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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

Note 15. Income Taxes

The effective tax rates for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were 31.8 percent for both periods. The effective tax rates for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were 31.0 percent and 26.0 percent, respectively.

The income tax provision was computed based on the Company’s estimated effective tax rate and forecasted income by jurisdiction expected for the full year, including the impact of any unusual, infrequent, or non-recurring items. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2016 was less than the federal statutory rate of 35.0 percent primarily due to foreign income taxed at lower rates. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was less than the federal statutory rate primarily due to the recording of a non-cash tax benefit relating to certain foreign intangible deferred tax assets that was recorded during the period.

The Company uses significant judgment in forming conclusions regarding the recoverability of its deferred tax assets and evaluates all available positive and negative evidence to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. To the extent recovery does not appear likely, a valuation allowance must be recorded. These deferred tax assets reflect the expected future tax benefits to be realized upon reversal of deductible temporary differences, and the utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

The Company also evaluates its ability to utilize its foreign tax credits, given its recent utilization history and projected future domestic income. As of December 31, 2015, $9.2 million of the $19.5 million in tax credit carryforwards were related to foreign tax credits, which are subject to a 10-year carryforward period and begin to expire in 2020.

While management believes that the deferred tax assets, net of existing valuation allowances will be utilized in future periods, there are inherent uncertainties regarding the ultimate realization of these assets. It is possible that the relative weight of positive and negative evidence regarding the realization of deferred tax assets may change, which could result in a material increase or decrease in the company’s valuation allowance. Such a change could result in a material increase or decrease to income tax expense in the period the assessment was made.

Viad exercises judgment in determining its income tax provision when the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Viad classifies liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions as non-current liabilities in its consolidated balance sheets unless they are expected to be paid within the next year.

Viad had liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions (including interest and penalties) for continuing operations of $0.3 million for both June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. In addition, Viad had liabilities for uncertain tax positions (including interest and penalties) for discontinued operations of $1.2 million and $1.1 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The total liability associated with uncertain tax positions was $1.5 million and $1.4 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Future tax resolutions or settlements that may occur related to these uncertain tax positions would be recorded through either continuing or discontinued operations (net of tax, if applicable). The Company expects to release positions, including interest and penalties, of $0.1 million of continuing operations and $1.2 million of discontinued operations within the next twelve months due to statute expiration.