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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value measurements are estimated based on valuation techniques and inputs categorized as follows:

•Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are financial instruments whose values are determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, pricing models, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation.

If the inputs used to measure the financial assets and liabilities fall within more than one level described above, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following fair value hierarchy table presents the components and classification of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	September 30, 2020								December 31, 2019
(in millions)	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	423	$	393	$	30	$	—	$	2,696	$	2,646	$	50	$	—
Restricted cash	$	1,011	$	1,011	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	1	$	—	$	—
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Liabilities:
Acquisition-related contingent consideration	$	312	$	—	$	—	$	312	$	316	$	—	$	—	$	316
Cross-currency swaps	$	18	$	—	$	18	$	—	$	13	$	—	$	13	$	—
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments, primarily money market funds, with maturities of three months or less when purchased, and are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at carrying value, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.

As of September 30, 2020, Restricted cash includes $1,010 million of payments into an escrow fund under the terms of a settlement agreement regarding certain U.S. securities litigation, subject to final court approval, and is reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at carrying value, which approximates fair value due to its short-term nature. These payments will remain in escrow until final approval of the settlement as discussed in Note 18, "LEGAL PROCEEDINGS".

There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Cross-currency Swaps

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company entered into cross-currency swaps, with aggregate notional amounts of $1,250 million, to mitigate fluctuation in the value of a portion of its euro-denominated net investment in its consolidated financial statements from fluctuation in exchange rates. The euro-denominated net investment being hedged is the Company’s investment in certain euro-denominated subsidiaries.

The Company’s cross-currency swaps qualify for and have been designated as an accounting hedge of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation and are remeasured at each reporting date to reflect changes in their fair values. The fair value is determined via a mark-to-market analysis, using observable (Level 2) inputs. These inputs may include: (i) the foreign currency exchange spot rate between the euro and U.S. dollar, (ii) the interest rate yield curves in the euro and U.S. dollar and (iii) the credit risk rating for each applicable counterparty. The net change in fair value of cross-currency swaps is reported as a gain or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) as part of Foreign currency translation adjustment to the extent they are effective and remain in Accumulative other comprehensive loss until either the sale or complete, or substantially complete, liquidation of the subsidiary. No portion of the cross-currency swaps were ineffective for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company uses the spot method of assessing hedge effectiveness. The Company has elected to amortize amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness over the term of its cross-currency swaps as Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The fair value of the Company’s cross-currency swaps liability as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $18 million and $13 million, respectively. Included in Other non-current liabilities is $21 million and $22 million of cross-currency swaps and included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets is $3 million and $9 million of earned interest within the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The following table presents the effect of hedging instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) and the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
(Loss) Gain recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(54)	$	5	$	1	$	5
Gain excluded from assessment of hedge effectiveness	$	6	$	3	$	17	$	3
Location of gain of excluded component	Interest Expense				Interest Expense

Settlement of the Company's cross-currency swaps occur in February and August each year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company received $23 million in settlements which are reported as investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company entered into foreign currency exchange contracts, with an aggregate notional amount of $187 million. The Company had no foreign currency exchange contracts during 2019.

The Company's foreign currency exchange contracts are remeasured at each reporting date to reflect changes in their fair values determined using forward rates, which are observable market inputs, multiplied by the notional amount. The Company's foreign currency exchange contracts are economically hedging the foreign exchange exposure on certain of the Company’s intercompany balances. These contracts have not been designated as an accounting hedge, and therefore the net change in their fair value is reported as a gain or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as part of Foreign exchange and other.

The fair value of the Company's foreign currency exchange contracts liability as of September 30, 2020 was $1 million. Included in Accrued and other current liabilities are $2 million and included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets are $1 million of foreign currency exchange contracts within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the net change in fair value was $0 and a loss of $1 million, respectively. Settlements of the Company's foreign currency exchange contracts are reported as a gain or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as part of Foreign exchange and other and reported as operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company reported a realized loss of $1 million related to settlements of the Company's foreign currency exchange contracts.

Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Obligations

The fair value measurement of contingent consideration obligations arising from business combinations is determined via a probability-weighted discounted cash flow analysis, using unobservable (Level 3) inputs. These inputs may include: (i) the estimated amount and timing of projected cash flows, (ii) the probability of the achievement of the factor(s) on which the contingency is based and (iii) the risk-adjusted discount rate used to present value the probability-weighted cash flows. Significant increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. At September 30, 2020, the fair value measurements of acquisition-related contingent consideration were determined using risk-adjusted discount rates ranging from 5% to 25%, and a weighted average risk-adjusted discount rate of 8%. The weighted average risk-adjusted discount rate was calculated by weighting each contract's relative fair value at September 30, 2020.

The following table presents a reconciliation of contingent consideration obligations measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2020				2019
Balance, beginning of period			$	316			$	339
Adjustments to Acquisition-related contingent consideration:
Accretion for the time value of money	$	17			$	16
Fair value adjustments due to changes in estimates of other future payments	9				(14)
Acquisition-related contingent consideration			26				2
Payments			(30)				(28)
Balance, end of period			312				313
Current portion included in Accrued and other current liabilities			37				46
Non-current portion			$	275			$	267

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The following table presents the components and classification of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:


	September 30, 2020								December 31, 2019
(in millions)	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Other non-current assets:
Non-current assets held for sale	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	39	$	—	$	—	$	39

Non-current assets held for sale of $39 million included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 were remeasured to their estimated fair values less costs to sell determined using a discounted cash flow analysis which utilized Level 3 unobservable inputs. As discussed in Note 4, "ACQUISITION, LICENSING AGREEMENTS AND ASSETS HELD FOR SALE", due to changing business dynamics, the Company decided not to sell these assets during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Fair Value of Long-term Debt

The fair value of long-term debt as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $25,258 million and $27,520 million, respectively, and was estimated using the quoted market prices for the same or similar debt issuances (Level 2).

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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