10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission file number: 001-11015

 

Viad Corp

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	36-1169950
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
7000 East 1st Avenue Scottsdale, Arizona	85251-4304
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(602) 207-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.50 Par Value	VVI	New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights	__	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.) Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the Common Stock (based on its closing price per share on such date) held by non-affiliates on the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2022) was approximately $551.6 million.

Registrant had 20,740,318 shares of Common Stock ($1.50 par value) outstanding as of February 21, 2023.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Viad Corp Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled for May 24, 2023, is incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report.

Auditor Firm Id: 34 Auditor Name: Deloitte & Touche LLP Auditor Location: Tempe, AZ USA

INDEX

		Page
Part I
Item 1.	Business	2
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	10
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	14
Item 2.	Properties	14
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	15
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	15
Other.	Information about our Executive Officers	15
Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	16
Item 6.	Reserved	17
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	29
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	31
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	79
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	79
Item 9B.	Other Information	82
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	82
Part III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	83
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	83
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	83
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	83
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	83
Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	83
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	87

In this report, for periods presented, “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” and “Viad Corp” refer to Viad Corp and its subsidiaries.

PART I

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2022 Form 10-K”) contains a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this 2022 Form 10-K, including the following sections: “Business” (Part I, Item 1), “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A), “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (Part II, Item 7), and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” (Part II, Item 7A). Words, and variations of words, such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “deliver,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “outlook,” “plan,” “potential,” “seek,” “target,” “will,” and similar expressions are intended to identify our forward-looking statements. Similarly, statements that describe our business strategy, outlook, objectives, plans, initiatives, intentions, or goals also are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are subject to a host of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:

•general economic uncertainty in key global markets and a worsening of global economic conditions;

•travel industry disruptions;

•the impact of our overall level of indebtedness, as well as our financial covenants, on our operational and financial flexibility;

•identified material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting;

•seasonality of our businesses;

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial condition, liquidity, and cash flow;

•our ability to anticipate and adjust for new and emerging challenges presented by the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic on our businesses;

•unanticipated delays and cost overruns of our capital projects, and our ability to achieve established financial and strategic goals for such projects;

•our exposure to labor shortages, turnover, and labor cost increases;

•the importance of key members of our account teams to our business relationships;

•our ability to manage our business and continue our growth if we lose any of our key personnel;

•the competitive nature of the industries in which we operate;

•our dependence on large exhibition event clients;

•adverse effects of show rotation on our periodic results and operating margins;

•transportation disruptions and increases in transportation costs;

•natural disasters, weather conditions, accidents, and other catastrophic events;

•our exposure to labor cost increases and work stoppages related to unionized employees;

•our multi-employer pension plan funding obligations;

•our ability to successfully integrate and achieve established financial and strategic goals from acquisitions;

•our exposure to cybersecurity attacks and threats;

•our exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations;

•liabilities relating to prior and discontinued operations; and

•compliance with laws governing the storage, collection, handling, and transfer of personal data and our exposure to legal claims and fines for data breaches or improper handling of such data.

For a more complete discussion of the risks and uncertainties that may affect our business or financial results, refer to “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A of this 2022 Form 10-K). The forward-looking statements in this 2022 Form 10-K are made as of the date hereof. We disclaim and do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement in this 2022 Form 10-K except as required by applicable law or regulation.

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Item 1. Business

We are a leading global provider of extraordinary experiences. Our mission is to drive significant and sustainable growth by delivering extraordinary experiences for our teams, clients, and guests.

We operate through three reportable business segments: Pursuit, Spiro, and GES Exhibitions.

During the first quarter of 2022, we rebranded GES’ brand experiences business and introduced Spiro to the market to accelerate our growth by servicing the changing needs of today’s brand marketers across a broader spectrum of their experiential marketing needs. Spiro and GES Exhibitions are both live event businesses and are collectively referred to as “GES.”

•Pursuit is a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences that includes recreational attractions, unique hotels and lodges, food and beverage, retail, sightseeing, and ground transportation services.

•Spiro is an experiential marketing agency that partners with leading brands around the world to manage and elevate their global experiential marketing activities.

•GES Exhibitions is a global exhibition services company that partners with leading exhibition and conference organizers as a full-service provider of strategic and logistics solutions to manage the complexity of their shows.

 

Pursuit is a global attractions and hospitality company that owns and operates a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences in iconic destinations. From world-class attractions, distinctive hotels, and engaging tours in stunning national parks and renowned global travel locations, Pursuit’s elevated attraction and hospitality experiences enable visitors to discover and connect with these iconic destinations. With a strategic direction to build an expanding portfolio of extraordinary experiences, Pursuit remains focused on refreshing, improving, and growing its collection in outstanding places around the globe. Pursuit draws its guests from major markets, including the United States, Canada, China, the United Kingdom, Australia/New Zealand, Asia Pacific, and Europe. Pursuit markets directly to consumers, as well as through distribution channels that include tour operators, tour wholesalers, destination management companies, and retail travel agencies. Pursuit comprises the following:

Banff Jasper Collection	The Banff Jasper Collection provides experiential travel experiences in the Canadian Rockies. Featuring lake cruises in Banff and Jasper National Parks, top-of-the-mountain views at the Banff Gondola, glacier exploration at the toe of the Columbia Icefield, the Glacier Skywalk and the Golden SkyBridge spanning over deep canyons, the collection offers visitors unique hotel experiences, attractions, culinary destinations, and retail offerings. The collection is also complemented by a sightseeing tour and transportation portfolio.
Alaska Collection	The Alaska Collection offers wilderness tours, whale watching, and glacier cruises complemented by unique lodging experiences in Denali and Kenai Fjords National Parks. From the port town of Seward, to the mountain town of Talkeetna, to the end of the road in Denali National Park, Pursuit offers a collection of unique attractions and hotels, complemented by culinary and retail services.
Glacier Park Collection	Located in and around Glacier and Waterton Lakes National Parks, the Glacier Park Collection features lodging, culinary and retail experiences, and attractions designed to enable guests to experience both Montana and Southern Alberta’s stunning outdoors. In 2022, we acquired the Glacier Raft Company, which provides guided river rafting trips operating in West Glacier, Montana.
FlyOver Attractions	Pursuit’s FlyOver flight ride attractions provide guests with an exhilarating flying experience over iconic natural wonders, hard to reach locations, and picturesque scenery. Utilizing state-of-the-art ride and audio-visual technology, each FlyOver experience features moving ride vehicles with six degrees of motion, multi-sensory special effects, and a spherical screen that provides guests with a flight across stunning landscapes.
Sky Lagoon	Pursuit’s Sky Lagoon is an oceanfront geothermal lagoon located in Reykjavik, Iceland. It features an ocean-side infinity-edge in addition to cold pool and sauna experiences. It also features an in-lagoon bar, dining experiences and retail offerings.

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Pursuit’s collection of experiences focuses on four distinct lines of business: Attractions (including food and beverage services and retail operations); Hospitality (including food and beverage services and retail operations); Transportation; and Travel planning.

Attractions

 

BANFF JASPER COLLECTION

Banff Gondola transports visitors to an elevation of over 7,000 feet above sea level to the top of Sulphur Mountain in Banff, Alberta, Canada offering an unobstructed view of the Canadian Rockies and overlooking the town of Banff and the Bow Valley. The Banff Gondola was a 2022 Trip Advisor Travelers Choice award winner and the Sky Bistro restaurant, which is located at the top of the Banff Gondola, is currently #2 of 115 restaurants in Banff on Trip Advisor.

Lake Minnewanka Cruise provides guests a unique sightseeing experience through interpretive boat cruises on Lake Minnewanka in the Canadian Rockies. The Lake Minnewanka Cruise operations are located adjacent to the town of Banff and include boat tours, small boat rentals, and charter fishing expeditions. The Lake Minnewanka Cruise was a 2022 Trip Advisor Travelers Choice award winner.

Glacier Adventure is a tour of the Athabasca Glacier on the Columbia Icefield, and provides guests a view of one of the largest accumulations of ice and snow south of the Arctic Circle. Guests ride in a giant “Ice Explorer,” a unique vehicle specially designed for glacier travel.

Columbia Icefield Skywalk is a 1,312-foot guided interpretive walkway with a 98-foot glass-floored observation area overlooking the Sunwapta Valley, near our Glacier Adventure attraction in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada.

Maligne Lake Cruise provides interpretive boat tours at Maligne Lake, the largest lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. In addition to boat tours, Maligne Lake has a marina and day lodge that offers food and beverage and retail services, an historic chalet complex and boat house that offers canoes, kayaks, and rowboats for rental.

Golden Skybridge is located in the mountain town of Golden, British Columbia, which is 90 minutes from Banff. It consists of two suspension bridges that are connected through forested trails. The upper skybridge is 426 feet above the canyon floor while the lower skybridge is 262 feet above the canyon floor. The attraction also includes a zip line and a canyon challenge course. We completed the construction of a mountain coaster, which will open during the summer of 2023.

Open Top Touring is a guided sightseeing tour of Banff with a historic twist. Guests ride in a custom-made, open-topped automobile inspired by local tours from the 1930s.

ALASKA COLLECTION

Kenai Fjords Tours is the #1 Alaska wildlife and glacier cruise, offering guests unforgettable sights of towering glaciers, humpback and grey whales, orcas, arctic birdlife, sea lions, seals, and porpoises in Kenai Fjords National Park. Tours range from a few hours to full days, with some tours including a full meal of wild Alaskan salmon, prime rib, and Alaskan King Crab on Fox Island. Kenai Fjords Tours was a 2022 Trip Advisor Travelers Choice award winner.

SKY LAGOON

Sky Lagoon is a 230-foot premium oceanfront geothermal lagoon that is located in Kársnes Harbour, Kópavogur, just minutes from Reykjavik. Sky Lagoon showcases expansive ocean vistas punctuated by awe-inspiring sunsets, Northern Lights, and dark sky views. Sky Lagoon was a 2022 Trip Advisor Travelers Choice award winner.

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FLYOVER ATTRACTIONS

FlyOver flight ride attractions provide guests with an exhilarating flying experience over iconic natural wonders, hard to reach locations, and picturesque scenery. Utilizing state-of-the-art ride and audio-visual technology, each FlyOver experience features moving ride vehicles with six degrees of motion and multi-sensory special effects before a spherical screen.

•FlyOver Canada is located along Vancouver’s waterfront in the heart of downtown.

•FlyOver Iceland is located in Reykjavik’s Grandi Harbour District.

•FlyOver Las Vegas is located on Las Vegas Boulevard in Las Vegas, Nevada.

•We currently have two additional locations in planning or development:

•FlyOver Chicago, located near the front entrance of Chicago’s Navy Pier, is expected to open during 2024.

•FlyOver Canada Toronto, located at the base of the CN Tower in Toronto’s Entertainment District. The opening of this attraction was originally planned for 2024, however, it has been postponed due to permitting and other related delays.

GLACIER PARK COLLECTION

Glacier Raft Company is Pursuit's newest attraction, which provides guided river rafting trips in West Glacier, Montana. The Glacier Raft Company also owns 13 log cabins, a lodge, and a wedding venue located on 50 acres with views into Glacier National Park.

Hospitality

 

BANFF JASPER COLLECTION		GLACIER PARK COLLECTION		ALASKA COLLECTION
Elk + Avenue Hotel	164 rooms	Glacier Park Lodge	162 rooms	Seward Windsong Lodge	216 rooms
Forest Park Woodland	152 rooms	Grouse Mountain Lodge	145 rooms	Talkeetna Alaskan Lodge	212 rooms
Lobstick Lodge	139 rooms	St. Mary Lodge	116 rooms	Denali Cabins	46 rooms
Mount Royal Hotel	133 rooms	Prince of Wales Hotel	86 rooms	Denali Backcountry Lodge	42 rooms
Chateau Jasper Hotel	119 rooms	Apgar Village Lodge & Cabins	48 rooms	Kenai Fjords Wilderness Lodge	8 rooms
The Crimson Hotel	99 rooms	West Glacier Cabin Village	32 rooms		524 rooms
Forest Park Alpine	88 rooms	Glacier Basecamp Lodge	32 rooms
Marmot Lodge	81 rooms	Belton Chalet	27 rooms
Pyramid Lake Resort	62 rooms	Motel Lake McDonald	27 rooms
Miette Mountain Cabins	56 rooms	Glacier Raft Co. Lodging	23 rooms
Glacier View Lodge	32 rooms	West Glacier RV Park & Cabins	20 rooms
	1,125 rooms		718 rooms

Transportation

BANFF JASPER COLLECTION

Transportation operations include sightseeing tours, airport shuttle services, and seasonal charter motorcoach services. The sightseeing services include seasonal half- and full-day tours from Calgary, Banff, Lake Louise, and Jasper, Canada and bring guests to the most scenic areas of Banff, Jasper, and Yoho National Parks. The charter business operates a fleet of luxury motorcoaches, available for groups of any size, for travel throughout the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia during the winter months.

ALASKA COLLECTION

Transportation includes a Denali Backcountry Adventure, which is a unique photo safari tour 92 miles deep into Denali National Park.

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Travel Planning

BANFF JASPER COLLECTION

Travel planning services include a full suite of corporate and event management services for meetings, conferences, incentive travel, sports, and special events. Event-related service offerings include staffing, off-site events, tours/activities, team building, accommodations, event management, theme development, production, and audio-visual services. The Banff Jasper Collection also owns and operates eight Pursuit Adventure Centers, which help guests book their leisure activities in Banff and Jasper National Parks.

ALASKA COLLECTION

Travel planning services provide complete travel planning services throughout Alaska.

Pursuit Seasonality

Pursuit’s peak activity occurs during the summer months. During 2022, 81% of Pursuit’s revenue was earned in the second and third quarters.

Pursuit Competition

Pursuit generally competes based on location, uniqueness of facilities, service, quality, and price. Competition exists both locally and regionally across all four lines of business. The hospitality industry has a large number of competitors and competes for leisure travelers (both individual and tour groups) across the United States and Canada. Pursuit’s competitive advantages are its distinctive attractions, iconic destinations, and strong culture of hospitality and guest services.

Pursuit Growth Strategy

Pursuit’s growth strategy is to become a leading attractions hospitality company through its Refresh, Build, Buy initiatives:

•Refresh. Refreshing our existing assets and processes to optimize the guest and team member experience, market position, and maximize returns;

•Build. Building new assets to create new guest experiences and additional revenue streams with economies of scale and scope; and

•Buy. Buying strategic assets that drive guest experience, economies of scale and scope, and improve financial performance.

We continue to search for opportunities to acquire or to build high return tourism assets in iconic natural and cultural destinations that enjoy perennial demand, bring meaningful scale and market share, and offer cross-selling advantages with a combination of attractions and hotels.

Recent Pursuit Developments

•On April 6, 2022, we acquired the Glacier Raft Company, which provides guided river rafting trips operating in Pursuit’s West Glacier, Montana operations. The Glacier Raft Company also owns 13 log cabins, a lodge, and a wedding venue located on 50 acres with views into Glacier National Park.

•The construction of the Forest Park Alpine, a new 88-room hotel in Jasper, was completed and opened in August 2022.

•We currently have two additional locations in planning or development:

•FlyOver Chicago, located near the front entrance of Chicago’s Navy Pier, is expected to open during 2024.

•FlyOver Canada Toronto, located at the base of the CN Tower in Toronto’s Entertainment District. The opening of this attraction was originally planned for 2024, however, it has been postponed due to permitting and other related delays.

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GES is a global, full-service live events company offering a comprehensive range of services to the world’s leading brands and event organizers from the design and production of compelling, immersive live and digital experiences that engage audiences and build brand awareness, through to logistics, including material handling, rigging, electrical, and other on-site event services.

GES has a leading position in the United States, serving every major exhibition market, including Las Vegas, Chicago, and Orlando. Additionally, GES produces events at many of the most active and popular international event destinations and venues in the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, the United Arab Emirates, and the Netherlands.

 

SPIRO

Spiro is an experiential marketing agency that partners with leading brands around the world to manage and elevate their global experiential marketing activities. Spiro builds immersive experiences with its clients starting with the strategic plan, creating the content and design, and finishing with the delivery and execution. Spiro delivers a broad range of unique and impactful experiences for its clients, including meetings and events, exhibition and program management, environments and permanent installations, brand and product activations, and marketing and measurement.

GES EXHIBITIONS

GES Exhibitions is a global exhibition services company with a legacy spanning over 90 years and teams throughout North America, Europe, and the Middle East. GES Exhibitions partners with leading exhibition and conference organizers as a full-service provider of strategic and logistics solutions to manage the complexity of their shows, including strategy, creative & design, registration & engagement, accommodations, logistics & management, material handling, overhead sign hanging, graphics and other rental and labor services. GES Exhibitions also serves as an in-house or preferred provider of electrical and other event services within event venues, including convention centers and conference hotels.

GES Seasonality and Show Rotation

GES’ exhibition and event activity can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year depending on the frequency and timing of shows. Some shows are not held annually and some shift between quarters. Show rotation refers to shows that occur less frequently than annually, as well as annual shows that shift quarters from one year to the next.

GES Competition

Within brand experiences, Spiro generally competes on the basis of creative design, value, quality, and service offerings. Spiro maintains competitive advantages through its breadth of service offerings, worldwide network of resources, state-of-the-art creative solutions, advanced technology platforms, longstanding reputation for customer service and execution, and financial strength. Most known competitors are privately-held companies that provide limited public information regarding their operations. There is substantial competition from a large number of service providers, however Spiro’s primary competitors are experiential marketing agencies and trade show design-and-build companies.

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In the live events industry, GES Exhibitions generally competes across all classes of services and all markets on the basis of discernible differences, value, quality, price, convenience, and service. GES Exhibitions has a competitive advantage through its worldwide network of resources, history of serving as an extension of clients’ teams, experienced and knowledgeable personnel, client focus, creativity, reliable execution, proprietary technology platforms, and financial strength. All known United States competitors and most international competitors are privately held companies that provide limited public information regarding their operations. GES Exhibition’s primary competitor is a privately-held, United States-headquartered company; however, there is substantial competition from a large number of service providers in GES Exhibition’s other service offerings.

GES Strategic Transformation

Over the past few years, we accelerated our transformation and streamlining efforts at GES to significantly reduce costs and create a lower cost structure focused on servicing GES’ more profitable market segments including the following:

•exited 26 leased facilities across GES’ warehouse and office network since 2020;

•sold GES’ San Diego area production warehouse in 2020;

•closed GES’ United Kingdom-based audio-visual services business in 2020; and

•sold GES’ Orlando area production warehouse in 2021.

Recent GES Developments

•During the first quarter of 2022, we rebranded GES’ brand experiences business and introduced Spiro to the market to accelerate our growth by servicing the changing needs of today’s brand marketers across a broader spectrum of their experiential marketing needs.

•On December 15, 2022, we completed the sale of the assets of ON Services – AV Specialists, Inc. (“ON Services”), GES’ US-based audio-visual services business for approximately $30.0 million.

Intellectual Property

Our intellectual property rights (including trademarks, patents, copyrights, registered designs, technology, and know-how) are material to our business.

We own or have the right to use numerous trademarks and patents in many countries. Depending on the country, trademarks remain valid for as long as we use them, or as long as we maintain their registration status. Trademark registrations are generally for renewable, fixed terms. We also have patents for current and potential products. Our patents cover inventions ranging from a modular structure having a load-bearing surface that we use in our event and exhibition services, to a surface-covering installation tool and method that reduces our labor costs and improves worker safety. Our United States issued utility patents extend for 20 years from the patent application filing date, and our United States issued design patents are currently granted for 14 years from the grant date. We also have an extensive design library. Many of the designs have copyright protection and we have also registered many of the copyrights. In the United States, copyright protection is for 95 years from the date of publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter. While we believe that certain of our patents, trademarks, and copyrights have substantial value, we do not believe the loss of any one of them would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Our Trademarks

Our United States registered trademarks and trademarks pending registration include Global Experience Specialists & design®, Spiro, GES®, GES Servicenter®, GES National Servicenter®, , GES Measurement & Insight®, GES Project Central,, We’re There, Trade Show Rigging TSR®, TSE Trade Show Electrical & design®, Earth Explorers®, Compass Direct®, ethnoMetrics®, eXPRESSO®, FIT®, FLYOVER® & design, FLYOVER Canada & design®, FLYOVER Iceland & design®, eco-sense®, ONPEAK®, Above Banff®, by Pursuit, Kenai Fjords Tours & design®, Kenai Fjords Wilderness Lodge® & design, Seward Windsong Lodge & design®, Talkeetna Alaskan Lodge®, Explore Rockies®, Denali Backcountry Adventure®, Denali Backcountry Lodge®, and Denali Cabins & design®

We also own or have the right to use many registered trademarks and trademarks pending registration outside of the United States, including GES®, Spiro®, ShowTech®, Poken®, Visit®, Visit by GES®, Brewster Inc. & design®, Brewster Attractions Explore & design®, Brewster Hospitality Refresh & design®, Glacier Skywalk®, Above Banff®, Explore Rockies®, FLYOVER & design®, FLYOVER ICELAND & design, FLYOVER Canada & design, Mount Royal, GES Event Intelligence AG®, Pursuit®, by Pursuit®, Kaffi Grandi, Ský Lagoon®, Soaring Over Canada®, Elk + Avenue Hotel®, Brewster Epic Summer Pass®, and escape.connect.refresh.explore®.

Government Regulation and Compliance

The principal rules and regulations affecting our day-to-day business relate to our employees (such as regulations implemented by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, equal employment opportunity laws, guidelines implemented pursuant to the Americans

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with Disabilities Act, and general federal and state employment laws), unionized labor (such as guidelines imposed by the National Labor Relations Act), United States and Canadian regulations relating to national parks (such as regulations established by Parks Canada, the United States Department of the Interior, and the United States National Park Service), United States and Canadian regulations relating to boating (such as regulations implemented by the United States Coast Guard and Canadian Coast Guard and state boating laws), and transportation (such as regulations promulgated by the United States Department of Transportation and its state counterparts).

Our current and former businesses are subject to federal and state environmental regulations. Compliance with these provisions, and environmental stewardship generally, is key to our ongoing operations. To date, these provisions have not had, and we do not expect them to have, a material effect on our results of current and discontinued operations.

On July 18, 2020, an off-road Ice Explorer operated by our Pursuit business was involved in an accident while enroute to the Athabasca Glacier, resulting in three fatalities and multiple other serious injuries. We continue to support the victims and their families. We immediately reported the accident to our relevant insurance carriers, who are also supporting the investigation and subsequent claims. In May 2022, we received charges from the Canadian office of Occupational Health and Safety in relation to this accident. We continue to cooperate fully with regulatory agencies regarding this accident. In addition, we believe that our reserves and, subject to customary deductibles, our insurance coverage is sufficient to cover potential claims and regulatory fines related to this accident.

Human Capital

Our people drive our success. We foster a culture that is equitable and inclusive, celebrates our talent, and prioritizes the safety and wellness of our teams, clients, and guests. We are committed to cultivating an environment where people of all different backgrounds feel a sense of belonging and contribute to our continued success.

We had the following number of employees as of December 31, 2022:

	Number of Employees (1)
GES		2,440
Pursuit		913
Viad Corporate		34
Total		3,387

(1)Includes 505 employees covered by collective bargaining agreements and excludes seasonal or temporary employees. The employees covered by collective bargaining agreements are largely used to staff GES’ shows, events, and production facilities pursuant to business demands. The transportation teams at Pursuit’s Banff Jasper Collection are covered by collective bargaining agreements as well as the majority of our Iceland workforce. We believe that relations with our employees are good and that collective bargaining agreements expiring in 2023 will be renegotiated in the ordinary course of business without adverse effects on our operations.

GES hires temporary employees on a show-by-show basis. The number of temporary employees fluctuates depending on the size and location of the exhibition or event. Pursuit hires approximately 2,000 seasonal employees during the peak summer months to help operate its attractions and hospitality properties.

We are governed by a Board of Directors comprising eight non-employee directors and one employee director, and we have an executive management team with six executive officers.

Diversity, inclusion, and belonging

We take pride in our diverse community. We believe diversity and gender equality are critical to building a thriving workplace. We strive to create an environment where people of all different backgrounds feel a sense of belonging and contribute to our continued success. To make our workplace as inclusive and safe as possible, we have diversity and inclusion training integrated into our Always Honest Compliance and Ethics Program.

We do not discriminate against employees or applicants based on race, color, age, disability, ethnicity, citizenship, religion, sex, national origin, sexual orientation, genetics or genetic information, or any other categories protected by applicable law. We are committed to equal opportunity in all of our employment activities, including, but not limited to, recruitment, hiring, compensation, determination of benefits, training, promotion, and discipline. We also provide reasonable accommodations to disabled persons, so all employees can achieve success in the workplace.

We take pride in the diverse and talented group of people that make up our Board of Directors, executive management team, and employees. We understand the value that a diverse workforce of varying genders, ethnicity, background, and experience brings to the Company and we are focused on improving diversity at all levels. With our appointment of Beverly K. Carmichael and Patrick T.

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LaValley to our Board of Directors in 2022, we now have three female Board members and two minorities out of a total of eight non-employee Board members. In 2022, more than 45% of our overall global workforce was female.

As a devoted steward to our communities, we are committed to increasing the diversity of our workforce to better reflect the communities in which we operate. We have undertaken initiatives, which go beyond legal compliance, to recruit from diverse audiences, such as minorities, women, and veterans. These efforts include leveraging inclusive job-posting sites and sharing job postings with community partners.

As part of our commitment to developing our employees and furthering their professional growth, we have programs in place including GES’ Business Development Mentor Program and the newly launched training platform for people leaders, including “Spiro.You” at Spiro, “Sales Leadership Program” at GES Exhibitions, and “Leaders’ Journey” at Pursuit. These programs connect new hires, which are recent graduates, with leaders within our organization and is designed to accelerate their career trajectory.

Our emphasis on equality permeates throughout the organization and helps drive our success. For example, we conduct periodic employee engagement surveys to help us understand, recognize, and respect the diversity within our team. These surveys help shape our training and development plans to ensure we are maintaining an inclusive culture by engaging, developing, and retaining our talented team members across the globe.

Safety and well-being

The safety and well-being of team members, clients, and guests is a leading core value. We believe that maintaining strong standards of health and safety improves employee productivity and operational efficiency and enhances employee well-being.

Our employees have a responsibility to maintain a safe and healthy work environment. We take prompt action to correct unsafe or hazardous conditions; we promptly report work-related accidents and injuries in accordance with established procedures and applicable laws; we strive to follow all established work rules related to safety; we educate our workers to ensure they understand the risks, know how to handle hazardous products safely, and are familiar with available information for all hazardous materials used. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we rapidly designed and implemented enhanced health and safety protocols to protect our team members who continued to perform critical on-site and front-line work serving our clients and guests.

Both Pursuit and GES have implemented business-specific programs that support our commitment to the safety and well-being of our team members, clients, and guests. Pursuit’s Safety Promise is our commitment to the safety and well-being of our guests and staff. Through this program, we ensure that everyone feels safe when visiting our experiences and that these places can continue to make a positive impact. GES’ Always On Health and Safety Program was designed by our safety team to protect our employees, customers, partners, and event attendees. GES employees are committed to adhering to all local government and facility requirements and those established in conjunction with our partners and clients. Safe, reliable delivery of events is one of our most significant responsibilities.

Compliance and ethics

We believe that maintaining a culture of high ethical standards gives us a distinct advantage in recruiting and retaining top talent, delivering the best experience for our customers, and attracting shareholders. Our Always Honest Compliance and Ethics Program, with the full support of our Board of Directors, has guided us since 1994 to translate integrity into our everyday behavior and actions. The Always Honest Compliance and Ethics Program guides our employees to act honestly, ethically, and always in compliance with the law.

Community involvement

Giving back to the community is very important to us. We are committed to making a positive impact within the communities we serve through educational programs such as GES’ Exhibition Sponsorships, volunteer services, and environmental/economic sustainable efforts in the community. Many of our offices pull together to volunteer and support local and national organizations. The Banff Jasper Collection was awarded Corporate Citizen of the Year in Jasper, Alberta in recognition of its community building efforts. Pursuit also supported an exchange of learning and renewed its dedication to reconciliation with local Indigenous communities through a variety of initiatives and programs.

Rewards and performance management

Beyond a competitive salary, we offer a range of healthcare benefits to full-time employees, their spouses, and dependents. We encourage our employees to grow professionally with ongoing training and internal career opportunities. We utilize a performance review process, which aligns our core competencies to our core values, and a performance management cycle, which provides a framework designed to maximize performance and cultivate talent. Short- and long-term incentive compensation for senior managers and executives is based on the Company’s performance and/or stock performance.

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Available Information

We were incorporated in Delaware in 1991. Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “VVI.”

Our website address is www.viad.com. All of our Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings, including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file that material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information contained on our website is neither a part of, nor incorporated by reference into, this 2022 Form 10-K.

Our investor relations website is www.viad.com/investors/investor-center/default.aspx and includes key information about our corporate governance initiatives, including our Corporate Governance Guidelines, our Board of Directors committee charters, our Code of Ethics, and information concerning our Board members and how to communicate with them.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our operations and financial results are subject to known and unknown risks. As a result, past financial performance and historical trends may not be reliable indicators of our future performance.

Macroeconomic Risks

We are vulnerable to deterioration in general economic conditions. Our business is particularly sensitive to fluctuations in general economic conditions in the United States and other global markets in which we operate. A decline in global or regional economic conditions, or consumers’ fears that economic conditions will decline, whether due to inflation, rising interest rates, or other economic, pandemic or geopolitical uncertainties could cause declining consumer or corporate spending, travel disruptions, unemployment, fluctuations in stock markets and interest rates, contraction of credit availability, or other dynamic factors affecting economic conditions generally. For example, in response to high inflation, the United States Federal Reserve began to raise its benchmark interest rates in March 2022 and continued to increase interest rates throughout 2022. This has increased our interest expense on our variable rate debt. The additional impacts of these macroeconomic developments on our operations cannot be predicted with certainty. The success of our GES business largely depends on the number of exhibitions or other live events held, the size of marketing expenditures at those events, and on the strength of particular industries that support those events. The number and size of live events and related marketing expenditures generally decrease when the economy weakens. We also could suffer from reduced spending for our services because many live event marketing budgets are partly discretionary and are frequently among the first expenditures reduced when economic conditions deteriorate. In addition, revenue from our Pursuit operations depends largely on the amount of disposable income that consumers have available for travel and vacations, which decreases during periods of weak general economic conditions. As a result, any deterioration in general economic conditions could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Travel industry disruptions, particularly those affecting the hotel and airline industries, could adversely affect our business. Our business depends largely on the ability and willingness of people, whether exhibitors, event attendees, tourists, or others, to travel. Factors adversely affecting the travel industry, and particularly the airline and hotel industries, generally also adversely affect our business and results of operations. Factors that could adversely affect the travel industry include high or rising fuel prices, levels of consumer discretionary or corporate marketing spendings, increased security and passport requirements, weather conditions, health epidemics, pandemics and endemics, airline accidents, acts of terrorism, and international political instability and hostilities. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing orders resulted in severe global travel restrictions, closure or reduction in capacity of event venues, hotels, attractions and other operations, and reluctance of customers to travel. These circumstances had severe effects on our businesses. A decline in travel-related consumer discretionary or corporate marketing spend, or the occurrence of other pandemic or geopolitical events or hostilities that affect the availability and pricing of air travel and accommodations, could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our overall level of indebtedness, as well as our financial covenants under our revolving credit facility, could limit our operational and financial flexibility and make us more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions. As of December 31, 2022, our debt totaled $481.8 million, including $395.0 million outstanding on our Term Loan B, financing lease obligations of $64.7 million, and $22.1 million in other debt. As of December 31, 2022, capacity remaining under the revolving credit facility was $86.7 million. As a result of our indebtedness, we are required to make interest and principal payments on our borrowings, which are significant. These payments reduce our cash available, which could limit our ability to respond to market conditions or take advantage of potential acquisitions and strategic investments. To manage our exposure to interest rate movements, we entered into an interest rate cap agreement on $300 million of our Term B Loan on January 4, 2023. Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events.

In addition, our ability to draw on our revolving credit facility depends on our ability to meet certain financial covenants. This exposes us to various risks, uncertainties, and events beyond our control, including the impact of adverse economic conditions (including inflation, rising interest rates, or a recession) and public health crises (including the COVID-19 pandemic). If we are unable to maintain compliance with these covenants, our lenders may exercise remedies against us, including the acceleration of any outstanding

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indebtedness on our revolving credit facility. Under this circumstance, we might not have sufficient funds or other resources to satisfy all of our obligations, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related responsive actions have adversely affected our financial condition, liquidity, and cash flow, and may continue to do so in the future. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the cancellation of many of our events and the temporary closure of substantially all of our attractions, hotels, and other operations. The substantial reduction in our operations resulted in significant losses and negative cash flow from operations in 2020 and 2021.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused governments, public institutions, and other organizations to impose quarantines and lockdowns; restrictions and bans on travel or transportation; limitations on the size of in-person gatherings; closures of, or occupancy or other operating limitations on, work facilities, lodging facilities, food and beverage establishments, schools, public buildings, and businesses, including cancellation of exhibitions, sporting events, conferences and meetings; and quarantines and lock-downs. These actions dramatically reduced travel and demand for travel related services and live event experiences, which negatively impacted our business, operations, and financial results. Although many of these restrictions, bans, limitations, closures and mandates have eased or been lifted, they may be reinstituted from time to time in varying degrees by various jurisdictions as resurgences and variants emerge. The extent to which COVID-19 or other health epidemics, pandemics or endemics impacts our business, operations, and financial results will depend on the factors described above and numerous other evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict or assess, including the duration and scope of impact on global and regional economies and economic activity, short and longer-term impact on the demand for travel, transient and group business, and levels of consumer confidence and how quickly economies, travel activity, and demand for lodging recovers. A resurgence in cases of COVID-19 or another pandemic could further materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our businesses will face new challenges presented by the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the direct economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is clear that as our businesses have begun to recover, they are operating in new environments in light of societal, regulatory, and industry changes that have occurred since March 2020. Our ability to continue to adjust to these changes and deliver expected business results may be hampered by ongoing uncertainty presented by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of proper safety protocols, social norms, labor shortages, supply chain interruptions, and a potential of uneven demand for our services. In addition, our ability to deliver such services and otherwise execute against our recovery and growth strategies may be impacted by the extreme reduction of our workforce during the pandemic and the resulting loss of knowledge of and experience in our businesses. Taken together, our ability to anticipate and adjust to these ongoing changes and new conditions may lead to additional costs, which may materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Transportation disruptions and increases in transportation costs could adversely affect our business and results of operations. GES relies on independent transportation carriers to send materials and exhibits to and from exhibition, warehouse, and customer facilities. If our customers and suppliers are unable to secure the services of those independent transportation carriers at favorable rates, it could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, disruption of transportation services due to shortage of supply chain labor, including qualified commercial truck drivers; shipping capacity constraints, including shortages of related equipment; weather-related problems; labor strikes; lockouts; or other events could adversely affect our ability to supply services to customers and could cause the cancellation or curtailment of exhibitions, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Natural disasters, weather conditions, accidents, and other catastrophic events could negatively affect our business. The occurrence of catastrophic events ranging from natural disasters (such as hurricanes, fires, floods, and earthquakes), acts of war or terrorism, accidents involving our travel offerings or experiences, the effects of climate change, including any impact of global warming, or the prospect of these events could disrupt our business. Changes in climates may increase the frequency and intensity of adverse weather patterns and make certain destinations less desirable.

Such catastrophic events have, and could have, an adverse impact on Pursuit, which is heavily dependent on the ability and willingness of its guests to travel and/or visit our attractions. Pursuit guests tend to delay or postpone vacations if natural conditions differ from those that typically prevail at competing lodges, resorts, and attractions, and catastrophic events and heightened travel security measures instituted in response to such events could impede the guests’ ability to travel, and interrupt our business operations, including damaging our properties. For example, the accident on July 18, 2020, at Pursuit’s Glacier Adventure attraction, which involved one of our off-road Ice Explorers and resulted in three fatalities and other serious injuries, may have a negative impact on our reputation and traveler willingness to visit that attraction in the future.

Such catastrophic events could also have a negative impact on GES, causing a cancellation of exhibitions and other events held in public venues or disrupt the services we provide to our customers at convention centers, exhibition halls, hotels, and other public venues. Such events could also have a negative impact on GES’ production facilities, preventing us from timely completing exhibit fabrication and other projects for customers. In addition, unfavorable media attention, or negative publicity, in the wake of any catastrophic event or accident could damage our reputation or reduce the demand for our services. If the conditions arising from such events persist or worsen, they could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

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Strategic, Business, and Operational Risks

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to remediate this material weakness or maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in the future, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired. We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and have restated our financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The identified material weakness remained unremediated as of December 31, 2022. If we are unable to remediate the existing material weakness, experience additional material weaknesses or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls in the future, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations or prevent fraud, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

The seasonality of our business makes us particularly sensitive to adverse events during peak periods. The peak activity for our Pursuit business is during the summer months, as the vast majority of Pursuit’s revenue is earned in the second and third quarters. Our GES exhibition and event activity varies significantly because it is based on the frequency and timing of shows, many of which are not held each year, and which may shift between quarters. If adverse events or conditions occur during these peak periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic or natural disasters such as forest fires, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

New capital projects may not be commercially successful. From time to time, we pursue capital projects in order to enhance and expand our business, such as FlyOver, which includes FlyOver Canada in Vancouver, FlyOver Iceland, FlyOver Las Vegas, and the current development of FlyOver Chicago and FlyOver Canada Toronto, as well as other efforts to upgrade some of our Pursuit offerings. Capital projects are subject to a number of risks, including the failure to achieve established financial and strategic goals. For example, our FlyOver attractions are all considered one reporting unit and goodwill is assigned to, and tested at, the reporting unit level. Significant reductions in FlyOver’s expected future revenue, operating income, or cash flow forecasts and projections, or changes in macroeconomic facts and circumstances, particularly high inflation and the resulting rise in interest rates, may result in impairment charges in the future. Capital projects are also subject to unanticipated delays and cost overruns as well as additional project-specific risks. For example, we had to postpone FlyOver Canada Toronto due to the COVID-19 pandemic, permitting, and approval delays. A prolonged delay in a capital project, or our failure to accurately predict the revenue or profit that will be generated from a project, could prevent it from performing in accordance with our commercial expectations and could materially and adversely affect our future success, business, and results of operations.

We operate in highly competitive and dynamic industries. Competition in the live events markets is driven by price and service quality, among other factors. To the extent competitors seek to gain or retain market presence through aggressive underpricing strategies, we may be required to lower our prices and rates to avoid the loss of related business. Moreover, customer consolidations and other actions within the industry have caused downward pricing pressure for our products and services and could affect our ability to negotiate favorable terms with our customers. If we are unable to anticipate and respond as effectively as our competitors to changing business conditions, including new technologies and business models, we could lose market share. Our inability to meet the challenges presented by the competitive and dynamic environment of our industry could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

We depend on our large exhibition event clients to renew their service contracts and on our exclusive right to provide those services. GES has a number of large exhibition event organizers and large customer accounts. If any of these large clients do not renew their service contracts, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Moreover, when event organizers hire GES as the official services contractor, they usually also grant GES an exclusive right to perform material handling, electrical, rigging, and other services at the exhibition facility. However, some exhibition facilities have taken certain steps to in-source certain event services (either by performing the services themselves or by hiring a separate service provider) as a result of conditions generally affecting their industry, such as an increased supply of or reduced demand for exhibition space. If exhibition facilities choose to in-source certain event services, GES will lose the ability to provide certain event services, and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Show rotation affects our profitability and makes comparisons between periods difficult. GES results are largely dependent upon the frequency, timing, and location of exhibitions and events. Some large exhibitions are not held annually (they may be held once every two, three, or four years) or may be held at different times of the year from when they were previously held. In addition, the same exhibition may change locations from year to year resulting in lower margins if the exhibition shifts to a higher-cost location. Any of these factors could cause our results of operations to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter or from year to year, making periodic comparisons difficult.

Completed acquisitions may not perform as anticipated or be integrated as planned. We regularly evaluate and pursue opportunities to acquire businesses that complement, enhance, or expand our current business, or offer growth opportunities. Our acquired businesses might not meet our financial and non-financial expectations or yield anticipated benefits. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to

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conform controls, policies and procedures, and business cultures; consolidate and streamline operations and infrastructures; identify and eliminate redundant and underperforming operations and assets; manage inefficiencies associated with the integration of operations; and retain the acquired business’s key personnel and customers. Moreover, our acquisition activity may subject us to new regulatory requirements, distract our senior management and employees, and expose us to unknown liabilities or contingencies that we may fail to identify prior to closing. If we are forced to make changes to our business strategy or if external conditions adversely affect our business operations, such as unfavorable macroeconomic conditions (particularly high inflation and the resulting rise in interest rates), it may be difficult for us to accurately forecast revenue, operating income, or cash flow, and we may be required to record impairment charges in the future. Additionally, we may borrow funds to finance strategic acquisitions. Debt leverage resulting from future acquisitions would reduce our debt capacity, increase our interest expense, and limit our ability to capitalize on future business opportunities. Such borrowings may also be subject to fluctuations in interest rates. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, product and service sales, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are subject to currency exchange rate fluctuations. We have operations outside of the United States primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Germany. During 2022, our international operations accounted for approximately 38% of our consolidated revenue and 70% of our segment operating income. Consequently, a significant portion of our business is exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations. We do not currently hedge equity risk arising from the translation of non-United States denominated assets and liabilities. Our financial results and capital ratios are sensitive to movements in currency exchange rates because a large portion of our assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses must be translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the currency translation are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We also have certain loans and leases in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency, which results in gains or losses as exchange rates fluctuate. As a result, significant fluctuations in currency exchange rates could result in material changes to our results of operations and the net equity position we report in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Liabilities relating to prior and discontinued operations may adversely affect our results of operations. We and our predecessors have a corporate history spanning decades and involving diverse businesses. Some of those businesses owned properties and used raw materials that have been, and may continue to be, subject to litigation. Moreover, some of the raw materials used and the waste produced by those businesses have been and are the subject of United States federal and state environmental regulations, including laws enacted under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or its state law counterparts. In addition, we may incur other liabilities resulting from indemnification claims involving previously sold properties and subsidiaries, or obligations under defined benefit plans or other employee plans, as well as claims from past operations of predecessors or their subsidiaries. Although we believe we have adequate reserves and sufficient insurance coverage to cover those potential liabilities, future events or proceedings could render our reserves or insurance protections inadequate, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Labor and Employment Risks

Our business has been and may continue to be adversely affected by labor shortages, turnover, and labor cost increases. We rely heavily on our global workforce, including many seasonal and temporary employees. Several factors, including factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic, have resulted and may continue to result in labor shortages, turnover, and increased labor costs, including high employment levels and demand for employees; unemployment subsidies; the freezing of visa programs; increased wages offered by other employers; vaccine mandates and other government regulations and our responses thereto. Any of these factors could materially and adversely affect our ability to hire qualified team members and, therefore negatively impact our business and results of operations.

Our business is relationship driven. Our GES business is heavily focused on client relationships, and, specifically, on having close collaboration and interaction with our clients. To be successful, our account teams must be able to understand clients’ desires and expectations in order to provide top-quality service. If we are unable to maintain our client relationships, including due to the loss of key members of our account teams, we could also lose customers and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

If we lose any of our key personnel, our ability to manage our business and continue our growth could be negatively impacted. Our success, at least in part, depends on the continued contributions of our executive team and key personnel. If one or more of our key personnel were to resign or otherwise terminate employment with us, we could experience operational disruptions. In addition, we do not maintain key person insurance on any of our executive employees or key personnel.

Union-represented labor increases our risk of higher labor costs and work stoppages. Significant portions of our employees are unionized. We have approximately 100 collective bargaining agreements, and we are required to renegotiate approximately one-third of those each year. If we increase wages or benefits as a result of labor negotiations, either our operating margins will suffer, or we could increase the cost of our services to our customers, which could lead those customers to turn to other vendors with lower prices. Either event could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Additionally, if we are unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective bargaining process, the union may strike or carry out other types of work stoppages. If this were to occur, we might be unable to find substitute workers with the necessary skills to

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perform many of the services, or we may incur additional costs to do so, both of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our participation in multi-employer pension plans could substantially increase our pension costs. We sponsor a number of defined benefit plans for our United States and Canada-based employees. In addition, we are obligated to contribute to multi-employer pension plans under collective bargaining agreements covering our union-represented employees. We contributed $17.5 million in 2022, $7.1 million in 2021, and $8.6 million in 2020 to those multi-employer pension plans. Third-party boards of trustees manage these multi-employer plans. Based upon the information we receive from plan administrators, we believe that several of those multi-employer plans are underfunded. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 requires us to reduce the underfunded status over defined time periods. Moreover, we would be required to make additional payments of our proportionate share of a plan’s unfunded vested liabilities if a plan terminates, or other contributing employers withdraw, due to insolvency or other reasons, or if we voluntarily withdraw from a plan. At this time, we do not anticipate triggering any significant withdrawal from any multi-employer pension plan to which we currently contribute. However, significant plan contribution increases could materially and adversely affect our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Form 10-K) for further information.

Cybersecurity and Data Privacy Risks

We are vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks and threats. Our devices, servers, cloud-based solutions, computer systems, and business systems are vulnerable to cybersecurity risk, including cyberattacks, or we may be the target of email scams that attempt to acquire personal information and company assets. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of our employees switched to working remotely, which magnifies the importance of integrity of our remote access security measures. Despite our efforts to protect ourselves with insurance, and create security barriers to such threats, including regularly reviewing our systems for vulnerabilities and continually updating our protections, we might not be able to entirely mitigate these risks. Our failure to effectively prevent, detect, and recover from the increasing number and sophistication of information security threats could lead to business interruptions, delays or loss of critical data, misuse, modification, or destruction of information, including trade secrets and confidential business information, reputational damage, and third-party claims, any of which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. Moreover, the cost of protecting against cybersecurity attacks and threats is expensive and expected to increase going forward.

Laws and regulations relating to the handling of personal data are evolving and could result in increased costs, legal claims, or fines. We store and process the personally identifiable information of our customers, employees, and third parties with whom we have business relationships. The legal requirements restricting the way we store, collect, handle, and transfer personal data continue to evolve, and there are an increasing number of authorities issuing privacy laws and regulations. These data privacy laws and regulations are subject to differing interpretations, creating uncertainty and inconsistency across jurisdictions. Our compliance with these myriad requirements could involve making changes in our services, business practices, or internal systems, any of which could increase our costs, lower revenue, or reduce efficiency. Our failure to comply with existing or new rules could result in significant penalties or orders to stop the alleged noncompliant activity, litigation, adverse publicity, or could cause our customers to lose trust in our services. In addition, if the third parties we work with violate applicable laws, contractual obligations to us, or suffer a security breach, those violations could also put us in breach of our obligations under privacy laws and regulations. In addition, the costs of maintaining adequate protection, including insurance protection against such threats, as they develop in the future (or as legal requirements related to data security increase) are expected to increase and could be material. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

We lease our corporate headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona. Our other principal properties are owned or leased by Pursuit and GES.

Pursuit primarily owns its properties, both domestically and internationally, and leases its properties related to the FlyOver attractions. Pursuit’s properties mainly include attractions, hotels and lodges, retail stores, and offices. Properties located in Canada are subject to multiple long-term ground leases with their respective governments. For further information on Pursuit’s attractions and hospitality assets, refer to “Business” (Part I, Item 1 of this 2022 Form 10-K), which information is incorporated by reference herein.

GES leases its properties, both domestically and internationally. GES properties consist of offices and multi-use facilities. Multi-use facilities include manufacturing, sales and design, office, storage and/or warehouse, and truck marshaling yards. Multi-use facilities vary in size. Our largest multi-use facility in the United States is approximately 609,000 square feet and our largest foreign multi-use facility is in Canada at approximately 81,000 square feet.

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We believe our owned and leased properties are adequate and suitable for our business operations and that capacity is sufficient for current needs. For additional information related to our lease obligations, refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations and Note 20 – Leases and Other of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K), which information is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 21 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for information regarding legal proceedings in which we are involved, which information is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Other. Information about our executive Officers

Our executive officers as of the date of this 2022 Form 10-K were as follows:

Name	Age	Business Experience During the Past Five Years and Other Information
Steven W. Moster	53	President and Chief Executive Officer of Viad since 2014; President of GES from November 2010 to February 2019; prior thereto, held various executive management roles within the GES organization, including Executive Vice President-Chief Sales & Marketing Officer from 2008 to February 2010; Executive Vice President-Products and Services from 2006 to 2008; and Vice President-Products & Services Business from 2005 to 2006; and prior thereto, Engagement Manager, Management Strategy Consulting for McKinsey & Company, a global management consulting firm, from 2000 to 2004. Mr. Moster is a director of Cavco Industries, Inc (NASDAQ: CVCO), which designs and produces factory-built housing products, and serves as the Chair of the Compensation Committee.
Ellen M. Ingersoll	58	Chief Financial Officer since July 2002; prior thereto, Vice President-Controller or similar position since 2002; prior thereto, Controller of CashX, Inc., a service provider of stored value internet cards, from June 2001 through October 2001; prior thereto, Operations Finance Director of LeapSource, Inc., a provider of business process outsourcing, since January 2000; and prior thereto, Vice President and Controller of Franchise Finance Corporation of America, a real estate investment trust, from 1992 to 2000.
David W. Barry	60	President of Pursuit since June 2015; prior thereto, Chief Executive Officer and President of Trust Company of America, an independent registered investment adviser custodian, from 2011 to June 2015; prior thereto, Chief Executive Officer of Alpine/CMH, a helicopter skiing company, from 2007 to 2011; and prior thereto, Chief Operating Officer for all United States resort operations of Intrawest Corporation (formerly NYSE: IDR) (now Alterra Mountain Company) a North American mountain resort and adventure company, from 2004 to 2007.
Derek P. Linde	47	Chief Operating Officer, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since March 2022, and General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since 2018; prior thereto, Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Secretary at Illinois Tool Works Inc. (NYSE: ITW), a diversified manufacturer of specialized industrial equipment, from 2014 to 2018, and Associate General Counsel and Assistant Secretary from 2011 to 2014; and prior thereto, a partner at the law firm of Winston & Strawn LLP.
Jeffrey A. Stelmach	55	President of GES Brand Experiences since August 2021; prior thereto, Group President of Stadium Red Group, a collective of specialist agencies, from 2020 to 2021; prior thereto, President of Opus Holding Group of Opus Agency, a global event design and experiential agency, from 2018 to 2020; and prior thereto, President of U.S. Experiential Marketing and Shopper Marketing of Mosaic, a sales and merchandising, experiential marketing and interactive firm, from 2009 to 2018.
Leslie S. Striedel	60	Chief Accounting Officer since 2014; prior thereto, Vice President of Finance from March 2014 to April 2014; prior thereto, Vice President of Finance and Administration or similar positions with Colt Defense LLC, a firearms manufacturer, from 2010 to 2013; prior thereto, Vice President of Finance, Director of Financial Reporting and Compliance, and Corporate Controller of White Electronics Designs Corp. (formerly NASDAQ: WEDC) (now a wholly owned subsidiary of Microchip Technology Inc.), a circuits and semiconductors manufacturer, from 2004 to 2010; prior

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thereto, Corporate Controller of MD Helicopters, an international helicopter manufacturer, from 2002 to 2004; prior thereto, Corporate Controller of Fluke Networks (formerly Microtest, Inc. NASDAQ: MTST), a manufacturing and technology company, from 1999 to 2002; and prior thereto, Senior Tax Manager for KPMG LLP, a global firm providing audit, tax, and advisory services, from 1998 to 1999.

Our executive officers’ term of office is until our next Board of Directors annual organization meeting scheduled to be held on May 24, 2023.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol VVI.

Holders

As of February 21, 2023, there were 4,422 shareholders of record of our common stock, including 125 shareholders that had not converted their shares following a reverse stock split effective on July 1, 2004.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
October 1, 2022 - October 31, 2022		—	$	—		—		546,283
November 1, 2022 - November 30, 2022		—	$	—		—		546,283
December 1, 2022 - December 31, 2022		—	$	—		—		546,283
Total		—	$	—		—		546,283

Pursuant to previously announced authorizations, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares. In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended future dividend payments and our share repurchase program for the foreseeable future. The Board of Directors’ authorization does not have an expiration date.

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Performance Graph

The following graph compares the change in the cumulative total shareholder return, from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2022, on our common stock, the Standard & Poor’s SmallCap 600 Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure, the Standard & Poor’s SmallCap 600 Media Index, the Standard & Poor’s SmallCap 600 Commercial Services & Supplies Index, the Standard & Poor’s SmallCap 600 Index, the Russell 2000 Index, and Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (assuming reinvestment of dividends, as applicable). The graph assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2017.

 

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022
Viad Corp	$	100.00	$	91.09	$	123.54	$	66.42	$	78.58	$	44.79
S&P 500	$	100.00	$	95.61	$	125.70	$	148.81	$	191.48	$	156.77
Russell 2000	$	100.00	$	88.97	$	111.65	$	133.90	$	153.70	$	122.25
S&P SmallCap 600	$	100.00	$	91.48	$	112.28	$	124.90	$	158.30	$	132.74
S&P SmallCap 600 Comm. Services & Supplies	$	100.00	$	89.56	$	110.59	$	97.22	$	104.10	$	90.72
S&P SmallCap 600 Media	$	100.00	$	116.86	$	125.48	$	118.77	$	192.91	$	103.48
S&P SmallCap 600 Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure	$	100.00	$	105.41	$	116.43	$	147.66	$	143.37	$	114.16

Item 6. RESERVED

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes. The MD&A is intended to assist in understanding our financial condition and results of operations. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated due to various factors discussed under “Risk Factors,” “Forward-Looking Statements,” and elsewhere in this 2022 Form 10-K.

Overview

We are a leading global provider of extraordinary experiences, including hospitality and leisure activities, experiential marketing, and live events. We operate through three reportable segments: Pursuit, Spiro, and GES Exhibitions.

During the first quarter of 2022, we rebranded GES’ brand experiences business and introduced Spiro to the market to accelerate our growth by servicing the changing needs of today’s brand marketers across a broader spectrum of their experiential marketing needs. Spiro and GES Exhibitions are both live event businesses and are collectively referred to as “GES.”

Results of Operations

Financial Highlights

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2022		2021			2020			% Change 2022 vs. 2021	% Change 2021 vs. 2020
Total revenue	$	1,127,311	$	507,340		$	415,435		**		22.1	%
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad	$	23,220	$	(92,655	)	$	(374,094	)	**		75.2	%
Segment operating income (loss)(1)	$	68,944	$	(47,002	)	$	(116,240	)	**		59.6	%
Diluted income (loss) per common share from continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	0.52	$	(5.04	)	$	(18.55	)	**		72.8	%

** Change is greater than +/- 100%

(1)Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating income (loss), to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

2022 compared with 2021

•Total revenue increased $620.0 million, primarily due to increased revenue at GES of $507.7 million as live event activity at GES continued to improve and as certain previously canceled shows in 2021 took place during 2022, although on average at reduced capacities from pre-COVID-19 levels. Pursuit revenue increased $112.3 million, primarily due to increased visitation at Pursuit’s Canadian attractions, as well as incremental performance from Pursuit’s new experiences that were opened or acquired after January 1, 2021, which contributed revenue of $43.2 million during 2022 as compared to $15.6 million during 2021.

•Net income attributable to Viad was $23.2 million during 2022 as compared to a net loss of $92.7 million during 2021. This improvement of $115.9 million was primarily due to higher revenue and a gain on sale of GES’ United States audio-visual production business, ON Services, of $19.6 million, offset in part by higher expenses.

•Total segment operating income was $68.9 million during 2022 as compared to a loss of $47.0 million during 2021. This improvement of $115.9 million was primarily due to higher revenue at GES and Pursuit, offset in part by a non-cash foreign currency unrealized loss of $4.2 million related to a finance lease remeasurement in addition to a $9.1 million gain on sale of a GES warehouse in Orlando during the 2021 period.

2021 compared with 2020

•Total revenue increased $91.9 million, primarily due to increased revenue at Pursuit of $110.2 million. Although Pursuit continued to be affected by pandemic-related restrictions in certain international geographies, overall revenue at Pursuit improved from 2020 as health and travel restrictions lessened and people felt more comfortable traveling. Visitation from domestic travelers increased at Pursuit’s Glacier Park Collection and the Alaska Collection. Additionally, Canada’s border reopened during the third quarter of 2021. There also was strong regional and national demand from Canadians as they were required to stay closer to home. GES revenue decreased $18.3 million as live events remained largely shut down during the

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first half of 2021. Large scale in-person events started to take place during the second half of 2021 with generally lower exhibitor participation and lower attendance than pre-pandemic occurrences.

•Net loss attributable to Viad improved $281.4 million during 2021 as compared to 2020, primarily reflecting impairment charges of $203.1 million recorded during 2020 and higher restructuring charges of $7.4 million recorded during 2020 as compared to 2021, as well as improved segment operating results during 2021 of $69.2 million.

•Total segment operating loss improved $69.2 million during 2021 as compared to 2020, primarily due to the increase in revenue at Pursuit, offset in part by the elimination of performance-based incentives in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and GES’ decrease in revenue.

Analysis of Revenue and Operating Results by Reportable Segment

Pursuit

The following table presents a comparison of Pursuit’s reported revenue and segment operating income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020			% Change 2022 vs. 2021			% Change 2021 vs. 2020
Revenue(1):
Pursuit:
Attractions	$	153,575	$	77,860	$	28,126			97.2	%	**
Hospitality		130,303		98,878		45,838			31.8	%	**
Transportation		12,798		5,578		2,696		**			**
Other		2,651		4,732		150			(44.0	)%	**
Total Pursuit	$	299,327	$	187,048	$	76,810			60.0	%	**
Segment operating income (loss)(2):
Total Pursuit	$	24,031	$	4,609	$	(42,343	)	**			**

** Change is greater than +/- 100%

(1)Revenue by line of business does not agree to Note 2 – Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) as the amounts in the above table include product revenue from food and beverage and retail operations within each line of business.

(2)Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating income (loss), to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

2022 compared with 2021

Pursuit revenue increased $112.3 million driven by stronger leisure travel to Pursuit’s Canadian experiences, resulting from reduced COVID-19 restrictions as well as incremental performance from Pursuit’s new experiences. Visitation at Pursuit’s Canadian attractions increased nearly 90% as compared to 2021 when Pursuit’s operations were impacted by border restrictions and temporary government mandated closures at FlyOver Canada and FlyOver Iceland. Pursuit’s new experiences that were opened or acquired after January 1, 2021, including the Sky Lagoon (opened May 2021), the Golden Skybridge (opened June 2021), FlyOver Las Vegas (opened September 2021), the Glacier Raft Company (acquired April 2022), and the Forest Park Alpine Hotel (opened August 2022), contributed revenue of $43.2 million during 2022 as compared to those attractions acquired or opened in 2021 of $15.6 million.

Pursuit segment operating income increased $19.4 million primarily due to the increase in revenue, offset in part by a non-cash foreign currency unrealized loss of $4.2 million related to a finance lease remeasurement, higher operating costs, including insurance and compensation-related expenses during 2022, as well as COVID-19 wage subsidies received in 2021 of $11.3 million from the Canadian government’s emergency wage subsidy program that did not repeat in 2022.

2021 compared with 2020

Pursuit revenue increased $110.2 million, which reflected the continued strengthening of leisure travel demand during the second half of 2021 versus 2020 as pandemic-related restrictions lessened and as people started to feel more comfortable traveling. Pursuit was affected by consumer discretionary spending on tourism activities. Travel restrictions and border closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected long-haul travelers to Canada and Iceland, which affected customer volumes and the results of operations. Pursuit’s seasonal attractions and properties were open starting in the second quarter of 2021 through the end of the year, although some operated at reduced capacities, whereas Pursuit’s properties and attractions were temporarily closed in 2020 from mid-March through

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most of the second quarter. The Glacier Park Collection and the Alaska Collection experienced increased visitation during the 2021 peak season from strong domestic leisure travel, which resulted in an increase in revenue from the Glacier Park Collection of $27.7 million and from the Alaska Collection of $31.1 million. Pursuit opened or acquired three new attractions in 2021, Sky Lagoon, the Golden Skybridge, and FlyOver Las Vegas, which contributed revenue of $15.6 million during 2021.

Pursuit segment operating income was $4.6 million during 2021 as compared to a loss of $42.3 million during 2020. This improvement was primarily due to the increase in revenue.

Performance Measures

We use the following key business metrics to evaluate the performance of Pursuit’s attractions business:

•Number of visitors. The number of visitors allows us to assess the volume of tickets sold at each attraction during the period.

•Revenue per attraction visitor. Revenue per attraction visitor is calculated as total attractions revenue divided by the total number of visitors at all Pursuit attractions during the period. Total attractions revenue includes ticket sales and ancillary revenue generated by attractions, such as food and beverage and retail revenue. Total attractions revenue per visitor measures the total spend per visitor that attraction properties are able to capture, which is important to the profitability of the attractions business.

•Effective ticket price. Effective ticket price is calculated as revenue from the sale of attraction tickets divided by the total number of visitors at all comparable Pursuit attractions during the period.

We use the following key business metrics, common in the hospitality industry, to evaluate Pursuit’s hospitality business:

•Revenue per Available Room. RevPAR is calculated as total rooms revenue divided by the total number of room nights available for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. Total rooms revenue does not include non-rooms revenue, which consists of ancillary revenue generated by hospitality properties, such as food and beverage and retail revenue. RevPAR measures the period-over-period change in rooms revenue per available room for comparable hospitality properties. RevPAR is affected by average daily rate and occupancy, which have different implications on profitability.

•Average Daily Rate. ADR is calculated as total rooms revenue divided by the total number of room nights sold for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. ADR is used to assess the pricing levels that the hospitality properties are able to realize. Increases in ADR lead to increases in rooms revenue with no substantial effect on variable costs, therefore having a greater impact on margins than increases in occupancy.

•Occupancy. Occupancy is calculated as the total number of room nights sold divided by the total number of room nights available for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. Occupancy measures the utilization of the available capacity at the hospitality properties. Increases in occupancy result in increases in rooms revenue and additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities, and room amenity costs), as well as increases in ancillary non-rooms revenue (including food and beverage and retail revenue).

The following table provides Pursuit’s key performance indicators:

	Year Ended December 31, 2022									Year Ended December 31, 2021										% Change
	As Reported			New Experiences(1)			Same-Store(2)			As Reported			New Experiences(1)		FX Impact(3)		Same-Store(2)			As Reported			Same-Store(2)
Attractions Key Performance Indicators:
Number of visitors		2,931,266			742,666			2,188,600			1,523,173			330,208		—		1,192,965			92.4	%		83.5	%
Ticket revenue (in thousands)	$	114,936		$	31,828		$	83,108		$	61,166		$	12,509	$	1,461	$	47,196			87.9	%		76.1	%
Effective ticket price	$	39.21		$	42.86		$	37.97		$	40.16		$	37.88	$	—	$	39.56			(2.4	%)		(4.0	)%
Attractions revenue (in thousands)	$	153,575		$	40,675		$	112,900		$	77,860		$	15,643	$	2,015	$	60,202			97.2	%		87.5	%
Revenue per attraction visitor	$	52.39		$	54.77		$	51.59		$	51.12		$	47.37	$	—	$	50.46			2.5	%		2.2	%
Hospitality Key Performance Indicators:
Room nights available		573,165			14,978			558,187			566,992			—		—		566,992			1.1	%		(1.6	)%
Rooms revenue (in thousands)	$	77,019		$	2,069		$	74,950		$	57,603		$	—	$	1,150	$	56,453			33.7	%		32.8	%
RevPAR	$	134.37		$	138.14		$	134.27		$	101.59		$	—	$	—	$	99.57			32.3	%		34.9	%
Occupancy		68.1	%		53.3	%		68.5	%		54.0	%		—		—		52.7	%		26.1	%		30.0	%
ADR	$	197.21		$	259.19		$	195.91		$	187.99		$	—	$	—	$	184.23			4.9	%		6.3	%
Hospitality revenue (in thousands)	$	130,303		$	2,528		$	127,775		$	98,878		$	—	$	1,480	$	97,398			31.8	%		31.2	%

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	Year Ended December 31, 2021								Year Ended December 31, 2020											% Change
	As Reported			New Experiences(1)		Same-Store(2)			As Reported			New Experiences(1)		FX Impact(3)			Same-Store(2)			As Reported			Same-Store(2)
Attractions Key Performance Indicators:
Number of visitors		1,523,173			335,888		1,187,285			678,558			700		—			677,858		**				75.2	%
Ticket revenue (in thousands)	$	61,166		$	12,651	$	48,515		$	19,939		$	16	$	(974	)	$	20,897		**			**
Effective ticket price	$	40.16		$	37.66	$	40.86		$	29.38		$	23.35	$	—		$	30.83			36.7	%		32.6	%
Attractions revenue (in thousands)	$	77,860		$	15,785	$	62,075		$	28,126		$	16	$	(1,424	)	$	29,534		**			**
Revenue per attraction visitor	$	51.12		$	46.99	$	52.28		$	41.45		$	23.35	$	—		$	43.57			23.3	%		20.0	%
Hospitality Key Performance Indicators:
Room nights available		566,992			—		566,992			387,809			—		—			387,809			46.2	%		46.2	%
Rooms revenue (in thousands)	$	57,603		$	—	$	57,603		$	26,383		$	—	$	(1,109	)	$	27,492		**			**
RevPAR	$	101.59		$	—	$	101.59		$	68.03		$	—	$	—		$	70.89			49.3	%		43.3	%
Occupancy		54.0	%		—		54.0	%		49.0	%		—		—			49.0	%		10.2	%		10.2	%
ADR	$	187.99		$	—	$	187.99		$	138.72		$	—	$	—		$	138.72			35.5	%		35.5	%
Hospitality revenue (in thousands)	$	98,878		$	—	$	98,878		$	45,838		$	—	$	(1,513	)	$	47,351		**			**

(1)New experiences comprise the following attractions that were opened or acquired after January 1, 2021: Sky Lagoon (opened May 2021), the Golden Skybridge (acquired March 2021 and opened June 2021), FlyOver Las Vegas (opened September 2021), the Glacier Raft Company (acquired April 2022), and Forest Park Alpine Hotel (opened August 2022).

(2)Same-Store metrics include only attractions and lodging properties that Pursuit operated at full capacity, considering seasonal closures, for the entirety of both periods presented. For experiences located outside the United States, financial metric comparisons to the prior year are expressed on a constant U.S. dollar basis.

(3)Foreign exchange rate variance effects (or “FX Impact”) represents the adjustments necessary to express prior financial metrics on a constant U.S. dollar basis, using the current year quarterly average exchange rates for previous periods to eliminate the impact of changes in exchange rates for same-store Pursuit experiences located outside of the United States.

Attractions. The incremental increase in the number of visitors from new experiences that were opened or acquired after January 1, 2021 was primarily driven by Sky Lagoon and FlyOver Las Vegas, which contributed approximately 87% of the total increase. The increase in same-store visitors during 2022 as compared to 2021 was driven by higher visitation during 2022, as visitation was impacted in 2021 by border closures and travel restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in addition to the temporary government mandated closures at FlyOver Canada and FlyOver Iceland.

The increase in same-store visitors during 2021 as compared to 2020 reflects the temporary closure of our attractions beginning in mid-March 2020 and extending through most of the second quarter of 2020 as a result of COVID-19 in addition to the reopening of the Canadian border during the third quarter of 2021, which accelerated visitation from international travelers. Revenue per attraction visitor increased due to higher effective ticket prices and ancillary revenue.

Hospitality. The increase in RevPAR during 2022 as compared to 2021 was primarily driven by higher occupancy and to a lesser extent by higher ADR driven by revenue management efforts.

Room nights available increased during 2021 as compared to 2020 as all of Pursuit’s properties were fully open during the 2021 peak season, whereas in 2020, Pursuit temporarily closed its properties in mid-March 2020 through most of the second quarter of 2020. The increase in RevPAR and ADR was primarily driven by Pursuit’s properties being open in 2021.

GES

During the first quarter of 2022, we changed our segment reporting as a result of operational changes and how our CODM reviews the financial performance of GES and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. Accordingly, GES’ new reportable segments are Spiro and GES Exhibitions. We reclassified prior periods to conform to the current-period presentation.

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The following table presents a comparison of GES’ reported revenue and segment operating income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020			% Change 2022 vs. 2021			% Change 2021 vs. 2020
Revenue:
GES:
Spiro	$	277,641		$	116,587		$	102,027		**				14.3	%
GES Exhibitions		557,880			209,529			238,705		**				(12.2	)%
Intersegment eliminations		(7,537	)		(5,824	)		(2,107	)		(29.4	)%	**
Total GES	$	827,984		$	320,292		$	338,625		**				(5.4	)%
Segment operating income (loss)(1)
Spiro	$	23,133		$	(9,556	)	$	(41,217	)	**				76.8	%
GES Exhibitions		21,780			(42,055	)		(32,680	)	**				(28.7	)%
Total GES	$	44,913		$	(51,611	)	$	(73,897	)	**				30.2	%

** Change is greater than +/- 100%

(1)Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating income (loss), to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

2022 compared with 2021

Spiro and GES Exhibitions revenue increased $161.1 million and $348.4 million, respectively, primarily driven by increased live event activity at both GES Exhibitions and Spiro and the return of large-scale events that were canceled or postponed into the first half of 2021.

Spiro and GES Exhibitions segment operating income improved $32.7 million and $63.8 million, respectively, from operating losses in the prior year period primarily due to higher revenue, offset in part by higher costs to support increased business activity, as well as a $9.1 million gain on sale of a GES Exhibitions warehouse in Orlando in 2021.

2021 compared with 2020

Spiro revenue increased $14.6 million and GES Exhibitions revenue decreased $29.2 million. The net decrease at GES of $18.3 million was primarily due to show postponements and cancellations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in mid-March 2020. During the first half of 2021, Spiro and GES Exhibitions serviced clients primarily with virtual and hybrid events while in-person events remained largely shut down. Larger-scale in-person events began to take place toward the end of the second quarter and during the second half of 2021 with generally lower exhibitor participation and lower attendance than pre-pandemic occurrences. Spiro revenue increased due to virtual and hybrid events during 2021, offset in part by shows completed during the first quarter of 2020 prior to the onset of the pandemic. GES Exhibitions revenue decreased due to large shows completed during the first quarter of 2020 prior to the onset of the pandemic, offset in part by virtual and hybrid events during 2021.

Spiro segment operating loss improved $31.7 million and GES Exhibitions segment operating loss increased $9.4 million. The net operating loss improvement at GES of $22.3 million during 2021 was primarily due to decreased operating costs through the reduction of head count and facilities, implementation of a flex workforce, and a continued focus on managing discretionary costs. GES Exhibitions segment operating loss increased due to a $9.1 million gain on sale of a warehouse in Orlando in 2021, offset by a $13.5 million gain on sale of a warehouse in San Diego in 2020.

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Other Expenses

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020			% Change 2022 vs. 2021			% Change 2021 vs. 2020
Corporate activities	$	13,418		$	11,689		$	8,687			14.8	%		34.6	%
Gain on sale of ON Services	$	(19,637	)	$	—		$	—		**			**
Interest expense, net	$	34,891		$	28,324		$	17,887			23.2	%		58.3	%
Other expense, net	$	2,077		$	2,070		$	1,594			0.3	%		29.9	%
Restructuring charges	$	3,059		$	6,066		$	13,440			(49.6	)%		(54.9	)%
Impairment charges	$	583		$	—		$	203,076		**				(100.0	)%
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	9,973		$	(1,788	)	$	14,246		**			**
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	148		$	558		$	(1,847	)		(73.5	)%	**

** Change is greater than +/- 100%.

Corporate Activities – The increase in corporate activities expense during 2022 relative to 2021 was primarily due to higher performance-based compensation expense. The increase in corporate activities expense during 2021 relative to 2020 was primarily due to higher performance-based compensation expense as we reduced our estimated performance achievement to zero in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, offset in part by fees and expenses related to the equity raise and credit facility amendment in 2020.

Gain on Sale of ON Services – On December 15, 2022, we completed the sale of substantially all of the assets of GES’ United States audio-visual production business, ON Services. We recognized a gain on sale of $19.6 million.

Interest Expense, net – The increase in interest expense during 2022 relative to 2021 was primarily due to higher interest rates in 2022, offset in part by $3.0 million in capitalized interest recorded during 2022. The increase in interest expense during 2021 relative to 2020 was primarily due to higher interest rates and higher debt balances during 2021. Additionally, as a result of the refinance and the repayment of our then $450 million revolving credit facility, we recorded $2.1 million of interest expense related to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs during 2021.

Restructuring Charges – Restructuring charges during 2022, 2021, and 2020 were primarily related to facility closures and severance at GES. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we accelerated our transformation and streamlining efforts at GES to significantly reduce costs and create a lower and more flexible cost structure focused on servicing our more profitable market segments, as well as charges related to the closure of GES’ United Kingdom based audio-visual services business in 2020. Restructuring charges in 2020 also included the elimination of certain positions at our corporate office.

Impairment Charges – Impairment charges in 2022 of $0.6 million were related to certain software development costs that were no longer being utilized at GES. Impairment charges in 2020 were related to the deteriorating macroeconomic environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in disruptions to our operations and the decline in our stock price. We recorded non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $185.8 million, a non-cash impairment charge to intangible assets of $15.7 million related to GES’ United States audio-visual production business, and a fixed asset impairment charge of $1.6 million.

Income Tax Expense – The effective income tax rates were 28.8% for 2022, 1.9% for 2021, and a negative 3.9% for 2020. The effective tax rate for 2022 was higher than the blended statutory rate primarily as a result of the higher mix of income earned in foreign jurisdictions where we do not have a valuation allowance. The effective tax rate for 2021 was lower than the blended statutory rate primarily as a result of excluding the tax benefit on losses recognized in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other European countries where we have a valuation allowance. The negative effective tax rate for 2020 was due to the recording of a $25.5 million valuation allowance against our remaining net deferred tax assets in the United States, United Kingdom, and other European countries, as well as no tax benefits on non-deductible goodwill impairments and losses recognized in those jurisdictions.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We believe that our existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund operations and projected capital outlays for at least the next 12 months and the longer term.

23

When assessing our current sources of liquidity, we include the following:

	December 31,
	2022		2021
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents(1)	$	59,719	$	61,600
Available capacity on revolving credit facility(2)		86,670		87,422
Total available liquidity	$	146,389	$	149,022

(1)As of December 31, 2022, we held approximately $49.2 million of our cash and cash equivalents outside of the United States, consisting of $20.6 million in Canada, $9.0 million in Iceland, $7.7 million in the Netherlands, $6.0 million in the United Arab Emirates, $3.9 million in the United Kingdom, and $2.0 million in other countries.

(2)Includes our total revolving credit facility of $100 million less outstanding letters of credit of $13.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and $12.6 million as of December 31, 2021.

Cash provided by operating activities, supplemented by our total cash and cash equivalents, is our primary source of liquidity for funding our strategic business requirements. During the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash provided by operating activities was $73.4 million.

Our short-term and long-term funding requirements include debt obligations, capital expenditures, working capital requirements, and potential acquisitions and strategic investments as we focus on scaling Pursuit with investments in high-return unforgettable, inspiring experiences through its Refresh, Build, Buy growth strategy. Our projected capital outlays can be adjusted for changes in the operating environment.

Debt Obligations

Effective July 30, 2021, we entered into a $500 million credit facility (the “2021 Credit Facility”). The 2021 Credit Facility provides for a $400 million term loan with a maturity date of July 30, 2028 (“Term Loan B”) and a $100 million revolving credit facility with a maturity date of July 30, 2026. The $400 million in Term Loan B proceeds were offset in part by $14.8 million in related fees. The proceeds from the Term Loan B were used to repay the $327 million outstanding balance under our then $450 million revolving credit facility. The $100 million revolving credit facility and the remaining proceeds from the Term Loan B have been and will be used to provide for financial flexibility to fund future acquisitions and growth initiatives and for general corporate purposes. On March 23, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the 2021 Credit Facility, which modified the revolving credit facility’s financial covenants. We were in compliance with all covenants under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for additional information.

Capital Expenditures

As of December 31, 2022, we had planned capital expenditures of approximately $75 million to $85 million for 2023, including approximately $40 million on select growth projects, such as the development of FlyOver Chicago. We intend to continue making investments to advance Pursuit’s Refresh, Build, Buy growth strategy while maintaining a solid liquidity position.

Other Obligations

We have additional obligations as part of our ordinary course of business, beyond those committed for debt obligations and capital expenditures. Refer to Note 20 – Leases and Other and Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for further information. The expected timing of payments of our obligations is estimated based on current information. Timing of payments and actual amounts paid may be different, depending on changes to agreed-upon amounts for certain obligations.

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Cash Flows

Operating Activities

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net income (loss)	$	24,795		$	(92,735	)	$	(376,952	)
Depreciation and amortization		52,483			53,750			56,565
Deferred income taxes		1,820			6,012			15,097
(Income) loss from discontinued operations		(148	)		(558	)		1,847
Restructuring charges		3,059			6,066			13,440
Impairment charges		583			—			203,076
Gains on dispositions of property and other assets		(272	)		(9,374	)		(14,935	)
Gain on disposition of ON Services		(19,637	)		—			—
Share-based compensation expense		10,241			7,727			2,653
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal		—			57			462
Other non-cash items, net		12,843			5,318			8,056
Changes in assets and liabilities		(12,336	)		(14,115	)		10,443
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	73,431		$	(37,852	)	$	(80,248	)

2022 compared with 2021

The change in net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of $111.3 million was primarily due to improved segment operating results of $115.9 million and a favorable change in working capital.

2021 compared with 2020

The decrease in net cash used in operating activities of $42.4 million was primarily due to improved segment operating results of $69.2 million, offset in part by an unfavorable change in working capital.

Investing Activities

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Capital expenditures	$	(67,170	)	$	(57,936	)	$	(53,567	)
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies		—			—			24,767
Cash paid for acquisitions, net		(25,494	)		(8,227	)		—
Proceeds from sale of ON Services		28,926			—			—
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets		470			14,360			22,027
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(63,268	)	$	(51,803	)	$	(6,773	)

2022 compared with 2021

The increase in net cash used in investing activities of $11.5 million was primarily due to the Glacier Raft Company acquisition in 2022 of $25.5 million and an increase in capital expenditures, offset in part by proceeds from the sale of ON Services of $28.9 million. During 2021, we used cash in investing activities for the acquisition of the Golden Skybridge, offset in part by proceeds of $14.4 million from the dispositions of property and other assets, primarily from the sale of a GES warehouse in Orlando.

2021 compared with 2020

The increase in net cash used in investing activities of $45.0 million was primarily due to 2020 activity including proceeds from the termination of our life insurance policies and proceeds of $17.1 million from the sale of the GES warehouse in San Diego. In 2021, we used cash in investing activities for the acquisition of the Golden Skybridge, offset in part by the proceeds from the sale of a GES warehouse in Orlando.

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Financing Activities

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Proceeds from borrowings	$	107,580		$	461,322		$	225,422
Payments on debt and finance obligations		(103,491	)		(345,297	)		(275,327	)
Dividends paid on common stock		—			—			(4,064	)
Dividends paid on preferred stock		(7,801	)		(3,900	)		—
Distributions to noncontrolling interest, net of contributions from noncontrolling interest		(570	)		(843	)		(1,526	)
Payments of debt issuance costs		(418	)		(1,767	)		(1,585	)
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld or repurchased		(1,428	)		(1,626	)		(1,688	)
Common stock purchased for treasury		—			—			(2,785	)
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, net of issuance costs		—			—			125,763
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		—			—			2,077
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	$	(6,128	)	$	107,889		$	66,287

2022 compared with 2021

The change in net cash used in financing activities of $114.0 million was primarily due to net debt proceeds of $4.1 million during 2022 compared to $116.0 million during 2021. In July 2021, we received $400 million in Term Loan B proceeds from the 2021 Credit Facility, which was used to repay the $327 million outstanding balance under our then $450 million revolving credit facility.

2021 compared with 2020

The increase in net cash provided by financing activities of $41.6 million was primarily due to net debt proceeds of $116.0 million during 2021 compared to net debt payments of $49.9 million during 2020. In July 2021, we received $400 million in Term Loan B proceeds from the 2021 Credit Facility, which was used to repay the $327 million outstanding balance under our then $450 million revolving credit facility. Proceeds from the issuance of Convertible Series A Preferred Stock in 2020 were offset in part by the 2020 net debt payments.

Debt and Finance Obligations

Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for further discussion all of which is incorporated by reference herein.

Guarantees

Refer to Note 21 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for further discussion all of which is incorporated by reference herein.

Share Repurchases

Our Board of Directors previously authorized us to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares. As of December 31, 2022, 546,283 shares remained available for repurchase under all prior authorizations. The Board of Directors’ authorization does not have an expiration date.

Additionally, we repurchased shares related to tax withholding requirements on vested restricted share-based awards.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). We are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Critical accounting policies are those policies that are most important to the portrayal of our financial position and results of operations, and that require us to make the most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. We identified and discussed with our audit committee the following critical accounting policies and estimates and the methodology and disclosures related to those estimates:

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets — Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and are reviewed for impairment if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the intangible asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. Our reporting units are defined, and goodwill is tested, at either an operating segment level or at the component level of an operating segment, depending on various factors including the internal reporting structure of the operating segment, the level of integration among components, the sharing of assets and other resources among components, and the benefits and likely recoverability of goodwill by the component’s operations.

For purposes of goodwill impairment testing, we use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. The estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows (the most significant being revenue and EBITDA margins), discount rates, and terminal values require considerable judgment and are based on market conditions, financial forecasts, industry trends, and historical experience.

The most critical assumptions and estimates in determining the estimated fair value of our reporting units relate to the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows for each reporting unit and the reporting unit cost of capital (discount rate) applied to those cash flows. We estimate the assumed reporting unit cost of capital rates (discount rates) using a build-up method based on the perceived risk associated with the cash flows pertaining to the specific reporting unit. In order to assess the reasonableness of our fair value estimates, we perform a reconciliation of the aggregate fair values of our reporting units to our market capitalization.

As noted above, the estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and terminal values require considerable judgment and are based on market conditions, financial forecasts, industry trends, and historical experience. These estimates have inherent uncertainties, and different assumptions could lead to materially different results. Our goodwill balance was $121.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and $112.1 million as of December 31, 2021 and pertained to our Pursuit business. The discount rates used in our most recent impairment analysis ranged from 11% to 15%.

Pursuit’s goodwill was assigned to, and tested at, the reporting unit level. The results of our most recent impairment analysis performed as of October 31, 2022, indicated that no impairment existed for Pursuit’s reporting units with reported goodwill. The excess of the estimated fair value over the carrying value for the Banff Jasper Collection and the Alaska Collection was significant. The excess of the estimated fair value over the carrying value for the Glacier Park Collection was 17% and FlyOver was 19%. Significant reductions in our reporting unit’s expected future revenue, operating income, or cash flow forecasts and projections, or an increase in a reporting unit’s cost of capital, could trigger additional goodwill impairment testing, which may result in impairment charges that could be material.

If an impairment indicator related to intangible assets is identified, or if other circumstances indicate an impairment may exist, we perform an assessment to determine if an impairment loss should be recognized. This assessment includes a recoverability test to identify if the expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the related assets. If the results of the recoverability test indicate that expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the related assets, we perform a measurement of impairment and we recognize any carrying amount in excess of fair value as an impairment. We periodically evaluate the continued recoverability of intangible assets which were previously evaluated due to an impairment indicator to determine if remeasurement is necessary.

Income taxes — We are required to estimate and record provisions for income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Accordingly, we must estimate our actual current income tax liability, and assess temporary differences arising from the treatment of items for tax purposes, as compared to the treatment for accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We use significant judgment in forming conclusions regarding the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and evaluate all available positive and negative evidence to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. To the extent recovery does not appear likely, a valuation allowance must be recorded. We had gross deferred tax assets of $110.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $117.1 million as of December 31, 2021. We had a valuation allowance against gross deferred tax assets of $101.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and $103.5 million as of December 31, 2021.

While we believe that the deferred tax assets, net of existing valuation allowances, will be utilized in future periods, there are inherent uncertainties regarding the ultimate realization of these assets. It is possible that the relative weight of positive and negative evidence regarding the realization of deferred tax assets may change, which could result in a material increase or decrease in our valuation allowance. Such a change could result in a material increase or decrease to income tax benefit (expense) in the period the assessment was made.

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We record uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process: first we determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position; and, if so, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

Pension and postretirement benefits — Our pension plans use traditional defined benefit formulas based on years of service and final average compensation. Funding policies provide that payments to defined benefit pension trusts shall be at least equal to the minimum funding required by applicable regulations. We presently anticipate contributing $0.6 million to our funded pension plans and $0.8 million to our unfunded pension plans in 2023.

We have defined benefit postretirement plans that provide medical and life insurance for certain eligible employees, retirees, and dependents. The related postretirement benefit liabilities are recognized over the employees’ service period. In addition, we retain the obligations for these benefits for retirees of certain sold businesses. While the plans have no funding requirements, we expect to contribute $0.7 million to the plans in 2023.

The discount rates used in determining future pension and postretirement benefit obligations are based on rates determined by actuarial analysis and management review and reflect the estimated rates of return on a high-quality, hypothetical bond portfolio whose cash flows match the timing and amounts of expected benefit payments. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for further information.

Share-based compensation — We grant share-based compensation awards to our officers, directors, and certain key employees pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, which has a 10-year term and provides for the following types of awards: (a) incentive and non-qualified stock options; (b) restricted stock awards and restricted stock units; (c) performance units or performance shares; (d) stock appreciation rights; (e) cash-based awards; and (f) certain other stock-based awards.

Share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated financial statements was $10.2 million in 2022, $7.7 million in 2021, and $2.7 million in 2020. We recorded total tax benefits related to such costs of $0.1 million in both 2022 and 2021. There was no income tax benefit related to such cost in 2020 due to the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. No share-based compensation costs were capitalized during 2022, 2021, or 2020.

We account for share-based payment awards that will be settled in cash as liability-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of liability-based awards at fair value at each reporting date until the date of settlement based on the number of units expected to vest and, where applicable, the level of achievement of predefined performance goals. These awards are remeasured on each reporting date based on our stock price and the Monte Carlo simulation model. A Monte Carlo simulation requires the use of several assumptions, including historical volatility and correlation between our stock price and the price of the common shares of a comparator group, a risk-free rate of return, and an expected term. We account for share-based awards that will be settled in shares of our common stock as equity-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of equity-based awards at fair value on the grant date on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The estimated number of units to be achieved is updated each reporting period based on the number of units expected to vest and, where applicable, the level of achievement of predefined performance goals, until the date of settlement. The fair value of stock option grants is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes stock option pricing model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of several assumptions, including expected volatility, a risk-free interest rate, a forfeiture rate, and expected life. We measure share-based compensation for performance-based options on a straight-line basis over the performance period and the underlying shares expected to be settled are adjusted each reporting period based on estimated future achievement of the respective performance metrics. Service-based options are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period on a graded-vesting schedule. Refer to Note 3 – Share-Based Compensation of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for further information.

Self-Insurance Liabilities — We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold businesses. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1 – Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for further information.

Non-GAAP Measure

In addition to disclosing financial results that are determined in accordance with GAAP, we also disclose segment operating income (loss) as a non-GAAP financial measure. Our use of segment operating income (loss) is supplemental to, but not as a substitute for,

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other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. As not all companies use identical calculations, segment operating income (loss) may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. We believe that our use of segment operating income (loss) provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations for trending, analyzing, and benchmarking our performance and the value of our business.

“Segment operating income (loss)” is net income (loss) attributable to Viad before income (loss) from discontinued operations, corporate activities, interest expense and interest income, income taxes, gains or losses from sales of businesses, restructuring charges, impairment charges, and certain other corporate expenses that are not allocated to the reportable segments and the reduction for income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests. Segment operating income (loss) is used to measure the profit and performance of our operating segments to facilitate period-to-period comparisons. Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for a reconciliation of segment operating income (loss) to income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes.

We believe segment operating income (loss) is a useful operating metric as it eliminates potential variations arising from taxes, debt service costs, impairment charges, restructuring charges, strategic dispositions, the reduction of income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests, and the effects of discontinued operations, resulting in an additional measure considered to be indicative of our ongoing operations and segment performance. Although we use segment operating income (loss) to assess the performance of our business, the use of this measure is limited because this measure does not consider material costs, expenses, and other items necessary to operate our business. As segment operating income (loss) does not consider these items, net income (loss) attributable to Viad should be considered as an important measure of financial performance because it provides a more complete measure of our performance.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our market risk exposure relates to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. Foreign exchange risk is the risk that fluctuating exchange rates will adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. The foreign exchange risk is composed of both potential losses from the translation of foreign currency financial information and the remeasurement of foreign currency transactions. Interest rate risk is the risk that changing interest rates will adversely affect our financial position or results of operations.

Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, United Arab Emirates, and Germany. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, for purposes of consolidation, we translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the translation of these foreign denominated assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As a result, significant fluctuations in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar may result in material changes to our net equity position reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We do not currently hedge our equity risk arising from the translation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities. We recorded cumulative unrealized foreign currency translation losses in stockholders’ equity of $43.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and $16.2 million as of December 31, 2021. We recorded an unrealized foreign currency translation loss in other comprehensive income (loss) of $26.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 and a gain of $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2021.

For purposes of consolidation, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses related to our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. As a result, our consolidated results of operations are exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates as revenue and segment operating income (loss) of our foreign operations, when translated, may vary from period to period, even when the functional currency amounts have not changed. Such fluctuations may adversely impact overall expected profitability and historical period-to-period comparisons. We do not currently hedge our net earnings exposure arising from the translation of our foreign revenue and segment operating income (loss).

A hypothetical change of 10% in the Canadian dollar exchange rate would result in a change to 2022 operating income of approximately $3.2 million. A hypothetical change of 10% in the British pound exchange rate would result in a change to 2022 operating income of approximately $0.2 million. A hypothetical change of 10% in the Euro exchange rate would result in a change to 2022 operating income of approximately $0.5 million. A hypothetical change of 10% in the Icelandic Krona exchange rate would result in a change to 2022 operating income of approximately $0.2 million.

We are exposed to foreign exchange transaction risk, as our foreign subsidiaries have certain loans and leases denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the respective subsidiary. As of December 31, 2022, we had long-term contractual liabilities that were denominated in nonfunctional currencies of $47.9 million. As foreign exchange rates fluctuate, these liabilities are remeasured, and the corresponding adjustment is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. A hypothetical change of 10% in foreign currency rates could result in an adjustment to the Consolidated Statements of Operations of approximately $4.8 million. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we did not have any outstanding foreign currency forward contracts.

We are exposed to short-term and long-term interest rate risk on certain of our debt obligations. A hypothetical change of 10% in interest rates would result in a change to 2022 interest expense of approximately $4 million.

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On January 4, 2023, we entered into an interest rate cap agreement with an effective date of January 31, 2023 to hedge cash flows on $300 million of our Term Loan B. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations and Note 24 – Subsequent Events of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K) for further information.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Page
Consolidated Balance Sheets	32
Consolidated Statements of Operations	33
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	34
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Mezzanine Equity	35
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	36
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	37
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	77
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	88

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VIAD CORP

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	December 31,
(in thousands, except share data)	2022			2021
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	59,719		$	61,600
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $2,174 and $1,808,    respectively		122,373			91,966
Inventories		10,785			8,581
Current contract costs		14,331			11,105
Prepaid insurance		13,370			10,284
Other current assets		18,977			14,080
Total current assets		239,555			197,616
Property and equipment, net		549,578			549,108
Other investments and assets		17,457			16,718
Operating lease right-of-use assets		102,777			95,915
Deferred income taxes		565			1,006
Goodwill		121,429			112,078
Other intangible assets, net		58,985			65,189
Total Assets	$	1,090,346		$	1,037,630
Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity, and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	73,020		$	69,657
Contract liabilities		43,950			39,141
Accrued compensation		25,839			12,788
Operating lease obligations		13,463			12,451
Other current liabilities		41,653			28,289
Current portion of debt and finance obligations		13,192			12,800
Total current liabilities		211,117			175,126
Long-term debt and finance obligations		456,752			446,580
Pension and postretirement benefits		16,769			23,692
Long-term operating lease obligations		101,297			93,406
Other deferred items and liabilities		70,024			68,953
Total liabilities		855,959			807,757
Commitments and contingencies
Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 180,000 shares authorized,   135,000 shares issued and outstanding		132,591			132,591
Redeemable noncontrolling interest		4,956			5,444
Stockholders’ equity
Viad Corp stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1.50 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 24,934,981 shares    issued and outstanding		37,402			37,402
Additional capital		570,271			566,741
Accumulated deficit		(334,301	)		(349,720	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(47,185	)		(27,429	)
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 4,216,044 and 4,381,606 shares, respectively		(211,657	)		(220,712	)
Total Viad stockholders’ equity		14,530			6,282
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		82,310			85,556
Total stockholders’ equity		96,840			91,838
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity, and Stockholders’ Equity	$	1,090,346		$	1,037,630

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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VIAD CORP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2022			2021			2020
Revenue:
Services	$	912,040		$	401,142		$	351,528
Products		215,271			106,198			63,907
Total revenue		1,127,311			507,340			415,435
Costs and expenses:
Costs of services		857,760			440,383			457,827
Costs of products		200,540			113,889			73,783
Corporate activities		13,418			11,689			8,687
Gain on sale of ON Services		(19,637	)		—			—
Interest expense, net		34,891			28,324			17,887
Other expense, net		2,077			2,070			1,594
Restructuring charges		3,059			6,066			13,440
Impairment charges		583			—			203,076
Total costs and expenses		1,092,691			602,421			776,294
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		34,620			(95,081	)		(360,859	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		9,973			(1,788	)		14,246
Income (loss) from continuing operations		24,647			(93,293	)		(375,105	)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations		148			558			(1,847	)
Net income (loss)		24,795			(92,735	)		(376,952	)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		(2,323	)		(1,686	)		1,376
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		748			1,766			1,482
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad	$	23,220		$	(92,655	)	$	(374,094	)
Diluted income (loss) per common share:
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	0.52		$	(5.04	)	$	(18.55	)
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders		0.01			0.03			(0.09	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	0.53		$	(5.01	)	$	(18.64	)
Weighted-average outstanding and potentially dilutive common    shares		20,812			20,411			20,279
Basic income (loss) per common share:
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	0.53		$	(5.04	)	$	(18.55	)
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders		0.01			0.03			(0.09	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	0.54		$	(5.01	)	$	(18.64	)
Weighted-average outstanding common shares		20,589			20,411			20,279
Dividends declared per common share	$	—		$	—		$	0.10
Amounts attributable to Viad
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	23,072		$	(93,213	)	$	(372,247	)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations		148			558			(1,847	)
Net income (loss)	$	23,220		$	(92,655	)	$	(374,094	)

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net income (loss)	$	24,795		$	(92,735	)	$	(376,952	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments		(26,821	)		524			7,113
Change in net actuarial loss, net of tax effects of $192, $210, and $(55)		6,967			2,712			(1,955	)
Change in prior service cost, net of tax effects of $0, $0, and $(46)		98			(24	)		(100	)
Comprehensive income (loss)		5,039			(89,523	)		(371,894	)
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest:
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		(2,323	)		(1,686	)		1,376
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments		(4,999	)		127			1,315
Redeemable noncontrolling interest:
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		748			1,766			1,482
Comprehensive loss attributable to Viad	$	(1,535	)	$	(89,316	)	$	(367,721	)

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND MEZZANINE EQUITY

																								Mezzanine Equity
(in thousands)	Common Stock		Additional Capital			Retained Earnings (Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Common Stock in Treasury			Total Viad Equity			Non-Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest			Total Stockholders’ Equity			Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest			Convertible Series A Preferred Stock
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	37,402	$	574,473		$	122,971		$	(35,699	)	$	(231,649	)	$	467,498		$	79,731		$	547,229		$	6,172		$	—
Net loss		—		—			(374,094	)		—			—			(374,094	)		(1,376	)		(375,470	)		(1,482	)		—
Dividends on common stock ($0.10 per share)		—		—			(2,038	)		—			—			(2,038	)		—			(2,038	)		—			—
Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			125,763
Dividends on convertible preferred stock		—		(3,006	)		—			—			—			(3,006	)		—			(3,006	)		—			3,006
Distributions to noncontrolling interest		—		—			—			—			—			—			(1,526	)		(1,526	)		—			—
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld		—		—			—			—			(1,688	)		(1,688	)		—			(1,688	)		—			—
Common stock purchased for treasury		—		—			—			—			(2,785	)		(2,785	)		—			(2,785	)		—			—
Employee benefit plans		—		(7,901	)		—			—			10,380			2,479			—			2,479			—			—
Share-based compensation - equity awards		—		4,444			—			—			—			4,444			—			4,444			—			—
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—			—			7,113			—			7,113			1,315			8,428			(390	)		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax		—		—			—			(1,955	)		—			(1,955	)		—			(1,955	)		—			—
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax		—		—			—			(100	)		—			(100	)		—			(100	)		—			—
Other, net		—		90			(3	)		—			—			87			—			87			925			—
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	37,402	$	568,100		$	(253,164	)	$	(30,641	)	$	(225,742	)	$	95,955		$	78,144		$	174,099		$	5,225		$	128,769
Net income (loss)		—		—			(92,655	)		—			—			(92,655	)		1,686			(90,969	)		(1,766	)		—
Dividends on convertible preferred stock		—		(3,821	)		(3,900	)		—			—			(7,721	)		—			(7,721	)		—			3,821
Capital contributions (distributions) to (from) noncontrolling interest		—		—			—			—			—			—			(1,160	)		(1,160	)		341			—
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld		—		—			—			—			(652	)		(652	)		—			(652	)		—			—
Employee benefit plans		—		(4,456	)		—			—			5,682			1,226			—			1,226			—			—
Share-based compensation - equity awards		—		7,562			—			—			—			7,562			—			7,562			—			—
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—			—			524			—			524			127			651			(153	)		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax		—		—			—			2,712			—			2,712			—			2,712
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax		—		—			—			(24	)		—			(24	)		—			(24	)		—			—
Acquisitions		—		—			—			—			—			—			6,759			6,759			—			—
Other, net		—		(644	)		(1	)		—			—			(645	)		—			(645	)		1,797			1
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	37,402	$	566,741		$	(349,720	)	$	(27,429	)	$	(220,712	)	$	6,282		$	85,556		$	91,838		$	5,444		$	132,591
Net income (loss)		—		—			23,220			—			—			23,220			2,323			25,543			(748	)		—
Dividends on convertible preferred stock		—		—			(7,801	)		—			—			(7,801	)		—			(7,801	)		—			—
Capital distributions from noncontrolling interest		—		—			—			—			—			—			(570	)		(570	)		—			—
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld		—		—			—			—			(355	)		(355	)		—			(355	)		—			—
Employee benefit plans		—		(6,967	)		—			—			9,411			2,444			—			2,444			—			—
Share-based compensation - equity awards		—		10,544			—			—			—			10,544			—			10,544			—			—
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—			—			(26,821	)		—			(26,821	)		(4,999	)		(31,820	)		(503	)		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax		—		—			—			6,967			—			6,967			—			6,967
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax		—		—			—			98			—			98			—			98			—			—
Other, net		—		(47	)		—			—			(1	)		(48	)		—			(48	)		763			—
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	37,402	$	570,271		$	(334,301	)	$	(47,185	)	$	(211,657	)	$	14,530		$	82,310		$	96,840		$	4,956		$	132,591

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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VIAD CORP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	24,795		$	(92,735	)	$	(376,952	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		52,483			53,750			56,565
Deferred income taxes		1,820			6,012			15,097
(Income) loss from discontinued operations		(148	)		(558	)		1,847
Restructuring charges		3,059			6,066			13,440
Impairment charges		583			—			203,076
Gains on dispositions of property and other assets		(272	)		(9,374	)		(14,935	)
Gain on disposition of ON Services		(19,637	)		—			—
Share-based compensation expense		10,241			7,727			2,653
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal		—			57			462
Other non-cash items, net		12,843			5,318			8,056
Change in operating assets and liabilities (excluding the impact of acquisitions and disposition):
Receivables		(39,402	)		(75,450	)		106,082
Inventories		(2,587	)		129			8,644
Current contract costs		(4,651	)		(3,284	)		16,279
Accounts payable		7,756			46,694			(88,251	)
Restructuring liabilities		(2,735	)		(5,923	)		(7,427	)
Accrued compensation		11,321			4,221			(26,375	)
Contract liabilities		5,607			20,881			(31,585	)
Income taxes payable		7,147			1,003			770
Other assets and liabilities, net		5,208			(2,386	)		32,306
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		73,431			(37,852	)		(80,248	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures		(67,170	)		(57,936	)		(53,567	)
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies		—			—			24,767
Cash paid for acquisitions, net		(25,494	)		(8,227	)		—
Proceeds from sale of ON Services		28,926			—			—
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets		470			14,360			22,027
Net cash used in investing activities		(63,268	)		(51,803	)		(6,773	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings		107,580			461,322			225,422
Payments on debt and finance obligations		(103,491	)		(345,297	)		(275,327	)
Dividends paid on common stock		—			—			(4,064	)
Dividends paid on preferred stock		(7,801	)		(3,900	)		—
Distributions to noncontrolling interest, net of contributions from noncontrolling interest		(570	)		(843	)		(1,526	)
Payments of debt issuance costs		(418	)		(1,767	)		(1,585	)
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld or repurchased		(1,428	)		(1,626	)		(1,688	)
Common stock purchased for treasury		—			—			(2,785	)
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, net of issuance costs		—			—			125,763
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		—			—			2,077
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(6,128	)		107,889			66,287
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(3,774	)		4,098			701
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		261			22,332			(20,033	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year		64,303			41,971			62,004
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year	$	64,564		$	64,303		$	41,971

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Viad and its subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant intercompany account balances and transactions in consolidation.

Nature of Business

We are a leading global provider of extraordinary experiences, including hospitality and leisure activities, experiential marketing, and live events.

We operate through three reportable segments: Pursuit, Spiro, and GES Exhibitions.

During the first quarter of 2022, we rebranded GES’ brand experiences business and introduced Spiro to the market to accelerate our growth by servicing the changing needs of today’s brand marketers across a broader spectrum of their experiential marketing needs. Spiro and GES Exhibitions are both live event businesses and are collectively referred to as “GES.”

Pursuit

Pursuit is a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences that includes recreational attractions, unique hotels and lodges, food and beverage, retail, sightseeing, and ground transportation services. Pursuit comprises the Banff Jasper Collection, the Alaska Collection, the Glacier Park Collection, FlyOver, and Sky Lagoon.

Spiro

Spiro is an experiential marketing agency that partners with leading brands around the world to manage and elevate their global experiential marketing activities.

GES Exhibitions

GES Exhibitions is a global exhibition services company that partners with leading exhibition and conference organizers as a full-service provider of strategic and logistics solutions to manage the complexity of their shows.

Impact of COVID-19 and Macroeconomic Factors

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the economies of countries in which we operate, including supply chain and labor challenges, and the ability of guests to travel from certain countries. However, during 2022 international tourism and live event activity continued to improve and demand for our products and services remained strong. It is not currently possible to estimate the duration and continued evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore no assurance can be given that an extended period of global economic disruption would not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations in future periods.

During 2022, changes in macroeconomic facts and circumstances, particularly high inflation and the resulting rise in interest rates, has increased our interest expense. The additional impacts of these macroeconomic developments on our operations cannot be predicted with certainty, but could have adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations in future periods.

Reclassifications

During the first quarter of 2022, we changed our segment reporting as a result of operational changes and how our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews the financial performance of GES and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. As a result, we changed the presentation of certain items in GES’ disaggregation of revenue and reportable segments. Refer to Note 2 – Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities and Note 23 – Segment Information for additional information. We reclassified certain prior-year amounts to conform to current-period presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on our results of operations or cash flows.

Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things: impairment

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

testing of recorded goodwill and intangible assets and long-lived assets; allowances for uncollectible accounts receivable; sales reserve allowances; provisions for income taxes, including uncertain tax positions; valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets; liabilities for losses related to self-insured liability claims; liabilities for losses related to environmental remediation obligations; sublease income associated with restructuring liabilities; pension and postretirement benefit costs and obligations; share-based compensation costs; the discount rates used to value lease obligations; the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests; and the allocation of purchase price of acquired businesses. These estimates and assumptions may change as a result of the impact of global economic conditions, such as the uncertainty regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, global inflationary pressures, and volatility in foreign exchange rates. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash equivalents are highly-liquid investments with remaining maturities when purchased of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and bank demand deposits. Restricted cash represents collateral required for surety bonds, bank guarantees, letters of credit, and corporate credit cards.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	59,719	$	61,600
Restricted cash included in other current assets		4,845		2,703
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	64,564	$	64,303

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

Allowances for doubtful accounts reflect the best estimate of expected losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The allowances for doubtful accounts, including a sales allowance for discounts at the time of sale, are based upon an evaluation of the aging of receivables, historical trends, and the current economic environment.

Inventories

We state inventories, which consist primarily of exhibit design and construction materials and supplies, as well as retail inventory, at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out and specific identification methods) or net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets: buildings, 15 to 40 years; equipment, 3 to 12 years; and leasehold improvements, over the shorter of the lease term or useful life. Property and equipment are tested for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable through undiscounted cash flows.

Leases

We recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the balance sheet and classify leases as either finance or operating leases. The classification of the lease determines whether we recognize the lease expense on an effective interest method basis (finance lease) or on a straight-line basis (operating lease) over the lease term. In determining whether an agreement contains a lease, we consider if we have a right to control the use of the underlying asset during the lease term in exchange for an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities at commencement date, which is when the underlying asset is available for use to a lessee, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

Our operating and finance leases are primarily facility, equipment, and land leases. Our facility leases comprise mainly manufacturing facilities, sales and design facilities, offices, storage and/or warehouses, and truck marshaling yards for our GES business. These facility leases have lease terms ranging up to 29 years. Our equipment leases comprise mainly vehicles, hardware, and office equipment, each with various lease terms. Our land leases comprise mainly leases in Canada and Iceland on which our Pursuit hotels or attractions are located and have lease terms ranging up to 46 years.

If a lease contains a renewal option that is reasonably certain to be exercised, then the lease term includes the optional periods in measuring a ROU asset and lease liability. We evaluate the reasonably certain threshold at lease commencement, and it is typically met if we identify substantial economic incentives or termination penalties. We do not include variable leases and variable non-lease components in the calculation of the ROU asset and corresponding lease liability. For facility leases, variable lease costs include the

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

costs of common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance for which we pay our lessors an estimate that is adjusted to actual expense on a quarterly or annual basis depending on the underlying contract terms. We expense these variable lease payments as incurred. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

Substantially all of our lease agreements do not specify an implicit borrowing rate, and as such, we utilize an incremental borrowing rate based on lease term and country in order to calculate the present value of our future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents a risk-adjusted rate on a collateralized basis and is the expected rate at which we would borrow funds to satisfy the scheduled lease liability payment streams commensurate with the lease term and the country.

We are also a lessor to third party tenants who either lease certain portions of facilities that we own or sublease certain portions of facilities that we lease. We record lease income from owned facilities as rental income and we record sublease income from leased facilities as an offset to lease expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We classify all of our leases for which we are the lessor as operating leases.

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) to estimate the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing. The estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and terminal values require considerable judgment and are based on market conditions, financial forecasts, industry trends, and historical experience. These estimates, however, have inherent uncertainties and different assumptions could lead to materially different results.

Self-Insurance Liabilities

We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold operations. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels.

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

Environmental remediation liabilities represent the estimated cost of environmental remediation obligations primarily associated with previously sold operations. The amounts accrued primarily consist of the estimated direct incremental costs, on an undiscounted basis, for contractor and other services related to remedial actions and post-remediation site monitoring. Environmental remediation liabilities are recorded when the specific obligation is considered probable and the costs are reasonably estimable. Subsequent recoveries from third parties, if any, are recorded through discontinued operations when realized. Environmental insurance is maintained that provides coverage for new and undiscovered pre-existing conditions at both our continuing and discontinued operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.

Convertible Preferred Stock

We record shares of convertible preferred stock based on proceeds received net of costs on the date of issuance. Dividends paid-in-kind increase the redemption value of the preferred stock. Redeemable preferred stock (including preferred stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) is classified as mezzanine equity and is reported between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Noncontrolling Interests – Non-redeemable and Redeemable

Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. We report non-redeemable noncontrolling interest within stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

consolidated net income or loss attributable to Viad and the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We consider noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within our control to be redeemable noncontrolling interests. Our redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to our 56.4% equity ownership interest in Esja Attractions ehf. (“Esja”), which owns the FlyOver Iceland attraction. The Esja shareholders agreement contains a put option that gives the minority Esja shareholders the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a calculated formula within a predefined term. This redeemable noncontrolling interest is considered mezzanine equity and we report it between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of the net income or loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the accretion of the redemption value is recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings or accumulated deficit and is included in our income (loss) per share. Refer to Note 22 – Noncontrolling Interests – Redeemable and Non-redeemable for additional information.

Foreign Currency Translation

Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, for purposes of consolidation, we translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the translation of these foreign denominated assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For purposes of consolidation, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses related to our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. We also have certain loans and leases in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency, which results in gains or losses as exchange rates fluctuate and are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured based on a specified amount of consideration in a contract with a customer, net of commissions paid to customers and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a product or delivering the service to a customer.

Pursuit’s service revenue is derived through its admissions, accommodations, and transportation services. Product revenue is derived through food and beverage and retail sales. Revenue is recognized at the time services are performed or upon delivery of the product. Pursuit’s service revenue is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits, and product revenue is recognized at a point in time.

GES’ service revenue is primarily derived through its comprehensive range of marketing, event production, and other related services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers. GES’ service revenue is earned over time over the duration of the live event, which generally lasts one to three days. Revenue for goods and services provided for which we do not have control of the goods or services before that good or service is transferred to a customer is recorded on a net basis to reflect only the fees received for arranging these services. GES’ product revenue is derived from the build of exhibits, environments, and graphics and is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the product.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation costs related to all share-based payment awards are recognized and measured using the fair value method of accounting. These awards generally include restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), and stock options, and contain forfeiture and non-compete provisions. We issue share-based payment awards from shares held in treasury. Future vesting is generally subject to continued employment. Holders of share-based awards have the right to receive dividends and vote the shares, but may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge, or otherwise encumber the stock, except to the extent restrictions have lapsed and in accordance with our stock trading policy.

We account for share-based payment awards that will be settled in cash as liability-based awards, which includes PRSUs and restricted stock units. We measure share-based compensation expense of liability-based awards at fair value at each reporting date until the date of settlement based on the number of units expected to vest and, where applicable, the level of achievement of predefined performance goals. These awards are remeasured on each reporting date based on our stock price and the Monte Carlo simulation model. A Monte Carlo simulation requires the use of several assumptions, including historical volatility and correlation between our stock price and the price of the common shares of a comparator group, a risk-free rate of return, and an expected term. Share-based compensation expense related to liability-based awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period of approximately three years.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

We account for share-based awards that will be settled in shares of our common stock as equity-based awards, which include PRSUs, restricted stock units, and restricted stock awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of equity-based awards at fair value on the grant date on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The estimated number of shares to be achieved is updated each reporting period based on the number of units expected to vest and, where applicable, the level of achievement of predefined performance goals, until the date of settlement. Share-based compensation expense related to equity-based awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period ranging from one to three years.

The fair value of stock option grants is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes stock option pricing model. We grant non-qualified stock options that are performance-based and service-based. The performance-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period ranging up to 3.4 years, and the underlying shares expected to be settled are adjusted each reporting period based on estimated future achievement of the respective performance metrics. The service-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period on a graded-vesting schedule ranging from one to three years. The exercise price of stock options is based on the market value of our common stock at the date of grant.

Common Stock in Treasury

Common stock purchased for treasury is recorded at historical cost. Subsequent share reissuances are primarily related to share-based compensation programs and recorded at weighted-average cost.

Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Diluted income (loss) per common share is calculated using the more dilutive of the two-class method or as-converted method. The two-class method uses net income (loss) available to common stockholders and assumes conversion of all potential shares other than the participating securities. The as-converted method uses net income (loss) available to common shareholders and assumes conversion of all potential shares including the participating securities. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options, unvested restricted share units and convertible preferred stock. We apply the two-class method in calculating income (loss) per common share as unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends and preferred stock are considered participating securities. Accordingly, such securities are included in the earnings allocation in calculating income (loss) per share. The adjustment to the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest is reflected in income (loss) per common share.

Government Assistance

We received government assistance of approximately $2.7 million in 2022, $21.6 million in 2021, and $27.7 million in 2020. Benefits received were primarily from the Canadian Emergency Wage Subsidy (“CEWS”) program, the United Kingdom’s COVID Job Retention Scheme (“CJRS”), and two Netherlands programs referred to as NOW and TVL. We have no provisions for recapture and are currently completing the audit process for the NOW proceeds received in 2021.

The CEWS program was implemented by the Canadian government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for businesses operating in Canada. Our Canadian subsidiaries within Pursuit and GES qualified for and applied for these CEWS cash benefits to partially offset the impacts of revenue reductions and on-going staffing costs. During 2022, GES received approximately $1.4 million in CEWS benefits. During 2021, Pursuit received approximately $11.6 million and GES received approximately $1.9 million. During 2020, Pursuit received approximately $12.8 million and GES received approximately $1.2 million. The CEWS benefits were recorded to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The CJRS program was implemented by the United Kingdom government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to allow employers to retain and continue to pay their furloughed employees. Furloughed employees were paid 80% of their salary up to a maximum of GBP 2,500 per month. During July 2021, employers were required to contribute 10% of the furloughed employees salary, which increased to 20% before the program closed on September 30, 2021. Payments were handled by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, or HMRC. GES received approximately $0.9 million in 2021 and $8.4 million in 2020, which were recorded to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The NOW and TVL programs were implemented by the Dutch government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The NOW program is a temporary emergency bridging measure to reimburse up to 85% of employees’ salaries. This program is still in effect and payments are handled by the Employee Insurance Agency, or UWV. The TVL program is a business support program focused on non-labor business expenses. The amounts claimed is based on lost income of more than 30%. Payments are handled by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency, or RVO. GES received approximately $0.6 million in 2022, $3.0 million in 2021, and $2.2 million in 2020 for both NOW and TVL programs, which were recorded to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The remaining benefits received were from various other programs totaling $0.7 million in 2022, $4.2 million in 2021, and $3.1 million in 2020.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements:

Standard	Description	Date of adoption	Effect on the financial statements
Standards Not Yet Adopted
Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers	Amendment relates to the application of Topic 805, Business Combinations, to contracts with a customer acquired in a business combination after the acquirer has adopted Topic 606. ASU 2021-08 requires contract assets and contract liabilities to be accounted for as if they (the acquirer) entered into the original contract at the same time and same date as the acquiree.	1/1/2023	We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. We will apply the provisions of ASU 2021-08 after adoption to future acquisitions, if any. We do not expect this new guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50) Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations	Amendment requires that a buyer in a supplier finance program disclose key terms about the program in connection with the purchase of goods and services along with information about their obligations under these programs, including a rollforward of those obligations.	1/1/2023	This new guidance will expand our disclosures within the scope of this new standard that are reflected in the financial statements as of the adoption date. It does not affect the recognition, measurement, or financial statement presentation of obligations covered by supplier finance programs. We do not expect this new standard to have a material impact on our related disclosures.

Standard	Description	Date of adoption	Effect on the financial statements
Standards Recently Adopted
ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity	The amendment simplified the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models available for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. The amendment also requires expanded disclosures about the terms and features of convertible instruments.	1/1/2022	The adoption of this new standard on January 1, 2022 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832) Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance	Amendment improves the transparency of disclosures about government assistance received by business entities by requiring annual disclosure of: (1) the types of government assistance received; (2) the accounting for such assistance; and (3) the effect of the assistance on a business entity’s financial statements.	1/1/2022	We provided the annual disclosure about government assistance in this Note 1 - Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies under the heading “Government Assistance.” The adoption of this new standard on January 1, 2022 did not otherwise have a material impact on our related disclosures.
ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848	Topic 848 provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. This amendment defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024.	12/21/2022	The sunset deferral date of Topic 848 was effective beginning on December 21, 2022, and we intend to utilize the relief of this amendment. There was no impact to our consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting this amendment.

Note 2. Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities

Pursuit’s performance obligations are short-term in nature. They include the provision of a hotel room, an attraction admission, a chartered or ticketed bus or van ride, and/or the sale of food, beverage, or retail products. We recognize revenue when the service has been provided or the product has been delivered. When we extend credit, payment terms are generally within 30 days and contain no significant financing components.

GES’ performance obligations consist of services or product(s) outlined in a contract. While we often sign multi-year contracts for recurring events, the obligations for each occurrence are well defined and conclude upon the occurrence of each event. The obligations are typically the provision of services and/or sale of a product in connection with a live event. Revenue for goods and services provided

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

for which we do not have control of the goods or services before that good or service is transferred to a customer is recorded on a net basis to reflect only the fees received for arranging these services. We recognize revenue for services generally at the close of the live event. We recognize revenue for products either upon delivery to the customer’s location, upon delivery to an event that we are serving, or when we have the right to invoice. In circumstances where a customer cancels a contract, we generally have the right to bill the customer for costs incurred to date. Payment terms are generally within 30-60 days and contain no significant financing components.

Contract Liabilities

Pursuit and GES typically receive customer deposits prior to transferring the related product or service to the customer. We record these deposits as a contract liability, which are recognized as revenue upon satisfaction of the related contract performance obligation(s). GES also provides customer rebates and volume discounts to certain event organizers that we recognize as a reduction of revenue. We include customer deposits in “Contract liabilities” and “Other deferred items and liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Changes to contract liabilities are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	18,618
Cash additions		147,814
Revenue recognized		(126,573	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(197	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		39,662
Cash additions		158,567
Revenue recognized		(151,408	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(2,064	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	44,757

Contract Costs

GES capitalizes certain incremental costs incurred in obtaining and fulfilling contracts. Capitalized costs principally relate to direct costs of materials and services incurred in fulfilling services of future live events, and also include up-front incentives and commissions incurred upon contract signing. We expense costs associated with preliminary contract activities (i.e. proposal activities) as incurred. Capitalized contract costs are expensed upon the transfer of the related goods or services and are included in “Costs of services” or “Costs of products” as applicable. We include the deferred incremental costs of obtaining and fulfilling contracts in “Current contract costs” and “Other investments and assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Changes to contract costs are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	10,835
Additions		31,923
Expenses		(27,935	)
Cancelled		(976	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(57	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		13,790
Additions		62,038
Expenses		(58,561	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(699	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	16,568

As of December 31, 2022, capitalized contract costs consisted of $16.6 million to fulfill contracts. We did not recognize an impairment loss with respect to capitalized contract costs during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables disaggregate Pursuit and GES revenue by major service and product lines, timing of revenue recognition, and markets served:

Pursuit

During the first quarter of 2022, we reallocated certain ancillary revenue presented in Pursuit’s services revenue to better align with how we analyze revenue and depict the nature of revenue. All prior periods have been reclassified to conform to this new presentation.

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Services:
Ticket revenue	$	114,936	$	61,166	$	19,939
Rooms revenue		77,019		57,603		26,383
Transportation		12,460		5,591		2,694
Other		14,143		8,564		3,567
Total services revenue		218,558		132,924		52,583
Products:
Food and beverage		47,275		28,953		10,295
Retail operations		33,494		25,171		13,932
Total products revenue		80,769		54,124		24,227
Total revenue	$	299,327	$	187,048	$	76,810
Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred over time	$	218,558	$	132,924	$	52,583
Products transferred at a point in time		80,769		54,124		24,227
Total revenue	$	299,327	$	187,048	$	76,810
Markets:
Banff Jasper Collection	$	152,863	$	82,728	$	46,913
Alaska Collection		39,434		37,344		6,282
Glacier Park Collection		57,760		45,276		17,596
FlyOver		24,445		10,693		6,019
Sky Lagoon(1)		24,825		11,007		—
Total revenue	$	299,327	$	187,048	$	76,810

(1)We opened Pursuit’s Sky Lagoon attraction in Reykjavik, Iceland on April 30, 2021.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

GES

During the first quarter of 2022, we changed our segment reporting as a result of operational changes and how our CODM reviews the financial performance of GES and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. Accordingly, GES’ new reportable segments are Spiro and GES Exhibitions. As a result, we changed certain items in the following disaggregation of revenue table. All prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the new reporting structure.

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Service lines:
Spiro	$	277,641		$	116,587		$	102,027
GES Exhibitions		557,880			209,529			238,705
Intersegment eliminations		(7,537	)		(5,824	)		(2,107	)
Total revenue	$	827,984		$	320,292		$	338,625
Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred over time	$	693,482		$	268,218		$	298,945
Products transferred over time(1)		51,134			18,551			15,517
Products transferred at a point in time		83,368			33,523			24,163
Total revenue	$	827,984		$	320,292		$	338,625
Geographical markets:
North America	$	675,628		$	243,983		$	288,921
EMEA		176,086			82,242			53,384
Intersegment eliminations		(23,730	)		(5,933	)		(3,680	)
Total revenue	$	827,984		$	320,292		$	338,625

(1)GES’ graphics product revenue is earned over time over the duration of an event as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.

Note 3. Share-Based Compensation

We grant share-based compensation awards to our officers, directors, and certain key employees pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended, (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan has a 10-year term and provides for the following types of awards: (a) incentive and non-qualified stock options; (b) restricted stock awards and restricted stock units; (c) performance units or performance shares; (d) stock appreciation rights; (e) cash-based awards; and (f) certain other stock-based awards. In June 2017, we reserved 1,750,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2017 Plan. On May 24, 2022, we amended and restated the 2017 Plan, which among other things, increased the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan by 840,000 shares, thus bringing the total number of reserved shares to 2,590,000. As of December 31, 2022, there were 1,202,763 shares available for future grant under the 2017 Plan.

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Performance-based restricted stock units	$	541		$	549		$	(2,187	)
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units		6,703			5,451			4,523
Stock options		2,997			1,727			317
Share-based compensation expense before income tax		10,241			7,727			2,653
Income tax benefit(1)		(117	)		(82	)		—
Share-based compensation expense, net of income tax	$	10,124		$	7,645		$	2,653

(1)The 2022 and 2021 income tax benefit amount primarily reflects the tax benefit associated with our Canadian-based employees. There was no income tax benefit in 2020 associated with our employees in the United States and the United Kingdom due to a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets within these jurisdictions. Refer to Note 17 – Income Taxes.

We recorded no share-based compensation expense through restructuring charges in 2022, 2021 or 2020. No share-based compensation costs were capitalized during 2022, 2021, or 2020.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Performance-based Restricted Stock Units

Performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) are tied to our stock price and the expected achievement of certain performance-based criteria. The vesting of PRSUs is based upon the achievement of the performance-based criteria over a three to four-year period. We account for PRSUs that will be settled in shares of our common stock as equity-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of equity-based awards at fair value on the grant date on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The estimated number of units to be achieved is updated each reporting period.

We account for PRSUs that will be settled in cash as liability-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of liability-based awards at fair value at each reporting date until the date of settlement. Forfeitures are recorded when they occur.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we granted PRSUs with a grant date fair value of $2.4 million, all of which are payable in shares.

In 2022, PRSUs granted in 2019 vested and we paid $0.4 million in cash. No PRSUs were paid in shares in 2022. In 2021, PRSUs granted in 2018 vested; however, as performance metrics were not achieved, no awards were paid in cash or in shares. In 2020, PRSUs granted in 2017 vested and we paid $2.6 million in cash. No PRSUs were paid in shares in 2020.

As of December 31, 2022, the unamortized cost of outstanding equity-based PRSUs was $1.6 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.0 years. Liabilities related to liability-based PRSUs were zero as of December 31, 2022 and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2021.

The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding PRSU awards:

	Equity-Based PRSUs					Liability-Based PRSUs
	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2021		134,152		$	37.30		77,746		$	57.13
Granted		65,000		$	36.46		—		$	—
Vested		—		$	—		(36,758	)	$	58.31
Forfeited		(97,367	)	$	43.03		(913	)	$	56.23
Balance at December 31, 2022		101,785		$	31.28		40,075		$	56.06

Service-based Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units are service-based awards. We account for restricted stock awards and restricted stock units that will be settled in shares of our common stock as equity-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of equity-based awards at fair value on the grant date on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

We account for restricted stock units that will be settled in cash as liability-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of liability-based awards at fair value at each reporting date until the date of settlement. Forfeitures are recorded when they occur.

As of December 31, 2022, the unamortized cost of outstanding equity-based restricted stock awards and restricted stock units was $8.1 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.3 years. We withheld 43,887 shares for $1.4 million during 2022, 37,686 shares for $1.6 million during 2021, and 42,185 shares for $1.7 million during 2020 related to tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards.

Aggregate liabilities related to liability-based restricted stock units were $0.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2021. In 2022, 3,709 restricted stock units vested, and we paid $0.1 million in cash. In 2021, 3,174 restricted stock units vested, and we paid $0.1 million in cash. In 2020, 2,815 restricted stock units vested, and we paid $0.2 million in cash and $2.0 million in shares.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding restricted stock awards and restricted stock units:

	Equity-Based Restricted Stock Awards					Equity-Based Restricted Stock Units					Liability-Based Restricted Stock Units
	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2021		76,792		$	52.83		239,188		$	34.74		6,278		$	55.93
Granted		—		$	—		289,825		$	31.23		—		$	—
Vested		(52,127	)	$	52.21		(103,327	)	$	29.83		(3,709	)	$	56.66
Forfeited		(1,373	)	$	56.23		(13,667	)	$	36.89		(309	)	$	56.47
Balance at December 31, 2022		23,292		$	54.03		412,019		$	33.43		2,260		$	54.75

Stock Options

We grant non-qualified stock options that are performance-based, as well as non-qualified stock options that are service-based. The performance-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective performance period, and the underlying shares expected to be settled are adjusted each reporting period based on estimated future achievement of the respective performance metrics. The service-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period on a graded-vesting schedule ranging from one to three years.

The following table summarizes stock option activity:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021		312,008		$	31.01
Granted		233,970		$	33.96
Exercised		—		$	—
Forfeited		(120,000	)	$	19.30
Options outstanding at December 31, 2022		425,978		$	35.93	$	137,541
Options exercisable at December 31, 2022		100,103		$	32.39	$	137,541

(1)The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding represents the difference between our closing stock price at the end of the reporting period and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options.

The following table summarizes stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2022:

	Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable
Range of exercise prices	Shares		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Shares		Weighted-Average Exercise Price
$21.85		54,150		4.65	$	21.85		54,150	$	21.85
$33.96		233,970		6.15	$	33.96		—	$	—
$44.80		137,858		5.15	$	44.80		45,953	$	44.80
$21.85 - $44.80		425,978		5.64	$	35.93		100,103	$	32.39

The fair value of stock options granted in 2022 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes stock option pricing model.

Following is additional information on stock options granted during 2022 and the underlying assumptions used in assessing fair value:

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2022
Assumptions used to estimate fair value of stock options granted:
Risk-free interest rate		1.9	%
Expected term (in years)		4.5
Expected volatility		58.3	%
Expected dividend yield		—
Weighted average grant-date fair value per share of options granted	$	16.50

47

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards was $2.3 million and $1.4 million, respectively. We expect to recognize such costs over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.0 years.

Note 4. Acquisitions and Disposition

2022 Acquisition

Glacier Raft Company

On April 6, 2022, we acquired the Glacier Raft Company, which provides guided river rafting trips operating in Pursuit’s West Glacier, Montana operations. The Glacier Raft Company also owns 13 log cabins, a lodge, and a wedding venue located on 50 acres with views into Glacier National Park. The purchase price was $26.5 million in cash. This acquisition was funded via cash on hand of approximately $11.5 million and borrowings under our revolving credit facility of $15.0 million.

The following table summarizes the final allocation of the aggregate purchase price paid and amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon the estimated fair value at the date of acquisition.

(in thousands)
Purchase price paid as:
Cash	$	26,507
Working capital adjustment		(961	)
Purchase price adjustment		125
Cash acquired		(177	)
Purchase price, net of cash acquired		25,494
Fair value of net assets acquired:
Inventory		370
Prepaid expenses and other		57
Property and equipment		6,487
Intangible assets		3,400
Total assets acquired		10,314
Customer deposits		1,575
Other current liabilities		32
Total liabilities assumed		1,607
Total fair value of net assets acquired		8,707
Excess purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired (“goodwill”)	$	16,787

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price as shown in the table above is allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as “Goodwill.” Goodwill relating to the Glacier Raft Company acquisition is included in the Pursuit reportable segment. The primary factor that contributed to the purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill related to future growth opportunities when combined with our other businesses. Goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. We included these assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets from the date of acquisition.

Following are details of the purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired for the Glacier Raft Company:

(in thousands)	Amount		Weighted Average Life
Customer relationships	$	1,800	12 years
Operating licenses		1,300	17 years
Trade name		300	8 years
Total	$	3,400	14 years

Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were $0.2 million in 2022, which are included in “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The results of operations of Glacier Raft Company have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Pro forma information is not presented as revenue and the operating results of Glacier Raft Company, as if the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2022, is not material to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

2022 Disposition

ON Services

On December 15, 2022, we completed the sale of substantially all of the assets of GES’ United States audio-visual production business, ON Services – AV Specialists, Inc. (“ON Services”), for approximately $30.0 million, subject to customary working capital adjustments. We recognized a gain on sale of $19.6 million. ON Services had a net carrying value of $10.4 million, which included $4.9 million of net working capital and net non-current assets of $5.5 million. Working capital consisted primarily of accounts receivable of $8.2 million and other current assets of $0.7 million, offset in part by current liabilities of $4.0 million. Net non-current assets consisted primarily of property and equipment of $6.0 million, offset in part by other liabilities of $0.5 million. The staging business of ON Services was included in the Spiro reportable segment and the venue services business in the United States was included in the GES Exhibitions reportable segment. The ON Services sale did not represent a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on our operations and financial results, and therefore was not classified as a discontinued operation for any of the periods presented.

2021 Acquisition

Golden Skybridge

On March 18, 2021, we acquired a 60% controlling interest in the Golden Skybridge attraction for total cash consideration of $15 million Canadian dollars (approximately $12 million U.S. dollars), of which $6 million Canadian dollars (approximately $4.8 million U.S. dollars) were primarily used to fund additional experiences. The Golden Skybridge opened in June 2021.

The fair value of net assets acquired as of the acquisition date included $2.2 million U.S. dollars in property and equipment and $6.8 million U.S. dollars in noncontrolling interest. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price is allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired of $11.8 million U.S. dollars was recorded as “Goodwill.” Goodwill relating to the Golden Skybridge acquisition is included in the Pursuit reportable segment. The primary factor that contributed to the purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill related to future growth opportunities when combined with our other businesses. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. We included these assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets from the date of acquisition.

Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were $0.4 million U.S. dollars during 2021, which are included in “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 5. Inventories

The components of inventories consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Raw materials	$	1,403	$	2,350
Finished goods		9,382		6,231
Inventories	$	10,785	$	8,581

Note 6. Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Restricted cash	$	4,845	$	2,703
Prepaid software maintenance		4,650		4,154
Prepaid project deposit		3,615		—
Prepaid vendor payments		2,084		1,604
Income tax receivable		322		1,901
Prepaid taxes		142		456
Prepaid other		1,836		1,165
Other		1,483		2,097
Other current assets	$	18,977	$	14,080

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 7. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021
Land and land interests(1)	$	30,902		$	30,532
Buildings and leasehold improvements		409,852			407,930
Equipment and other		413,485			413,684
Gross property and equipment		854,239			852,146
Accumulated depreciation		(362,195	)		(364,060	)
Property and equipment, net (excluding finance leases)		492,044			488,086
Finance lease ROU assets, net		57,534			61,022
Property and equipment, net	$	549,578		$	549,108

(1)Land and land interests include certain leasehold interests in land within Pursuit for which we are considered to have perpetual use rights. The carrying amount of these leasehold interests was $7.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $8.4 million as of December 31, 2021. These land interests are not subject to amortization.

Depreciation expense was $43.0 million during 2022, $43.7 million during 2021, and $46.5 million during 2020.

Property and equipment purchased through accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased $0.8 million during 2022, increased $2.3 million during 2021, and decreased $6.9 million during 2020. During 2022, we capitalized interest of $3.0 million, which was primarily related to the development of Pursuit’s FlyOver attractions.

We recorded fixed asset impairment charges of $1.6 million during 2020 primarily related to capitalized software.

Note 8. Other Investments and Assets

Other investments and assets consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Self-insured liability receivable	$	8,211	$	6,847
Other mutual funds		3,490		4,057
Contract costs		2,237		2,685
Other		3,519		3,129
Other investments and assets	$	17,457	$	16,718

Note 9. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	99,847
Business acquisition		11,776
Foreign currency translation adjustments		455
Balance at December 31, 2021		112,078
Business acquisition		16,787
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(7,436	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	121,429

50

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table summarizes the remaining goodwill by reporting unit:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Pursuit:
Banff Jasper Collection	$	62,383	$	66,898
Alaska Collection		3,184		3,184
Glacier Park Collection		16,787		—
FlyOver		39,075		41,996
Total Goodwill	$	121,429	$	112,078

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) to estimate the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing.

During 2020, we recorded non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $185.8 million, which was primarily related to the write-off of all of GES’ goodwill due to the deteriorating macroeconomic environment related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our remaining goodwill balance as of December 31, 2022 of $121.4 million pertains to our Pursuit business.

During 2022, we considered changes in macroeconomic facts and circumstances, particularly high inflation and the resulting rise in interest rates, which resulted in reduced fair values to our reporting units. As a result of our most recent impairment analysis performed as of October 31, 2022, the excess of the estimated fair value over the carrying value for our reporting units with reported goodwill (expressed as a percentage of the carrying amounts) under step one of the impairment test for the Banff Jasper Collection and the Alaska Collection was significant, and Glacier Park Collection was 17% and FlyOver was 19%. Accordingly, no impairment charges were recorded during 2022.

We will continue to closely monitor actual results versus expectations as well as whether and to what extent any significant changes in current events or conditions result in corresponding changes to our expectations about future estimated cash flows and discount rates. If our adjusted expectations of the operating results of our reporting units do not materialize, or the discount rate increases (based on increases in interest rates, market rates of return or market volatility), it is possible that we may be required to record goodwill impairment charges in the future, which may be material.

Our accumulated goodwill impairment was $415.5 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Other intangible assets consisted of the following:

		December 31, 2022							December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Useful Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer contracts and relationships	7.4	$	37,194	$	(30,109	)	$	7,085	$	36,848	$	(28,372	)	$	8,476
Operating contracts and licenses	34.1		38,993		(3,504	)		35,489		40,927		(2,660	)		38,267
In-place lease	33.8		14,420		(1,404	)		13,016		15,464		(1,084	)		14,380
Tradenames	4.0		5,546		(3,324	)		2,222		5,626		(2,819	)		2,807
Other	5.2		770		(163	)		607		824		(139	)		685
Total amortized intangible assets			96,923		(38,504	)		58,419		99,689		(35,074	)		64,615
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Business licenses			566		—			566		574		—			574
Other intangible assets		$	97,489	$	(38,504	)	$	58,985	$	100,263	$	(35,074	)	$	65,189

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Intangible asset amortization expense (excluding amortization expense of ROU assets) was $5.2 million during 2022, $5.8 million during 2021, and $6.4 million during 2020. We recorded a non-cash impairment charge to intangible assets of $15.7 million during 2020 related our United States audio-visual production business.

At December 31, 2022, the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:

(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
2023	$	4,565
2024		3,619
2025		2,321
2026		2,288
2027		1,891
Thereafter		43,735
Total	$	58,419

Note 10. Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Continuing operations:
Foreign income taxes payable	$	8,354	$	965
Commissions payable		5,059		4,119
Accrued employee benefit costs		4,920		4,164
Self-insured liability		4,909		4,815
Accrued concession fees		4,297		964
Accrued sales and use taxes		4,082		3,428
Accommodation services deposits		2,208		892
Current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities		1,426		1,637
Accrued professional fees		898		1,671
Other		4,958		5,168
Total continuing operations		41,111		27,823
Discontinued operations:
Self-insured liability		458		312
Environmental remediation liabilities		46		60
Other		38		94
Total discontinued operations		542		466
Total other current liabilities	$	41,653	$	28,289

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 11. Other Deferred Items and Liabilities

Other deferred items and liabilities consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Continuing operations:
Foreign deferred tax liability	$	27,564	$	27,748
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal liability		13,815		14,260
Self-insured excess liability		8,211		6,847
Self-insured liability		5,028		5,119
Accrued compensation		4,977		5,696
Accrued restructuring		3,245		2,571
Other		3,071		2,758
Total continuing operations		65,911		64,999
Discontinued operations:
Environmental remediation liabilities		2,177		2,168
Self-insured liability		1,631		1,535
Other		305		251
Total discontinued operations		4,113		3,954
Total other deferred items and liabilities	$	70,024	$	68,953

Note 12. Debt and Finance Obligations

The components of debt and finance obligations consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands, except interest rates)	2022			2021
2021 Credit Facility - Term Loan B, 9.4% interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 5.5% at December 31, 2021, due through 2028(1)	$	395,000		$	399,000
Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility, 8.8% interest rate at December 31, 2022, due through 2027(1)		11,491			—
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility, 6.9% interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 4.9% at December 31, 2021, due through 2027(1)		4,965			5,566
FlyOver Iceland Term Loans, 10.1% weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 3.8% at December 31, 2021, due through 2024(1)		594			689
Less unamortized debt issuance costs		(11,848	)		(14,804	)
Total debt		400,202			390,451
Finance lease obligations, 9.1% weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, due through 2067		64,729			63,401
Financing arrangements		5,013			5,528
Total debt and finance obligations(2)(3)		469,944			459,380
Current portion		(13,192	)		(12,800	)
Long-term debt and finance obligations	$	456,752		$	446,580

(1)Represents the weighted-average interest rate in effect as of the end of the respective periods, including any applicable margin. The interest rates do not include amortization of debt issuance costs or commitment fees.

(2)The weighted-average interest rate on total debt (including unamortized debt issuance costs and commitment fees) was 9.3% for 2022, 6.4% for 2021 and 4.6% for 2020. The estimated fair value of total debt and finance leases was $301.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $328.9 million as of December 31, 2021. The fair value of debt was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently available for debt of similar terms and maturity, which is a Level 2 measurement. Refer to Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements.

(3)Cash paid for interest on debt was $34.3 million during 2022, $25.9 million during 2021, and $14.0 million during 2020.

2021 Credit Facility

Effective July 30, 2021, we entered into a $500 million credit facility (the “2021 Credit Facility”). The 2021 Credit Facility provides for a $400 million term loan (“Term Loan B”) and a $100 million revolving credit facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”). The proceeds of

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

the Term Loan B, net of $14.8 million in related fees, were used to repay the $327 million outstanding balance under our then $450 million revolving credit facility and to provide for financial flexibility to fund future acquisitions and growth initiatives and for general corporate purposes.

The 2021 Credit Facility provides us with the option to have interest calculated based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for one, three, or six-month tenors, plus credit spreads as detailed below under “Term Loan B” and “Revolving Credit Facility”.

LIBOR Transition Amendment

On February 6, 2023, we entered into the LIBOR Transition Amendment to the 2021 Credit Facility to replace LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). In accordance with the LIBOR replacement provisions outlined in the 2021 Credit Facility, additional credit spread adjustments apply to SOFR ranging from 0.11448% (for a one-month duration) up to 0.71513% (for a 12-month duration). Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events.

Interest Rate Cap Agreement

On January 4, 2023, we entered into an interest rate cap agreement with an effective date of January 31, 2023. The interest rate cap manages our exposure to interest rate increases on $300 million in borrowings under our 2021 Credit Facility and provides us with the right to receive payment if the one-month SOFR exceeds 5.00%. Beginning on February 28, 2023, we will pay a fixed monthly deferred premium based on an annual rate of 0.3335% for the interest rate cap, which matures on January 31, 2025. Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events.

Term Loan B

The Term Loan B has a maturity date of July 30, 2028 and is subject to quarterly amortization of principal of $1 million. Interest rates are based on LIBOR plus a 5.00% credit spread, with a LIBOR floor of 0.50%. See discussion above under “LIBOR Transition.” The Term Loan B carries no financial covenants.

Revolving Credit Facility

The Revolving Credit Facility has a maturity date of July 30, 2026. As of December 31, 2022, capacity remaining under the revolving credit facility was $86.7 million, reflecting $100.0 million total facility size, less $13.3 million in outstanding letters of credit.

In addition to borrowing based on one, three, or six month LIBOR tenors, we also have the option to borrow based on the “Base Rate”, which for any day is a fluctuating rate equal to the highest of the Fed Funds Rate plus 0.50%, Bank of America’s publicly announced “prime rate”, and LIBOR plus 1.00%. Credit spreads for LIBOR and Base Rate borrowings are based on Viad’s total net leverage ratio and range from 2.50% to 3.50% for LIBOR borrowings and from 1.50% to 3.50% for Base Rate borrowings. See discussion above under “LIBOR Transition.” Additionally, a 1.00% floor applies to the Bate Rate.

The Revolving Credit Facility includes an undrawn fee ranging from 0.30% to 0.50% that is based on Viad’s total net leverage ratio.

The Revolving Credit Facility carries financial covenants. On March 23, 2022, we entered into the First Amendment to the 2021 Credit Facility, which modified the financial covenants as follows:

•Maintain a total net leverage ratio of not greater than 4.75 to 1.00 at December 31, 2022 with a step-down to 4.50 to 1.00 at March 31, 2023, and 4.00 to 1.00 at June 30, 2023 and thereafter; and

•Maintain an interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.50 to 1.00 at December 31, 2022 and thereafter.

As of December 31, 2022, Viad’s total net leverage ratio was 3.15 to 1.00, the interest coverage ratio was 3.67 to 1.00, and we were in compliance with all covenants under the revolving credit facility.

In addition to U.S. Dollar borrowings, we may borrow funds on the Revolving Credit Facility in Canadian Dollars based on the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate, Pound Sterling based on the Sterling Overnight Index Average, and Euros based on the Euro Interbank Offered Rate, plus applicable credit spreads. No such borrowings had been made as of December 31, 2022.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility

Effective May 17, 2022, Pursuit, through a 60% owned subsidiary, entered into a construction loan facility for borrowings up to $17.0 million Canadian dollars (approximately $13.3 million U.S. dollars) for the development and construction of the Forest Park Hotel in Jasper National Park. Construction of the hotel was completed in August 2022. As of December 31, 2022, funds of $1.4 million Canadian dollars (approximately $1.1 million U.S. dollars) were available for borrowing under the facility.

The construction loan facility required interest only payments at Canada Prime plus 2.35% through November 2023, at which time it was to be converted to a term loan with a maturity date of May 17, 2027.

During January 2023, we completed our final borrowing under the construction loan facility and the facility was converted, by way of an amendment to the loan agreement, to a term loan with a fixed interest rate of 6.5% effective January 31, 2023. The term loan matures on February 1, 2028 and requires interest only payments through July 31, 2024. Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events.

FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility

Effective February 15, 2019, FlyOver Iceland ehf., (“FlyOver Iceland”) a wholly-owned subsidiary of Esja, entered into a credit agreement with a €5.0 million (approximately $5.6 million U.S. dollars) credit facility (the “FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility”) with an original maturity date of March 1, 2022. The loan proceeds were used to complete the development of the FlyOver Iceland attraction. The loan bears interest at the three month Euro Interbank Offered Rate plus 4.9%.

We entered into an addendum effective December 1, 2021 wherein the principal payments were deferred for twelve months beginning December 1, 2021, with the first payment due December 1, 2022. The addendum extended the maturity date to March 1, 2025, which was further extended to September 1, 2027 by way of an option as permitted in the addendum, and provided for a semi-annual waiver of certain covenants through June 30, 2022 with the first testing date as of December 31, 2022. Conditions to the addendum included securing additional capital of ISK 75.0 million (approximately $0.6 million) in January 2022, which was completed, in order to strengthen FlyOver Iceland’s liquidity position. There were no other changes to the terms of the FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility. Effective November 2, 2022, FlyOver Iceland received a waiver for the 2022 through 2023 financial covenants.

FlyOver Iceland Term Loans

During 2020, FlyOver Iceland entered into three term loans totaling ISK 90.0 million (approximately $0.7 million U.S. dollars) (the “FlyOver Iceland Term Loans”). The first term loan for ISK 10.0 million was entered into effective October 15, 2020 with a maturity date of April 1, 2023 and bears interest on a seven-day term deposit at the Central Bank of Iceland. The second term loan for ISK 30.0 million was entered into effective October 15, 2020 with a maturity date of October 1, 2024 and bears interest on a seven-day term deposit at the Central Bank of Iceland plus 3.07%. The third term loan for ISK 50.0 million was entered into effective December 29, 2020 with a maturity date of February 1, 2023 and bears interest at one-month Reykjavik InterBank Offered Rate (“REIBOR”) plus 4.99%. The Icelandic State Treasury guarantees supplemental loans provided by credit institutions to companies impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the Icelandic State Treasury guaranteed the repayment of up to 85% of the principal and interest on the ISK 10.0 million and ISK 30.0 million term loans and 70% of the principal amount on the ISK 50.0 million term loan. Loan proceeds were used to fund FlyOver Iceland operations.

Financing arrangements

We have insurance premium financing arrangements in order to finance certain of our insurance premium payments. The financing arrangements are payable within the next 12 months and bear a weighted average interest rate of 4.9%.

Future maturities

Aggregate annual maturities of debt (excluding finance obligations) as of December 31, 2022 are as follows:

(in thousands)	Credit Facilities
Year ending December 31,
2023	$	5,201
2024		5,931
2025		5,480
2026		5,480
2027		14,958
Thereafter		375,000
Total	$	412,050

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The aggregate annual maturities and the related amounts representing interest on finance lease obligations are included in Note 20 – Leases and Other.

Note 13. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of an asset or liability is defined as the price that would be received by selling an asset or paying to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value guidance requires an entity to maximize the use of quoted prices and other observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value, and also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value.

Money market mutual funds and certain other mutual fund investments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 1 inputs. The fair value information related to these assets is summarized in the following tables:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Other mutual funds(1)	$	3,490	$	3,490	$	—	$	—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$	3,490	$	3,490	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	11,003	$	11,003	$	—	$	—
Other mutual funds(1)		4,057		4,057		—		—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$	15,060	$	15,060	$	—	$	—

(1)We include other mutual funds in “Other investments and assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 14. Income (Loss) Per Share

The components of basic and diluted income (loss) per share are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2022			2021			2020
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad	$	23,220		$	(92,655	)	$	(374,094	)
Less: Allocation to participating securities		(3,600	)		—			—
Convertible preferred stock dividends paid in cash		(7,801	)		(3,900	)		—
Convertible preferred stock dividends paid in kind		—			(3,821	)		(3,006	)
Adjustment to the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest		(763	)		(1,797	)		(926	)
Net income (loss) allocated to Viad common stockholders (basic)	$	11,056		$	(102,173	)	$	(378,026	)
Add: Allocation to participating securities		30			—			—
Net income (loss) allocated to Viad common stockholders (diluted)	$	11,086		$	(102,173	)	$	(378,026	)
Basic weighted-average outstanding common shares		20,589			20,411			20,279
Additional dilutive shares related to share-based compensation		223			—			—
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares		20,812			20,411			20,279
Income (loss) per share:
Basic income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	0.54		$	(5.01	)	$	(18.64	)
Diluted income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders(1)	$	0.53		$	(5.01	)	$	(18.64	)

(1)Diluted loss per share amount cannot exceed basic loss per share.

We excluded the following weighted-average potential common shares from the calculations of diluted net income (loss) per common share during the applicable periods because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Convertible preferred stock		—		6,674		6,406
Unvested restricted share-based awards		23		176		115
Unvested performance share-based awards		8		32		—
Stock options		255		194		24

Note 15. Common and Preferred Stock

Preferred Stock

We authorized two million shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock, none of which was outstanding on December 31, 2022 and five million shares of Preferred Stock of which 141,827 shares are outstanding.

Convertible Series A Preferred Stock

On August 5, 2020, we entered into an investment agreement with funds managed by private equity firm Crestview Partners (the “Investment Agreement”), relating to the issuance of 135,000 shares of newly issued Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”), for an aggregate purchase price of $135 million or $1,000 per share. The $135 million issuance was offset in part by $9.2 million of expenses related to the capital raise. We have classified the Convertible Preferred Stock as mezzanine equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheet due to the existence of certain change in control provisions that are not solely within our control.

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The Convertible Series A Preferred Stock carries a 5.5% cumulative quarterly dividend, which is payable in cash or in-kind at Viad’s option and is convertible at the option of the holders into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $21.25 per share. Dividends paid-in-kind increase the redemption value of the preferred stock. The redemption value of the preferred stock was $141.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Upon the occurrence of a change in control event, the holders have a right to require Viad to repurchase such preferred stock. During the year ended December 31, 2022, $7.8 million of dividends were declared, all of which were paid in cash. We intend to pay preferred stock dividends in cash for the foreseeable future.

Holders of the Convertible Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to vote with holders of Viad’s common stock on an as-converted basis.

Common Stock Repurchases

Our Board of Directors previously authorized us to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares. In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended our share repurchase program. Prior to the suspension, we had repurchased 53,784 shares on the open market for $2.8 million in 2020. As of December 31, 2022, 546,283 shares remain available for repurchase under all prior authorizations. Additionally, we repurchase shares related to tax withholding requirements on vested restricted stock awards. Refer to Note 3 – Share-Based Compensation.

Note 16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in AOCI by component are as follows:

(in thousands)	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrecognized Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Credit, Net			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	(16,686	)	$	(13,955	)	$	(30,641	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		524			30			554
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax		—			2,658			2,658
Net other comprehensive income (loss)		524			2,688			3,212
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	(16,162	)	$	(11,267	)	$	(27,429	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(26,821	)		117			(26,704	)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax		—			6,948			6,948
Net other comprehensive income (loss)		(26,821	)		7,065			(19,756	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(42,983	)	$	(4,202	)	$	(47,185	)

Amounts reclassified from AOCI that relate to our defined benefit pension and postretirement plans include the amortization of prior service costs and actuarial net losses recognized during each period presented. We recorded these costs as components of net periodic cost for each period presented. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits for additional information.

Note 17. Income Taxes

We record current income tax expense for the amounts that we expect to report and pay on our income tax returns and deferred income tax expense for the change in the deferred tax assets and liabilities. On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) that significantly changed United States tax law. One part of this Tax Act required us to pay a deemed repatriation tax of $5.2 million on our cumulative foreign earnings and profit. After application of tax payments and credits, $1.0 million of the liability remains outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and is due in 2024.

Income from continuing operations before income taxes consisted of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Foreign	$	40,178		$	(17,750	)	$	(95,919	)
United States		(5,558	)		(77,331	)		(264,940	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$	34,620		$	(95,081	)	$	(360,859	)

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VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Significant components of the income tax provision from continuing operations are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021			2020
Current:
United States:
Federal	$	78	$	49		$	(128	)
State		302		(581	)		674
Foreign		7,773		(7,268	)		(1,397	)
Total current		8,153		(7,800	)		(851	)
Deferred:
United States:
Federal		45		—			17,171
State		—		—			2,896
Foreign		1,775		6,012			(4,970	)
Total deferred		1,820		6,012			15,097
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	9,973	$	(1,788	)	$	14,246

We are subject to income tax in the jurisdictions in which we operate. A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022					2021					2020
Computed income tax expense (benefit) at statutory federal income tax rate	$	7,270		21.0	%	$	(19,967	)	21.0	%	$	(75,780	)	21.0	%
State income tax expense (benefit), net of federal benefit		1,264		3.6	%		(7,959	)	8.4	%		(4,138	)	1.1	%
Remeasurement of deferred taxes due to change in tax rates		(499	)	(1.4	)%		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%
Foreign tax rate differential		733		2.1	%		(672	)	0.7	%		(401	)	0.1	%
U.S. tax expense on current year foreign earnings, net of foreign tax credits		401		1.2	%		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%
Goodwill impairment		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%		16,471		(4.6	)%
Change in valuation allowance		(702	)	(2.0	)%		21,859		(23.0	)%		77,369		(21.3	)%
Restructuring		—		0.0	%		4,676		(4.9	)%		(3,002	)	0.8	%
Other adjustments, net		1,506		4.3	%		275		(0.3	)%		3,727		(1.0	)%
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	9,973		28.8	%	$	(1,788	)	1.9	%	$	14,246		(3.9	)%

59

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021
Deferred tax assets:
Tax credit carryforwards	$	7,461		$	6,491
Pension, compensation, and other employee benefits		16,287			14,755
Accrued liabilities and reserves		4,000			3,979
Net operating loss carryforwards		52,422			53,546
Leases		2,897			2,557
Goodwill and other intangible assets		5,100			17,781
Deferral of United States interest deductions		13,048			6,770
Other deferred income tax assets		9,601			11,194
Total deferred tax assets		110,816			117,073
Valuation allowance		(101,639	)		(103,510	)
Foreign deferred tax assets included above		(2,166	)		(5,037	)
United States net deferred tax assets		7,011			8,526
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment		(21,090	)		(24,100	)
Goodwill and other intangible assets		(10,857	)		(11,651	)
Leases		(295	)		(339	)
Other deferred income tax liabilities		(4,023	)		(4,254	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(36,265	)		(40,344	)
Foreign deferred tax liabilities included above		(29,170	)		(31,778	)
United States net deferred tax liabilities included above		(7,095	)		(8,566	)
United States net deferred tax liabilities	$	(84	)	$	(40	)

In 2022, due to the improved operations in GES Middle East and Europe, we are reporting a global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) inclusion in the United States for the first time since 2020 resulting in a $0.4 million increase in tax. Due to improved worldwide earnings in 2022, our $0.7 million reduction of the valuation allowance was the result of realizing net operating losses and other deferred tax assets in excess of the amount of net operating losses and other deferred tax assets added.

Our state income tax benefit in 2021 includes $4.0 million related to the true up of our state net operating losses on an entity-by-entity approach. In 2020 and at the beginning of 2021, we filed certain tax elections to restructure how our foreign UK operations are taxed in the United States to maximize future tax benefits and minimize future compliance complexity. These elections resulted in a $3.0 million benefit in 2020 and a $4.7 million expense in 2021. Both of these amounts were offset by a change in the valuation allowance.

We use significant judgment in forming conclusions regarding the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and evaluate all available positive and negative evidence to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. To the extent recovery does not appear likely, a valuation allowance must be recorded. In determining the recoverability of our deferred assets, we considered our cumulative loss incurred over the four-year period ended December 31, 2022 in each tax jurisdiction. Given the weight of objectively verifiable historical losses from our operations, we recorded a valuation allowance on all deferred tax assets in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, and our FlyOver operations in Iceland and Toronto. We had gross deferred tax assets of $110.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $117.1 million as of December 31, 2021.

The valuation allowance was $101.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and $103.5 million at December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to utilization of net operating losses and deferred tax assets to offset current year income including the book gain on the disposition of the ON Service assets, which were offset by an increase to deferred assets for additional foreign tax credits and net operating losses in certain foreign jurisdictions.

As of December 31, 2022, we had foreign tax credit carryforwards of $6.8 million, including $3.8 million against United States income tax, of which $1.9 million will begin to expire in 2023 with the remaining $1.9 million beginning to expire in 2027. Foreign tax credits creditable against United Kingdom taxes was $3.0 million, which can be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2022, we had $0.7 million of United States research and development credit carryforwards will begin to expire in 2038. We recorded a valuation allowance on all tax credit carryforwards.

We had gross federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $373.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and $366.8 million as of December 31, 2021. The net operating loss carryforwards for 2022 that relate to the United States federal, United Kingdom,

60

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Germany, and Poland may be carried forward indefinitely. Certain state net operating loss carryforwards of $164.6 million expire from 2023 through 2041, although many states now have unlimited carryforwards. We recorded a valuation allowance on all net operating losses, except losses generated in Canada (excluding FlyOver Canada Toronto), the Netherlands, and Sky Lagoon in Iceland. During 2022, we carried back $9.7 million of the $13.8 million 2021 Canadian net operating losses to receive a $3.5 million refund of prior year taxes and realized a $0.3 million tax benefit. The remaining $4.1 million of Canadian net operating losses may be carried forward to offset taxable income in the next 20 years, of which we recorded a valuation allowance of $1.6 million for FlyOver Canada Toronto. The gross net operating losses of Iceland of $15.9 million will expire between five and ten years. Net operating losses related to our prior operations in Switzerland and Hong Kong was $6.9 million. It is more likely than not these net operating losses will not be realized as we have closed our operations in these jurisdictions. Therefore, a full valuation allowance is recorded. However, realization of these net operating losses is possible until the legal liquidation is complete.

We have not recorded deferred taxes for withholding taxes on current unremitted earnings of our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and certain subsidiaries in Canada as there are no withholding taxes applied on the distributions of those current earnings in operations outside of the United States.

We exercise judgment in determining the income tax provision for positions taken on prior returns when the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We classify liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions as “Other deferred items and liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets unless expected to be paid or released within one year. We had liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions of $0.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and $0.5 million as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, these amounts do not include any accrual of interest nor penalties as none would be owed on these amounts. We elected that all uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, are classified as a component of income tax expense.

A reconciliation of the liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions (excluding interest and penalties) is as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	225
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years		25
Balance at December 31, 2020		250
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years		285
Balance at December 31, 2021		535
Reductions for lapse of applicable statutes		(23	)
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years		378
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	890

Our 2019 through 2021 United States federal tax years and various state tax years from 2018 through 2021 remain subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities. The tax years 2018 through 2021 remain subject to examination by various foreign taxing jurisdictions.

We received net cash refunds from income taxes of $0.8 million during 2022, $7.1 million during 2021, and $14.9 million during 2020. Most of the $3.8 million gross cash refunds in 2022 were from the result of the carryback of net operating losses in Canada and in certain United States’ states. These cash refunds were generally offset by $2.4 million of cash payments made in other operations in Canada, $0.3 million of minimum state income taxes and $0.3 million net payments of other foreign income and withholding taxes.

61

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 18. Pension and Postretirement Benefits

Domestic Plans

We have frozen defined benefit pension plans held in trust for certain employees which we funded. We also maintain certain unfunded defined benefit pension plans, which provide supplemental benefits to select management employees. These plans use traditional defined benefit formulas based on years of service and final average compensation. Funding policies provide that payments to defined benefit pension trusts shall be at least equal to the minimum funding required by applicable regulations.

We also have certain defined benefit postretirement plans that provide medical and life insurance for certain eligible employees, retirees, and dependents. The related postretirement benefit liabilities are recognized over the period that services are provided by employees. In addition, we retained the obligations for these benefits for retirees of certain sold businesses. While the plans have no funding requirements, we may fund the plans.

The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts of our pension plans recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) consist of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	—
Interest cost		478			419			653
Expected return on plan assets		93			(47	)		(145	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		444			623			526
Net periodic benefit cost		1,015			995			1,034
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other    comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss		(3,409	)		(883	)		1,587
Prior service credit		(518	)		—			—
Reversal of amortization item:
Net actuarial loss		(444	)		(623	)		(526	)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income		(4,371	)		(1,506	)		1,061
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other    comprehensive income (loss)	$	(3,356	)	$	(511	)	$	2,095

62

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts of our postretirement benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) consist of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	34		$	70		$	51
Interest cost		179			181			296
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)		89			(6	)		(146	)
Recognized net actuarial (gain) loss		(152	)		115			18
Net periodic benefit cost		150			360			219
Settlement income		—			(65	)		—
Total expenses, net		150			295			219
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other    comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss		(2,540	)		(642	)		688
Prior service credit		509			—			—
Reversal of amortization items:
Net actuarial gain (loss)		152			(115	)		(18	)
Prior service (cost) credit		(89	)		6			146
Settlement income		—			65			—
Total recognized in other comprehensive income		(1,968	)		(686	)		816
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other    comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,818	)	$	(391	)	$	1,035

The following table indicates the funded status of the plans as of December 31:

													Postretirement
	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans						Benefit Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	15,191		$	16,331		$	9,170		$	9,776		$	10,134		$	12,219
Service cost		—			—			—			—			34			70
Interest cost		321			266			157			153			179			180
Plan amendments		(518	)		—			—			—			509			—
Actuarial adjustments		(2,621	)		(385	)		(2,815	)		(109	)		(2,540	)		(641	)
Benefits paid		(919	)		(1,021	)		(546	)		(650	)		(593	)		(1,694	)
Benefit obligation at end of year		11,454			15,191			5,966			9,170			7,723			10,134
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		11,647			11,878			—			—			—			—
Actual return on plan assets		(2,120	)		436			—			—			—			—
Company contributions		502			354			546			650			593			1,694
Benefits paid		(919	)		(1,021	)		(546	)		(650	)		(593	)		(1,694	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		9,110			11,647			—			—			—			—
Funded status at end of year	$	(2,344	)	$	(3,544	)	$	(5,966	)	$	(9,170	)	$	(7,723	)	$	(10,134	)

The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Pension and postretirement benefits” and “Other Current Liabilities” as of December 31 are as follows:

										Postretirement
	Funded Plans					Unfunded Plans				Benefit Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Non-current assets	$	(205	)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other current liabilities		—			—		570		701		687		755
Non-current liabilities		2,549			3,544		5,396		8,469		7,036		9,379
Net amount recognized	$	2,344		$	3,544	$	5,966	$	9,170	$	7,723	$	10,134

63

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Amounts recognized in AOCI as of December 31 are as follows:

										Postretirement
	Funded Plans					Unfunded Plans				Benefit Plans					Total		Total
(in thousands)	2022			2021		2022		2021		2022			2021		2022		2021
Net actuarial loss (gain)	$	6,926		$	8,025	$	261	$	3,129	$	(1,088	)	$	1,299	$	6,099	$	12,453
Prior service (credit) cost		(518	)		—		—		—		613			195		95		195
Subtotal		6,408			8,025		261		3,129		(475	)		1,494		6,194		12,648
Less tax effect		—			—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Total	$	6,408		$	8,025	$	261	$	3,129	$	(475	)	$	1,494	$	6,194	$	12,648

The fair value of the domestic plans’ assets by asset class are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Domestic pension plans:
Fixed income securities	$	5,452	$	5,452	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		3,473		3,473		—		—
Cash		185		185		—		—
Other		—		—		—		—
Total	$	9,110	$	9,110	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Domestic pension plans:
Fixed income securities	$	5,935	$	5,935	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		5,297		5,297		—		—
Cash		230		230		—		—
Other		185		—		185		—
Total	$	11,647	$	11,462	$	185	$	—

We employ a total return investment approach whereby a mix of equities and fixed income securities is used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for a prudent level of risk. Risk tolerance is established through careful consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status, and corporate financial condition. The investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed income securities. Furthermore, equity securities are diversified across United States and non-United States stocks, as well as growth and value. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through quarterly investment portfolio reviews and annual liability measurements.

We utilize a building-block approach in determining the long-term expected rate of return on plan assets. Historical markets are studied and long-term historical relationships between equity securities and fixed income securities are preserved consistent with the widely accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatility generate a greater return over the long run. Current market factors such as inflation and interest rates are evaluated before long-term capital market assumptions are determined. The long-term portfolio return also considers diversification and rebalancing. Peer data and historical returns are reviewed relative to our assumed rates for reasonableness and appropriateness.

64

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following pension and postretirement benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

(in thousands)	Funded Plans		Unfunded Plans		Postretirement Benefit Plans
2023	$	992	$	585	$	705
2024	$	968	$	571	$	719
2025	$	1,022	$	554	$	710
2026	$	1,009	$	538	$	696
2027	$	938	$	519	$	672
2028-2032	$	4,352	$	2,287	$	2,857

Foreign Pension Plans

Certain of our foreign operations also maintain defined benefit pension plans held in trust for certain employees which are funded by the companies, and unfunded defined benefit pension plans providing supplemental benefits to select management employees. These plans use traditional defined benefit formulas based on years of service and final average compensation. Funding policies provide that payments to defined benefit pension trusts shall be at least equal to the minimum funding required by applicable regulations. The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) included the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	280		$	457		$	444
Interest cost		361			339			365
Expected return on plan assets		(393	)		(508	)		(530	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		105			171			162
Settlement		593			—			—
Net periodic benefit cost		946			459			441
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other    comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (income) loss		(724	)		(375	)		368
Reversal of amortization of net actuarial loss		(105	)		(171	)		(162	)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income		(829	)		(546	)		206
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other    comprehensive income (loss)	$	117		$	(87	)	$	647

65

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table represents the funded status of the plans as of December 31:

	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	10,790		$	10,916		$	2,470		$	2,449
Service cost		280			457			—			—
Interest cost		283			270			78			69
Actuarial adjustments		(1,682	)		(475	)		(268	)		208
Benefits paid		(392	)		(462	)		(176	)		(185	)
Settlements		(2,616	)		—			—			—
Translation adjustment		(578	)		84			(147	)		(71	)
Benefit obligation at end of year		6,085			10,790			1,957			2,470
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		11,171			10,798			—			—
Actual return on plan assets		(1,597	)		623			—			—
Company contributions		222			133			176			185
Benefits paid		(392	)		(462	)		(176	)		(185	)
Settlements		(2,616	)		—			—			—
Translation adjustment		(588	)		79			—			—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		6,200			11,171			—			—
Funded status at end of year	$	115		$	381		$	(1,957	)	$	(2,470	)

The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Pension and postretirement benefits” and “Other Current Liabilities” as of December 31 were as follows:

	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2022		2021
Non-current assets	$	(115	)	$	(384	)	$	—	$	—
Other current liabilities		—			—			169		181
Non-current liabilities		—			—			1,788		2,300
Net amount recognized	$	(115	)	$	(384	)	$	1,957	$	2,481

Net actuarial losses for the foreign funded plans recognized in AOCI were $1.5 million ($1.2 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2022 and $2.0 million ($1.4 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2021. Net actuarial losses for the foreign unfunded plans recognized in AOCI were $0.6 million ($0.5 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2022 and $1.0 million ($0.8 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2021.

The fair value information related to the foreign pension plans’ assets is summarized in the following tables:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobserved Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Fixed income securities	$	3,965	$	3,965	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		2,036		2,036		—		—
Cash		199		199		—		—
Total	$	6,200	$	6,200	$	—	$	—

66

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobserved Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Fixed income securities	$	6,534	$	6,534	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		4,439		4,439		—		—
Other		198		198		—		—
Total	$	11,171	$	11,171	$	—	$	—

The following payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

(in thousands)	Funded Plans		Unfunded Plans
2023	$	368	$	172
2024	$	380	$	171
2025	$	378	$	171
2026	$	375	$	170
2027	$	374	$	169
2028-2032	$	1,968	$	828

Information for Pension Plans with an Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets

The accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31 were as follows:

	Domestic Plans
	Funded Plans				Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Projected benefit obligation	$	11,454	$	15,191	$	5,966	$	9,170
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	11,454	$	15,191	$	5,966	$	9,170
Fair value of plan assets	$	9,110	$	11,647	$	—	$	—

	Foreign Plans
	Funded Plans				Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Projected benefit obligation	$	6,085	$	10,790	$	1,957	$	2,470
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	5,727	$	10,150	$	1,957	$	2,470
Fair value of plan assets	$	6,200	$	11,171	$	—	$	—

Contributions

In aggregate for both the domestic and foreign plans, we anticipate contributing $0.6 million to the funded pension plans, $0.8 million to the unfunded pension plans, and $0.7 million to the postretirement benefit plans in 2023.

Weighted-Average Assumptions

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 were as follows:

	Domestic Plans
	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans						Postretirement Benefit Plans						Foreign Plans
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Discount rate		5.13	%		2.76	%		5.13	%		2.74	%		5.17	%		2.85	%		4.68	%		2.80	%
Rate of compensation increase	N/A			N/A			N/A				3.00	%	N/A			N/A				2.16	%		2.35	%

67

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs as of December 31 were as follows:

	Domestic Plans
	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans						Postretirement Benefit Plans						Foreign Plans
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Discount rate		2.73	%		2.32	%		2.73	%		2.35	%		2.85	%		2.47	%		4.71	%		2.34	%
Expected return on plan assets		3.75	%		4.75	%	N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A				4.47	%		3.76	%
Rate of compensation increase	N/A			N/A			N/A				3.00	%	N/A			N/A				2.16	%		2.35	%

Multi-employer Plans

We contribute to various defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees. The financial risks of participating in these multi-employer pension plans generally include the fact that the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by solvent participating employers. In addition, if we were to discontinue participating in some of our multi-employer pension plans, we could be required to pay a withdrawal liability amount based on the underfunded status of the plan. Currently, we do not anticipate triggering any withdrawal from any multi-employer pension plan to which we currently contribute. We also contribute to defined contribution plans pursuant to collective bargaining agreements, which are generally not subject to the funding risks inherent in defined benefit pension plans. The overall level of contributions to our multi-employer plans may significantly vary from year to year based on the demand for union-represented labor to support our operations. We do not have any minimum contribution requirements for future periods pursuant to our collective bargaining agreements for individually significant multi-employer plans.

Our participation in multi-employer pension plans for 2022 is outlined in the following table. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act zone status available in 2022 and 2021 relates to the plan’s year end as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is based on information received from the plan. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65% funded, plans in the yellow zone are less than 80% funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80% funded. The “FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented” column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan or a rehabilitation plan is either pending or has been implemented.

		Plan		Pension Protection Act Zone Status		FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented	Viad Contributions						Surcharge Paid	Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement(s)
(in thousands)	EIN	No.		2022	2021		2022		2021		2020
Pension Fund:
Western Conference of Teamsters Pension Plan	91-6145047		1	Green	Green	No	$	4,466	$	2,571	$	2,898	No	Continuous
Chicago Regional Council of Carpenters Pension Fund	36-6130207		1	Green	Green	Yes		2,255		658		608	No	5/31/2024
Southern California Local 831—Employer Pension Fund(1)	95-6376874		1	Green	Green	No		1,181		302		943	No	Continuous
IBEW Local Union No 357 Pension Plan A	88-6023284		1	Green	Green	No		912		628		843	No	Continuous
Machinery Movers Riggers & Mach Erect Local 136 Supplemental Retirement Plan(1)	36-1416355		11	Green	Yellow	Yes		900		176		337	Yes	6/30/2024
Southwest Carpenters Pension Trust	95-6042875		1	Green	Green	No		573		352		195	No	7/31/2023
New England Teamsters & Trucking Industry Pension	04-6372430		1	Red	Red	Yes		477		109		42	No	3/31/2027
Electrical Contractors Assoc. Chicago Local Union 134, IBEW Joint Pension Trust of Chicago Plan #2	51-6030753		2	Green	Green	No		384		306		509	No	Continuous
All other funds(2)								3,134		1,024		1,151
Total contributions to defined benefit plans								14,282		6,126		7,526
Total contributions to other plans								3,236		931		1,066
Total contributions to multi-employer plans							$	17,518	$	7,057	$	8,592

68

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(1)We contributed more than 5% of total plan contributions for the plan year detailed in the plans’ most recent Form 5500s.

(2)Represents participation in 32 pension funds during 2022.

Other Employee Benefits

We match United States employee contributions to the 401(k) Plan with shares of our common stock held in treasury up to 100% of the first 3% of a participant’s salary plus 50% of the next 2%. The expense associated with our match was $3.5 million for 2022, $2.2 million for 2021, and $1.7 million for 2020. In April 2020, we suspended our 401(k) Plan employer match contributions, which were later reinstated in October 2020.

Note 19. Restructuring Charges

GES

As part of our efforts to drive efficiencies and simplify our business operations, we took certain restructuring actions designed to simplify and transform GES for greater profitability. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020, we accelerated our transformation and streamlining efforts at GES to significantly reduce costs and create a lower and more flexible cost structure focused on servicing our more profitable market segments. These initiatives resulted in restructuring charges related to the elimination of certain positions and continuing to reduce our facility footprint at GES, as well as charges related to the closure and liquidation of GES’ United Kingdom-based audio-visual services business. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we entered into an agreement with a third-party to outsource the management, cleaning, and storage of the aisle carpeting that we use at live events, which resulted in restructuring charges in 2021 when we vacated a facility.

Other Restructurings

We recorded restructuring charges in connection with the consolidation of certain support functions at our corporate headquarters and certain reorganization activities within Pursuit. These charges primarily consist of severance and related benefits due to headcount reductions.

Changes to the restructuring liability by major restructuring activity are as follows:

	GES						Other Restructurings
(in thousands)	Severance & Employee Benefits			Facilities			Severance & Employee Benefits			Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,935		$	1,339		$	239		$	4,513
Restructuring charges		6,563			5,784			1,093			13,440
Cash payments		(7,051	)		(2,573	)		(1,201	)		(10,825	)
Non-cash items(1)		—			(1,789	)		—			(1,789	)
Adjustment to liability		(7	)		5			(107	)		(109	)
Balance at December 31, 2020		2,440			2,766			24			5,230
Restructuring charges		1,829			4,107			130			6,066
Cash payments		(2,302	)		(3,506	)		(91	)		(5,899	)
Non-cash items(1)		—			(1,906	)		—			(1,906	)
Adjustment to liability		9			(28	)		(37	)		(56	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		1,976			1,433			26			3,435
Restructuring charges		624			2,351			84			3,059
Cash payments		(988	)		(863	)		(83	)		(1,934	)
Non-cash items(1)		—			(1,167	)		—			(1,167	)
Adjustment to liability		(3	)		64			(15	)		46
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,609		$	1,818		$	12		$	3,439

(1)Represents non-cash adjustments related to a write-down of certain ROU assets and leasehold improvements as a result of vacating certain facilities prior to the lease term during the year ended December 31, 2022, a write down of certain ROU assets as a result of vacating certain facilities prior to the lease term during the year ended December 31, 2021, and the closure and liquidation of GES’ United Kingdom-based audio-visual services business during the year ended December 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2022, $1.5 million of the liabilities related to severance and employee benefits and $1.5 million of liabilities related to facilities will remain unpaid by the end of 2023. The liabilities related to facilities primarily include dilapidations and non-lease

69

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

expenses that will be paid over the remaining lease terms. Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information, for information regarding restructuring charges by segment.

Note 20. Leases and Other

The balance sheet presentation of our operating and finance leases is as follows:

		December 31,
(in thousands)	Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet	2022		2021
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Operating lease ROU assets	$	102,777	$	95,915
Finance lease assets	Property and equipment, net		57,534		61,022
Total lease assets		$	160,311	$	156,937
Liabilities:
Current:
Operating lease obligations	Operating lease obligations	$	13,463	$	12,451
Finance lease obligations	Current portion of debt and finance obligations		2,978		2,928
Noncurrent:
Operating lease obligations	Long-term operating lease obligations		101,297		93,406
Finance lease obligations	Long-term debt and finance obligations		61,751		60,473
Total lease liabilities		$	179,489	$	169,258

The components of lease expense consisted of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	4,264	$	4,280
Interest on lease liabilities		5,817		5,580
Operating lease cost		24,850		23,129
Short-term lease cost		2,545		1,444
Variable lease cost		5,566		4,372
Total lease cost, net	$	43,042	$	38,805

Other information related to operating and finance leases are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	23,024		$	23,320
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	6,089		$	3,926
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	3,845		$	3,223
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	24,050		$	38,838
Finance leases	$	5,139		$	43,241
	December 31,
	2022			2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases		8.51			8.54
Finance leases		34.07			34.95
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases		7.25	%		6.86	%
Finance leases		9.12	%		9.06	%

70

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

As of December 31, 2022, the estimated future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases, excluding variable leases and variable non-lease components, are as follows:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases			Finance Leases			Total
2023	$	23,267		$	8,743		$	32,010
2024		21,560			7,692			29,252
2025		20,055			6,869			26,924
2026		19,126			6,367			25,493
2027		15,886			6,205			22,091
Thereafter		60,268			180,055			240,323
Total future lease payments		160,162			215,931			376,093
Less: Amount representing interest		(45,402	)		(151,202	)		(196,604	)
Present value of minimum lease payments		114,760			64,729			179,489
Current portion		13,463			2,978			16,441
Long-term portion	$	101,297		$	61,751		$	163,048

As of December 31, 2022, the estimated future minimum rental income under non-cancellable leases, which includes rental income from facilities that we own, are as follows:

(in thousands)
2023	$	1,815
2024		1,569
2025		1,354
2026		1,111
2027		455
Thereafter		579
Total minimum rents	$	6,883

Lease Not Yet Commenced

As of December 31, 2022, we had executed a facility lease for which we did not have control of the underlying assets. Accordingly, we did not record the lease liability and ROU asset on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This lease is for a new FlyOver attraction, FlyOver Canada Toronto. The lease commencement date was originally planned for 2023, however, it has been postponed due to permitting and other related delays. Upon commencement date, it will have a lease term of 20 years.

Note 21. Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other

We are plaintiffs or defendants in various actions, proceedings, and pending claims, some of which involve, or may involve, compensatory, punitive, or other damages. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties and it is possible that some of the legal actions, proceedings, or claims could be decided against us. Although the amount of liability as of December 31, 2022 with respect to unresolved legal matters is not ascertainable, we believe that any resulting liability, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.

On July 18, 2020, an off-road Ice Explorer operated by our Pursuit business was involved in an accident while enroute to the Athabasca Glacier, resulting in three fatalities and multiple other serious injuries. We continue to support the victims and their families. We immediately reported the accident to our relevant insurance carriers, who are also supporting the investigation and subsequent claims. In May 2022, we received charges from the Canadian office of Occupational Health and Safety in relation to this accident. We continue to cooperate fully with regulatory agencies regarding this accident. In addition, we believe that our reserves and, subject to customary deductibles, our insurance coverage is sufficient to cover potential claims and regulatory fines related to this accident.

We are subject to various United States federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations governing the prevention of pollution and the protection of the environment in the jurisdictions in which we have or had operations. If we fail to comply with these environmental laws and regulations, civil and criminal penalties could be imposed, and we could become subject to regulatory enforcement actions in the form of injunctions and cease and desist orders. As is the case with many companies, we also face exposure to actual or potential claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters relating to our past operations. As of December 31, 2022, we had recorded environmental remediation liabilities of $2.2 million related to previously sold operations. Although we are a party to certain environmental disputes, we believe that any resulting liabilities, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

71

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

As of December 31, 2022, on behalf of our subsidiaries, we had certain obligations under guarantees to third parties. These guarantees are not subject to liability recognition in the consolidated financial statements and relate to leased facilities and equipment leases entered into by our subsidiary operations. We would generally be required to make payments to the respective third parties under these guarantees in the event that the related subsidiary could not meet its own payment obligations. The maximum potential amount of future payments that we would be required to make under all guarantees existing as of December 31, 2022 would be $88.2 million. These guarantees relate to our leased equipment and facilities through January 2040. There are no recourse provisions that would enable us to recover from third parties any payments made under the guarantees. Furthermore, there are no collateral or similar arrangements pursuant to which we could recover payments.

A significant number of our employees are unionized and we are a party to approximately 100 collective bargaining agreements, with approximately one-third requiring renegotiation each year. If we are unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective bargaining process, the union may call for a strike or work stoppage, which may, under certain circumstances, adversely impact our business and results of operations. We believe that relations with our employees are satisfactory and that collective bargaining agreements expiring in 2023 will be renegotiated in the ordinary course of business. Although our labor relations are currently stable, disruptions could occur, with the possibility of an adverse impact on the operating results of GES. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits for additional information on specific union-related pension matters.

We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. The aggregate amount of insurance liabilities (up to our retention limit) related to our continuing operations was $9.9 million as of December 31, 2022, which includes $5.9 million related to workers’ compensation liabilities, and $4.0 million related to general liability claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold businesses of $2.1 million as of December 31, 2022. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits and the estimated employee health benefit claims incurred but not yet reported was $1.5 million as of December 31, 2022. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on our historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. A change in the assumptions used could result in an adjustment to recorded liabilities. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels, which generally range from $0.2 million to $0.5 million on a per claim basis. We do not maintain a self-insured retention pool fund as claims are paid from current cash resources at the time of settlement. Our net cash payments in connection with these insurance liabilities were $5.3 million for 2022, $2.8 million for 2021, and $5.0 million for 2020.

In addition, as of December 31, 2022, we have recorded insurance liabilities of $8.2 million related to continuing operations, which represents the amount for which we remain the primary obligor after self-insured insurance limits, without taking into consideration the above-referenced insurance coverage. Of this total, $6.4 million is related to workers’ compensation liabilities and $1.8 million is related to general/auto liability claims, which is recorded in “Other deferred items and liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding receivable in “Other investments and assets.”

Note 22. Noncontrolling Interests – Redeemable and Non-redeemable

Redeemable noncontrolling interest

On November 3, 2017, we acquired the controlling interest (54.5% of the common stock) in Esja, a private corporation in Reykjavik, Iceland. Subsequent to additional capital contributions, our equity ownership increased to 56.4% as of December 31, 2022. Through Esja and its wholly-owned subsidiary, we are operating the FlyOver Iceland attraction.

The minority Esja shareholders have the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a multiple of 5.0x EBITDA as calculated on the trailing 12 months from the most recently completed quarter before the put option exercise. The put option is only exercisable after August 2022 (the “Reference Date”), and in the event the FlyOver Iceland attraction has earned a minimum of €3.25 million in unadjusted EBITDA during the most recent fiscal year and during the trailing 12-month period prior to exercise (the “Put Option Condition”). The put option is exercisable during a period of 12 months following the Reference Date (the “Option Period”) if the Put Option Condition has been met. If the Put Option Condition has not been met during the first Option Period, the Reference Date will be extended for an additional 12 months up to three times. If after 72 months, the FlyOver Iceland attraction has not achieved the Put Option Condition, the put option expires. If the Put Option Condition is met during any of the Option Periods, yet the shares are not exercised prior to the end of the 12-month Option Period, the put option will expire.

The noncontrolling interest’s carrying value is determined by the fair value of the noncontrolling interest as of the acquisition date and the noncontrolling interest’s share of the subsequent net income or loss. This value is benchmarked against the redemption value of the sellers’ put option. The carrying value is adjusted to the redemption value, provided that it does not fall below the initial carrying value, as determined by the purchase price allocation. We have made a policy election to reflect any changes caused by such an adjustment to retained earnings (accumulated deficit), rather than to current earnings (loss).

72

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interest are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	5,225
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		(1,766	)
Adjustment to the redemption value		1,797
Capital contributions		341
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(153	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		5,444
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		(748	)
Adjustment to the redemption value		763
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(503	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	4,956

Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest

Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. Our non-redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to the equity ownership interest that we do not own.

Changes in the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest are as follows:

(in thousands)	Glacier Park Inc.			Brewster (1)			Sky Lagoon			Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	13,953		$	51,295		$	12,896		$	78,144
Net loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		1,360			1,399			(1,073	)		1,686
Acquisitions		—			6,759			—			6,759
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			(1,160	)		—			(1,160	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		2			308			(183	)		127
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	15,315		$	58,601		$	11,640		$	85,556
Net income (loss) attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		1,394			1,675			(746	)		2,323
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			(570	)		—			(570	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(19	)		(4,004	)		(976	)		(4,999	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	16,690		$	55,702		$	9,918		$	82,310
Equity ownership interest that we do not own		20	%		40	%		49	%

(1)Includes Mountain Park Lodges and the Golden Skybridge at Brewster, part of the Banff Jasper Collection.

Note 23. Segment Information

An operating segment is defined as a component of an enterprise that engages in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer.

During the first quarter of 2022, we changed our segment reporting as a result of operational changes and how our CODM reviews the financial performance of GES and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. Accordingly, GES’ new reportable segments are Spiro and GES Exhibitions. We made no changes to the Pursuit reportable segment.

We measure the profit and performance of our operations on the basis of segment operating income (loss) which excludes restructuring charges, impairment charges, gain (loss) from disposition of strategic assets, and certain other corporate expenses that are not allocated to the reportable segments. Intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation and intersegment transfers are not significant. Corporate activities include expenses not allocated to operations.

73

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Our reportable segments, with reconciliations to consolidated totals, are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Revenue:
Pursuit	$	299,327		$	187,048		$	76,810
GES:
Spiro		277,641			116,587			102,027
GES Exhibitions		557,880			209,529			238,705
GES intersegment eliminations		(7,537	)		(5,824	)		(2,107	)
Total GES		827,984			320,292			338,625
Total revenue	$	1,127,311		$	507,340		$	415,435
Segment operating income (loss):
Pursuit	$	24,031		$	4,609		$	(42,343	)
GES:
Spiro		23,133			(9,556	)		(41,217	)
GES Exhibitions		21,780			(42,055	)		(32,680	)
Total GES		44,913			(51,611	)		(73,897	)
Segment operating income (loss)		68,944			(47,002	)		(116,240	)
Corporate eliminations (1)		67			70			65
Corporate activities		(13,418	)		(11,689	)		(8,687	)
Gain on sale of ON Services		19,637			—			—
Interest expense, net		(34,891	)		(28,324	)		(17,887	)
Other expense, net		(2,077	)		(2,070	)		(1,594	)
Restructuring charges:
Pursuit		(55	)		(85	)		(132	)
Spiro		(1,015	)		(575	)		(1,011	)
GES Exhibitions		(1,960	)		(5,361	)		(11,336	)
Corporate		(29	)		(45	)		(961	)
Impairment charges:
Pursuit		—			—			(1,758	)
Spiro		—			—			(43,403	)
GES Exhibitions		(583	)		—			(157,915	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$	34,620		$	(95,081	)	$	(360,859	)

(1)Corporate eliminations represent the elimination of depreciation expense recorded by Pursuit associated with previously eliminated intercompany profit realized by GES for renovations to Pursuit’s Banff Gondola.

74

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Additional information of our reportable segments is as follows:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Depreciation:
Pursuit	$	31,075	$	27,360	$	24,761
Spiro		3,599		4,769		6,975
GES Exhibitions		8,315		11,550		14,634
Corporate		43		34		97
	$	43,032	$	43,713	$	46,467
Amortization:
Pursuit	$	5,021	$	5,108	$	3,633
Spiro		242		509		1,306
GES Exhibitions		4,188		4,420		5,159
	$	9,451	$	10,037	$	10,098
Capital expenditures:
Pursuit	$	56,775	$	54,325	$	43,177
Spiro		2,923		578		1,570
GES Exhibitions		7,342		2,557		8,820
Corporate and other		130		476		—
	$	67,170	$	57,936	$	53,567

We do not report total assets by segment because this is not a metric used to allocate resources or evaluate segment performance.

Geographic Areas

Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries. GES revenue is designated as domestic or foreign based on the originating location of the product or service. Long-lived assets are attributed to domestic or foreign based principally on the physical location of the assets. Long-lived assets consist of “Property and equipment, net” and “Other investments and assets.” The table below presents the financial information by major geographic area:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Revenue:
United States	$	703,379	$	312,265	$	290,541
EMEA		207,339		96,603		56,656
Canada		216,593		98,472		68,238
Total revenue	$	1,127,311	$	507,340	$	415,435
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	190,917	$	179,756	$	173,790
EMEA		85,680		91,877		56,996
Canada		290,438		294,193		276,860
Total long-lived assets	$	567,035	$	565,826	$	507,646

Note 24. Subsequent Events

Interest Rate Cap Agreement

On January 4, 2023, we entered into an interest rate cap agreement with an effective date of January 31, 2023. The interest rate cap manages our exposure to interest rate increases on $300 million in borrowings under our 2021 Credit Facility and provides us with the right to receive payment if the one-month SOFR exceeds 5.00%. Beginning on February 28, 2023, we will pay a fixed monthly deferred premium based on an annual rate of 0.3335% for the interest rate cap, which matures on January 31, 2025.

75

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

LIBOR Transition Amendment

On February 6, 2023, we entered into the LIBOR Transition Amendment to the 2021 Credit Facility to replace LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). In accordance with the LIBOR replacement provisions outlined in the 2021 Credit Facility, additional credit spread adjustments apply to SOFR ranging from 0.11448% (for a one-month duration) up to 0.71513% (for a 12-month duration). For additional information on the 2021 Credit Facility, refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations.

Forest Park Construction Loan Amendment

During January 2023, we completed our final borrowing under the Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility and the facility was converted, by way of an amendment to the loan agreement, to a term loan with a fixed interest rate of 6.5% effective January 31, 2023. The term loan matures on February 1, 2028 and requires interest only payments through July 31, 2024. For additional information on the Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility, refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations.

76

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Viad Corp

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Viad Corp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and mezzanine equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 28, 2023, expressed a qualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other—Self Insurance Reserves —Refer to Notes 1 and 21 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company is self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation, automobile, product and general liability claims. Reserves for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not reported, are made by the Company based on historical experience, claims frequency, insurance coverage, and other factors. The Company purchases insurance for amounts in excess of self-insured levels. The aggregate amount of these insurance liabilities related to continuing operations was $18.1 million as of December 31, 2022.

Given the subjectivity of estimating the projected settlement value of reported and unreported claims, auditing the self-insurance reserves involved especially subjective auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our actuarial specialists when auditing the self-insurance reserves, and therefore we have identified this as a critical audit matter.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the self-insurance reserves included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls related to self-insurance reserves, including those over the projection of settlement value of reported and unreported claims.

•We evaluated the methods and assumptions used by management to estimate the self-insurance reserves by:

77

•Agreeing the underlying claims data to source documents that served as the basis for the Company’s actuarial analysis, to evaluate whether the inputs to the actuarial estimate were reasonable.

•Comparing management’s prior-year assumptions of expected development and ultimate loss to actuals incurred during the current year to identify potential bias in the determination of the self-insurance reserves.

•With the assistance of our actuarial specialists, we developed independent estimates of the self-insurance reserves, using standard traditional actuarial methodologies, and compared our estimates to management’s estimates.

Goodwill — FlyOver and Glacier Park Collection – Refer to Notes 1 and 9 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company’s evaluation of goodwill for impairment involves the comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. The Company used a discounted expected future cash flow methodology to estimate the fair value of its reporting units, which requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to the discount rate and forecasts of future revenues and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) margins. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value, the amount of goodwill impairment charge, or both.

Given the significant judgments made by management to estimate the fair value of the FlyOver and Glacier Park Collection reporting units, performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions related to selection of the discount rates and forecasts of future revenue and EBITDA margins required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the selection of the discount rates and forecasts of future revenue and EBITDA margins (“forecasts”) used by management to estimate the fair value of the FlyOver and Glacier Park Collection reporting units included the following procedures:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s goodwill impairment evaluation, including those over the determination of the fair value of the reporting units, such as the control related to management’s selection of the discount rates and forecasts.

•We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s forecasts by comparing the forecasts to (1) historical results of the Company, (2) internal communications to management, and (3) forecasted information included in industry reports of the Company.

•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the (1) valuation methodology and (2) discount rate, including testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rate, testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculation, and developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by management.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Tempe, Arizona

February 28, 2023

We have served as the Company’s auditor since at least 1929; however, an earlier year could not be reliably determined.

78

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, together with our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2022.

Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022 due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as described below. Notwithstanding the material weakness described below, based on the additional analysis and other post-closing procedures performed, the Company believes the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, are fairly presented, in all material respects, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

79

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our board of directors, our management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with United States GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that:

•Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;

•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with United States GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

•Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

Management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria described in the “Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013),” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The objective of this assessment was to determine whether our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022. Based on our assessment, we concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting is not effective based on those criteria due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as described below.

A material weakness, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2, is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has issued a report relating to our audit of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which appears on the following page of this 2022 Form 10-K.

Identification of Material Weakness in Controls over Financial Reporting

During our year-end close and review procedures for the year ended December 31, 2022, a material weakness was identified over the remeasurement of monetary liabilities in nonfunctional currencies as a result of the error identified in accounting for a finance lease at the Company’s Sky Lagoon attraction in Iceland, which impacted costs of services, long-term debt and finance obligations, and net income attributable to Viad after accounting for taxes and noncontrolling interests. This error was corrected in the Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, which was filed on February 28, 2023.

Remediation Plan

We are in the process of designing and implementing an internal control to address the material weakness. The material weakness cannot be considered remediated until applicable controls have been designed, implemented, and operated for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. Accordingly, we will continue to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Except as noted above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

80

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Viad Corp

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Viad Corp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness identified below on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, of the Company and our report dated February 28, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Material Weakness

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management's assessment:

The Company did not appropriately design and implement a control to identify and account for monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the resulting transaction gains and losses from a change in exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which the monetary liabilities is denominated.

This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 of the Company, and this report does not affect our report on such financial statements.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Tempe, Arizona

February 28, 2023

81

Item 9B. Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

82

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Information regarding our directors, director nomination procedures, and the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors is included in our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on May 24, 2023 (the “Proxy Statement”), under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance,” and “Stock Ownership Information,” and are incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding our executive officers is located in Part I, “Other – Information about our Executive Officers” of this 2022 Form 10-K.

We adopted a Code of Ethics for all of our directors, officers and employees. A copy of our Code of Ethics is available at our website at www.viad.com/about-us/corporate-governance/documents-and-charters/default.aspx and is also available without charge to any shareholder upon written request to: Viad Corp, 7000 East 1st Avenue, Scottsdale, Arizona 85251-4304, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Information in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance,” and “Executive Compensation” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Information in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Executive Compensation” and “Stock Ownership Information” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Information in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal AccountANT Fees and Services

Information regarding principal accountant fees and services and the pre-approval policies and procedures for such fees and services, as adopted by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, is contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Ratification of the Selection of Deloitte & Touche LLP as Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for 2023” and is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits AND Financial Statement Schedules

(a)Financial Statements and Schedules

See Index to Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule at Item 8 of this 2022 Form 10-K.

(b)Exhibit Index

83

			Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description	Form	Period Ending	Exhibit	Filing Date
3.A		Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Viad Corp, as amended through July 1, 2004 (SEC File No. 001-11015; SEC Film No. 04961107).	10-Q	6/30/2004	3.A	8/9/2004
3.B		Bylaws of Viad Corp, as amended through December 5, 2013.	8-K		3	12/9/2013
3.C		Certificate of Designations of 5.5% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.	8-K		3.1	8/5/2020
4.A		Registration Rights Agreement, dated August 5, 2020, by and among Viad Corp, Crestview IV VC TE Holdings, LLC, Crestview IV VC Holdings, L.P., and Crestview IV VC CI Holdings, L.P.	8-K		4.1	8/5/2020
4.B	*	Description of Viad Corp’s Securities.
10.A1	+	Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement, effective as of August 26, 2020, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Award Plan.	10-Q	9/30/2020	10.7	11/6/2020
10.B1	+	2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, amended and restated effective May 24, 2022.	8-K		10.1	5/26/2022
10.B2	+	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement, effective as of May 18, 2017, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	8-K		10.4	5/23/2017
10.B3	+	Form of Management Incentive Plan (MIP) Administrative Guidelines, effective February 27, 2018, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective as of May 18, 2017.	10-K	12/31/2017	10.B4	2/28/2018
10.B4	+	Form of Management Incentive Plan, effective as of February 27, 2018, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective as of May 18, 2017.	10-K	12/31/2017	10.B5	2/28/2018
10.B5	+	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement, by and between Viad Corp and each of Steven W. Moster and Ellen M. Ingersoll, dated February 16, 2021.	8-K		10.1	2/17/2021
10.B6	+	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement by and between Viad Corp and David Barry, dated March 29, 2022.	10-Q	3/31/2022	10.2	5/6/2022
10.B7	+	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement - Non-Employee Directors (Crestview), effective as of February 24, 2022, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	10-Q	3/31/2022	10.3	5/6/2022
10.B8	+	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement - Non-Employee Directors (Others), effective as of February 24, 2022, pursuant to the 2017 Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.	10-Q	3/31/2022	10.4	5/6/2022
10.B9	+ *	Form of Stock Option Agreement, effective as of August 26, 2020, pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.

84

			Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description	Form	Period Ending	Exhibit	Filing Date
10.B10	+ *	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement, effective as of May 26, 2022, pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2017 Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.
10.B11	+ *	Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement, effective as of February 23, 2021, pursuant to the 2017 Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan.
10.C1	+	Forms of Viad Corp Executive Severance Plans (Tier I and II), amended and restated for Code Section 409A as of January 1, 2005.	8-K		10.B	8/29/2007
10.C2	+	Form of Viad Corp Executive Severance Plan (Tier I-2013) effective as February 27, 2013.	8-K		10.B	3/5/2013
10.C3	+	Amendment No. 1 to Viad Corp Executive Severance Plan (Tier I), effective as of February 26, 2014.	8-K		10	3/4/2014
10.C4	+	Severance Agreement (No Change in Control) between Viad Corp and Steven W. Moster, effective as of December 3, 2014.	8-K		10.B	12/5/2014
10.C5	+	Severance Agreement (No Change in Control) between Viad Corp and David W. Barry, effective as of April 22, 2015.	10-K	12/31/2015	10.H4	3/11/2016
10.D1	+	Viad Corp Supplemental Pension Plan, amended and restated as of January 1, 2005 for Code Section 409A.	8-K		10.A	8/29/2007
10.E1	+	Viad Corp Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, effective as of January 1, 2013.	8-K		10.E	3/5/2013
10.F1	+	Executive Officer Pay Continuation Policy adopted February 7, 2007.	8-K		10.A	2/13/2007
10.G1	+	Viad Corp Directors’ Matching Gift Program, effective as of February 18, 1999.	10-K	12/31/2018	10.H1	2/27/2019
10.H1	+	Form of Indemnification Agreement between Viad Corp and Directors of Viad Corp, as approved by Viad Corp stockholders on October 16, 1987.	10-K	12/31/2008	10.1	2/27/2009
10.I1	+	Summary of Compensation Program of Non-Employee Directors of Viad Corp, effective as of February 25, 2020.	10-K	12/31/2020	10.J1	3/2/2021
10.J1		Investment Agreement, dated August 5, 2020, by and among Viad Corp, Crestview IV VC TE Holdings, LLC, Crestview IV VC Holdings, L.P., and Crestview IV VC CI Holdings, L.P.	8-K		10.1	8/5/2020
10.J2		Stockholders Agreement, dated August 5, 2020, by and among Viad Corp, Crestview IV VC TE Holdings, LLC, Crestview IV VC Holdings, L.P., and Crestview IV VC CI Holdings, L.P.	8-K		10.2	8/5/2020
10.J3	+	Form of Indemnification Agreement.	8-K		10.4	8/5/2020
10.J4		Form of Crestview Designee Indemnification Agreement.	8-K		10.5	8/5/2020

85

			Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description	Form	Period Ending	Exhibit	Filing Date
10.K1		$500,000,000 Credit Agreement among Viad Corp, Bank of America, N.A., and other lenders party thereto, dated as of July 30, 2021.	8-K		10.1	8/2/2021
10-K2		First Amendment, among the Company, the other loan parties party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, which amends the Credit Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2021, among the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto from time to time.	8-K		10.1	3/24/2022
21	*	List of Viad Corp Subsidiaries.
23	*	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to the incorporation by reference into specified registration statements on Form S-8 of its report contained in this Annual Report.
24	*	Power of Attorney signed by Viad Corp Directors.
31.1	*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	**	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	***	Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	****	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	****	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	****	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	****	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	****	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104	***	Cover Page Interactive Data File

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

*** The Inline XBRL Instance Document and Cover Page Interactive Data File do not appear in the Interactive Data File because their XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

**** Submitted electronically herewith

+ Management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.

86

Item 16. Form 10-K summary

None.

87

VIAD CORP

SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

			Additions					Deductions
(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Year		Charged to  Expense(1)			Charged to  Other Accounts		Write-Offs			Other(2)			Balance at End of Year
Allowances for doubtful accounts:
December 31, 2020		1,200		6,712			17		(2,628	)		9			5,310
December 31, 2021		5,310		(2,700	)		1		(680	)		(123	)		1,808
December 31, 2022		1,808		1,580			—		(1,064	)		(150	)		2,174
Deferred tax valuation allowance:
December 31, 2020		4,276		77,369			—		—			150			81,795
December 31, 2021		81,795		21,859			—		—			(144	)		103,510
December 31, 2022		103,510		(702	)		—		—			(1,169	)		101,639

(1)Includes bad debt recoveries.

(2)“Other” primarily includes foreign exchange translation adjustments.

88

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 28, 2023.

VIAD CORP
By:	/s/ Steven W. Moster
	Steven W. Moster
	President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

		Principal Executive Officer
Date:	February 28, 2023	By:	/s/ Steven W. Moster
			Steven W. Moster
			President and Chief Executive Officer, Director
		Principal Financial Officer
Date:	February 28, 2023	By:	/s/ Ellen M. Ingersoll
			Ellen M. Ingersoll
			Chief Financial Officer
		Principal Accounting Officer
Date:	February 28, 2023	By:	/s/ Leslie S. Striedel
			Leslie S. Striedel
			Chief Accounting Officer
		Directors
		Beverly K. Carmichael*
		Brian P. Cassidy*
		Denise M. Coll*
		Richard H. Dozer*
		Virginia L. Henkels*
		Patrick T. LaValley*
		Edward E. Mace*
		Joshua E. Schechter*
Date:	February 28, 2023	By:	/s/ Ellen M. Ingersoll
			Ellen M. Ingersoll
			Attorney-in-Fact

* Pursuant to power of attorney filed as Exhibit 24 to this 2022 Form 10-K

89

EX-4

Exhibit 4B

DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES

REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

The following summary of the capital stock of Viad Corp. does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our restated certificate of incorporation (as amended, our “charter”), our bylaws (our “bylaws”, and together with our charter, our “organizational documents”), each of which are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit is a part, and certain provisions of Delaware law. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “we”, “us,” “our” and “Viad” in this section refer solely to Viad Corp. and not to our subsidiaries.

General

Under our charter, our authorized capital stock consists of (i) 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $1.50 par value per share, (ii) 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, (iii) 442,532 shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock, stated value of $100 per share, (iv) 2,000,000 shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share. and (v) 180,000 shares of 5.5% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of December 31, 2022, there were 20,718,937shares of Viad common stock outstanding, 141,827 shares of 5.5% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding and no shares of any other series of Viad preferred stock outstanding. All outstanding shares of Viad capital stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

Common Stock

Voting Rights.All shares of our common stock have identical rights and privileges. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters subject to a vote of stockholders, subject to the rights of holders of any outstanding preferred stock. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election, subject to the rights of holders of any outstanding preferred stock.

Dividend Rights. Our common stockholders are entitled to receive dividends and distributions declared by our board of directors, to the extent permitted by the terms of outstanding shares of preferred stock, our credit agreement and our charter. If a dividend is declared, it will be distributed pro rata to our common stockholders, unless it is a dividend in kind.

Liquidation Rights. If Viad is liquidated or dissolved, our common stockholders will be entitled to receive our assets and funds available for distribution to common stockholders in proportion to the number of shares they hold. Our common stockholders may not receive any assets or funds until our creditors have been paid in full and any preferential or participating rights of our preferred stockholders have been satisfied.

Other. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock.

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is EQ Shareowner Services.

Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, which may be issued from time to time in one or more series upon authorization by the board of directors. Our board of directors, without further approval of the stockholders, will be authorized to fix the designation of the series and number of shares within the series, as well as the dividend rights and terms, redemption rights and terms, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and terms, voting rights and terms and any other rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions applicable to each series of preferred stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could also adversely affect the voting power and dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could also, under certain circumstances, have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or discouraging a third party from acquiring, a majority of our

outstanding voting stock or otherwise adversely affect the market price of our common stock. It is not possible to state the actual effect of the issuance of any shares of preferred stock on the rights of holders of common stock until the board of directors determines the specific rights of that series of preferred stock.

You should refer to the certificate of designations establishing a particular series of preferred stock which will be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with any offering of preferred stock.

Series $4.75 Preferred Stock

Conversion. The shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock are not convertible into any other of our securities.

Voting Rights. We must obtain the approval of two-thirds of holders of the outstanding shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock in order to:

•amend our charter;

•materially change the terms of the Series $4.75 Preferred Stock;

•issue any class or series of stock ranking prior to the Series $4.75 Preferred Stock with respect to dividend or liquidation rights;

•sell or lease all or substantially all of our property or business

•voluntarily liquidate or dissolve; or

•merge or consolidate with or into any other corporation unless the Series $4.75 Preferred Stock will remain outstanding and retain its seniority.

We must obtain the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock in order to issue stock ranking equal to the Series $4.75 Preferred Stock with respect to dividend or liquidation rights.

If we fail to pay dividends for six quarters, the holders of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock have the right to elect two directors to our board of directors who will serve until all dividend arrearages have been paid.

Dividend Rights. Each share of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock is entitled to cumulative annual dividends from the original issuance of $4.75 per share payable quarterly.

Liquidation Rights. Each share is entitled to a liquidation preference of $100 per share in the event of a voluntary liquidation and $101 per share in the event of an involuntary liquidation, plus, in each case, accrued but unpaid dividends.

Redemption and Sinking Fund. We may redeem the Series $4.75 Preferred Stock at any time, in whole or part, at a redemption price of $101 per share plus accrued but unpaid dividends. We are required to deposit into a sinking fund each year an amount sufficient to redeem 6,000 shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock. Alternatively, we may deposit shares of Series $4.75 Preferred Stock we acquire through repurchase or redemption in lieu of depositing the redemption amount. For this purpose, we may not deposit shares redeemed through the sinking fund. Each year we are required to use all funds in the sinking fund to redeem Series $4.75 Preferred Stock. The shares redeemed are chosen by lot.

Junior Participating Preferred Stock

Conversion.The shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock are not convertible into any other of our securities.

Voting Rights. Holders of Junior Participating Preferred Stock are entitled to 25 votes for each share held on all matters subject to a vote of stockholders, subject to the rights of holders of any outstanding senior preferred stock.

We must obtain the approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock in order to amend the charter in any manner that would materially alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the Junior Participating Preferred Stock.

Dividend Rights. Each share of Junior Participating Preferred Stock is entitled to a minimum preferential quarterly dividend payment of $0.25 per share, but is entitled to an aggregate dividend of 25 times the dividend declared per share of common stock.

Liquidation Rights. Each share is entitled to a minimum liquidation preference of $25 per share, but is entitled to an aggregate payment of 25 times the payment made per share of common stock.

Consolidation / Merger Rights. In the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which shares of common stock are exchanged, each share of Junior Participating Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive 25 times the amount received per share of common stock. These rights are protected by customary anti-dilution provisions.

No Redemption. The shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock are not redeemable.

5.5% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On August 5, 2020, we entered into an investment agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with funds managed by private equity firm Crestview Partners, relating to the issuance of 135,000 shares of newly issued Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $135 million or $1,000 per share.

Ranking. With respect to dividends and distributions on liquidation, winding-up and dissolution, the preferred stock ranks (i) senior to the common stock and any other class or series of the Company’s stock whose terms do not expressly provide that such class or series will rank senior to, or equally with, the preferred stock, (ii) on parity with any class or series of the Company’s stock whose terms expressly provide that such class or series will rank equally with the preferred stock and (iii) junior to any class or series of the Company’s stock whose terms expressly provide that such class or series will rank senior to the preferred stock.

Liquidation Rights. Upon a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, each share of preferred stock will be entitled to receive an amount per share equal to the greater of (i) the liquidation preference and (ii) the amount that the holder of preferred stock would have been entitled to receive at such time if the preferred stock were converted into common stock (without giving effect to any Ownership Limitation (as defined below)) (the “Value of Converted Shares”).

Dividend Rights. The preferred stock will accrue a return on the liquidation preference at the rate of 5.5% per annum, which will be accreted into the liquidation preference on a quarterly basis or, at the option of the Company, payable in cash. The holders are also entitled to participate in dividends declared or paid on the common stock on an as-converted basis.

Conversion Rights. The shares of 5.5% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of common stock (i) at the option of each holder or (ii) at the Company’s election pursuant to its mandatory conversion right.

Conversion at the Option of the Holders. After the occurrence of August 21, 2020 (the “Antitrust Clearance Date”), each holder has the right, at its option, to convert its preferred stock, in whole or in part, into shares of common stock at an initial conversion price equal to $21.25 per share. The conversion price is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, including in the event of any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization or similar events. The conversion price is also subject to adjustment for certain dilutive issuances of common stock at a price below the then-current market price and repurchases of common stock at a price above the then-current market price.

Mandatory Conversion at the Company’s Election. Subject to certain conditions, the Company may, at its option after August 5, 2023, cause the conversion of all of the outstanding shares of preferred stock to common stock if, for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the date the Company notifies the holders of the Company’s election to mandatorily convert, the daily VWAP of the common stock is at least 200% of the conversion price. The Company will not exercise its right to mandatorily convert all outstanding shares of preferred stock unless certain liquidity conditions with regard to the shares of common stock to be issued upon such conversion are satisfied.

Limitations on Conversion Rights. Pursuant to the terms of the certificate of designations and the Investment Agreement, as applicable, unless and until approval of the Company’s stockholders is obtained as contemplated by NYSE listing rules, (i) Crestview may not convert shares of preferred stock through either an optional or a mandatory

conversion into shares of common stock to the extent that such conversion would result in Crestview, in the aggregate, beneficially owning (without counting any common stock transferred to a non-affiliated holder) in excess of 29.9% of then-outstanding common stock (treating shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of all of the preferred stock as outstanding for this purpose) (such limitation, the “Ownership Limitation”), (ii) Crestview may not exercise its preemptive rights to the extent stockholder approval is required as a result of Crestview’s status as affiliates of the Company or pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the NYSE, and (iii) the conversion price of the preferred stock cannot be adjusted below $15.23 in connection with certain dilutive issuances of common stock at a price below the then-current market price and repurchases of common stock at a price above the then-current market price.

Redemption Rights. If the Company undergoes certain change of control transactions, each holder has the right to cause the Company to redeem any or all of the preferred stock for cash consideration equal to the greater of (x) (i) 101% of the liquidation preference thereof at any time on or prior to August 5, 2023 and (ii) 100% of the liquidation preference thereof at any time after August 5, 2023 and (y) the Value of Converted Shares immediately prior to such change of control transaction.

Voting Rights. Following the Antitrust Clearance Date, the holders generally are entitled to vote with the holders of the shares of common stock on all matters submitted for a vote of holders of shares of common stock (voting together with the holders of shares of common stock as one class) on an as-converted basis, subject to the Ownership Limitation. Additionally, certain matters will require the approval of the majority of the outstanding preferred stock, voting as a separate class, including (i) the issuance of any additional preferred stock (other than pursuant to the terms of the Investment Agreement), Series $4.75 Preferred Stock (as defined in the Company’s charter), any class or series of senior or parity equity-linked securities or any rights, options or warrants to purchase or otherwise acquire any shares of senior or parity equity-linked securities, (ii) amendments, modifications, repeal or waiver of any provision of the Company’s charter or of the certificate of designations that would adversely affect the rights, preferences, privileges or powers of the preferred stock and (iii) subject to certain customary exceptions, the declaration or payment of any dividends or distributions on, or redemption or repurchase of, any junior securities. Following the Antitrust Clearance Date, the holders of preferred stock are entitled to the exclusive right to vote, as a separate class, to elect the directors designated by Crestview pursuant to the terms of the stockholders agreement dated August 5, 2020 (the “Stockholders Agreement”).

Registration Rights. The Company and each of the Crestview Partners (together with certain subsidiaries party to the Registration Rights Agreement, “Crestview”) entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things, the Company granted Crestview certain registration rights with respect to its Registrable Securities. “Registrable Securities” means (a) any shares of common stock now owned or hereafter acquired (in compliance with the terms of the Investment Agreement and the Stockholders Agreement), including any Conversion Shares, (b) any other shares of common stock issued in respect of preemptive rights of Crestview and (c) any common stock or other securities actually issued in respect of the securities described in clauses (a) or (b) above or this clause (c) upon any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reclassification, merger, consolidation or similar event.

Under the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company is required to use its reasonable best efforts to file, at least 90 days prior to February 5, 2022, a registration statement for a shelf registration on Form S-3, or, if the Company is ineligible to use a Form S-3, another appropriate form, covering the resale of the Registrable Securities on a delayed or continuous basis (the “Resale Shelf Registration Statement”). If the Resale Shelf Registration Statement ceases to be effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, while Registrable Securities are still outstanding, the Company must use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Resale Shelf Registration Statement to be effective again or file an additional shelf registration statement.

Demand Registration Rights. After the Resale Shelf Registration Statement becomes effective, Crestview is entitled to five demand registrations to sell its Registrable Securities pursuant to an underwritten offering, with no more than two in any 12-month period, as long as the anticipated gross proceeds of such underwritten offering are not less than $25,000,000 or include all remaining Registrable Securities.

Piggyback Registration Rights. If at any time the Company determines to file a registration statement with respect to an offering or to make an underwritten public offering pursuant to a previously filed registration statement of its common stock, whether or not for its own account, Crestview will have piggyback registration rights pursuant to which Crestview may require the inclusion of some or all of its Registrable Securities in such registration. In any such

registration that is an underwritten offering, to the extent requested by the underwriters, the Company may reduce the number of Crestview’s Registrable Securities to be included in any such registration.

Expenses of Registration, Restrictions and Indemnification. The Company will pay all of the reasonable and documented fees and expenses incurred in connection with the registration rights described above. The Company will not be obligated to pay underwriting discounts, selling commissions or stock transfer taxes applicable to the securities registered by Crestview.

The Registration Rights Agreement provides for customary registration rights indemnification by each of the Company and Crestview.

Lock-Up Agreement. From August 5, 2020 through February 5, 2022, Crestview may not transfer any of the preferred shares purchased pursuant to the Investment Agreement (“Purchased Shares”) or common stock issued upon conversion of the Purchased Shares (the “Conversion Shares”) to any person without the prior written consent of the Company, except Crestview may transfer Purchased Shares and Conversion Shares (i) to (a) any affiliate of Crestview, (b) any successor entity of such Crestview or (c) any investment fund, vehicle or similar entity of which Crestview, or any affiliate, advisor or manager of Crestview serves as a general partner, manager or advisor or any successor entity to the person described in this subclause (c), (ii) pursuant to an amalgamation, merger, tender or exchange offer, business combination, acquisition of assets or similar transaction involving the Company or any of its affiliates or any transaction resulting in a change of control of the Company or (iii) following commencement by the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries of bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceedings. The restrictions on transfer in the Investment Agreement do not prohibit liens on Purchased Shares or Conversion Shares, or any exercise of remedies with respect thereto. Subject to certain exceptions, Crestview also agreed that it would not knowingly transfer Purchased Shares or Conversion Shares to (I) certain competitors of the Company or (II) any person who would, upon consummation of such transfer, beneficially own 5% or more of common stock on an as-converted basis.

Preemptive Rights. If the Company intends to issue new equity securities for cash to any person, then Crestview, as long as it holds, in the aggregate, record and beneficial ownership of, on an as-converted basis, at least 50% of the preferred shares acquired on August 5, 2020 (the “Initial Share Ownership”), has the right to participate in such equity offering on a pro rata basis, subject to customary exceptions.

Voting Agreement. Under the Stockholders Agreement, after the Antitrust Clearance Date and until the Sunset Date (defined below), Crestview has agreed to vote any shares of then held by them (i) in favor of each director nominated or recommended by the board of directors for election at any such meeting, and against the removal of any director who has been elected following nomination or recommendation by the board of directors, (ii) against any stockholder nomination for director that is not approved and recommended by the board of directors for election at any such meeting and (iii) in favor of stockholder approval, as contemplated by NYSE listing rules, as may be reasonably required for all equity interests beneficially owned by Crestview, its affiliates and permitted transferees, including shares of preferred stock, shares of common stock issued upon conversion of such preferred stock, and other shares of common stock owned, directly or indirectly, of record or beneficially by Crestview, its affiliates and permitted transferees. Crestview also agreed to vote any shares then held, regardless of class of shares, in excess of 34.9% of the then-outstanding common stock (treating shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of all of the preferred stock as outstanding for this purpose) in the same proportion as the non-Crestview stockholders of the Company.

Standstill Agreements. Subject to certain customary exceptions, Crestview is prohibited from, among other things, (i) acquiring equity securities of the Company in excess of 2,500,000 shares of common stock in the aggregate, (ii) effecting an acquisition, by tender or exchange offer, merger, amalgamation or a similar business combination, of the Company and (iii) soliciting proxies or seeking a director/management change in the Company until the later of (x) three years after the date of the Stockholders Agreement and (y) such time as Crestview holds, in the aggregate, record and beneficial ownership of, on an as-converted basis, less than 33% of the Initial Share Ownership (the “Sunset Date”). In addition, Crestview is prohibited from engaging in any short sale or any purchase, sale or grant of any security that includes, relates to or derives any significant part of its value from a decline in the market price or value of the Company’s securities.

Provisions of the Charter and Bylaws that May Have an Anti-Takeover Effect

Certain provisions in the charter and the bylaws, as well as Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), may have the effect of discouraging transactions that involve an actual or threatened change in control of Viad. In addition,

provisions of the charter, the bylaws and the DGCL may be deemed to have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, deter or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider to be in its best interests.

Special Meetings of Stockholders. A special meeting of stockholders may only be called by the chairman of the board or by a majority of the board of directors. No stockholder or other person may call any such special meeting.

No Written Consent of Stockholders. Any action taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly held meeting of stockholders and may not be effected by the written consent of such stockholders.

Blank Check Preferred Stock. The charter contains provisions that permit our board of directors to issue, without any further vote or action by the stockholders, up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and, with respect to each such series, to fix the number of shares constituting the series and the designation of the series, the voting powers, if any, of the shares of the series, and the preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, if any, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions, of the shares of such series. Such provisions could have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers or takeover attempts.

Advance Notice of Stockholder Action at a Meeting. Stockholders seeking to nominate directors or to bring business before a stockholder meeting must comply with certain timing requirements and submit certain information to us in advance of such meeting.

Business Combinations. We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL. Subject to certain exceptions, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, unless the interested stockholder attained such status with the approval of the corporation’s board of directors or the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A business combination includes, among other things, a merger or consolidation.

Elimination of Liability in Certain Circumstances

Our charter eliminates the liability of our directors to us or our stockholders for monetary damages resulting from breaches of their fiduciary duties as directors. Directors remain liable for breaches of their duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders, as well as for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, and transactions from which a director derives improper personal benefit. Our charter does not absolve directors of liability for payment of dividends or stock purchases or redemptions by us in violation of Section 174 (or any successor provision) of the DGCL.

The effect of this provision is to eliminate the personal liability of directors for monetary damages for actions involving a breach of their fiduciary duty of care, including any such actions involving gross negligence. We do not believe that this provision eliminates the liability of our directors to us or our stockholders for monetary damages under the federal securities laws. The charter and bylaws also provide indemnification for the benefit of our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as it may be amended from time to time, including most circumstances under which indemnification otherwise would be discretionary.

EX-10

Exhibit 10.B10

AMENDED & RESTATED 2017 VIAD CORP OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN

RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS AGREEMENT

(Effective May 26, 2022)

Restricted Stock Units (“Units”) are hereby awarded by Viad Corp (the “Corporation”), a Delaware corporation, effective May 26, 2022, to [NAME] (“Employee”), in accordance with the following terms and conditions:

1. Unit Award. The Corporation hereby awards Employee [UNITS] Units (the “Award”) pursuant to the Amended & Restated 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”), subject to the terms, conditions, and restrictions of such Plan and as hereinafter set forth. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given thereto in the Plan.

2. Restrictions on Transfer and Restriction Period.

(a) The Award and Units granted hereunder will commence vesting on May 26, 2022 (the “Award Date”), in accordance with the following vesting schedule: the full amount of the Award will vest on December 31, 2024, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein. During this period (the “Restriction Period”), the Units that remain unvested may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, or otherwise encumbered by Employee, except as hereinafter provided. The Restriction Period shall lapse, and full ownership of Units will vest at the end of the Restriction Period, subject to forfeiture and repayment pursuant to paragraph 4.

(b) The Board of Directors (the “Board”) shall have the authority, in its discretion, to accelerate the time at which any or all of the restrictions shall lapse with respect to any Units, prior to the expiration of the Restriction Period with respect thereto, or to remove any or all of such restrictions, whenever the Board may determine that such action is appropriate by reason of change in applicable tax or other law, or other change in circumstances.

3. Restrictive Covenants. Unless a Change in Control shall have occurred after the date hereof, in order to better protect the goodwill of the Corporation and its Affiliates and to prevent the disclosure of the Corporation's or its Affiliates' trade secrets and confidential information and thereby help ensure the long-term success of the business, Employee, without prior written consent of the Corporation, will not engage in certain conduct as outlined in this paragraph 3:

(a) Non-Competition. During Employee’s employment with the Corporation or any of its Affiliates, and for a period of eighteen (18) months following termination of Employee’s employment with the Corporation or any of its Affiliates, Employee will not engage in any activity or provide any services, whether as a director, manager, supervisor, employee, adviser, agent, consultant, owner of more than five (5) percent of any enterprise or otherwise, in connection with the manufacture, development, advertising, promotion, design, or sale of any service or product which is the same as or similar to or competitive with any services or products of the Corporation or its Affiliates (including both existing services or products as well as services or products known

to Employee, as a consequence of Employee's employment with the Corporation or one of its Affiliates, to be in development):

(i) with respect to which Employee's work has been directly concerned at any time during the two (2) years preceding termination of employment with the Corporation or one of its Affiliates, or

(ii) with respect to which during that period of time Employee, as a consequence of Employee's job performance and duties, acquired knowledge of trade secrets or other confidential information of the Corporation or its Affiliates. For purposes of the provisions of paragraph 3(a), it shall be conclusively presumed that Employee has knowledge of information he or she was directly exposed to through actual receipt or review of memos or documents containing such information, or through actual attendance at meetings at which such information was discussed or disclosed.

(b) Non-Solicitation of Customers. During Employee’s employment with the Corporation or any of its affiliates, and for a period of eighteen (18) months following termination of Employee’s employment with the Corporation, Employee will not on behalf of any Competitor, solicit business from any Client of the Corporation that Employee serviced during Employee’s employment with the Corporation (the “Restricted Clients”). “Client” means any individual, person, business or entity that has consumed, obtained, retained and/or purchased any services or products offered or sold by the Corporation or any of its Affiliates during Employee’s employment, and any individual, person, business or entity or that has been solicited by Employee to consume, obtain, retain or purchase the services or products offered or sold by the Corporation or any of its affiliates. “Competitor”means any person or organization engaged (or about to become engaged) in research, development, marketing, selling, or servicing with respect to any product or service which is the same as, similar to, or competes with any product, process or service of the Corporation or its Affiliates (including both existing services or products as well as services or products known to Employee, as a consequence of Employee's employment with the Corporation or one of its Affiliates, to be in development).

(c) Non-Solicitation of Employees. During Employee’s employment with the Corporation and for eighteen (18) months immediately following termination of such employment for any reason, Employee will not, on behalf of himself or herself, or on behalf of any other person, firm, corporation, or entity, directly or indirectly (a) solicit for employment, or otherwise seek to employ, retain, divert or take away any of the agents, representatives or employees of the Corporation with whom Employee had contact or about whom Employee had access to information in the course of Employee’s employment with the Corporation, (b) or in any other way assist or facilitate any such employment, solicitation or retention effort.

(d) Remedies. Employee understands and agrees that the Corporation’s remedy for violation of the restrictions contained in paragraphs 3(a), 3(b) and/or 3(c) above is not limited to a requirement that Employee repay any awards granted to Employee under the Plan. Rather, in the event Employee breaches the terms of the restrictive covenants contained in paragraphs 3(a), 3(b) and/or 3(c) above, the Corporation will be entitled to seek and obtain any or all of the following remedies against Employee:

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(i) Injunctive Relief. In the event that Employee breaches, or the Corporation reasonably believes that Employee is about to breach, any of the covenants of paragraphs 3(a), 3(b) and/or 3(c) above, Employee recognizes that the Corporation will suffer immediate and irreparable harm and that money damages alone will not be adequate to compensate the Corporation or its Affiliates. Accordingly, Employee agrees that the Corporation will be entitled to temporary, preliminary and/or permanent injunctive relief enforcing the terms of paragraphs 3(a), 3(b) and/or 3(c) above.

(ii) Damages. In the event that Employee breaches any of the covenants of paragraphs 3(a), 3(b) and/or 3(c) above, Employee agrees that the Corporation will be entitled to compensatory damages in an amount necessary to compensate the Corporation for any harm that is not adequately redressed or prevented by injunctive relief.

(iii) Forfeiture and Repayment. In the event Employee breaches any of the covenants of paragraphs 3(a), 3(b) and/or 3(c) above, Employee agrees and understands that the Corporation may require Employee to repay certain awards that have been granted under the Plan, as is more fully set forth in paragraph 4 below.

(e) Governing Law. The restrictions set forth in provisions of paragraph 3 will be governed by, construed, interpreted, and their validity determined, under the law of the State of Delaware.

4. Forfeiture and Repayment Provisions.

(a) Termination of Employment. Except as provided in this paragraph 4(a) and in paragraph 8 below, or as otherwise may be determined by the Board, if Employee ceases to be an Employee of the Corporation or any of its Affiliates for any reason, all Units which at the time of such termination of employment are subject to the restrictions imposed by paragraph 2 above shall upon such termination of employment be forfeited and returned to the Corporation. Except as otherwise specifically determined by the Human Resources Committee of the Board (the “Committee”) in its absolute discretion on a case by case basis, if twelve or more months have passed since the Award Date and (i) Employee is terminated by the Corporation or any of its Affiliates for any reason (other than for Cause, as defined below, or for failure to meet performance expectations, as determined by the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation), or (ii) Employee ceases to be an employee of the Corporation or any of its Affiliates by reason of death or total or partial disability, or (iii) Employee ceases to be an employee of the Corporation or any of its Affiliates by reason of normal or early retirement, then full ownership of the Units will occur to the extent not previously earned, upon lapse of the Restriction Period as set forth in paragraph 2 above, and dividends equivalents will be paid through such period, in each case on a pro-rata basis, calculated based on the percentage of time such Employee was employed by the Corporation or any of its Affiliates from the Award Date through the date Employee ceases to be an employee of the Corporation or any of its Affiliates; provided in every case, that Employee, upon request of the Corporation, shall execute a Separation Agreement and Release in connection with termination of his or her employment, such agreement to be in form and substance satisfactory to the Corporation in its absolute discretion. As used herein, the term "Cause" means (1) the conviction of a participant for committing a felony under federal law or the law of the state in which such action occurred, (2) dishonesty in the course of fulfilling a participant's employment duties or (3) willful

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and deliberate failure on the part of a participant to perform his employment duties in any material respect, or such other events as will be determined by the Committee. The Committee will have the sole discretion to determine whether “Cause” exists, and its determination will be final.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no vesting or ownership of Units shall occur following termination of employment for any reason unless Employee, upon request of the Corporation, shall execute a Separation Agreement and Release in connection with such termination of employment, such agreement to be in form and substance satisfactory to the Corporation in its absolute discretion.

(b) Violations of Paragraph 3(a), 3(b) and/or 3(c).

(i) In addition to any other remedy at law or in equity, all Units subject to the restrictions imposed by paragraph 2 above shall be forfeited and returned to the Corporation, if Employee engages in any conduct agreed to be avoided pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 3(a), 3(b) and/or 3(c) at any time within eighteen (18) months following the date of Employee's termination of employment with the Corporation or any of its Affiliates.

(ii) In addition to any other remedy, at law or in equity, if, at any time within eighteen (18) months following the date of Employee's termination of employment with the Corporation or any of its Affiliates, Employee engages in any conduct agreed to be avoided pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 3(a), 3(b) and/or 3(c), then all payments (without regard to tax effects) received directly or indirectly by Employee with respect to the Units which vest during the two (2) year period prior to Employee's termination from employment shall be paid by Employee to the Corporation. Employee consents to the deduction from any amounts the Corporation or any of its Affiliates owes to Employee to the extent of the amounts Employee owes the Corporation hereunder.

(c) Misconduct. Unless a Change in Control shall have occurred after the date hereof:

(i) All payments (without regard to tax effects) received directly or indirectly by Employee with respect to the Units shall be paid by Employee to the Corporation, if the Corporation reasonably determines that during Employee's employment with the Corporation or any of its Affiliates:

(1) Employee knowingly or grossly negligently engaged in misconduct that causes a misstatement of the financial statements of Viad or any of its Affiliates or misconduct which represents a material violation of any code of ethics of the Corporation applicable to Employee or of the Always Honest compliance program or similar program of the Corporation; or

(2) Employee was aware of and failed to report, as required by any code of ethics of the Corporation applicable to Employee or by the Always Honest compliance program or similar program of the Corporation, misconduct that causes a misstatement of the financial statements of the Corporation or any of its Affiliates or misconduct which represents a

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material knowing violation of any code of ethics of the Corporation applicable to Employee or of the Always Honest compliance program or similar program of the Corporation.

(ii) Employee consents to the deduction from any amounts the Corporation or any of its Affiliates owes to Employee to the extent of the amounts Employee owes the Corporation under this paragraph 4(c).

(d) Acts Contrary to Corporation. Unless a Change in Control shall have occurred after the date hereof, if the Corporation reasonably determines that at any time within two (2) years after the lapse of the Restriction Period Employee has acted significantly contrary to the best interests of the Corporation, including, but not limited to, any direct or indirect intentional disparagement of the Corporation, then all payments (without regard to tax effects) received directly or indirectly by Employee with respect to the Units which vest during the two (2) year period prior to the Corporation's determination shall be paid by Employee to the Corporation. Employee consents to the deduction from any amounts the Corporation or any of its Affiliates owes to Employee to the extent of the amounts Employee owes the Corporation under this paragraph 4(d).

(e) The Corporation’s reasonable determination required under paragraphs 4(c)(i) and 4(d) above shall be made by the Committee, in the case of executive officers of the Corporation, and by the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, in the case of all other officers and employees.

5. Employee's Rights; Dividend Equivalents.

(a)The Units will not have voting or other rights uniquely associated with common stock.

(b)Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation hereby grants to Employee an award of dividend equivalents (pursuant to Section 14 of the Plan) as to the Units with respect to each dividend and distribution in cash, Shares or other property which is paid to all or substantially all holders of outstanding Shares and that has a record date between the Award Date and the date when a vested Unit is distributed or paid to Employee or is forfeited or expires (the “Dividend Equivalents Period”).

(i) Employee will be credited with dividend equivalents in an amount equal to (A) the aggregate dividends paid per Share by the Corporation with a record date that occurs during the Dividend Equivalents Period, multiplied by (B) the number of Units outstanding hereunder of the applicable dividend record date.

(ii) The dollar amount determined pursuant to paragraph 5(b)(i) will be credited to an account (the “Account”) established for Employee for bookkeeping purposes only on the books of the Corporation. The balance in the Account will be subject to the same terms and conditions regarding payment and forfeiture as the Units subject to the Award granted hereunder and will be paid in cash at the time that any Shares associated with the Units are delivered (or forfeited at the time that the Units are forfeited).

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(iii) Any dividend equivalents granted in connection with the Units issued hereunder, and any amounts that may become distributable in respect thereof, shall be treated separately from such Units and the rights arising in connection therewith for purposes of the designation of time and form of payments required by Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

6. Expiration of Restriction Period.

(a)Upon the lapse or expiration of the Restriction Period with respect to any Units, the Corporation shall promptly pay Employee a number of shares of Viad common stock equal to the number of Units that vest on the applicable vesting date.

(b)Subject to an applicable insider trading policy, Employee may satisfy any tax withholding requirement by electing to have the Corporation withhold shares of the Corporation’s common stock having a Fair Market Value on the date the tax is to be determined equal to the tax withholding requirement.

7. Adjustments for Changes in Capitalization of Corporation. In the event of a change in the Corporation’s common stock through stock dividends, stock splits, recapitalization or other changes in the corporate structure of the Corporation during the Restriction Period, the number of Units subject to restrictions as set forth herein shall be appropriately adjusted and the determination of the Board as to any such adjustments shall be final, conclusive and binding upon Employee. Any Units or other securities received, as a result of the foregoing, by Employee with respect to Units subject to the restrictions contained in paragraph 2 above also shall be subject to such restrictions.

8. Effect of Change in Control. In the event of a Change in Control, the Restriction Period shall lapse and the Units shall be free of all restrictions and become fully vested and transferable to the full extent of the original grant.

9. Plan and Plan Interpretations as Controlling. The Units hereby awarded and the terms and conditions herein set forth are subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the Plan, which are controlling. The Plan provides that the Committee may from time to time make changes therein, interpret it and establish regulations for the administration thereof. Employee, by acceptance of this Agreement, agrees to be bound by said Plan and such Committee actions.

10. Compliance with Law. Units may not be issued hereunder, or delivered or redelivered, whenever such issuance, delivery or redelivery would be contrary to law or the regulations of any governmental authority having jurisdiction.

11. Compliance with or exemption from Code Section 409A. Notwithstanding any other term of this Agreement to the contrary, this Agreement is intended to satisfy or otherwise be exempt from the requirements of Section 409A of the Code (“Section 409A”). To the extent that any payment pursuant to this Agreement is or becomes subject to Section 409A it shall be paid in accordance with the requirements of Section 409A and no deferral or acceleration of payment

(RS) 6

inconsistent with Section 409A shall be permitted. Any payment subject to Section 409A due to a separation from service shall be delayed for a six-month period if payable to a “Key Employee” (as defined below). Employee shall have no ability to designate the taxable year of payment. Payments made due to a Change in Control shall be made within 30 days of the Change in Control and Employee shall have no discretion to designate the taxable year of receipt. To the extent that any provision of this Agreement fails to satisfy the requirements of, or be exempt from Section 409A, the provision shall be automatically modified in a manner that, in the good faith opinion of the Corporation, brings the provision into compliance with Section 409A while preserving as closely as possible the original intent of this Agreement. “Key Employee” means an Executive considered a key employee for the 12-month period commencing on April 1 of the year following the 12-month period ending on December 31 of the preceding year during which the Executive met the requirements of Section 416 of the Code as applied under Section 409A.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Restricted Stock Units Agreement to be duly executed.

Dated effective May 26, 2022 VIAD CORP

 

By:

Steve Moster

Chief Executive Officer

ATTEST:

This Restricted Stock Units Agreement shall be effective only upon execution by Employee and delivery to and receipt by the Corporation.

ACCEPTED:

Employee

(RS) 7

EX-10

Exhibit 10.B11

2017 VIAD CORP OMNIBUS INCENTIVE PLAN

RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS AGREEMENT

For Short-Term Vesting Awards

(Effective as of February 23, 2021)

Restricted Stock Units (“Units”) are hereby awarded by Viad Corp (“Company”), a Delaware corporation, effective [DATE], to [NAME] (“Employee”) in accordance with the following terms and conditions:

1. Unit Award.The Corporation hereby awards the Employee [Number] Units pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan (Plan), subject to the terms, conditions, and restrictions of such Plan and as hereinafter set forth.

2. Restrictions on Transfer and Restriction Period.

(a) The Award and Units granted hereunder will commence vesting on [DATE], in accordance with the following vesting schedule: in three equal tranches on each of [DATES] (each, a “Vesting Date”), subject to the terms of this Agreement. During this period (the “Restriction Period”), the Units that remain unvested may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, or otherwise encumbered by the Employee, except as hereinafter provided. The Restriction Period shall lapse, and full ownership of Units will vest at the end of the Restriction Period, subject to forfeiture and repayment pursuant to paragraph 3.

(b) The Board of Directors (“Board”) shall have the authority, in its discretion, to accelerate the time at which any or all of the restrictions shall lapse with respect to any Units, prior to the expiration of the Restriction Period with respect thereto, or to remove any or all of such restrictions, whenever the Board may determine that such action is appropriate by reason of change in applicable tax or other law, or other change in circumstances.

3. Forfeiture and Repayment Provisions.

(a) Termination of Employment.Except as provided in paragraph 8 below, or as otherwise may be determined by the Board, if the Employee ceases to be an Employee of the Company or any of its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) for any reason, all Units which at the time of such termination of employment are subject to the restrictions imposed by paragraph 2 above shall upon such termination of employment be forfeited and returned to the Company.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no vesting or ownership of Units shall occur following termination of employment for any reason unless Employee, upon request of the Company, shall execute a Separation Agreement and Release in connection with such termination of employment, such agreement to be in form and substance satisfactory to the Company in its absolute discretion.

(b) Misconduct. Unless a Change of Control shall have occurred after the date hereof:

(i) All payments (without regard to tax effects) received directly or indirectly by Employee with respect to the Units shall be paid by Employee to the Company, if the Company reasonably determines that during Employee's employment with the Company or any of its Affiliates:

(1) Employee knowingly or grossly negligently engaged in misconduct that causes a misstatement of the financial statements of Viad or any of its Affiliates or misconduct which represents a material violation of any code of ethics of the Company applicable to Employee or of the Always Honest compliance program or similar program of the Company; or

(2) Employee was aware of and failed to report, as required by any code of ethics of the Company applicable to Employee or by the Always Honest compliance program or similar program of the Company, misconduct that causes a misstatement of the financial statements of Viad or any of its Affiliates or misconduct which represents a material knowing violation of any code of ethics of the Company applicable to Employee or of the Always Honest compliance program or similar program of the Company.

(ii) Employee consents to the deduction from any amounts the Company or any of its Affiliates owes to Employee to the extent of the amounts Employee owes the Company under this paragraph 3(b).

(c) The Company’s reasonable determination required under paragraph 3(b)(i) above shall be made by the Human Resources Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, in the case of executive officers of the Company, and by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, in the case of all other officers and employees.

4. Employee's Rights.The Units will not have voting or other rights uniquely associated with common stock.

5. Expiration of Restriction Period.

(a)Upon the lapse or expiration of the Restriction Period with respect to any Units, the Company shall promptly pay Employee a number of shares of Viad common stock equal to the number of Units that vest on the applicable vesting date.

(b)Subject to an applicable insider trading policy, Employee may satisfy any tax withholding requirement by electing to have the Company withhold shares of the Company’s common stock having a Fair Market Value on the date the tax is to be determined equal to the tax withholding requirement.

6. Adjustments for Changes in Capitalization of Company.In the event of a change in the Company’s common stock through stock dividends, stock splits, recapitalization or other changes in the corporate structure of the Company during the Restriction Period, the number of

Units subject to restrictions as set forth herein shall be appropriately adjusted and the determination of the Board of Directors of the Company as to any such adjustments shall be final, conclusive and binding upon the Employee. Any Units or other securities received, as a result of the foregoing, by the Employee with respect to Units subject to the restrictions contained in paragraph 2 above also shall be subject to such restrictions.

7. Effect of Change in Control.In the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan), the Restriction Period shall lapse, and the Units shall be free of all restrictions and become fully vested and transferable to the full extent of the original grant.

8. Plan and Plan Interpretations as Controlling.The Units hereby awarded and the terms and conditions herein set forth are subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the Plan, which are controlling. The Plan provides that the Human Resources Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors may from time to time make changes therein, interpret it and establish regulations for the administration thereof. The Employee, by acceptance of this Agreement, agrees to be bound by said Plan and such Committee actions.

9. Compliance with Law. Units may not be issued hereunder, or delivered or redelivered, whenever such issuance, delivery or redelivery would be contrary to law or the regulations of any governmental authority having jurisdiction.

10. Compliance with or exemption from Code Section 409A. Notwithstanding any other term of this Agreement to the contrary, this Agreement is intended to satisfy or otherwise be exempt from the requirements of Section 409A. To the extent that any payment pursuant to this Agreement is or becomes subject to Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code it shall be paid in accordance with the requirements of Section 409A and no deferral or acceleration of payment inconsistent with Section 409A shall be permitted. Any payment subject to Section 409A due to a separation from service shall be delayed for a six month period if payable to a “Key Employee” (as defined below). The Employee shall have no ability to designate the taxable year of payment. Payments made due to a Change in Control shall be made within 30 days of the Change in Control and the Employee shall have no discretion to designate the taxable year of receipt. To the extent that any provision of this Agreement fails to satisfy the requirements of, or be exempt from Section 409A, the provision shall be automatically modified in a manner that, in the good faith opinion of the Company, brings the provision into compliance with Section 409A while preserving as closely as possible the original intent of this Agreement. “Key Employee” means an Executive considered a key employee for the 12-month period commencing on April 1 of the year following the 12-month period ending on December 31 of the preceding year during which the Executive met the requirements of Internal Revenue Code Section 416 as applied under Section 409A.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Restricted Stock Units Agreement to be duly executed.

Dated effective [DATE]. VIAD CORP

By:

Steven W. Moster

This Restricted Stock Units Agreement shall be effective only upon execution by Employee and delivery to and receipt by the Company.

ACCEPTED:

Employee

EX-10

Exhibit 10.B9

2017 VIAD CORP OMNIBUS INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN

STOCK OPTION GRANT NOTICE

Viad Corp, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) has granted to the participant listed below (“Participant”) the stock option (the “Option”) described in this Stock Option Grant Notice (the “Grant Notice”), subject to the terms and conditions of the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Award Plan (as amended from time to time, the “Plan”) and the Stock Option Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Agreement”), both of which are incorporated into this Grant Notice by reference. Capitalized terms not specifically defined in this Grant Notice or the Agreement have the meanings given to them in the Plan.

Participant:	[NAME]
Grant Date:	[DATE]
Exercise Price per Share:	$[PRICE]
Shares Subject to the Option:	[SHARES]
Final Expiration Date:	[DATE]
Vesting Commencement Date:	[DATE]
Vesting Schedule:	[ADJUST AS NEEDED] The Option shall vest and become exercisable (i) with respect to 50% of the Shares subject to the Option on the first anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date, and (ii) thereafter, with respect to the remaining 50% of the Shares subject to the Option on the second anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date, subject to the terms of the Agreement.
Type of Option	Non-Qualified Stock Option

By accepting (whether in writing, electronically or otherwise) the Option, Participant agrees to be bound by the terms of this Grant Notice, the Plan and the Agreement (including Exhibit B). Participant has reviewed the Plan, this Grant Notice and the Agreement in their entirety, has had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this Grant Notice and fully understands all provisions of the Plan, this Grant Notice and the Agreement. Participant hereby agrees to accept as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Administrator upon any questions arising under the Plan, this Grant Notice or the Agreement.

VIAD CORP	PARTICIPANT
By:
Name:	[NAME]
Title:

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EXHIBIT A

STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT

Capitalized terms not specifically defined in this Agreement have the meanings specified in the Grant Notice or, if not defined in the Grant Notice, in the Plan.

ARTICLE I.
GENERAL

1.1Grant of Option. The Company has granted to Participant the Option effective as of the grant date set forth in the Grant Notice (the “Grant Date”).

1.2Incorporation of Terms of Plan. The Option is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference. In the event of any inconsistency between the Plan and this Agreement, the terms of the Plan will control.

1.3Restrictive Covenants. The Option and the Shares issuable under this Option shall be subject to the provisions set forth on Exhibit B.

1.4Definitions.

(a)“Cause” shall have the meaning as is set forth in the Executive Severance Plan.

(b)“Disability” shall mean a permanent and total disability under Section 22(e)(3) of the Code.

(c)“Good Reason” shall have the meaning as is set forth in the Executive Severance Plan.

(d)“Executive Severance Plan” shall mean the Viad Corp Executive Severance Plan (Tier I), as amended from time to time.

ARTICLE II.
PERIOD OF EXERCISABILITY

2.1Commencement of Exercisability.

(a)The Option will vest and become exercisable according to the vesting schedule in the Grant Notice (the “Vesting Schedule”) except that any fraction of a Share as to which the Option would be vested or exercisable will be accumulated and will vest and become exercisable only when a whole Share has accumulated.

(b)In addition, notwithstanding Sections 17.2 or 17.3 of the Plan, the then-outstanding portion of the Option shall fully vest and become exercisable on an accelerated basis upon Participant’s termination of employment by the Company without Cause or by Participant for Good Reason and/or following a Change of Control. Any accelerated vesting and exercisability with respect to the Option in

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connection with a termination of employment will be conditioned upon Participant’s timely execution and non-revocation of a separation agreement and release in a form prescribed by the Company.

(c)The Option will immediately expire and be forfeited as to any portion that is not vested and exercisable as of Participant’s termination of employment for any reason (after taking into consideration any accelerated vesting and exercisability which may occur in connection with such termination of employment) except as otherwise determined by the Committee or provided in a binding written agreement between Participant and the Company.

2.2Duration of Exercisability. The Vesting Schedule is cumulative. Any portion of the Option which vests and becomes exercisable will remain vested and exercisable until the Option expires. The Option will be forfeited immediately upon its expiration.

2.3Expiration of Option. The Option may not be exercised, in part or in full, to any extent by anyone after, and will expire on, the first of the following to occur:

(a)The final expiration date in the Grant Notice;

(b)Except as the Committee may otherwise approve, the expiration of three months from the date of Participant’s termination of employment for any reason other than for Cause or by reason of Participant’s death or Disability;

(c)Except as the Committee may otherwise approve, the expiration of one year from the date of Participant’s termination of employment by reason of Participant’s death or Disability; and

(d)Except as the Committee may otherwise approve, Participant’s termination of employment for Cause.

ARTICLE III.
EXERCISE OF OPTION

3.1Person Eligible to Exercise. During Participant’s lifetime, only Participant may exercise the Option. After Participant’s death, any exercisable portion of the Option may, prior to the time the Option expires, be exercised by Participant’s designated beneficiary as permitted under the Plan.

3.2Partial Exercise. Any exercisable portion of the Option or the entire Option, if then wholly exercisable, may be exercised, in whole or in part, according to the procedures in the Plan at any time prior to the time the Option or portion thereof expires, except that the Option may only be exercised for whole Shares.

3.3Tax Withholding; Exercise Price.

(a)Unless the Administrator otherwise determines, the Company shall withhold, or cause to be withheld, Shares otherwise vesting or issuable under this Option in satisfaction of any exercise price and/or applicable withholding tax obligations. With respect to tax withholding obligations, the number of Shares which may be so withheld or surrendered shall be limited to the number of Shares which have a fair market value on the date of withholding no greater than the aggregate amount of such liabilities based on the minimum individual statutory withholding rates in Participant’s applicable jurisdictions for federal, state, local and foreign income tax and payroll tax purposes that are applicable to such taxable income.

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(b)Participant acknowledges that Participant is ultimately liable and responsible for all taxes owed in connection with the Option, regardless of any action the Company or any Subsidiary takes with respect to any tax withholding obligations that arise in connection with the Option. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary makes any representation or undertaking regarding the treatment of any tax withholding in connection with the awarding, vesting or exercise of the Option or the subsequent sale of Shares. The Company and the Subsidiaries do not commit and are under no obligation to structure the Option to reduce or eliminate Participant’s tax liability.

ARTICLE IV.
OTHER PROVISIONS

4.1Adjustments. Participant acknowledges that the Option is subject to adjustment, modification and termination in certain events as provided in this Agreement and the Plan. Notwithstanding the generality of the foregoing, the Option shall be subject to Sections 4.5 or 18.3 of the Plan.

4.2Notices. Any notice to be given under the terms of this Agreement to the Company must be in writing and addressed to the Company in care of the Company’s Secretary at the Company’s principal office or the Secretary’s then-current email address or facsimile number. Any notice to be given under the terms of this Agreement to Participant must be in writing and addressed to Participant (or, if Participant is then deceased, to the designated beneficiary) at Participant’s last known mailing address, email address or facsimile number in the Company’s personnel files. By a notice given pursuant to this Section, either party may designate a different address for notices to be given to that party. Any notice will be deemed duly given when actually received, when sent by email, when sent by certified mail (return receipt requested) and deposited with postage prepaid in a post office or branch post office regularly maintained by the United States Postal Service, when delivered by a nationally recognized express shipping company or upon receipt of a facsimile transmission confirmation.

4.3Titles. Titles are provided herein for convenience only and are not to serve as a basis for interpretation or construction of this Agreement.

4.4Conformity to Securities Laws. Participant acknowledges that the Plan, the Grant Notice and this Agreement are intended to conform to the extent necessary with all applicable laws and, to the extent applicable laws permit, will be deemed amended as necessary to conform to applicable laws.

4.5Successors and Assigns. The Company may assign any of its rights under this Agreement to single or multiple assignees, and this Agreement will inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company. Subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Agreement or the Plan, this Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the heirs, legatees, legal representatives, successors and assigns of the parties hereto.

4.6Limitations Applicable to Section 16 Persons. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan or this Agreement, if Participant is subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, the Plan, the Grant Notice, this Agreement and the Option will be subject to any additional limitations set forth in any applicable exemptive rule under Section 16 of the Exchange Act (including any amendment to Rule 16b‑3) that are requirements for the application of such exemptive rule. To the extent applicable laws permit, this Agreement will be deemed amended as necessary to conform to such applicable exemptive rule.

4.7Entire Agreement. The Plan, the Grant Notice and this Agreement (including any exhibit hereto) constitute the entire agreement of the parties and supersede in their entirety all prior undertakings and agreements of the Company and Participant with respect to the subject matter hereof.

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4.8Agreement Severable. In the event that any provision of the Grant Notice or this Agreement is held illegal or invalid, the provision will be severable from, and the illegality or invalidity of the provision will not be construed to have any effect on, the remaining provisions of the Grant Notice or this Agreement.

4.9Limitation on Participant’s Rights. Participation in the Plan confers no rights or interests other than as herein provided. This Agreement creates only a contractual obligation on the part of the Company as to amounts payable and may not be construed as creating a trust. Neither the Plan nor any underlying program, in and of itself, has any assets. Participant will have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor of the Company with respect to amounts credited and benefits payable, if any, with respect to the Option, and rights no greater than the right to receive the Shares as a general unsecured creditor with respect to the Option, as and when exercised pursuant to the terms hereof.

4.10Not a Contract of Employment. Nothing in the Plan, the Grant Notice or this Agreement confers upon Participant any right to continue in the employ or service of the Company or any Subsidiary or interferes with or restricts in any way the rights of the Company and its Subsidiaries, which rights are hereby expressly reserved, to discharge or terminate the services of Participant at any time for any reason whatsoever, with or without Cause, except to the extent expressly provided otherwise in a written agreement between the Company or a Subsidiary and Participant.

4.11Counterparts. The Grant Notice may be executed in one or more counterparts, including by way of any electronic signature, subject to applicable law, each of which will be deemed an original and all of which together will constitute one instrument.

* * * * *

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B-0

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EXHIBIT B

RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS

(1)Restrictive Covenants. Unless a Change of Control shall have occurred after the date hereof, in order to better protect the goodwill of the Company and its Affiliates and to prevent the disclosure of the Company’s or its Affiliates’ trade secrets and confidential information and thereby help insure the long-term success of the business, Participant, without prior written consent of the Company, will not engage in certain conduct as outlined in this paragraph 1:

(a) Non-Competition. During Participant’s employment with the Company or any of its Affiliates, and for a period of twelve (12) months following termination of Participant’s employment with the Company or any of its Affiliates, Participant will not engage in any activity or provide any services, whether as a director, manager, supervisor, employee, adviser, agent, consultant, owner of more than five (5) percent of any enterprise or otherwise, in connection with the manufacture, development, advertising, promotion, design, or sale of any service or product which is the same as or similar to or competitive with any services or products of the Company or its Affiliates (including both existing services or products as well as services or products known to the Participant, as a consequence of Participant’s employment with the Company or one of its Affiliates, to be in development):

(i) with respect to which Participant’s work has been directly concerned at any time during the two (2) years preceding termination of employment with the Company or one of its Affiliates, or

(ii) with respect to which during that period of time Participant, as a consequence of Participant’s job performance and duties, acquired knowledge of trade secrets or other confidential information of the Company or its Affiliates. For purposes of the provisions of paragraph 1(a), it shall be conclusively presumed that Participant has knowledge of information he was directly exposed to through actual receipt or review of memos or documents containing such information, or through actual attendance at meetings at which such information was discussed or disclosed.

(b)Non-Solicitation of Customers. During Participant’s employment with the Company or any of its affiliates, and for a period of twelve (12) months following termination of Participant’s employment with the Company, Participant will not on behalf of any Competitor, solicit business from any Client of the Company that Participant serviced during Participant’s employment with the Company (the “Restricted Clients”). “Client” means any individual, person, business or entity that has consumed, obtained, retained and/or purchased any services or products offered or sold by the Company or any of its Affiliates during Participant’s employment, and any individual, person, business or entity or that has been solicited by Participant to consume, obtain, retain or purchase the services or products offered or sold by the Company or any of its affiliates. “Competitor”means any person or organization engaged (or about to become engaged) in research, development, marketing, selling, or servicing with respect to any product or service which is the same as, similar to, or competes with any product, process or service of the Company or its Affiliates (including both existing services or products as well as services or products known to the Participant, as a consequence of Participant’s employment with the Company or one of its Affiliates, to be in development).

(c) Non-Solicitation of Employees. During Participant’s employment with the Company and for twelve (12) months immediately following termination of such employment for any reason, Participant will not, on behalf of himself or herself, or on behalf of any other person, firm, corporation, or entity, directly or indirectly (a) solicit for employment, or otherwise seek to employ, retain,

B-1

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divert or take away any of the agents, representatives or employees of the Company with whom Participant had contact or about whom Participant had access to information in the course of Participant’s employment with the Company, (b) or in any other way assist or facilitate any such employment, solicitation or retention effort.

(d)Remedies. Participant understands and agrees that the Company’s remedy for violation of the restrictions contained in paragraphs 1(a), 1(b) and/or 1(c) above is not limited to a requirement that Participant repay any awards granted to Participant under the Plan. Rather, in the event Participant breaches the terms of the restrictive covenants contained in paragraphs 1(a), 1(b) and/or 1(c) above, the Company will be entitled to seek and obtain any or all of the following remedies against Participant:

(i) Injunctive Relief. In the event that Participant breaches, or the Company reasonably believes that Participant is about to breach, any of the covenants of paragraphs 1(a), 1(b) and/or 1(c) above, Participant recognizes that the Company will suffer immediate and irreparable harm and that money damages alone will not be adequate to compensate the Company or its Affiliates. Accordingly, Participant agrees that the Company will be entitled to temporary, preliminary and/or permanent injunctive relief enforcing the terms of paragraphs 1(a), 1(b) and/or 1(c) above.

(ii)Damages. In the event that Participant breaches any of the covenants of paragraphs 1(a), 1(b) and/or 1(c) above, Participant agrees that the Company will be entitled to compensatory damages in an amount necessary to compensate the Company for any harm that is not adequately redressed or prevented by injunctive relief.

(iii)Forfeiture and Repayment. In the event Participant breaches any of the covenants of paragraphs 1(a), 1(b) and/or 1(c) above, Participant agrees and understands that the Company may require Participant to repay certain awards that have been granted under the Plan, as is more fully set forth in paragraph 2 below.

(2)Forfeiture and Repayment Provisions.

(a) Violations of Paragraph 1(a), 1(b) and/or 1(c).

(i) In addition to any other remedy at law or in equity, the Option, to the extent outstanding, shall be forfeited and returned to the Company, if Participant engages in any conduct agreed to be avoided pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1(a), 2(b) and/or 3(c) at any time within twelve (12) months following the date of Participant’s termination of employment with the Company or any of its Affiliates.

(b) Misconduct. Unless a Change of Control shall have occurred after the date hereof:

(i) All payments (without regard to tax effects) received directly or indirectly by Participant with respect to the Option shall be paid by Participant to the Company, if the Company reasonably determines that during Participant’s employment with the Company or any of its Affiliates:

(1) Participant knowingly or grossly negligently engaged in misconduct that causes a misstatement of the financial statements of Viad or any of its Affiliates or misconduct which represents a material violation of any code of ethics of the Company applicable to Participant or of the Always Honest compliance program or similar program of the Company; or

B-2

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(2) Participant was aware of and failed to report, as required by any code of ethics of the Company applicable to Participant or by the Always Honest compliance program or similar program of the Company, misconduct that causes a misstatement of the financial statements of Viad or any of its Affiliates or misconduct which represents a material knowing violation of any code of ethics of the Company applicable to Participant or of the Always Honest compliance program or similar program of the Company.

(ii) Participant consents to the deduction from any amounts the Company or any of its Affiliates owes to Participant to the extent of the amounts Participant owes the Company under this paragraph 2(b).

(c) Acts Contrary to Company. Unless a Change of Control shall have occurred after the date hereof, if the Company reasonably determines that at any point at which the Option remains outstanding, Participant has acted significantly contrary to the best interests of the Company, including, but not limited to, any direct or indirect intentional disparagement of the Company, then all payments (without regard to tax effects) received directly or indirectly by Participant with respect to the Option prior to the Company's determination shall be paid by Participant to the Company. Participant consents to the deduction from any amounts the Company or any of its Affiliates owes to Participant to the extent of the amounts Participant owes the Company under this paragraph 2(c).

(d) The Company’s reasonable determination required under paragraphs 2(b)(i) and 2(c) above shall be made by the Committee, in the case of executive officers of the Company, and by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, in the case of all other officers and employees.

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EX-21

Exhibit 21

Viad Corp

Foreign and Domestic Subsidiaries

Company Name	Jurisdiction
2121885 Alberta Ltd.	Canada
2187587 Alberta Ltd.	Canada
2195137 Alberta Ltd.	Canada
Alaskan Park Properties, Inc.	Arizona
Banff Hospitality Residence Ltd.	Canada
Banff-Jasper Collection Holding Corp.	Canada
Banff Ribs Partnership	Canada
Blitz Communications Group Limited	United Kingdom
Blitz Communications Limited	United Kingdom
Brewster Inc.	Canada
Brewster Travel Canada Inc.	Canada
CATC Alaska Tourism Corporation	Alaska
Esja Attractions ehf.	Iceland
ESR Exposition Service, Inc.	New Jersey
Expo Accessories, Inc.	New York
Expo Display & Design, Inc.	New Jersey
Exposervice Polska Spzoo	Poland
FlyOver Attractions, Inc.	Delaware
FlyOver Canada, Inc.	Canada
Flyover Iceland ehf.	Iceland
FlyOver Las Vegas LLC	Delaware
FlyOver Vancouver, Inc	Canada
G E S Global Experience Specialists Carpentry L.L.C.	United Arab Emirates
GES Canada Limited	Canada
GES Event Intelligence AG	Switzerland
GES Event Intelligence B.V.	Netherlands
GES Event Intelligence Ltd.	United Kingdom
GES Event Intelligence Services Limited	United Kingdom
GES Event Intelligence Services, Inc.	Delaware
GES Global Experience Specialists Events L.L.C.	United Arab Emirates
GES Global Experience Specialists Freight Broker L.L.C.	United Arab Emirates
GES GmbH & Co. KG	Germany
GES Service Companies Limited	United Kingdom
GES Verwaltungs GmbH	Germany
Glacier Park, Inc.	Arizona
Glacier Raft Company	Montana
Global Experience Specialists (GES) Asia Limited	Hong Kong
Global Experience Specialists (GES) Exhibition Services L.L.C.	United Arab Emirates
Global Experience Specialists (GES) Holdings Ltd.	United Kingdom
Global Experience Specialists (GES) Limited	United Kingdom
Global Experience Specialists, Inc.	Nevada
Golden Skybridge Suspension Bridges & Park Ltd.	Canada
Melville Logistics GmbH	Germany
N200 Holding B.V.	Netherlands
ON Services - AV Specialists, Inc.	Delaware
onPeak LLC	Delaware
GES Event Intelligence S.R.L.	Romania
Pursuit Collection, Inc.	Delaware
Pursuit Iceland ehf	Iceland
Pursuit Investment Holdings, Inc.	Delaware

Saudi Global Experience Specialists for Preparing and Organizing Exhibitions	United Arab Emirates
Sawridge MPL Jasper LP	Canada
Sky Lagoon Ehf	Canada
Telecast Communications (Audio Visual) Limited	United Kingdom
Tradeshow Convention Services Inc.	Washington
Travel and Event Services, LLC	Delaware
Viad Holding GmbH	Germany
Viad Service Companies Limited	United Kingdom
VREC, Inc.	Delaware
Waterton Transport Company, Limited	Canada

EX-23

Exhibit 23

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-218682 and 333-265225 on Form S-8 of our reports dated February 28, 2023, relating to the financial statements of Viad Corp and subsidiaries and the effectiveness of Viad Corp and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Viad Corp for the year ended December 31, 2022.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Tempe, Arizona

February 28, 2023

EX-24

Exhibit 24

Power of Attorney

KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS, that each director whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Steven W. Moster and Ellen M. Ingersoll, and each of them severally, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Form 10-K Annual Report of Viad Corp for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or her substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Power of Attorney has been signed on this 22nd day of February 2023, by the following persons:

/s/ Beverly K. Carmichael	/s/ Virginia L. Henkels
Beverly K. Carmichael	Virginia L. Henkels
Director of Viad Corp	Director of Viad Corp
/s/ Brian P. Cassidy	/s/ Patrick T. LaValley
Brian P. Cassidy	Patrick T. LaValley
Director of Viad Corp	Director of Viad Corp
/s/ Denise M. Coll	/s/ Edward E. Mace
Denise M. Coll	Edward E. Mace
Director of Viad Corp	Director of Viad Corp
/s/ Richard H. Dozer	/s/ Joshua E. Schechter
Richard H. Dozer	Joshua E. Schechter
Director of Viad Corp	Director of Viad Corp

EX-31

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Steven W. Moster, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Viad Corp;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 28, 2023	By: /s/ Steven W. Moster
	Steven W. Moster
	President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Ellen M. Ingersoll, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Viad Corp;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 28, 2023	By: /s/ Ellen M. Ingersoll
	Ellen M. Ingersoll
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32.1

Certifications of

Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Steven W. Moster, Chief Executive Officer of Viad Corp, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that Viad Corp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in Viad Corp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, Viad Corp’s financial condition and results of operations.

Date: February 28, 2023	By: /s/ Steven W. Moster
	Steven W. Moster
	President and Chief Executive Officer

I, Ellen M. Ingersoll, Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that Viad Corp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in Viad Corp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, Viad Corp’s financial condition and results of operations.

Date: February 28, 2023	By: /s/ Ellen M. Ingersoll
	Ellen M. Ingersoll
	Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)
$ in Millions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Feb. 21, 2023

Jun. 30, 2022

Document Information [Line Items]

Entity Registrant Name

Viad Corp

Entity Central Index Key

0000884219

Document Type

10-K

Document Period End Date

Dec. 31, 2022

Amendment Flag

false

Document Fiscal Year Focus

2022

Document Fiscal Period Focus

FY

Current Fiscal Year End Date

--12-31

Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer

Yes

Entity Voluntary Filers

No

Entity Current Reporting Status

Yes

Entity Filer Category

Accelerated Filer

Entity Small Business

false

Entity Emerging Growth Company

false

Entity Shell Company

false

Entity Public Float

$ 551.6

Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding

20,740,318

Document Transition Report

false

Document Annual Report

true

Entity Tax Identification Number

36-1169950

Entity File Number

001-11015

Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code

DE

Entity Address, Address Line One

7000 East 1st Avenue

Entity Address, City or Town

Scottsdale

Entity Address, State or Province

AZ

Entity Address, Postal Zip Code

85251-4304

Auditor name

Deloitte & Touche LLP

Auditor firm Id

34

Auditor location

Tempe, AZ USA

City Area Code

602

Local Phone Number

207-1000

ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag

true

Entity Interactive Data Current

Yes

Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Viad Corp Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled for May 24, 2023, is incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report.

Common Stock

Document Information [Line Items]

Trading Symbol

VVI

Title of 12(b) Security

Common Stock, $1.50 Par Value

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

Junior Participating Preferred Stock

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

Preferred Stock Purchase Rights

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

No Trading Symbol Flag

true

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 59,719	$ 61,600
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $2,174 and $1,808 ,respectively	122,373	91,966
Inventories	10,785	8,581
Current contract costs	14,331	11,105
Prepaid insurance	13,370	10,284
Other current assets	18,977	14,080
Total current assets	239,555	197,616
Property and equipment, net	549,578	549,108
Other investments and assets	17,457	16,718
Operating lease right-of-use assets	102,777	95,915
Deferred income taxes	565	1,006
Goodwill	121,429	112,078
Other intangible assets, net	58,985	65,189
Total Assets	1,090,346	1,037,630
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	73,020	69,657
Contract liabilities	43,950	39,141
Accrued compensation	25,839	12,788
Operating lease obligations	13,463	12,451
Other current liabilities	41,653	28,289
Current portion of debt and finance obligations	13,192	12,800
Total current liabilities	211,117	175,126
Long-term debt and finance obligations	456,752	446,580
Pension and postretirement benefits	16,769	23,692
Long-term operating lease obligations	101,297	93,406
Other deferred items and liabilities	70,024	68,953
Total liabilities	855,959	807,757
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	4,956	5,444
Viad Corp stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1.50 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 24,934,981 shares issued and outstanding	37,402	37,402
Additional capital	570,271	566,741
Accumulated deficit	(334,301)	(349,720)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(47,185)	(27,429)
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 4,216,044 and 4,381,606 shares, respectively	(211,657)	(220,712)
Total Viad stockholders’ equity	14,530	6,282
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest	82,310	85,556
Total stockholders’ equity	96,840	91,838
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity, and Stockholders’ Equity	1,090,346	1,037,630
Convertible Series A Preferred Stock
Current liabilities
Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 180,000 shares authorized, 135,000 shares issued and outstanding	$ 132,591	$ 132,591

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 2,174	$ 1,808
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	5,000,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	141,827
Common stock, par value	$ 1.50	$ 1.50
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	24,934,981	24,934,981
Common stock, shares outstanding	24,934,981	24,934,981
Treasury stock, shares	4,216,044	4,381,606
Convertible Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock, Par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	180,000	180,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued	135,000	135,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	135,000	135,000

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue:
Total revenue		$ 1,127,311	$ 507,340	$ 415,435
Costs and expenses:
Corporate activities		13,418	11,689	8,687
Gain on sale of ON Services		(19,637)	0	0
Interest expense		34,891	28,324	17,887
Other expense, net		2,077	2,070	1,594
Restructuring charges		3,059	6,066	13,440
Impairment charges		583	0	203,076
Total costs and expenses		1,092,691	602,421	776,294
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		34,620	(95,081)	(360,859)
Income tax expense (benefit)		9,973	(1,788)	14,246
Income (loss) from continuing operations		24,647	(93,293)	(375,105)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations		148	558	(1,847)
Net income (loss)		24,795	(92,735)	(376,952)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		(2,323)	(1,686)	1,376
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		748	1,766	1,482
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad		$ 23,220	$ (92,655)	$ (374,094)
Diluted income (loss) per common share:
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders		$ 0.52	$ (5.04)	$ (18.55)
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders		0.01	0.03	(0.09)
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	[1]	$ 0.53	$ (5.01)	$ (18.64)
Weighted-average outstanding and potentially dilutive common shares		20,812	20,411	20,279
Basic income (loss) per common share:
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders		$ 0.53	$ (5.04)	$ (18.55)
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders		0.01	0.03	(0.09)
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders		$ 0.54	$ (5.01)	$ (18.64)
Weighted-average outstanding common shares		20,589	20,411	20,279
Dividends declared per common share		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0.10
Amounts attributable to Viad common stockholders
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Viad		$ 23,072	$ (93,213)	$ (372,247)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations		148	558	(1,847)
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad		23,220	(92,655)	(374,094)
Net income (loss)		23,220	(92,655)	(374,094)
Services
Revenue:
Total revenue		912,040	401,142	351,528
Costs and expenses:
Costs and expenses		857,760	440,383	457,827
Products
Revenue:
Total revenue		215,271	106,198	63,907
Costs and expenses:
Costs and expenses		$ 200,540	$ 113,889	$ 73,783

[1] Diluted loss per share amount cannot exceed basic loss per share.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 24,795	$ (92,735)	$ (376,952)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments	(26,821)	524	7,113
Change in net actuarial loss, net of tax effects of $192, $210, and $(55)	6,967	2,712	(1,955)
Change in prior service cost, net of tax effects of $0, $0, and $(46)	98	(24)	(100)
Comprehensive income (loss)	5,039	(89,523)	(371,894)
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest:
Net (income) loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest	(2,323)	(1,686)	1,376
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments	(4,999)	127	1,315
Redeemable noncontrolling interest:
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	748	1,766	1,482
Comprehensive loss attributable to Viad	$ (1,535)	$ (89,316)	$ (367,721)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Amortization of net actuarial loss, tax effects	$ 192	$ 210	$ (55)
Amortization of prior service cost, tax effects	$ 0	$ 0	$ (46)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND MEZZANINE EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Capital	Retained Earnings (Deficit)	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Common Stock in Treasury	Total Viad Equity	Non-Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest	Mezzanine Equity Redeemable Non Controlling Interest	Convertible Series A Preferred Stock
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 547,229	$ 37,402	$ 574,473	$ 122,971	$ (35,699)	$ (231,649)	$ 467,498	$ 79,731	$ 6,172
Increase Decrease In Stockholders' Equity Roll Forward
Net income (loss)	(375,470)			(374,094)			(374,094)	(1,376)	(1,482)
Dividends on common stock	(2,038)			(2,038)			(2,038)
Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock										$ 125,763
Dividends on convertible preferred stock	(3,006)		(3,006)				(3,006)			3,006
Capital contributions (distributions) to (from) noncontrolling interest	(1,526)							(1,526)
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld	(1,688)					(1,688)	(1,688)
Common stock purchased for treasury	(2,785)					(2,785)	(2,785)
Employee benefit plans	2,479		(7,901)			10,380	2,479
Share-based compensation - equity awards	4,444		4,444				4,444
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment	8,428				7,113		7,113	1,315	(390)
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax	(1,955)				(1,955)		(1,955)
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax	(100)				(100)		(100)
Other, net	87		90	(3)			87		925
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	174,099	37,402	568,100	(253,164)	(30,641)	(225,742)	95,955	78,144	5,225	128,769
Increase Decrease In Stockholders' Equity Roll Forward
Net income (loss)	(90,969)			(92,655)			(92,655)	1,686	(1,766)
Dividends on convertible preferred stock	(7,721)		(3,821)	(3,900)			(7,721)			3,821
Capital contributions (distributions) to (from) noncontrolling interest	(1,160)							(1,160)	341
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld	(652)					(652)	(652)
Employee benefit plans	1,226		(4,456)			5,682	1,226
Share-based compensation - equity awards	7,562		7,562				7,562
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment	651				524		524	127	(153)
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax	2,712				2,712		2,712
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax	(24)				(24)		(24)
Acquisitions	6,759							6,759
Other, net	(645)		(644)	(1)			(645)		1,797	1
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	91,838	37,402	566,741	(349,720)	(27,429)	(220,712)	6,282	85,556	5,444	132,591
Increase Decrease In Stockholders' Equity Roll Forward
Net income (loss)	25,543			23,220			23,220	2,323	(748)
Dividends on common stock	(7,801)			(7,801)			(7,801)
Capital contributions (distributions) to (from) noncontrolling interest	(570)							(570)
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld	(355)					(355)	(355)
Employee benefit plans	2,444		(6,967)			9,411	2,444
Share-based compensation - equity awards	10,544		10,544				10,544
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment	(31,820)				(26,821)		(26,821)	(4,999)	(503)
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax	6,967				6,967		6,967
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax	98				98		98
Other, net	(48)		(47)			(1)	(48)		763
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 96,840	$ 37,402	$ 570,271	$ (334,301)	$ (47,185)	$ (211,657)	$ 14,530	$ 82,310	$ 4,956	$ 132,591

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND MEZZANINE EQUITY (Parenthetical)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 $ / shares
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends on common stock per share	$ 0.10

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ 24,795	$ (92,735)	$ (376,952)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	52,483	53,750	56,565
Deferred income taxes	1,820	6,012	15,097
(Income) loss from discontinued operations	(148)	(558)	1,847
Restructuring charges	3,059	6,066	13,440
Impairment charges	583	0	203,076
Gains on dispositions of property and other assets	(272)	(9,374)	(14,935)
Gain on disposition of ON Services	(19,637)	0	0
Share-based compensation expense	10,241	7,727	2,653
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	0	57	462
Other non-cash items, net	12,843	5,318	8,056
Change in operating assets and liabilities (excluding the impact of acquisitions):
Receivables	(39,402)	(75,450)	106,082
Inventories	(2,587)	129	8,644
Current contract costs	(4,651)	(3,284)	16,279
Accounts payable	7,756	46,694	(88,251)
Restructuring liabilities	(2,735)	(5,923)	(7,427)
Accrued compensation	11,321	4,221	(26,375)
Contract liabilities	5,607	20,881	(31,585)
Income taxes payable	7,147	1,003	770
Other assets and liabilities, net	5,208	(2,386)	32,306
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	73,431	(37,852)	(80,248)
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures	(67,170)	(57,936)	(53,567)
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	0	0	24,767
Cash paid for acquisitions, net	(25,494)	(8,227)	0
Proceeds from sale of ON Services	28,926	0	0
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets	470	14,360	22,027
Net cash used in investing activities	(63,268)	(51,803)	(6,773)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings	107,580	461,322	225,422
Payments on debt and finance lease obligations	(103,491)	(345,297)	(275,327)
Dividends paid on common stock	0	0	(4,064)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	(7,801)	(3,900)	0
Distributions to noncontrolling interest, net of contributions from noncontrolling interest	(570)	(843)	(1,526)
Payments of debt issuance costs	(418)	(1,767)	(1,585)
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld or repurchased	(1,428)	(1,626)	(1,688)
Common stock purchased for treasury	0	0	(2,785)
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, net of issuance costs	0	0	125,763
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	0	0	2,077
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(6,128)	107,889	66,287
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(3,774)	4,098	701
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	261	22,332	(20,033)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year	64,303	41,971	62,004
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year	$ 64,564	$ 64,303	$ 41,971

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Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1. Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Viad and its subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant intercompany account balances and transactions in consolidation.

Nature of Business

We are a leading global provider of extraordinary experiences, including hospitality and leisure activities, experiential marketing, and live events.

We operate through three reportable segments: Pursuit, Spiro, and GES Exhibitions.

During the first quarter of 2022, we rebranded GES’ brand experiences business and introduced Spiro to the market to accelerate our growth by servicing the changing needs of today’s brand marketers across a broader spectrum of their experiential marketing needs. Spiro and GES Exhibitions are both live event businesses and are collectively referred to as “GES.”

Pursuit

Pursuit is a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences that includes recreational attractions, unique hotels and lodges, food and beverage, retail, sightseeing, and ground transportation services. Pursuit comprises the Banff Jasper Collection, the Alaska Collection, the Glacier Park Collection, FlyOver, and Sky Lagoon.

Spiro

Spiro is an experiential marketing agency that partners with leading brands around the world to manage and elevate their global experiential marketing activities.

GES Exhibitions

GES Exhibitions is a global exhibition services company that partners with leading exhibition and conference organizers as a full-service provider of strategic and logistics solutions to manage the complexity of their shows.

Impact of COVID-19 and Macroeconomic Factors

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the economies of countries in which we operate, including supply chain and labor challenges, and the ability of guests to travel from certain countries. However, during 2022 international tourism and live event activity continued to improve and demand for our products and services remained strong. It is not currently possible to estimate the duration and continued evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore no assurance can be given that an extended period of global economic disruption would not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations in future periods.

During 2022, changes in macroeconomic facts and circumstances, particularly high inflation and the resulting rise in interest rates, has increased our interest expense. The additional impacts of these macroeconomic developments on our operations cannot be predicted with certainty, but could have adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations in future periods.

Reclassifications

During the first quarter of 2022, we changed our segment reporting as a result of operational changes and how our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews the financial performance of GES and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. As a result, we changed the presentation of certain items in GES’ disaggregation of revenue and reportable segments. Refer to Note 2 – Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities and Note 23 – Segment Information for additional information. We reclassified certain prior-year amounts to conform to current-period presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on our results of operations or cash flows.

Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things: impairment

testing of recorded goodwill and intangible assets and long-lived assets; allowances for uncollectible accounts receivable; sales reserve allowances; provisions for income taxes, including uncertain tax positions; valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets; liabilities for losses related to self-insured liability claims; liabilities for losses related to environmental remediation obligations; sublease income associated with restructuring liabilities; pension and postretirement benefit costs and obligations; share-based compensation costs; the discount rates used to value lease obligations; the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests; and the allocation of purchase price of acquired businesses. These estimates and assumptions may change as a result of the impact of global economic conditions, such as the uncertainty regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, global inflationary pressures, and volatility in foreign exchange rates. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash equivalents are highly-liquid investments with remaining maturities when purchased of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and bank demand deposits. Restricted cash represents collateral required for surety bonds, bank guarantees, letters of credit, and corporate credit cards.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	59,719	$	61,600
Restricted cash included in other current assets		4,845		2,703
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	64,564	$	64,303

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

Allowances for doubtful accounts reflect the best estimate of expected losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The allowances for doubtful accounts, including a sales allowance for discounts at the time of sale, are based upon an evaluation of the aging of receivables, historical trends, and the current economic environment.

Inventories

We state inventories, which consist primarily of exhibit design and construction materials and supplies, as well as retail inventory, at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out and specific identification methods) or net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets: buildings, 15 to 40 years; equipment, 3 to 12 years; and leasehold improvements, over the shorter of the lease term or useful life. Property and equipment are tested for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable through undiscounted cash flows.

Leases

We recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the balance sheet and classify leases as either finance or operating leases. The classification of the lease determines whether we recognize the lease expense on an effective interest method basis (finance lease) or on a straight-line basis (operating lease) over the lease term. In determining whether an agreement contains a lease, we consider if we have a right to control the use of the underlying asset during the lease term in exchange for an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities at commencement date, which is when the underlying asset is available for use to a lessee, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

Our operating and finance leases are primarily facility, equipment, and land leases. Our facility leases comprise mainly manufacturing facilities, sales and design facilities, offices, storage and/or warehouses, and truck marshaling yards for our GES business. These facility leases have lease terms ranging up to 29 years. Our equipment leases comprise mainly vehicles, hardware, and office equipment, each with various lease terms. Our land leases comprise mainly leases in Canada and Iceland on which our Pursuit hotels or attractions are located and have lease terms ranging up to 46 years.

If a lease contains a renewal option that is reasonably certain to be exercised, then the lease term includes the optional periods in measuring a ROU asset and lease liability. We evaluate the reasonably certain threshold at lease commencement, and it is typically met if we identify substantial economic incentives or termination penalties. We do not include variable leases and variable non-lease components in the calculation of the ROU asset and corresponding lease liability. For facility leases, variable lease costs include the

costs of common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance for which we pay our lessors an estimate that is adjusted to actual expense on a quarterly or annual basis depending on the underlying contract terms. We expense these variable lease payments as incurred. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

Substantially all of our lease agreements do not specify an implicit borrowing rate, and as such, we utilize an incremental borrowing rate based on lease term and country in order to calculate the present value of our future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents a risk-adjusted rate on a collateralized basis and is the expected rate at which we would borrow funds to satisfy the scheduled lease liability payment streams commensurate with the lease term and the country.

We are also a lessor to third party tenants who either lease certain portions of facilities that we own or sublease certain portions of facilities that we lease. We record lease income from owned facilities as rental income and we record sublease income from leased facilities as an offset to lease expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We classify all of our leases for which we are the lessor as operating leases.

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) to estimate the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing. The estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and terminal values require considerable judgment and are based on market conditions, financial forecasts, industry trends, and historical experience. These estimates, however, have inherent uncertainties and different assumptions could lead to materially different results.

Self-Insurance Liabilities

We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold operations. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels.

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

Environmental remediation liabilities represent the estimated cost of environmental remediation obligations primarily associated with previously sold operations. The amounts accrued primarily consist of the estimated direct incremental costs, on an undiscounted basis, for contractor and other services related to remedial actions and post-remediation site monitoring. Environmental remediation liabilities are recorded when the specific obligation is considered probable and the costs are reasonably estimable. Subsequent recoveries from third parties, if any, are recorded through discontinued operations when realized. Environmental insurance is maintained that provides coverage for new and undiscovered pre-existing conditions at both our continuing and discontinued operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.

Convertible Preferred Stock

We record shares of convertible preferred stock based on proceeds received net of costs on the date of issuance. Dividends paid-in-kind increase the redemption value of the preferred stock. Redeemable preferred stock (including preferred stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) is classified as mezzanine equity and is reported between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Noncontrolling Interests – Non-redeemable and Redeemable

Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. We report non-redeemable noncontrolling interest within stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of

consolidated net income or loss attributable to Viad and the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We consider noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within our control to be redeemable noncontrolling interests. Our redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to our 56.4% equity ownership interest in Esja Attractions ehf. (“Esja”), which owns the FlyOver Iceland attraction. The Esja shareholders agreement contains a put option that gives the minority Esja shareholders the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a calculated formula within a predefined term. This redeemable noncontrolling interest is considered mezzanine equity and we report it between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of the net income or loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the accretion of the redemption value is recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings or accumulated deficit and is included in our income (loss) per share. Refer to Note 22 – Noncontrolling Interests – Redeemable and Non-redeemable for additional information.

Foreign Currency Translation

Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, for purposes of consolidation, we translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the translation of these foreign denominated assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For purposes of consolidation, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses related to our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. We also have certain loans and leases in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency, which results in gains or losses as exchange rates fluctuate and are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured based on a specified amount of consideration in a contract with a customer, net of commissions paid to customers and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a product or delivering the service to a customer.

Pursuit’s service revenue is derived through its admissions, accommodations, and transportation services. Product revenue is derived through food and beverage and retail sales. Revenue is recognized at the time services are performed or upon delivery of the product. Pursuit’s service revenue is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits, and product revenue is recognized at a point in time.

GES’ service revenue is primarily derived through its comprehensive range of marketing, event production, and other related services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers. GES’ service revenue is earned over time over the duration of the live event, which generally lasts one to three days. Revenue for goods and services provided for which we do not have control of the goods or services before that good or service is transferred to a customer is recorded on a net basis to reflect only the fees received for arranging these services. GES’ product revenue is derived from the build of exhibits, environments, and graphics and is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the product.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation costs related to all share-based payment awards are recognized and measured using the fair value method of accounting. These awards generally include restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), and stock options, and contain forfeiture and non-compete provisions. We issue share-based payment awards from shares held in treasury. Future vesting is generally subject to continued employment. Holders of share-based awards have the right to receive dividends and vote the shares, but may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge, or otherwise encumber the stock, except to the extent restrictions have lapsed and in accordance with our stock trading policy.

We account for share-based payment awards that will be settled in cash as liability-based awards, which includes PRSUs and restricted stock units. We measure share-based compensation expense of liability-based awards at fair value at each reporting date until the date of settlement based on the number of units expected to vest and, where applicable, the level of achievement of predefined performance goals. These awards are remeasured on each reporting date based on our stock price and the Monte Carlo simulation model. A Monte Carlo simulation requires the use of several assumptions, including historical volatility and correlation between our stock price and the price of the common shares of a comparator group, a risk-free rate of return, and an expected term. Share-based compensation expense related to liability-based awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period of approximately three years.

We account for share-based awards that will be settled in shares of our common stock as equity-based awards, which include PRSUs, restricted stock units, and restricted stock awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of equity-based awards at fair value on the grant date on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The estimated number of shares to be achieved is updated each reporting period based on the number of units expected to vest and, where applicable, the level of achievement of predefined performance goals, until the date of settlement. Share-based compensation expense related to equity-based awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period ranging from one to three years.

The fair value of stock option grants is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes stock option pricing model. We grant non-qualified stock options that are performance-based and service-based. The performance-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period ranging up to 3.4 years, and the underlying shares expected to be settled are adjusted each reporting period based on estimated future achievement of the respective performance metrics. The service-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period on a graded-vesting schedule ranging from one to three years. The exercise price of stock options is based on the market value of our common stock at the date of grant.

Common Stock in Treasury

Common stock purchased for treasury is recorded at historical cost. Subsequent share reissuances are primarily related to share-based compensation programs and recorded at weighted-average cost.

Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Diluted income (loss) per common share is calculated using the more dilutive of the two-class method or as-converted method. The two-class method uses net income (loss) available to common stockholders and assumes conversion of all potential shares other than the participating securities. The as-converted method uses net income (loss) available to common shareholders and assumes conversion of all potential shares including the participating securities. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options, unvested restricted share units and convertible preferred stock. We apply the two-class method in calculating income (loss) per common share as unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends and preferred stock are considered participating securities. Accordingly, such securities are included in the earnings allocation in calculating income (loss) per share. The adjustment to the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest is reflected in income (loss) per common share.

Government Assistance

We received government assistance of approximately $2.7 million in 2022, $21.6 million in 2021, and $27.7 million in 2020. Benefits received were primarily from the Canadian Emergency Wage Subsidy (“CEWS”) program, the United Kingdom’s COVID Job Retention Scheme (“CJRS”), and two Netherlands programs referred to as NOW and TVL. We have no provisions for recapture and are currently completing the audit process for the NOW proceeds received in 2021.

The CEWS program was implemented by the Canadian government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for businesses operating in Canada. Our Canadian subsidiaries within Pursuit and GES qualified for and applied for these CEWS cash benefits to partially offset the impacts of revenue reductions and on-going staffing costs. During 2022, GES received approximately $1.4 million in CEWS benefits. During 2021, Pursuit received approximately $11.6 million and GES received approximately $1.9 million. During 2020, Pursuit received approximately $12.8 million and GES received approximately $1.2 million. The CEWS benefits were recorded to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The CJRS program was implemented by the United Kingdom government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to allow employers to retain and continue to pay their furloughed employees. Furloughed employees were paid 80% of their salary up to a maximum of GBP 2,500 per month. During July 2021, employers were required to contribute 10% of the furloughed employees salary, which increased to 20% before the program closed on September 30, 2021. Payments were handled by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, or HMRC. GES received approximately $0.9 million in 2021 and $8.4 million in 2020, which were recorded to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The NOW and TVL programs were implemented by the Dutch government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The NOW program is a temporary emergency bridging measure to reimburse up to 85% of employees’ salaries. This program is still in effect and payments are handled by the Employee Insurance Agency, or UWV. The TVL program is a business support program focused on non-labor business expenses. The amounts claimed is based on lost income of more than 30%. Payments are handled by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency, or RVO. GES received approximately $0.6 million in 2022, $3.0 million in 2021, and $2.2 million in 2020 for both NOW and TVL programs, which were recorded to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The remaining benefits received were from various other programs totaling $0.7 million in 2022, $4.2 million in 2021, and $3.1 million in 2020.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements:

Standard	Description	Date of adoption	Effect on the financial statements
Standards Not Yet Adopted
Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers	Amendment relates to the application of Topic 805, Business Combinations, to contracts with a customer acquired in a business combination after the acquirer has adopted Topic 606. ASU 2021-08 requires contract assets and contract liabilities to be accounted for as if they (the acquirer) entered into the original contract at the same time and same date as the acquiree.	1/1/2023	We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. We will apply the provisions of ASU 2021-08 after adoption to future acquisitions, if any. We do not expect this new guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50) Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations	Amendment requires that a buyer in a supplier finance program disclose key terms about the program in connection with the purchase of goods and services along with information about their obligations under these programs, including a rollforward of those obligations.	1/1/2023	This new guidance will expand our disclosures within the scope of this new standard that are reflected in the financial statements as of the adoption date. It does not affect the recognition, measurement, or financial statement presentation of obligations covered by supplier finance programs. We do not expect this new standard to have a material impact on our related disclosures.

Standard	Description	Date of adoption	Effect on the financial statements
Standards Recently Adopted
ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity	The amendment simplified the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models available for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. The amendment also requires expanded disclosures about the terms and features of convertible instruments.	1/1/2022	The adoption of this new standard on January 1, 2022 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832) Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance	Amendment improves the transparency of disclosures about government assistance received by business entities by requiring annual disclosure of: (1) the types of government assistance received; (2) the accounting for such assistance; and (3) the effect of the assistance on a business entity’s financial statements.	1/1/2022	We provided the annual disclosure about government assistance in this Note 1 - Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies under the heading “Government Assistance.” The adoption of this new standard on January 1, 2022 did not otherwise have a material impact on our related disclosures.
ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848	Topic 848 provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. This amendment defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024.	12/21/2022	The sunset deferral date of Topic 848 was effective beginning on December 21, 2022, and we intend to utilize the relief of this amendment. There was no impact to our consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting this amendment.

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Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities

Note 2. Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities

Pursuit’s performance obligations are short-term in nature. They include the provision of a hotel room, an attraction admission, a chartered or ticketed bus or van ride, and/or the sale of food, beverage, or retail products. We recognize revenue when the service has been provided or the product has been delivered. When we extend credit, payment terms are generally within 30 days and contain no significant financing components.

GES’ performance obligations consist of services or product(s) outlined in a contract. While we often sign multi-year contracts for recurring events, the obligations for each occurrence are well defined and conclude upon the occurrence of each event. The obligations are typically the provision of services and/or sale of a product in connection with a live event. Revenue for goods and services provided

for which we do not have control of the goods or services before that good or service is transferred to a customer is recorded on a net basis to reflect only the fees received for arranging these services. We recognize revenue for services generally at the close of the live event. We recognize revenue for products either upon delivery to the customer’s location, upon delivery to an event that we are serving, or when we have the right to invoice. In circumstances where a customer cancels a contract, we generally have the right to bill the customer for costs incurred to date. Payment terms are generally within 30-60 days and contain no significant financing components.

Contract Liabilities

Pursuit and GES typically receive customer deposits prior to transferring the related product or service to the customer. We record these deposits as a contract liability, which are recognized as revenue upon satisfaction of the related contract performance obligation(s). GES also provides customer rebates and volume discounts to certain event organizers that we recognize as a reduction of revenue. We include customer deposits in “Contract liabilities” and “Other deferred items and liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Changes to contract liabilities are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	18,618
Cash additions		147,814
Revenue recognized		(126,573	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(197	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		39,662
Cash additions		158,567
Revenue recognized		(151,408	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(2,064	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	44,757

Contract Costs

GES capitalizes certain incremental costs incurred in obtaining and fulfilling contracts. Capitalized costs principally relate to direct costs of materials and services incurred in fulfilling services of future live events, and also include up-front incentives and commissions incurred upon contract signing. We expense costs associated with preliminary contract activities (i.e. proposal activities) as incurred. Capitalized contract costs are expensed upon the transfer of the related goods or services and are included in “Costs of services” or “Costs of products” as applicable. We include the deferred incremental costs of obtaining and fulfilling contracts in “Current contract costs” and “Other investments and assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Changes to contract costs are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	10,835
Additions		31,923
Expenses		(27,935	)
Cancelled		(976	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(57	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		13,790
Additions		62,038
Expenses		(58,561	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(699	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	16,568

As of December 31, 2022, capitalized contract costs consisted of $16.6 million to fulfill contracts. We did not recognize an impairment loss with respect to capitalized contract costs during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables disaggregate Pursuit and GES revenue by major service and product lines, timing of revenue recognition, and markets served:

Pursuit

During the first quarter of 2022, we reallocated certain ancillary revenue presented in Pursuit’s services revenue to better align with how we analyze revenue and depict the nature of revenue. All prior periods have been reclassified to conform to this new presentation.

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Services:
Ticket revenue	$	114,936	$	61,166	$	19,939
Rooms revenue		77,019		57,603		26,383
Transportation		12,460		5,591		2,694
Other		14,143		8,564		3,567
Total services revenue		218,558		132,924		52,583
Products:
Food and beverage		47,275		28,953		10,295
Retail operations		33,494		25,171		13,932
Total products revenue		80,769		54,124		24,227
Total revenue	$	299,327	$	187,048	$	76,810
Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred over time	$	218,558	$	132,924	$	52,583
Products transferred at a point in time		80,769		54,124		24,227
Total revenue	$	299,327	$	187,048	$	76,810
Markets:
Banff Jasper Collection	$	152,863	$	82,728	$	46,913
Alaska Collection		39,434		37,344		6,282
Glacier Park Collection		57,760		45,276		17,596
FlyOver		24,445		10,693		6,019
Sky Lagoon(1)		24,825		11,007		—
Total revenue	$	299,327	$	187,048	$	76,810

(1)We opened Pursuit’s Sky Lagoon attraction in Reykjavik, Iceland on April 30, 2021.

GES

During the first quarter of 2022, we changed our segment reporting as a result of operational changes and how our CODM reviews the financial performance of GES and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. Accordingly, GES’ new reportable segments are Spiro and GES Exhibitions. As a result, we changed certain items in the following disaggregation of revenue table. All prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the new reporting structure.

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Service lines:
Spiro	$	277,641		$	116,587		$	102,027
GES Exhibitions		557,880			209,529			238,705
Intersegment eliminations		(7,537	)		(5,824	)		(2,107	)
Total revenue	$	827,984		$	320,292		$	338,625
Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred over time	$	693,482		$	268,218		$	298,945
Products transferred over time(1)		51,134			18,551			15,517
Products transferred at a point in time		83,368			33,523			24,163
Total revenue	$	827,984		$	320,292		$	338,625
Geographical markets:
North America	$	675,628		$	243,983		$	288,921
EMEA		176,086			82,242			53,384
Intersegment eliminations		(23,730	)		(5,933	)		(3,680	)
Total revenue	$	827,984		$	320,292		$	338,625

(1)GES’ graphics product revenue is earned over time over the duration of an event as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.

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Share-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation

Note 3. Share-Based Compensation

We grant share-based compensation awards to our officers, directors, and certain key employees pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended, (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan has a 10-year term and provides for the following types of awards: (a) incentive and non-qualified stock options; (b) restricted stock awards and restricted stock units; (c) performance units or performance shares; (d) stock appreciation rights; (e) cash-based awards; and (f) certain other stock-based awards. In June 2017, we reserved 1,750,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2017 Plan. On May 24, 2022, we amended and restated the 2017 Plan, which among other things, increased the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan by 840,000 shares, thus bringing the total number of reserved shares to 2,590,000. As of December 31, 2022, there were 1,202,763 shares available for future grant under the 2017 Plan.

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Performance-based restricted stock units	$	541		$	549		$	(2,187	)
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units		6,703			5,451			4,523
Stock options		2,997			1,727			317
Share-based compensation expense before income tax		10,241			7,727			2,653
Income tax benefit(1)		(117	)		(82	)		—
Share-based compensation expense, net of income tax	$	10,124		$	7,645		$	2,653

(1)The 2022 and 2021 income tax benefit amount primarily reflects the tax benefit associated with our Canadian-based employees. There was no income tax benefit in 2020 associated with our employees in the United States and the United Kingdom due to a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets within these jurisdictions. Refer to Note 17 – Income Taxes.

We recorded no share-based compensation expense through restructuring charges in 2022, 2021 or 2020. No share-based compensation costs were capitalized during 2022, 2021, or 2020.

Performance-based Restricted Stock Units

Performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) are tied to our stock price and the expected achievement of certain performance-based criteria. The vesting of PRSUs is based upon the achievement of the performance-based criteria over a three to four-year period. We account for PRSUs that will be settled in shares of our common stock as equity-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of equity-based awards at fair value on the grant date on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The estimated number of units to be achieved is updated each reporting period.

We account for PRSUs that will be settled in cash as liability-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of liability-based awards at fair value at each reporting date until the date of settlement. Forfeitures are recorded when they occur.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we granted PRSUs with a grant date fair value of $2.4 million, all of which are payable in shares.

In 2022, PRSUs granted in 2019 vested and we paid $0.4 million in cash. No PRSUs were paid in shares in 2022. In 2021, PRSUs granted in 2018 vested; however, as performance metrics were not achieved, no awards were paid in cash or in shares. In 2020, PRSUs granted in 2017 vested and we paid $2.6 million in cash. No PRSUs were paid in shares in 2020.

As of December 31, 2022, the unamortized cost of outstanding equity-based PRSUs was $1.6 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.0 years. Liabilities related to liability-based PRSUs were zero as of December 31, 2022 and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2021.

The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding PRSU awards:

	Equity-Based PRSUs					Liability-Based PRSUs
	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2021		134,152		$	37.30		77,746		$	57.13
Granted		65,000		$	36.46		—		$	—
Vested		—		$	—		(36,758	)	$	58.31
Forfeited		(97,367	)	$	43.03		(913	)	$	56.23
Balance at December 31, 2022		101,785		$	31.28		40,075		$	56.06

Service-based Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units are service-based awards. We account for restricted stock awards and restricted stock units that will be settled in shares of our common stock as equity-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of equity-based awards at fair value on the grant date on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

We account for restricted stock units that will be settled in cash as liability-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of liability-based awards at fair value at each reporting date until the date of settlement. Forfeitures are recorded when they occur.

As of December 31, 2022, the unamortized cost of outstanding equity-based restricted stock awards and restricted stock units was $8.1 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.3 years. We withheld 43,887 shares for $1.4 million during 2022, 37,686 shares for $1.6 million during 2021, and 42,185 shares for $1.7 million during 2020 related to tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards.

Aggregate liabilities related to liability-based restricted stock units were $0.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2021. In 2022, 3,709 restricted stock units vested, and we paid $0.1 million in cash. In 2021, 3,174 restricted stock units vested, and we paid $0.1 million in cash. In 2020, 2,815 restricted stock units vested, and we paid $0.2 million in cash and $2.0 million in shares.

The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding restricted stock awards and restricted stock units:

	Equity-Based Restricted Stock Awards					Equity-Based Restricted Stock Units					Liability-Based Restricted Stock Units
	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2021		76,792		$	52.83		239,188		$	34.74		6,278		$	55.93
Granted		—		$	—		289,825		$	31.23		—		$	—
Vested		(52,127	)	$	52.21		(103,327	)	$	29.83		(3,709	)	$	56.66
Forfeited		(1,373	)	$	56.23		(13,667	)	$	36.89		(309	)	$	56.47
Balance at December 31, 2022		23,292		$	54.03		412,019		$	33.43		2,260		$	54.75

Stock Options

We grant non-qualified stock options that are performance-based, as well as non-qualified stock options that are service-based. The performance-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective performance period, and the underlying shares expected to be settled are adjusted each reporting period based on estimated future achievement of the respective performance metrics. The service-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period on a graded-vesting schedule ranging from one to three years.

The following table summarizes stock option activity:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021		312,008		$	31.01
Granted		233,970		$	33.96
Exercised		—		$	—
Forfeited		(120,000	)	$	19.30
Options outstanding at December 31, 2022		425,978		$	35.93	$	137,541
Options exercisable at December 31, 2022		100,103		$	32.39	$	137,541

(1)The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding represents the difference between our closing stock price at the end of the reporting period and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options.

The following table summarizes stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2022:

	Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable
Range of exercise prices	Shares		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Shares		Weighted-Average Exercise Price
$21.85		54,150		4.65	$	21.85		54,150	$	21.85
$33.96		233,970		6.15	$	33.96		—	$	—
$44.80		137,858		5.15	$	44.80		45,953	$	44.80
$21.85 - $44.80		425,978		5.64	$	35.93		100,103	$	32.39

The fair value of stock options granted in 2022 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes stock option pricing model.

Following is additional information on stock options granted during 2022 and the underlying assumptions used in assessing fair value:

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2022
Assumptions used to estimate fair value of stock options granted:
Risk-free interest rate		1.9	%
Expected term (in years)		4.5
Expected volatility		58.3	%
Expected dividend yield		—
Weighted average grant-date fair value per share of options granted	$	16.50

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards was $2.3 million and $1.4 million, respectively. We expect to recognize such costs over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.0 years.

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Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Note 4. Acquisitions and Disposition

2022 Acquisition

Glacier Raft Company

On April 6, 2022, we acquired the Glacier Raft Company, which provides guided river rafting trips operating in Pursuit’s West Glacier, Montana operations. The Glacier Raft Company also owns 13 log cabins, a lodge, and a wedding venue located on 50 acres with views into Glacier National Park. The purchase price was $26.5 million in cash. This acquisition was funded via cash on hand of approximately $11.5 million and borrowings under our revolving credit facility of $15.0 million.

The following table summarizes the final allocation of the aggregate purchase price paid and amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon the estimated fair value at the date of acquisition.

(in thousands)
Purchase price paid as:
Cash	$	26,507
Working capital adjustment		(961	)
Purchase price adjustment		125
Cash acquired		(177	)
Purchase price, net of cash acquired		25,494
Fair value of net assets acquired:
Inventory		370
Prepaid expenses and other		57
Property and equipment		6,487
Intangible assets		3,400
Total assets acquired		10,314
Customer deposits		1,575
Other current liabilities		32
Total liabilities assumed		1,607
Total fair value of net assets acquired		8,707
Excess purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired (“goodwill”)	$	16,787

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price as shown in the table above is allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as “Goodwill.” Goodwill relating to the Glacier Raft Company acquisition is included in the Pursuit reportable segment. The primary factor that contributed to the purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill related to future growth opportunities when combined with our other businesses. Goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. We included these assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets from the date of acquisition.

Following are details of the purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired for the Glacier Raft Company:

(in thousands)	Amount		Weighted Average Life
Customer relationships	$	1,800	12 years
Operating licenses		1,300	17 years
Trade name		300	8 years
Total	$	3,400	14 years

Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were $0.2 million in 2022, which are included in “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The results of operations of Glacier Raft Company have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Pro forma information is not presented as revenue and the operating results of Glacier Raft Company, as if the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2022, is not material to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.

2022 Disposition

ON Services

On December 15, 2022, we completed the sale of substantially all of the assets of GES’ United States audio-visual production business, ON Services – AV Specialists, Inc. (“ON Services”), for approximately $30.0 million, subject to customary working capital adjustments. We recognized a gain on sale of $19.6 million. ON Services had a net carrying value of $10.4 million, which included $4.9 million of net working capital and net non-current assets of $5.5 million. Working capital consisted primarily of accounts receivable of $8.2 million and other current assets of $0.7 million, offset in part by current liabilities of $4.0 million. Net non-current assets consisted primarily of property and equipment of $6.0 million, offset in part by other liabilities of $0.5 million. The staging business of ON Services was included in the Spiro reportable segment and the venue services business in the United States was included in the GES Exhibitions reportable segment. The ON Services sale did not represent a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on our operations and financial results, and therefore was not classified as a discontinued operation for any of the periods presented.

2021 Acquisition

Golden Skybridge

On March 18, 2021, we acquired a 60% controlling interest in the Golden Skybridge attraction for total cash consideration of $15 million Canadian dollars (approximately $12 million U.S. dollars), of which $6 million Canadian dollars (approximately $4.8 million U.S. dollars) were primarily used to fund additional experiences. The Golden Skybridge opened in June 2021.

The fair value of net assets acquired as of the acquisition date included $2.2 million U.S. dollars in property and equipment and $6.8 million U.S. dollars in noncontrolling interest. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price is allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired of $11.8 million U.S. dollars was recorded as “Goodwill.” Goodwill relating to the Golden Skybridge acquisition is included in the Pursuit reportable segment. The primary factor that contributed to the purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill related to future growth opportunities when combined with our other businesses. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. We included these assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets from the date of acquisition.

Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were $0.4 million U.S. dollars during 2021, which are included in “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Note 5. Inventories

The components of inventories consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Raw materials	$	1,403	$	2,350
Finished goods		9,382		6,231
Inventories	$	10,785	$	8,581

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Other Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Current Assets

Note 6. Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Restricted cash	$	4,845	$	2,703
Prepaid software maintenance		4,650		4,154
Prepaid project deposit		3,615		—
Prepaid vendor payments		2,084		1,604
Income tax receivable		322		1,901
Prepaid taxes		142		456
Prepaid other		1,836		1,165
Other		1,483		2,097
Other current assets	$	18,977	$	14,080

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Property and Equipment, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Note 7. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021
Land and land interests(1)	$	30,902		$	30,532
Buildings and leasehold improvements		409,852			407,930
Equipment and other		413,485			413,684
Gross property and equipment		854,239			852,146
Accumulated depreciation		(362,195	)		(364,060	)
Property and equipment, net (excluding finance leases)		492,044			488,086
Finance lease ROU assets, net		57,534			61,022
Property and equipment, net	$	549,578		$	549,108

(1)Land and land interests include certain leasehold interests in land within Pursuit for which we are considered to have perpetual use rights. The carrying amount of these leasehold interests was $7.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $8.4 million as of December 31, 2021. These land interests are not subject to amortization.

Depreciation expense was $43.0 million during 2022, $43.7 million during 2021, and $46.5 million during 2020.

Property and equipment purchased through accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased $0.8 million during 2022, increased $2.3 million during 2021, and decreased $6.9 million during 2020. During 2022, we capitalized interest of $3.0 million, which was primarily related to the development of Pursuit’s FlyOver attractions.

We recorded fixed asset impairment charges of $1.6 million during 2020 primarily related to capitalized software.

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Other Investments and Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Other Investments and Assets

Note 8. Other Investments and Assets

Other investments and assets consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Self-insured liability receivable	$	8,211	$	6,847
Other mutual funds		3,490		4,057
Contract costs		2,237		2,685
Other		3,519		3,129
Other investments and assets	$	17,457	$	16,718

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Note 9. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	99,847
Business acquisition		11,776
Foreign currency translation adjustments		455
Balance at December 31, 2021		112,078
Business acquisition		16,787
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(7,436	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	121,429

The following table summarizes the remaining goodwill by reporting unit:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Pursuit:
Banff Jasper Collection	$	62,383	$	66,898
Alaska Collection		3,184		3,184
Glacier Park Collection		16,787		—
FlyOver		39,075		41,996
Total Goodwill	$	121,429	$	112,078

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) to estimate the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing.

During 2020, we recorded non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $185.8 million, which was primarily related to the write-off of all of GES’ goodwill due to the deteriorating macroeconomic environment related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our remaining goodwill balance as of December 31, 2022 of $121.4 million pertains to our Pursuit business.

During 2022, we considered changes in macroeconomic facts and circumstances, particularly high inflation and the resulting rise in interest rates, which resulted in reduced fair values to our reporting units. As a result of our most recent impairment analysis performed as of October 31, 2022, the excess of the estimated fair value over the carrying value for our reporting units with reported goodwill (expressed as a percentage of the carrying amounts) under step one of the impairment test for the Banff Jasper Collection and the Alaska Collection was significant, and Glacier Park Collection was 17% and FlyOver was 19%. Accordingly, no impairment charges were recorded during 2022.

We will continue to closely monitor actual results versus expectations as well as whether and to what extent any significant changes in current events or conditions result in corresponding changes to our expectations about future estimated cash flows and discount rates. If our adjusted expectations of the operating results of our reporting units do not materialize, or the discount rate increases (based on increases in interest rates, market rates of return or market volatility), it is possible that we may be required to record goodwill impairment charges in the future, which may be material.

Our accumulated goodwill impairment was $415.5 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Other intangible assets consisted of the following:

		December 31, 2022							December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Useful Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer contracts and relationships	7.4	$	37,194	$	(30,109	)	$	7,085	$	36,848	$	(28,372	)	$	8,476
Operating contracts and licenses	34.1		38,993		(3,504	)		35,489		40,927		(2,660	)		38,267
In-place lease	33.8		14,420		(1,404	)		13,016		15,464		(1,084	)		14,380
Tradenames	4.0		5,546		(3,324	)		2,222		5,626		(2,819	)		2,807
Other	5.2		770		(163	)		607		824		(139	)		685
Total amortized intangible assets			96,923		(38,504	)		58,419		99,689		(35,074	)		64,615
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Business licenses			566		—			566		574		—			574
Other intangible assets		$	97,489	$	(38,504	)	$	58,985	$	100,263	$	(35,074	)	$	65,189

Intangible asset amortization expense (excluding amortization expense of ROU assets) was $5.2 million during 2022, $5.8 million during 2021, and $6.4 million during 2020. We recorded a non-cash impairment charge to intangible assets of $15.7 million during 2020 related our United States audio-visual production business.

At December 31, 2022, the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:

(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
2023	$	4,565
2024		3,619
2025		2,321
2026		2,288
2027		1,891
Thereafter		43,735
Total	$	58,419

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Other Current Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Liabilities, Current [Abstract]

Other Current Liabilities

Note 10. Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Continuing operations:
Foreign income taxes payable	$	8,354	$	965
Commissions payable		5,059		4,119
Accrued employee benefit costs		4,920		4,164
Self-insured liability		4,909		4,815
Accrued concession fees		4,297		964
Accrued sales and use taxes		4,082		3,428
Accommodation services deposits		2,208		892
Current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities		1,426		1,637
Accrued professional fees		898		1,671
Other		4,958		5,168
Total continuing operations		41,111		27,823
Discontinued operations:
Self-insured liability		458		312
Environmental remediation liabilities		46		60
Other		38		94
Total discontinued operations		542		466
Total other current liabilities	$	41,653	$	28,289

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Other Deferred Items and Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Deferred Items and Liabilities

Note 11. Other Deferred Items and Liabilities

Other deferred items and liabilities consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Continuing operations:
Foreign deferred tax liability	$	27,564	$	27,748
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal liability		13,815		14,260
Self-insured excess liability		8,211		6,847
Self-insured liability		5,028		5,119
Accrued compensation		4,977		5,696
Accrued restructuring		3,245		2,571
Other		3,071		2,758
Total continuing operations		65,911		64,999
Discontinued operations:
Environmental remediation liabilities		2,177		2,168
Self-insured liability		1,631		1,535
Other		305		251
Total discontinued operations		4,113		3,954
Total other deferred items and liabilities	$	70,024	$	68,953

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Debt and Finance Lease Obligations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt And Finance Obligations

Note 12. Debt and Finance Obligations

The components of debt and finance obligations consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands, except interest rates)	2022			2021
2021 Credit Facility - Term Loan B, 9.4% interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 5.5% at December 31, 2021, due through 2028(1)	$	395,000		$	399,000
Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility, 8.8% interest rate at December 31, 2022, due through 2027(1)		11,491			—
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility, 6.9% interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 4.9% at December 31, 2021, due through 2027(1)		4,965			5,566
FlyOver Iceland Term Loans, 10.1% weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 3.8% at December 31, 2021, due through 2024(1)		594			689
Less unamortized debt issuance costs		(11,848	)		(14,804	)
Total debt		400,202			390,451
Finance lease obligations, 9.1% weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, due through 2067		64,729			63,401
Financing arrangements		5,013			5,528
Total debt and finance obligations(2)(3)		469,944			459,380
Current portion		(13,192	)		(12,800	)
Long-term debt and finance obligations	$	456,752		$	446,580

(1)Represents the weighted-average interest rate in effect as of the end of the respective periods, including any applicable margin. The interest rates do not include amortization of debt issuance costs or commitment fees.

(2)The weighted-average interest rate on total debt (including unamortized debt issuance costs and commitment fees) was 9.3% for 2022, 6.4% for 2021 and 4.6% for 2020. The estimated fair value of total debt and finance leases was $301.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $328.9 million as of December 31, 2021. The fair value of debt was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently available for debt of similar terms and maturity, which is a Level 2 measurement. Refer to Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements.

(3)Cash paid for interest on debt was $34.3 million during 2022, $25.9 million during 2021, and $14.0 million during 2020.

2021 Credit Facility

Effective July 30, 2021, we entered into a $500 million credit facility (the “2021 Credit Facility”). The 2021 Credit Facility provides for a $400 million term loan (“Term Loan B”) and a $100 million revolving credit facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”). The proceeds of

the Term Loan B, net of $14.8 million in related fees, were used to repay the $327 million outstanding balance under our then $450 million revolving credit facility and to provide for financial flexibility to fund future acquisitions and growth initiatives and for general corporate purposes.

The 2021 Credit Facility provides us with the option to have interest calculated based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for one, three, or six-month tenors, plus credit spreads as detailed below under “Term Loan B” and “Revolving Credit Facility”.

LIBOR Transition Amendment

On February 6, 2023, we entered into the LIBOR Transition Amendment to the 2021 Credit Facility to replace LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). In accordance with the LIBOR replacement provisions outlined in the 2021 Credit Facility, additional credit spread adjustments apply to SOFR ranging from 0.11448% (for a one-month duration) up to 0.71513% (for a 12-month duration). Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events.

Interest Rate Cap Agreement

On January 4, 2023, we entered into an interest rate cap agreement with an effective date of January 31, 2023. The interest rate cap manages our exposure to interest rate increases on $300 million in borrowings under our 2021 Credit Facility and provides us with the right to receive payment if the one-month SOFR exceeds 5.00%. Beginning on February 28, 2023, we will pay a fixed monthly deferred premium based on an annual rate of 0.3335% for the interest rate cap, which matures on January 31, 2025. Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events.

Term Loan B

The Term Loan B has a maturity date of July 30, 2028 and is subject to quarterly amortization of principal of $1 million. Interest rates are based on LIBOR plus a 5.00% credit spread, with a LIBOR floor of 0.50%. See discussion above under “LIBOR Transition.” The Term Loan B carries no financial covenants.

Revolving Credit Facility

The Revolving Credit Facility has a maturity date of July 30, 2026. As of December 31, 2022, capacity remaining under the revolving credit facility was $86.7 million, reflecting $100.0 million total facility size, less $13.3 million in outstanding letters of credit.

In addition to borrowing based on one, three, or six month LIBOR tenors, we also have the option to borrow based on the “Base Rate”, which for any day is a fluctuating rate equal to the highest of the Fed Funds Rate plus 0.50%, Bank of America’s publicly announced “prime rate”, and LIBOR plus 1.00%. Credit spreads for LIBOR and Base Rate borrowings are based on Viad’s total net leverage ratio and range from 2.50% to 3.50% for LIBOR borrowings and from 1.50% to 3.50% for Base Rate borrowings. See discussion above under “LIBOR Transition.” Additionally, a 1.00% floor applies to the Bate Rate.

The Revolving Credit Facility includes an undrawn fee ranging from 0.30% to 0.50% that is based on Viad’s total net leverage ratio.

The Revolving Credit Facility carries financial covenants. On March 23, 2022, we entered into the First Amendment to the 2021 Credit Facility, which modified the financial covenants as follows:

•Maintain a total net leverage ratio of not greater than 4.75 to 1.00 at December 31, 2022 with a step-down to 4.50 to 1.00 at March 31, 2023, and 4.00 to 1.00 at June 30, 2023 and thereafter; and

•Maintain an interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.50 to 1.00 at December 31, 2022 and thereafter.

As of December 31, 2022, Viad’s total net leverage ratio was 3.15 to 1.00, the interest coverage ratio was 3.67 to 1.00, and we were in compliance with all covenants under the revolving credit facility.

In addition to U.S. Dollar borrowings, we may borrow funds on the Revolving Credit Facility in Canadian Dollars based on the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate, Pound Sterling based on the Sterling Overnight Index Average, and Euros based on the Euro Interbank Offered Rate, plus applicable credit spreads. No such borrowings had been made as of December 31, 2022.

Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility

Effective May 17, 2022, Pursuit, through a 60% owned subsidiary, entered into a construction loan facility for borrowings up to $17.0 million Canadian dollars (approximately $13.3 million U.S. dollars) for the development and construction of the Forest Park Hotel in Jasper National Park. Construction of the hotel was completed in August 2022. As of December 31, 2022, funds of $1.4 million Canadian dollars (approximately $1.1 million U.S. dollars) were available for borrowing under the facility.

The construction loan facility required interest only payments at Canada Prime plus 2.35% through November 2023, at which time it was to be converted to a term loan with a maturity date of May 17, 2027.

During January 2023, we completed our final borrowing under the construction loan facility and the facility was converted, by way of an amendment to the loan agreement, to a term loan with a fixed interest rate of 6.5% effective January 31, 2023. The term loan matures on February 1, 2028 and requires interest only payments through July 31, 2024. Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events.

FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility

Effective February 15, 2019, FlyOver Iceland ehf., (“FlyOver Iceland”) a wholly-owned subsidiary of Esja, entered into a credit agreement with a €5.0 million (approximately $5.6 million U.S. dollars) credit facility (the “FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility”) with an original maturity date of March 1, 2022. The loan proceeds were used to complete the development of the FlyOver Iceland attraction. The loan bears interest at the three month Euro Interbank Offered Rate plus 4.9%.

We entered into an addendum effective December 1, 2021 wherein the principal payments were deferred for twelve months beginning December 1, 2021, with the first payment due December 1, 2022. The addendum extended the maturity date to March 1, 2025, which was further extended to September 1, 2027 by way of an option as permitted in the addendum, and provided for a semi-annual waiver of certain covenants through June 30, 2022 with the first testing date as of December 31, 2022. Conditions to the addendum included securing additional capital of ISK 75.0 million (approximately $0.6 million) in January 2022, which was completed, in order to strengthen FlyOver Iceland’s liquidity position. There were no other changes to the terms of the FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility. Effective November 2, 2022, FlyOver Iceland received a waiver for the 2022 through 2023 financial covenants.

FlyOver Iceland Term Loans

During 2020, FlyOver Iceland entered into three term loans totaling ISK 90.0 million (approximately $0.7 million U.S. dollars) (the “FlyOver Iceland Term Loans”). The first term loan for ISK 10.0 million was entered into effective October 15, 2020 with a maturity date of April 1, 2023 and bears interest on a seven-day term deposit at the Central Bank of Iceland. The second term loan for ISK 30.0 million was entered into effective October 15, 2020 with a maturity date of October 1, 2024 and bears interest on a seven-day term deposit at the Central Bank of Iceland plus 3.07%. The third term loan for ISK 50.0 million was entered into effective December 29, 2020 with a maturity date of February 1, 2023 and bears interest at one-month Reykjavik InterBank Offered Rate (“REIBOR”) plus 4.99%. The Icelandic State Treasury guarantees supplemental loans provided by credit institutions to companies impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the Icelandic State Treasury guaranteed the repayment of up to 85% of the principal and interest on the ISK 10.0 million and ISK 30.0 million term loans and 70% of the principal amount on the ISK 50.0 million term loan. Loan proceeds were used to fund FlyOver Iceland operations.

Financing arrangements

We have insurance premium financing arrangements in order to finance certain of our insurance premium payments. The financing arrangements are payable within the next 12 months and bear a weighted average interest rate of 4.9%.

Future maturities

Aggregate annual maturities of debt (excluding finance obligations) as of December 31, 2022 are as follows:

(in thousands)	Credit Facilities
Year ending December 31,
2023	$	5,201
2024		5,931
2025		5,480
2026		5,480
2027		14,958
Thereafter		375,000
Total	$	412,050

The aggregate annual maturities and the related amounts representing interest on finance lease obligations are included in Note 20 – Leases and Other.

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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 13. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of an asset or liability is defined as the price that would be received by selling an asset or paying to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value guidance requires an entity to maximize the use of quoted prices and other observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value, and also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value.

Money market mutual funds and certain other mutual fund investments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 1 inputs. The fair value information related to these assets is summarized in the following tables:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Other mutual funds(1)	$	3,490	$	3,490	$	—	$	—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$	3,490	$	3,490	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	11,003	$	11,003	$	—	$	—
Other mutual funds(1)		4,057		4,057		—		—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$	15,060	$	15,060	$	—	$	—

(1)We include other mutual funds in “Other investments and assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.

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Income (Loss) Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Income (Loss) Per Share

Note 14. Income (Loss) Per Share

The components of basic and diluted income (loss) per share are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2022			2021			2020
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad	$	23,220		$	(92,655	)	$	(374,094	)
Less: Allocation to participating securities		(3,600	)		—			—
Convertible preferred stock dividends paid in cash		(7,801	)		(3,900	)		—
Convertible preferred stock dividends paid in kind		—			(3,821	)		(3,006	)
Adjustment to the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest		(763	)		(1,797	)		(926	)
Net income (loss) allocated to Viad common stockholders (basic)	$	11,056		$	(102,173	)	$	(378,026	)
Add: Allocation to participating securities		30			—			—
Net income (loss) allocated to Viad common stockholders (diluted)	$	11,086		$	(102,173	)	$	(378,026	)
Basic weighted-average outstanding common shares		20,589			20,411			20,279
Additional dilutive shares related to share-based compensation		223			—			—
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares		20,812			20,411			20,279
Income (loss) per share:
Basic income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	0.54		$	(5.01	)	$	(18.64	)
Diluted income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders(1)	$	0.53		$	(5.01	)	$	(18.64	)

(1)Diluted loss per share amount cannot exceed basic loss per share.

We excluded the following weighted-average potential common shares from the calculations of diluted net income (loss) per common share during the applicable periods because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Convertible preferred stock		—		6,674		6,406
Unvested restricted share-based awards		23		176		115
Unvested performance share-based awards		8		32		—
Stock options		255		194		24

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Common and Preferred Stock

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Common and Preferred Stock

Note 15. Common and Preferred Stock

Preferred Stock

We authorized two million shares of Junior Participating Preferred Stock, none of which was outstanding on December 31, 2022 and five million shares of Preferred Stock of which 141,827 shares are outstanding.

Convertible Series A Preferred Stock

On August 5, 2020, we entered into an investment agreement with funds managed by private equity firm Crestview Partners (the “Investment Agreement”), relating to the issuance of 135,000 shares of newly issued Convertible Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”), for an aggregate purchase price of $135 million or $1,000 per share. The $135 million issuance was offset in part by $9.2 million of expenses related to the capital raise. We have classified the Convertible Preferred Stock as mezzanine equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheet due to the existence of certain change in control provisions that are not solely within our control.

The Convertible Series A Preferred Stock carries a 5.5% cumulative quarterly dividend, which is payable in cash or in-kind at Viad’s option and is convertible at the option of the holders into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $21.25 per share. Dividends paid-in-kind increase the redemption value of the preferred stock. The redemption value of the preferred stock was $141.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Upon the occurrence of a change in control event, the holders have a right to require Viad to repurchase such preferred stock. During the year ended December 31, 2022, $7.8 million of dividends were declared, all of which were paid in cash. We intend to pay preferred stock dividends in cash for the foreseeable future.

Holders of the Convertible Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to vote with holders of Viad’s common stock on an as-converted basis.

Common Stock Repurchases

Our Board of Directors previously authorized us to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares. In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended our share repurchase program. Prior to the suspension, we had repurchased 53,784 shares on the open market for $2.8 million in 2020. As of December 31, 2022, 546,283 shares remain available for repurchase under all prior authorizations. Additionally, we repurchase shares related to tax withholding requirements on vested restricted stock awards. Refer to Note 3 – Share-Based Compensation.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Note 16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in AOCI by component are as follows:

(in thousands)	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrecognized Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Credit, Net			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	(16,686	)	$	(13,955	)	$	(30,641	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		524			30			554
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax		—			2,658			2,658
Net other comprehensive income (loss)		524			2,688			3,212
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	(16,162	)	$	(11,267	)	$	(27,429	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(26,821	)		117			(26,704	)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax		—			6,948			6,948
Net other comprehensive income (loss)		(26,821	)		7,065			(19,756	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(42,983	)	$	(4,202	)	$	(47,185	)

Amounts reclassified from AOCI that relate to our defined benefit pension and postretirement plans include the amortization of prior service costs and actuarial net losses recognized during each period presented. We recorded these costs as components of net periodic cost for each period presented. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits for additional information.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 17. Income Taxes

We record current income tax expense for the amounts that we expect to report and pay on our income tax returns and deferred income tax expense for the change in the deferred tax assets and liabilities. On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) that significantly changed United States tax law. One part of this Tax Act required us to pay a deemed repatriation tax of $5.2 million on our cumulative foreign earnings and profit. After application of tax payments and credits, $1.0 million of the liability remains outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and is due in 2024.

Income from continuing operations before income taxes consisted of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Foreign	$	40,178		$	(17,750	)	$	(95,919	)
United States		(5,558	)		(77,331	)		(264,940	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$	34,620		$	(95,081	)	$	(360,859	)

Significant components of the income tax provision from continuing operations are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021			2020
Current:
United States:
Federal	$	78	$	49		$	(128	)
State		302		(581	)		674
Foreign		7,773		(7,268	)		(1,397	)
Total current		8,153		(7,800	)		(851	)
Deferred:
United States:
Federal		45		—			17,171
State		—		—			2,896
Foreign		1,775		6,012			(4,970	)
Total deferred		1,820		6,012			15,097
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	9,973	$	(1,788	)	$	14,246

We are subject to income tax in the jurisdictions in which we operate. A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022					2021					2020
Computed income tax expense (benefit) at statutory federal income tax rate	$	7,270		21.0	%	$	(19,967	)	21.0	%	$	(75,780	)	21.0	%
State income tax expense (benefit), net of federal benefit		1,264		3.6	%		(7,959	)	8.4	%		(4,138	)	1.1	%
Remeasurement of deferred taxes due to change in tax rates		(499	)	(1.4	)%		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%
Foreign tax rate differential		733		2.1	%		(672	)	0.7	%		(401	)	0.1	%
U.S. tax expense on current year foreign earnings, net of foreign tax credits		401		1.2	%		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%
Goodwill impairment		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%		16,471		(4.6	)%
Change in valuation allowance		(702	)	(2.0	)%		21,859		(23.0	)%		77,369		(21.3	)%
Restructuring		—		0.0	%		4,676		(4.9	)%		(3,002	)	0.8	%
Other adjustments, net		1,506		4.3	%		275		(0.3	)%		3,727		(1.0	)%
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	9,973		28.8	%	$	(1,788	)	1.9	%	$	14,246		(3.9	)%

The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021
Deferred tax assets:
Tax credit carryforwards	$	7,461		$	6,491
Pension, compensation, and other employee benefits		16,287			14,755
Accrued liabilities and reserves		4,000			3,979
Net operating loss carryforwards		52,422			53,546
Leases		2,897			2,557
Goodwill and other intangible assets		5,100			17,781
Deferral of United States interest deductions		13,048			6,770
Other deferred income tax assets		9,601			11,194
Total deferred tax assets		110,816			117,073
Valuation allowance		(101,639	)		(103,510	)
Foreign deferred tax assets included above		(2,166	)		(5,037	)
United States net deferred tax assets		7,011			8,526
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment		(21,090	)		(24,100	)
Goodwill and other intangible assets		(10,857	)		(11,651	)
Leases		(295	)		(339	)
Other deferred income tax liabilities		(4,023	)		(4,254	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(36,265	)		(40,344	)
Foreign deferred tax liabilities included above		(29,170	)		(31,778	)
United States net deferred tax liabilities included above		(7,095	)		(8,566	)
United States net deferred tax liabilities	$	(84	)	$	(40	)

In 2022, due to the improved operations in GES Middle East and Europe, we are reporting a global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) inclusion in the United States for the first time since 2020 resulting in a $0.4 million increase in tax. Due to improved worldwide earnings in 2022, our $0.7 million reduction of the valuation allowance was the result of realizing net operating losses and other deferred tax assets in excess of the amount of net operating losses and other deferred tax assets added.

Our state income tax benefit in 2021 includes $4.0 million related to the true up of our state net operating losses on an entity-by-entity approach. In 2020 and at the beginning of 2021, we filed certain tax elections to restructure how our foreign UK operations are taxed in the United States to maximize future tax benefits and minimize future compliance complexity. These elections resulted in a $3.0 million benefit in 2020 and a $4.7 million expense in 2021. Both of these amounts were offset by a change in the valuation allowance.

We use significant judgment in forming conclusions regarding the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and evaluate all available positive and negative evidence to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. To the extent recovery does not appear likely, a valuation allowance must be recorded. In determining the recoverability of our deferred assets, we considered our cumulative loss incurred over the four-year period ended December 31, 2022 in each tax jurisdiction. Given the weight of objectively verifiable historical losses from our operations, we recorded a valuation allowance on all deferred tax assets in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, and our FlyOver operations in Iceland and Toronto. We had gross deferred tax assets of $110.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $117.1 million as of December 31, 2021.

The valuation allowance was $101.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and $103.5 million at December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to utilization of net operating losses and deferred tax assets to offset current year income including the book gain on the disposition of the ON Service assets, which were offset by an increase to deferred assets for additional foreign tax credits and net operating losses in certain foreign jurisdictions.

As of December 31, 2022, we had foreign tax credit carryforwards of $6.8 million, including $3.8 million against United States income tax, of which $1.9 million will begin to expire in 2023 with the remaining $1.9 million beginning to expire in 2027. Foreign tax credits creditable against United Kingdom taxes was $3.0 million, which can be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2022, we had $0.7 million of United States research and development credit carryforwards will begin to expire in 2038. We recorded a valuation allowance on all tax credit carryforwards.

We had gross federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $373.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and $366.8 million as of December 31, 2021. The net operating loss carryforwards for 2022 that relate to the United States federal, United Kingdom,

Germany, and Poland may be carried forward indefinitely. Certain state net operating loss carryforwards of $164.6 million expire from 2023 through 2041, although many states now have unlimited carryforwards. We recorded a valuation allowance on all net operating losses, except losses generated in Canada (excluding FlyOver Canada Toronto), the Netherlands, and Sky Lagoon in Iceland. During 2022, we carried back $9.7 million of the $13.8 million 2021 Canadian net operating losses to receive a $3.5 million refund of prior year taxes and realized a $0.3 million tax benefit. The remaining $4.1 million of Canadian net operating losses may be carried forward to offset taxable income in the next 20 years, of which we recorded a valuation allowance of $1.6 million for FlyOver Canada Toronto. The gross net operating losses of Iceland of $15.9 million will expire between five and ten years. Net operating losses related to our prior operations in Switzerland and Hong Kong was $6.9 million. It is more likely than not these net operating losses will not be realized as we have closed our operations in these jurisdictions. Therefore, a full valuation allowance is recorded. However, realization of these net operating losses is possible until the legal liquidation is complete.

We have not recorded deferred taxes for withholding taxes on current unremitted earnings of our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and certain subsidiaries in Canada as there are no withholding taxes applied on the distributions of those current earnings in operations outside of the United States.

We exercise judgment in determining the income tax provision for positions taken on prior returns when the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We classify liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions as “Other deferred items and liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets unless expected to be paid or released within one year. We had liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions of $0.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and $0.5 million as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, these amounts do not include any accrual of interest nor penalties as none would be owed on these amounts. We elected that all uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, are classified as a component of income tax expense.

A reconciliation of the liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions (excluding interest and penalties) is as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	225
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years		25
Balance at December 31, 2020		250
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years		285
Balance at December 31, 2021		535
Reductions for lapse of applicable statutes		(23	)
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years		378
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	890

Our 2019 through 2021 United States federal tax years and various state tax years from 2018 through 2021 remain subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities. The tax years 2018 through 2021 remain subject to examination by various foreign taxing jurisdictions.

We received net cash refunds from income taxes of $0.8 million during 2022, $7.1 million during 2021, and $14.9 million during 2020. Most of the $3.8 million gross cash refunds in 2022 were from the result of the carryback of net operating losses in Canada and in certain United States’ states. These cash refunds were generally offset by $2.4 million of cash payments made in other operations in Canada, $0.3 million of minimum state income taxes and $0.3 million net payments of other foreign income and withholding taxes.

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Pension and Postretirement Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pension and Postretirement Benefits

Note 18. Pension and Postretirement Benefits

Domestic Plans

We have frozen defined benefit pension plans held in trust for certain employees which we funded. We also maintain certain unfunded defined benefit pension plans, which provide supplemental benefits to select management employees. These plans use traditional defined benefit formulas based on years of service and final average compensation. Funding policies provide that payments to defined benefit pension trusts shall be at least equal to the minimum funding required by applicable regulations.

We also have certain defined benefit postretirement plans that provide medical and life insurance for certain eligible employees, retirees, and dependents. The related postretirement benefit liabilities are recognized over the period that services are provided by employees. In addition, we retained the obligations for these benefits for retirees of certain sold businesses. While the plans have no funding requirements, we may fund the plans.

The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts of our pension plans recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) consist of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	—
Interest cost		478			419			653
Expected return on plan assets		93			(47	)		(145	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		444			623			526
Net periodic benefit cost		1,015			995			1,034
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other    comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss		(3,409	)		(883	)		1,587
Prior service credit		(518	)		—			—
Reversal of amortization item:
Net actuarial loss		(444	)		(623	)		(526	)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income		(4,371	)		(1,506	)		1,061
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other    comprehensive income (loss)	$	(3,356	)	$	(511	)	$	2,095

The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts of our postretirement benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) consist of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	34		$	70		$	51
Interest cost		179			181			296
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)		89			(6	)		(146	)
Recognized net actuarial (gain) loss		(152	)		115			18
Net periodic benefit cost		150			360			219
Settlement income		—			(65	)		—
Total expenses, net		150			295			219
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other    comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss		(2,540	)		(642	)		688
Prior service credit		509			—			—
Reversal of amortization items:
Net actuarial gain (loss)		152			(115	)		(18	)
Prior service (cost) credit		(89	)		6			146
Settlement income		—			65			—
Total recognized in other comprehensive income		(1,968	)		(686	)		816
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other    comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,818	)	$	(391	)	$	1,035

The following table indicates the funded status of the plans as of December 31:

													Postretirement
	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans						Benefit Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	15,191		$	16,331		$	9,170		$	9,776		$	10,134		$	12,219
Service cost		—			—			—			—			34			70
Interest cost		321			266			157			153			179			180
Plan amendments		(518	)		—			—			—			509			—
Actuarial adjustments		(2,621	)		(385	)		(2,815	)		(109	)		(2,540	)		(641	)
Benefits paid		(919	)		(1,021	)		(546	)		(650	)		(593	)		(1,694	)
Benefit obligation at end of year		11,454			15,191			5,966			9,170			7,723			10,134
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		11,647			11,878			—			—			—			—
Actual return on plan assets		(2,120	)		436			—			—			—			—
Company contributions		502			354			546			650			593			1,694
Benefits paid		(919	)		(1,021	)		(546	)		(650	)		(593	)		(1,694	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		9,110			11,647			—			—			—			—
Funded status at end of year	$	(2,344	)	$	(3,544	)	$	(5,966	)	$	(9,170	)	$	(7,723	)	$	(10,134	)

The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Pension and postretirement benefits” and “Other Current Liabilities” as of December 31 are as follows:

										Postretirement
	Funded Plans					Unfunded Plans				Benefit Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Non-current assets	$	(205	)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other current liabilities		—			—		570		701		687		755
Non-current liabilities		2,549			3,544		5,396		8,469		7,036		9,379
Net amount recognized	$	2,344		$	3,544	$	5,966	$	9,170	$	7,723	$	10,134

Amounts recognized in AOCI as of December 31 are as follows:

										Postretirement
	Funded Plans					Unfunded Plans				Benefit Plans					Total		Total
(in thousands)	2022			2021		2022		2021		2022			2021		2022		2021
Net actuarial loss (gain)	$	6,926		$	8,025	$	261	$	3,129	$	(1,088	)	$	1,299	$	6,099	$	12,453
Prior service (credit) cost		(518	)		—		—		—		613			195		95		195
Subtotal		6,408			8,025		261		3,129		(475	)		1,494		6,194		12,648
Less tax effect		—			—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Total	$	6,408		$	8,025	$	261	$	3,129	$	(475	)	$	1,494	$	6,194	$	12,648

The fair value of the domestic plans’ assets by asset class are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Domestic pension plans:
Fixed income securities	$	5,452	$	5,452	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		3,473		3,473		—		—
Cash		185		185		—		—
Other		—		—		—		—
Total	$	9,110	$	9,110	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Domestic pension plans:
Fixed income securities	$	5,935	$	5,935	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		5,297		5,297		—		—
Cash		230		230		—		—
Other		185		—		185		—
Total	$	11,647	$	11,462	$	185	$	—

We employ a total return investment approach whereby a mix of equities and fixed income securities is used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for a prudent level of risk. Risk tolerance is established through careful consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status, and corporate financial condition. The investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed income securities. Furthermore, equity securities are diversified across United States and non-United States stocks, as well as growth and value. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through quarterly investment portfolio reviews and annual liability measurements.

We utilize a building-block approach in determining the long-term expected rate of return on plan assets. Historical markets are studied and long-term historical relationships between equity securities and fixed income securities are preserved consistent with the widely accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatility generate a greater return over the long run. Current market factors such as inflation and interest rates are evaluated before long-term capital market assumptions are determined. The long-term portfolio return also considers diversification and rebalancing. Peer data and historical returns are reviewed relative to our assumed rates for reasonableness and appropriateness.

The following pension and postretirement benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

(in thousands)	Funded Plans		Unfunded Plans		Postretirement Benefit Plans
2023	$	992	$	585	$	705
2024	$	968	$	571	$	719
2025	$	1,022	$	554	$	710
2026	$	1,009	$	538	$	696
2027	$	938	$	519	$	672
2028-2032	$	4,352	$	2,287	$	2,857

Foreign Pension Plans

Certain of our foreign operations also maintain defined benefit pension plans held in trust for certain employees which are funded by the companies, and unfunded defined benefit pension plans providing supplemental benefits to select management employees. These plans use traditional defined benefit formulas based on years of service and final average compensation. Funding policies provide that payments to defined benefit pension trusts shall be at least equal to the minimum funding required by applicable regulations. The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) included the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	280		$	457		$	444
Interest cost		361			339			365
Expected return on plan assets		(393	)		(508	)		(530	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		105			171			162
Settlement		593			—			—
Net periodic benefit cost		946			459			441
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other    comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (income) loss		(724	)		(375	)		368
Reversal of amortization of net actuarial loss		(105	)		(171	)		(162	)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income		(829	)		(546	)		206
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other    comprehensive income (loss)	$	117		$	(87	)	$	647

The following table represents the funded status of the plans as of December 31:

	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	10,790		$	10,916		$	2,470		$	2,449
Service cost		280			457			—			—
Interest cost		283			270			78			69
Actuarial adjustments		(1,682	)		(475	)		(268	)		208
Benefits paid		(392	)		(462	)		(176	)		(185	)
Settlements		(2,616	)		—			—			—
Translation adjustment		(578	)		84			(147	)		(71	)
Benefit obligation at end of year		6,085			10,790			1,957			2,470
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		11,171			10,798			—			—
Actual return on plan assets		(1,597	)		623			—			—
Company contributions		222			133			176			185
Benefits paid		(392	)		(462	)		(176	)		(185	)
Settlements		(2,616	)		—			—			—
Translation adjustment		(588	)		79			—			—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		6,200			11,171			—			—
Funded status at end of year	$	115		$	381		$	(1,957	)	$	(2,470	)

The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Pension and postretirement benefits” and “Other Current Liabilities” as of December 31 were as follows:

	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2022		2021
Non-current assets	$	(115	)	$	(384	)	$	—	$	—
Other current liabilities		—			—			169		181
Non-current liabilities		—			—			1,788		2,300
Net amount recognized	$	(115	)	$	(384	)	$	1,957	$	2,481

Net actuarial losses for the foreign funded plans recognized in AOCI were $1.5 million ($1.2 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2022 and $2.0 million ($1.4 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2021. Net actuarial losses for the foreign unfunded plans recognized in AOCI were $0.6 million ($0.5 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2022 and $1.0 million ($0.8 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2021.

The fair value information related to the foreign pension plans’ assets is summarized in the following tables:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobserved Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Fixed income securities	$	3,965	$	3,965	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		2,036		2,036		—		—
Cash		199		199		—		—
Total	$	6,200	$	6,200	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobserved Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Fixed income securities	$	6,534	$	6,534	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		4,439		4,439		—		—
Other		198		198		—		—
Total	$	11,171	$	11,171	$	—	$	—

The following payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

(in thousands)	Funded Plans		Unfunded Plans
2023	$	368	$	172
2024	$	380	$	171
2025	$	378	$	171
2026	$	375	$	170
2027	$	374	$	169
2028-2032	$	1,968	$	828

Information for Pension Plans with an Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets

The accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31 were as follows:

	Domestic Plans
	Funded Plans				Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Projected benefit obligation	$	11,454	$	15,191	$	5,966	$	9,170
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	11,454	$	15,191	$	5,966	$	9,170
Fair value of plan assets	$	9,110	$	11,647	$	—	$	—

	Foreign Plans
	Funded Plans				Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Projected benefit obligation	$	6,085	$	10,790	$	1,957	$	2,470
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	5,727	$	10,150	$	1,957	$	2,470
Fair value of plan assets	$	6,200	$	11,171	$	—	$	—

Contributions

In aggregate for both the domestic and foreign plans, we anticipate contributing $0.6 million to the funded pension plans, $0.8 million to the unfunded pension plans, and $0.7 million to the postretirement benefit plans in 2023.

Weighted-Average Assumptions

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 were as follows:

	Domestic Plans
	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans						Postretirement Benefit Plans						Foreign Plans
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Discount rate		5.13	%		2.76	%		5.13	%		2.74	%		5.17	%		2.85	%		4.68	%		2.80	%
Rate of compensation increase	N/A			N/A			N/A				3.00	%	N/A			N/A				2.16	%		2.35	%

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs as of December 31 were as follows:

	Domestic Plans
	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans						Postretirement Benefit Plans						Foreign Plans
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Discount rate		2.73	%		2.32	%		2.73	%		2.35	%		2.85	%		2.47	%		4.71	%		2.34	%
Expected return on plan assets		3.75	%		4.75	%	N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A				4.47	%		3.76	%
Rate of compensation increase	N/A			N/A			N/A				3.00	%	N/A			N/A				2.16	%		2.35	%

Multi-employer Plans

We contribute to various defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees. The financial risks of participating in these multi-employer pension plans generally include the fact that the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by solvent participating employers. In addition, if we were to discontinue participating in some of our multi-employer pension plans, we could be required to pay a withdrawal liability amount based on the underfunded status of the plan. Currently, we do not anticipate triggering any withdrawal from any multi-employer pension plan to which we currently contribute. We also contribute to defined contribution plans pursuant to collective bargaining agreements, which are generally not subject to the funding risks inherent in defined benefit pension plans. The overall level of contributions to our multi-employer plans may significantly vary from year to year based on the demand for union-represented labor to support our operations. We do not have any minimum contribution requirements for future periods pursuant to our collective bargaining agreements for individually significant multi-employer plans.

Our participation in multi-employer pension plans for 2022 is outlined in the following table. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act zone status available in 2022 and 2021 relates to the plan’s year end as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is based on information received from the plan. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65% funded, plans in the yellow zone are less than 80% funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80% funded. The “FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented” column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan or a rehabilitation plan is either pending or has been implemented.

		Plan		Pension Protection Act Zone Status		FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented	Viad Contributions						Surcharge Paid	Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement(s)
(in thousands)	EIN	No.		2022	2021		2022		2021		2020
Pension Fund:
Western Conference of Teamsters Pension Plan	91-6145047		1	Green	Green	No	$	4,466	$	2,571	$	2,898	No	Continuous
Chicago Regional Council of Carpenters Pension Fund	36-6130207		1	Green	Green	Yes		2,255		658		608	No	5/31/2024
Southern California Local 831—Employer Pension Fund(1)	95-6376874		1	Green	Green	No		1,181		302		943	No	Continuous
IBEW Local Union No 357 Pension Plan A	88-6023284		1	Green	Green	No		912		628		843	No	Continuous
Machinery Movers Riggers & Mach Erect Local 136 Supplemental Retirement Plan(1)	36-1416355		11	Green	Yellow	Yes		900		176		337	Yes	6/30/2024
Southwest Carpenters Pension Trust	95-6042875		1	Green	Green	No		573		352		195	No	7/31/2023
New England Teamsters & Trucking Industry Pension	04-6372430		1	Red	Red	Yes		477		109		42	No	3/31/2027
Electrical Contractors Assoc. Chicago Local Union 134, IBEW Joint Pension Trust of Chicago Plan #2	51-6030753		2	Green	Green	No		384		306		509	No	Continuous
All other funds(2)								3,134		1,024		1,151
Total contributions to defined benefit plans								14,282		6,126		7,526
Total contributions to other plans								3,236		931		1,066
Total contributions to multi-employer plans							$	17,518	$	7,057	$	8,592

(1)We contributed more than 5% of total plan contributions for the plan year detailed in the plans’ most recent Form 5500s.

(2)Represents participation in 32 pension funds during 2022.

Other Employee Benefits

We match United States employee contributions to the 401(k) Plan with shares of our common stock held in treasury up to 100% of the first 3% of a participant’s salary plus 50% of the next 2%. The expense associated with our match was $3.5 million for 2022, $2.2 million for 2021, and $1.7 million for 2020. In April 2020, we suspended our 401(k) Plan employer match contributions, which were later reinstated in October 2020.

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Restructuring Charges

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring Charges

Note 19. Restructuring Charges

GES

As part of our efforts to drive efficiencies and simplify our business operations, we took certain restructuring actions designed to simplify and transform GES for greater profitability. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020, we accelerated our transformation and streamlining efforts at GES to significantly reduce costs and create a lower and more flexible cost structure focused on servicing our more profitable market segments. These initiatives resulted in restructuring charges related to the elimination of certain positions and continuing to reduce our facility footprint at GES, as well as charges related to the closure and liquidation of GES’ United Kingdom-based audio-visual services business. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we entered into an agreement with a third-party to outsource the management, cleaning, and storage of the aisle carpeting that we use at live events, which resulted in restructuring charges in 2021 when we vacated a facility.

Other Restructurings

We recorded restructuring charges in connection with the consolidation of certain support functions at our corporate headquarters and certain reorganization activities within Pursuit. These charges primarily consist of severance and related benefits due to headcount reductions.

Changes to the restructuring liability by major restructuring activity are as follows:

	GES						Other Restructurings
(in thousands)	Severance & Employee Benefits			Facilities			Severance & Employee Benefits			Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,935		$	1,339		$	239		$	4,513
Restructuring charges		6,563			5,784			1,093			13,440
Cash payments		(7,051	)		(2,573	)		(1,201	)		(10,825	)
Non-cash items(1)		—			(1,789	)		—			(1,789	)
Adjustment to liability		(7	)		5			(107	)		(109	)
Balance at December 31, 2020		2,440			2,766			24			5,230
Restructuring charges		1,829			4,107			130			6,066
Cash payments		(2,302	)		(3,506	)		(91	)		(5,899	)
Non-cash items(1)		—			(1,906	)		—			(1,906	)
Adjustment to liability		9			(28	)		(37	)		(56	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		1,976			1,433			26			3,435
Restructuring charges		624			2,351			84			3,059
Cash payments		(988	)		(863	)		(83	)		(1,934	)
Non-cash items(1)		—			(1,167	)		—			(1,167	)
Adjustment to liability		(3	)		64			(15	)		46
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,609		$	1,818		$	12		$	3,439

(1)Represents non-cash adjustments related to a write-down of certain ROU assets and leasehold improvements as a result of vacating certain facilities prior to the lease term during the year ended December 31, 2022, a write down of certain ROU assets as a result of vacating certain facilities prior to the lease term during the year ended December 31, 2021, and the closure and liquidation of GES’ United Kingdom-based audio-visual services business during the year ended December 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2022, $1.5 million of the liabilities related to severance and employee benefits and $1.5 million of liabilities related to facilities will remain unpaid by the end of 2023. The liabilities related to facilities primarily include dilapidations and non-lease

expenses that will be paid over the remaining lease terms. Refer to Note 23 – Segment Information, for information regarding restructuring charges by segment.

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Leases and Other

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases and Other

Note 20. Leases and Other

The balance sheet presentation of our operating and finance leases is as follows:

		December 31,
(in thousands)	Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet	2022		2021
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Operating lease ROU assets	$	102,777	$	95,915
Finance lease assets	Property and equipment, net		57,534		61,022
Total lease assets		$	160,311	$	156,937
Liabilities:
Current:
Operating lease obligations	Operating lease obligations	$	13,463	$	12,451
Finance lease obligations	Current portion of debt and finance obligations		2,978		2,928
Noncurrent:
Operating lease obligations	Long-term operating lease obligations		101,297		93,406
Finance lease obligations	Long-term debt and finance obligations		61,751		60,473
Total lease liabilities		$	179,489	$	169,258

The components of lease expense consisted of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	4,264	$	4,280
Interest on lease liabilities		5,817		5,580
Operating lease cost		24,850		23,129
Short-term lease cost		2,545		1,444
Variable lease cost		5,566		4,372
Total lease cost, net	$	43,042	$	38,805

Other information related to operating and finance leases are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	23,024		$	23,320
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	6,089		$	3,926
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	3,845		$	3,223
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	24,050		$	38,838
Finance leases	$	5,139		$	43,241
	December 31,
	2022			2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases		8.51			8.54
Finance leases		34.07			34.95
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases		7.25	%		6.86	%
Finance leases		9.12	%		9.06	%

As of December 31, 2022, the estimated future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases, excluding variable leases and variable non-lease components, are as follows:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases			Finance Leases			Total
2023	$	23,267		$	8,743		$	32,010
2024		21,560			7,692			29,252
2025		20,055			6,869			26,924
2026		19,126			6,367			25,493
2027		15,886			6,205			22,091
Thereafter		60,268			180,055			240,323
Total future lease payments		160,162			215,931			376,093
Less: Amount representing interest		(45,402	)		(151,202	)		(196,604	)
Present value of minimum lease payments		114,760			64,729			179,489
Current portion		13,463			2,978			16,441
Long-term portion	$	101,297		$	61,751		$	163,048

As of December 31, 2022, the estimated future minimum rental income under non-cancellable leases, which includes rental income from facilities that we own, are as follows:

(in thousands)
2023	$	1,815
2024		1,569
2025		1,354
2026		1,111
2027		455
Thereafter		579
Total minimum rents	$	6,883

Lease Not Yet Commenced

As of December 31, 2022, we had executed a facility lease for which we did not have control of the underlying assets. Accordingly, we did not record the lease liability and ROU asset on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This lease is for a new FlyOver attraction, FlyOver Canada Toronto. The lease commencement date was originally planned for 2023, however, it has been postponed due to permitting and other related delays. Upon commencement date, it will have a lease term of 20 years.

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Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other

Note 21. Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other

We are plaintiffs or defendants in various actions, proceedings, and pending claims, some of which involve, or may involve, compensatory, punitive, or other damages. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties and it is possible that some of the legal actions, proceedings, or claims could be decided against us. Although the amount of liability as of December 31, 2022 with respect to unresolved legal matters is not ascertainable, we believe that any resulting liability, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.

On July 18, 2020, an off-road Ice Explorer operated by our Pursuit business was involved in an accident while enroute to the Athabasca Glacier, resulting in three fatalities and multiple other serious injuries. We continue to support the victims and their families. We immediately reported the accident to our relevant insurance carriers, who are also supporting the investigation and subsequent claims. In May 2022, we received charges from the Canadian office of Occupational Health and Safety in relation to this accident. We continue to cooperate fully with regulatory agencies regarding this accident. In addition, we believe that our reserves and, subject to customary deductibles, our insurance coverage is sufficient to cover potential claims and regulatory fines related to this accident.

We are subject to various United States federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations governing the prevention of pollution and the protection of the environment in the jurisdictions in which we have or had operations. If we fail to comply with these environmental laws and regulations, civil and criminal penalties could be imposed, and we could become subject to regulatory enforcement actions in the form of injunctions and cease and desist orders. As is the case with many companies, we also face exposure to actual or potential claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters relating to our past operations. As of December 31, 2022, we had recorded environmental remediation liabilities of $2.2 million related to previously sold operations. Although we are a party to certain environmental disputes, we believe that any resulting liabilities, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

As of December 31, 2022, on behalf of our subsidiaries, we had certain obligations under guarantees to third parties. These guarantees are not subject to liability recognition in the consolidated financial statements and relate to leased facilities and equipment leases entered into by our subsidiary operations. We would generally be required to make payments to the respective third parties under these guarantees in the event that the related subsidiary could not meet its own payment obligations. The maximum potential amount of future payments that we would be required to make under all guarantees existing as of December 31, 2022 would be $88.2 million. These guarantees relate to our leased equipment and facilities through January 2040. There are no recourse provisions that would enable us to recover from third parties any payments made under the guarantees. Furthermore, there are no collateral or similar arrangements pursuant to which we could recover payments.

A significant number of our employees are unionized and we are a party to approximately 100 collective bargaining agreements, with approximately one-third requiring renegotiation each year. If we are unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective bargaining process, the union may call for a strike or work stoppage, which may, under certain circumstances, adversely impact our business and results of operations. We believe that relations with our employees are satisfactory and that collective bargaining agreements expiring in 2023 will be renegotiated in the ordinary course of business. Although our labor relations are currently stable, disruptions could occur, with the possibility of an adverse impact on the operating results of GES. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits for additional information on specific union-related pension matters.

We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. The aggregate amount of insurance liabilities (up to our retention limit) related to our continuing operations was $9.9 million as of December 31, 2022, which includes $5.9 million related to workers’ compensation liabilities, and $4.0 million related to general liability claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold businesses of $2.1 million as of December 31, 2022. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits and the estimated employee health benefit claims incurred but not yet reported was $1.5 million as of December 31, 2022. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on our historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. A change in the assumptions used could result in an adjustment to recorded liabilities. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels, which generally range from $0.2 million to $0.5 million on a per claim basis. We do not maintain a self-insured retention pool fund as claims are paid from current cash resources at the time of settlement. Our net cash payments in connection with these insurance liabilities were $5.3 million for 2022, $2.8 million for 2021, and $5.0 million for 2020.

In addition, as of December 31, 2022, we have recorded insurance liabilities of $8.2 million related to continuing operations, which represents the amount for which we remain the primary obligor after self-insured insurance limits, without taking into consideration the above-referenced insurance coverage. Of this total, $6.4 million is related to workers’ compensation liabilities and $1.8 million is related to general/auto liability claims, which is recorded in “Other deferred items and liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding receivable in “Other investments and assets.”

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Noncontrolling Interests- Redeemable and Non-redeemable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

Note 22. Noncontrolling Interests – Redeemable and Non-redeemable

Redeemable noncontrolling interest

On November 3, 2017, we acquired the controlling interest (54.5% of the common stock) in Esja, a private corporation in Reykjavik, Iceland. Subsequent to additional capital contributions, our equity ownership increased to 56.4% as of December 31, 2022. Through Esja and its wholly-owned subsidiary, we are operating the FlyOver Iceland attraction.

The minority Esja shareholders have the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a multiple of 5.0x EBITDA as calculated on the trailing 12 months from the most recently completed quarter before the put option exercise. The put option is only exercisable after August 2022 (the “Reference Date”), and in the event the FlyOver Iceland attraction has earned a minimum of €3.25 million in unadjusted EBITDA during the most recent fiscal year and during the trailing 12-month period prior to exercise (the “Put Option Condition”). The put option is exercisable during a period of 12 months following the Reference Date (the “Option Period”) if the Put Option Condition has been met. If the Put Option Condition has not been met during the first Option Period, the Reference Date will be extended for an additional 12 months up to three times. If after 72 months, the FlyOver Iceland attraction has not achieved the Put Option Condition, the put option expires. If the Put Option Condition is met during any of the Option Periods, yet the shares are not exercised prior to the end of the 12-month Option Period, the put option will expire.

The noncontrolling interest’s carrying value is determined by the fair value of the noncontrolling interest as of the acquisition date and the noncontrolling interest’s share of the subsequent net income or loss. This value is benchmarked against the redemption value of the sellers’ put option. The carrying value is adjusted to the redemption value, provided that it does not fall below the initial carrying value, as determined by the purchase price allocation. We have made a policy election to reflect any changes caused by such an adjustment to retained earnings (accumulated deficit), rather than to current earnings (loss).

Changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interest are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	5,225
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		(1,766	)
Adjustment to the redemption value		1,797
Capital contributions		341
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(153	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		5,444
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		(748	)
Adjustment to the redemption value		763
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(503	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	4,956

Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest

Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. Our non-redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to the equity ownership interest that we do not own.

Changes in the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest are as follows:

(in thousands)	Glacier Park Inc.			Brewster (1)			Sky Lagoon			Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	13,953		$	51,295		$	12,896		$	78,144
Net loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		1,360			1,399			(1,073	)		1,686
Acquisitions		—			6,759			—			6,759
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			(1,160	)		—			(1,160	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		2			308			(183	)		127
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	15,315		$	58,601		$	11,640		$	85,556
Net income (loss) attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		1,394			1,675			(746	)		2,323
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			(570	)		—			(570	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(19	)		(4,004	)		(976	)		(4,999	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	16,690		$	55,702		$	9,918		$	82,310
Equity ownership interest that we do not own		20	%		40	%		49	%

(1)Includes Mountain Park Lodges and the Golden Skybridge at Brewster, part of the Banff Jasper Collection.

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Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Note 23. Segment Information

An operating segment is defined as a component of an enterprise that engages in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer.

During the first quarter of 2022, we changed our segment reporting as a result of operational changes and how our CODM reviews the financial performance of GES and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. Accordingly, GES’ new reportable segments are Spiro and GES Exhibitions. We made no changes to the Pursuit reportable segment.

We measure the profit and performance of our operations on the basis of segment operating income (loss) which excludes restructuring charges, impairment charges, gain (loss) from disposition of strategic assets, and certain other corporate expenses that are not allocated to the reportable segments. Intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation and intersegment transfers are not significant. Corporate activities include expenses not allocated to operations.

Our reportable segments, with reconciliations to consolidated totals, are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Revenue:
Pursuit	$	299,327		$	187,048		$	76,810
GES:
Spiro		277,641			116,587			102,027
GES Exhibitions		557,880			209,529			238,705
GES intersegment eliminations		(7,537	)		(5,824	)		(2,107	)
Total GES		827,984			320,292			338,625
Total revenue	$	1,127,311		$	507,340		$	415,435
Segment operating income (loss):
Pursuit	$	24,031		$	4,609		$	(42,343	)
GES:
Spiro		23,133			(9,556	)		(41,217	)
GES Exhibitions		21,780			(42,055	)		(32,680	)
Total GES		44,913			(51,611	)		(73,897	)
Segment operating income (loss)		68,944			(47,002	)		(116,240	)
Corporate eliminations (1)		67			70			65
Corporate activities		(13,418	)		(11,689	)		(8,687	)
Gain on sale of ON Services		19,637			—			—
Interest expense, net		(34,891	)		(28,324	)		(17,887	)
Other expense, net		(2,077	)		(2,070	)		(1,594	)
Restructuring charges:
Pursuit		(55	)		(85	)		(132	)
Spiro		(1,015	)		(575	)		(1,011	)
GES Exhibitions		(1,960	)		(5,361	)		(11,336	)
Corporate		(29	)		(45	)		(961	)
Impairment charges:
Pursuit		—			—			(1,758	)
Spiro		—			—			(43,403	)
GES Exhibitions		(583	)		—			(157,915	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$	34,620		$	(95,081	)	$	(360,859	)

(1)Corporate eliminations represent the elimination of depreciation expense recorded by Pursuit associated with previously eliminated intercompany profit realized by GES for renovations to Pursuit’s Banff Gondola.

Additional information of our reportable segments is as follows:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Depreciation:
Pursuit	$	31,075	$	27,360	$	24,761
Spiro		3,599		4,769		6,975
GES Exhibitions		8,315		11,550		14,634
Corporate		43		34		97
	$	43,032	$	43,713	$	46,467
Amortization:
Pursuit	$	5,021	$	5,108	$	3,633
Spiro		242		509		1,306
GES Exhibitions		4,188		4,420		5,159
	$	9,451	$	10,037	$	10,098
Capital expenditures:
Pursuit	$	56,775	$	54,325	$	43,177
Spiro		2,923		578		1,570
GES Exhibitions		7,342		2,557		8,820
Corporate and other		130		476		—
	$	67,170	$	57,936	$	53,567

We do not report total assets by segment because this is not a metric used to allocate resources or evaluate segment performance.

Geographic Areas

Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries. GES revenue is designated as domestic or foreign based on the originating location of the product or service. Long-lived assets are attributed to domestic or foreign based principally on the physical location of the assets. Long-lived assets consist of “Property and equipment, net” and “Other investments and assets.” The table below presents the financial information by major geographic area:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Revenue:
United States	$	703,379	$	312,265	$	290,541
EMEA		207,339		96,603		56,656
Canada		216,593		98,472		68,238
Total revenue	$	1,127,311	$	507,340	$	415,435
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	190,917	$	179,756	$	173,790
EMEA		85,680		91,877		56,996
Canada		290,438		294,193		276,860
Total long-lived assets	$	567,035	$	565,826	$	507,646

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Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note 24. Subsequent Events

Interest Rate Cap Agreement

On January 4, 2023, we entered into an interest rate cap agreement with an effective date of January 31, 2023. The interest rate cap manages our exposure to interest rate increases on $300 million in borrowings under our 2021 Credit Facility and provides us with the right to receive payment if the one-month SOFR exceeds 5.00%. Beginning on February 28, 2023, we will pay a fixed monthly deferred premium based on an annual rate of 0.3335% for the interest rate cap, which matures on January 31, 2025.

LIBOR Transition Amendment

On February 6, 2023, we entered into the LIBOR Transition Amendment to the 2021 Credit Facility to replace LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). In accordance with the LIBOR replacement provisions outlined in the 2021 Credit Facility, additional credit spread adjustments apply to SOFR ranging from 0.11448% (for a one-month duration) up to 0.71513% (for a 12-month duration). For additional information on the 2021 Credit Facility, refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations.

Forest Park Construction Loan Amendment

During January 2023, we completed our final borrowing under the Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility and the facility was converted, by way of an amendment to the loan agreement, to a term loan with a fixed interest rate of 6.5% effective January 31, 2023. The term loan matures on February 1, 2028 and requires interest only payments through July 31, 2024. For additional information on the Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility, refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations.

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Schedule II - Valuation And Qualifying Accounts

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

VIAD CORP

SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

			Additions					Deductions
(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Year		Charged to  Expense(1)			Charged to  Other Accounts		Write-Offs			Other(2)			Balance at End of Year
Allowances for doubtful accounts:
December 31, 2020		1,200		6,712			17		(2,628	)		9			5,310
December 31, 2021		5,310		(2,700	)		1		(680	)		(123	)		1,808
December 31, 2022		1,808		1,580			—		(1,064	)		(150	)		2,174
Deferred tax valuation allowance:
December 31, 2020		4,276		77,369			—		—			150			81,795
December 31, 2021		81,795		21,859			—		—			(144	)		103,510
December 31, 2022		103,510		(702	)		—		—			(1,169	)		101,639

(1)Includes bad debt recoveries.

(2)“Other” primarily includes foreign exchange translation adjustments.

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Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Viad and its subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant intercompany account balances and transactions in consolidation.

Nature of Business

Nature of Business

We are a leading global provider of extraordinary experiences, including hospitality and leisure activities, experiential marketing, and live events.

We operate through three reportable segments: Pursuit, Spiro, and GES Exhibitions.

During the first quarter of 2022, we rebranded GES’ brand experiences business and introduced Spiro to the market to accelerate our growth by servicing the changing needs of today’s brand marketers across a broader spectrum of their experiential marketing needs. Spiro and GES Exhibitions are both live event businesses and are collectively referred to as “GES.”

Pursuit

Pursuit is a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences that includes recreational attractions, unique hotels and lodges, food and beverage, retail, sightseeing, and ground transportation services. Pursuit comprises the Banff Jasper Collection, the Alaska Collection, the Glacier Park Collection, FlyOver, and Sky Lagoon.

Spiro

Spiro is an experiential marketing agency that partners with leading brands around the world to manage and elevate their global experiential marketing activities.

GES Exhibitions

GES Exhibitions is a global exhibition services company that partners with leading exhibition and conference organizers as a full-service provider of strategic and logistics solutions to manage the complexity of their shows.

Impact of COVID-19 and Macroeconomic Factors

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the economies of countries in which we operate, including supply chain and labor challenges, and the ability of guests to travel from certain countries. However, during 2022 international tourism and live event activity continued to improve and demand for our products and services remained strong. It is not currently possible to estimate the duration and continued evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore no assurance can be given that an extended period of global economic disruption would not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations in future periods.

During 2022, changes in macroeconomic facts and circumstances, particularly high inflation and the resulting rise in interest rates, has increased our interest expense. The additional impacts of these macroeconomic developments on our operations cannot be predicted with certainty, but could have adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations in future periods.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

During the first quarter of 2022, we changed our segment reporting as a result of operational changes and how our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews the financial performance of GES and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. As a result, we changed the presentation of certain items in GES’ disaggregation of revenue and reportable segments. Refer to Note 2 – Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities and Note 23 – Segment Information for additional information. We reclassified certain prior-year amounts to conform to current-period presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on our results of operations or cash flows.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things: impairment

testing of recorded goodwill and intangible assets and long-lived assets; allowances for uncollectible accounts receivable; sales reserve allowances; provisions for income taxes, including uncertain tax positions; valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets; liabilities for losses related to self-insured liability claims; liabilities for losses related to environmental remediation obligations; sublease income associated with restructuring liabilities; pension and postretirement benefit costs and obligations; share-based compensation costs; the discount rates used to value lease obligations; the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests; and the allocation of purchase price of acquired businesses. These estimates and assumptions may change as a result of the impact of global economic conditions, such as the uncertainty regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, global inflationary pressures, and volatility in foreign exchange rates. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash equivalents are highly-liquid investments with remaining maturities when purchased of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and bank demand deposits. Restricted cash represents collateral required for surety bonds, bank guarantees, letters of credit, and corporate credit cards.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	59,719	$	61,600
Restricted cash included in other current assets		4,845		2,703
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	64,564	$	64,303

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

Allowances for doubtful accounts reflect the best estimate of expected losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The allowances for doubtful accounts, including a sales allowance for discounts at the time of sale, are based upon an evaluation of the aging of receivables, historical trends, and the current economic environment.

Inventories

Inventories

We state inventories, which consist primarily of exhibit design and construction materials and supplies, as well as retail inventory, at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out and specific identification methods) or net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets: buildings, 15 to 40 years; equipment, 3 to 12 years; and leasehold improvements, over the shorter of the lease term or useful life. Property and equipment are tested for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable through undiscounted cash flows.

Leases

Leases

We recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the balance sheet and classify leases as either finance or operating leases. The classification of the lease determines whether we recognize the lease expense on an effective interest method basis (finance lease) or on a straight-line basis (operating lease) over the lease term. In determining whether an agreement contains a lease, we consider if we have a right to control the use of the underlying asset during the lease term in exchange for an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities at commencement date, which is when the underlying asset is available for use to a lessee, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

Our operating and finance leases are primarily facility, equipment, and land leases. Our facility leases comprise mainly manufacturing facilities, sales and design facilities, offices, storage and/or warehouses, and truck marshaling yards for our GES business. These facility leases have lease terms ranging up to 29 years. Our equipment leases comprise mainly vehicles, hardware, and office equipment, each with various lease terms. Our land leases comprise mainly leases in Canada and Iceland on which our Pursuit hotels or attractions are located and have lease terms ranging up to 46 years.

If a lease contains a renewal option that is reasonably certain to be exercised, then the lease term includes the optional periods in measuring a ROU asset and lease liability. We evaluate the reasonably certain threshold at lease commencement, and it is typically met if we identify substantial economic incentives or termination penalties. We do not include variable leases and variable non-lease components in the calculation of the ROU asset and corresponding lease liability. For facility leases, variable lease costs include the

costs of common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance for which we pay our lessors an estimate that is adjusted to actual expense on a quarterly or annual basis depending on the underlying contract terms. We expense these variable lease payments as incurred. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

Substantially all of our lease agreements do not specify an implicit borrowing rate, and as such, we utilize an incremental borrowing rate based on lease term and country in order to calculate the present value of our future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents a risk-adjusted rate on a collateralized basis and is the expected rate at which we would borrow funds to satisfy the scheduled lease liability payment streams commensurate with the lease term and the country.

We are also a lessor to third party tenants who either lease certain portions of facilities that we own or sublease certain portions of facilities that we lease. We record lease income from owned facilities as rental income and we record sublease income from leased facilities as an offset to lease expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We classify all of our leases for which we are the lessor as operating leases.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) to estimate the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing. The estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and terminal values require considerable judgment and are based on market conditions, financial forecasts, industry trends, and historical experience. These estimates, however, have inherent uncertainties and different assumptions could lead to materially different results.

Self-Insurance Liabilities

Self-Insurance Liabilities

We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold operations. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels.

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

Environmental remediation liabilities represent the estimated cost of environmental remediation obligations primarily associated with previously sold operations. The amounts accrued primarily consist of the estimated direct incremental costs, on an undiscounted basis, for contractor and other services related to remedial actions and post-remediation site monitoring. Environmental remediation liabilities are recorded when the specific obligation is considered probable and the costs are reasonably estimable. Subsequent recoveries from third parties, if any, are recorded through discontinued operations when realized. Environmental insurance is maintained that provides coverage for new and undiscovered pre-existing conditions at both our continuing and discontinued operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.

Convertible Preferred Stock

Convertible Preferred Stock

We record shares of convertible preferred stock based on proceeds received net of costs on the date of issuance. Dividends paid-in-kind increase the redemption value of the preferred stock. Redeemable preferred stock (including preferred stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) is classified as mezzanine equity and is reported between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Noncontrolling Interests - Non-redeemable and Redeemable

Noncontrolling Interests – Non-redeemable and Redeemable

Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. We report non-redeemable noncontrolling interest within stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of

consolidated net income or loss attributable to Viad and the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We consider noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within our control to be redeemable noncontrolling interests. Our redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to our 56.4% equity ownership interest in Esja Attractions ehf. (“Esja”), which owns the FlyOver Iceland attraction. The Esja shareholders agreement contains a put option that gives the minority Esja shareholders the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a calculated formula within a predefined term. This redeemable noncontrolling interest is considered mezzanine equity and we report it between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of the net income or loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the accretion of the redemption value is recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings or accumulated deficit and is included in our income (loss) per share. Refer to Note 22 – Noncontrolling Interests – Redeemable and Non-redeemable for additional information.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation

Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, for purposes of consolidation, we translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the translation of these foreign denominated assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For purposes of consolidation, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses related to our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. We also have certain loans and leases in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency, which results in gains or losses as exchange rates fluctuate and are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured based on a specified amount of consideration in a contract with a customer, net of commissions paid to customers and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a product or delivering the service to a customer.

Pursuit’s service revenue is derived through its admissions, accommodations, and transportation services. Product revenue is derived through food and beverage and retail sales. Revenue is recognized at the time services are performed or upon delivery of the product. Pursuit’s service revenue is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits, and product revenue is recognized at a point in time.

GES’ service revenue is primarily derived through its comprehensive range of marketing, event production, and other related services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers. GES’ service revenue is earned over time over the duration of the live event, which generally lasts one to three days. Revenue for goods and services provided for which we do not have control of the goods or services before that good or service is transferred to a customer is recorded on a net basis to reflect only the fees received for arranging these services. GES’ product revenue is derived from the build of exhibits, environments, and graphics and is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the product.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation costs related to all share-based payment awards are recognized and measured using the fair value method of accounting. These awards generally include restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), and stock options, and contain forfeiture and non-compete provisions. We issue share-based payment awards from shares held in treasury. Future vesting is generally subject to continued employment. Holders of share-based awards have the right to receive dividends and vote the shares, but may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge, or otherwise encumber the stock, except to the extent restrictions have lapsed and in accordance with our stock trading policy.

We account for share-based payment awards that will be settled in cash as liability-based awards, which includes PRSUs and restricted stock units. We measure share-based compensation expense of liability-based awards at fair value at each reporting date until the date of settlement based on the number of units expected to vest and, where applicable, the level of achievement of predefined performance goals. These awards are remeasured on each reporting date based on our stock price and the Monte Carlo simulation model. A Monte Carlo simulation requires the use of several assumptions, including historical volatility and correlation between our stock price and the price of the common shares of a comparator group, a risk-free rate of return, and an expected term. Share-based compensation expense related to liability-based awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period of approximately three years.

We account for share-based awards that will be settled in shares of our common stock as equity-based awards, which include PRSUs, restricted stock units, and restricted stock awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of equity-based awards at fair value on the grant date on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The estimated number of shares to be achieved is updated each reporting period based on the number of units expected to vest and, where applicable, the level of achievement of predefined performance goals, until the date of settlement. Share-based compensation expense related to equity-based awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period ranging from one to three years.

The fair value of stock option grants is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes stock option pricing model. We grant non-qualified stock options that are performance-based and service-based. The performance-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period ranging up to 3.4 years, and the underlying shares expected to be settled are adjusted each reporting period based on estimated future achievement of the respective performance metrics. The service-based awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period on a graded-vesting schedule ranging from one to three years. The exercise price of stock options is based on the market value of our common stock at the date of grant.

Common Stock in Treasury

Common Stock in Treasury

Common stock purchased for treasury is recorded at historical cost. Subsequent share reissuances are primarily related to share-based compensation programs and recorded at weighted-average cost.

Income Per Common Share

Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Diluted income (loss) per common share is calculated using the more dilutive of the two-class method or as-converted method. The two-class method uses net income (loss) available to common stockholders and assumes conversion of all potential shares other than the participating securities. The as-converted method uses net income (loss) available to common shareholders and assumes conversion of all potential shares including the participating securities. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options, unvested restricted share units and convertible preferred stock. We apply the two-class method in calculating income (loss) per common share as unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends and preferred stock are considered participating securities. Accordingly, such securities are included in the earnings allocation in calculating income (loss) per share. The adjustment to the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest is reflected in income (loss) per common share.

Government Assistance

Government Assistance

We received government assistance of approximately $2.7 million in 2022, $21.6 million in 2021, and $27.7 million in 2020. Benefits received were primarily from the Canadian Emergency Wage Subsidy (“CEWS”) program, the United Kingdom’s COVID Job Retention Scheme (“CJRS”), and two Netherlands programs referred to as NOW and TVL. We have no provisions for recapture and are currently completing the audit process for the NOW proceeds received in 2021.

The CEWS program was implemented by the Canadian government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for businesses operating in Canada. Our Canadian subsidiaries within Pursuit and GES qualified for and applied for these CEWS cash benefits to partially offset the impacts of revenue reductions and on-going staffing costs. During 2022, GES received approximately $1.4 million in CEWS benefits. During 2021, Pursuit received approximately $11.6 million and GES received approximately $1.9 million. During 2020, Pursuit received approximately $12.8 million and GES received approximately $1.2 million. The CEWS benefits were recorded to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The CJRS program was implemented by the United Kingdom government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to allow employers to retain and continue to pay their furloughed employees. Furloughed employees were paid 80% of their salary up to a maximum of GBP 2,500 per month. During July 2021, employers were required to contribute 10% of the furloughed employees salary, which increased to 20% before the program closed on September 30, 2021. Payments were handled by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, or HMRC. GES received approximately $0.9 million in 2021 and $8.4 million in 2020, which were recorded to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The NOW and TVL programs were implemented by the Dutch government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The NOW program is a temporary emergency bridging measure to reimburse up to 85% of employees’ salaries. This program is still in effect and payments are handled by the Employee Insurance Agency, or UWV. The TVL program is a business support program focused on non-labor business expenses. The amounts claimed is based on lost income of more than 30%. Payments are handled by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency, or RVO. GES received approximately $0.6 million in 2022, $3.0 million in 2021, and $2.2 million in 2020 for both NOW and TVL programs, which were recorded to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The remaining benefits received were from various other programs totaling $0.7 million in 2022, $4.2 million in 2021, and $3.1 million in 2020.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements:

Standard	Description	Date of adoption	Effect on the financial statements
Standards Not Yet Adopted
Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers	Amendment relates to the application of Topic 805, Business Combinations, to contracts with a customer acquired in a business combination after the acquirer has adopted Topic 606. ASU 2021-08 requires contract assets and contract liabilities to be accounted for as if they (the acquirer) entered into the original contract at the same time and same date as the acquiree.	1/1/2023	We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. We will apply the provisions of ASU 2021-08 after adoption to future acquisitions, if any. We do not expect this new guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50) Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations	Amendment requires that a buyer in a supplier finance program disclose key terms about the program in connection with the purchase of goods and services along with information about their obligations under these programs, including a rollforward of those obligations.	1/1/2023	This new guidance will expand our disclosures within the scope of this new standard that are reflected in the financial statements as of the adoption date. It does not affect the recognition, measurement, or financial statement presentation of obligations covered by supplier finance programs. We do not expect this new standard to have a material impact on our related disclosures.

Standard	Description	Date of adoption	Effect on the financial statements
Standards Recently Adopted
ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity	The amendment simplified the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models available for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. The amendment also requires expanded disclosures about the terms and features of convertible instruments.	1/1/2022	The adoption of this new standard on January 1, 2022 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832) Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance	Amendment improves the transparency of disclosures about government assistance received by business entities by requiring annual disclosure of: (1) the types of government assistance received; (2) the accounting for such assistance; and (3) the effect of the assistance on a business entity’s financial statements.	1/1/2022	We provided the annual disclosure about government assistance in this Note 1 - Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies under the heading “Government Assistance.” The adoption of this new standard on January 1, 2022 did not otherwise have a material impact on our related disclosures.
ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848	Topic 848 provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. This amendment defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024.	12/21/2022	The sunset deferral date of Topic 848 was effective beginning on December 21, 2022, and we intend to utilize the relief of this amendment. There was no impact to our consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting this amendment.

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Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Balances

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	59,719	$	61,600
Restricted cash included in other current assets		4,845		2,703
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	64,564	$	64,303

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Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Changes in Contract Liabilities

Changes to contract liabilities are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	18,618
Cash additions		147,814
Revenue recognized		(126,573	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(197	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		39,662
Cash additions		158,567
Revenue recognized		(151,408	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(2,064	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	44,757

Summary of Changes in Contract Costs

Changes to contract costs are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	10,835
Additions		31,923
Expenses		(27,935	)
Cancelled		(976	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(57	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		13,790
Additions		62,038
Expenses		(58,561	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(699	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	16,568

Disaggregate Pursuit and GES Revenue by Major Product Line Timing of Revenue Recognition and Markets Served

The following tables disaggregate Pursuit and GES revenue by major service and product lines, timing of revenue recognition, and markets served:

Pursuit

During the first quarter of 2022, we reallocated certain ancillary revenue presented in Pursuit’s services revenue to better align with how we analyze revenue and depict the nature of revenue. All prior periods have been reclassified to conform to this new presentation.

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Services:
Ticket revenue	$	114,936	$	61,166	$	19,939
Rooms revenue		77,019		57,603		26,383
Transportation		12,460		5,591		2,694
Other		14,143		8,564		3,567
Total services revenue		218,558		132,924		52,583
Products:
Food and beverage		47,275		28,953		10,295
Retail operations		33,494		25,171		13,932
Total products revenue		80,769		54,124		24,227
Total revenue	$	299,327	$	187,048	$	76,810
Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred over time	$	218,558	$	132,924	$	52,583
Products transferred at a point in time		80,769		54,124		24,227
Total revenue	$	299,327	$	187,048	$	76,810
Markets:
Banff Jasper Collection	$	152,863	$	82,728	$	46,913
Alaska Collection		39,434		37,344		6,282
Glacier Park Collection		57,760		45,276		17,596
FlyOver		24,445		10,693		6,019
Sky Lagoon(1)		24,825		11,007		—
Total revenue	$	299,327	$	187,048	$	76,810

(1)We opened Pursuit’s Sky Lagoon attraction in Reykjavik, Iceland on April 30, 2021.

GES

During the first quarter of 2022, we changed our segment reporting as a result of operational changes and how our CODM reviews the financial performance of GES and makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources. Accordingly, GES’ new reportable segments are Spiro and GES Exhibitions. As a result, we changed certain items in the following disaggregation of revenue table. All prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the new reporting structure.

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Service lines:
Spiro	$	277,641		$	116,587		$	102,027
GES Exhibitions		557,880			209,529			238,705
Intersegment eliminations		(7,537	)		(5,824	)		(2,107	)
Total revenue	$	827,984		$	320,292		$	338,625
Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred over time	$	693,482		$	268,218		$	298,945
Products transferred over time(1)		51,134			18,551			15,517
Products transferred at a point in time		83,368			33,523			24,163
Total revenue	$	827,984		$	320,292		$	338,625
Geographical markets:
North America	$	675,628		$	243,983		$	288,921
EMEA		176,086			82,242			53,384
Intersegment eliminations		(23,730	)		(5,933	)		(3,680	)
Total revenue	$	827,984		$	320,292		$	338,625

(1)GES’ graphics product revenue is earned over time over the duration of an event as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.

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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Share-Based Compensation (income) expense

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Performance-based restricted stock units	$	541		$	549		$	(2,187	)
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units		6,703			5,451			4,523
Stock options		2,997			1,727			317
Share-based compensation expense before income tax		10,241			7,727			2,653
Income tax benefit(1)		(117	)		(82	)		—
Share-based compensation expense, net of income tax	$	10,124		$	7,645		$	2,653

(1)The 2022 and 2021 income tax benefit amount primarily reflects the tax benefit associated with our Canadian-based employees. There was no income tax benefit in 2020 associated with our employees in the United States and the United Kingdom due to a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets within these jurisdictions. Refer to Note 17 – Income Taxes.

Summary of Activity of the Outstanding PUP Awards

The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding PRSU awards:

	Equity-Based PRSUs					Liability-Based PRSUs
	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2021		134,152		$	37.30		77,746		$	57.13
Granted		65,000		$	36.46		—		$	—
Vested		—		$	—		(36,758	)	$	58.31
Forfeited		(97,367	)	$	43.03		(913	)	$	56.23
Balance at December 31, 2022		101,785		$	31.28		40,075		$	56.06

Summary of Activity of the Outstanding Restricted Stock Awards And Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding restricted stock awards and restricted stock units:

	Equity-Based Restricted Stock Awards					Equity-Based Restricted Stock Units					Liability-Based Restricted Stock Units
	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2021		76,792		$	52.83		239,188		$	34.74		6,278		$	55.93
Granted		—		$	—		289,825		$	31.23		—		$	—
Vested		(52,127	)	$	52.21		(103,327	)	$	29.83		(3,709	)	$	56.66
Forfeited		(1,373	)	$	56.23		(13,667	)	$	36.89		(309	)	$	56.47
Balance at December 31, 2022		23,292		$	54.03		412,019		$	33.43		2,260		$	54.75

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes stock option activity:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021		312,008		$	31.01
Granted		233,970		$	33.96
Exercised		—		$	—
Forfeited		(120,000	)	$	19.30
Options outstanding at December 31, 2022		425,978		$	35.93	$	137,541
Options exercisable at December 31, 2022		100,103		$	32.39	$	137,541

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding represents the difference between our closing stock price at the end of the reporting period and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options.

Summary of Options Outstanding and Exercisable

The following table summarizes stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2022:

	Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable
Range of exercise prices	Shares		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Shares		Weighted-Average Exercise Price
$21.85		54,150		4.65	$	21.85		54,150	$	21.85
$33.96		233,970		6.15	$	33.96		—	$	—
$44.80		137,858		5.15	$	44.80		45,953	$	44.80
$21.85 - $44.80		425,978		5.64	$	35.93		100,103	$	32.39

Assumptions Used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model to Estimate the Fair Value of Each Stock Option Grant

Following is additional information on stock options granted during 2022 and the underlying assumptions used in assessing fair value:

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2022
Assumptions used to estimate fair value of stock options granted:
Risk-free interest rate		1.9	%
Expected term (in years)		4.5
Expected volatility		58.3	%
Expected dividend yield		—
Weighted average grant-date fair value per share of options granted	$	16.50

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Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The following table summarizes the final allocation of the aggregate purchase price paid and amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon the estimated fair value at the date of acquisition.

(in thousands)
Purchase price paid as:
Cash	$	26,507
Working capital adjustment		(961	)
Purchase price adjustment		125
Cash acquired		(177	)
Purchase price, net of cash acquired		25,494
Fair value of net assets acquired:
Inventory		370
Prepaid expenses and other		57
Property and equipment		6,487
Intangible assets		3,400
Total assets acquired		10,314
Customer deposits		1,575
Other current liabilities		32
Total liabilities assumed		1,607
Total fair value of net assets acquired		8,707
Excess purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired (“goodwill”)	$	16,787

Schedule of Allocation of Purchase Price

Following are details of the purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired for the Glacier Raft Company:

(in thousands)	Amount		Weighted Average Life
Customer relationships	$	1,800	12 years
Operating licenses		1,300	17 years
Trade name		300	8 years
Total	$	3,400	14 years

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Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventories

The components of inventories consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Raw materials	$	1,403	$	2,350
Finished goods		9,382		6,231
Inventories	$	10,785	$	8,581

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Other Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Restricted cash	$	4,845	$	2,703
Prepaid software maintenance		4,650		4,154
Prepaid project deposit		3,615		—
Prepaid vendor payments		2,084		1,604
Income tax receivable		322		1,901
Prepaid taxes		142		456
Prepaid other		1,836		1,165
Other		1,483		2,097
Other current assets	$	18,977	$	14,080

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Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021
Land and land interests(1)	$	30,902		$	30,532
Buildings and leasehold improvements		409,852			407,930
Equipment and other		413,485			413,684
Gross property and equipment		854,239			852,146
Accumulated depreciation		(362,195	)		(364,060	)
Property and equipment, net (excluding finance leases)		492,044			488,086
Finance lease ROU assets, net		57,534			61,022
Property and equipment, net	$	549,578		$	549,108

(1)Land and land interests include certain leasehold interests in land within Pursuit for which we are considered to have perpetual use rights. The carrying amount of these leasehold interests was $7.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $8.4 million as of December 31, 2021. These land interests are not subject to amortization.

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Other Investments and Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Summary of Other Investments and Assets

Other investments and assets consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Self-insured liability receivable	$	8,211	$	6,847
Other mutual funds		3,490		4,057
Contract costs		2,237		2,685
Other		3,519		3,129
Other investments and assets	$	17,457	$	16,718

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of the Goodwill Balances by Component and Segment

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	99,847
Business acquisition		11,776
Foreign currency translation adjustments		455
Balance at December 31, 2021		112,078
Business acquisition		16,787
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(7,436	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	121,429

Goodwill by reporting unit

The following table summarizes the remaining goodwill by reporting unit:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Pursuit:
Banff Jasper Collection	$	62,383	$	66,898
Alaska Collection		3,184		3,184
Glacier Park Collection		16,787		—
FlyOver		39,075		41,996
Total Goodwill	$	121,429	$	112,078

Summary of Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets consisted of the following:

		December 31, 2022							December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Useful Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer contracts and relationships	7.4	$	37,194	$	(30,109	)	$	7,085	$	36,848	$	(28,372	)	$	8,476
Operating contracts and licenses	34.1		38,993		(3,504	)		35,489		40,927		(2,660	)		38,267
In-place lease	33.8		14,420		(1,404	)		13,016		15,464		(1,084	)		14,380
Tradenames	4.0		5,546		(3,324	)		2,222		5,626		(2,819	)		2,807
Other	5.2		770		(163	)		607		824		(139	)		685
Total amortized intangible assets			96,923		(38,504	)		58,419		99,689		(35,074	)		64,615
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Business licenses			566		—			566		574		—			574
Other intangible assets		$	97,489	$	(38,504	)	$	58,985	$	100,263	$	(35,074	)	$	65,189

Estimated Future Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization

At December 31, 2022, the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:

(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
2023	$	4,565
2024		3,619
2025		2,321
2026		2,288
2027		1,891
Thereafter		43,735
Total	$	58,419

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Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Liabilities, Current [Abstract]

Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Continuing operations:
Foreign income taxes payable	$	8,354	$	965
Commissions payable		5,059		4,119
Accrued employee benefit costs		4,920		4,164
Self-insured liability		4,909		4,815
Accrued concession fees		4,297		964
Accrued sales and use taxes		4,082		3,428
Accommodation services deposits		2,208		892
Current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities		1,426		1,637
Accrued professional fees		898		1,671
Other		4,958		5,168
Total continuing operations		41,111		27,823
Discontinued operations:
Self-insured liability		458		312
Environmental remediation liabilities		46		60
Other		38		94
Total discontinued operations		542		466
Total other current liabilities	$	41,653	$	28,289

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Other Deferred Items and Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Other Deferred Items and Liabilities

Other deferred items and liabilities consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Continuing operations:
Foreign deferred tax liability	$	27,564	$	27,748
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal liability		13,815		14,260
Self-insured excess liability		8,211		6,847
Self-insured liability		5,028		5,119
Accrued compensation		4,977		5,696
Accrued restructuring		3,245		2,571
Other		3,071		2,758
Total continuing operations		65,911		64,999
Discontinued operations:
Environmental remediation liabilities		2,177		2,168
Self-insured liability		1,631		1,535
Other		305		251
Total discontinued operations		4,113		3,954
Total other deferred items and liabilities	$	70,024	$	68,953

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Debt and Finance Lease Obligations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt and Finance Obligations

The components of debt and finance obligations consisted of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands, except interest rates)	2022			2021
2021 Credit Facility - Term Loan B, 9.4% interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 5.5% at December 31, 2021, due through 2028(1)	$	395,000		$	399,000
Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility, 8.8% interest rate at December 31, 2022, due through 2027(1)		11,491			—
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility, 6.9% interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 4.9% at December 31, 2021, due through 2027(1)		4,965			5,566
FlyOver Iceland Term Loans, 10.1% weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2022 and 3.8% at December 31, 2021, due through 2024(1)		594			689
Less unamortized debt issuance costs		(11,848	)		(14,804	)
Total debt		400,202			390,451
Finance lease obligations, 9.1% weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, due through 2067		64,729			63,401
Financing arrangements		5,013			5,528
Total debt and finance obligations(2)(3)		469,944			459,380
Current portion		(13,192	)		(12,800	)
Long-term debt and finance obligations	$	456,752		$	446,580

(1)Represents the weighted-average interest rate in effect as of the end of the respective periods, including any applicable margin. The interest rates do not include amortization of debt issuance costs or commitment fees.

(2)The weighted-average interest rate on total debt (including unamortized debt issuance costs and commitment fees) was 9.3% for 2022, 6.4% for 2021 and 4.6% for 2020. The estimated fair value of total debt and finance leases was $301.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $328.9 million as of December 31, 2021. The fair value of debt was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently available for debt of similar terms and maturity, which is a Level 2 measurement. Refer to Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements.

(3)Cash paid for interest on debt was $34.3 million during 2022, $25.9 million during 2021, and $14.0 million during 2020.

Schedule of Aggregate Annual Maturities of Long-term Debt

Aggregate annual maturities of debt (excluding finance obligations) as of December 31, 2022 are as follows:

(in thousands)	Credit Facilities
Year ending December 31,
2023	$	5,201
2024		5,931
2025		5,480
2026		5,480
2027		14,958
Thereafter		375,000
Total	$	412,050

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Fair Value Assets Measured on Recurring Basis

The fair value information related to these assets is summarized in the following tables:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Other mutual funds(1)	$	3,490	$	3,490	$	—	$	—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$	3,490	$	3,490	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	11,003	$	11,003	$	—	$	—
Other mutual funds(1)		4,057		4,057		—		—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$	15,060	$	15,060	$	—	$	—

(1)We include other mutual funds in “Other investments and assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Income (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Income (loss) Per Share

The components of basic and diluted income (loss) per share are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2022			2021			2020
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad	$	23,220		$	(92,655	)	$	(374,094	)
Less: Allocation to participating securities		(3,600	)		—			—
Convertible preferred stock dividends paid in cash		(7,801	)		(3,900	)		—
Convertible preferred stock dividends paid in kind		—			(3,821	)		(3,006	)
Adjustment to the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest		(763	)		(1,797	)		(926	)
Net income (loss) allocated to Viad common stockholders (basic)	$	11,056		$	(102,173	)	$	(378,026	)
Add: Allocation to participating securities		30			—			—
Net income (loss) allocated to Viad common stockholders (diluted)	$	11,086		$	(102,173	)	$	(378,026	)
Basic weighted-average outstanding common shares		20,589			20,411			20,279
Additional dilutive shares related to share-based compensation		223			—			—
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares		20,812			20,411			20,279
Income (loss) per share:
Basic income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	0.54		$	(5.01	)	$	(18.64	)
Diluted income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders(1)	$	0.53		$	(5.01	)	$	(18.64	)

(1)Diluted loss per share amount cannot exceed basic loss per share.

Schedule of Excluded Weighted-Average Potential Common Shares from Calculations of Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Common Shares

We excluded the following weighted-average potential common shares from the calculations of diluted net income (loss) per common share during the applicable periods because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Convertible preferred stock		—		6,674		6,406
Unvested restricted share-based awards		23		176		115
Unvested performance share-based awards		8		32		—
Stock options		255		194		24

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in AOCI by component are as follows:

(in thousands)	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrecognized Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Credit, Net			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	(16,686	)	$	(13,955	)	$	(30,641	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		524			30			554
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax		—			2,658			2,658
Net other comprehensive income (loss)		524			2,688			3,212
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	(16,162	)	$	(11,267	)	$	(27,429	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(26,821	)		117			(26,704	)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax		—			6,948			6,948
Net other comprehensive income (loss)		(26,821	)		7,065			(19,756	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(42,983	)	$	(4,202	)	$	(47,185	)

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes

Income from continuing operations before income taxes consisted of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Foreign	$	40,178		$	(17,750	)	$	(95,919	)
United States		(5,558	)		(77,331	)		(264,940	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$	34,620		$	(95,081	)	$	(360,859	)

Summary of Significant Components of the Income Tax Provision From Continuing Operations

Significant components of the income tax provision from continuing operations are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021			2020
Current:
United States:
Federal	$	78	$	49		$	(128	)
State		302		(581	)		674
Foreign		7,773		(7,268	)		(1,397	)
Total current		8,153		(7,800	)		(851	)
Deferred:
United States:
Federal		45		—			17,171
State		—		—			2,896
Foreign		1,775		6,012			(4,970	)
Total deferred		1,820		6,012			15,097
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	9,973	$	(1,788	)	$	14,246

Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022					2021					2020
Computed income tax expense (benefit) at statutory federal income tax rate	$	7,270		21.0	%	$	(19,967	)	21.0	%	$	(75,780	)	21.0	%
State income tax expense (benefit), net of federal benefit		1,264		3.6	%		(7,959	)	8.4	%		(4,138	)	1.1	%
Remeasurement of deferred taxes due to change in tax rates		(499	)	(1.4	)%		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%
Foreign tax rate differential		733		2.1	%		(672	)	0.7	%		(401	)	0.1	%
U.S. tax expense on current year foreign earnings, net of foreign tax credits		401		1.2	%		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%
Goodwill impairment		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%		16,471		(4.6	)%
Change in valuation allowance		(702	)	(2.0	)%		21,859		(23.0	)%		77,369		(21.3	)%
Restructuring		—		0.0	%		4,676		(4.9	)%		(3,002	)	0.8	%
Other adjustments, net		1,506		4.3	%		275		(0.3	)%		3,727		(1.0	)%
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	9,973		28.8	%	$	(1,788	)	1.9	%	$	14,246		(3.9	)%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021
Deferred tax assets:
Tax credit carryforwards	$	7,461		$	6,491
Pension, compensation, and other employee benefits		16,287			14,755
Accrued liabilities and reserves		4,000			3,979
Net operating loss carryforwards		52,422			53,546
Leases		2,897			2,557
Goodwill and other intangible assets		5,100			17,781
Deferral of United States interest deductions		13,048			6,770
Other deferred income tax assets		9,601			11,194
Total deferred tax assets		110,816			117,073
Valuation allowance		(101,639	)		(103,510	)
Foreign deferred tax assets included above		(2,166	)		(5,037	)
United States net deferred tax assets		7,011			8,526
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment		(21,090	)		(24,100	)
Goodwill and other intangible assets		(10,857	)		(11,651	)
Leases		(295	)		(339	)
Other deferred income tax liabilities		(4,023	)		(4,254	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(36,265	)		(40,344	)
Foreign deferred tax liabilities included above		(29,170	)		(31,778	)
United States net deferred tax liabilities included above		(7,095	)		(8,566	)
United States net deferred tax liabilities	$	(84	)	$	(40	)

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions (excluding interest and penalties) is as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	225
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years		25
Balance at December 31, 2020		250
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years		285
Balance at December 31, 2021		535
Reductions for lapse of applicable statutes		(23	)
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years		378
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	890

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Pension and Postretirement Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) of Viad's Postretirement Benefit Plans

The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts of our pension plans recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) consist of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	—
Interest cost		478			419			653
Expected return on plan assets		93			(47	)		(145	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		444			623			526
Net periodic benefit cost		1,015			995			1,034
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other    comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss		(3,409	)		(883	)		1,587
Prior service credit		(518	)		—			—
Reversal of amortization item:
Net actuarial loss		(444	)		(623	)		(526	)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income		(4,371	)		(1,506	)		1,061
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other    comprehensive income (loss)	$	(3,356	)	$	(511	)	$	2,095

The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts of our postretirement benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) consist of the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	34		$	70		$	51
Interest cost		179			181			296
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)		89			(6	)		(146	)
Recognized net actuarial (gain) loss		(152	)		115			18
Net periodic benefit cost		150			360			219
Settlement income		—			(65	)		—
Total expenses, net		150			295			219
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other    comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss		(2,540	)		(642	)		688
Prior service credit		509			—			—
Reversal of amortization items:
Net actuarial gain (loss)		152			(115	)		(18	)
Prior service (cost) credit		(89	)		6			146
Settlement income		—			65			—
Total recognized in other comprehensive income		(1,968	)		(686	)		816
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other    comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,818	)	$	(391	)	$	1,035

The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) included the following:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	280		$	457		$	444
Interest cost		361			339			365
Expected return on plan assets		(393	)		(508	)		(530	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		105			171			162
Settlement		593			—			—
Net periodic benefit cost		946			459			441
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other    comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (income) loss		(724	)		(375	)		368
Reversal of amortization of net actuarial loss		(105	)		(171	)		(162	)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income		(829	)		(546	)		206
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other    comprehensive income (loss)	$	117		$	(87	)	$	647

Summary of Funded Status of the Plans

The following table indicates the funded status of the plans as of December 31:

													Postretirement
	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans						Benefit Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	15,191		$	16,331		$	9,170		$	9,776		$	10,134		$	12,219
Service cost		—			—			—			—			34			70
Interest cost		321			266			157			153			179			180
Plan amendments		(518	)		—			—			—			509			—
Actuarial adjustments		(2,621	)		(385	)		(2,815	)		(109	)		(2,540	)		(641	)
Benefits paid		(919	)		(1,021	)		(546	)		(650	)		(593	)		(1,694	)
Benefit obligation at end of year		11,454			15,191			5,966			9,170			7,723			10,134
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		11,647			11,878			—			—			—			—
Actual return on plan assets		(2,120	)		436			—			—			—			—
Company contributions		502			354			546			650			593			1,694
Benefits paid		(919	)		(1,021	)		(546	)		(650	)		(593	)		(1,694	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		9,110			11,647			—			—			—			—
Funded status at end of year	$	(2,344	)	$	(3,544	)	$	(5,966	)	$	(9,170	)	$	(7,723	)	$	(10,134	)

The following table represents the funded status of the plans as of December 31:

	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	10,790		$	10,916		$	2,470		$	2,449
Service cost		280			457			—			—
Interest cost		283			270			78			69
Actuarial adjustments		(1,682	)		(475	)		(268	)		208
Benefits paid		(392	)		(462	)		(176	)		(185	)
Settlements		(2,616	)		—			—			—
Translation adjustment		(578	)		84			(147	)		(71	)
Benefit obligation at end of year		6,085			10,790			1,957			2,470
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		11,171			10,798			—			—
Actual return on plan assets		(1,597	)		623			—			—
Company contributions		222			133			176			185
Benefits paid		(392	)		(462	)		(176	)		(185	)
Settlements		(2,616	)		—			—			—
Translation adjustment		(588	)		79			—			—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		6,200			11,171			—			—
Funded status at end of year	$	115		$	381		$	(1,957	)	$	(2,470	)

Net Amount Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets

The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Pension and postretirement benefits” and “Other Current Liabilities” as of December 31 are as follows:

										Postretirement
	Funded Plans					Unfunded Plans				Benefit Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Non-current assets	$	(205	)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other current liabilities		—			—		570		701		687		755
Non-current liabilities		2,549			3,544		5,396		8,469		7,036		9,379
Net amount recognized	$	2,344		$	3,544	$	5,966	$	9,170	$	7,723	$	10,134

The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Pension and postretirement benefits” and “Other Current Liabilities” as of December 31 were as follows:

	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2022		2021
Non-current assets	$	(115	)	$	(384	)	$	—	$	—
Other current liabilities		—			—			169		181
Non-current liabilities		—			—			1,788		2,300
Net amount recognized	$	(115	)	$	(384	)	$	1,957	$	2,481

Amounts Recognized in AOCI

Amounts recognized in AOCI as of December 31 are as follows:

										Postretirement
	Funded Plans					Unfunded Plans				Benefit Plans					Total		Total
(in thousands)	2022			2021		2022		2021		2022			2021		2022		2021
Net actuarial loss (gain)	$	6,926		$	8,025	$	261	$	3,129	$	(1,088	)	$	1,299	$	6,099	$	12,453
Prior service (credit) cost		(518	)		—		—		—		613			195		95		195
Subtotal		6,408			8,025		261		3,129		(475	)		1,494		6,194		12,648
Less tax effect		—			—		—		—		—			—		—		—
Total	$	6,408		$	8,025	$	261	$	3,129	$	(475	)	$	1,494	$	6,194	$	12,648

Fair Value of Plans' Assets by Asset Class

The fair value of the domestic plans’ assets by asset class are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Domestic pension plans:
Fixed income securities	$	5,452	$	5,452	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		3,473		3,473		—		—
Cash		185		185		—		—
Other		—		—		—		—
Total	$	9,110	$	9,110	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Domestic pension plans:
Fixed income securities	$	5,935	$	5,935	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		5,297		5,297		—		—
Cash		230		230		—		—
Other		185		—		185		—
Total	$	11,647	$	11,462	$	185	$	—

The fair value information related to the foreign pension plans’ assets is summarized in the following tables:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobserved Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Fixed income securities	$	3,965	$	3,965	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		2,036		2,036		—		—
Cash		199		199		—		—
Total	$	6,200	$	6,200	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobserved Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Fixed income securities	$	6,534	$	6,534	$	—	$	—
Equity securities		4,439		4,439		—		—
Other		198		198		—		—
Total	$	11,171	$	11,171	$	—	$	—

Payments and Receipts Reflecting Expected Future Service

The following pension and postretirement benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

(in thousands)	Funded Plans		Unfunded Plans		Postretirement Benefit Plans
2023	$	992	$	585	$	705
2024	$	968	$	571	$	719
2025	$	1,022	$	554	$	710
2026	$	1,009	$	538	$	696
2027	$	938	$	519	$	672
2028-2032	$	4,352	$	2,287	$	2,857

The following payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

(in thousands)	Funded Plans		Unfunded Plans
2023	$	368	$	172
2024	$	380	$	171
2025	$	378	$	171
2026	$	375	$	170
2027	$	374	$	169
2028-2032	$	1,968	$	828

Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets

The accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31 were as follows:

	Domestic Plans
	Funded Plans				Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Projected benefit obligation	$	11,454	$	15,191	$	5,966	$	9,170
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	11,454	$	15,191	$	5,966	$	9,170
Fair value of plan assets	$	9,110	$	11,647	$	—	$	—

	Foreign Plans
	Funded Plans				Unfunded Plans
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Projected benefit obligation	$	6,085	$	10,790	$	1,957	$	2,470
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	5,727	$	10,150	$	1,957	$	2,470
Fair value of plan assets	$	6,200	$	11,171	$	—	$	—

Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 were as follows:

	Domestic Plans
	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans						Postretirement Benefit Plans						Foreign Plans
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Discount rate		5.13	%		2.76	%		5.13	%		2.74	%		5.17	%		2.85	%		4.68	%		2.80	%
Rate of compensation increase	N/A			N/A			N/A				3.00	%	N/A			N/A				2.16	%		2.35	%

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs as of December 31 were as follows:

	Domestic Plans
	Funded Plans						Unfunded Plans						Postretirement Benefit Plans						Foreign Plans
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Discount rate		2.73	%		2.32	%		2.73	%		2.35	%		2.85	%		2.47	%		4.71	%		2.34	%
Expected return on plan assets		3.75	%		4.75	%	N/A			N/A			N/A			N/A				4.47	%		3.76	%
Rate of compensation increase	N/A			N/A			N/A				3.00	%	N/A			N/A				2.16	%		2.35	%

Multi-Employer Pension Plans

The “FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented” column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan or a rehabilitation plan is either pending or has been implemented.

		Plan		Pension Protection Act Zone Status		FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented	Viad Contributions						Surcharge Paid	Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement(s)
(in thousands)	EIN	No.		2022	2021		2022		2021		2020
Pension Fund:
Western Conference of Teamsters Pension Plan	91-6145047		1	Green	Green	No	$	4,466	$	2,571	$	2,898	No	Continuous
Chicago Regional Council of Carpenters Pension Fund	36-6130207		1	Green	Green	Yes		2,255		658		608	No	5/31/2024
Southern California Local 831—Employer Pension Fund(1)	95-6376874		1	Green	Green	No		1,181		302		943	No	Continuous
IBEW Local Union No 357 Pension Plan A	88-6023284		1	Green	Green	No		912		628		843	No	Continuous
Machinery Movers Riggers & Mach Erect Local 136 Supplemental Retirement Plan(1)	36-1416355		11	Green	Yellow	Yes		900		176		337	Yes	6/30/2024
Southwest Carpenters Pension Trust	95-6042875		1	Green	Green	No		573		352		195	No	7/31/2023
New England Teamsters & Trucking Industry Pension	04-6372430		1	Red	Red	Yes		477		109		42	No	3/31/2027
Electrical Contractors Assoc. Chicago Local Union 134, IBEW Joint Pension Trust of Chicago Plan #2	51-6030753		2	Green	Green	No		384		306		509	No	Continuous
All other funds(2)								3,134		1,024		1,151
Total contributions to defined benefit plans								14,282		6,126		7,526
Total contributions to other plans								3,236		931		1,066
Total contributions to multi-employer plans							$	17,518	$	7,057	$	8,592

(1)We contributed more than 5% of total plan contributions for the plan year detailed in the plans’ most recent Form 5500s.

(2)Represents participation in 32 pension funds during 2022.

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Restructuring Charges (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Changes to Restructuring Liability by Major Restructuring Activity

Changes to the restructuring liability by major restructuring activity are as follows:

	GES						Other Restructurings
(in thousands)	Severance & Employee Benefits			Facilities			Severance & Employee Benefits			Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,935		$	1,339		$	239		$	4,513
Restructuring charges		6,563			5,784			1,093			13,440
Cash payments		(7,051	)		(2,573	)		(1,201	)		(10,825	)
Non-cash items(1)		—			(1,789	)		—			(1,789	)
Adjustment to liability		(7	)		5			(107	)		(109	)
Balance at December 31, 2020		2,440			2,766			24			5,230
Restructuring charges		1,829			4,107			130			6,066
Cash payments		(2,302	)		(3,506	)		(91	)		(5,899	)
Non-cash items(1)		—			(1,906	)		—			(1,906	)
Adjustment to liability		9			(28	)		(37	)		(56	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		1,976			1,433			26			3,435
Restructuring charges		624			2,351			84			3,059
Cash payments		(988	)		(863	)		(83	)		(1,934	)
Non-cash items(1)		—			(1,167	)		—			(1,167	)
Adjustment to liability		(3	)		64			(15	)		46
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,609		$	1,818		$	12		$	3,439

(1)Represents non-cash adjustments related to a write-down of certain ROU assets and leasehold improvements as a result of vacating certain facilities prior to the lease term during the year ended December 31, 2022, a write down of certain ROU assets as a result of vacating certain facilities prior to the lease term during the year ended December 31, 2021, and the closure and liquidation of GES’ United Kingdom-based audio-visual services business during the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Leases and Other (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Balance Sheet Presentation of Operating and Finance Leases

The balance sheet presentation of our operating and finance leases is as follows:

		December 31,
(in thousands)	Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet	2022		2021
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Operating lease ROU assets	$	102,777	$	95,915
Finance lease assets	Property and equipment, net		57,534		61,022
Total lease assets		$	160,311	$	156,937
Liabilities:
Current:
Operating lease obligations	Operating lease obligations	$	13,463	$	12,451
Finance lease obligations	Current portion of debt and finance obligations		2,978		2,928
Noncurrent:
Operating lease obligations	Long-term operating lease obligations		101,297		93,406
Finance lease obligations	Long-term debt and finance obligations		61,751		60,473
Total lease liabilities		$	179,489	$	169,258

Components of Lease Expense

The components of lease expense consisted of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	4,264	$	4,280
Interest on lease liabilities		5,817		5,580
Operating lease cost		24,850		23,129
Short-term lease cost		2,545		1,444
Variable lease cost		5,566		4,372
Total lease cost, net	$	43,042	$	38,805

Schedule of Other Information Related to Operating and Finance Leases

Other information related to operating and finance leases are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	23,024		$	23,320
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	6,089		$	3,926
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	3,845		$	3,223
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	24,050		$	38,838
Finance leases	$	5,139		$	43,241
	December 31,
	2022			2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases		8.51			8.54
Finance leases		34.07			34.95
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases		7.25	%		6.86	%
Finance leases		9.12	%		9.06	%

Schedule of Estimated Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Non-cancellable Leases Excluding Variable Leases and Variable Non-lease Components

As of December 31, 2022, the estimated future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases, excluding variable leases and variable non-lease components, are as follows:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases			Finance Leases			Total
2023	$	23,267		$	8,743		$	32,010
2024		21,560			7,692			29,252
2025		20,055			6,869			26,924
2026		19,126			6,367			25,493
2027		15,886			6,205			22,091
Thereafter		60,268			180,055			240,323
Total future lease payments		160,162			215,931			376,093
Less: Amount representing interest		(45,402	)		(151,202	)		(196,604	)
Present value of minimum lease payments		114,760			64,729			179,489
Current portion		13,463			2,978			16,441
Long-term portion	$	101,297		$	61,751		$	163,048

Schedule of Estimated Future Minimum Rentals Under Non-cancellable Leases

As of December 31, 2022, the estimated future minimum rental income under non-cancellable leases, which includes rental income from facilities that we own, are as follows:

(in thousands)
2023	$	1,815
2024		1,569
2025		1,354
2026		1,111
2027		455
Thereafter		579
Total minimum rents	$	6,883

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Noncontrolling Interests- Redeemable and Non-redeemable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Summary of Changes in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

Changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interest are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	5,225
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		(1,766	)
Adjustment to the redemption value		1,797
Capital contributions		341
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(153	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		5,444
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		(748	)
Adjustment to the redemption value		763
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(503	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	4,956

Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest

Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. Our non-redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to the equity ownership interest that we do not own.

Changes in the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest are as follows:

(in thousands)	Glacier Park Inc.			Brewster (1)			Sky Lagoon			Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	13,953		$	51,295		$	12,896		$	78,144
Net loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		1,360			1,399			(1,073	)		1,686
Acquisitions		—			6,759			—			6,759
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			(1,160	)		—			(1,160	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		2			308			(183	)		127
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	15,315		$	58,601		$	11,640		$	85,556
Net income (loss) attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		1,394			1,675			(746	)		2,323
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			(570	)		—			(570	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(19	)		(4,004	)		(976	)		(4,999	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	16,690		$	55,702		$	9,918		$	82,310
Equity ownership interest that we do not own		20	%		40	%		49	%

(1)Includes Mountain Park Lodges and the Golden Skybridge at Brewster, part of the Banff Jasper Collection.

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Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Reconciliation of income statement items from reportable segments

Our reportable segments, with reconciliations to consolidated totals, are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020
Revenue:
Pursuit	$	299,327		$	187,048		$	76,810
GES:
Spiro		277,641			116,587			102,027
GES Exhibitions		557,880			209,529			238,705
GES intersegment eliminations		(7,537	)		(5,824	)		(2,107	)
Total GES		827,984			320,292			338,625
Total revenue	$	1,127,311		$	507,340		$	415,435
Segment operating income (loss):
Pursuit	$	24,031		$	4,609		$	(42,343	)
GES:
Spiro		23,133			(9,556	)		(41,217	)
GES Exhibitions		21,780			(42,055	)		(32,680	)
Total GES		44,913			(51,611	)		(73,897	)
Segment operating income (loss)		68,944			(47,002	)		(116,240	)
Corporate eliminations (1)		67			70			65
Corporate activities		(13,418	)		(11,689	)		(8,687	)
Gain on sale of ON Services		19,637			—			—
Interest expense, net		(34,891	)		(28,324	)		(17,887	)
Other expense, net		(2,077	)		(2,070	)		(1,594	)
Restructuring charges:
Pursuit		(55	)		(85	)		(132	)
Spiro		(1,015	)		(575	)		(1,011	)
GES Exhibitions		(1,960	)		(5,361	)		(11,336	)
Corporate		(29	)		(45	)		(961	)
Impairment charges:
Pursuit		—			—			(1,758	)
Spiro		—			—			(43,403	)
GES Exhibitions		(583	)		—			(157,915	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$	34,620		$	(95,081	)	$	(360,859	)

(1)Corporate eliminations represent the elimination of depreciation expense recorded by Pursuit associated with previously eliminated intercompany profit realized by GES for renovations to Pursuit’s Banff Gondola.

Additional information of our reportable segments is as follows:

Reconciliation of assets from reportable segments

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Depreciation:
Pursuit	$	31,075	$	27,360	$	24,761
Spiro		3,599		4,769		6,975
GES Exhibitions		8,315		11,550		14,634
Corporate		43		34		97
	$	43,032	$	43,713	$	46,467
Amortization:
Pursuit	$	5,021	$	5,108	$	3,633
Spiro		242		509		1,306
GES Exhibitions		4,188		4,420		5,159
	$	9,451	$	10,037	$	10,098
Capital expenditures:
Pursuit	$	56,775	$	54,325	$	43,177
Spiro		2,923		578		1,570
GES Exhibitions		7,342		2,557		8,820
Corporate and other		130		476		—
	$	67,170	$	57,936	$	53,567

Financial information by major geographic area

The table below presents the financial information by major geographic area:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Revenue:
United States	$	703,379	$	312,265	$	290,541
EMEA		207,339		96,603		56,656
Canada		216,593		98,472		68,238
Total revenue	$	1,127,311	$	507,340	$	415,435
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	190,917	$	179,756	$	173,790
EMEA		85,680		91,877		56,996
Canada		290,438		294,193		276,860
Total long-lived assets	$	567,035	$	565,826	$	507,646

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Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021	Jul. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Remaining benefits received from various other programs				$ 0.7		$ 4.2	$ 3.1
Remaining maturities of highly liquid instruments				three months or less	three months or less
Percentage of non equity ownership related redeemable noncontrolling interests				56.40%	56.40%
Government assistance received [Extensible Enumeration]				Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
Government assistance received				$ 2.7		$ 21.6	27.7
CEWS | GES
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Government assistance received				$ 1.4		1.9	1.2
CEWS | Pursuit
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Government assistance received						11.6	12.8
CJRS
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Employee salary reimbursement | £					£ 2,500
Employees' salaries reimbursement, percent				80.00%	80.00%
Percentage of employer matching contribution with employee gross pay		0.00%	10.00%
CJRS | GES
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Government assistance received						0.9	8.4
NOW
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Employees' salaries reimbursement, percent				85.00%	85.00%
NOW and TVL programs | GES
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Government assistance received				$ 0.6		$ 3.0	$ 2.2
Liability Based Awards
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share based compensation arrangements requisite service period				3 years	3 years
2021 Credit Facility
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Fees	$ 14.8
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility	500.0
Revolving Credit Facility
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity on line of credit				$ 13.3
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility	$ 450.0
Revolving Credit Facility | 2021 Credit Facility
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Maturity date	Jul. 30, 2026
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility	$ 100.0
Term Loan B | 2021 Credit Facility
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity on line of credit	$ 400.0
Maturity date	Jul. 30, 2028
Loans Proceeds Offset	$ 327.0
Maximum
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Lease expiration period				29 years	29 years
Share based compensation arrangements requisite service period				3 years	3 years
Share based compensation arrangement performance period				3 years 4 months 24 days	3 years 4 months 24 days
Maximum | TVL
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Non-labor business expenses claimed, percent				30.00%	30.00%
Maximum | Stock Options
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share based compensation arrangements requisite service period				3 years	3 years
Maximum | Equity Based Awards
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share based compensation arrangements requisite service period				3 years	3 years
Maximum | Building
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life				40 years	40 years
Maximum | Equipment
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life				12 years	12 years
Maximum | Land
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Lease expiration period				46 years	46 years
Minimum
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share based compensation arrangements requisite service period				1 year	1 year
Minimum | Stock Options
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share based compensation arrangements requisite service period				1 year	1 year
Minimum | Equity Based Awards
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Share based compensation arrangements requisite service period				1 year	1 year
Minimum | Building
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life				15 years	15 years
Minimum | Equipment
Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life				3 years	3 years

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Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 59,719	$ 61,600
Restricted cash included in other current assets	$ 4,845	$ 2,703
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current, Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$ 64,564	$ 64,303	$ 41,971	$ 62,004

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Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue recognition description of capitalized contract costs	Capitalized contract costs are expensed upon the transfer of the related goods or services and are included in “Costs of services” or “Costs of products” as applicable
Capitalized contract costs to obtain contracts	$ 16,600,000
Impairment loss on capitalized contract costs	$ 0	$ 0
GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Performance obligation description of payment terms	Payment terms are generally within 30-60 days and contain no significant financing components
GES | Minimum [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Performance obligation payment terms	30 days
GES | Maximum
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Performance obligation payment terms	60 days

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Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities - Summary of Changes in Contract Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Balance at January 1	$ 39,662	$ 18,618
Cash additions	158,567	147,814
Revenue recognized	(151,408)	(126,573)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(2,064)	(197)
Balance at December 31	$ 44,757	$ 39,662

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Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities - Summary of Changes in Contract Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Balance at January 1	$ 13,790	$ 10,835
Additions	62,038	31,923
Expenses	(58,561)	(27,935)
Cancelled		(976)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(699)	(57)
Balance at December 31	$ 16,568	$ 13,790

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Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities - Disaggregate Pursuit and GES Revenue by Major Product Line Timing of Revenue Recognition and Markets Served (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		$ 1,127,311	$ 507,340	$ 415,435
Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		299,327	187,048	76,810
GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		827,984	320,292	338,625
Operating Segments | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		299,327	187,048	76,810
Operating Segments | GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		827,984	320,292	338,625
Intersegment Eliminations | GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		(23,730)	(5,933)	(3,680)
North America | GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		675,628	243,983	288,921
EMEA | GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		176,086	82,242	53,384
Services Transferred Over Time | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		218,558	132,924	52,583
Services Transferred Over Time | GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		693,482	268,218	298,945
Products Transferred Over Time | GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	[1]	51,134	18,551	15,517
Products Transferred at a Point in Time | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		80,769	54,124	24,227
Products Transferred at a Point in Time | GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		83,368	33,523	24,163
Ticket revenue | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		114,936	61,166	19,939
Rooms revenue [Member] | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		77,019	57,603	26,383
Transportation | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		12,460	5,591	2,694
Other | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		14,143	8,564	3,567
Total Services | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		218,558	132,924	52,583
Food and Beverage | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		47,275	28,953	10,295
Retail Operations | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		33,494	25,171	13,932
Total Products Revenue
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		215,271	106,198	63,907
Total Products Revenue | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		80,769	54,124	24,227
Banff Jasper Collection | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		152,863	82,728	46,913
Alaska Collection | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		39,434	37,344	6,282
Glacier Park Collection | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		57,760	45,276	17,596
FlyOver | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		24,445	10,693	6,019
Sky Lagoon | Pursuit
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	[2]	24,825	11,007	0
spiro | GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		277,641	116,587	102,027
GES Exhibitions | GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		557,880	209,529	238,705
Intersegment eliminations | GES
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		$ (7,537)	$ (5,824)	$ (2,107)

[1] GES’ graphics product revenue is earned over time over the duration of an event as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.

[2] We opened Pursuit’s Sky Lagoon attraction in Reykjavik, Iceland on April 30, 2021.

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Share-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	May 24, 2022
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Common stock, capital shares reserved for future issuance				840,000
Capitalized share-based compensation costs	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Repurchase of common stock for employee tax withholding obligations amount	$ 1,428,000	1,626,000	1,688,000
Recognition period of unrecognized cost	1 year
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards	$ 2,300,000	1,400,000
Minimum [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Requisite service period	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share based compensation arrangement performance period	3 years 4 months 24 days
Requisite service period	3 years
Performance-based restricted stock units
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Vested, shares	0
Restructuring Charges
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation before income tax benefit	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
2017 Plan
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Useful Term of the plan	10 years
Registered number of shares				2,590,000
Common stock shares issuable	1,750,000
Shares available for grant	1,202,763
2007 Plan | Restricted Stock Awards And Restricted Stock Units
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Vested, shares	3,709	3,174	2,815
Payments to employees		$ 100,000	$ 200,000
Repurchase of common stock for employee tax withholding obligations amount	$ 1,400,000	$ 1,600,000	$ 1,700,000
Repurchase of common stock for employee tax withholding obligations amount, shares	43,887	37,686	42,185
Unamortized cost	$ 8,100,000
Recognition period of unrecognized cost	1 year 3 months 18 days
Liabilities related to restricted stock	$ 100,000	$ 200,000
Paid to employees as shares			$ 2,000,000.0
2007 Plan | Performance-based restricted stock units
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Awards with grant date fair value during the period	2,400,000
Payments to employees	400,000		2,600,000
Unamortized cost	$ 1,600,000
Recognition period of unrecognized cost	2 years
Liabilities related to restricted stock	$ 0	700,000
Paid to employees as shares		$ 0	$ 0

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Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Share-Based Compensation (income) expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Summary of share-based compensation expense
Share-based compensation expense before income tax		$ 10,241	$ 7,727	$ 2,653
Income tax benefit	[1]	(117)	(82)	0
Share-based compensation expense, net of income tax		10,124	7,645	2,653
Performance-based restricted stock units
Summary of share-based compensation expense
Share-based compensation expense before income tax		541	549	(2,187)
Restricted Stock Awards And Restricted Stock Units
Summary of share-based compensation expense
Share-based compensation expense before income tax		6,703	5,451	4,523
Stock Options
Summary of share-based compensation expense
Share-based compensation expense before income tax		$ 2,997	$ 1,727	$ 317

[1] The 2022 and 2021 income tax benefit amount primarily reflects the tax benefit associated with our Canadian-based employees. There was no income tax benefit in 2020 associated with our employees in the United States and the United Kingdom due to a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets within these jurisdictions. Refer to Note 17 – Income Taxes.

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Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Activity of the Outstanding PRSU Awards (Details) - Performance-based restricted stock units	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Beginning Balance, shares | shares	134,152
Granted, shares | shares	65,000
Vested, shares | shares	0
Forfeited, shares | shares	(97,367)
Ending Balance, shares | shares	101,785
Beginning Balance, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 37.30
Granted, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	36.46
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	0
Forfeited, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	43.03
Ending Balance, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 31.28
Beginning Balance, shares | shares	77,746
Vested, shares | shares	(36,758)
Forfeited, shares | shares	(913)
Ending Balance, shares | shares	40,075
Beginning Balance, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 57.13
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	58.31
Forfeited, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	56.23
Ending Balance, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 56.06

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Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Activity of the Outstanding Restricted Stock Awards And Restricted Stock Units (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Awards
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Beginning Balance, shares | shares	76,792
Granted, shares | shares	0
Vested, shares | shares	(52,127)
Forfeited, shares | shares	(1,373)
Ending Balance, shares | shares	23,292
Beginning Balance, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 52.83
Granted, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	0
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	52.21
Forfeited, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	56.23
Ending Balance, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 54.03
Restricted Stock Units
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Beginning Balance, shares | shares	239,188
Granted, shares | shares	289,825
Vested, shares | shares	(103,327)
Forfeited, shares | shares	(13,667)
Ending Balance, shares | shares	412,019
Beginning Balance, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 34.74
Granted, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	31.23
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	29.83
Forfeited, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	36.89
Ending Balance, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 33.43
Beginning Balance, shares | shares	6,278
Granted, shares | shares	0
Vested, shares | shares	(3,709)
Forfeited, shares | shares	(309)
Ending Balance, shares | shares	2,260
Beginning Balance, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 55.93
Granted, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	0
Vested, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	56.66
Forfeited, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	56.47
Ending Balance, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 54.75

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Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Options outstanding and exercisable
Options outstanding and exercisable Beginning Balance, Shares | shares	312,008
Granted, Shares | shares	233,970
Exercised, Shares | shares	0
Forfeited, Shares | shares	(120,000)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021 | shares	425,978
Options exercisable at December 31, 2021 | shares	100,103
Options outstanding and exercisable Beginning Balance, Weighted-Average Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 31.01
Granted, Weighted-Average Exercise Price | $ / shares	33.96
Exercised, Weighted-Average Exercise Price | $ / shares	0
Forfeited, Weighted-Average Exercise Price | $ / shares	19.30
Options outstanding at December 31,2022 | $ / shares	35.93
Options exercisable at December 31,2022 | $ / shares	$ 32.39
Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at December 31, 2021 | $	$ 137,541	[1]
Options exercisable at December 31, 2021 | $	$ 137,541	[1]

[1] The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding represents the difference between our closing stock price at the end of the reporting period and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options.

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Share Based Compensation - Summary of Options Outstanding and Exercisable (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2020
Exercise Price Range One
Share Based Compensation Shares Authorized Under Stock Option Plans Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise prices	$ 44.80
Shares	137,858
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	5 years 1 month 24 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price	$ 44.80
Shares	45,953
Weighted-Average Exercise Price	$ 44.80
Exercise Price Range Two
Share Based Compensation Shares Authorized Under Stock Option Plans Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise prices	$ 21.85
Shares	54,150
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	4 years 7 months 24 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price	$ 21.85
Shares	54,150
Weighted-Average Exercise Price	$ 21.85
Exercise Price Range Three
Share Based Compensation Shares Authorized Under Stock Option Plans Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise prices	$ 33.96
Range of exercise prices		$ 21.85
Shares	233,970
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	6 years 1 month 24 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price	$ 33.96
Shares	0
Weighted-Average Exercise Price	$ 0
Exercise Price Range Four
Share Based Compensation Shares Authorized Under Stock Option Plans Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise prices	21.85
Range of exercise prices	$ 44.80
Shares	425,978
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	5 years 7 months 20 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price	$ 35.93
Shares	100,103
Weighted-Average Exercise Price	$ 32.39

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Share Based Compensation - Assumptions Used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model to Estimate the Fair Value of Each Stock Option Grant (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2020
Share Based Compensation Shares Authorized Under Stock Option Plans Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate, Maximum	1.90%	0.31%
Expected life	4 years 6 months
Expected volatility, Maximum	58.30%	52.20%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%
Weighted average grant-date fair value per share of options granted	$ 16.50
Minimum [Member]
Share Based Compensation Shares Authorized Under Stock Option Plans Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Expected life		4 years 3 months 18 days
Maximum
Share Based Compensation Shares Authorized Under Stock Option Plans Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Expected life		5 years 4 months 24 days

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Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands, $ in Millions					12 Months Ended
	Dec. 15, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 06, 2022 USD ($) Logs	Mar. 18, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 18, 2021 CAD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination net assets property and equipment			$ 2,200
Business combination net assets noncontrolling interest			6,800
Business combination net assets goodwill			11,800
Gain on disposition of ON Services					$ (19,637)	$ 0	$ 0
Golden Skybridge
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price			$ 12,000	$ 15
Acquisition related costs						$ 400
Business acquisition date			Mar. 18, 2021	Mar. 18, 2021
Business acquisition expected open period			2021-06	2021-06
Percentage of controlling interest acquired			60.00%
Golden Skybridge | Development and Start Up Costs
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price			$ 4,800	$ 6
Glacier Raft Company
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price		$ 26,507
Number of log cabins | Logs		13
Acquisition related costs					$ 200
Business combination net assets property and equipment		$ 6,487
Total assets acquired		10,314
Other current liabilities		32
Other liability		1,607
Weighted average amortization period					14 years
Glacier Raft Company | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price		15,000
Glacier Raft Company | Cash [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price		$ 11,500
ON Services
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination net assets property and equipment	$ 6,000
Gain on disposition of ON Services	(19,600)
Total consideration	30,000
Total assets acquired	10,400
Net Working Capital	4,900
Accounts receivable	8,200
Other current assets	700
Non-current assets	5,500
Other current liabilities	4,000
Other liability	$ 500

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Acquisitions - Schedule of Recognized Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 06, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Mar. 18, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Property and equipment				$ 2,200
Goodwill		$ 121,429	$ 112,078
Glacier Raft [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price	$ 26,507
Net working capital adjustment	(961)
Purchase price adjustment	125
Cash acquired	(177)
Purchase price, net	25,494
Inventories	370
Prepaid expenses	57
Property and equipment	6,487
Intangible assets	3,400
Total assets acquired	10,314
Customer deposits	1,575
Other current liabilities	32
Total liabilities assumed	1,607
Total fair value of net assets acquired	8,707
Goodwill	$ 16,787

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Acquisitions - Schedule of Purchase Price Allocated to Intangible Assets Acquired (Details) - Glacier Raft [Member] $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 3,400
Weighted average amortization period	14 years
Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 1,800
Weighted average amortization period	12 years
Operating Licenses [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 1,300
Weighted average amortization period	17 years
Trade Names [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 300
Weighted average amortization period	8 years

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Inventories - Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Components of Inventories
Raw materials	$ 1,403	$ 2,350
Finished goods	9,382	6,231
Inventories	$ 10,785	$ 8,581

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Other Current Assets - Schedule of Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Restricted cash	$ 4,845	$ 2,703
Prepaid software maintenance	4,650	4,154
Prepaid project deposit	3,615	0
Income tax receivable	322	1,901
Prepaid vendor payments	2,084	1,604
Prepaid taxes	142	456
Prepaid other	1,836	1,165
Other	1,483	2,097
Other current assets	$ 18,977	$ 14,080

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Property and Equipment, Net - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment		$ 854,239	$ 852,146
Accumulated depreciation		(362,195)	(364,060)
Property and equipment, net (excluding finance leases)		492,044	488,086
Finance lease ROU assets, net		$ 57,534	$ 61,022
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment, net		$ 549,578	$ 549,108
Land and land interests
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	[1]	30,902	30,532
Buildings and leasehold improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment		409,852	407,930
Equipment and other
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment		$ 413,485	$ 413,684

[1] Land and land interests include certain leasehold interests in land within Pursuit for which we are considered to have perpetual use rights. The carrying amount of these leasehold interests was $7.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $8.4 million as of December 31, 2021. These land interests are not subject to amortization.

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Property and Equipment, Net - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Parenthetical) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Leasehold interests	$ 854,239	$ 852,146
Leasehold Land Interests | Pursuit
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Leasehold interests	$ 7,800	$ 8,400

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Property and Equipment, Net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense	$ 43,032	$ 43,713	$ 46,467
Property and equipment purchased through accounts payable and accrued liabilities, increased/decreased amount	800	2,300	6,900
Capitalized Interest	3,000
Impairment charges	$ 583	$ 0	203,076
Capitalized Software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment charges			$ 1,600

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Other Investments and Assets - Summary of Other Investments and Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]
Self-insured liability receivable	$ 8,211	$ 6,847
Other mutual funds	3,490	4,057
Contract costs	2,237	2,685
Other	3,519	3,129
Other investments and assets	$ 17,457	$ 16,718

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Goodwill Balances by Component and Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Line Items]
Balance, beginning	$ 112,078
Balance, ending	121,429	$ 112,078
Pursuit
Goodwill [Line Items]
Balance, beginning	112,078	99,847
Business acquisitions	16,787	11,776
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(7,436)	455
Balance, ending	$ 121,429	$ 112,078

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Goodwill by Reporting Unit (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill by reporting unit and segment
Goodwill	$ 121,429	$ 112,078
Pursuit
Goodwill by reporting unit and segment
Goodwill	121,429	112,078	$ 99,847
Pursuit | Banff Jasper Collection
Goodwill by reporting unit and segment
Goodwill	62,383	66,898
Pursuit | Alaska Collection
Goodwill by reporting unit and segment
Goodwill	3,184	3,184
Pursuit | Glacier Park Collection
Goodwill by reporting unit and segment
Goodwill	16,787	0
FlyOver Canada | Pursuit
Goodwill by reporting unit and segment
Goodwill	$ 39,075	$ 41,996

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Goodwill impairment	$ 415,500	$ 415,500
Goodwill	121,429	112,078
Impairment charge to intangible assets			$ 15,700
Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Intangible asset amortization expense	$ 5,200	5,800	6,400
G E S U S
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Goodwill impairment			185,800
Pursuit Glacier Park Collection
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Percentage of fair value in excess of carrying amount	17.00%
Pursuit
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Goodwill impairment	$ 121,400
Goodwill	$ 121,429	$ 112,078	$ 99,847
Fly Over [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Percentage of fair value in excess of carrying amount	19.00%

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Other Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Gross Carrying Value	$ 96,923	$ 99,689
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Accumulated Amortization	(38,504)	(35,074)
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Net Carrying Value	58,419	64,615
Other intangible assets, Gross Carrying Value	97,489	100,263
Other intangible assets, Net Carrying Value	58,985	65,189
Other intangible assets, Accumulated Amortization	$ (38,504)	(35,074)
Customer contracts and relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Useful Life (Years)	7 years 4 months 24 days
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Gross Carrying Value	$ 37,194	36,848
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Accumulated Amortization	(30,109)	(28,372)
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Net Carrying Value	$ 7,085	8,476
Operating contracts and licenses
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Useful Life (Years)	34 years 1 month 6 days
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Gross Carrying Value	$ 38,993	40,927
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Accumulated Amortization	(3,504)	(2,660)
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Net Carrying Value	$ 35,489	38,267
In-place lease
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Useful Life (Years)	33 years 9 months 18 days
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Gross Carrying Value	$ 14,420	15,464
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Accumulated Amortization	(1,404)	(1,084)
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Net Carrying Value	$ 13,016	14,380
Tradenames
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Useful Life (Years)	4 years
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Gross Carrying Value	$ 5,546	5,626
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Accumulated Amortization	(3,324)	(2,819)
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Net Carrying Value	$ 2,222	2,807
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Useful Life (Years)	5 years 2 months 12 days
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Gross Carrying Value	$ 770	824
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Accumulated Amortization	(163)	(139)
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Net Carrying Value	607	685
Business licenses
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Net Carrying Value		574
Indefinite-lived intangible assets, Gross Carrying Value	566	$ 574
Other intangible assets, Net Carrying Value	$ 566

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Estimated Future Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Estimated amortization expense related to amortized intangible assets
2023	$ 4,565
2024	3,619
2025	2,321
2026	2,288
2027	1,891
Thereafter	43,735
Intangible assets subject to amortization, Net Carrying Value	$ 58,419	$ 64,615

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Other Current Liabilities - Schedule of Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Continuing operations:
Foreign income taxes payable	$ 8,354	$ 965
Commissions payable	5,059	4,119
Accrued employee benefit costs	4,920	4,164
Self-insured liability	4,909	4,815
Accrued concession fees	4,297	964
Accrued sales and use taxes	4,082	3,428
Accommodation services deposits	2,208	892
Accrued professional fees	898	1,671
Current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities	1,426	1,637
Other	4,958	5,168
Total continuing operations	41,111	27,823
Discontinued operations:
Self-insured liability	458	312
Environmental remediation liabilities	46	60
Other	38	94
Total discontinued operations	542	466
Total other current liabilities	$ 41,653	$ 28,289

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Other Deferred Items and Liabilities - Summary of Other Deferred Items and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Continuing operations:
Foreign deferred tax liability	$ 27,564	$ 27,748
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal liability	13,815	14,260
Self-insured excess liability	8,211	6,847
Accrued compensation	4,977	5,696
Self-insured liability	5,028	5,119
Accrued restructuring	3,245	2,571
Other	3,071	2,758
Total continuing operations	65,911	64,999
Discontinued operations:
Environmental remediation liabilities	2,177	2,168
Self-insured liability	1,631	1,535
Other	305	251
Total discontinued operations	4,113	3,954
Total other deferred items and liabilities	$ 70,024	$ 68,953

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Debt and Finance Lease Obligations - Schedule of Long-term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2022	May 17, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-Term Debt, Weighted Average Interest Rate, at Point in Time		9.10%		9.10%
Less unamortized debt issuance costs		$ (11,848)		$ (14,804)
Total debt				390,451	$ 400,202
Finance lease obligations, 9.1% weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2021 and 8.0% at December 31, 2020, due through 2067		64,729		63,401
Financing arrangements		5,013		5,528
Total debt and finance obligations	[1],[2]	469,944		459,380
Current portion		(13,192)		(12,800)
Long-term debt and finance obligations		$ 456,752		$ 446,580
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-Term Debt, Weighted Average Interest Rate, at Point in Time		9.30%		6.40%	4.60%
Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility	[3]	$ 11,491		$ 0
Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate at Period End		8.80%	2.35%
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate at Period End		6.90%		4.90%
Fly Over Iceland Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility	[3]	$ 594		$ 689
Long-Term Debt, Weighted Average Interest Rate, at Point in Time		10.10%		3.80%
2021 Credit Facility | Term Loan B [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility	[3]	$ 395,000		$ 399,000
Second amended and restated credit agreement | FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility	[3]	$ 4,965		$ 5,566
Third Amended And Restated Credit Agreement [Member] | Term Loan B [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate at Period End		9.40%		5.50%

[1] Cash paid for interest on debt was $34.3 million during 2022, $25.9 million during 2021, and $14.0 million during 2020.

[2] The weighted-average interest rate on total debt (including unamortized debt issuance costs and commitment fees) was 9.3% for 2022, 6.4% for 2021 and 4.6% for 2020. The estimated fair value of total debt and finance leases was $301.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $328.9 million as of December 31, 2021. The fair value of debt was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently available for debt of similar terms and maturity, which is a Level 2 measurement. Refer to Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements.

[3] Represents the weighted-average interest rate in effect as of the end of the respective periods, including any applicable margin. The interest rates do not include amortization of debt issuance costs or commitment fees.

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Debt and Finance Lease Obligations - Schedule of Long-term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations (Parenthetical) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate on long term debt	9.10%	9.10%
Fair value of debt	$ 301.8	$ 328.9
Cash paid for interest on debt	$ 34.3	$ 25.9	$ 14.0
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate on long term debt	9.30%	6.40%	4.60%
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate on credit facility	6.90%	4.90%
Fly Over Iceland Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate on long term debt	10.10%	3.80%

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Debt and Finance Lease Obligations - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands, € in Millions, kr in Millions, $ in Millions						12 Months Ended
		Feb. 28, 2023	May 17, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 01, 2021	Jul. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 06, 2023	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 04, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 CAD ($)	May 17, 2022 CAD ($)	Jan. 01, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2022 ISK (kr)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 ISK (kr)	Dec. 29, 2020 ISK (kr)	Oct. 15, 2020 ISK (kr)	Feb. 15, 2019 USD ($)	Feb. 15, 2019 EUR (€)
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line Of Credit Facility Date Of First Required Payment1						Dec. 01, 2021
Insurance premium payment due term						12 months
Weighted average interest rate						4.90%					4.90%
Subsequent Event [Member] | Interest Rate Cap Agreement [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate on credit facility										5.00%
Interest rate increases										$ 300,000
2021 Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity					$ 500,000
Fees					14,800
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility					$ 500,000
SOFR | Subsequent Event [Member] | Interest Rate Cap Agreement [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maturity date		Jan. 31, 2025
Interest cap agreement percentage		0.3335%
Maximum | LIBOR rate [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Secured overnight financing rate								0.71513%
Maximum | LIBOR rate [Member] | 2021 Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate description					0.50
Minimum [Member] | LIBOR rate [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Secured overnight financing rate								0.11448%
Minimum [Member] | LIBOR rate [Member] | 2021 Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate description					0.30
Revolving Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity on line of credit						$ 13,300
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity					$ 450,000
Line of Credit Facility, Current Borrowing Capacity						13,300
Remaining borrowing capacity on line of credit						86,700
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility					450,000
Revolving Credit Facility | 2021 Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity					$ 100,000
Maturity date					Jul. 30, 2026
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility					$ 100,000
Revolving Credit Facility | Borrowings [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility						$ 100,000
Revolving Credit Facility | Bank of America [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Fed funds rate						0.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR rate [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Prime rate						1.00%
Floor rate						1.00%
Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest coverage ratio						1.00%
Leverage ratio						1.00%
Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | 2021 Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Financial covenants leverage ratio step up					4.50%
Debt covenant, interest coverage ratio					4.00%
Leverage ratio					4.75%
Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | LIBOR rate [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Leverage ratio						3.50%
Base Rate borrowings						3.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest coverage ratio						3.67%
Leverage ratio						3.15%
Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum [Member] | 2021 Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest coverage ratio					2.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum [Member] | LIBOR rate [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Leverage ratio						2.50%
Base Rate borrowings						1.50%
Term Loan B | 2021 Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity on line of credit					$ 400,000
Loans Proceeds Offset					$ 327,000
Maturity date					Jul. 30, 2028
Line of Credit Facility, Current Borrowing Capacity					$ 400,000
Term Loan B | LIBOR rate [Member] | 2021 Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate description					5.00% credit spread, with a LIBOR floor of 0.50%
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maturity date, description				March 1, 2025
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity																			$ 5,600	€ 5.0
Interest rate on credit facility						6.90%					6.90%				4.90%
Maturity date				Sep. 01, 2027		Mar. 01, 2022
Additional capital													$ 600	kr 75.0
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility																			$ 5,600	€ 5.0
Line Of Credit Facility Date Of First Required Payment1				Dec. 01, 2022
Fly Over Iceland Term Loan
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity							$ 700									kr 90.0
Credit facility	[1]					$ 594									$ 689
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility							$ 700									kr 90.0
Line Of Term Loan Amendment Description							bears interest at one-month Reykjavik InterBank Offered Rate (“REIBOR”) plus 4.99%. The Icelandic State Treasury guarantees supplemental loans provided by credit institutions to companies impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the Icelandic State Treasury guaranteed the repayment of up to 85% of the principal and interest on the ISK 10.0 million and ISK 30.0 million term loans and 70% of the principal amount on the ISK 50.0 million term loan
Fly Over Iceland Term Loan | First Term Loan
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity | kr																		kr 10.0
Maturity date							Apr. 01, 2023
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility | kr																		10.0
Line Of Term Loan Amendment Description							bears interest on a seven-day term deposit at the Central Bank of Iceland.
Fly Over Iceland Term Loan | Second Term Loan
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity | kr																		30.0
Maturity date							Oct. 01, 2024
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility | kr																		kr 30.0
Line Of Term Loan Amendment Description							bears interest on a seven-day term deposit at the Central Bank of Iceland plus 3.07%. The third term loan for ISK 50.0 million was entered into effective December 29, 2020 with a maturity date of February 1, 2023 and bears interest at one-month Reykjavik InterBank Offered Rate (“REIBOR”) plus 4.99%. The Icelandic State Treasury guarantees supplemental loans provided by credit institutions to companies impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the Icelandic State Treasury guaranteed the repayment of up to 85% of the principal and interest on the ISK 10.0 million and ISK 30.0 million term loans and 70% of the principal amount on the ISK 50.0 million term loan.
Fly Over Iceland Term Loan | Third Term Loan
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity | kr																	kr 50.0
Maturity date							Feb. 01, 2023
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility | kr																	kr 50.0
Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity			$ 13,300									$ 17.0
Interest rate on credit facility			2.35%			8.80%					8.80%	2.35%
Maturity date			May 17, 2027
Remaining borrowing capacity on line of credit						$ 1,100					$ 1.4
Credit facility	[1]					$ 11,491									$ 0
Maximum borrowing capacity on credit facility			$ 13,300									$ 17.0
Forest Park Hotel Construction Loan Facility | Subsequent Event [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Fixed Interest Rate									6.50%

[1] Represents the weighted-average interest rate in effect as of the end of the respective periods, including any applicable margin. The interest rates do not include amortization of debt issuance costs or commitment fees.

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Debt and Finance Lease Obligations - Schedule of Aggregate Annual Maturities of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		$ 390,451	$ 400,202
Credit Facilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023	$ 5,201
2024	5,931
2025	5,480
2026	5,480
2027	14,958
Thereafter	375,000
Total debt	$ 412,050

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Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Fair Value Assets Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair value information related to assets
Assets		$ 3,490	$ 15,060
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Fair value information related to assets
Assets		3,490	15,060
Money market funds
Fair value information related to assets
Assets			11,003
Money market funds | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Fair value information related to assets
Assets			11,003
Other mutual funds
Fair value information related to assets
Assets	[1]	3,490	4,057
Other mutual funds | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Fair value information related to assets
Assets	[1]	$ 3,490	$ 4,057

[1] We include other mutual funds in “Other investments and assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Income (Loss) Per Share - Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Income (loss) Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad (diluted)		$ 23,220	$ (92,655)	$ (374,094)
Less: Allocation to participating securities		(3,600)
Dividends on convertible preferred stock			(7,721)	(3,006)
Adjustment to the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest		(763)	(1,797)	(926)
Net income (loss) allocated to Viad common stockholders (basic)		11,056	(102,173)	(378,026)
Add: Allocation to participating securities		30	0
Net income (loss) allocated to Viad common stockholders (diluted)		$ 11,086	$ (102,173)	$ (378,026)
Denominator:
Basic weighted-average outstanding common shares		20,589	20,411	20,279
Additional dilutive shares related to share-based compensation		223
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares		20,812	20,411	20,279
Basic income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders		$ 0.54	$ (5.01)	$ (18.64)
Diluted income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	[1]	$ 0.53	$ (5.01)	$ (18.64)
Paid in Cash
Numerator:
Dividends on convertible preferred stock		$ (7,801)	$ (3,900)
Paid in Kind
Numerator:
Dividends on convertible preferred stock			$ (3,821)	$ (3,006)

[1] Diluted loss per share amount cannot exceed basic loss per share.

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Income (Loss) Per Share - Schedule of Excluded Weighted-Average Potential Common Shares from Calculations of Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Common Shares (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Convertible Preferred Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Common stock shares effect would be anti-dilutive	0	6,674	6,406
Unvested Restricted Share-Based Awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Common stock shares effect would be anti-dilutive	23	176	115
Unvested Performance Share-based Awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Common stock shares effect would be anti-dilutive	8	32	0
Stock Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Common stock shares effect would be anti-dilutive	255	194	24

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Common and Preferred Stock - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 05, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2021	Feb. 07, 2019
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Junior participating preferred Stock, Authorized		2,000,000
Junior participating preferred Stock, Outstanding		0
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized		5,000,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding		141,827
Common Stock Repurchases (Textual) [Abstract]
Authorized repurchase of additional shares					500,000
Repurchased shares			53,784
Shares remain available for repurchase		546,283
Common stock purchased for treasury			$ 2.8
Convertible Series A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, Redemption Amount		$ 141.8		$ 141.8
Dividends share-based compensation cash		$ 7.8
Preferred stock dividend rate percentage	5.50%
Frequency of periodic payment of cumulative dividend	quarterly
Convertible preferred stock conversion price per share	$ 21.25
Crestview Partners | Convertible Series A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Effect on future earnings offset amount	$ 135.0
Convertible Preferred Stock, Shares Issued upon Conversion	135,000
Preferred Stock, Par value	$ 0.01
Purchase price	$ 135.0
Shares issued, price per share	$ 1,000
Capital raising expense	$ 9.2

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 91,838	$ 174,099
Ending Balance	96,840	91,838
Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(16,162)	(16,686)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(26,821)	524
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(26,821)	524
Ending Balance	(42,983)	(16,162)
Unrecognized Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Credit, Net
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(11,267)	(13,955)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	117	30
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	6,948	2,658
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	7,065	2,688
Ending Balance	(4,202)	(11,267)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(27,429)	(30,641)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(26,704)	554
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	6,948	2,658
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(19,756)	3,212
Ending Balance	$ (47,185)	$ (27,429)

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax cuts and jobs act of 2017 complete accounting deemed repatriation federal tax	$ 5,200
Tax cuts and jobs act of 2017 complete accounting estimated payments of liability	1,000	$ 1,000
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross	110,816	117,073
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance	$ 101,639	103,510
Cumulative loss incurred over the period	4 years
State income tax benefit		4,000
Income tax expense benefit after elections	$ 300	4,700	$ 3,000
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards	7,461	6,491
Deferred Tax, Operating Loss Carryforwards	52,422	53,546
Liability for uncertain tax positions	900	500
Cash Refunds from Income Taxes	800	7,100	14,900
Net payment for foreign income and withholding taxes	7,773	(7,268)	$ (1,397)
2023
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards	1,900
CA
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	4,100
Cash Refunds from Income Taxes	3,500
Paid Cash for Income Taxes	2,400
Switzerland and Hong Kong
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	6,900
Foreign Income Tax Credit
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards	$ 6,800
Foreign Income Tax Credit | 2023
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward expiration year	2023
Foreign Income Tax Credit | United Kingdom
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards	$ 3,000
U.S
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance	400
Deferred Tax, Operating Loss Carryforwards	700
U.S | 2027
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards	1,900
U.S | 2038
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Research and development credit carryforwards	700
U.S | CA
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Cash Refunds from Income Taxes	3,800
U.S | Foreign Income Tax Credit
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards	$ 3,800
U.S | Foreign Income Tax Credit | 2027
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward expiration year	2027
Foreign Tax Authority | Iceland And Poland
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	$ 15,900
Foreign Tax Authority | Iceland And Poland | Minimum [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carry forwards expire period	5 years
Foreign Tax Authority | Iceland And Poland | Maximum
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carry forwards expire period	10 years
Foreign Tax Authority | CA
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	$ 9,700	13,800
Operating loss carry back period	1 year 7 months 6 days
Operating loss carryforwards period	20 years
State and Foreign
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
State income tax benefit	$ 300
Operating Loss Carryforwards	373,300	$ 366,800
Net payment for foreign income and withholding taxes	300
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating Loss Carryforwards	$ 164,600
State and Local Jurisdiction | Latest Tax Year
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward expiration year	2023
State and Local Jurisdiction | Earliest Tax Year
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward expiration year	2041

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Income Taxes - Summary of Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Extraordinary Items, Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Foreign	$ 40,178	$ (17,750)	$ (95,919)
United States	(5,558)	(77,331)	(264,940)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$ 34,620	$ (95,081)	$ (360,859)

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Income Taxes - Summary of Significant Components of the Income Tax Provision From Continuing Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current:
Federal	$ 78	$ 49	$ (128)
State	302	(581)	674
Net payment for foreign income and withholding taxes	7,773	(7,268)	(1,397)
Total current	8,153	(7,800)	(851)
Deferred:
Federal	45	0	17,171
State	0	0	2,896
Foreign	1,775	6,012	(4,970)
Total deferred	1,820	6,012	15,097
Income tax (benefit) expense	$ 9,973	$ (1,788)	$ 14,246

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Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Computed income tax (benefit) expense at statutory federal income tax rate	$ 7,270	$ (19,967)	$ (75,780)
State income tax (benefit), net of federal benefit	1,264	(7,959)	(4,138)
Remeasurement of deferred taxes due to change in tax rates	(499)	0	0
Foreign tax rate differential	733	(672)	(401)
U.S. tax (benefit) on current year foreign earnings, net of foreign tax credits	401	0	0
Goodwill impairment	0	0	16,471
Change in valuation allowance	(702)	21,859	77,369
Restructuring	0	4,676	(3,002)
Other adjustments, net	1,506	275	3,727
Income tax (benefit) expense	$ 9,973	$ (1,788)	$ 14,246
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]
Computed income tax (benefit) expense at statutory federal income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State income tax (benefit), net of federal benefit	3.60%	8.40%	1.10%
Remeasurement of deferred taxes due to change in tax rates, tax rate	(1.40%)	0.00%	0.00%
Foreign tax differentials rate	2.10%	0.70%	0.10%
U.S. tax (benefit) on current year foreign earnings, net of foreign tax credits	1.20%	(0.00%)	(0.00%)
Goodwill impairment	0.00%	0.00%	(4.60%)
Change in valuation allowance, tax rate	(2.00%)	(23.00%)	(21.30%)
Restructuring	0.00%	(4.90%)	0.80%
Other adjustments, net, tax rate	4.30%	(0.30%)	(1.00%)
Income tax expense	28.80%	1.90%	(3.90%)

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Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2019
Deferred tax assets:
Tax credit carryforwards	$ 7,461	$ 6,491
Pension, compensation, and other employee benefits	16,287	14,755
Accrued liabilities and reserves	4,000	3,979
Net operating loss carryforwards	52,422	53,546
Leases	2,897	2,557
Goodwill and other intangible assets	5,100	17,781
Deferral of United States interest deductions	13,048	6,770
Other deferred income tax assets	9,601	11,194
Total deferred tax assets	110,816	117,073
Valuation allowance	(101,639)	(103,510)
Foreign deferred tax assets included above	(2,166)	(5,037)
United States net deferred tax assets	7,011	8,526
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(21,090)	(24,100)
Goodwill and other intangible assets	(10,857)	(11,651)
Leases	(295)	(339)
Other deferred income tax liabilities	(4,023)	(4,254)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(36,265)	(40,344)
Foreign deferred tax liabilities included above	(29,170)	(31,778)
United States net deferred tax liabilities included above	(7,095)	(8,566)	$ (22,434)
United States net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$ (84)	$ (40)

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Income Taxes - Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Beginning Balance	$ 535	$ 250	$ 225
Reductions for lapse of applicable statutes	(23)
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years	378	285	25
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Ending Balance	$ 890	$ 535	$ 250

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Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) of Viad's Postretirement Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Net periodic benefit cost:
Expected return on plan assets [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit (Cost) Credit, Expected Return (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
Net periodic benefit cost	$ 150	$ 295	$ 219
Reversal of amortization item:
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit (Cost) Credit, Settlement Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
Postretirement Benefit Plans
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$ 34	$ 70
Interest cost	179	180
Domestic Plans | Pension Plans
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	0	0	$ 0
Interest cost	478	419	653
Expected return on plan assets	93	(47)	(145)
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)	444	623	526
Net periodic benefit cost	1,015	995	1,034
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss	(3,409)	(883)	1,587
Prior service cost (credit)	(518)	0	0
Reversal of amortization item:
Net actuarial loss	(444)	(623)	(526)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income	(4,371)	(1,506)	1,061
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income (loss)	(3,356)	(511)	2,095
Domestic Plans | Postretirement Benefit Plans
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	34	70	51
Interest cost	179	181	296
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	89	(6)	(146)
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)	(152)	115	18
Settlement	0	(65)	0
Net periodic benefit cost	150	360	219
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss	(2,540)	(642)	688
Prior service cost (credit)	509	0	0
Reversal of amortization item:
Net actuarial loss	152	(115)	(18)
Prior service credit	(89)	6	146
Settlement income	0	65	0
Total recognized in other comprehensive income	(1,968)	(686)	816
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,818)	(391)	1,035
Foreign Pension Plans
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	280	457	444
Interest cost	361	339	365
Expected return on plan assets	(393)	(508)	(530)
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)	105	171	162
Settlement	593	0	0
Net periodic benefit cost	946	459	441
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss	(724)	(375)	368
Reversal of amortization item:
Net actuarial loss	(105)	(171)	(162)
Settlement income	(593)	0	0
Total recognized in other comprehensive income	(829)	(546)	206
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 117	$ (87)	$ 647

XML

Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Summary of Funded Status of the Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Change in benefit obligation:
Settlements income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
Change in plan assets:
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit (Cost) Credit, Settlement Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Interest Cost, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
Domestic Plans
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$ 11,647
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	9,110	$ 11,647
Foreign Pension Plans
Change in benefit obligation:
Service cost	280	457	$ 444
Interest cost	361	339	365
Actuarial adjustments	(724)	(375)	368
Settlement income	(593)	0	0
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	11,171
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	6,200	11,171
Foreign Pension Plans | Funded Plans
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	10,790	10,916
Service cost	280	457
Interest cost	283	270
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Increase (Decrease) for Plan Amendment	(1,682)	(475)
Benefits paid	(392)	(462)
Settlement income	(2,616)	0
Translation adjustment	(578)	84
Benefit obligation at end of year	6,085	10,790	10,916
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	11,171	10,798
Actual return on plan assets	(1,597)	623
Company contributions	222	133
Benefits paid	(392)	(462)
Settlement	2,616	0
Translation adjustment	(588)	79
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	6,200	11,171	10,798
Funded status at end of year	115	381
Foreign Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	2,470	2,449
Service cost	0	0
Interest cost	78	69
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Increase (Decrease) for Plan Amendment	(268)	208
Benefits paid	(176)	(185)
Settlement income	0	0
Translation adjustment	(147)	(71)
Benefit obligation at end of year	1,957	2,470	2,449
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	0	0
Actual return on plan assets	0	0
Company contributions	176	185
Benefits paid	(176)	(185)
Settlement	0	0
Translation adjustment	0	0
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	0	0	0
Funded status at end of year	(1,957)	(2,470)
Pension Plans | Domestic Plans
Change in benefit obligation:
Service cost	0	0	0
Interest cost	478	419	653
Actuarial adjustments	(3,409)	(883)	1,587
Pension Plans | Domestic Plans | Funded Plans
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	15,191	16,331
Service cost	0	0
Interest cost	321	266
Plan amendments	(518)	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Increase (Decrease) for Plan Amendment	(2,621)	(385)
Benefits paid	(919)	(1,021)
Benefit obligation at end of year	11,454	15,191	16,331
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	11,647	11,878
Actual return on plan assets	(2,120)	436
Company contributions	502	354
Benefits paid	(919)	(1,021)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	9,110	11,647	11,878
Funded status at end of year	(2,344)	(3,544)
Pension Plans | Domestic Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	9,170	9,776
Service cost	0	0
Interest cost	157	153
Plan amendments	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Increase (Decrease) for Plan Amendment	(2,815)	(109)
Benefits paid	(546)	(650)
Benefit obligation at end of year	5,966	9,170	9,776
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	0	0
Actual return on plan assets	0	0
Company contributions	546	650
Benefits paid	(546)	(650)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	0	0	0
Funded status at end of year	(5,966)	(9,170)
Postretirement Benefit Plans
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	10,134	12,219
Service cost	34	70
Interest cost	179	180
Plan amendments	509	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Increase (Decrease) for Plan Amendment	(2,540)	(641)
Benefits paid	(593)	(1,694)
Benefit obligation at end of year	7,723	10,134	12,219
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	0	0
Actual return on plan assets	0	0
Company contributions	593	1,694
Benefits paid	(593)	(1,694)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	0	0	0
Funded status at end of year	(7,723)	(10,134)
Postretirement Benefit Plans | Domestic Plans
Change in benefit obligation:
Service cost	34	70	51
Interest cost	179	181	296
Actuarial adjustments	(2,540)	(642)	688
Settlement income	$ 0	$ 65	$ 0

XML

Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Net Amount Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Domestic Plans | Funded Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	$ 2,344	$ 3,544
Domestic Plans | Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	5,966	9,170
Domestic Plans | Postretirement Benefit Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	7,723	10,134
Foreign Pension Plans | Funded Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	115	384
Foreign Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	1,957	2,481
Non Current Assets | Domestic Plans | Funded Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	(205)	0
Non Current Assets | Domestic Plans | Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	0	0
Non Current Assets | Domestic Plans | Postretirement Benefit Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	0	0
Non Current Assets | Foreign Pension Plans | Funded Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	(115)	(384)
Non Current Assets | Foreign Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	0	0
Other current liabilities | Domestic Plans | Funded Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	0	0
Other current liabilities | Domestic Plans | Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	570	701
Other current liabilities | Domestic Plans | Postretirement Benefit Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	687	755
Other current liabilities | Foreign Pension Plans | Funded Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	0	0
Other current liabilities | Foreign Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	169	181
Non Current Liabilities | Domestic Plans | Funded Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	2,549	3,544
Non Current Liabilities | Domestic Plans | Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	5,396	8,469
Non Current Liabilities | Domestic Plans | Postretirement Benefit Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	7,036	9,379
Non Current Liabilities | Foreign Pension Plans | Funded Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	0	0
Non Current Liabilities | Foreign Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Net amounts recognized in Viad's consolidated balance sheets under the caption Pension and postretirement benefits
Net amount recognized	$ 1,788	$ 2,300

XML

Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Amounts Recognized in AOCI (Details) - Domestic Plans - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pension Plans | Funded Plans
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net Gains (Losses), before Tax	$ (6,926)	$ (8,025)
Prior service credit	(518)
Subtotal	6,408	8,025
Total	6,408	8,025
Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net Gains (Losses), before Tax	261	3,129
Subtotal	261	3,129
Total	261	3,129
Postretirement Benefit Plans
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net Gains (Losses), before Tax	(1,088)	1,299
Prior service credit	613	195
Subtotal	(475)	1,494
Total	(475)	1,494
US Postretirement and Pension Plan
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net Gains (Losses), before Tax	6,099	12,453
Prior service credit	95	195
Subtotal	6,194	12,648
Total	$ 6,194	$ 12,648

XML

Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Fair Value of the Plans' Assets by Asset Class (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Domestic Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	$ 9,110	$ 11,647
Domestic Plans | Fixed Income Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	5,452	5,935
Domestic Plans | Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	3,473	5,297
Domestic Plans | Cash
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	185	230
Domestic Plans | Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	185
Foreign Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	6,200	11,171
Foreign Pension Plans | Fixed Income Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	3,965	6,534
Foreign Pension Plans | Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	2,036	4,439
Foreign Pension Plans | Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	199	198
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Domestic Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	9,110	11,462
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Domestic Plans | Fixed Income Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	5,452	5,935
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Domestic Plans | Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	3,473	5,297
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Domestic Plans | Cash
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	185	230
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Domestic Plans | Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Foreign Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	6,200	11,171
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Foreign Pension Plans | Fixed Income Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	3,965	6,534
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Foreign Pension Plans | Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	2,036	4,439
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Foreign Pension Plans | Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	199	198
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Domestic Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	185
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Domestic Plans | Fixed Income Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Domestic Plans | Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Domestic Plans | Cash
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Domestic Plans | Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	185
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Foreign Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Foreign Pension Plans | Fixed Income Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Foreign Pension Plans | Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Foreign Pension Plans | Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Domestic Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Domestic Plans | Fixed Income Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Domestic Plans | Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Domestic Plans | Cash
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Domestic Plans | Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Foreign Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Foreign Pension Plans | Fixed Income Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Foreign Pension Plans | Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Foreign Pension Plans | Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value measurement domestic pension plans	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Payments and Receipts Reflecting Expected Future Service (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Foreign Pension Plans | Funded Plans
Expected future service expected to be paid
2023	$ 368
2024	380
2025	378
2026	375
2027	374
2028-2032	1,968
Foreign Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Expected future service expected to be paid
2023	172
2024	171
2025	171
2026	170
2027	169
2028-2032	828
Pension Plans | Domestic Plans | Funded Plans
Expected future service expected to be paid
2023	992
2024	968
2025	1,022
2026	1,009
2027	938
2028-2032	4,352
Pension Plans | Domestic Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Expected future service expected to be paid
2023	585
2024	571
2025	554
2026	538
2027	519
2028-2032	2,287
Postretirement Benefit Plans | Domestic Plans
Expected future service expected to be paid
2023	705
2024	719
2025	710
2026	696
2027	672
2028-2032	$ 2,857

XML

Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) ft²	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Maximum percentage of funding status of plans in red zone	65.00%
Maximum percentage of funding status of plans in yellow zone	80.00%
Maximum percentage of funding status of plans in green zone	80.00%
Expense associated with other employee benefit plans	$ 3,500,000	$ 2,200	$ 1,700
Pension Plan Aggregate Number Of Funds | ft²	5,500
401(k) plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of employer matching contribution with employee gross pay	100.00%
Percentage of employer matching contribution match with 100 percent	3.00%
Percentage of employer matching contribution	50.00%
Percentage of employer matching contribution match with 50 percent	2.00%
Postretirement Benefit Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Amount expected to contribute in postretirement benefit plans	$ 700,000
Funded Plans | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Amount expected to contribute in funded pension plans	600,000
Unfunded Pension Plans | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Amount expected to contribute in unfunded pension plans	800,000
Foreign Pension Plans | Funded Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net actuarial losses for the foreign funded plans recognized in AOCI (before tax)		(2,000,000.0)
Net actuarial losses for the foreign funded plans recognized in AOCI (after tax)	1,200,000	1,400
Net actuarial losses for the foreign unfunded plans recognized in AOCI (before tax)	1,500
Foreign Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net actuarial losses for the foreign funded plans recognized in AOCI (after tax)	600
Net actuarial losses for the foreign unfunded plans recognized in AOCI (before tax)	1,000.0
Net actuarial losses for the foreign unfunded plans recognized in AOCI (after tax)	$ (500,000)	$ (800,000)

XML

Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Domestic Plans | Funded Plans
Accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
Projected benefit obligation	$ 11,454	$ 15,191
Accumulated benefit obligation	11,454	15,191
Fair value of plan assets	9,110	11,647
Domestic Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
Projected benefit obligation	5,966	9,170
Accumulated benefit obligation	5,966	9,170
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Foreign Pension Plans | Funded Plans
Accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
Projected benefit obligation	6,085	10,790
Accumulated benefit obligation	5,727	10,150
Fair value of plan assets	6,200	11,171
Foreign Pension Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
Projected benefit obligation	1,957	2,470
Accumulated benefit obligation	1,957	2,470
Fair value of plan assets	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Foreign Pension Plans
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
Discount rate	4.68%	2.80%
Rate of compensation increase	2.16%	2.35%
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Discount rate	4.71%	2.34%
Expected return on plan assets	4.47%	3.76%
Rate of compensation increase	2.16%	2.35%
Pension Plans | Domestic Plans | Funded Plans
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
Discount rate	5.13%	2.76%
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Discount rate	2.73%	2.32%
Expected return on plan assets	3.75%	4.75%
Pension Plans | Domestic Plans | Unfunded Pension Plans
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
Discount rate	5.13%	2.74%
Rate of compensation increase		3.00%
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Discount rate	2.73%	2.35%
Rate of compensation increase		3.00%
Postretirement Benefit Plans | Domestic Plans
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
Discount rate	5.17%	2.85%
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Discount rate	2.85%	2.47%

XML

Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Multi-Employer Pension Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Entity Tax Identification Number		36-1169950
Viad Contributions		$ 17,518	$ 7,057	$ 8,592
Western Conference of Teamsters Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Entity Tax Identification Number		91-6145047
Plan No:		001
Pension Protection Act Zone Status		Green	Green
FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented			No
Viad Contributions		$ 4,466	$ 2,571	2,898
Surcharge Paid		No
Chicago Regional Council of Carpenters Pension Fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Entity Tax Identification Number		36-6130207
Plan No:		001
Pension Protection Act Zone Status		Green	Green
FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented			Implemented
Viad Contributions		$ 2,255	$ 658	608
Surcharge Paid		No
Collective bargaining agreements expiration date		May 31, 2024
Southern California Local 831-Employer Pension Fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Entity Tax Identification Number	[1]	95-6376874
Plan No:		001
Pension Protection Act Zone Status	[1]	Green	Green
FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented			No
Viad Contributions	[1]	$ 1,181	$ 302	943
Surcharge Paid	[1]	No
IBEW Local Union No 357 Pension Plan A
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Entity Tax Identification Number		88-6023284
Plan No:		001
Pension Protection Act Zone Status		Green	Green
FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented			No
Viad Contributions		$ 912	$ 628	843
Surcharge Paid		No
Machinery Movers Riggers & Mach Erect Local 136 Supplemental Retirement Plan(1),
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Entity Tax Identification Number	[1]	36-1416355
Plan No:		011
Pension Protection Act Zone Status	[1]	Green	Yellow
FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented			Implemented
Viad Contributions	[1]	$ 900	$ 176	337
Surcharge Paid	[1]	Yes
Collective bargaining agreements expiration date	[1]	Jun. 30, 2024
Southwest Carpenters Pension Trust
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Entity Tax Identification Number		95-6042875
Plan No:		001
Pension Protection Act Zone Status		Green	Green
FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented			No
Viad Contributions		$ 573	$ 352	195
Surcharge Paid		No
Collective bargaining agreements expiration date		Jul. 31, 2023
New England Teamsters & Trucking Industry Pension
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Entity Tax Identification Number		04-6372430
Plan No:		001
Pension Protection Act Zone Status		Red	Red
FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented			Implemented
Viad Contributions		$ 477	$ 109	42
Surcharge Paid		No
Collective bargaining agreements expiration date		Mar. 31, 2027
Electrical Contractors Assoc. Chicago Local Union 134, IBEW Joint Pension Trust of Chicago Plan 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Entity Tax Identification Number		51-6030753
Plan No:		002
Pension Protection Act Zone Status		Green	Green
FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented			No
Viad Contributions		$ 384	$ 306	509
Surcharge Paid		No
All Other Funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Viad Contributions	[2]	$ 3,134	1,024	1,151
Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Viad Contributions		14,282	6,126	7,526
Total contributions to other plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Viad Contributions		$ 3,236	$ 931	$ 1,066

[1] We contributed more than 5% of total plan contributions for the plan year detailed in the plans’ most recent Form 5500s.

[2] Represents participation in 32 pension funds during 2022.

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Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Multi-Employer Pension Plans (Parenthetical) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 ft²
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Percentage of excess employer contributions	5.00%
Aggregate number of funds	5,500

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Restructuring Charges - Changes to Restructuring Liability by Major Restructuring Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Beginning balance		$ 3,435	$ 5,230	$ 4,513
Restructuring charges		3,059	6,066	13,440
Cash payments		(1,934)	(5,899)	(10,825)
Non-cash items	[1]	(1,167)	(1,906)	(1,789)
Adjustment to liability		46	(56)	(109)
Ending balance		3,439	3,435	5,230
GES | Severance & Employee Benefits
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Beginning balance		1,976	2,440	2,935
Restructuring charges		624	1,829	6,563
Cash payments		(988)	(2,302)	(7,051)
Non-cash items	[1]	0	0	0
Adjustment to liability		(3)	9	(7)
Ending balance		1,609	1,976	2,440
GES | Facilities
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Beginning balance		1,433	2,766	1,339
Restructuring charges		2,351	4,107	5,784
Cash payments		(863)	(3,506)	(2,573)
Non-cash items	[1]	(1,167)	(1,906)	(1,789)
Adjustment to liability		64	(28)	5
Ending balance		1,818	1,433	2,766
Other Restructuring | Severance & Employee Benefits
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Beginning balance		26	24	239
Restructuring charges		84	130	1,093
Cash payments		(83)	(91)	(1,201)
Non-cash items	[1]	0	0	0
Adjustment to liability		(15)	(37)	(107)
Ending balance		$ 12	$ 26	$ 24

[1] Represents non-cash adjustments related to a write-down of certain ROU assets and leasehold improvements as a result of vacating certain facilities prior to the lease term during the year ended December 31, 2022, a write down of certain ROU assets as a result of vacating certain facilities prior to the lease term during the year ended December 31, 2021, and the closure and liquidation of GES’ United Kingdom-based audio-visual services business during the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Restructuring Charges - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Payments of liabilities related to severance and employee benefits	$ 1.5
liabilities related to facilities	$ 1.5

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Leases and Other - Summary of Balance Sheet Presentation of Operating and Finance Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Operating lease assets	$ 102,777	$ 95,915
Finance lease assets	57,534	61,022
Total lease assets	160,311	156,937
Operating lease obligations	13,463	12,451
Finance lease obligations	$ 2,978	$ 2,928
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-Term Debt and Lease Obligation	Long-Term Debt and Lease Obligation
Operating lease, Liability, Long-term portion	$ 101,297	$ 93,406
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Operating lease, Liability, Long-term portion	Operating lease, Liability, Long-term portion
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Operating lease assets	Operating lease assets
Finance lease, Liability, Long-term portion	$ 61,751	$ 60,473
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-Term Debt and Lease Obligation	Long-Term Debt and Lease Obligation
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Operating lease obligations	Operating lease obligations
Total lease liabilities	$ 179,489	$ 169,258

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Leases and Other - Components of Least Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$ 4,264	$ 4,280
Interest on lease liabilities	5,817	5,580
Operating lease cost	24,850	23,129
Short-term lease cost	2,545	1,444
Variable lease cost	5,566	4,372
Total lease cost, net	$ 43,042	$ 38,805

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Leases and Other - Schedule of Other Information Related to Operating and Finance Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 23,024	$ 23,320
Operating cash flows from finance leases	6,089	3,926
Financing cash flows from finance leases	3,845	3,223
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	24,050	38,838
Finance leases	$ 5,139	$ 43,241
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	8 years 6 months 3 days	8 years 6 months 14 days
Finance leases	34 years 25 days	34 years 11 months 12 days
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases	7.25%	6.86%
Finance leases	9.12%	9.06%

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Leases and Other - Schedule of Estimated Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Non-cancelable Leases Excluding Variable Leases and Variable Non-lease Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 23,267
2024	21,560
2025	20,055
2026	19,126
2027	15,886
Thereafter	60,268
Total future lease payments	160,162
Less: Amount representing interest	(45,402)
Present value of minimum lease payments	114,760
Current portion	13,463	$ 12,451
Operating lease, Liability, Long-term portion	101,297	93,406
2023	8,743
2024	7,692
2025	6,869
2026	6,367
2027	6,205
Thereafter	180,055
Total future lease payments	215,931
Less: Amount representing interest	(151,202)
Present value of minimum lease payments	64,729	63,401
Current portion	$ 2,978	$ 2,928
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-Term Debt and Lease Obligation	Long-Term Debt and Lease Obligation
Finance lease, Liability, Long-term portion	$ 61,751	$ 60,473
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-Term Debt and Lease Obligation	Long-Term Debt and Lease Obligation
2023	$ 32,010
2024	29,252
2025	26,924
2026	25,493
2027	22,091
Thereafter	240,323
Total future lease payments	376,093
Less: Amount representing interest	(196,604)
Total lease liabilities	179,489	$ 169,258
Current portion	16,441
Operating And Finance Lease, Liability, Long-term portion	$ 163,048

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Leases and Other - Schedule of Estimated Future Minimum Rentals Under Non-cancellable Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 1,815
2024	1,569
2025	1,354
2026	1,111
2027	455
Thereafter	579
Total minimum rents	$ 6,883

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Leases and Other - Narrative (Details) - New Flyover Attraction [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Operating lease not yet commenced, description	we had executed a facility lease for which we did not have control of the underlying assets. Accordingly, we did not record the lease liability and ROU asset on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This lease is for a new FlyOver attraction, FlyOver Canada Toronto. The lease commencement date was originally planned for 2023, however, it has been postponed due to permitting and other related delays. Upon commencement date, it will have a lease term of 20 years.
Operating lease not yet commenced, term of contract	20 years

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Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Agreement	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Environmental remediation liability	$ 2,200,000
Maximum potential amount of future payments	$ 88,200,000
Guarantees relate to facilities and equipment leased by the company	2040-01
Recourse provision to recover guarantees	$ 0
Bargaining agreements | Agreement	100
Self insurance reserve	$ 9,900,000
Workers' compensation liability	5,900
Self insurance reserve for general and auto	4,000,000.0
Self insurance reserve on discontinued operations	2,100,000
Payments for self insurance	5,300,000	$ 2,800,000	$ 5,000,000.0
Estimated employee health benefit claims incurred but not yet reported	1,500,000
Self insurance reserve in which company is the primary obligor	8,200,000
Self insurance reserve in which company is the primary obligor for workers compensation	6,400,000
General/auto liability claims	1,800,000
Minimum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
General range on claims	200,000
Maximum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
General range on claims	$ 500,000

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Noncontrolling Interests- Redeemable and Non-redeemable - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 03, 2017
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Percentage of non equity ownership related redeemable noncontrolling interests	56.40%
Esja Attractions ehf.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Percentage of controlling interest acquired		54.50%
Percentage of non equity ownership related redeemable noncontrolling interests	56.40%
Redeemable noncontrolling interest conditions	The put option is only exercisable after August 2022 (the “Reference Date”), and in the event the FlyOver Iceland attraction has earned a minimum of €3.25 million in unadjusted EBITDA during the most recent fiscal year and during the trailing 12-month period prior to exercise (the “Put Option Condition”). The put option is exercisable during a period of 12 months following the Reference Date (the “Option Period”) if the Put Option Condition has been met. If the Put Option Condition has not been met during the first Option Period, the Reference Date will be extended for an additional 12 months up to three times. If after 72 months, the FlyOver Iceland attraction has not achieved the Put Option Condition, the put option expires. If the Put Option Condition is met during any of the Option Periods, yet the shares are not exercised prior to the end of the 12-month Option Period, the put option will expire.

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Noncontrolling Interests- Redeemable and Non-redeemable - Summary of Changes in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Beginning balance	$ 5,444	$ 5,225
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	(748)	(1,766)	$ (1,482)
Adjustment to the redemption value	763	1,797
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(503)	(153)
Capital contributions		341
Ending balance	$ 4,956	$ 5,444	$ 5,225

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Noncontrolling Interests- Redeemable and Non-redeemable - Changes in the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Minority Interest [Line Items]
Beginning Balance		$ 85,556	$ 78,144
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interest,		2,323	1,686	$ (1,376)
Acquisitions			6,759
Distributions to non-controlling interests		(570)	(1,160)	(1,526)
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments		(4,999)	127	1,315
Ending Balance		82,310	85,556	78,144
Glacier Park Inc
Minority Interest [Line Items]
Beginning Balance		15,315	13,953
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interest,		1,394	1,360
Acquisitions			0
Distributions to non-controlling interests		0	0
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments		(19)	2
Ending Balance		$ 16,690	15,315	13,953
Equity ownership interest that we do not own		20.00%
Brewster
Minority Interest [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	[1]	$ 58,601	51,295
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interest,	[1]	1,675	(1,399)
Acquisitions	[1]		6,759
Distributions to non-controlling interests	[1]	(570)	(1,160)
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments	[1]	(4,004)	308
Ending Balance	[1]	$ 55,702	58,601	51,295
Equity ownership interest that we do not own	[1]	40.00%
Sky Lagoon
Minority Interest [Line Items]
Beginning Balance		$ 11,640	12,896
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interest,		(746)	(1,073)
Acquisitions			0
Distributions to non-controlling interests		0	0
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments		(976)	(183)
Ending Balance		$ 9,918	$ 11,640	$ 12,896
Equity ownership interest that we do not own		49.00%

[1] Includes Mountain Park Lodges and the Golden Skybridge at Brewster, part of the Banff Jasper Collection.

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Segment Information - Reconciliation of Income Statement Items from Reportable Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Total revenue		$ 1,127,311	$ 507,340	$ 415,435
Segment operating income (loss)		68,944	(47,002)	(116,240)
Gain on sale of ON Services		(19,637)	0	0
Interest expense		(34,891)	(28,324)	(17,887)
Other expense, net		(2,077)	(2,070)	(1,594)
Restructuring charges		(3,059)	(6,066)	(13,440)
Impairment charges		583	0	203,076
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		34,620	(95,081)	(360,859)
Pursuit
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Total revenue		299,327	187,048	76,810
GES
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Total revenue		827,984	320,292	338,625
Operating Segments | Pursuit
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Total revenue		299,327	187,048	76,810
Segment operating income (loss)		24,031	4,609	(42,343)
Restructuring charges		(55)	(85)	(132)
Impairment charges		0	0	(1,758)
Operating Segments | spiro
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Total revenue		277,641	116,587	102,027
Segment operating income (loss)		23,133	(9,556)	(41,217)
Restructuring charges		(1,015)	(575)	(1,011)
Impairment charges		0	0	(43,403)
Operating Segments | GES
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Total revenue		827,984	320,292	338,625
Segment operating income (loss)		44,913	(51,611)	(73,897)
Operating Segments | GES-Exhibitions [Member]
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Total revenue		557,880	209,529	238,705
Segment operating income (loss)		21,780	(42,055)	(32,680)
Restructuring charges		(1,960)	(5,361)	(11,336)
Impairment charges		(583)	0	(157,915)
Operating Segments | GES intersegment eliminations [Member]
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Total revenue		(7,537)	(5,824)	(2,107)
Intersegment Eliminations | GES
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Total revenue		(23,730)	(5,933)	(3,680)
Corporate Eliminations
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Segment operating income (loss)	[1]	67	70	65
Corporate
Reportable segments reconciliations:
Segment operating income (loss)		(13,418)	(11,689)	(8,687)
Restructuring charges		$ (29)	$ (45)	$ (961)

[1] Corporate eliminations represent the elimination of depreciation expense recorded by Pursuit associated with previously eliminated intercompany profit realized by GES for renovations to Pursuit’s Banff Gondola.

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Segment Information - Reconciliation of Assets from Reportable Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of assets from segment
Total Assets	$ 1,090,346	$ 1,037,630
Depreciation expense	43,032	43,713	$ 46,467
Amortization	9,451	10,037	10,098
Total Depreciation and Amortization	52,483	53,750	56,565
Capital expenditures	67,170	57,936	53,567
Pursuit
Reconciliation of assets from segment
Depreciation expense	31,075	27,360	24,761
Amortization	5,021	5,108	3,633
Capital expenditures	56,775	54,325	43,177
Spiro [Member]
Reconciliation of assets from segment
Depreciation expense	3,599	4,769	6,975
Amortization	242	509	1,306
Capital expenditures	2,923	578	1,570
GES-Exhibitions [Member]
Reconciliation of assets from segment
Depreciation expense	8,315	11,550	14,634
Amortization	4,188	4,420	5,159
Capital expenditures	7,342	2,557	8,820
Corporate and other
Reconciliation of assets from segment
Depreciation expense	43	34	97
Capital expenditures	$ 130	$ 476	$ 0

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Segment Information - Financial Information by Major Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 1,127,311	$ 507,340	$ 415,435
Long-lived assets:
Total long-lived assets	567,035	565,826	507,646
United States
Revenue:
Total revenue	703,379	312,265	290,541
Long-lived assets:
Total long-lived assets	190,917	179,756	173,790
EMEA
Revenue:
Total revenue	207,339	96,603	56,656
Long-lived assets:
Total long-lived assets	85,680	91,877	56,996
Canada
Revenue:
Total revenue	216,593	98,472	68,238
Long-lived assets:
Total long-lived assets	$ 290,438	$ 294,193	$ 276,860

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Selected Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) - Schedule of Quarterly Financial Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Total revenue		$ 1,127,311	$ 507,340	$ 415,435
Operating income (loss):
Gain Loss On Sale Of ON Services		19,637	0	0
Interest expense		(34,891)	(28,324)	(17,887)
Other expense, net		(2,077)	(2,070)	(1,594)
Restructuring charges		(3,059)	(6,066)	(13,440)
Impairment charges		(583)	0	(203,076)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		34,620	(95,081)	(360,859)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Viad		23,072	(93,213)	(372,247)
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad (diluted)		$ 23,220	$ (92,655)	$ (374,094)
Diluted income (loss) per common share:
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders		$ 0.52	$ (5.04)	$ (18.55)
Diluted income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	[1]	$ 0.53	$ (5.01)	$ (18.64)

[1] Diluted loss per share amount cannot exceed basic loss per share.

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Subsequent Events - Narrative (Details) - Subsequent Event - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 28, 2023	Feb. 06, 2023	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 04, 2023
LIBOR rate [Member] | Minimum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Secured overnight financing rate		0.11448%
LIBOR rate [Member] | Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Secured overnight financing rate		0.71513%
Forest Park Construction Loan Amendment [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Fixed Interest Rate			6.50%
Interest Rate Cap Agreement [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Interest rate on credit facility				5.00%
Interest rate increases				$ 300
Interest Rate Cap Agreement [Member] | SOFR
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Maturity date	Jan. 31, 2025
Interest cap agreement percentage	0.3335%

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Schedule II - Valuation And Qualifying Accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Allowances for doubtful accounts
Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of Year		$ 1,808	$ 5,310	$ 1,200
Additions Charged to Expense	[1]	1,580	(2,700)	6,712
Additions Charged to Other Accounts			1	17
Write Offs		(1,064)	(680)	(2,628)
Other	[2]	(150)	(123)	9
Balance at end of Year		2,174	1,808	5,310
Deferred tax valuation allowance
Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of Year		103,510	81,795	4,276
Additions Charged to Expense	[1]	(702)	21,859	77,369
Other	[2]	(1,169)	(144)	150
Balance at end of Year		$ 101,639	$ 103,510	$ 81,795

[1] Includes bad debt recoveries.

[2] “Other” primarily includes foreign exchange translation adjustments.