Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:


•	Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•

Level 2: inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; or


•	Level 3: unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities.

During the first quarter of 2017, we recognized an earn-out liability upon the acquisition of HIS from Pfizer. Pfizer may be entitled up to $225 million in cash if certain performance targets for the combined company for the three years ending December 31, 2019 are achieved. The initial fair value of the earn-out was determined by employing a Monte Carlo simulation in a risk neutral framework. The underlying simulated variable was adjusted EBITDA. The adjusted EBITDA volatility estimate was based on a study of historical asset volatility for a set of comparable public companies. The model includes other assumptions including the market price of risk, which was calculated as the WACC less the long-term risk free-rate. The initial value assigned to the contingent consideration was a result of forecasted product demand of our HIS business, as discussed further in Note 3: Acquisition, Strategic Transaction and Integration Expenses. At each reporting date subsequent to the acquisition we re-measure the earn-out using the same methodology above and recognize any changes in value. If the probability of achieving the performance target significantly changes from what we initially anticipated, the change could have a significant impact on our financial statements in the period recognized. Our contingent earn-out liability is separately stated in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the Level 3 earn-out liability measured at estimated fair value as of December 31, 2017 to June 30, 2018 (in thousands):



	Earn-out Liability
Accrued balance, December 31, 2017	$	27,000
Change in fair value of earn-out (included in income from operations as a separate line item)	2,000
Accrued balance, June 30, 2018	$	29,000

The fair value of the earn-out at June 30, 2018 changed from the fair value calculated at December 31, 2017 due to a change in the underlying cumulative adjusted EBITDA forecast, and changes in certain assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation, as detailed in the below table.

The following table provides quantitative information about Level 3 inputs for fair value measurement of our earn-out liability as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2018. Significant increases or decreases in these inputs in isolation could result in a significant impact on our fair value measurement:



Simulation Input	As of June 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
Adjusted EBITDA Volatility	25.00	%	26.00	%
WACC	8.25	%	8.75	%
20-year risk free rate	2.91	%	2.58	%
Market price of risk	5.20	%	5.99	%
Cost of debt	4.72	%	4.08	%

The fair value of our investments is estimated using observable market based inputs such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves or Level 2 inputs, which consisted of corporate bonds.

The fair value of our Level 2 forward currency contracts are estimated using observable market inputs such as known notional value amounts, spot and forward exchange rates. These inputs relate to liquid, heavily traded currencies with active markets which are available for the full term of the derivative.

The assets related to our Dominican Republic manufacturing facilities were classified as assets held-for-sale as of December 31, 2017. These assets are separately stated in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of these Level 3 assets was determined as part of the HIS business valuation and was based on a market approach using comparable building and land sales data and the analysis of market conditions.

There were no transfers between Levels during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following (Level 1, 2 and 3 inputs as defined above) (in thousands):



	Fair value measurements at June 30, 2018
	Total carrying value		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (level 3)
Assets:
Available for sale securities:
Short-term	$	18,069	$	—	$	18,069	$	—
Long-term	5,947		—		5,947		—
Total Assets	$	24,016	$	—	$	24,016	$	—

Liabilities:
Earn-out liability	$	29,000	$	—	$	—	$	29,000
Foreign exchange forwards:
Accrued liabilities	306		—		306		—
Other long-term liabilities	265		—		265		—
Total Liabilities	$	29,571	$	—	$	571	$	29,000



	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2017
	Total carrying value		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (level 3)
Assets:
Available for sale securities:
Short-term	$	10,061	$	—	$	10,061	$	—
Long-term	14,579		—		14,579		—
Total Assets	$	24,640	$	—	$	24,640	$	—

Liabilities:
Earn-out liability	$	27,000	$	—	$	—	$	27,000
Foreign exchange forwards:
Accrued liabilities	187		—		187		—
Other long-term liabilities	402		—		402		—
Total Liabilities	$	27,589	$	—	$	589	$	27,000

Our assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis consisted of the following (Level 1, 2 and 3 inputs as defined above) (in thousands):



	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2017
	Total carrying value		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (level 3)
Assets:
Assets held-for-sale	$	12,489	$	—	$	—	$	12,489
Total Assets	$	12,489	$	—	$	—	$	12,489