Revenues

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are measured based on consideration specified in our contracts with customers and are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied.

The majority of our revenues are derived from passenger cruise contracts which are reported within Passenger ticket revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Our performance obligation under these contracts is to provide a cruise vacation in exchange for the ticket price. We satisfy this performance obligation and recognize revenue over the duration of each cruise, which range from two to 23 nights.

Passenger ticket revenues include charges to our guests for port costs that vary with passenger head counts. These type of port costs, along with port costs that do not vary by passenger head counts, are included in our operating expenses. The amounts of port costs charged to our guests and included within Passenger ticket revenues on a gross basis were $136.7 million and $134.5 million for the first quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Our total revenues also include onboard and other revenues, which consist primarily of revenues from the sale of goods and services onboard our ships that are not included in passenger ticket prices. We receive payment before or concurrently with the transfer of these goods and services to passengers during a cruise and recognize revenue at the time of transfer over the duration of the related cruise.

As a practical expedient, we have omitted disclosures on our remaining performance obligations as the duration of our contracts with customers is less than a year.

Disaggregated Revenues

The following table disaggregates our total revenues by geographic regions where we provide cruise itineraries (in thousands):



	Quarter Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Total revenues by itinerary
North America⁽¹⁾	$	1,347,260	$	1,352,169
Asia/Pacific⁽²⁾	532,979		525,856
Europe⁽³⁾	—		—
Other regions	77,185		65,232
Total revenues by itinerary	1,957,424		1,943,257
Other revenues⁽⁴⁾	70,332		65,303
Total revenues	$	2,027,756	$	2,008,560

⁽¹⁾ Includes the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean.

⁽²⁾ Includes Southeast Asia (e.g., Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines), East Asia (e.g., China and Japan), South Asia (e.g., India and Pakistan) and Oceania (e.g., Australia and Fiji Islands) regions.

⁽³⁾Includes European countries (e.g., Nordics, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom). During the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no cruise itineraries in Europe.

⁽⁴⁾Includes revenues of $47.4 million and $42.6 million for the quarter ended March 31 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to cancellation fees, sales of vacation protection insurance and pre- and post-cruise tours and revenues of $23.0 million and $21.8 million for the quarter ended March 31 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily related to our bareboat charter, procurement and management related services we perform on behalf of our unconsolidated affiliates.

Passenger ticket revenues are attributed to geographic areas based on where the reservation originates. For the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, our guests were sourced from the following areas:



	Quarter Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Passenger ticket revenues:
United States	60	%	60	%
Australia	13	%	12	%
All other countries ⁽¹⁾	27	%	28	%

⁽¹⁾ No other individual country's revenue exceeded 10% for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Customer Deposits and Contract Liabilities

Our payment terms generally require an upfront deposit to confirm a reservation, with the balance due prior to the cruise. Deposits received on sales of passenger cruises are initially recorded as Customer deposits in our consolidated balance sheets and subsequently recognized as passenger ticket revenues during the duration of the cruise. ASC 606 defines a “contract liability” as an entity’s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the entity has received consideration from the customer. We do not consider customer deposits to be a contract liability until the customer no longer retains the unilateral right, resulting from the passage of time, to cancel such customer's reservation and receive a full refund. Customer deposits presented in our consolidated balance sheets include contract liabilities of $1.8 billion and $1.4 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. During the quarter ended March 31, 2018, we recognized revenues related to our contract liabilities as of December 31, 2017 of $1.3 billion.

Contract Receivables and Contract Assets

Although we generally require full payment from our customers prior to their cruise, we grant credit terms to a relatively small portion of our revenue source in select markets outside of the United States. As a result, we have outstanding receivables from passenger cruise contracts in those markets. We also have receivables from credit card merchants for cruise ticket purchases and goods and services sold to guests during cruises that are collected before, during or shortly after the cruise voyage. In addition, we have receivables due from concessionaires onboard our vessels. These receivables are included within Trade and other receivables, net in our consolidated balance sheets. We have contract assets that are conditional rights to consideration for satisfying the construction services performance obligations under a service concession arrangement. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our contract assets were $59.5 million and $60.1 million, respectively, and were included within Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Given the short duration of our cruises and our collection terms, we do not have any other significant contract assets.

Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

Prepaid travel agent commissions are an incremental cost of obtaining contracts with customers that we recognize as an asset and include within Prepaid expenses and other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Prepaid travel agent commissions increased to $80.2 million at March 31, 2018 from $64.6 million at December 31, 2017 because of increased bookings in the first quarter of 2018. Primarily all of our prepaid travel agent commissions at December 31, 2017 were expensed and reported within Commissions, transportation and other in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.