Hedging Transactions and Derivative Financial Instruments

We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in foreign currency market conditions. These changes in market conditions may adversely impact our financial performance and are referred to as market risks. When deemed appropriate by management, we use derivatives as a risk management tool to mitigate the potential impact of foreign currency market risks.

We use various types of derivative instruments including, but not limited to, forward contracts, futures contracts and swap agreements for certain commodities. Forward and futures contracts are agreements to buy or sell a quantity of a currency at a predetermined future date, and at a predetermined rate or price. Forward contracts are traded over-the-counter whereas future contracts are traded on an exchange. A swap agreement is a contract between two parties to exchange cash flows based on specified underlying notional amounts, assets and/or indices.

All derivatives are carried at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the line item accounts receivable, net or accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying values of the derivatives reflect the impact of legally enforceable agreements with the same counterparties. These agreements allow us to net settle positive and negative positions (assets and liabilities) arising from different transactions with the same counterparty.

The accounting for gains and losses that result from changes in the fair values of derivative instruments depends on whether the derivatives have been designated and qualify as hedging instruments and the types of hedging relationships. Derivatives can be designated as fair value hedges, cash flow hedges or hedges of net investments in foreign operations. The changes in the fair values of derivatives that have been designated and qualify for fair value hedge accounting are recorded in the same line item in our Consolidated Statements of Operations as the changes in the fair value of the hedged items attributable to the risk being hedged. The changes in fair values of derivatives that have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into the line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which the hedged items are recorded in the same period the hedged items affect earnings. Due to the high degree of effectiveness between the hedging instruments and the underlying exposures being hedged, fluctuations in the value of the derivative instruments are generally offset by changes in the fair values or cash flows of the underlying exposures being hedged. The changes in fair values of derivatives that were not designated and/or did not qualify as hedging instruments are immediately recognized into earnings. We classify cash inflows and outflows related to derivative and hedging instruments within the appropriate cash flows section associated with the item being hedged.

For derivatives that will be accounted for as hedging instruments, we formally designate and document, at inception, the financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure, the risk management objective and the strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction. In addition, we formally assess both at the inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the financial instruments used in hedging transactions are highly effective at offsetting changes in either the fair values or cash flows of the related underlying exposures.

We estimate the fair values of our derivatives based on quoted market prices or pricing models using current market rates (see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments do not necessarily represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, therefore, are not a direct measure of our exposure to the financial risks described above. The amounts exchanged are calculated by reference to the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or other financial indices. We do not view the fair values of our derivatives in isolation, but rather in relation to the fair values or cash flows of the underlying hedged transactions. All of our derivatives are over-the-counter instruments with liquid markets.

Credit Risk Associated with Derivatives

We have established strict counterparty credit guidelines and enter into transactions only with financial institutions of investment grade or better. We monitor counterparty exposures regularly and review promptly any downgrade in counterparty credit rating. We mitigate pre-settlement risk by being permitted to net settle for transactions with the same counterparty. To minimize the concentration of credit risk, we enter into derivative transactions with a portfolio of financial institutions. Based on these factors, we consider the risk of counterparty default to be minimal.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategy

We use cash flow hedges to minimize the variability in cash flows of assets or liabilities or forecasted transactions caused by fluctuations in commodity prices. The changes in fair values of hedges that are determined to be ineffective are immediately reclassified from AOCI into earnings. We did not discontinue any cash flow hedging relationships during the three months ended March 30, 2019 or March 31, 2018, respectively.

We have entered into coffee futures contracts to hedge our exposure to price fluctuations on green coffee associated with fixed-price sales contracts with customers, which generally range from 2 to 21 months in length. These derivative instruments have been designated and qualified as a part of our commodity cash flow hedging program effective January 1, 2017. The objective of this hedging program is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with future purchases of green coffee.

The notional amount for the coffee futures contracts that were designated and qualified for our commodity cash flow hedging program was 104.7 million pounds and 73.3 million pounds as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively. Approximately $2.6 million and $0.9 million of realized losses, representing the effective portion of the cash-flow hedge, were subsequently reclassified from AOCI to earnings and recognized in cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively. As of March 30, 2019, the estimated net amount of losses reported in AOCI that is expected to be reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Operations within the next twelve months is $16.2 million.

The fair value of the Company’s net derivative liabilities included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was $17.1 million and $10.9 million as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively. We had no derivative assets as of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018. Set forth below is a reconciliation of our derivatives by contract type for the periods indicated:



(in millions of U.S. dollars)	March 30, 2019					December 29, 2018
Derivative Contract	Assets		Liabilities			Assets		Liabilities
Coffee futures¹	$	—	$	(17.1	)	$	—	$	(10.9	)

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The fair value of the coffee futures excludes amounts in the related margin accounts. We are required to maintain margin accounts in accordance with futures market and broker regulations. As of March 30, 2019 and December 29, 2018, the aggregate margin account balances were $14.6 million and $12.9 million, respectively, and are included in cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Coffee futures are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements and are presented net in the reconciliation above. The fair value of the coffee futures assets and liabilities, which are shown on a net basis, are reconciled in the table below:



(in millions of U.S. dollars)	March 30, 2019			December 29, 2018
Coffee futures assets	$	—		$	0.1
Coffee futures liabilities	(17.1		)	(11.0		)
Net asset (liability)	$	(17.1	)	$	(10.9	)

The location and amount of gains or losses recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for cash flow hedging relationships, presented on a pre-tax basis, for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively, is shown in the table below:



	For the Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019		March 31, 2018
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	Cost of sales
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded	$	291.2	$	287.3
Loss on cash flow hedging relationship
Coffee futures:
Loss reclassified from AOCI into expense	$	2.6	$	0.9

The settlement of our derivative instruments resulted in a debit to cost of sales of $2.6 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively.