NOTE M – STOCK OWNERSHIP PLANS

Employee and Director Stock Incentive Plans

In May 2011, our Board of Directors and shareholders approved our 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the 2011 LTIP), authorizing up to approximately 145 million shares of our common stock. The 2011 LTIP provides for the grant of restricted or unrestricted common stock, deferred stock units, options to acquire our common stock, stock appreciation rights, performance awards and other stock and non-stock awards. Shares reserved for future issuance under our current and former stock incentive plans totaled approximately 262 million as of December 31, 2011. Together, these plans cover officers, directors, employees and consultants and provide for the grant of various incentives, including qualified and nonqualified stock options, deferred stock units, stock grants, share appreciation rights, performance-based awards and market-based awards. The Executive Compensation and Human Resources Committee of the Board of Directors, consisting of independent, non-employee directors, may authorize the issuance of common stock and authorize cash awards under the plans in recognition of the achievement of long-term performance objectives established by the Committee.

Nonqualified options issued to employees are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of our stock on the grant date, vest over a four-year service period, and have a ten-year contractual life. In the case of qualified options, if the recipient owns more than ten percent of the voting power of all classes of stock, the option granted will be at an exercise price of 110 percent of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant and will expire over a period not to exceed five years. Non-vested stock awards (including restricted stock awards and deferred stock units (DSUs)) issued to employees are generally granted with an exercise price of zero and typically vest in four to five equal annual installments. These awards represent our commitment to issue shares to recipients after the vesting period. Upon each vesting date, such awards are no longer subject to risk of forfeiture and we issue shares of our common stock to the recipient.

The following presents the impact of stock-based compensation on our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:



	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2011			2010			2009
Cost of products sold	$	25		$	25		$	22
Selling, general and administrative expenses	74			93			89
Research and development expenses	29			32			33
	128			150			144
Less: income tax benefit	(34		)	(55		)	(45		)
	$	94		$	95		$	99

Net loss per common share - basic	$	0.06		$	0.06		$	0.07
Net loss per common share - assuming dilution	$	0.06		$	0.06		$	0.07

Stock Options

We generally use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the grant-date fair value of stock options granted to employees under our stock incentive plans. We calculated the fair value for options granted during 2011, 2010 and 2009 using the following estimated weighted-average assumptions:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2011			2010			2009
Options granted (in thousands)	16,311			11,008			14,153
Weighted-average exercise price	$	7.11		$	7.26		$	8.61
Weighted-average grant-date fair value	$	3.07		$	3.11		$	3.92
Black-Scholes Assumptions
Expected volatility	42		%	42		%	45		%
Expected term (in years, weighted)	6.1			5.5			6.0
Risk-free interest rate	1.16% - 2.61%			1.52% - 2.93%			1.80% - 3.04%

Expected Volatility

We use our historical volatility and implied volatility as a basis to estimate expected volatility in our valuation of stock options.

Expected Term

We estimate the expected term of options using historical exercise and forfeiture data. We believe that this historical data is the best estimate of the expected term of new option grants.

Risk-Free Interest Rate

We use yield rates on U.S. Treasury securities for a period approximating the expected term of the award to estimate the risk-free interest rate in our grant-date fair value assessment.

Expected Dividend Yield

We have not historically paid dividends to our shareholders. We currently do not intend to pay dividends, and intend to retain all of our earnings to invest in the continued growth of our business. Therefore, we have assumed an expected dividend yield of zero in our grant-date fair value assessment.

Information related to stock options for 2011, 2010 and 2009 under stock incentive plans is as follows:



	Stock Options (in thousands)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2009	61,066		$	17
Granted	14,153		9
Exercised	(411	)	7
Cancelled/forfeited	(10,096	)	17
Outstanding as of December 31, 2009	64,712		$	15
Granted	11,008		7
Exercised	(719	)	7
Cancelled/forfeited	(14,627	)	13
Outstanding as of December 31, 2010	60,374		$	14
Granted	16,311		7
Exercised	(18	)	7
Cancelled/forfeited	(15,746	)	12
Outstanding as of December 31, 2011	60,921		$	13	6.2	$	—
Exercisable as of December 31, 2011	36,376		$	17	4.5
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2011	23,036		7		8.7
Total vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2011	59,412		$	13	6.1	$	—

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was less than $1 million in 2011 and 2010, and $1 million in 2009.

Non-Vested Stock

We value restricted stock awards and DSUs based on the closing trading value of our shares on the date of grant. Information related to non-vested stock awards during 2011, 2010, and 2009 is as follows:



	Non-Vested Stock Award Units (in thousands)		Weighted Average Grant- Date Fair Value
Balance as of January 1, 2009	24,654		$	16
Granted	12,703		8
Vested (1)	(5,895	)	16
Forfeited	(3,572	)	20
Balance as of December 31, 2009	27,890		$	12
Granted	17,619		7
Vested (1)	(8,431	)	14
Forfeited	(3,794	)	10
Balance as of December 31, 2010	33,284		$	9
Granted	14,640		7
Vested (1)	(10,344	)	10
Forfeited	(4,004	)	6
Balance as of December 31, 2011	33,576		$	8


(1)	The number of restricted stock units vested includes shares withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy statutory tax withholding requirements.

The total vesting date fair value of stock award units that vested was approximately $71 million in 2011, $62 million in 2010 and $51 million in 2009.

Market-based Awards

During 2011 and 2010, we granted market-based awards to certain members of our senior management team. The attainment of these stock units is based on our total shareholder return (TSR) as compared to the TSR of the companies in the S&P 500 Health Care Index and is measured in three annual performance cycles. In addition, award recipients must remain employed by us throughout the three-year measurement period to attain the full award.

We determined the fair value of the 2011 market-based awards to be approximately $8 million and the fair value of the 2010 market-based awards to be approximately $7 million, based on Monte Carlo simulations, utilizing the following assumptions:



	2011			2010
	Awards			Awards
Stock price on date of grant	$	7.16		$	7.41
Measurement period (in years)	3.0			3.0
Risk-free rate	1.10		%	1.29		%

We recognize the expense on these awards in our consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the three-year measurement period.

Expense Attribution

Except as discussed above, we recognize compensation expense for our stock using a straight-line method over the substantive vesting period. Most of our stock awards provide for immediate vesting upon death or disability of the participant. Prior to mid-2010, we expensed stock-based awards, other than market-based awards, over the period between grant date and retirement eligibility or immediately if the employee was retirement eligible at the date of grant. For awards granted after mid-2010, other than market-based awards, retirement-eligible employees must provide one year of service after the date of grant in order to accelerate the vesting and retain the award, should they retire. Therefore, for awards granted after mid-2010, we expense stock-based awards over the greater of the period between grant date and retirement-eligibility date or one year. The market-based awards discussed above do not contain provisions that would accelerate the full vesting of the awards upon retirement-eligibility.

We recognize stock-based compensation expense for the value of the portion of awards that are ultimately expected to vest. ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The term “forfeitures” is distinct from “cancellations” or “expirations” and represents only the unvested portion of the surrendered option. We have applied, based on an analysis of our historical forfeitures, a weighted-average annual forfeiture rate of approximately five percent to all unvested stock awards as of December 31, 2011, which represents the portion that we expect will be forfeited each year over the vesting period. We re-evaluate this analysis annually, or more frequently if there are significant changes in circumstances, and adjust the forfeiture rate as necessary. Ultimately, we will only recognize expense for those shares that vest.

Unrecognized Compensation Cost

We expect to recognize the following future expense for awards outstanding as of December 31, 2011:



	Unrecognized Compensation Cost (in millions)(1)		Weighted Average Remaining Vesting Period (in years)
Stock options	$	54
Non-vested stock awards	165
	$	219	1.9


(1)	Amounts presented represent compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures.

Employee Stock Purchase Plans

Our global employee stock purchase plan provides for the granting of options to purchase up to 20 million shares of our common stock to all eligible employees. Under the employee stock purchase plan, we grant each eligible employee, at the beginning of each six-month offering period, an option to purchase shares of our common stock equal to not more than ten percent of the employee’s eligible compensation or the statutory limit under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Such options may be exercised generally only to the extent of accumulated payroll deductions at the end of the offering period, at a purchase price equal to 90 percent of the fair market value of our common stock at the beginning or end of each offering period, whichever is less. As of December 31, 2011, there were approximately 16 million shares available for future issuance under the employee stock purchase plan.

Information related to shares issued or to be issued in connection with the employee stock purchase plan based on employee contributions and the range of purchase prices is as follows:



(shares in thousands)	2011	2010	2009
Shares issued or to be issued	3,830	4,358	4,056
Range of purchase prices	$4.81 - $6.22	$5.22 - $5.31	$7.09 - $8.10

We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the grant-date fair value of shares issued under the employee stock purchase plan. We recognize expense related to shares purchased through the employee stock purchase plan ratably over the offering period. We recognized $5 million in expense associated with our employee stock purchase plan in 2011 and $9 million in 2010 and 2009.