regard to these matters are inconsistent with the applicable tax laws and the existing Treasury regulations.
We believe we have meritorious defenses for our tax filings and we have filed petitions with the U.S. Tax Court contesting the Notices for the tax years in challenge. No payments on the net assessment would be required until the dispute is definitively resolved, which, based on experiences of other companies, could take several years. We believe that our income tax reserves associated with these matters are adequate and the final resolution will not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. However, final resolution is uncertain and could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
We recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of income tax expense. We had $394 million accrued for gross interest and penalties as of June 30, 2013 and $364 million as of December 31, 2012. The increase in gross interest and penalties was $30 million, which was recognized in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. We recognized net tax expense related to interest and penalties of $11 million during the second quarter of 2013, $9 million during the second quarter of 2012, $20 million in the first half of 2013, and $11 million in the first half of 2012.
It is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months we will resolve multiple issues including transfer pricing and transactional-related issues with foreign, federal and state taxing authorities, in which case we could record a reduction in our balance of unrecognized tax benefits of up to approximately $34 million.

NOTE J – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The medical device market in which we primarily participate is largely technology driven. As a result, intellectual property rights, particularly patents and trade secrets, play a significant role in product development and differentiation. Over the years, there has been litigation initiated against us by others, including our competitors, claiming that our current or former product offerings infringe patents owned or licensed by them. Intellectual property litigation is inherently complex and unpredictable. In addition, competing parties frequently file multiple suits to leverage patent portfolios across product lines, technologies and geographies and to balance risk and exposure between the parties. In some cases, several competitors are parties in the same proceeding, or in a series of related proceedings, or litigate multiple features of a single class of devices. These forces frequently drive settlement not only for individual cases, but also for a series of pending and potentially related and unrelated cases. Although monetary and injunctive relief is typically sought, remedies and restitution are generally not determined until the conclusion of the trial court proceedings and can be modified on appeal. Accordingly, the outcomes of individual cases are difficult to time, predict or quantify and are often dependent upon the outcomes of other cases in other geographies.

During recent years, we successfully negotiated closure of several long-standing legal matters and recently received favorable legal rulings in several other matters; however, there continues to be outstanding intellectual property litigation particularly in the coronary stent market. Adverse outcomes in one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our ability to sell certain products and on our operating margins, financial position, results of operations and/or liquidity.

In the normal course of business, product liability, securities and commercial claims are asserted against us. Similar claims may be asserted against us in the future related to events not known to management at the present time. We maintain an insurance policy providing limited coverage against securities claims, and we are substantially self-insured with respect to product liability claims and fully self-insured with respect to intellectual property infringement claims. The absence of significant third-party insurance coverage increases our potential exposure to unanticipated claims or adverse decisions. Product liability claims, securities and commercial litigation, and other legal proceedings in the future, regardless of their outcome, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and/or liquidity.


29

In addition, like other companies in the medical device industry, we are subject to extensive regulation by national, state and local government agencies in the United States and other countries in which we operate. From time to time we are the subject of qui tam actions and governmental investigations often involving regulatory, marketing and other business practices. These qui tam actions and governmental investigations could result in the commencement of civil and criminal proceedings, substantial fines, penalties and administrative remedies and have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and/or liquidity.

We record losses for claims in excess of the limits of purchased insurance in earnings at the time and to the extent they are probable and estimable. In accordance with ASC Topic 450, Contingencies, we accrue anticipated costs of settlement, damages, losses for general product liability claims and, under certain conditions, costs of defense, based on historical experience or to the extent specific losses are probable and estimable. Otherwise, we expense these costs as incurred. If the estimate of a probable loss is a range and no amount within the range is more likely, we accrue the minimum amount of the range.

Our accrual for legal matters that are probable and estimable was $625 million as of June 30, 2013 and $491 million as of December 31, 2012, and includes estimated costs of settlement, damages and defense. The increase in our legal accrual was primarily due to $130 million in litigation-related charges recorded during the first half of 2013. During the first half of 2012, we recorded $69 million of litigation related charges, which consisted of a charge of $85 million, partially offset by credits of $16 million. We continue to assess certain litigation and claims to determine the amounts, if any, that management believes will be paid as a result of such claims and litigation and, therefore, additional losses may be accrued and paid in the future, which could materially adversely impact our operating results, cash flows and/or our ability to comply with our debt covenants.

In management's opinion, we are not currently involved in any legal proceedings other than those disclosed in our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K and our Quarterly Report filed on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, and those specifically identified below, which, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, operations and/or cash flows. Unless included in our legal accrual or otherwise indicated below, a range of loss associated with any individual material legal proceeding cannot be estimated.

Patent Litigation

On February 1, 2008, Wyeth Corporation and Cordis Corporation filed an amended complaint for patent infringement against Abbott Laboratories, adding us and Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. as additional defendants to the complaint. The suit alleged that the PROMUS® coronary stent system, supplied to us by Abbott, infringes three U.S. patents (the Morris patents) owned by Wyeth and licensed to Cordis. The suit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey seeking monetary and injunctive relief. Wyeth and Cordis subsequently withdrew their infringement claim as to one of the patents, and the District Court found the remaining two patents invalid. Wyeth and Cordis filed an appeal and on June 26, 2013, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court's judgment in favor of Boston Scientific.

On January 15, 2010, Cordis Corporation filed a complaint against us and Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. alleging that the PROMUS® coronary stent system, supplied to us by Abbott Laboratories, infringes three patents (the Fischell patents) owned by Cordis. The suit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware and sought monetary and injunctive relief. We filed counterclaims of invalidity and non-infringement. The District Court found that the PROMUS stent system did not infringe the Fischell patents and that our sales of this product were authorized. On May 13, 2013, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court's judgment in favor of Boston Scientific.

In February 2013, Orbus International B.V. filed suits against the Company and two of its Dutch subsidiaries in the Hague District Court in the Netherlands and Orbus Medical GmbH filed suits against the Company and one of its German subsidiaries in the Duesseldorf District Court in Germany. In March 2013, Orbus Medical Inc. and Orbus International B.V. filed suit against the Company and two of its Irish subsidiaries in the Irish Commercial Court in Dublin, Ireland. Each of these matters alleges that the Company's sale of stent systems using the Element design infringes European patents owned by Orbus Medical Inc. and licensed to other Orbus entities. In one Dutch matter, Orbus sought cross-border, preliminary injunctive relief, which the court denied on July 9, 2013. In the other Dutch matter, Orbus is seeking damages and injunctive relief, and a hearing is scheduled for December 20, 2013. In one German matter, Orbus sought preliminary injunctive relief, which the Duesseldorf District Court granted on April 30, 2013. On that same date, we appealed the injunction to the Court of Appeals of Duesseldorf. In the other German matter, Orbus is seeking damages and injunctive relief, and a hearing is scheduled for May 14, 2014. In the Irish matter, Orbus is seeking damages and injunctive relief. In March 2013, two of the Company's subsidiaries filed suit against Orbus Medical Inc. in the English High Court seeking a declaration that the sale of the stent systems with the Element design does not infringe two Orbus patents and seeking to have the two patents found invalid. On June 5, 2013, Orbus cancelled one of the two UK patents.


30

On May 16, 2013, Vascular Solutions, Inc. filed suit against the Company, alleging that its Guidezilla™ guide extension catheter infringes three U.S. patents owned by Vascular Solutions.  The suit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota seeking monetary and injunctive relief.  On May 28, 2013 Vascular Solutions filed an amended complaint adding an allegation of copyright infringement.  On June 10, 2013, Vascular Solutions filed a motion requesting a preliminary injunction.  On July 11, 2013 the Company answered the amended complaint and filed a counterclaim against Vascular Solutions, alleging that its Guideliner™ guide extension catheter infringes a U.S. patent owned by the Company.

Product Liability Litigation

As of August 5, 2013, there were over 12,000 product liability cases or claims asserted against us in various federal and state courts across the country alleging personal injury associated with use of our transvaginal surgical mesh products designed to treat stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.  Generally, the plaintiffs allege design and manufacturing claims, failure to warn, breach of warranty, fraud, violations of state consumer protection laws and loss of consortium claims.  Many of the cases have been specially assigned to one judge in state court in Massachusetts. On February 7, 2012, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation (MDL) established MDL-2326 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia and transferred the federal court transvaginal surgical mesh cases to MDL-2326 for coordinated pretrial proceedings. In addition, in October 2012 we were contacted by the Attorney General for the State of California informing us that their office and certain other state attorneys general offices intend to initiate a civil investigation into our sale of transvaginal surgical mesh products.

Governmental Investigations and Qui Tam Matters

On June 27, 2008, the Republic of Iraq filed a complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiary, BSSA France, and 92 other defendants in the U.S. District Court of the Southern District of New York. The complaint alleges that the defendants acted improperly in connection with the sale of products under the United Nations Oil for Food Program. The complaint also alleges Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) violations, conspiracy to commit fraud and the making of false statements and improper payments, and it seeks monetary and punitive damages. A hearing on the pending motion to dismiss was held on October 26, 2012, and on February 6, 2013, the District Court dismissed the complaint with prejudice on standing and jurisdictional grounds. On February 20, 2013, the plaintiff filed an appeal, and it filed its appellate brief on June 4, 2013.

On October 17, 2008, we received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Inspector General requesting information related to the alleged use of a skin adhesive in certain of our CRM products. In early 2010, we learned that this subpoena was related to a qui tam action filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York. After the federal government declined to intervene in the original complaint, the relator in the qui tam action filed an amended complaint alleging that Guidant violated the False Claims Act by selling certain PRIZM 2 devices and seeking monetary damages. In July 2010, we were served with the amended unsealed qui tam complaint filed by James Allen, an alleged device recipient. The civil division of the Department of Justice (DOJ) was later allowed to intervene in the Allen qui tam action and to transfer the litigation to the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota. In January 2011, the DOJ filed a civil False Claims Act complaint against us and Guidant (and other related entities) in the Allen qui tam action. On May 7, 2013, the Chief Magistrate Judge stayed the previously set deadlines in the case and the parties are in settlement discussions.
 
On March 22, 2010, we received a subpoena from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Massachusetts seeking documents relating to the former Market Development Sales Organization that operated within our CRM business. We are cooperating with the request. On October 21, 2011, the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts unsealed a qui tam complaint that relates to the subject matter of the U.S. Attorney's investigation, after the federal government declined to intervene in the matter. Subsequently, on January 30, 2012, the relator filed an amended complaint. On July 5, 2012, the District Court issued an opinion and order dismissing the amended complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. On July 12, 2012, the relator appealed the judgment of dismissal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, and oral argument was held on February 7, 2013. On May 31, 2013, the Court of Appeals rejected the relator's appeal and affirmed the dismissal of the amended complaint.

On August 3, 2012, we were served with a qui tam complaint that had previously been filed under seal against Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corp. in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey on March 2, 2011. On August 8, 2012, we learned that the federal government had previously declined to intervene in this matter. The relators' complaint, now unsealed, alleges that Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corp. violated the federal and various states' false claims acts through submission of fraudulent bills for implanted devices, under-reporting of certain adverse events and promotion of off-label uses. On September 10, 2012, the relators filed an amended complaint revising and restating certain of the claims in the original complaint. Our motion to dismiss, filed subsequently, was denied on May 31, 2013, and on June 28, 2013, we answered the amended complaint and brought certain counterclaims arising from relators' unauthorized removal of documents from the business during their employments, which the relators moved to dismiss on July 22, 2013.

31


Other Proceedings

On October 5, 2007, Dr. Tassilo Bonzel filed a complaint against Pfizer, Inc. and our Schneider subsidiaries and us in the District Court in Kassel, Germany alleging that a 1995 license agreement related to a catheter patent is invalid under German law and seeking monetary damages. In June 2009, the District Court dismissed all but one of Dr. Bonzel's claims and in October 2009, he added new claims. We opposed the addition of the new claims. The District Court ordered Dr. Bonzel to select the claims he would pursue and in January 2011, he made that selection. A hearing is scheduled for August 23, 2013.

On September 28, 2011, we served a complaint against Mirowski Family Ventures LLC in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana for a declaratory judgment that we have paid all royalties owed and did not breach any contractual or fiduciary obligations arising out of a license agreement. Mirowski answered and filed counterclaims requesting damages. On May 13, 2013, Mirowski Family Ventures served the Company with a complaint alleging breach of contract in Montgomery County Circuit Court, Maryland, and they amended this complaint on August 1, 2013. On July 29, 2013, the Indiana case was dismissed.

Refer to Note I - Income Taxes for information regarding our tax litigation.

Matters Concluded Since December 31, 2012

On December 4, 2009, we, along with Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc., filed a complaint for patent infringement against Cordis Corporation alleging that its Cypher Mini™ stent product infringes a U.S. patent (the Jang patent) owned by us. In April 2011, the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware granted summary judgment that Cordis willfully infringed the Jang patent. After a trial on damages in May 2011, the jury found in favor of Boston Scientific for lost profits of approximately $18.5 million and royalties of approximately $1 million. On March 13, 2012, the District Court granted our motion for enhanced damages, resulting in a total damages award of approximately $41 million. On February 12, 2013, the Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court's judgment in favor of Boston Scientific.

On November 17, 2009, Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. filed suit against OrbusNeich Medical, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries in the Hague District Court in the Netherlands alleging that OrbusNeich's sale of the Genous stent infringes a patent owned by us (the Keith patent) and seeking monetary damages and injunctive relief. On March 13, 2012, the Hague Court of Appeals denied our request for preliminary relief. On April 2, 2013, the Hague Court of Appeals found the Keith patent invalid.

In December 2007, we were informed by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Texas that it was conducting an investigation of allegations related to improper promotion of biliary stents for off-label uses. The allegations were set forth in a qui tam complaint, which named us and certain of our competitors. Following the federal government's decision not to intervene in the case, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas unsealed the complaint. In March 2011, the District Court issued an order granting our motion to dismiss and, in March 2012, issued its opinion ordering that all claims against us be dismissed, some of which were dismissed with prejudice and some of which were dismissed without prejudice to the relator's right to amend those claims. On September 14, 2012, the relator filed and served an amended complaint restating the claims that the District Court dismissed without prejudice. On January 17, 2013, the District Court granted our motion to dismiss with prejudice all of the relator's remaining claims against us, and on April 12, 2013, the District Court amended its order of dismissal to specify that it was final and appealable. On May 3, 2013, the relator voluntarily moved to dismiss his appeal of the January 17, 2013 order of dismissal, which he had filed with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on February 15, 2013. The deadline for further appeals lapsed on May 13, 2013.


32

NOTE K – WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
(in millions)
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic
 
1,343.5

 
1,423.2

 
1,347.7

 
1,434.2

 
Net effect of common stock equivalents
 
15.1


—

**
—

*
—

**
Weighted average shares outstanding - assuming dilution
 
1,358.6

 
1,423.2

 
1,347.7

 
1,434.2

 

* We generated net losses in the first half of 2013. Our weighted-average shares outstanding for earnings per share calculations exclude common stock equivalents of 14.0 million for the first half of 2013 due to our net loss position in this period.
** We generated net losses in the second quarter and first half of 2012. Our weighted-average shares outstanding for earnings per share calculations exclude common stock equivalents of 5.8 million for the second quarter of 2012 and 7.3 million for the first half of 2012 due to our net loss position in these periods.

Weighted average shares outstanding, assuming dilution, excludes the impact of 16 million stock options for the second quarter of 2013, 63 million stock options for the second quarter of 2012, 25 million stock options for the first half of 2013, and 61 million stock options for the first half of 2012, due to the exercise prices of these stock options being greater than the average fair market value of our common stock during the period.
We issued approximately one million shares of our common stock in the second quarter of 2013 and approximately nine million shares in the first half of 2013, following the exercise or vesting of underlying stock options or deferred stock units, or purchases under our employee stock purchase plans. We repurchased approximately 13 million shares of our common stock during the second quarter of 2013 for approximately $100 million, and approximately 26 million shares during the first half of 2013 for approximately $200 million, pursuant to our authorized repurchase programs as discussed in Note L – Stockholders' Equity to our audited financial statements contained in Item 8 of our 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

NOTE L – SEGMENT REPORTING
Effective as of January 1, 2013, we reorganized our business from geographic regions to fully operationalized global business units. Following the reorganization, based on information regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, we have three new reportable segments comprised of: Cardiovascular, Rhythm Management, and MedSurg. Our reportable segments represent an aggregate of operating segments. We have restated the prior period to conform to the current year presentation of our reportable segments.
Each of our reportable segments generates revenues from the sale of medical devices. We measure and evaluate our reportable segments based on segment net sales and operating income, excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and sales from divested businesses. Sales generated from reportable segments and divested businesses, as well as operating results of reportable segments and corporate expenses, are based on internally-derived standard currency exchange rates, which may differ from year to year, and do not include intersegment profits. We restated segment information for the prior period based on standard currency exchange rates used for the current period in order to remove the impact of foreign currency exchange fluctuations. Based on information regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker following our reorganization, we also restated certain expenses associated with our manufacturing and corporate operations. We exclude from segment operating income certain corporate-related expenses and certain transactions or adjustments that our chief operating decision maker considers to be non-recurring and/or non-operational, such as amounts related to goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges; acquisition-, divestiture-, restructuring-, and litigation-related charges and credits; and amortization expense. Although we exclude these amounts from segment operating income, they are included in reported consolidated operating income (loss) and are included in the reconciliation below.

33

A reconciliation of the totals reported for the reportable segments to the applicable line items in our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
(in millions)
 
2013
 
2012*
 
2013
 
2012*
 
Net sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Interventional Cardiology
 
$
537

 
$
551

 
$
1,050

 
$
1,149

 
   Peripheral Interventions
 
205

 
196

 
400

 
384

 
Cardiovascular
 
742

 
747

 
1,450

 
1,533

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Cardiac Rhythm Management
 
485

 
494

 
970

 
998

 
   Electrophysiology
 
37

 
37

 
72

 
74

 
Rhythm Management
 
522

 
531

 
1,042

 
1,072

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Endoscopy
 
334

 
309

 
647

 
607

 
   Urology/Women's Health
 
126

 
125

 
245

 
243

 
   Neuromodulation
 
111

 
92

 
200

 
175

 
MedSurg
 
571

 
526

 
1,092

 
1,025

 
Net sales allocated to reportable segments
 
1,835

 
1,804

 
3,584

 
3,630

 
Sales generated from divested businesses
 
19

 
31

 
55

 
60

 
Impact of foreign currency fluctuations
 
(45
)
 
(7
)
 
(69
)
 
4

 
 
 
$
1,809

 
$
1,828

 
$
3,570

 
$
3,694

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cardiovascular
 
$
194

 
$
195

 
$
364

 
$
386

 
Rhythm Management
 
61

 
77

 
124

 
160

 
MedSurg
 
183

 
150

 
333

 
283

 
Operating income allocated to reportable segments
 
438

 
422

 
821

 
829

 
Corporate expenses and currency exchange
 
(77
)
 
(71
)
 
(146
)
 
(155
)
 
Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges; and acquisition-, divestiture-, restructuring-, and litigation related charges and credits
 
(40
)
 
(3,839
)
 
(580
)
 
(3,869
)
 
Amortization expense
 
(101
)
 
(99
)
 
(204
)
 
(195
)
 
Operating (loss) income
 
220

 
(3,587
)
 
(109
)
 
(3,390
)
 
Other expense, net
 
(68
)
 
(31
)
 
(133
)
 
(105
)
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
 
$
152

 
$
(3,618
)
 
$
(242
)
 
$
(3,495
)
 

* We have restated prior year detail to conform to current year presentation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

34

NOTE M – CHANGES IN OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following table provides the reclassifications out of other comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2012. Amounts in the chart below are presented net of tax.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
Unrealized gains/losses on derivative financial instruments
 
Defined benefit pension items / Other
 
Total
Beginning Balance
 
$(23)
 
$109
 
$(41)
 
$45
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(6)
 
47
 
—
 
41
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 
—
 
(4)
 
—
 
(4)
Net current-period other comprehensive income
 
(6)
 
43
 
—
 
37
Ending Balance
 
$(29)
 
$152
 
$(41)
 
$82
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
Unrealized gains/losses on derivative financial instruments
 
Defined benefit pension items / Other
 
Total
Beginning Balance
 
$(32)
 
$(15)
 
$(32)
 
$(79)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(19)
 
6
 
—
 
(13)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 
—
 
5
 
—
 
5
Net current-period other comprehensive income
 
(19)
 
11
 
—
 
(8)
Ending Balance
 
$(51)
 
$(4)
 
$(32)
 
$(87)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

35


Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
Unrealized gains/losses on derivative financial instruments
 
Defined benefit pension items / Other
 
Total
Beginning Balance
 
$(26)
 
$34
 
$(41)
 
$(33)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(3)
 
118
 
—
 
115
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 
—
 
—
 
—
 
—
Net current-period other comprehensive income
 
(3)
 
118
 
—
 
115
Ending Balance
 
$(29)
 
$152
 
$(41)
 
$82
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
Unrealized gains/losses on derivative financial instruments
 
Defined benefit pension items / Other
 
Total
Beginning Balance
 
$(58)
 
$(48)
 
$(32)
 
$(138)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
7
 
28
 
—
 
35
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 
—
 
16
 
—
 
16
Net current-period other comprehensive income
 
7
 
44
 
—
 
51
Ending Balance
 
$(51)
 
$(4)
 
$(32)
 
$(87)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The income tax impact of the amounts in other comprehensive income for unrealized gains/losses on derivative financial instruments was an expense of $26 million in the second quarter of 2013, $71 million in the first half of 2013, $7 million in the second quarter of 2012, and $26 million in the first half of 2012. The income tax impact of the amounts reclassified from unrealized gains/losses on derivative financial instruments was a loss of $2 million in the second quarter of 2013, no impact in the first half of 2013, a benefit of $4 million in the second quarter of 2012, and a benefit of $10 million in the first half of 2012. Refer to Note E – Fair Value Measurements for further detail on the reclassifications related to derivatives.

NOTE N – NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Standards Implemented
ASC Update No. 2013-02
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. Update No. 2013-02 requires that entities provide information about amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. The amendment also requires entities to present significant amounts by the respective line items of net income, either on the face of the income statement or in the notes to the financial statements for amounts required to be reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income in their entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required to be reclassified to net income in their entirety, a cross-reference is required to other disclosures that provide additional details about those amounts. We adopted Update No. 2013-02 beginning in our first quarter ended March 31, 2013. Update No. 2013-02 is related to presentation only and its adoption did not impact our results of operations or financial position.

36

ASC Update No. 2013-01
In January 2013, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. Update No. 2013-01 clarifies the FASB's intent about requiring enhanced disclosures about certain financial instruments and derivative instruments that are offset in the statement of financial position or that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements, previously issued ASC Update No. 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities (Topic 210). We adopted Update No. 2013-01 beginning in our first quarter ended March 31, 2013. The adoption of Update No. 2013-01 did not impact our results of operations or financial position.
Standards to be Implemented
ASC Update No. 2013-11
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists. Update No. 2013-11 requires that entities present an unrecognized tax benefit, or portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, as a reduction to a deferred tax asset in the financial statements for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, with certain exceptions. We are required to adopt Update No. 2013-11 for our first quarter ending March 31, 2014, and early adoption is permitted. Update No. 2013-11 is related to presentation only and its adoption will not impact our results of operations or financial position.
 





37

ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Introduction
Boston Scientific Corporation is a worldwide developer, manufacturer and marketer of medical devices that are used in a broad range of interventional medical specialties. Our mission is to transform lives through innovative medical solutions that improve the health of patients around the world. Our products and technologies are used to diagnose or treat a wide range of medical conditions, including heart, digestive, pulmonary, vascular, urological, women's health, and chronic pain conditions. We continue to innovate in these areas and are intent on extending our innovations into new geographies and high-growth adjacency markets.
Effective as of January 1, 2013, we reorganized our business into fully operationalized global business units. We have three new global reportable segments comprised of Cardiovascular, Rhythm Management, and MedSurg. We have restated prior period information for 2012 to conform to the current year presentation of our segments.
Financial Summary
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
Our net sales for the second quarter of 2013 were $1.809 billion, as compared to net sales of $1.828 billion for the second quarter of 2012, a decrease of $19 million, or one percent. Excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which had a $38 million negative impact on our second quarter 2013 net sales as compared to the same period in the prior year, and the decrease in net sales from divested businesses of $12 million, our net sales increased $31 million, or two percent.1 Refer to Quarterly Results and Business Overview for a discussion of our net sales by global business.
Our reported net income for the second quarter of 2013 was $130 million, or $0.10 per share. Our reported results for the second quarter of 2013 included an intangible asset impairment charge, acquisition- and divestiture-related net credits, restructuring-related charges, and amortization expense totaling $117 million (after-tax), or $0.08 per share. Excluding these items, net income for the second quarter of 2013 was $247 million, or $0.18 per share.1 Our reported net loss for the second quarter of 2012 was $3.578 billion, or $2.51 per share. Our reported results for the second quarter of 2012 included goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges, acquisition-related credits, divestiture-, restructuring-, and litigation-related charges and amortization expense totaling $3.817 billion, or $2.68 per share. Excluding these items, net income for the second quarter of 2012 was $239 million, or $0.17 per share.1 
1 Sales growth rates that exclude the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and net income and net income per share excluding certain items required by GAAP are not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP). Refer to Additional Information for a discussion of management’s use of these non-GAAP financial measures.

38

The following is a reconciliation of results of operations prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP to those adjusted results considered by management. Refer to Quarterly Results and Business Overview for a discussion of each reconciling item:

 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
Tax
 
 
 
Impact per
 
in millions, except per share data
 
Pre-Tax
 
Impact
 
After-Tax
 
share
 
GAAP net income (loss)
 
$
152

 
$
(22
)
 
$
130

 
$
0.10

 
Non-GAAP adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangible asset impairment charges
 
53

 
(8
)
 
45

 
0.03

 
Acquisition-related charges (credits)
 
(12
)
 
(2
)
 
(14
)
 
(0.01
)
 
Divestiture-related charges (credits)
 
(32
)
 
9

 
(23
)
 
(0.02
)
 
Restructuring and restructuring-related net charges
 
31

 
(8
)
 
23

 
0.02

 
Amortization expense
 
101

 
(15
)
 
86

 
0.06

 
Adjusted net income
 
$
293

 
$
(46
)
 
$
247

 
$
0.18

 

 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
Tax
 
 
 
Impact per
 
in millions, except per share data
 
Pre-Tax
 
Impact
 
After-Tax
 
share
 
GAAP net income (loss)
 
$
(3,618
)
 
$
40

 
$
(3,578
)
 
$
(2.51
)
 
Non-GAAP adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill impairment charge
 
3,602

 
(23
)
 
3,579

 
2.50

*
Intangible asset impairment charge
 
129

 
(19
)
 
110

 
0.08

*
Acquisition-related charges (credits)
 
(34
)
 
13

 
(21
)
 
(0.01
)
*
Divestiture-related charges (credits)
 
1

 
—

 
1

 
0.00

*
Restructuring and restructuring-related net charges
 
33

 
(9
)
 
24

 
0.02

*
Litigation-related charges
 
69

 
(29
)
 
40

 
0.03

*
Amortization expense
 
99

 
(15
)
 
84

 
0.06

*
Adjusted net income
 
$
281

 
$
(42
)
 
$
239

 
$
0.17

 
* Assumes dilution of 5.8 million shares for the three months ended June 30, 2012 for all or a portion of these non-GAAP adjustments.

Cash provided by operating activities was $396 million in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to $407 million in the second quarter of 2012. Our cash generated from operations continued to be a significant source of available funds for investing in our growth and buying back shares of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase programs. During the second quarter of 2013, we used approximately $100 million of cash generated from operations to repurchase approximately 13 million shares of our common stock. As of June 30, 2013, we had total debt of $4.252 billion, cash and cash equivalents of $530 million and working capital of $1.021 billion. Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources for further discussion.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
Our net sales for the first half of 2013 were $3.570 billion, as compared to net sales of $3.694 billion for the first half of 2012, a decrease of $124 million, or three percent. Excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which had a $73 million negative impact on our net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2013 as compared to the same period in the prior year, and the decrease in net sales from divested businesses of $5 million, our net sales decreased $46 million, or one percent.1 Refer to Quarterly Results and Business Overview for a discussion of our net sales by business.


39

Our reported net loss for the first half of 2013 was $224 million, or $0.17 per share, driven primarily by a goodwill impairment charge related to our global Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) business unit recorded in conjunction with interim goodwill impairment testing required following the change in composition of our segments and reporting units in the first quarter of 2013. Refer to Quarterly Results and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates for a discussion of our goodwill valuation and this impairment charge. Our reported net loss for the first half of 2013 included goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges, acquisition-, and divestiture-related credits, restructuring-, and litigation-related charges and amortization expense totaling $695 million (after-tax), or $0.52 per share. Excluding these items, net income for the first half of 2013 was $471 million, or $0.35 per share.1 Our reported net loss for the first half of 2012 was $3.465 billion, or $2.42 per share. Our reported results for the first half of 2012 included goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges, acquisition-related credits, divestiture-, restructuring-, and litigation-related charges and amortization expense totaling $3.924 billion, or $2.74 per share. Excluding these items, net income for the first half of 2012 was $459 million, or $0.32 per share.1 The following is a reconciliation of results of operations prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP to those adjusted results considered by management. Refer to Quarterly Results and Business Overview for a discussion of each reconciling item:

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
Tax
 
 
 
Impact per
 
in millions, except per share data
 
Pre-Tax
 
Impact
 
After-Tax
 
share
 
GAAP net income (loss)
 
$
(242
)
 
$
18

 
$
(224
)
 
$
(0.17
)
 
Non-GAAP adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill impairment charge
 
423

 
(2
)
 
421

 
0.31

*
Intangible asset impairment charges
 
53

 
(8
)
 
45

 
0.03

*
Acquisition-related charges (credits)
 
(35
)
 
(1
)
 
(36
)
 
(0.03
)
*
Divestiture-related charges (credits)
 
(37
)
 
11

 
(26
)
 
(0.02
)
*
Restructuring and restructuring-related net charges
 
46

 
(12
)
 
34

 
0.03

*
Litigation-related charges
 
130

 
(48
)
 
82

 
0.06

*
Amortization expense
 
204

 
(29
)
 
175

 
0.14

*
Adjusted net income
 
$
542

 
$
(71
)
 
$
471

 
$
0.35

 
* Assumes dilution of 14.0 million shares for the six months ended June 30, 2013 for all or a portion of these non-GAAP adjustments.

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
Tax
 
 
 
Impact per
 
in millions, except per share data
 
Pre-Tax
 
Impact
 
After-Tax
 
share
 
GAAP net income (loss)
 
$
(3,495
)
 
$
30

 
$
(3,465
)
 
$
(2.42
)
 
Non-GAAP adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill impairment charge
 
3,602

 
(23
)
 
3,579

 
2.49

**
Intangible asset impairment charge
 
129

 
(19
)
 
110

 
0.08

**
Acquisition-related charges (credits)
 
(21
)
 
11

 
(10
)
 
(0.01
)
**
Divestiture-related charges (credits)
 
2

 
—

 
2

 
0.00

**
Restructuring and restructuring-related net charges
 
50

 
(13
)
 
37

 
0.03

**
Litigation-related charges
 
69

 
(29
)
 
40

 
0.03

**
Amortization expense
 
195

 
(29
)
 
166

 
0.12

**
Adjusted net income
 
$
531

 
$
(72
)
 
$
459

 
$
0.32

 
** Assumes dilution of 7.3 million shares for the six months ended June 30, 2012 for all or a portion of these non-GAAP adjustments.

1 Sales growth rates that exclude the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and net income and net income per share excluding certain items required by GAAP are not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP). Refer to Additional Information for a discussion of management’s use of these non-GAAP financial measures.


40

Cash provided by operating activities was $559 million in the first half of 2013, as compared to $619 million in the first half of 2012. During the first half of 2013, we used approximately $200 million of cash generated from operations to repurchase approximately 26 million shares of our common stock.

Quarterly Results and Business Overview
Effective as of January 1, 2013, we reorganized our business into fully operationalized global business units. We have three new global reportable segments comprised of Cardiovascular, Rhythm Management, and MedSurg.
Net Sales
We manage our global businesses on a constant currency basis, and we manage market risk from currency exchange rate changes at the corporate level. Management excludes the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates for purposes of reviewing global revenue growth rates to facilitate an evaluation of current operating performance and comparison to past operating performance. To calculate revenue growth rates that exclude the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we convert actual net sales from local currency to U.S. dollars using constant foreign currency exchange rates in the current and prior period. The constant currency growth rates in the tables below can be recalculated from our net sales presented in Note L – Segment Reporting to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The following table provides our worldwide net sales by business and the relative change on an as reported and constant currency basis, both excluding and including divested businesses. Net sales that exclude the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates are not financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a replacement for, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Refer to Additional Information for a further discussion of management’s use of this non-GAAP financial measure.

 
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
As Reported
Currency
Basis
 
Constant
Currency
Basis
(in millions)
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
     Interventional Cardiology
 
$
520

 
$
549

 
(5
)
%
 
(3
)
%
     Peripheral Interventions
 
199

 
196

 
2

%
 
5

%
Cardiovascular
 
719

 
745

 
(4
)
%
 
(1
)
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Cardiac Rhythm Management
 
475

 
488

 
(3
)
%
 
(2
)
%
     Electrophysiology
 
36

 
37

 
(3
)
%
 
(2
)
%
Rhythm Management
 
511

 
525

 
(3
)
%
 
(2
)
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Endoscopy
 
325

 
311

 
5

%
 
8

%
     Urology/Women’s Health
 
124

 
126

 
(1
)
%
 
1

%
     Neuromodulation
 
111

 
91

 
21

%
 
21

%
  MedSurg
 
560

 
528

 
6

%
 
9

%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subtotal Core Businesses
 
1,790

 
1,798

 
0

%
 
2

%
Divested Businesses
 
19

 
30

 
(36
)
%
 
(38
)
%
Worldwide
 
$
1,809

 
$
1,828

 
(1
)
%
 
1

%

Growth rates are based on actual, non-rounded amounts and may not recalculate precisely


41

 
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
As Reported
Currency
Basis
 
Constant
Currency
Basis
(in millions)
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
     Interventional Cardiology
 
$
1,025

 
$
1,153

 
(11
)
%
 
(9
)
%
     Peripheral Interventions
 
390

 
386

 
1

%
 
4

%
Cardiovascular
 
1,415

 
1,539

 
(8
)
%
 
(5
)
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Cardiac Rhythm Management
 
953

 
989

 
(4
)
%
 
(3
)
%
     Electrophysiology
 
71

 
74

 
(5
)
%
 
(4
)
%
Rhythm Management
 
1,024

 
1,063

 
(4
)
%
 
(3
)
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Endoscopy
 
634

 
612

 
4

%
 
6

%
     Urology/Women’s Health
 
242

 
246

 
(2
)
%
 
0

%
     Neuromodulation
 
200

 
175

 
14

%
 
14

%
  MedSurg
 
1,076

 
1,033

 
4

%
 
6

%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subtotal Core Businesses
 
3,515

 
3,635

 
(3
)
%
 
(1
)
%
Divested Businesses
 
55

 
59

 
(7
)
%
 
(7
)
%
Worldwide
 
$
3,570

 
$
3,694

 
(3
)
%
 
(3
)
%

Growth rates are based on actual, non-rounded amounts and may not recalculate precisely

Cardiovascular
Interventional Cardiology
Our Interventional Cardiology division develops, manufactures and markets technologies for diagnosing and treating coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular disorders. Product offerings include coronary stents, including drug-eluting and bare metal stent systems, balloon catheters, rotational atherectomy systems, guide wires, guide catheters, embolic protection devices, and diagnostic catheters used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedures, as well as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging systems.
During the fourth quarter of 2012, we received CE Mark approval for our next generation SYNERGY™ Everolimus-Eluting Platinum Chromium Coronary Stent System featuring an ultra-thin abluminal (outer) bioabsorbable polymer coating and commenced a limited commercial launch. The SYNERGY Stent System is unique in that its polymer is gone shortly after drug elution is complete at three months. This innovation has the potential to improve post-implant vessel healing and eliminate long-term polymer exposure, a possible cause of late adverse events. We are currently enrolling patients in the EVOLVE II clinical trial, which is designed to further assess the safety and effectiveness of the SYNERGY Stent System and support U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Japanese regulatory approvals for this technology. In the first quarter of 2013, we received CE Mark approval and launched our Promus PREMIER™ Everolimus-Eluting Platinum Chromium Coronary Stent System in Europe and other select geographies. The Promus PREMIER Stent System is designed to provide physicians improved drug-eluting stent (DES) performance in treating patients with coronary artery disease.  We expect to launch the Promus PREMIER Stent System in the U.S. in the fourth quarter of 2013 following FDA approval.
Our worldwide net sales of Interventional Cardiology products were $520 million in the second quarter of 2013, or approximately 29 percent of our consolidated net sales in the second quarter of 2013. Our worldwide net sales of Interventional Cardiology products decreased $29 million, or five percent, in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to 2012. Excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which had a $15 million negative impact on our Interventional Cardiology net sales in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the same period in the prior year, net sales of these products decreased $14 million, or three percent. This decrease was primarily due to lower coronary stent system sales, as a result of lower DES market share following competitive product launches during 2012 and average selling price declines, partially offset by higher sales of our non-stent Interventional Cardiology products.

42

Our coronary stent system sales represent a significant portion of our Interventional Cardiology net sales. The following are the components of our worldwide coronary stent system sales:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
(in millions)
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
 
U.S.
 
International
 
Total
 
U.S.
 
International
 
Total
Drug-eluting
 
$
117

 
$
170

 
$
287

 
$
140

 
$
178

 
$
318

Bare-metal
 
5

 
12

 
17

 
6

 
16

 
22

 
 
$
122

 
$
182

 
$
304

 
$
146

 
$
194

 
$
340

Our worldwide net sales of coronary stent systems decreased $36 million, or 11 percent, in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to 2012. Excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which had a $9 million negative impact on our coronary stent system net sales in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the same period in the prior year, net sales of these products decreased $27 million, or eight percent. This decrease was primarily related to lower market share due to competitive launches in 2012, average selling price declines following competitive product launches during 2012, partially offset by higher sales of our non-stent Interventional Cardiology products. We believe that our U.S. DES share was stable during the second quarter of 2013 as compared to the first quarter of 2013.
Historically, the worldwide coronary stent market has been dynamic and highly competitive with significant market share volatility. We believe that we will continue to maintain a strong position within the worldwide DES market for a variety of reasons, including:
•
the performance benefits of our current and future technology;
•
the strength of our pipeline of DES products, which has shown favorable results in clinical trials to date;
•
the breadth and depth of our interventional cardiology product portfolio;
•
the broad and consistent long-term results of our clinical trials;
•
our overall position in the interventional medical device market and our experienced interventional cardiology sales force;
•
the strength of our clinical, selling, marketing and manufacturing capabilities; and
•
our increased presence and investment in rapidly growing emerging markets, including Brazil, Russia, India and China.
However, a decline in net sales from our DES systems could have a significant adverse impact on our operating results. Significant variables that may impact the size of the DES market and our position within this market include, but are not limited to:
•
the impact of competitive pricing pressure on average selling prices of DES systems available in the market;
•
the impact and outcomes of on-going and future clinical trials involving our or our competitors’ products, including those trials sponsored by our competitors or other third parties, or perceived product performance of our or our competitors’ products;
•
new product launches by our competitors;
•
our ability to timely and successfully launch new or next-generation products and technologies, in line with our commercialization strategies;
•
physician and patient confidence in our current and next-generation technology;
•
changes in the overall number of percutaneous coronary intervention procedures performed, drug-eluting stent penetration rates and the average number of stents used per procedure;
•
delayed or limited regulatory approvals and unfavorable reimbursement policies; and
•
the outcome of intellectual property litigation.

43

In January 2011, we completed the acquisition of Sadra Medical, Inc. (Sadra). Through our acquisition of Sadra, we are developing a fully repositionable and retrievable device for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to treat patients with severe aortic stenosis. The Lotus™ Valve System consists of a stent-mounted tissue valve prosthesis and catheter delivery system for guidance and placement of the valve. The low-profile delivery system and introducer sheath are designed to enable accurate positioning, repositioning and retrieval at any time prior to release of the aortic valve implant. In April 2013, we completed enrollment in the REPRISE II clinical trial to evaluate the safety and performance of the Lotus™ Valve System. We expect to receive CE Mark approval for the Lotus ™ Valve System and commence our launch in Europe and certain other international markets during the fourth quarter of 2013.
In March 2011, we completed the acquisition of Atritech, Inc. (Atritech). Atritech developed a novel device designed to close the left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation who are at risk for ischemic stroke. The WATCHMAN® Left Atrial Appendage Closure Technology is the first device proven in a randomized clinical trial to offer an alternative to anticoagulant drugs, and is marketed in CE Mark countries. In the U.S., we completed the PREVAIL trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the WATCHMAN® device in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation versus long-term warfarin therapy, and during the second quarter of 2013, we submitted the final clinical module to the FDA and expect FDA approval and launch in the first half of 2014. We are leveraging expertise from both our Electrophysiology and Interventional Cardiology businesses in the commercialization of the WATCHMAN® device.
Peripheral Interventions (PI)
Our PI product offerings include stents, balloon catheters, wires, peripheral embolization devices and other devices used to diagnose and treat peripheral vascular disease. Our worldwide net sales of these products were $199 million in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to $196 million in the second quarter of 2012, an increase of $3 million. Excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, our worldwide PI net sales increased $9 million, or five percent, in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the second quarter of 2012. The year-over-year increase in worldwide PI net sales was primarily driven by growth in our core PI franchise as the result of new product launches in stents and balloons, as well as the launch of the Vessix renal denervation system in Europe.
During the fourth quarter of 2012, we completed the acquisition of Vessix Vascular, Inc. (Vessix), a developer of catheter-based renal denervation systems for the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension. Through the acquisition of Vessix, we added a second generation, highly differentiated technology to our hypertension strategy. During the second quarter of 2013, we launched this technology in Europe, and we expect to commence our U.S. IDE clinical trial in early 2014.
Rhythm Management
Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM)
Our CRM division develops, manufactures and markets a variety of implantable devices including implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) systems and pacemaker systems that monitor the heart and deliver electricity to treat cardiac abnormalities. Worldwide net sales of our CRM products of $475 million in the second quarter of 2013, represented approximately 26 percent of our consolidated net sales for the second quarter of 2013. Our worldwide CRM net sales decreased $13 million, or three percent, in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the same period in the prior year. Excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which had a $4 million negative impact on our second quarter 2013 CRM net sales as compared to the same period in the prior year, our CRM net sales decreased $9 million, or two percent.
The following are the components of our worldwide CRM net sales:

 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
(in millions)
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
 
U.S.
 
International
 
Total
 
U.S.
 
International
 
Total
ICD systems
 
$
213

 
$
129

 
$
342

 
$
220

 
$
135

 
$
355

Pacemaker systems
 
69

 
64

 
133

 
64

 
69

 
133

CRM products
 
$
282

 
$
193

 
$
475

 
$
284

 
$
204

 
$
488


44

The reduction in our worldwide CRM net sales during the second quarter of 2013 as compared to the second quarter of 2012 was principally the result of declines in our ICD system sales primarily due to the impact of average selling price pressures driven by governmental, competitive and other pricing pressures. Our pacemaker system net sales were flat during the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the second quarter of 2012, but increased slightly excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, due to the continued strong performance of our INGENIO family of pacemaker systems.
During the second quarter of 2012, we completed the acquisition of Cameron Health, Inc. (Cameron). Cameron developed the world's first and only commercially available subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator, the S-ICD® System, which we believe is a differentiated technology that will provide us the opportunity to both increase our market share in the existing ICD market and expand that market over time. The S-ICD® system has received CE Mark and FDA approval. We continued to make progress in our efforts to enhance the S-ICD supply chain following early FDA approval in the third quarter of 2012. Despite these efforts, we have been supply constrained since early March 2013 and are only able to provide a very limited supply of S-ICD systems. We are managing this supply shortage with our customers and we continue to work diligently to expand our production capacity. We expect that these efforts will allow us to resume our controlled launch of the S-ICD system in the third quarter of 2013.
Net sales from our CRM products represent a significant source of our overall net sales. Therefore, increases or decreases in our CRM net sales could have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations. Variables that may impact the size of the CRM market and/or our share of that market include, but are not limited to:
•
the on-going impact of physician alignment to hospitals, government investigations and audits of hospitals, and other market and economic conditions on the overall number of procedures performed and average selling prices;
•
our ability to retain and attract key members of our CRM sales force and other key CRM personnel;
•
the ability of CRM manufacturers to maintain the trust and confidence of the implanting physician community, the referring physician community and prospective patients in CRM technologies;
•
future product field actions or new physician advisories issued by us or our competitors;
•
our ability to timely and successfully acquire or develop, launch and supply new or next-generation competitive products and technologies worldwide, in line with our commercialization strategies, including the S-ICD® system;
•
new product launches by our competitors;
•
variations in clinical results, reliability or product performance of our and our competitors’ products; and
•
delayed or limited regulatory approvals and unfavorable reimbursement policies.
Electrophysiology
Our Electrophysiology business develops less-invasive medical technologies used in the diagnosis and treatment of rate and rhythm disorders of the heart. Our products include the Blazer™ line of ablation catheters, designed to deliver enhanced performance, responsiveness and durability. Worldwide net sales of our Electrophysiology products were $36 million in the second quarter of 2013 as compared to $37 million in the second quarter of 2012, a decline of $1 million. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates did not materially affect our Electrophysiology net sales in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the same period in the prior year.
During the fourth quarter of 2012, we completed the acquisition of Rhythmia Medical, Inc. (Rhythmia), a developer of next-generation mapping and navigation solutions for use in cardiac catheter ablations and other electrophysiology procedures, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. We received CE Mark approval for the Rhythmia technology during the second quarter of 2013 and received FDA approval during July of 2013. We believe that this acquisition, as well as our other expected product launches, will help to position us to competitively participate in the fast-growing Electrophysiology market.
In June 2013, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Bard EP, the electrophysiology business of C.R. Bard Inc., which generated $111 million of sales in 2012. We believe that this transaction brings a strong Bard commercial team and complementary portfolio of ablation catheters, diagnostic tools, and electrophysiology recording systems. We expect this transaction will allow us to better serve the global Electrophysiology market through a more comprehensive portfolio offering and sales infrastructure. See Note B - Acquisitions to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details related to the acquisition.

45

MedSurg
Endoscopy
Our Endoscopy division develops and manufactures devices to treat a variety of medical conditions including diseases of the digestive and pulmonary systems. Our worldwide net sales of these products were $325 million for the second quarter in 2013, as compared to $311 million in the second quarter of 2012, an increase of $14 million, or five percent. Our Endoscopy net sales increased $25 million, or eight percent, in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the second quarter of 2012 excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which had a $11 million negative impact on our Endoscopy net sales in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the same period in the prior year. Our Endoscopy sales performance was primarily the result of growth across several of our key product franchises, including our hemostasis franchise on the continued adoption and utilization of our Resolution Clip for gastrointestinal bleeding; our biliary device franchise driven by our TrueTome biliary access device and our Expect™ Endoscopic Ultrasound Aspiration Needle; our metal stent franchise driven by our WallFlex® product family; and improved adoption of the Alair® Bronchial Thermoplasty system.
During the fourth quarter of 2010, we completed our acquisition of Asthmatx, Inc. (Asthmatx) and currently design, manufacture and market a less-invasive, catheter-based bronchial thermoplasty procedure for the treatment of severe persistent asthma. The Alair System, developed by Asthmatx, has both CE Mark and FDA approval and is the first device-based asthma treatment approved by the FDA. Beginning January 1, 2013, the American Medical Association (AMA) Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) editorial panel assigned category I CPT codes specifically for bronchial thermoplasty. The Category I CPT procedure codes are recognized by all public and private health insurance payers in the United States, which will allow physicians and hospitals to seek reimbursement for bronchial thermoplasty procedures. We believe these codes will provide greater access to treatment for patients with poorly controlled severe asthma, help facilitate claims processing and help private payers' approve coverage for this form of treatment. We expect five-year safety and efficacy data to be published in the third quarter of 2013 and continue to focus on driving commercialization and increased awareness of the Alair® System. We expect this technology to strengthen our existing offering of pulmonary devices and contribute to future sales growth and diversification of the Endoscopy business.
Urology/Women’s Health
Our Urology/Women’s Health division develops and manufactures devices to treat various urological and gynecological disorders. Our worldwide net sales of these products were $124 million in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to $126 million in the second quarter of 2012, a decrease of approximately $2 million, or one percent. Excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, our worldwide Urology/Women's Health net sales increased $1 million in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the second quarter of 2012.

During the second quarter of 2013, net sales growth in our Urology business was flat compared to declines in our Women's Health revenues of approximately six percent.  The sales decline in our Women's Health business was primarily due to continued pressures on elective procedures in the U.S. and lower U.S. sales levels following the FDA release of a Public Health Notice update in July 2011 regarding complications related to the use of urogynecologic surgical mesh for pelvic organ prolapse.  We believe that our Urology/Women's Health business has the opportunity for growth as a result of our recent product launches in the U.S. and our continued expansion of the global footprint of this business.
Neuromodulation
Our Neuromodulation business offers the Precision® and Precision Spectra™ Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) systems, used for the management of chronic pain. Our worldwide net sales of Neuromodulation products were $111 million in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to $91 million in the second quarter of 2012, an increase of $20 million, or 21 percent. Foreign currency fluctuations did not significantly impact our Neuromodulation net sales in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the same period in the prior year. The sales growth was primarily driven by net sales of our Precision Spectra System. We received CE Mark approval for the Precision Spectra System during the fourth quarter of 2012 and we received FDA approval and commenced our U.S. commercial launch of the device during the first quarter of 2013. The Precision Spectra System is the world's first and only SCS system with 32 contacts and 32 dedicated power sources and is designed to provide improved pain relief to a wide range of patients who suffer from chronic pain.
During the third quarter of 2012, we received CE Mark approval for use of our Vercise™ Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) System for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in Europe, and we began our U.S. pivotal trial for the treatment of Parkinson's disease during the second quarter of 2013. We believe we have an exciting opportunity in DBS with our ability to customize the field designed to precisely stimulate the target without extraneous stimulation of adjacent areas that may cause unwanted side effects.

46

Emerging Markets

As part of our strategic imperatives to drive global expansion, described in our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K, we are seeking to grow net sales and market share by expanding our global presence. In particular, we are focusing our efforts and increasing our investment in certain countries whose economies and healthcare sectors are growing rapidly, as well as others, in order to maximize opportunities in those countries. As a result of these efforts, in the second quarter of 2013, we increased net sales in Brazil, Russia, India and China by approximately 29% over the same period in the prior year on an as reported basis and continued investments in infrastructure in those countries.
Gross Profit
Our gross profit was $1.279 billion for the second quarter of 2013, $1.250 billion for the second quarter of 2012, $2.462 billion for the first half of 2013, and $2.485 billion for the first half of 2012. As a percentage of net sales, our gross profit increased to 70.7 percent in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to 68.4 percent in the second quarter of 2012 and was 69.0 percent for the first half of 2013, as compared to 67.3 percent for the first half of 2012. The following is a reconciliation of our gross profit margins and a description of the drivers of the change from period to period:
 
Three Months
Six Months
Gross profit margin - period ended June 30, 2012
68.4
 %
67.3
 %
Manufacturing cost reductions
1.5

1.9

PROMUS® supply true-up
0.9

0.4

Sales from divested businesses
0.5

0.1

All other
0.2

0.3

Sales pricing
(0.8
)
(1.0
)
Gross profit margin - period ended June 30, 2013
70.7
 %
69.0
 %
The primary factors contributing to the increase in our gross profit margin during the second quarter of 2013, as compared to the same period in 2012, were the positive impact of cost reductions as a result of our restructuring and other process improvement programs. In addition, during the second quarter of 2013, we recorded a credit to cost of products sold related to the final retroactive pricing adjustment pursuant to our PROMUS® supply arrangement with Abbott for historical purchases of PROMUS® stent systems. We do not anticipate future adjustments related to this supply arrangement. Our gross profit margin was also positively impacted due to lower sales related to our divested businesses, as these sales are at significantly lower gross profit margins. Partially offsetting these factors was the negative impact of pricing related primarily to sales of our drug-eluting stent and CRM products.
The increase in our gross profit margin for the first half of 2013, as compared to the first half of 2012, primarily resulted from cost reductions from our restructuring and other process improvement programs, and the positive impact of the retroactive pricing adjustment related to the PROMUS® supply true-up. Partially offsetting these factors was the impact of pricing related primarily to sales of our drug-eluting stent and CRM products.
Operating Expenses
The following table provides a summary of certain of our operating expenses:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
% of Net
 
 
 
% of Net
 
 
 
% of Net
 
 
 
% of Net
(in millions)
 
$
 
Sales
 
$
 
Sales
 
$
 
Sales
 
$
 
Sales
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
661

 
36.5
%
 
648

 
35.4
%
 
1,292

 
36.2
%
 
1,306

 
35.4
%
Research and development expenses
 
223

 
12.3
%
 
213

 
11.7
%
 
427

 
12.0
%
 
428

 
11.6
%
Royalty expense
 
47

 
2.6
%
 
48

 
2.6
%
 
87

 
2.4
%
 
96

 
2.6
%

47

Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) Expenses
In the second quarter of 2013, our SG&A expenses increased $13 million, or two percent, as compared to the second quarter of 2012, and were approximately 110 basis points higher as a percentage of net sales. This increase was driven primarily by our increased investment related to acquisitions and our expansion efforts in emerging markets, as well as $18 million of expense associated with the new excise tax on U.S. sales of Class I, II and III medical devices that went into effect January 1, 2013. Partially offsetting these increases were declines in spending as a result of our restructuring and other cost reduction initiatives and the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
In the first half of 2013, our SG&A expenses decreased $14 million, or one percent, as compared to the first half of 2012 and were 80 basis points higher as a percentage of net sales. The decrease in SG&A expenses was driven primarily by declines in spending as a result of our restructuring and other cost reduction initiatives, and the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These decreases in SG&A were partially offset by increased investment related to acquisitions and our expansion efforts in emerging markets, as well as $35 million of expense associated with the new excise tax on U.S. sales of Class I, II and III medical devices that went into effect January 1, 2013.
Research and Development (R&D) Expenses
In the second quarter of 2013, our R&D expenses increased $10 million, or five percent, as compared to the second quarter of 2012, and were 60 basis points higher as a percentage of net sales. The increase was due primarily to R&D funding for our acquisitions. Partially offsetting these increases was our continued focus on cost reduction initiatives associated with our restructuring programs and the benefits from our strategy to transform our research and development efforts to be more effective and cost efficient. In the first half of 2013, our R&D expenses remained consistent with the first half of 2012. We remain committed to advancing medical technologies and investing in meaningful research and development projects across our businesses in order to maintain a healthy pipeline of new products that we believe will contribute to profitable sales growth.
Royalty Expense
In the second quarter of 2013, our royalty expense remained consistent with the second quarter of 2012. In the first half of 2013, our royalty expense decreased $9 million, or nine percent, as compared to the first half of 2012, and was slightly lower as a percentage of net sales. This decrease relates primarily to lower sales of our royalty-bearing products within our Interventional Cardiology business.
Amortization Expense
Our amortization expense was $101 million in the second quarter of 2013, as compared to $99 million in the second quarter of 2012 and $204 million in the first half of 2013, as compared to $195 million in the first half of 2012. This increase was due primarily to amortizable intangible assets acquired during 2012. This non-cash charge is excluded by management for purposes of evaluating operating performance and assessing liquidity.
Goodwill Impairment Charge
2013 Charge
We test our goodwill balances during the second quarter of each year for impairment, or more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. Following our reorganization from regions to global business units and our reallocation of goodwill on a relative fair value basis, we conducted the first step of the goodwill impairment test for all new global reporting units as of January 1, 2013. The first step requires a comparison of the carrying value of the reporting units to the fair value of these units. The fair value of each new global reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, with the exception of the global CRM reporting unit. The global CRM reporting unit carrying value exceeded its fair value primarily due to the carrying value of its amortizable intangible assets. The carrying value of amortizable intangible assets allocated to the global CRM reporting unit was $4.636 billion as of January 1, 2013. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), we tested the global CRM amortizable intangible assets for impairment in conjunction with the interim goodwill impairment test of our global CRM reporting unit. We performed the impairment analysis of the amortizable intangible assets on an undiscounted cash flow basis, and concluded that these assets were not impaired.

48

The second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the estimated fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill to its carrying value. We performed the second step of the goodwill impairment test on the global CRM reporting unit and recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $423 million to write-down the goodwill to its implied fair value as of January 1, 2013. The primary driver of this impairment charge was our reorganization from geographic regions to global business units as of January 1, 2013, which changed the composition of our reporting units. As a result of the reorganization, any goodwill allocated to the global CRM reporting unit was no longer supported by the cash flows of other businesses. Under our former reporting unit structure, the goodwill allocated to our regional reporting units was supported by the cash flows from all businesses in each international region. The hypothetical tax structure of the global CRM business and the global CRM business discount rate applied were also contributing factors to the goodwill impairment charge. We finalized the second step of the global CRM goodwill impairment test during the second quarter of 2013 and determined that no adjustments to the charge were required. After recording the impairment charge in the first quarter of 2013, there was no remaining goodwill allocated to the global CRM reporting unit as of March 31, 2013.

The goodwill impairment charge taken during the first quarter of 2013 was determined on a global CRM basis pursuant to our new organizational structure. We used the income approach, specifically the discounted cash flow (DCF) method, to derive the fair value of the global CRM reporting unit. We completed a DCF model associated with our new global CRM business, including the amount and timing of future expected cash flows, tax attributes, the terminal value growth rate of approximately two percent and the appropriate market-participant risk-adjusted weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of approximately 12 percent.
In the second quarter of 2013, we performed our annual goodwill impairment test for all of our reporting units. In conjunction with our annual test, the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value except CRM, for which no goodwill remains. Therefore, it was deemed not necessary to proceed to the second step of the impairment test. We continue to identify our global Neuromodulation reporting unit as being at higher risk of potential failure of the first step of the goodwill impairment test in future reporting periods. Our global Neuromodulation reporting unit had excess fair value over carrying value of approximately 16 percent and held $1.356 billion of allocated goodwill as of June 30, 2013. In addition, future changes in our reporting units or in the structure of our business as a result of future reorganizations, acquisitions or divestitures of assets or businesses could result in future impairments of goodwill within our reporting units including global CRM. Further, the recoverability of our CRM-related amortizable intangibles ($4.510 billion globally as of June 30, 2013) is sensitive to future cash flow assumptions and our global CRM business performance. The $4.510 billion of CRM-related amortizable intangibles are at higher risk of potential failure of the first step of the amortizable intangible recoverability test in future reporting periods. An impairment of a material portion of our CRM-related amortizable intangibles carrying value would occur if the second step of the amortizable intangible test is required in a future reporting period.
2012 Charge
During the second quarter of 2012, we performed our annual goodwill impairment test for all of our reporting units and concluded that the goodwill within our former EMEA reporting unit was impaired and recorded a charge of $3.602 billion ($3.579 billion after-tax). As a result of revised estimates developed during our annual strategic planning process and analysis performed in conjunction with our annual goodwill impairment test, we concluded that the revenue growth rates projected for the EMEA reporting unit were slightly lower than our previous estimates primarily driven by macro-economic factors and our performance in the European market. We updated short-term operating projections based on our most recent strategic plan for EMEA prepared by management. We reduced the EMEA long-term growth rates and terminal value growth rate projections and increased the discount rate within our 15-year DCF model for EMEA by approximately 100 basis points due to increased risk associated with our projections in this market primarily as a result of on-going economic uncertainty in Europe. While we do expect revenue growth in our EMEA business, our expectations for future growth and profitability were lower than our previous estimates and reflect declines in average selling prices and volume pressures due to austerity measures. The declines expected in the EMEA market did not impact our assumptions related to other reporting units. For further information, refer to Note D - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K.
Refer to Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates for a discussion of key assumptions used in our testing and future events that could have a negative impact on the recoverability of our goodwill and amortizable intangible assets. Goodwill impairment charges are excluded by management for purposes of evaluating operating performance and assessing liquidity.


49

Intangible Asset Impairment Charges

During the second quarters of 2013 and 2012, as a result of revised estimates developed in conjunction with our annual strategic planning process and annual goodwill impairment test, we performed an interim impairment test of our in-process research and development projects associated with certain of our acquisitions. Based on the results of our impairment analyses, we revised our expectations of the market size related to Sadra Medical, Inc. (Sadra), and the resulting timing and amount of future revenue and cash flows associated with the technology acquired from Sadra. As a result of these changes, we recorded pre-tax impairment charges of $51 million in the second quarter of 2013 and $129 million in the second quarter of 2012 to write-down the balance of these intangible assets to their fair value in each respective period.  We continue to believe that the technology associated with our acquisition of Sadra represents a significant future opportunity for us in the structural heart market. During the second quarter of 2013, we also recorded an additional $2 million intangible asset impairment charge associated with changes in the amount of the expected cash flows related to certain other acquired in-process research and development projects. Intangible impairment charges are excluded by management for purposes of evaluating operating performance and assessing liquidity.

Contingent Consideration Expense
Certain of our acquisitions involve contingent consideration arrangements. Payment of additional consideration is generally contingent on the acquired company reaching certain performance milestones, including attaining specified revenue levels, achieving product development targets or obtaining regulatory approvals. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we recognize a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments we expect to make as of the acquisition date. We re-measure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value through a separate line item within our consolidated statements of operations. Increases or decreases in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability can result from changes in discount periods and rates, as well as changes in the timing and amount of revenue estimates or in the timing or likelihood of achieving regulatory, revenue or commercialization-based milestones.
We recorded net benefits related to the change in fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities of $18 million and $41 million in the second quarter and first half of 2013, respectively, and net expense of $1 million and $11 million during the second quarter and first half of 2012. Contingent consideration expense is excluded by management for purposes of evaluating performance.
Restructuring Charges and Restructuring-related Activities
2011 Restructuring plan
On July 26, 2011, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, a restructuring initiative (the 2011 Restructuring plan) designed to strengthen operational effectiveness and efficiencies, increase competitiveness and support new investments, thereby increasing stockholder value. Key activities under the 2011 Restructuring plan include standardizing and automating certain processes and activities; relocating select administrative and functional activities; rationalizing organizational reporting structures; leveraging preferred vendors; and other efforts to eliminate inefficiency. Among these efforts, we are expanding our ability to deliver best-in-class global shared services for certain functions and divisions at several locations in emerging markets. This action is intended to enable us to grow our global commercial presence in key geographies and take advantage of many cost-reducing and productivity-enhancing opportunities. In addition, we are undertaking efforts to streamline various corporate functions, eliminate bureaucracy, increase productivity and better align corporate resources to our key business strategies. On January 25, 2013, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, an expansion of the 2011 Restructuring plan (the Expansion). The Expansion is intended to further strengthen our operational effectiveness and efficiencies and support new investments. Activities under the 2011 Restructuring plan were initiated in the third quarter of 2011 and all activities, including those related to the Expansion, are expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2013. We expect that the execution of the 2011 Restructuring plan, including the Expansion, will reduce gross annual pre-tax operating expenses by approximately $340 million to $375 million exiting 2013. We expect a substantial portion of these savings to be reinvested in targeted areas for future growth, including strategic growth initiatives and emerging markets.
We estimate that the 2011 Restructuring plan, including the Expansion, will result in total pre-tax charges of approximately $300 million to $355 million, and that approximately $270 million to $300 million of these charges will result in future cash outlays, of which we have made payments of $198 million, which were partially offset by proceeds of $53 million on facility and fixed asset sales, as of June 30, 2013. As of June 30, 2013, we have recorded costs of $234 million since the inception of the 2011 Restructuring plan, including the Expansion, and recorded a portion of these expenses as restructuring charges and the remaining portion through other lines within our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

50

In the aggregate, we recorded net restructuring charges pursuant to our restructuring plans of $26 million and $36 million in the second quarter and first half of 2013, respectively, and $28 million and $39 million during the second quarter and first half of 2012. During the first half of 2013, our restructuring charges were partially offset by a $19 million gain recognized on the sale of our Natick, Massachusetts headquarters. We are currently in the process of consolidating our Natick, Massachusetts headquarters into our Marlborough, Massachusetts location, where we are establishing a new global headquarters campus. In addition, we recorded expenses within other lines of our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations related to our restructuring initiatives of $5 million in the second quarter of 2013 and $10 million during the first half of 2013, and $5 million in the second quarter of 2012 and $11 million during the first half of 2012. Restructuring and restructuring-related costs are excluded by management for purposes of evaluating operating performance.
We made cash payments of $71 million, associated with our restructuring initiatives during the first half of 2013, which were partially offset by $53 million of cash proceeds on facility and fixed asset sales.
See Note G - Restructuring Related Activities to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details related to our restructuring plans.
Litigation-related net charges
We recorded no net litigation-related charges in the second quarter of 2013 and $130 million in the first half of 2013, and $69 million for the second quarter and first half of 2012, which consisted of a charge of $85 million, partially offset by credits of $16 million, recorded in the second quarter of 2012. Significant litigation-related charges and credits are excluded by management for purposes of evaluating operating performance. Refer to Note J – Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussion of our material legal proceedings.
Gain on divestiture
In January 2011, we closed the sale of our Neurovascular business to Stryker Corporation for a purchase price of $1.500 billion, $1.450 billion of which we received at closing. During the second quarter of 2013, we recorded total gains related to this divestiture of $34 million, and we recorded gains of $40 million during the first half of 2013. During the second quarter of 2013, we received an additional $30 million of consideration related to this divestiture, and we expect to receive an additional $10 million, contingent upon the transfer or separation of certain manufacturing facilities, during the third quarter of 2013. Divestiture-related gains or charges are excluded by management for purposes of evaluating operating performance.
Interest Expense
Our interest expense was $65 million in the second quarter of 2013 and $130 million in the first half of 2013, as compared to $64 million in the second quarter of 2012 and $132 million in the first half of 2012. Our average borrowing rate was 5.7 percent in the second quarter of 2013 and 5.7 percent in the first half of 2013, as compared to 5.4 percent in the second quarter of 2012 and 5.6 percent in the first half of 2012. Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources and Note F – Borrowings and Credit Arrangements to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding our debt obligations.
Other, net
Our other, net reflects expense of $3 million in the second quarter of 2013, income of $33 million in the second quarter of 2012, expense of $3 million in the first half of 2013, and income of $27 million in the first half of 2012. The following are the components of other, net:
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Interest income
 
$
3

 
$
1

 
$
5

 
$
2

Foreign currency losses
 
—

 
(7
)
 
(2
)
 
(10
)
Net gains (losses) on investments
 
(3
)
 
39

 
(3
)
 
36

Other income (expense), net
 
(3
)
 
—


(3
)
 
(1
)
 
 
$
(3
)
 
$
33

 
$
(3
)
 
$
27


51

During the second quarter of 2012, we recognized gains of $39 million associated with the acquisition of Cameron in June 2012, related to previously-held investments.
Tax Rate
The following tables provide a summary of our reported tax rate:
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Reported tax rate
 
14.3
%
 
1.1
%
Impact of certain receipts/charges*
 
0.4
%
 
13.4
%
 
 
14.7
%
 
14.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Reported tax rate
 
7.6
%
 
0.9
%
Impact of certain receipts/charges*
 
6.5
%
 
13.8
%
 
 
14.1
%
 
14.7
%
*These receipts/charges are taxed at different rates than our effective tax rate.
The change in our reported tax rate for the second quarter and first half of 2013, as compared to the same periods in 2012, relates primarily to the impact of certain receipts and charges that are taxed at different rates than our effective tax rate and the impact of certain discrete tax items. In the first half of 2013, the receipts and charges included goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges; acquisition- and divestiture-related net credits, and litigation- and restructuring-related charges. The reported tax rate in the second quarter of 2013 was also impacted due to uncertain tax positions related to audit findings, while the first half of 2013 was favorably affected by discrete tax items that primarily related to the reinstatement of tax legislation that has been retroactively applied, offset in part by the resolution of uncertain tax positions related to audit settlements and findings. In the first half of 2012, the receipts and charges included goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges; divestiture-, litigation and restructuring-related net charges; and acquisition-related credits. Our reported tax rate in the first half of 2012 was also affected by discrete tax items related primarily to the resolution of an uncertain tax position resulting from a favorable court ruling.
We have received Notices of Deficiency from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) reflecting proposed audit adjustments for Guidant Corporation (Guidant) for its 2001 through 2006 tax years and Boston Scientific Corporation for its 2006 and 2007 tax years (Notices). Subsequent to issuing these Notices, the IRS conceded a portion of its original assessment. The total incremental tax liability now asserted by the IRS for the applicable periods is $1.162 billion plus interest. The primary issue in dispute for all years is the transfer pricing in connection with the technology license agreements between domestic and foreign subsidiaries of Guidant. In addition, the IRS has proposed adjustments in connection with the financial terms of our Transaction Agreement with Abbott Laboratories (Abbott) pertaining to the sale of Guidant's vascular intervention business to Abbott in April 2006. We do not agree with the transfer pricing methodologies applied by the IRS or its resulting assessment and we believe that the IRS has exceeded its authority by attempting to adjust the terms of our negotiated third-party agreement with Abbott. In addition, we believe that the IRS positions with regard to these matters are inconsistent with the applicable tax laws and the existing Treasury regulations.
We believe we have meritorious defenses for our tax filings and we have filed petitions with the U.S. Tax Court contesting the Notices for the tax years in challenge. No payments on the net assessment would be required until the dispute is definitively resolved, which, based on experiences of other companies, could take several years. We believe that our income tax reserves associated with these matters are adequate and the final resolution will not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. However, final resolution is uncertain and could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.


52

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial results are affected by the selection and application of accounting policies and methods. With the exception of our reorganization from regions to global business units effective January 1, 2013 and its impact to our goodwill and intangible asset valuation, there were no material changes in the six months ended June 30, 2013 to the application of critical accounting policies and estimates as described in our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Valuation of Intangible Assets

Certain of our amortizable intangible assets that relate to our CRM business ($4.510 billion globally of June 30, 2013) are at higher risk of potential failure of the first step of the amortizable intangible recoverability test in future reporting periods. Key assumptions we have made in determining the recoverability of these assets include how we grouped our assets for purposes of measuring cash flows, the estimated life of those cash flows and our expectations for the amount of cash flows generated by these assets over their remaining useful life.

For purposes of testing the CRM-related amortizable intangible assets, we grouped the intangible assets with the other assets and liabilities of the global CRM reporting unit, as a result of having identified the CRM reporting unit as the lowest level of identifiable cash flows because our CRM core technology, which is the primary asset within the CRM asset group, is utilized by all CRM revenue-generating products. As a result, we include cash flows generated by our CRM products in our recoverability analysis through the core technology useful life, which is estimated to end in 2031. We determined the useful life of the core technology based on our expectation of the period during which the technology is expected to contribute to the cash flows of our business. Our core technology represents know-how, patented and unpatented technology, testing methodologies and hardware that is integral to our current and future CRM product generations. This core technology includes battery and capacitor technology, lead technology, software algorithms and interfacing for shocking and pacing used in each therapy franchise.

The recoverability of our CRM-related amortizable intangible assets is sensitive to future cash flow assumptions and our global CRM business performance. The amount of future cash flows within our recoverability analysis include our future projections of revenue, expenses and capital expenditures, which are based on our most recent operational budgets, long range strategic plans and other estimates. These future cash flow assumptions consider the significant investments we have made to renew the CRM reporting unit's product portfolio within its existing core franchises and to develop what we believe to be unique innovative solutions that utilize our core technology; the increased impact to the CRM reporting unit of our emerging markets; and demographic trends toward an aging population. Further, while our CRM revenue has declined over the last three years as a result of factors specific to our CRM business and contraction in the overall CRM market, we believe our CRM revenue will return to low growth over the remaining useful life of our CRM amortizing intangible assets. Events specific to our CRM business included the 2010 product ship hold actions and resulting market share losses, and lower replacement volumes due to historical product recalls. We believe that the contraction in the CRM market was primarily due to lower procedural volumes principally due to a focus on appropriate device usage and increased pressure on selling prices; however, we believe that there has been a recent trend toward stabilization in procedural volumes across the market.

We continue to perform thorough reviews of the CRM market and our recent business results within the market, and consider the impacts on future expectations of performance to determine if any adverse conditions exist or a change in circumstances has occurred that would indicate impairment or a change in the remaining useful life.
Goodwill Valuation
We allocate any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination to goodwill. When allocating goodwill from business combinations to our reporting units, we assign goodwill to the reporting units that we expect to benefit from the respective business combination at the time of acquisition. We assess goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. We test our goodwill balances during the second quarter of each year for impairment, or more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. In performing the assessment, we utilize the two-step approach prescribed under ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other.

53

Effective as of January 1, 2013, we reorganized our business from geographic regions to fully operationalized global business units. Our reorganization changed our reporting structure and changed the composition of our reporting units for goodwill impairment testing purposes. Following the reorganization, we have three new global reportable segments consisting of: Cardiovascular, Rhythm Management, and MedSurg. We determined our new global reporting units by identifying our operating segments and assessing whether any components of these segments constituted a business for which discrete financial information is available and whether segment management regularly reviews the operating results of any components. Through this process, we identified the following new global reporting units as of January 1, 2013: Interventional Cardiology, Peripheral Interventions, Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM), Electrophysiology, Endoscopy, Urology/Women's Health, and Neuromodulation.
To determine the amount of goodwill within our new global reporting units, on a relative fair value basis we reallocated $1.764 billion of goodwill previously allocated to our former Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA), Asia Pacific, Japan, and Americas international reporting units to our new global reporting units. In addition, we reallocated the goodwill previously allocated to the former U.S. divisional reporting units to each respective new global reporting unit, with the exception of the goodwill allocated to the former U.S. Cardiovascular reporting unit. The $2.380 billion of goodwill previously allocated to the former U.S. Cardiovascular reporting unit was reallocated between the global Interventional Cardiology and global Peripheral Interventions reporting units on a relative fair value basis. Following this reallocation, we tested the goodwill remaining in the new reporting units by conducting the first step of the goodwill impairment test for all global reporting units as of January 1, 2013. The first step requires a comparison of the carrying value of the reporting units to the fair value of these units. Refer to Quarterly Results for discussion of the results of our interim goodwill testing during the first quarter of 2013.
For our 2013 and our 2012 goodwill impairment testing, we used only the income approach, specifically the discounted cash flow (DCF) method, to derive the fair value of each of our reporting units in preparing our goodwill impairment assessments. This approach calculates fair value by estimating the after-tax cash flows attributable to a reporting unit and then discounting these after-tax cash flows to a present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. We selected this method as being the most meaningful in preparing our goodwill assessments because we believe the income approach most appropriately measures our income producing assets. We have considered using the market approach and cost approach but concluded they are not appropriate in valuing our reporting units given differences in our reporting units' mix of currently marketed products, market shares, future product launch cadence, and expected profitability levels that render the market comparisons less relevant for application of the market approach and the inability to replicate the value of the specific technology-based assets within our reporting units for application of the cost approach. Therefore, we believe that the income approach represents the most appropriate valuation technique for which sufficient data is available to determine the fair value of our reporting units.
In applying the income approach to our accounting for goodwill, we make assumptions about the amount and timing of future expected cash flows, terminal value growth rates and appropriate discount rates. The amount and timing of future cash flows within our DCF analysis is based on our most recent operational budgets, long range strategic plans and other estimates. The terminal value growth rate is used to calculate the value of cash flows beyond the last projected period in our DCF analysis and reflects our best estimates for stable, perpetual growth of our reporting units. We use estimates of market-participant risk-adjusted WACC as a basis for determining the discount rates to apply to our reporting units’ future expected cash flows. In addition, for purposes of performing our goodwill impairment tests, assets and liabilities, including corporate assets, which relate to a reporting unit’s operations, and would be considered in determining its fair value, are allocated to the individual reporting units. We allocate assets and liabilities not directly related to a specific reporting unit, but from which the reporting unit benefits, based primarily on the respective revenue contribution of each reporting unit.
If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we then perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the estimated fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill to its carrying value. If we were unable to complete the second step of the test prior to the issuance of our financial statements and an impairment loss was probable and could be reasonably estimated, we would recognize our best estimate of the loss in our current period financial statements and disclose that the amount is an estimate. We would then recognize any adjustment to that estimate in subsequent reporting periods, once we have finalized the second step of the impairment test.
Although we use consistent methodologies in developing the assumptions and estimates underlying the fair value calculations used in our impairment tests, these estimates are uncertain by nature and can vary from actual results. The use of alternative valuation assumptions, including estimated revenue projections, growth rates, cash flows and discount rates could result in different fair value estimates.

54

As of June 30, 2013, we continue to identify our global Neuromodulation reporting unit as being at higher risk of potential failure of the first step of the goodwill impairment test in future reporting periods. Our global Neuromodulation reporting unit had excess fair value over carrying value of approximately 16 percent and held $1.356 billion of allocated goodwill. In addition, future changes in our reporting units or in the structure of our business as a result of future reorganizations, acquisitions or divestitures of assets or businesses could result in future impairments of goodwill within the global CRM reporting unit or other reporting units.
On a quarterly basis, we monitor the key drivers of fair value to detect events or other changes that would warrant an interim impairment test of our goodwill and intangible assets. The key variables that drive the cash flows of our reporting units and amortizable intangibles are estimated revenue growth rates and levels of profitability. Terminal value growth rate assumptions, as well as the WACC rate applied are additional key variables for reporting unit cash flows. These assumptions are subject to uncertainty, including our ability to grow revenue and improve profitability levels. Relatively small declines in the future performance and cash flows of a reporting unit or asset group or small changes in other key assumptions may result in the recognition of significant asset impairment charges. For example, keeping all other variables constant, an increase in the WACC applied of 80 basis points or a 200 basis point decrease in the terminal value growth rate would require that we perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test for the global Neuromodulation reporting unit. The estimates used for our future cash flows and discount rates represent management's best estimates, which we believe to be reasonable, but future declines in business performance may impair the recoverability of our goodwill and intangible asset balances.
Future events that could have a negative impact on the levels of excess fair value over carrying value of our reporting units and/or amortizable intangible assets include, but are not limited to:
•
decreases in estimated market sizes or market growth rates due to greater-than-expected declines in procedural volumes, pricing pressures, product actions, and/or competitive technology developments;
•
declines in our market share and penetration assumptions due to increased competition, an inability to develop or launch new and next-generation products and technology features in line with our commercialization strategies, and market and/or regulatory conditions that may cause significant launch delays or product recalls;
•
decreases in our forecasted profitability due to an inability to successfully implement and achieve timely and sustainable cost improvement measures consistent with our expectations, increases in our market-participant tax rate, and/or changes in tax laws;
•
negative developments in intellectual property litigation that may impact our ability to market certain products or increase our costs to sell certain products;
•
the level of success of on-going and future research and development efforts, including those related to recent acquisitions, and increases in the research and development costs necessary to obtain regulatory approvals and launch new products;
•
the level of success in managing the growth of acquired companies, achieving sustained profitability consistent with our expectations, establishing government and third-party payer reimbursement, supplying the market, and increases in the costs and time necessary to integrate acquired businesses into our operations successfully;
•
changes in our reporting units or in the structure of our business as a result of future reorganizations, acquisitions or divestitures of assets or businesses;
•
increases in our market-participant risk-adjusted WACC; and
•
declines in revenue as a result of loss of key members of our sales force or other key personnel.
Negative changes in one or more of these factors, among others, could result in additional impairment charges.


55

Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2013, we had $530 million of cash and cash equivalents on hand, comprised of $102 million invested in money market and government funds, $272 million invested in short-term time deposits, and $156 million in interest bearing and non-interest bearing bank accounts. We invest excess cash on hand in short-term financial instruments that earn market interest rates while mitigating principal risk through instrument and counterparty diversification, as well as what we believe to be prudent instrument selection.  We limit our direct exposure to securities in any one industry or issuer. We also have full access to our $2.000 billion revolving credit facility and $300 million of available borrowings under our credit and security facility secured by our U.S. trade receivables, both described below.
The following provides a summary and description of our net cash inflows (outflows) for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in millions)
 
2013
 
2012
Cash provided by operating activities
 
$
559

 
$
619

Cash used for investing activities
 
(39
)
 
(253
)
Cash used for financing activities
 
(196
)
 
(263
)
Operating Activities
During the first half of 2013, we generated $559 million from operating activities, as compared to $619 million generated during the first half of 2012, a decrease of $60 million. This decrease was primarily driven by increases in our working capital, partially offset by a litigation-related cash receipt.
Investing Activities

During the first half of 2013, cash used for investing activities included $15 million of payments to acquire certain technologies and privately-held securities. Cash used for investing activities also included purchases of property, plant and equipment of $104 million that were partially offset by $53 million of proceeds received from the sale of our Natick, Massachusetts headquarters in March 2013. We are currently in the process of consolidating our Natick, Massachusetts headquarters into our Marlborough, Massachusetts location, where we are establishing a new global headquarters campus. In addition, our cash flow from investing activities included $30 million of proceeds related to the 2011 sale of our Neurovascular business to Stryker Corporation. During the first half of 2012, cash used for investing activities was comprised primarily of the acquisition of Cameron and purchases of property, plants and equipment.
Financing Activities
Our cash flows from financing activities reflect issuances and repayments of debt, proceeds from stock issuances related to our equity incentive programs and repurchases of common stock pursuant to our authorized repurchase programs, discussed in Note L - Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K. During the first half of 2013, we repurchased 26 million shares of our common stock for approximately $200 million, pursuant to our authorized repurchase programs. During the first half of 2012, we repurchased 41 million shares of our common stock for approximately $250 million.

56

Debt

We hold investment-grade ratings with all three major credit-rating agencies. We believe our investment grade credit profile reflects the size and diversity of our product portfolio, our share position in several of our served markets, our strong cash flow, our solid financial fundamentals and our financial strategy. We had total debt of $4.252 billion as of June 30, 2013 and $4.256 billion as of December 31, 2012. The debt maturity schedule for the significant components of our debt obligations as of June 30, 2013 is as follows:

 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Thereafter

Total
Senior notes
 
$
—


$
600


$
1,250


$
600


$
250


$
1,500


$
4,200

 
 
$
—


$
600


$
1,250


$
600


$
250


$
1,500


$
4,200

Note:
The table above does not include unamortized discounts associated with our senior notes, or amounts related to terminated interest rate contracts used to hedge the fair value of certain of our senior notes.
Revolving Credit Facility
We maintain a $2.0 billion revolving credit facility, maturing in April 2017, with a global syndicate of commercial banks. Eurodollar and multicurrency loans under this revolving credit facility bear interest at LIBOR plus an interest margin of between 0.875 percent and 1.475 percent, based on our corporate credit ratings and consolidated leverage ratio (1.275 percent as of June 30, 2013). In addition, we are required to pay a facility fee based on our credit ratings, consolidated leverage ratio, and the total amount of revolving credit commitments, regardless of usage, under the agreement (0.225 percent as of June 30, 2013). There were no amounts borrowed under our revolving credit facility as of June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012.
Our revolving credit facility agreement requires that we maintain certain financial covenants, as follows:
 
Covenant
Requirement
 
Actual as of
June 30, 2013
Maximum leverage ratio (1)
3.5 times
 
2.4 times
Minimum interest coverage ratio (2)
3.0 times
 
6.9 times

(1)
Ratio of total debt to consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the credit agreement, for the preceding four consecutive fiscal quarters.
(2)
Ratio of consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the credit agreement, to interest expense for the preceding four consecutive fiscal quarters.
The credit agreement provides for an exclusion from the calculation of consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the agreement, through the credit agreement maturity, of any non-cash charges and up to $500 million in restructuring charges and restructuring-related expenses related to our current or future restructuring plans. As of June 30, 2013, we had $312 million of the restructuring exclusion remaining. In addition, any cash litigation payments (net of any cash litigation receipts), as defined by the agreement, are excluded from the calculation of consolidated EBITDA and any new debt issued to fund any tax deficiency payments is excluded from consolidated total debt, as defined in the agreement, provided that the sum of any net excluded cash litigation payments and any new debt issued to fund any tax deficiency payments shall not exceed $2.300 billion in the aggregate. As of June 30, 2013, we had approximately $2.290 billion of the combined legal and debt exclusion remaining. As of and through June 30, 2013, we were in compliance with the required covenants.
Any inability to maintain compliance with these covenants could require us to seek to renegotiate the terms of our credit facilities or seek waivers from compliance with these covenants, both of which could result in additional borrowing costs. Further, there can be no assurance that our lenders would agree to such new terms or grant such waivers.

57

Term Loan
In August 2013, we entered into a new $400 million, unsecured term loan facility. Term loan borrowings under this facility bear interest at LIBOR plus an interest margin of between 1.0 percent and 1.75 percent (currently 1.5 percent), based on our corporate credit ratings and consolidated leverage ratio. The term loan borrowings are payable over a 5-year period, with quarterly principal payments of $20 million commencing in the first quarter of 2016 and the remaining principal amount due at the final maturity date in August 2018, and are repayable at any time without premium or penalty. Our term loan facility requires that we comply with certain covenants, including financial covenants with respect to maximum leverage and minimum interest coverage, which are consistent with the corresponding covenants in our existing revolving credit facility.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this facility to redeem a portion of our 5.45% notes due June 15, 2014, of which $600 million aggregate principal amount is outstanding, and to pay related fees, expenses and premiums.
Senior Notes
We had senior notes outstanding in the amount of $4.200 billion as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
Other Arrangements
We also maintain a credit and security facility secured by our U.S. trade receivables. In June 2013, we extended the maturity of this facility through June 2015, subject to further extension, reduced the size of the facility from $350 million to $300 million and added a maximum leverage covenant consistent with our revolving credit facility. The maximum leverage ratio requirement is 3.5 times, our actual leverage ratio as of June 30, 2013 is 2.4 times. We had no borrowings outstanding under this facility as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
We have accounts receivable factoring programs in certain European countries that we account for as sales under ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing. These agreements provide for the sale of accounts receivable to third parties, without recourse, of up to approximately $296 million as of June 30, 2013. We have no retained interests in the transferred receivables, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable are no longer available to satisfy creditors in the event of bankruptcy. We de-recognized $189 million of receivables as of June 30, 2013 at an average interest rate of 3.5 percent, and $191 million as of December 31, 2012 at an average interest rate of 1.6 percent. Within Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece the number of days our receivables are outstanding has increased above historical levels. We believe we have adequate allowances for doubtful accounts related to our Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece accounts receivable; however, we will continue to monitor the European economic environment for any collectibility issues related to our outstanding receivables. As of June 30, 2013, our net receivables in these countries greater than 180 days past due totaled $66 million, of which $18 million were past due greater than 365 days. In addition, we are currently pursuing alternative factoring providers and financing arrangements to mitigate our credit exposure to receivables in this region.
In addition, we have uncommitted credit facilities with a Japanese bank that provide for borrowings, promissory notes discounting, and receivables factoring of up to 21.0 billion Japanese yen (converted to approximately $212 million as of June 30, 2013). We de-recognized $158 million of notes receivables as of June 30, 2013 at an average interest rate of 1.8 percent and $182 million of notes receivables as of December 31, 2012 at an average interest rate of 1.6 percent. De-recognized accounts and notes receivable are excluded from trade accounts receivable, net in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Equity
During the first half of 2013 and 2012, we received $19 million and $9 million, respectively, in proceeds from stock issuances related to our stock option and employee stock purchase plans. Proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options and employee stock purchases vary from period to period based upon, among other factors, fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock and in the exercise and stock purchase patterns of employees. We repurchased 26 million shares of our common stock during the first half of 2013 for approximately $200 million, pursuant to our authorized repurchase programs discussed in Note L - Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K. As of June 30, 2013, we had $960 million remaining authorization under our 2013 share repurchase program and no remaining shares authorized under our previous share repurchase program.
Stock-based compensation expense related to our stock ownership plans was approximately $50 million for the first half of 2013 and $57 million for the first half of 2012.

58

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Certain of our acquisitions involve the payment of contingent consideration. See Note B - Acquisitions to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details regarding the estimated potential amount of future contingent consideration we could be required to pay associated with our acquisitions. There have been no other material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments as reported in our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K.
Legal Matters

The medical device market in which we primarily participate is largely technology driven. As a result, intellectual property rights, particularly patents and trade secrets, play a significant role in product development and differentiation. Over the years, there has been litigation initiated against us by others, including our competitors, claiming that our current or former product offerings infringe patents owned or licensed by them. Intellectual property litigation is inherently complex and unpredictable. In addition, competing parties frequently file multiple suits to leverage patent portfolios across product lines, technologies and geographies and to balance risk and exposure between the parties. In some cases, several competitors are parties in the same proceeding, or in a series of related proceedings, or litigate multiple features of a single class of devices. These forces frequently drive settlement not only for individual cases, but also for a series of pending and potentially related and unrelated cases. Although monetary and injunctive relief is typically sought, remedies and restitution are generally not determined until the conclusion of the trial court proceedings and can be modified on appeal. Accordingly, the outcomes of individual cases are difficult to time, predict or quantify and are often dependent upon the outcomes of other cases in other geographies.

During recent years, we successfully negotiated closure of several long-standing legal matters and recently received favorable legal rulings in several other matters; however, there continues to be outstanding intellectual property litigation particularly in the coronary stent market. Adverse outcomes in one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our ability to sell certain products and on our operating margins, financial position, results of operations and/or liquidity.

In the normal course of business, product liability, securities and commercial claims are asserted against us. Similar claims may be asserted against us in the future related to events not known to management at the present time. We maintain an insurance policy providing limited coverage against securities claims, and we are substantially self-insured with respect to product liability claims and fully self-insured with respect to intellectual property infringement claims. The absence of significant third-party insurance coverage increases our potential exposure to unanticipated claims or adverse decisions. Product liability claims, securities and commercial litigation, and other legal proceedings in the future, regardless of their outcome, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and/or liquidity.

In addition, like other companies in the medical device industry, we are subject to extensive regulation by national, state and local government agencies in the United States and other countries in which we operate. From time to time we are the subject of qui tam actions and governmental investigations often involving regulatory, marketing and other business practices. These qui tam actions and governmental investigations could result in the commencement of civil and criminal proceedings, substantial fines, penalties and administrative remedies and have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and/or liquidity.
Our accrual for legal matters that are probable and estimable was $625 million as of June 30, 2013 and $491 million as of December 31, 2012, and includes estimated costs of settlement, damages and defense. We continue to assess certain litigation and claims to determine the amounts, if any, that management believes will be paid as a result of such claims and litigation and, therefore, additional losses may be accrued and paid in the future, which could materially adversely impact our operating results, cash flows and/or our ability to comply with our debt covenants.
See further discussion of our material legal proceedings in Note J – Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Note K – Commitments and Contingencies to our audited financial statements contained in Item 8 of our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K.

59

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
ASC Update No. 2013-02
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. Update No. 2013-02 requires that entities provide information about amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. The amendment also requires entities to present significant amounts by the respective line items of net income, either on the face of the income statement or in the notes to the financial statements for amounts required to be reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income in their entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required to be reclassified to net income in their entirety, a cross-reference is required to other disclosures that provide additional details about those amounts. We adopted Update No. 2013-02 beginning in our first quarter ended March 31, 2013. Update No. 2013-02 is related to presentation only and its adoption did not impact our results of operations or financial position. See our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and Note M - Changes in Other Comprehensive Income to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
ASC Update No. 2013-01
In January 2013, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. Update No. 2013-01 clarifies the FASB's intent about requiring enhanced disclosures about certain financial instruments and derivative instruments that are offset in the statement of financial position or that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements. We adopted Update No. 2013-01 beginning in our first quarter ended March 31, 2013. See related disclosures in Note E - Fair Value Measurements to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Standards to be Implemented
ASC Update No. 2013-11
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists. Update No. 2013-11 requires that entities present an unrecognized tax benefit, or portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, as a reduction to a deferred tax asset in the financial statements for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, with certain exceptions. We are required to adopt Update No. 2013-11 for our first quarter ending March 31, 2014, and early adoption is permitted. Update No. 2013-11 is related to presentation only and its adoption will not impact our results of operations or financial position.

Additional Information

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented on a GAAP basis, we disclose certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share that exclude certain amounts, and revenue growth rates that exclude the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

The GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to adjusted net income is GAAP net income and the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to adjusted net income per share is GAAP net income per share. To calculate revenue growth rates that exclude the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we convert actual net sales from local currency to U.S. dollars using constant foreign currency exchange rates in the current and prior period. The GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to this non-GAAP financial measure is growth rate percentages using net sales on a GAAP basis. Reconciliations of each of these non-GAAP financial measures to the corresponding GAAP financial measure are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Management uses these supplemental non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate performance period over period, to analyze the underlying trends in our business, to assess our performance relative to our competitors, and to establish operational goals and forecasts that are used in allocating resources. In addition, management uses these non-GAAP financial measures to further its understanding of the performance of our operating segments. The adjustments excluded from our non-GAAP financial measures are consistent with those excluded from our operating segments’ measures of net sales and profit or loss. These adjustments are

60

excluded from the segment measures that are reported to our chief operating decision maker that are used to make operating decisions and assess performance.

We believe that presenting adjusted net income, adjusted net income per share, and revenue growth rates that exclude certain amounts and/or the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, in addition to the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provides investors greater transparency to the information used by management for its financial and operational decision-making and allows investors to see our results “through the eyes” of management. We further believe that providing this information assists our investors in understanding our operating performance and the methodology used by management to evaluate and measure such performance.

The following is an explanation of each of the adjustments that management excluded as part of these non-GAAP financial measures for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, as well as reasons for excluding each of these individual items:
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per Share
•
Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges - This amount represent (a) a non-cash write-down of our goodwill balance attributable to our global Cardiac Rhythm Management reporting unit in the first quarter of 2013; (b) non-cash write-downs of certain intangible asset balances in the second quarter of 2013; (c) a non-cash write-down of our goodwill balance attributable to our Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) reporting unit in the second quarter of 2012; and (d) a non-cash write-down of certain intangible asset balances in the second quarter of 2012. We remove the impact of non-cash impairment charges from our operating performance to assist in assessing our cash generated from operations. We believe this is a critical metric for us in measuring our ability to generate cash and invest in our growth. Therefore, this charge is excluded from management's assessment of operating performance and is also excluded for purposes of calculating these non-GAAP financial measures to facilitate an evaluation of our current operating performance and a comparison to our past operating performance, particularly in terms of liquidity.
•
Acquisition-related charges (credits) - These adjustments consist of (a) contingent consideration fair value adjustments, and (b) due diligence, other fees and exit costs. The contingent consideration adjustments represent accounting adjustments to state contingent consideration liabilities at their estimated fair value. These adjustments can be highly variable depending on the assessed likelihood and amount of future contingent consideration payments. Due diligence, other fees and exit costs include legal, tax, severance and other expenses associated with prior acquisitions that are not representative of on-going operations. Accordingly, management excluded these amounts for purposes of calculating these non-GAAP financial measures to facilitate an evaluation of our current operating performance and a comparison to our past operating performance.
•
Divestiture-related expenses (gains) - These amounts represent separation costs or recognized gains associated with the sale of our Neurovascular business in January 2011. Separation costs and gains represent those associated with the divestiture and are not representative of on-going operations. Accordingly, management excluded these amounts for purposes of calculating these non-GAAP financial measures to facilitate an evaluation of our current operating performance and a comparison to our past operating performance.
•
Restructuring and restructuring-related costs (credits) - These adjustments represent primarily severance and other direct costs associated with our 2011 Restructuring plan. These costs are excluded by management in assessing our operating performance, as well as from our operating segments' measures of profit and loss used for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Accordingly, management excluded these charges for purposes of calculating these non-GAAP financial measures to facilitate an evaluation of our current operating performance and a comparison to our past operating performance.
•
Litigation-related charges and credits - These adjustments include certain significant product liability and other litigation-related charges and credits. These amounts are excluded by management in assessing our operating performance, as well as from our operating segments' measures of profit and loss used for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Accordingly, management excluded these amounts for purposes of calculating these non-GAAP financial measures to facilitate an evaluation of our current operating performance and a comparison to our past operating performance.

61

•
Amortization expense - Amortization expense is a non-cash expense and does not impact our liquidity or compliance with the covenants included in our credit facility agreement. Management removes the impact of amortization from our operating performance to assist in assessing our cash generated from operations. We believe this is a critical metric for measuring our ability to generate cash and invest in our growth. Therefore, amortization expense is excluded from management's assessment of operating performance and is also excluded from the measures management uses to set employee compensation. Accordingly, management has excluded amortization expense for purposes of calculating these non-GAAP financial measures to facilitate an evaluation of our current operating performance, particularly in terms of liquidity.
Revenue Growth Rates Excluding the Impact of Changes in Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
•
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates - The impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates is highly variable and difficult to predict. Accordingly, management excludes the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates for purposes of reviewing revenue growth rates to facilitate an evaluation of our current operating performance and a comparison to our past operating performance.

Adjusted net income, adjusted net income per share and revenue growth rates that exclude certain amounts and/or the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be considered in isolation from or as a replacement for the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. Further, other companies may calculate these non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, which may limit the usefulness of those measures for comparative purposes.

Safe Harbor for Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements that we may make from time to time, including statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and information incorporated by reference herein, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words like “anticipate,” “expect,” “project,” “believe,” “plan,” “may,” “estimate,” “intend” and similar words. These forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and estimates using information available to us at the time and are not intended to be guarantees of future events or performance. These forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding our financial performance; our business and results of operations; our business strategy and related financial returns; our growth initiatives, including our emerging markets strategy and investments; acquisitions and related payments, and the integration and impact of acquired businesses and technologies; finalizing the separation of our Neurovascular business; the timing and impact of our restructuring and plant network optimization initiatives, including expected costs and cost savings; our cash flow and use thereof; our outstanding accounts receivable in Europe; changes in the market and our market share for our businesses; procedural volumes and pricing pressures; competitive pressures facing our businesses; clinical trials, including timing and results; our product portfolio; product development and iterations; new and existing product launches, including their timing and acceptance, and their impact on the market, our market share and our business; competitive product launches; product performance and our ability to gain a competitive advantage; the strength of our technologies and pipeline; regulatory approvals, including their timing; our regulatory and quality compliance; expected research and development efforts and the allocation of research and development expenditures; our sales and marketing strategy; reimbursement practices; our ability to meet customer demand; goodwill and other intangible asset impairment analysis and charges; the effect of new accounting pronouncements on our financial results; the impact of healthcare reform legislation and new and proposed tax laws; the outcome and timing of transfer pricing and transactional-related matters pending before taxing authorities; our tax position and income tax reserves; the outcome and impact of intellectual property, qui tam actions, governmental investigations and proceedings and litigation matters; adequacy of our reserves; the drivers and impact of our investment ratings; anticipated expenses and capital expenditures and our ability to finance them; and our ability to meet the financial covenants contained in our credit facilities. If our underlying assumptions turn out to be incorrect, or if certain risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from the expectations and projections expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. As a result, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we do not intend to update any forward-looking statements even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future.


62

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on certain risks and uncertainties, including the risk factors described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the specific risk factors discussed below and in connection with forward-looking statements throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which could cause actual results to vary materially from the expectations and projections expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. These factors, in some cases, have affected and in the future could affect our ability to implement our business strategy and may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. These additional factors include, among other things, future political, economic, competitive, reimbursement and regulatory conditions; new product introductions; demographic trends; intellectual property; litigation and governmental investigations; financial market conditions; and future business decisions made by us and our competitors, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. We caution each reader of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to consider carefully these factors.

The following are some of the important risk factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations in any forward-looking statements. For further discussion of these and other risk factors, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our Businesses
 
•
Our ability to increase CRM net sales, including for both new and replacement units, expand the market and capture market share;

•
The volatility of the coronary stent market and our ability to increase our drug-eluting stent systems net sales, including with respect to our SYNERGY™, PROMUS® Element™ and Promus PREMIER™ stent systems, and capture market share;

•
The on-going impact on our business, including CRM and coronary stent businesses, of physician alignment to hospitals, governmental investigations and audits of hospitals, and other market and economic conditions on the overall number of procedures performed, including with respect to the drug-eluting coronary stent market the average number of stents used per procedure, and average selling prices;

•
Competitive offerings and related declines in average selling prices for our products, particularly our drug-eluting coronary stent systems and our CRM products;

•
The performance of, and physician and patient confidence in, our products and technologies, including our coronary drug-eluting stent systems and CRM products, or those of our competitors;

•
The impact and outcome of ongoing and future clinical trials, including coronary stent and CRM clinical trials, and market studies undertaken by us, our competitors or other third parties, or perceived product performance of our or our competitors' products;
 
•
Variations in clinical results, reliability or product performance of our and our competitor's products;

•
Our ability to timely and successfully acquire or develop, launch and supply new or next-generation products and technologies worldwide and across our businesses in line with our commercialization strategies, including our S-ICD® system;

•
The effect of consolidation and competition in the markets in which we do business, or plan to do business;

•
Disruption in the manufacture or supply of certain components, materials or products, or the failure to timely secure alternative manufacturing or additional or replacement components, materials or products;

•
Our ability to retain and attract key personnel, including in our cardiology and CRM sales force and other key cardiology and CRM personnel;

•
The impact of enhanced requirements to obtain regulatory approval in the United States and around the world, including the associated timing and cost of product approval; and
 

63

•
The impact of increased pressure on the availability and rate of third-party reimbursement for our products and procedures in the United States and around the world, including with respect to the timing and costs of creating and expanding markets for new products and technologies.

Regulatory Compliance and Litigation

•
The impact of healthcare policy changes and legislative or regulatory efforts in the United States and around the world to modify product approval or reimbursement processes, including a trend toward demonstrating clinical outcomes, comparative effectiveness and cost efficiency, as well as the impact of other healthcare reform legislation;

•
Risks associated with our regulatory compliance and quality systems and activities in the United States and around the world, including meeting regulatory standards applicable to manufacturing and quality processes;

•
Our ability to minimize or avoid future field actions or FDA warning letters relating to our products and processes and the on-going inherent risk of potential physician advisories related to medical devices;

•
The impact of increased scrutiny of and heightened global regulatory enforcement facing global businesses, including in the medical device industry, arising from political and regulatory changes, economic pressures or otherwise, including U.S. Anti-Kickback Statute, U.S. False Claims Act (FCA) and similar laws in other jurisdictions; U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and similar laws in other jurisdictions; and U.S. and foreign export control, trade embargo and custom laws;

•
The effect of our litigation and risk management practices, including self-insurance, and compliance activities on our loss contingencies, legal provision and cash flows;
 
•
The impact of, diversion of management attention as a result of, and costs to cooperate with, litigate and/or resolve, governmental investigations and our class action, product liability, contract and other legal proceedings; and

•
Risks associated with a failure to protect our intellectual property rights and the outcome of patent litigation.

Innovation and Certain Growth Initiatives

•
The timing, size and nature of our strategic growth initiatives and market opportunities, including with respect to our internal research and development platforms and externally available research and development platforms and technologies, and the ultimate cost and success of those initiatives and opportunities;

•
Our ability to complete planned clinical trials successfully, obtain regulatory approvals and launch new and next generation products in a timely manner consistent with cost estimates, including the successful completion of in-process projects from purchased research and development;

•
Our ability to identify and prioritize our internal research and development project portfolio and our external investment portfolio on profitable revenue growth opportunities as well as to keep them in line with the estimated timing and costs of such projects and expected revenue levels for the resulting products and technologies;

•
Our ability to successfully develop, manufacture and market new products and technologies in a timely manner and the ability of our competitors and other third parties to develop products or technologies that render our products or technologies noncompetitive or obsolete;

•
The impact of our failure to succeed at or our decision to discontinue, write-down or reduce the funding of any of our research and development projects, including in-process projects from purchased research and development, in our growth adjacencies or otherwise;

•
Dependence on acquisitions, alliances or investments to introduce new products or technologies and to enter new or adjacent growth markets, and our ability to fund them or to fund contingent payments with respect to those acquisitions, alliances and investments; and

•
The failure to successfully integrate and realize the expected benefits from the strategic acquisitions, alliances and investments we have consummated or may consummate in the future.

64


International Markets

•
Our dependency on international net sales to achieve growth, including in emerging markets;

•
The impact of changes in our international structure and leadership;

•
Risks associated with international operations and investments, including political and economic conditions, protection of our intellectual property, compliance with established and developing U.S. and foreign legal and regulatory requirements, including FCPA and similar laws in other jurisdictions and U.S. and foreign export control, trade embargo and custom laws, as well as changes in reimbursement practices and policies;

•
Our ability to maintain or expand our worldwide market positions in the various markets in which we compete or seek to compete, including through investments in product diversification and emerging markets such as Brazil, Russia, India and China;

•
Our ability to execute and realize anticipated benefits from our investments in emerging markets; and

•
The potential effect of foreign currency fluctuations and interest rate fluctuations on our net sales, expenses and resulting margins.

Liquidity

•
Our ability to generate sufficient cash flow to fund operations, capital expenditures, global expansion initiatives, litigation settlements, share repurchases and strategic investments and acquisitions as well as maintaining our investment grade ratings and managing our debt levels and covenant compliance;

•
Our ability to access the public and private capital markets when desired and to issue debt or equity securities on terms reasonably acceptable to us;

•
The unfavorable resolution of open tax matters, exposure to additional tax liabilities and the impact of changes in U.S. and international tax laws;

•
The impact of examinations and assessments by domestic and international taxing authorities on our tax provision, financial condition or results of operations;

•
The impact of goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges, including on our results of operations; and

•
Our ability to collect outstanding and future receivables and/or sell receivables under our factoring programs.

Cost Reduction and Optimization Initiatives

•
Risks associated with significant changes made or expected to be made to our organizational and operational structure, pursuant to our 2011 Restructuring plan as expanded and as a result of our 2010 Restructuring plan and Plant Network Optimization program, as well as any further restructuring or optimization plans we may undertake in the future, and our ability to recognize benefits and cost reductions from such programs; and

•
Business disruption and employee distraction as we execute our global compliance program, restructuring and optimization plans and divestitures of assets or businesses and implement our other strategic and cost reduction initiatives.


65

ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We develop, manufacture and sell medical devices globally and our earnings and cash flows are exposed to market risk from changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. We address these risks through a risk management program that includes the use of derivative financial instruments. We operate the program pursuant to documented corporate risk management policies. We do not enter derivative transactions for speculative purposes. Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments substantially offset losses and gains on underlying hedged exposures. Furthermore, we manage our exposure to counterparty risk on derivative instruments by entering into contracts with a diversified group of major financial institutions and by actively monitoring outstanding positions.
Our currency risk consists primarily of foreign currency denominated firm commitments, forecasted foreign currency denominated intercompany and third-party transactions and net investments in certain subsidiaries. We use both nonderivative (primarily European manufacturing and distribution operations) and derivative instruments to manage our earnings and cash flow exposure to changes in currency exchange rates. We had currency derivative instruments outstanding in the contract amount of $5.021 billion as of June 30, 2013 and $4.411 billion as of December 31, 2012. We recorded $267 million of other assets and $24 million of other liabilities to recognize the fair value of these derivative instruments as of June 30, 2013, as compared to $121 million of other assets and $57 million of other liabilities as of December 31, 2012. A ten percent appreciation in the U.S. dollar’s value relative to the hedged currencies would increase the derivative instruments’ fair value by $252 million as of June 30, 2013 and $270 million as of December 31, 2012. A ten percent depreciation in the U.S. dollar’s value relative to the hedged currencies would decrease the derivative instruments’ fair value by $309 million as of June 30, 2013 and by $319 million as of December 31, 2012. Any increase or decrease in the fair value of our currency exchange rate sensitive derivative instruments would be substantially offset by a corresponding decrease or increase in the fair value of the hedged underlying asset, liability or forecasted transaction, resulting in minimal impact on our consolidated statements of operations.
Our interest rate risk relates primarily to U.S. dollar borrowings partially offset by U.S. dollar cash investments. We have historically used interest rate derivative instruments to manage our earnings and cash flow exposure to changes in interest rates. We had no interest rate derivative contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. As of June 30, 2013, we had $4.252 billion of outstanding debt obligations, of which approximately 100% was at fixed interest rates.
See Note E – Fair Value Measurements to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information regarding our derivative financial instruments.

ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2013 pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on their evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of June 30, 2013, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended June 30, 2013, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

66

PART II
OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note I – Income Taxes and Note J – Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the information set forth below and other information contained elsewhere in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results.

We may record future goodwill impairment charges or other asset impairment charges related to one or more of our global reporting units, which could materially adversely impact our results of operations.

We test our goodwill balances during the second quarter of each year for impairment, or more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. We assess goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level and, in evaluating the potential for impairment of goodwill, we make assumptions regarding estimated revenue projections, growth rates, cash flows and discount rates. Effective as of January 1, 2013, we reorganized our business from geographic regions to fully operationalized global business units. Our reorganization changed our reporting structure and changed the composition of our reporting units for goodwill impairment testing purposes. Following our reorganization from geographic regions to global business units and our reallocation of goodwill on a relative fair value basis, we conducted the first step of the goodwill impairment test for all new global reporting units as of January 1, 2013, and compared the carrying value of the reporting units to the fair value of these units. The fair value of each new global reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, with the exception of the global Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) reporting unit. We performed the second step of the goodwill impairment test on the global CRM reporting unit and recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $423 million to write-down the goodwill to its implied fair value as of January 1, 2013. After recording the impairment charge in the first quarter of 2013, there was no remaining goodwill allocated to the global CRM reporting unit as of March 31, 2013. We finalized the second step of the global CRM goodwill impairment test during the second quarter of 2013, in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, and there were no adjustments to the charge upon finalization. In the second quarter of 2013, we performed our annual goodwill impairment test for all of our reporting units. In conjunction with our annual test, the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value except CRM, for which no goodwill remains. Therefore, it was deemed not necessary to proceed to the second step of the impairment test. In the second quarter of 2012, as a result of revised estimates developed during our annual strategic planning process and analysis performed in conjunction with our 2012 annual goodwill impairment test we recorded a non-cash $3.602 billion ($3.579 billion after tax) impairment charge of the goodwill within our former Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) reporting unit. Further, in the third quarter of 2012, we performed an interim goodwill impairment test and recorded a non-cash $748 million (pre- and after-tax) charge associated with our former U.S. CRM reporting unit.

We continue to identify our global Neuromodulation reporting unit as being at higher risk of potential failure of the first step of the goodwill impairment test in future reporting periods. Our global Neuromodulation reporting unit had excess fair value over carrying value of approximately 16 percent and held $1.356 billion of allocated goodwill as of June 30, 2013. Additionally, the recoverability of our CRM-related amortizable intangibles is sensitive to future cash flow assumptions and our global CRM business performance. The carrying value of amortizable intangible assets allocated to our global CRM reporting unit was $4.510 billion as of June 30, 2013. Therefore, our CRM-related amortizable intangibles are at higher risk of potential failure of the first step of the amortizable intangible recoverability test in future reporting periods. Refer to Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates for a discussion of key assumptions used in our testing and future events that could have a negative impact on the recoverability of our goodwill and amortizable intangible assets.

On a quarterly basis, we monitor the key drivers of fair value to detect events or other changes that would warrant an interim impairment test of our goodwill and intangible assets. Relatively small declines in the future performance and cash flows of a reporting unit or asset group, changes in our reporting units or in the structure of our business as a result of future reorganizations, acquisitions or divestitures of assets or businesses, or small changes in other key assumptions, may result in the recognition of significant asset impairment charges, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. 


67

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table provides information with respect to purchases by Boston Scientific Corporation of equity securities that are registered by us pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act during the three months ended June 30, 2013:
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs *
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs *
04/01/13 - 04/30/13
1,510,256

$
7.48

1,510,256

$
1,046,745,292

05/01/13 - 05/31/13
11,035,303

$
8.02

11,035,303

$
959,535,690

06/01/13 - 06/30/13
 
 

 
      Total
12,545,559

$
7.95

12,545,559

$
959,535,690

 
 
 
 
 
*On July 28, 2011, we announced that our Board of Directors had re-approved approximately 37 million shares for repurchase which remained available under a previous share repurchase program at such time. On January 29, 2013, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a new program authorizing the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion of our common stock. As of June 30, 2013, we had $960 million remaining authorization under our 2013 share repurchase program and no remaining shares authorized under our previous share repurchase program.


68

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS (* documents filed with this report, ** documents furnished with this report, # compensatory plans or arrangements)

 
 
 
4.1
 
Indenture dated as of May 29, 2013 between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1, Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed May 29, 2013, File No.333-188918)
 
 
 
10.1
 
Amendment #7 to Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2013, by and among Boston Scientific Funding LLC; Boston Scientific Corporation; Old Line Funding, LLC; Royal Bank of Canada; Liberty Street Funding LLC; and The Bank of Nova Scotia (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1, Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2013, File No. 001-11083)
 
 
 
10.2*
 
Boston Scientific Corporation 2013 Annual Bonus Plan, Amended and Restated as of July 23, 2013#
 
 
 
10.3*
 
Form of Deferred Stock Unit Award Agreement effective July 23, 2013#
 
 
 
10.4*
 
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement effective July 23, 2013#
 
 
 
10.5*
 
Boston Scientific Corporation Severance Pay and Layoff Notification Plan As Amended and Restated (Bridge Plan) Effective as of August 1, 2013#
 
 
 
10.6*
 
Boston Scientific Corporation U.S. Severance Plan For Exempt Employees As Amended and Restated Effective August 1, 2013#
 
 
 
31.1*
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
31.2*
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
32.1**
 
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
32.2**
 
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
101*
 
Interactive Data Files Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and (v) the notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

69

SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized on August 7, 2013.

 
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
 
 
By:  
/s/ Jeffrey D. Capello
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name:   
Jeffrey D. Capello
 
 
Title:  
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer 


70