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Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Derivative Instruments  
Fair Value Measurements, Nonrecurring
The estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value, categorized based upon the fair value hierarchy, are as follows (in thousands): 
Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2020 UsingFair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 Using
DescriptionTotal Carrying AmountTotal Fair Value
Level 1(1)
Level 2(2)
Level 3(3)
Total Carrying AmountTotal Fair Value
Level 1(1)
Level 2(2)
Level 3(3)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents(4)
$3,016,788 $3,016,788 $3,016,788 $— $— $243,738 $243,738 $243,738 $— $— 
Total Assets$3,016,788 $3,016,788 $3,016,788 $— $— $243,738 $243,738 $243,738 $— $— 
Liabilities:
Long-term debt (including current portion of debt)(5)
$18,286,811 $19,876,822 $— $19,876,822 $— $9,370,438 $10,059,055 $— $10,059,055 $— 
Total Liabilities$18,286,811 $19,876,822 $— $19,876,822 $— $9,370,438 $10,059,055 $— $10,059,055 $— 
(1) Inputs based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Valuation of these items does not entail a significant amount of judgment.
(2) Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the liability, either directly or indirectly. For unsecured revolving credit facilities and unsecured term loans, fair value is determined utilizing the income valuation approach. This valuation model takes into account the contract terms of our debt such as the debt maturity and the interest rate on the debt. The valuation model also takes into account the creditworthiness of the Company.
(3) Inputs that are unobservable. The Company did not use any Level 3 inputs as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
(4) Consists of cash and marketable securities with original maturities of less than 90 days.
(5) Consists of unsecured revolving credit facilities, senior notes, senior debentures and term loans. These amounts do not include our finance lease obligations or commercial paper.
The following table presents information about the Company’s nonfinancial instruments recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2020 Using
DescriptionTotal Carrying AmountTotal Fair ValueLevel 3Total Impairment for the Quarter ended September 30, 2020Total Impairment for the Nine Months ended September 30, 2020
Silversea Cruises Goodwill (1)
$508,578 $508,578 $508,578 $— 576,208 
Indefinite-life intangible asset (2)
$318,700 $318,700 $318,700 $— 30,800 
Long-lived assets - property and equipment, net(3)
$577,193 $577,193 $577,193 $83,949 560,926 
Long-lived assets - right-of-use assets(4)
$67,265 $67,265 $67,265 $— 50,914 
Equity-method investments(5)
— — — $— 39,735 
Total$1,471,736 $1,471,736 $1,471,736 $83,949 1,258,583 
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(1) We estimated the fair value of the Silversea Cruises reporting unit using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model in combination with a market based valuation approach. The principal assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model are projected operating results, weighted-average cost of capital and terminal value. Significantly impacting these assumptions were changes in market conditions associated with COVID-19 and its impact to the business and related operating plans. The discounted cash flow model used our 2020 projected operating results as a base. To that base we added future years’ cash flows through 2030 assuming multiple revenue and expense scenarios that reflect the impact of different global economic environments for this period on Silversea Cruises' reporting unit. We assigned a probability to each revenue and expense scenario. We discounted the projected cash flows using rates specific to Silversea Cruises' reporting unit based on its weighted-average cost of capital, which was determined to be 12.75%. A significant input in performing the fair value assessment for the Silversea Cruises goodwill was forecasted operating results, which takes into consideration expected ship deliveries, including ship options. The fair value of Silversea Cruises’ goodwill was estimated as of March 31, 2020, the date of the last impairment test.

(2) We estimated the fair value of our indefinite-life intangible asset using a discounted cash flow model and the relief-from-royalty method. For the Silversea Cruises trade name we used a discount rate of 13.25%, comparable to the rate used in valuing the Silversea Cruises reporting unit. Significant inputs in performing the fair value assessment for the trade name were the royalty rate of 3.0% and forecasted net revenues, which takes into consideration expected ship deliveries, including ship options. The fair value of the Silversea Cruises trade name was estimated as of March 31, 2020, the date of the last impairment test.

(3) Impairments primarily related to vessels during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and to certain construction in progress projects during the three months ended September 30, 2020. For the vessels impaired as of March 31, 2020, we estimated the fair value of two of our vessels using a blended indication from the income and cost approaches and the fair value of the remaining vessels was estimated primarily based on their orderly liquidation values. For the vessels impaired as of June 30, 2020, we estimated the fair value of the vessels using a modified market approach based on the carrying values and orderly liquidation values of the vessels. A significant input in performing the fair value assessments for these vessels was management's expected use of the vessels, which takes into consideration forecasted operating results. During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, construction in progress assets were impaired due to a reduction in scope or the decision to not complete the projects. The impairment was calculated based on orderly liquidation values.

(4) Impairments to our right-of-use assets relate to certain of our berthing arrangements and a ship operating lease. We estimated the fair value of the berthing arrangements using estimated projected discounted cash flows and the fair value of the ship operating lease was estimated using a cost approach. The fair value of the berthing arrangements was estimated as of March 31, 2020, the date these assets were last impaired, and a significant input in performing the fair value assessments for these assets was our expected passenger headcount. The fair value of the ship operating lease was estimated as of June 30, 2020, the date this asset was last impaired, and significant inputs in performing the fair value assessment for this asset were current and residual values of the vessel, expected rate of return and remaining lease payments.

(5) We estimated the fair value of our other than temporarily impaired equity-method investments using a discounted cash flow model. A significant input in performing the fair value assessments for these assets was forecasted operating results for these investments. The fair value of these equity-method investments was estimated as of March 31, 2020, the date these assets were last impaired.
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value have been categorized based upon the fair value hierarchy. The following table presents information about the Company’s financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
 Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2020 UsingFair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 Using
DescriptionTotal
Level 1(1)
Level 2(2)
Level 3(3)
Total
Level 1(1)
Level 2(2)
Level 3(3)
Assets:        
Derivative financial instruments(4)
$46,367 $— $46,367 $— $39,994 $— $39,994 $— 
Total Assets$46,367 $— $46,367 $— $39,994 $— $39,994 $— 
Liabilities:        
Derivative financial instruments(5)
$363,955 $— $363,955 $— $257,728 $— $257,728 $— 
Contingent consideration (6)— — — — 62,400 — — 62,400 
Total Liabilities$363,955 $— $363,955 $— $320,128 $— $257,728 $62,400 
(1)Inputs based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Valuation of these items does not entail a significant amount of judgment.
(2)Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. For foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and fuel swaps, fair value is derived using valuation models that utilize the income valuation approach. These valuation models take into account the contract terms, such as maturity, as well as other inputs, such as foreign exchange rates and curves, fuel types, fuel curves and interest rate yield curves. Derivative instrument fair values take into account the creditworthiness of the counterparty and the Company.
(3)Inputs that are unobservable. 
(4)Consists of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and fuel swaps. 
(5)Consists of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and fuel swaps.
(6)Any obligation under the contingent consideration related to the 2018 Silversea Cruises acquisition was eliminated during the quarter ended September 30 2020 as a result of our purchase of the remaining 33.3% non-controlling interest in Silversea Cruises. In prior periods, the contingent consideration was estimated by applying a Monte-Carlo simulation method using our closing stock price along with significant inputs not observable in the market, including the probability of achieving the milestones and estimated future operating results. The Monte-Carlo simulation is a generally accepted statistical technique used to generate a defined number of valuation paths in order to develop a reasonable estimate of fair value.
Offsetting Assets
The following table presents information about the Company’s offsetting of financial assets under master netting agreements with derivative counterparties (in thousands):
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements
As of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance SheetGross Amount of Eligible Offsetting
Recognized
Derivative Liabilities
Cash Collateral
Received
Net Amount of
Derivative Assets
Gross Amount of Derivative Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance SheetGross Amount of Eligible Offsetting
Recognized
Derivative Liabilities
Cash Collateral
Received
Net Amount of
Derivative Assets
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements$46,367 $(42,232)$— $4,135 $39,994 $(39,994)$— $— 
Total$46,367 $(42,232)$— $4,135 $39,994 $(39,994)$— $— 
Offsetting Liabilities
The following table presents information about the Company’s offsetting of financial liabilities under master netting agreements with derivative counterparties (in thousands):
Gross Amounts not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet that are Subject to Master Netting Agreements
As of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance SheetGross Amount of Eligible Offsetting
Recognized
Derivative Assets
Cash Collateral
Pledged
Net Amount of
Derivative Liabilities
Gross Amount of Derivative Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance SheetGross Amount of Eligible Offsetting
Recognized
Derivative Assets
Cash Collateral
Pledged
Net Amount of
Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements$(363,955)$42,232 $30,471 $(291,252)$(257,728)$39,994 $— $(217,734)
Total$(363,955)$42,232 $30,471 $(291,252)$(257,728)$39,994 $— $(217,734)
Schedule of Price Risk Derivatives As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had the following outstanding fuel swap agreements:
 Fuel Swap Agreements
 As of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
Designated as hedges:(metric tons)
202060,800 792,900 
2021518,450 488,900 
2022404,300 322,900 
202382,400 82,400 

 Fuel Swap Agreements
 As of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
 (% hedged)
Designated hedges as a % of projected fuel purchases:  
202053 %52 %
202139 %30 %
202224 %19 %
2023%%

Fuel Swap Agreements
As of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
Not designated as hedges:(metric tons)
2020113,700 37,600 
202196,450 — 
Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value
The fair value and line item caption of derivative instruments recorded within our consolidated balance sheets were as follows (in thousands):
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
Balance Sheet LocationAs of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019Balance Sheet LocationAs of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
Fair ValueFair ValueFair ValueFair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815-20(1)
Interest rate swapsOther assets$19,465 $11 Other long-term liabilities$141,822 $64,168 
Foreign currency forward contractsDerivative financial instruments10,203 — Derivative financial instruments43,089 75,260 
Foreign currency forward contractsOther assets16,699 9,380 Other long-term liabilities29,187 64,711 
Fuel swapsDerivative financial instruments— 16,922 Derivative financial instruments39,808 16,901 
Fuel swapsOther assets— 8,677 Other long-term liabilities78,026 33,965 
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments under 815-2046,367 34,990 331,932 255,005 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815-20
Foreign currency forward contractsDerivative financial instruments$— $3,186 Derivative financial instruments$— $2,419 
Fuel swapsDerivative financial instruments— 1,643 Derivative financial instruments30,578 295 
Fuel swapsOther Assets— 175 Other long-term liabilities1,445 
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under 815-20— 5,004 32,023 2,723 
Total derivatives$46,367 $39,994 $363,955 $257,728 
(1)Accounting Standard Codification 815-20 “Derivatives and Hedging.
The fair value and line item caption of derivative instruments recorded within our consolidated balance sheets for the cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges were as follows (in thousands):
Line Item in the Statement of Financial Position Where the Hedged Item is IncludedCarrying Amount of the Hedged LiabilitiesCumulative amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liabilities
As of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019As of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
Current portion of debt and Long-term debt$719,553 $715,234 $19,555 $(1,301)
$719,553 $715,234 $19,555 $(1,301)
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
The location and amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on fair value and cash flow hedging relationships were as follows (in thousands):
Quarter Ended September 30, 2020Quarter Ended September 30, 2019
Fuel ExpenseDepreciation and Amortization ExpensesInterest Income (Expense)Other Income (Expense)Fuel ExpenseDepreciation and Amortization ExpensesInterest Income (Expense)Other Income (Expense)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of financial performance in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded$53,815$317,139$(254,332)$(10,853)$177,677$320,295$(96,413)$(7,668)
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging:
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts
Hedged itemsn/an/a$2,379$—n/an/a$(4,116)$—
Derivatives designated as hedging instrumentsn/an/a$39$—n/an/a$2,920$—
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into incomen/an/a$(6,532)n/an/an/a$(373)n/a
Commodity contracts
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income$(5,598)n/an/a$536$2,435n/an/a$(472)
Foreign exchange contracts
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into incomen/a$(3,782)n/a$(1,511)n/a$(3,592)n/a$(1,251)























Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Fuel ExpenseDepreciation and Amortization ExpensesInterest Income (Expense)Other Income (Expense)Fuel ExpenseDepreciation and Amortization ExpensesInterest Income (Expense)Other Income (Expense)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of financial performance in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded$327,275$961,226$(555,392)$(127,537)$519,772$924,180$(292,006)$(34,537)
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging:
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts
Hedged itemsn/an/a$(20,855)n/an/a(25,862)$—
Derivatives designated as hedging instrumentsn/an/a$23,338n/an/a$19,699$—
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into incomen/an/a$(15,939)n/an/an/a$(1,173)n/a
Commodity contracts
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income$(32,520)n/an/a$3,029$33,815n/an/a$(1,916)
Foreign exchange contracts
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into incomen/a$(10,899)n/a$(5,855)n/a$(10,471)n/a$(3,866)
Fair Value and Line Item Caption of Non-derivative Instruments
The carrying value and line item caption of non-derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments recorded within our consolidated balance sheets were as follows (in thousands):
Carrying Value
Non-derivative instrument designated as
hedging instrument under ASC 815-20
Balance Sheet LocationAs of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
Foreign currency debtCurrent portion of debt$40,153 $73,572 
Foreign currency debtLong-term debt292,908 284,506 
$333,061 $358,078 
Non Derivative Instruments Qualifying and Designated as Hedging Instruments in Net Investment Hedges
The effect of non-derivative instruments qualifying and designated as net investment hedging instruments on the consolidated financial statements was as follows (in thousands):
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Non-derivative instruments under ASC 815-20 Net
Investment Hedging Relationships
Quarter Ended September 30, 2020Quarter Ended September 30, 2019Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Foreign Currency Debt$(16,732)$12,811 $(16,784)$15,519 
 $(16,732)$12,811 $(16,784)$15,519 
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument  
Derivative Instruments  
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated financial statements was as follows (in thousands):
  Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging
Instruments under ASC 815-20
Location of
Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Income on Derivatives
Quarter Ended September 30, 2020Quarter Ended September 30, 2019Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Foreign currency forward contractsOther income (expense)$4,907 $(26,035)$(35,265)$(25,189)
Fuel swapsFuel— — — (14)
Fuel swapsOther income (expense)(13,112)1,095 (89,471)974 
  $(8,205)$(24,940)$(124,736)$(24,229)
Fair Value Hedging  
Derivative Instruments  
Schedule of Interest Rate Derivatives At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we maintained interest rate swap agreements on the following fixed-rate debt instruments:
Debt InstrumentSwap Notional as of September 30, 2020 (In thousands)MaturityDebt Fixed RateSwap Floating Rate: LIBOR plusAll-in Swap Floating Rate as of September 30, 2020
Oasis of the Seas term loan
$52,500 October 20215.41%3.87%4.84%
Unsecured senior notes650,000 November 20225.25%3.63%3.91%
$702,500 
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
The effect of derivative instruments qualifying and designated as hedging instruments and the related hedged items in fair value hedges on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) was as follows (in thousands):
Derivatives and Related Hedged Items under ASC 815-20 Fair Value Hedging RelationshipsLocation of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative and Hedged ItemAmount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in
Income on Derivative
Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in
Income on Hedged Item
Quarter Ended September 30, 2020Quarter Ended September 30, 2019Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019Quarter Ended September 30, 2020Quarter Ended September 30, 2019Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Interest rate swapsInterest expense, net of interest capitalized$39 $2,920 $23,338 $19,699 $2,379 $(4,116)$(20,855)$(25,862)
$39 $2,920 $23,338 $19,699 $2,379 $(4,116)$(20,855)$(25,862)
Cash flow hedge  
Derivative Instruments  
Schedule of Interest Rate Derivatives At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we maintained interest rate swap agreements on the following floating-rate debt instruments:
Debt InstrumentSwap Notional as of September 30, 2020 (In thousands)MaturityDebt Floating RateAll-in Swap Fixed Rate
Celebrity Reflection term loan
$245,437 October 2024LIBOR plus0.40%2.85%
Quantum of the Seas term loan
398,125 October 2026LIBOR plus1.30%3.74%
Anthem of the Seas term loan
422,917 April 2027LIBOR plus 1.30%3.86%
Ovation of the Seas term loan
553,333 April 2028LIBOR plus1.00%3.16%
Harmony of the Seas term loan (1)
542,123 May 2028EURIBOR plus1.15%2.26%
Odyssey of the Seas term loan (2)
460,000 October 2032LIBOR plus0.95%3.20%
Odyssey of the Seas term loan (2)
191,667 October 2032LIBOR plus0.95%2.83%
$2,813,602 
(1)Interest rate swap agreements hedging the Euro-denominated term loan for Harmony of the Seas include EURIBOR zero-floor matching the hedged debt EURIBOR zero-floor. Amount presented is based on the exchange rate as of September 30, 2020.
(2)Interest rate swap agreements hedging the term loan of Odyssey of the Seas include LIBOR zero-floors matching the debt LIBOR zero-floor. The effective dates of the $460.0 million and $191.7 million interest rate swap agreements are October 2020 and October 2022, respectively. The anticipated unsecured term loan for the financing of Odyssey of the Seas was initially expected to be drawn in October 2020. However, due to the impact of COVID-19 to shipyard operations, there is a delay in the ship delivery.
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
The effect of derivative instruments qualifying and designated as cash flow hedging instruments on the consolidated financial statements was as follows (in thousands):
Derivatives
under ASC 815-20  Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivative 
Location of
Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from
Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Loss into Income
Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income 
Quarter Ended September 30, 2020Quarter Ended September 30, 2019Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019Quarter Ended September 30, 2020Quarter Ended September 30, 2019Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Interest rate swaps$(42,488)$(23,488)$(90,677)$(91,949)Interest expense, net of interest capitalized$(6,532)$(373)$(15,939)$(1,173)
Foreign currency forward contracts96,821 (131,523)39,161 (202,273)Depreciation and amortization expenses(3,782)(3,592)(10,899)(10,471)
Foreign currency forward contracts— — — — Other income (expense)(1,511)(1,251)(5,855)(3,866)
Fuel swaps— — — — Other income (expense)536 (472)3,029 (1,916)
Fuel swaps(5,085)(113,467)(120,807)22,496 Fuel(5,598)2,435 (32,520)33,815 
 $49,248 $(268,478)$(172,323)$(271,726) $(16,887)$(3,253)$(62,184)$16,389 
The table below represents amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness for our net investment hedging instruments for which the difference between changes in fair value and periodic amortization is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Net Investment Excluded Components) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Net inception fair value at January 1, 2020$(8,008)
Amount of gain recognized in income on derivatives for the period ended September 30, 20204,946 
Amount of gain (loss) remaining to be amortized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, as of September 30, 2020561 
Fair value at September 30, 2020$(2,501)