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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Research and Development [Abstract]  
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Included in Research and development are costs related to product development and quality assurance programs. Quality assurance are the costs incurred to meet evolving customer and regulatory standards. Research and development costs consist of:
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Product related research and development
 
$
98

 
$
73

 
$
265

 
$
245

Quality assurance
 
9

 
8

 
28

 
26

 
 
$
107

 
$
81

 
$
293

 
$
271