10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number: 001-10994

VIRTUS INVESTMENT PARTNERS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	26-3962811
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Financial Plaza, Hartford, CT 06103

(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)

(800) 248-7971

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	VRTS	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 7,664,272 as of July 20, 2020.

VIRTUS INVESTMENT PARTNERS, INC.

INDEX

		Page
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33
Item 6.	Exhibits	33
	Signatures	34

"We," "us," "our," the "Company," and "Virtus" as used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Financial Statements

Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	168,268		$	221,781
Investments	61,301			83,206
Accounts receivable, net	72,435			74,132
Assets of consolidated investment products ("CIP")
Cash and cash equivalents of CIP	77,321			99,691
Cash pledged or on deposit of CIP	6,464			467
Investments of CIP	2,273,820			2,030,110
Other assets of CIP	29,787			23,612
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	16,068			18,150
Intangible assets, net	295,325			310,391
Goodwill	290,366			290,366
Deferred taxes, net	10,874			15,879
Other assets	38,058			36,849
Total assets	$	3,340,087		$	3,204,634
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	56,228		$	101,377
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	19,528			23,308
Dividends payable	7,196			8,915
Debt	234,765			277,839
Other liabilities	36,272			40,507
Liabilities of CIP
Notes payable of CIP	2,156,587			1,834,535
Securities purchased payable and other liabilities of CIP	72,313			168,051
Total liabilities	2,582,889			2,454,532
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	90,687			63,845
Equity:
Equity attributable to stockholders:
Series D mandatory convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 0 and 1,150,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	—			110,843
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 11,777,732 shares issued and 7,664,272 shares outstanding at June 30, 2020 and 10,736,887 shares issued and 6,809,280 shares outstanding at December 31, 2019, respectively	118			107
Additional paid-in capital	1,303,036			1,199,205
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	(208,222		)	(215,216		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(17		)	9
Treasury stock, at cost, 4,113,460 and 3,927,607 shares at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	(436,749		)	(419,249		)
Total equity attributable to stockholders	658,166			675,699
Noncontrolling interests	8,345			10,558
Total equity	666,511			686,257
Total liabilities and equity	$	3,340,087		$	3,204,634

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenues
Investment management fees	$	110,550		$	114,591		$	230,838		$	220,509
Distribution and service fees	8,889			10,617			18,349			20,680
Administration and shareholder service fees	13,289			15,054			27,942			29,467
Other income and fees	166			227			331			551
Total revenues	132,894			140,489			277,460			271,207
Operating Expenses
Employment expenses	60,163			58,123			126,293			118,974
Distribution and other asset-based expenses	17,345			21,322			36,754			41,086
Other operating expenses	17,436			19,174			36,321			37,897
Operating expenses of consolidated investment products ("CIP")	2,179			2,568			8,928			3,019
Restructuring and severance	420			320			420			1,496
Depreciation expense	1,196			1,271			2,454			2,484
Amortization expense	7,533			7,583			15,066			15,124
Total operating expenses	106,272			110,361			226,236			220,080
Operating Income (Loss)	26,622			30,128			51,224			51,127
Other Income (Expense)
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net	7,114			2,039			(430		)	5,472
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) of CIP, net	(6,744		)	9,720			(15,413		)	7,799
Other income (expense), net	(805		)	696			(193		)	1,146
Total other income (expense), net	(435		)	12,455			(16,036		)	14,417
Interest Income (Expense)
Interest expense	(3,126		)	(5,151		)	(6,325		)	(10,316		)
Interest and dividend income	242			964			994			2,154
Interest and dividend income of investments of CIP	28,634			29,368			57,863			56,770
Interest expense of CIP	(28,150		)	(31,077		)	(52,636		)	(50,778		)
Total interest income (expense), net	(2,400		)	(5,896		)	(104		)	(2,170		)
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes	23,787			36,687			35,084			63,374
Income tax expense (benefit)	7,578			8,788			17,869			13,007
Net Income (Loss)	16,209			27,899			17,215			50,367
Noncontrolling interests	(4,930		)	(973		)	(10,221		)	(1,695		)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Stockholders	11,279			26,926			6,994			48,672
Preferred stockholder dividends	—			(2,084		)	—			(4,168		)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders	$	11,279		$	24,842		$	6,994		$	44,504
Earnings (Loss) per Share—Basic	$	1.46		$	3.55		$	0.92		$	6.35
Earnings (Loss) per Share—Diluted	$	1.43		$	3.26		$	0.88		$	5.87
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding—Basic	7,720			6,999			7,572			7,010
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding—Diluted	7,895			8,252			7,936			8,290

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Net Income (Loss)	$	16,209		$	27,899		$	17,215		$	50,367
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0 and $4 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $9 and $1 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively	(1		)	(8		)	(26		)	(2		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1		)	(8		)	(26		)	(2		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	16,208			27,891			17,189			50,365
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4,930		)	(973		)	(10,221		)	(1,695		)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Stockholders	$	11,278		$	26,918		$	6,968		$	48,670

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$	17,215		$	50,367
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation expense, intangible asset and other amortization	21,557			19,810
Stock-based compensation	10,113			11,384
Amortization of deferred commissions	1,038			1,805
Payments of deferred commissions	(974		)	(973		)
Equity in earnings of equity method investments	93			(1,209		)
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt	(705		)	—
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net	431			(4,634		)
Distributions from equity method investments	726			675
Sales (purchases) of investments, net	4,703			13,767
Deferred taxes, net	5,014			252
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net and other assets	(2,032		)	(2,394		)
Accrued compensation and benefits, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities	(52,788		)	(44,325		)
Operating activities of consolidated investment products ("CIP"):
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses on investments of CIP, net	11,603			(13,222		)
Purchases of investments by CIP	(920,392		)	(532,342		)
Sales of investments by CIP	442,859			348,771
Net proceeds (purchases) of short term investments by CIP	68			(309		)
(Purchases) sales of securities sold short by CIP, net	250			1,193
Change in other assets of CIP	(1,790		)	71
Change in liabilities of CIP	2,130			3,140
Amortization of discount on notes payable of CIP	11,169			4,505
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(449,712		)	(143,668		)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures and other asset purchases	(475		)	(6,111		)
Change in cash and cash equivalents of CIP due to consolidation (deconsolidation), net	9,724			(1,571		)
Sale of available-for-sale securities	—			2,044
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	9,249			(5,638		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Payment of long term debt	(44,059		)	(24,825		)
Common stock dividends paid	(11,320		)	(8,392		)
Preferred stock dividends paid	(2,084		)	(4,168		)
Repurchases of common shares	(17,500		)	(22,499		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	114			643
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of restricted stock units	(5,569		)	(6,509		)
Net subscriptions received from (redemptions/distributions paid to) noncontrolling interests	(3,951		)	6,599
Financing activities of CIP:
Payments on borrowings by CIP	(326,201		)	(195,697		)
Borrowings by CIP	781,147			400,782
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	370,577			145,934
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(69,886		)	(3,372		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	321,939			254,656
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	252,053		$	251,284
Non-Cash Investing Activities:
Change in accrual for capital expenditures	$	(21	)	$	(1,813	)
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Increase (decrease) to noncontrolling interests due to consolidation (deconsolidation) of CIP, net	$	17,137		$	(6,423	)
Common stock dividends payable	$	5,169		$	3,849
Preferred stock dividends payable	$	—		$	2,084
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	$	115,000		$	—

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents	$	168,268	$	221,781
Cash of CIP	77,321		99,691
Cash pledged or on deposit of CIP	6,464		467
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	252,053	$	321,939

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(Unaudited)

	Permanent Equity																													Temporary Equity
	Common Stock				Preferred Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock				Total Attributed To Stockholders			Non- controlling Interests			Total Equity			Redeemable Non- controlling Interests
(in thousands, except per share data)	Shares		Par Value		Shares	Amount											Shares	Amount
Balances at March 31, 2019	6,978,925		$	107	1,150,000	$	110,843	$	1,205,926		$	(289,119	)	$	1		3,703,204	$	(394,248	)	$	633,510		$	12,948		$	646,458		$	59,003
Net income (loss)	—		—		—	—		—			26,926			—			—	—			26,926			224			27,150			749
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—	—		—			—			(8		)	—	—			(8		)	—			(8		)	—
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	—		—		—	—		290			—			—			—	—			290			(535		)	(245		)	750
Cash dividends declared ($1.8125 per preferred share)	—		—		—	—		(2,084		)	—			—			—	—			(2,084		)	—			(2,084		)	—
Cash dividends declared ($0.55 per common share)	—		—		—	—		(4,104		)	—			—			—	—			(4,104		)	—			(4,104		)	—
Repurchases of common shares	(67,709	)	—		—	—		—			—			—			67,709	(7,500		)	(7,500		)	—			(7,500		)	—
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions	33,676		—		—	—		565			—			—			—	—			565			—			565			—
Taxes paid on stock-based compensation	—		—		—	—		(1,294		)	—			—			—	—			(1,294		)	—			(1,294		)	—
Stock-based compensation	—		—		—	—		4,734			—			—			—	—			4,734			—			4,734			—
Balances at June 30, 2019	6,944,892		$	107	1,150,000	$	110,843	$	1,204,033		$	(262,193	)	$	(7	)	3,770,913	$	(401,748	)	$	651,035		$	12,637		$	663,672		$	60,502
Balances at March 31, 2020	7,695,413		$	117	—	$	—	$	1,304,868		$	(219,501	)	$	(16	)	4,038,563	$	(429,249	)	$	656,219		$	10,247		$	666,466		$	87,115
Net income (loss)	—		—		—	—		—			11,279			—			—	—			11,279			(1,378		)	9,901			6,308
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—	—		—			—			(1		)	—	—			(1		)	—			(1		)	—
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	—		—		—	—		(167		)	—			—			—	—			(167		)	(524		)	(691		)	(2,736		)
Cash dividends declared ($0.67 per common share)	—		—		—	—		(5,496		)	—			—			—	—			(5,496		)	—			(5,496		)	—
Repurchases of common shares	(74,897	)	—		—	—		—			—			—			74,897	(7,500		)	(7,500		)	—			(7,500		)	—
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions	43,756		1		—	—		12			—			—			—	—			13			—			13			—
Taxes paid on stock-based compensation	—		—		—	—		(2,019		)	—			—			—	—			(2,019		)				(2,019		)	—
Stock-based compensation	—		—		—	—		5,838			—			—			—	—			5,838			—			5,838			—
Balances at June 30, 2020	7,664,272		$	118	—	$	—	$	1,303,036		$	(208,222	)	$	(17	)	4,113,460	$	(436,749	)	$	658,166		$	8,345		$	666,511		$	90,687

	Permanent Equity																															Temporary Equity
	Common Stock				Preferred Stock					Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock				Total Attributed To Stockholders			Non- controlling Interests			Total Equity			Redeemable Non- controlling Interests
(in thousands, except per share data)	Shares		Par Value		Shares		Amount												Shares	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2018	6,997,382		$	106	1,150,000		$	110,843		$	1,209,805		$	(310,865	)	$	(731	)	3,555,242	$	(379,249	)	$	629,909		$	13,958		$	643,867		$	57,481
Net income (loss)	—		—		—		—			—			48,672			—			—	—			48,672			(229		)	48,443			1,924
Reclassification from other comprehensive (income) loss	—		—		—		—			—			—			726			—	—			726			—			726			—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—		—			—			—			(2		)	—	—			(2		)	—			(2		)	—
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	—		—		—		—			290			—			—			—	—			290			(1,092		)	(802		)	1,097
Cash dividends declared ($3.625 per preferred share)	—		—		—		—			(4,168		)	—			—			—	—			(4,168		)	—			(4,168		)	—
Cash dividends declared ($1.10 per common share)	—		—		—		—			(8,256		)	—			—			—	—			(8,256		)	—			(8,256		)	—
Repurchases of common shares	(215,671	)	—		—		—			—			—			—			215,671	(22,499		)	(22,499		)	—			(22,499		)	—
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions	163,181		1		—		—			1,013			—			—			—	—			1,014			—			1,014			—
Taxes paid on stock-based compensation	—		—		—		—			(6,098		)	—			—			—	—			(6,098		)	—			(6,098		)	—
Stock-based compensation	—		—		—		—			11,447			—			—			—	—			11,447			—			11,447			—
Balances at June 30, 2019	6,944,892		$	107	1,150,000		$	110,843		$	1,204,033		$	(262,193	)	$	(7	)	3,770,913	$	(401,748	)	$	651,035		$	12,637		$	663,672		$	60,502
Balances at December 31, 2019	6,809,280		$	107	1,150,000		$	110,843		$	1,199,205		$	(215,216	)	$	9		3,927,607	$	(419,249	)	$	675,699		$	10,558		$	686,257		$	63,845
Net income (loss)	—		—		—		—			—			6,994			—			—	—			6,994			(1,123		)	5,871			11,344
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—		—			—			—			(26		)	—	—			(26		)	—			(26		)	—
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	—		—		—		—			(167		)	—			—			—	—			(167		)	(1,090		)	(1,257		)	15,498
Conversion of preferred stock	912,806		9		(1,150,000	)	(110,843		)	110,834			—			—			—	—			—			—			—			—
Cash dividends declared ($1.34 per common share)	—		—		—		—			(11,676		)	—			—			—	—			(11,676		)	—			(11,676		)	—
Repurchases of common shares	(185,853	)	—		—		—			—			—			—			185,853	(17,500		)	(17,500		)	—			(17,500		)	—
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions	128,039		2		—		—			112			—			—			—	—			114			—			114			—
Taxes paid on stock-based compensation	—		—		—		—			(5,569		)	—			—			—	—			(5,569		)				(5,569		)	—
Stock-based compensation	—		—		—		—			10,297			—			—			—	—			10,297			—			10,297			—
Balances at June 30, 2020	7,664,272		$	118	—		$	—		$	1,303,036		$	(208,222	)	$	(17	)	4,113,460	$	(436,749	)	$	658,166		$	8,345		$	666,511		$	90,687

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Business

Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. (the "Company," "we," "us," "our" or "Virtus"), a Delaware corporation, operates in the investment management industry through its subsidiaries.

The Company provides investment management and related services to individuals and institutions. The Company’s retail investment management services are provided to individuals through products consisting of U.S. 1940 Act mutual funds and Undertaking for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities ("UCITS" or "offshore funds" and collectively, with U.S. 1940 Act mutual funds, "open-end funds"), exchange traded funds ("ETFs"), closed-end funds (collectively, with open-end funds and ETFs, "funds") and retail separate accounts. Institutional investment management services are offered through separate accounts and pooled or commingled structures to a variety of institutional clients. The Company also provides subadvisory services to other investment advisers and serves as the collateral manager for structured products.

2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 ("2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The Company’s significant accounting policies, which have been consistently applied, are summarized in its 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

New Accounting Standards Implemented

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software, including an internal-use software license. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). This standard modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Implemented

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments-Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). This standard clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities under Topic 321, the accounting for equity method investments in Topic 323, and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options in Topic 815. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, with the amendments to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles of Topic 740, Income Taxes, and also improves consistent application by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, with the amendments to be applied on a retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective basis, depending on the specific amendment. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Revenues

The Company's revenues are recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied, which occurs when control of the services is transferred to customers. Investment management fees, distribution and service fees, and administration and shareholder service fees are generally calculated as a percentage of average net assets of the investment portfolios managed. The net asset values from which investment management, distribution and service, and administration and shareholder service fees are calculated are variable in nature and subject to factors outside of the Company's control such as additional investments, withdrawals and market performance. Because of this, these fees are considered constrained until the end of the contractual measurement period (monthly or quarterly), which is when asset values are generally determinable.

Revenue Disaggregated by Source

The following table summarizes revenue by source:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Investment management fees
Open-end funds	$	54,018	$	56,973	$	113,126	$	110,266
Closed-end funds	8,557		10,620		18,736		20,639
Retail separate accounts	22,398		20,664		48,112		38,669
Institutional accounts	24,606		23,656		47,523		45,833
Structured products	417		1,585		1,991		3,232
Other products	554		1,093		1,350		1,870
Total investment management fees	110,550		114,591		230,838		220,509
Distribution and service fees	8,889		10,617		18,349		20,680
Administration and shareholder service fees	13,289		15,054		27,942		29,467
Other income and fees	166		227		331		551
Total revenues	$	132,894	$	140,489	$	277,460	$	271,207

4. Intangible Assets, Net

Below is a summary of intangible assets, net:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Investment contracts and other	$	489,570		$	489,570
Accumulated amortization	(237,761		)	(222,695		)
Definite-lived intangible assets, net	251,809			266,875
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	43,516			43,516
Total intangible assets, net	$	295,325		$	310,391

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Activity in intangible assets, net was as follows: 

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Intangible assets, net
Balance, beginning of period	$	310,391		$	338,812
Additions	—			1,696
Amortization	(15,066		)	(15,124		)
Balance, end of period	$	295,325		$	325,384

Definite-lived intangible asset amortization for the remainder of fiscal year 2020 and succeeding fiscal years is estimated as follows:

Fiscal Year	Amount (in thousands)
Remainder of 2020	$	15,061
2021	30,116
2022	29,992
2023	29,330
2024	23,689
2025 and thereafter	123,621
	$	251,809

5. Investments

Investments consist primarily of investments in the Company's sponsored products. The Company's investments, excluding the assets of consolidated investment products ("CIP") discussed in Note 15, at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Investment securities - fair value	$	40,024	$	60,990
Equity method investments (1)	11,461		12,030
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,526		8,724
Other investments	1,290		1,462
Total investments	$	61,301	$	83,206

(1) The Company's equity method investments are valued on a three-month lag based upon the availability of financial information. 

Investment Securities - fair value

Investment securities - fair value consist of investments in the Company's sponsored funds, separately managed accounts and trading debt securities. The composition of the Company’s investment securities - fair value was as follows:

	June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Investment Securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	$	23,735	$	27,341	$	44,588	$	47,654
Equity securities	10,818		12,679		11,250		13,320
Debt securities	7		4		44		16
Total investment securities - fair value	$	34,560	$	40,024	$	55,882	$	60,990

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized realized gains of less than $0.1 million

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and realized losses of $0.3 million, respectively, on the sale of its investment securities - fair value. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized a realized gain of $0.2 million and a realized loss of $0.6 million, respectively, on the sale of its investment securities - fair value.

6. Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding the assets and liabilities of CIP discussed in Note 15, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by fair value hierarchy level were as follows:

June 30, 2020  

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	138,847	$	—	$	—	$	138,847
Investment securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	27,341		—		—		27,341
Equity securities	12,679		—		—		12,679
Debt securities	—		4		—		4
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,526		—		—		8,526
Total assets measured at fair value	$	187,393	$	4	$	—	$	187,397

December 31, 2019  

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	187,255	$	—	$	—	$	187,255
Investment securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	47,654		—		—		47,654
Equity securities	13,320		—		—		13,320
Debt securities	—		16		—		16
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,724		—		—		8,724
Total assets measured at fair value	$	256,953	$	16	$	—	$	256,969

The following is a discussion of the valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets measured at fair value:

Cash equivalents represent investments in money market funds. Cash investments in money market funds are valued using published net asset values and are classified as Level 1.

Sponsored funds represent investments in open-end funds, closed-end funds and ETFs for which the Company acts as the investment manager. The fair value of open-end funds is determined based on their published net asset values and are categorized as Level 1. The fair value of closed-end funds and ETFs is determined based on the official closing price on the exchange on which they are traded and are categorized as Level 1.

Equity securities represent securities traded on active markets and are valued at the official closing price (typically the last sale or bid) on the exchange on which the securities are primarily traded and are categorized as Level 1.

Debt securities represent investments in senior secured bank loans and are based on evaluated quotations received from independent pricing services and are categorized as Level 2.

Nonqualified retirement plan assets represent mutual funds within a nonqualified retirement plan whose fair value is determined based on their published net asset value and are categorized as Level 1.

Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities equal or approximate fair value based on the short-term nature of these instruments.

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The Company had no Level 3 investments for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020. The following table is a reconciliation of assets for Level 3 investments for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value for the three and six-months ended June 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2019
Level 3 Investments (1)
Balance at beginning of period	$	4,417		$	4,122
Purchases (sales), net	(4,417		)	(4,185		)
Change in realized and unrealized gain (loss), net	—			63
Balance at end of period	$	—		$	—

(1) The investments that are categorized as Level 3 were valued utilizing third-party pricing information without adjustment.

7. Equity Transactions

Preferred Stock Conversion

On February 3, 2020, 1,150,000 shares of mandatory convertible preferred stock ("MCPS") converted to 912,870 shares of the Company's common stock. Each share of MCPS converted to 0.7938 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $125.97 per share, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The number of shares of common stock issued upon conversion was determined based on the volume-weighted average price per share of the Company's common stock over the 20 consecutive trading day period beginning on, and including, the 22nd scheduled trading day immediately preceding the mandatory conversion date.

Dividends Declared    

On May 13, 2020, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.67 per common share to be paid on August 14, 2020 to stockholders of record at the close of business on July 31, 2020.

Common Stock Repurchases    

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company repurchased 74,897 and 185,853 common shares, respectively, at a weighted average price of $100.11 and $94.13 per share, respectively, for a total cost, including fees and expenses, of $7.5 million and $17.5 million, respectively, under its share repurchase program. In May 2020, the Company's Board of Directors authorized an additional 750,000 shares to be repurchased under the share repurchase program. As of June 30, 2020, 816,585 shares remained available for repurchase. Under the terms of the program, the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock from time to time at its discretion through open market repurchases, privately negotiated transactions and/or other mechanisms, depending on price and prevailing market and business conditions. The program, which has no specified term, may be suspended or terminated at any time.    

8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

(in thousands)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available-for-Sale		Foreign  Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	—	$	9
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $9	—		(26		)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	—		(26		)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	—	$	(17	)

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(in thousands)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available-for-Sale			Foreign  Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(726	)	$	(5	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $1	—			(2		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax of $(254)	726			—
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	726			(2		)
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	—		$	(7	)

9. Stock-Based Compensation

Pursuant to the Company's Omnibus Incentive and Equity Plan (the "Plan"), officers, employees and directors may be granted equity-based awards, including restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance stock units ("PSUs"), stock options and unrestricted shares of common stock. At June 30, 2020, 337,091 shares of common stock remained available for issuance of the 2,820,000 shares that are authorized for issuance under the Plan.

Stock based compensation expense is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense	$	6,492	$	5,755	$	10,113	$	11,384

Restricted Stock Units

Each RSU entitles the holder to one share of common stock when the restriction expires. RSUs may be time-vested or performance-contingent (PSUs) and generally vest in one to three years. Shares that are issued upon vesting are newly issued shares from the Plan and are not issued from treasury stock.

RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020 is summarized as follows: 

	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	528,376		$	115.74
Granted	210,264		$	86.36
Forfeited	(3,263	)	$	121.03
Settled	(178,859	)	$	110.77
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	556,518		$	106.21

For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, a total of 62,899 and 57,411 RSUs, respectively, were withheld by the Company as a result of net share settlements to settle minimum employee tax withholding obligations. The Company paid $5.5 million and $5.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, in minimum employee tax withholding obligations related to RSUs withheld for net share settlements. These net share settlements had the effect of share repurchases by the Company as they reduced the number of shares that would have been otherwise issued as a result of the vesting.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company granted 68,371 PSUs, included in the table above, that contain performance-based metrics in addition to a service condition. Compensation expense for PSUs is generally recognized over a three-year service period based upon the value determined using a combination of (i) the intrinsic value method, for awards that contain a performance metric that represents a "performance condition" in accordance with ASC 718 and (ii) the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model for awards that contain a "market condition" performance metric under ASC 718. Compensation expense for PSU awards that contain a market condition is fixed at the date of grant and will not be adjusted in

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future periods based upon the achievement of the market condition. Compensation expense for PSU awards with a performance condition is recorded each period based upon a probability assessment of the expected outcome of the performance metric with a final adjustment upon measurement at the end of the performance period.

As of June 30, 2020, unamortized stock-based compensation expense for unvested RSUs and PSUs was $30.0 million, with a weighted-average remaining amortization period of 1.6 years.

10. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, excluding dilution for potential common stock issuances. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, including: (i) shares issuable upon the vesting of RSUs and stock option exercises using the treasury stock method and (ii) shares issuable upon the conversion of the MCPS, as determined under the if-converted method. For purposes of calculating diluted EPS, preferred stock dividends have been subtracted from net income (loss) in periods in which utilizing the if-converted method would be anti-dilutive.

The computation of basic and diluted EPS is as follows: 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Net Income (Loss)	$	16,209		$	27,899		$	17,215		$	50,367
Noncontrolling interests	(4,930		)	(973		)	(10,221		)	(1,695		)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Stockholders	11,279			26,926			6,994			48,672
Preferred stock dividends	—			(2,084		)	—			(4,168		)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders	$	11,279		$	24,842		$	6,994		$	44,504
Shares:
Basic: Weighted-average number of shares outstanding	7,720			6,999			7,572			7,010
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments	175			1,253			364			1,280
Diluted: Weighted-average number of shares outstanding	7,895			8,252			7,936			8,290
Earnings (Loss) per Share—Basic	$	1.46		$	3.55		$	0.92		$	6.35
Earnings (Loss) per Share—Diluted	$	1.43		$	3.26		$	0.88		$	5.87

The following table details the securities that have been excluded from the above computation of weighted-average number of shares for diluted EPS, because the effect would be anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020	2019	2020	2019
Restricted stock units and options	35	27	1	24
Total anti-dilutive securities	35	27	1	24

11. Income Taxes

In calculating the provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances at each interim period. On a quarterly basis, the estimated annual effective tax rate is adjusted, as appropriate, based upon changes in facts and circumstances, if any, as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year and at each interim period thereafter.

The provision for income taxes reflected U.S. federal, state and local taxes at an estimated effective tax rate of 50.9% and 20.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The comparatively higher estimated effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to unrealized losses on certain Company investments for which a valuation allowance was recorded.  

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12. Debt

Credit Agreement

The Company's credit agreement, as amended (the "Credit Agreement"), is comprised of (i) $365.0 million of seven-year term debt (the "Term Loan") expiring in June 2024 and (ii) a $100.0 million five-year revolving credit facility (the "Credit Facility") expiring in June 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company reduced its Term Loan by $45.0 million, including the retirement of $10.0 million of principal for $8.9 million from certain debt holders in accordance with the prepayment provisions in the Credit Agreement. At June 30, 2020, $240.7 million was outstanding under the Term Loan, and the Company had no outstanding borrowings under its Credit Facility. In accordance with ASC 835, Interest, the amounts outstanding under the Company's Term Loan are presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet net of related debt issuance costs, which were $5.9 million as of June 30, 2020.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

The Company is involved from time to time in litigation and arbitration, as well as examinations, inquiries and investigations by various regulatory bodies, including the SEC, involving its compliance with, among other things, securities laws, client investment guidelines, laws governing the activities of broker-dealers and other laws and regulations affecting its products and other activities. Legal and regulatory matters of this nature involve or may involve but are not limited to the Company’s activities as an employer, issuer of securities, investor, investment adviser, broker-dealer or taxpayer. In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company discusses matters with its regulators raised during regulatory examinations or is otherwise subject to their inquiry. These matters could result in censures, fines, penalties or other sanctions.

The Company accrues for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, in the event the Company determines that a loss is not probable, but is reasonably possible, and it becomes possible to develop what the Company believes to be a reasonable range of possible loss, then the Company will include disclosures related to such matter as appropriate and in compliance with ASC 450, Contingencies. The disclosures, accruals or estimates, if any, resulting from the foregoing analysis are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. Based on information currently available, available insurance coverage, indemnities and established reserves, the Company believes that the outcomes of its legal and regulatory proceedings are not likely, either individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or its consolidated financial condition. However, in the event of unexpected subsequent developments and given the inherent unpredictability of these legal and regulatory matters, the Company can provide no assurance that its assessment of any claim, dispute, regulatory examination or investigation or other legal matter will reflect the ultimate outcome, and an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.

14. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable noncontrolling interests represent third-party investments in the Company's CIP and minority interests held in a consolidated affiliate. Minority interests held in an affiliate are subject to holder put rights and Company call rights at established multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and, as such, are considered redeemable at other than fair value. The rights are exercisable at pre-established intervals (between four and seven years from their issuance) or upon certain conditions such as retirement. The put and call rights are not legally detachable or separately exercisable and are deemed to be embedded in the related noncontrolling interests. The Company, in purchasing affiliate equity, has the option to settle in cash or shares of the Company's common stock and is entitled to the cash flow associated with any purchased equity. Minority interests in an affiliate are recorded at estimated redemption value within redeemable noncontrolling interests on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and changes in estimated redemption value of these interests are recorded in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within noncontrolling interests.

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Redeemable noncontrolling interests for the six months ended June 30, 2020 included the following amounts:

(in thousands)	CIP			Affiliate Noncontrolling Interests			Total
Balances at December 31, 2019	$	5,429		$	58,416		$	63,845
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(780		)	1,885			1,105
Changes in redemption value (1)	—			10,239			10,239
Total net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(780		)	12,124			11,344
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	19,696			(4,198		)	15,498
Balances at June 30, 2020	$	24,345		$	66,342		$	90,687

(1) Relates to noncontrolling interests redeemable at other than fair value.

15. Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries and investment products that are consolidated. Voting interest entities ("VOEs") are consolidated when the Company is considered to have a controlling financial interest, which is typically present when the Company owns a majority of the voting interest in an entity or otherwise has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity.

The Company evaluates any variable interest entities ("VIEs") in which the Company has a variable interest for consolidation. A VIE is an entity in which either (i) the equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its own activities without additional financial support or (ii) where as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk do not possess (x) the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; (y) the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity; or (z) proportionate voting and economic interests and where substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor with disproportionately fewer voting rights. If an entity has any of these characteristics, it is considered a VIE and is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

In the normal course of its business, the Company sponsors various investment products, some of which are consolidated by the Company. CIP includes both VOEs, made up primarily of open-end funds in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest, and VIEs, which primarily consist of CLOs of which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary. The consolidation and deconsolidation of these investment products have no impact on net income (loss) attributable to stockholders. The Company’s risk with respect to these investment products is limited to its beneficial interests in these products. The Company has no right to the benefits from, and does not bear the risks associated with, these investment products beyond the Company’s investments in, and fees generated from, these products.

The following table presents the balances of CIP that, after intercompany eliminations, were reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	As of
	June 30, 2020									December 31, 2019
				VIEs									VIEs
(in thousands)	VOEs			CLOs			Other			VOEs			CLOs			Other
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,966		$	72,721		$	1,098		$	2,665		$	97,130		$	363
Investments	45,560			2,194,211			34,049			22,223			1,976,148			31,739
Other assets	5,328			23,894			565			1,563			21,450			599
Notes payable	—			(2,156,587		)	—			—			(1,834,535		)	—
Securities purchased payable and other liabilities	(5,250		)	(66,707		)	(356		)	(2,964		)	(164,887		)	(200		)
Noncontrolling interests	(22,304		)	(8,345		)	(2,041		)	(3,865		)	(10,558		)	(1,564		)
Net interests in CIP	$	33,300		$	59,187		$	33,315		$	19,622		$	84,748		$	30,937

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Consolidated CLOs

The majority of the Company's CIP that are VIEs are CLOs. At June 30, 2020, the Company consolidated six CLOs. The financial information of certain CLOs is included in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements on a one-month lag based upon the availability of the fund financial information. A majority-owned consolidated private fund, whose primary purpose is to invest in CLOs for which the Company serves as the collateral manager, is also included.

Investments of CLOs

The CLOs held investments of $2.2 billion at June 30, 2020 consisting of bank loan investments, which comprise the majority of the CLOs' portfolio asset collateral and are senior secured corporate loans across a variety of industries. These bank loan investments mature at various dates between 2020 and 2028 and pay interest at LIBOR plus a spread of up to 8.50%. The CLOs may elect to reinvest any prepayments received on bank loan investments up until the periods between October 2019 and March 2025, depending on the CLO. Generally, subsequent prepayments received after the reinvestment period must be used to pay down the note obligations. At June 30, 2020, the fair value of the senior bank loans was less than the unpaid principal balance by $219.3 million. At June 30, 2020, there were no material collateral assets in default.

Notes Payable of CLOs

The CLOs held notes payable with a total value, at par, of $2.5 billion at March 31, 2020, consisting of senior secured floating rate notes payable with a par value of $2.3 billion and subordinated notes with a par value of $225.9 million. These note obligations bear interest at variable rates based on LIBOR plus a pre-defined spread ranging from 0.8% to 8.7%. The principal amounts outstanding of these note obligations mature on dates ranging from October 2027 to January 2033.

The Company’s beneficial interests and maximum exposure to loss related to these consolidated CLOs is limited to (i) ownership in the subordinated notes and (ii) accrued management fees. The secured notes of the consolidated CLOs have contractual recourse only to the related assets of the CLO and are classified as financial liabilities. Although these beneficial interests are eliminated upon consolidation, the application of the measurement alternative prescribed by ASU 2014-13, Consolidation (Topic 810) ("ASU 2014-13") results in the net assets of the consolidated CLOs shown above to be equivalent to the beneficial interests retained by the Company at June 30, 2020, as shown in the table below:

(in thousands)
Subordinated notes	$	57,524
Accrued investment management fees	1,663
Total beneficial interests	$	59,187

The following table represents income and expenses of the consolidated CLOs included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the period indicated:

(in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Income:
Realized and unrealized gain (loss), net	$	(11,516	)
Interest income	56,942
Total income	45,426
Expenses:
Other operating expenses	8,676
Interest expense	52,636
Total expense	61,312
Noncontrolling interests	1,123
Net Income (loss) attributable to CIP	$	(14,763	)

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As summarized in the table below, the application of the measurement alternative as prescribed by ASU 2014-13 results in the consolidated net income summarized above to be equivalent to the Company’s own economic interests in the consolidated CLOs, which are eliminated upon consolidation:

(in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Distributions received and unrealized gains (losses) on the subordinated notes held by the Company	$	(19,376	)
Investment management fees	4,613
Total economic interests	$	(14,763	)

Fair Value Measurements of CIP

The assets and liabilities of CIP measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by fair value hierarchy level were as follows:

As of June 30, 2020

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	72,721	$	—	$	—	$	72,721
Debt investments	16,040		2,220,486		11,552		2,248,078
Equity investments	24,202		1,220		320		25,742
Derivatives	295		511		—		806
Total assets measured at fair value	$	113,258	$	2,222,217	$	11,872	$	2,347,347
Liabilities
Notes payable	$	—	$	2,156,587	$	—	$	2,156,587
Derivatives	495		311		—		806
Short sales	421		—		—		421
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	916	$	2,156,898	$	—	$	2,157,814

As of December 31, 2019

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	97,130	$	—	$	—	$	97,130
Debt investments	218		1,973,427		39,389		2,013,034
Equity investments	15,872		171		1,033		17,076
Total assets measured at fair value	$	113,220	$	1,973,598	$	40,422	$	2,127,240
Liabilities
Notes payable	$	—	$	1,834,535	$	—	$	1,834,535
Short sales	430		—		—		430
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	430	$	1,834,535	$	—	$	1,834,965

The following is a discussion of the valuation methodologies used for the assets and liabilities of the Company’s CIP measured at fair value:

Cash equivalents represent investments in money market funds. Cash investments in money market funds are valued using published net asset values and are classified as Level 1.

Debt and equity investments represent the underlying debt, equity and other securities held in CIP. Equity investments are valued at the official closing price on the exchange on which the securities are traded and are generally categorized within Level 1. Level 2 investments represent most debt securities, including bank loans and certain equity securities (including non-U.S. securities), for which closing prices are not readily available or are deemed to not reflect readily available market prices,

16

and are valued using an independent pricing service. Debt investments are valued based on quotations received from independent pricing services or from dealers who make markets in such securities. Bank loan investments, which are included as debt investments, are generally priced at the average mid-point of bid and ask quotations obtained from a third-party pricing service. Fair value may also be based upon valuations obtained from independent third-party brokers or dealers utilizing matrix pricing models that consider information regarding securities with similar characteristics. In certain instances, fair value has been determined utilizing discounted cash flow analyses or single broker non-binding quotes. Depending on the nature of the inputs, these assets are classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value measurement hierarchy. Level 3 investments include debt and equity securities that are not widely traded, are illiquid or are priced by dealers based on pricing models used by market makers in the security.

Derivative assets and liabilities represent futures contracts, swaps contracts, option contracts and forward contracts held in CIP. Derivative instruments in an asset position are classified as other assets of CIP in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivative instruments in a liability position are classified as liabilities of CIP within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in fair value of such derivatives is recorded in realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments of CIP, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Depending on the nature of the inputs, these derivative assets and liabilities are classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value measurement hierarchy. In connection with entering into these derivative contracts, these CIP may be required to pledge an amount of cash equal to the appropriate “initial margin” requirements. The cash pledged or on deposit is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of the Company as Cash pledged or on deposit of CIP. The fair value of such derivatives at June 30, 2020 was immaterial.

Notes payable represent notes issued by CIP CLOs and are measured using the measurement alternative in ASU 2014-13. Accordingly, the fair value of CLO liabilities was measured as the fair value of CLO assets less the sum of (i) the fair value of the beneficial interests held by the Company, and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services. The fair value of the beneficial interests held by the Company is based on third-party pricing information without adjustment.

Short sales are transactions in which a security is sold that is not owned or is owned but there is no intention to deliver, in anticipation that the price of the security will decline. Short sales are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets within other liabilities of CIP and are classified as Level 1 based on the underlying equity security.

The securities purchase payable at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 approximated fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments.

The following table is a reconciliation of assets of CIP for Level 3 investments for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Level 3 Investments of CIP (1)
Balance at beginning of period	$	40,422		$	6,848
Realized gains (losses), net	4			(114		)
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net	(920		)	563
Purchases	56			2,157
Amortization	6			—
Sales	(1,195		)	(2,457		)
Transfers to Level 2	(38,607		)	(21,891		)
Transfers from Level 2	12,106			40,032
Balance at end of period	$	11,872		$	25,138

(1) The investments that are categorized as Level 3 were valued utilizing third-party pricing information without adjustment. Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 were due to trading activities at period end.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

The Company serves as the collateral manager for other collateralized loan and collateralized bond obligations (collectively, "CDOs") that are not consolidated. The assets and liabilities of these CDOs reside in bankruptcy remote, special

17

purpose entities in which the Company has no ownership of, nor holds any notes issued by, the CDOs, and provides neither recourse nor guarantees. The Company has determined that the investment management fees it receives for serving as collateral manager for these CDOs did not represent a variable interest since (i) the fees the Company earns are compensation for services provided and are commensurate with the level of effort required to provide the investment management services, (ii) the Company does not hold other interests in the CDOs that individually, or in the aggregate, would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the CDOs' expected losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the CDOs' expected residual return, and (iii) the investment management arrangement only includes terms, conditions and amounts that are customarily present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm's length.

The Company has interests in certain other entities that are VIEs that the Company does not consolidate as it is not the primary beneficiary of those entities. The Company is not the primary beneficiary as its interest in these entities does not provide the Company with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities' economic performance.

At June 30, 2020, the carrying value and maximum risk of loss related to the Company's interest in these VIEs was $14.6 million.

16. Subsequent Events

On July 4, 2020, two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into an agreement with Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC and Allianz Global Investors Distributors LLC (collectively, "AllianzGI") allowing the Company to be the investment adviser, distributor and/or administrator of certain AllianzGI's open-end, closed-end and retail separate account assets. The agreement is subject to the approval of the AllianceGI U.S. Funds Board and fund shareholders and is expected to close near year-end 2020.

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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are, or may be considered to be, forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). All statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs or expectations, are "forward-looking statements." These statements may be identified by such forward-looking terminology as "expect," "estimate," "intent," "plan," "intend," "believe," "anticipate," "may," "will," "should," "could," "continue," "project," "opportunity," "predict," "would," "potential," "future," "forecast," "guarantee," "assume," "likely," "target" or similar statements or variations of such terms.

Our forward-looking statements are based on a series of expectations, assumptions and projections about the Company and the markets in which we operate, are not guarantees of future results or performance, and involve substantial risks and uncertainty, including assumptions and projections concerning our assets under management, net asset inflows and outflows, operating cash flows, business plans and ability to borrow, for all future periods. All forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q only.

We can give no assurance that such expectations or forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. Actual results may differ materially. We do not undertake or plan to update or revise any such forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in plans, assumptions, estimates or projections, or other circumstances occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, even if such results, changes or circumstances make it clear that any forward-looking information will not be realized. If there are any future public statements or disclosures by us that modify or impact any of the forward-looking statements contained in or accompanying this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, such statements or disclosures will be deemed to modify or supersede such statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Our business and our forward-looking statements involve substantial known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under "Risk Factors" and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, as well as the following risks and uncertainties resulting from: (i) the on-going effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated global economic disruption; (ii) any reduction in our assets under management; (iii) withdrawal, renegotiation or termination of investment advisory agreements; (iv) damage to our reputation; (v) failure to comply with investment guidelines or other contractual requirements; (vi) inability to satisfy financial covenants and payments related to our indebtedness; (vii) inability to attract and retain key personnel; (viii) challenges from the competition we face in our business; (ix) adverse regulatory and legal developments; (x) unfavorable changes in tax laws or limitations; (xi) adverse developments related to unaffiliated subadvisers; (xii) negative implications of changes in key distribution relationships; (xiii) interruptions in or failure to provide critical technological service by us or third parties; (xiv) volatility associated with our common stock; (xv) adverse civil litigation and government investigations or proceedings; (xvi) risk of loss on our investments; (xvii) inability to make quarterly common stock dividends; (xviii) lack of sufficient capital on satisfactory terms; (xix) losses or costs not covered by insurance; (xx) impairment of goodwill or intangible assets; (xxi) inability to achieve expected acquisition-related benefits; and other risks and uncertainties. Any occurrence of, or any material adverse change in, one or more risk factors or risks and uncertainties referred to above, in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and our other periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") could materially and adversely affect our operations, financial results, cash flows, prospects and liquidity.

Certain other factors that may impact our continuing operations, prospects, financial results and liquidity, or that may cause actual results to differ from such forward-looking statements, are discussed or included in the Company’s periodic reports filed with the SEC and are available on our website at www.virtus.com under "Investor Relations." You are urged to carefully consider all such factors.

Overview

Our Business

We provide investment management and related services to individuals and institutions. We use a multi-manager, multi-style approach, offering investment strategies from affiliated managers, each having its own distinct investment style, autonomous investment process and individual brand. By offering a broad array of products, we believe we can appeal to a greater number of investors and have offerings across market cycles and through changes in investor preferences. Our earnings

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are primarily driven by asset-based fees charged for services relating to these various products, including investment management, fund administration, distribution and shareholder services.

We offer investment strategies for individual and institutional investors in different product structures and through multiple distribution channels. Our investment strategies are available in a diverse range of styles and disciplines, managed by a collection of differentiated investment managers. We have offerings in various asset classes (equity, fixed income and alternative), geographies (domestic, international and emerging), market capitalizations (large, mid and small), styles (growth, core and value) and investment approaches (fundamental, quantitative and thematic). Our retail products include open-end funds and exchange traded funds ("ETFs") as well as closed-end funds and retail separate accounts. Our institutional products are offered through separate accounts and pooled or commingled structures to a variety of institutional clients. We also provide subadvisory services to other investment advisers and serve as the collateral manager for structured products.

We distribute our open-end funds and ETFs principally through financial intermediaries. We have broad distribution access in the retail market, with distribution partners that include national and regional broker-dealers, independent broker-dealers and registered investment advisers, banks and insurance companies. In many of these firms, we have a number of products that are on preferred "recommended" lists and on fee-based advisory programs. Our sales efforts are supported by regional sales professionals, a national account relationship group, and separate teams for ETFs and the retirement and insurance channels. We leverage third-party distributors for off-shore products and in certain international jurisdictions. Our retail separate accounts are distributed through financial intermediaries and directly to private clients by teams at an affiliated manager.

Our institutional services are marketed through relationships with consultants as well as directly to clients. We target key market segments, including foundations and endowments, corporate, public and private pension plans, and subadvisory relationships.

Recent Market Developments

    During the first half of 2020, the novel coronavirus global pandemic ("COVID-19") significantly impacted the global economy and financial markets, creating uncertainty, market volatility and dislocation. Financial markets experienced significant declines during the first quarter of 2020 and in the second quarter, certain markets, including domestic equity securities, experienced recoveries erasing much of the first quarter decline.  In an effort to contain COVID-19 in the U.S., or slow its spread, the federal government and nearly every state enacted varying degrees of social containment measures, restricting business and related activities, closing borders, and restricting travel.  Governments around the world have responded to COVID-19 with economic stimulus measures. These measures are intended to support businesses, employees and consumers until economic activities recover. Although financial markets, particularly domestic equity securities, have largely recovered in the second quarter, the economy has been slower to recover. The timing and magnitude of the economic recovery, as well as the sustainability of the financial markets second quarter recovery, is uncertain.

Impact of COVID-19 to our Business

As a result of the challenging and volatile capital, equity and credit markets our assets under management experienced significant market volatility during the first six months of 2020 with market depreciation of $16.6 billion and market appreciation of $15.2 billion during the first and second quarters of 2020, respectively. In addition, the fair market value of our seed capital and other investments experienced similar volatility. To the extent that financial markets continue to be impacted, we may experience further volatility in our assets under management and the fair market value of our seed capital and other investments.

Financial Highlights

• Net income per diluted share was $1.43 in the second quarter of 2020, as compared to net income per diluted share of $3.26 in the second quarter of 2019.

• Total sales were $9.1 billion in the second quarter of 2020, an increase of $4.0 billion, or 77.5%, from $5.1 billion in the second quarter of 2019. Net flows were $2.5 billion in the second quarter of 2020 compared to $0.1 billion in the second quarter of 2019.

• Assets under management were $108.5 billion at June 30, 2020, an increase of $3.5 billion, or 3.3%, from June 30, 2019.

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Assets Under Management

At June 30, 2020, total assets under management were $108.5 billion, representing an increase of $3.5 billion, or 3.3%, from June 30, 2019, and a decrease of $0.4 billion, or 0.4%, from December 31, 2019. The change in total assets under management from June 30, 2019 included $4.6 billion of positive market performance and $0.5 billion of positive flows. The change in total assets under management from December 31, 2019 was due to $1.3 billion of negative market performance partially offset by $1.3 billion of positive net flows.

Average long-term assets under management, which represent the majority of our fee-earning asset levels, were $100.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of $3.2 billion, or 3.3%, from $97.6 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in average long-term assets under management compared to the prior year period was primarily due to market performance and positive net flows.

Operating Results

In the second quarter of 2020, total revenues decreased 5.4% to $132.9 million from $140.5 million in the second quarter of 2019, primarily as a result of lower average assets under management in our open-end funds. Operating income decreased $3.5 million to $26.6 million in the second quarter of 2020 compared to $30.1 million in the second quarter of 2019, primarily due to decreased revenue partially offset by lower operating expenses.

Assets Under Management by Product

The following table summarizes our assets under management by product:

	As of June 30,				Change
(in millions)	2020		2019		$			%
Open-End Funds (1)	$	40,053	$	41,223	$	(1,170	)	(2.8	)%
Closed-End Funds	5,639		6,653		(1,014		)	(15.2	)%
Exchange Traded Funds	541		1,078		(537		)	(49.8	)%
Retail Separate Accounts	22,054		18,260		3,794			20.8	%
Institutional Accounts	34,545		32,056		2,489			7.8	%
Structured Products	4,264		3,984		280			7.0	%
Total Long-Term	107,096		103,254		3,842			3.7	%
Liquidity (2)	1,365		1,752		(387		)	(22.1	)%
Total	$	108,461	$	105,006	$	3,455		3.3	%
Average Assets Under Management (3)	$	102,031	$	99,316	$	2,715		2.7	%
Average Long-Term Assets Under Management (3)	$	100,788	$	97,569	$	3,219		3.3	%

(1) Represents assets under management of U.S. retail funds, offshore funds and variable insurance funds.

(2) Represents assets under management in liquidity strategies, including in certain open-end funds and institutional accounts.

(3) Averages for the six-month period ended June 30 were calculated as follows:

- Funds - average daily or weekly balances

- Retail Separate Accounts - prior-quarter ending balances

- Institutional Accounts and Structured Products - average of month-end balances

Asset Flows by Product

The following table summarizes asset flows by product:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Open-End Funds (1)
Beginning balance	$	33,498		$	40,633		$	42,870		$	37,710
Inflows	4,388			2,510			8,262			5,510
Outflows	(4,005		)	(3,214		)	(9,476		)	(7,081		)
Net flows	383			(704		)	(1,214		)	(1,571		)

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	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Market performance	6,244			1,465			(1,486		)	5,304
Other (2)	(72		)	(171		)	(117		)	(220		)
Ending balance	$	40,053		$	41,223		$	40,053		$	41,223
Closed-End Funds
Beginning balance	$	5,343		$	6,553		$	6,748		$	5,956
Inflows	—			9			5			20
Outflows	—			—			—			—
Net flows	—			9			5			20
Market performance	380			182			(805		)	844
Other (2)	(84		)	(91		)	(309		)	(167		)
Ending balance	$	5,639		$	6,653		$	5,639		$	6,653
Exchange Traded Funds
Beginning balance	$	480		$	1,102		$	1,156		$	668
Inflows	74			132			160			526
Outflows	(140		)	(117		)	(373		)	(163		)
Net flows	(66		)	15			(213		)	363
Market performance	137			(5		)	(368		)	103
Other (2)	(10		)	(34		)	(34		)	(56		)
Ending balance	$	541		$	1,078		$	541		$	1,078
Retail Separate Accounts
Beginning balance	$	17,660		$	17,123		$	20,414		$	14,998
Inflows	1,483			731			2,544			1,484
Outflows	(654		)	(447		)	(1,429		)	(919		)
Net flows	829			284			1,115			565
Market performance	3,560			877			520			2,772
Other (2)	5			(24		)	5			(75		)
Ending balance	$	22,054		$	18,260		$	22,054		$	18,260
Institutional Accounts
Beginning balance	$	28,210		$	30,514		$	32,635		$	27,445
Inflows	3,141			1,737			4,640			2,691
Outflows	(1,666		)	(1,259		)	(3,443		)	(2,413		)
Net flows	1,475			478			1,197			278
Market performance	4,877			1,141			727			4,297
Other (2)	(17		)	(77		)	(14		)	36
Ending balance	$	34,545		$	32,056		$	34,545		$	32,056
Structured Products
Beginning balance	$	4,343		$	3,998		$	3,903		$	3,640
Inflows	—			—			491			389
Outflows	(73		)	(21		)	(115		)	(37		)
Net flows	(73		)	(21		)	376			352
Market performance	33			56			72			83
Other (2)	(39		)	(49		)	(87		)	(91		)
Ending balance	$	4,264		$	3,984		$	4,264		$	3,984
Total Long-Term
Beginning balance	$	89,534		$	99,923		$	107,726		$	90,417
Inflows	9,086			5,119			16,102			10,620
Outflows	(6,538		)	(5,058		)	(14,836		)	(10,613		)
Net flows	2,548			61			1,266			7
Market performance	15,231			3,716			(1,340		)	13,403
Other (2)	(217		)	(446		)	(556		)	(573		)
Ending balance	$	107,096		$	103,254		$	107,096		$	103,254

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	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Liquidity (3)
Beginning balance	$	1,160		$	1,789		$	1,178		$	1,613
Other (2)	205			(37		)	187			139
Ending balance	$	1,365		$	1,752		$	1,365		$	1,752
Total
Beginning balance	$	90,694		$	101,712		$	108,904		$	92,030
Inflows	9,086			5,119			16,102			10,620
Outflows	(6,538		)	(5,058		)	(14,836		)	(10,613		)
Net flows	2,548			61			1,266			7
Market performance	15,231			3,716			(1,340		)	13,403
Other (2)	(12		)	(483		)	(369		)	(434		)
Ending balance	$	108,461		$	105,006		$	108,461		$	105,006

(1) Represents assets under management of U.S. retail funds, offshore funds and variable insurance funds.

(2) Represents open-end and closed-end fund distributions net of reinvestments, the net change in assets from liquidity strategies and the effect on net flows from non-sales related activities such as asset acquisitions/(dispositions), seed capital investments/(withdrawals), structured products reset transactions and the use of leverage.

(3) Represents assets under management in liquidity strategies, including in certain open-end funds and institutional accounts.

Assets Under Management by Asset Class    

The following table summarizes our assets under management by asset class:

	As of June 30,				Change					% of Total
(in millions)	2020		2019		$			%		2020		2019
Asset Class
Equity	$	73,823	$	64,888	$	8,935		13.8	%	68.1	%	61.8	%
Fixed income	28,870		32,983		(4,113		)	(12.5	)%	26.6	%	31.4	%
Alternatives (1)	4,403		5,383		(980		)	(18.2	)%	4.1	%	5.1	%
Liquidity (2)	1,365		1,752		(387		)	(22.1	)%	1.2	%	1.7	%
Total	$	108,461	$	105,006	$	3,455		3.3	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

 

(1) Consists of real estate securities, mid-stream energy securities and master limited partnerships, options strategies and other.

(2) Represents assets under management in liquidity strategies, including in certain open-end funds and institutional accounts.

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Average Assets Under Management and Average Basis Points

The following table summarizes the average management fees earned in basis points and average assets under management:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	Average Fee Earned (expressed in basis points)		Average Assets Under  Management  (in millions) (2)
	2020	2019	2020		2019
Products
Open-End Funds (1)	58.4	55.7	$	37,198	$	40,961
Closed-End Funds	61.8	65.0	5,566		6,551
Exchange Traded Funds	14.1	23.4	554		1,082
Retail Separate Accounts	51.0	48.4	17,660		17,123
Institutional Accounts	31.3	30.8	31,648		30,771
Structured Products	26.8	35.3	4,265		3,968
All Long-Term Products	46.8	46.3	96,891		100,456
Liquidity (3)	11.8	10.6	1,267		1,769
All Products	46.3	45.7	$	98,158	$	102,225
	Six Months Ended June 30,
	Average Fee Earned (expressed in basis points)		Average Assets Under  Management  (in millions) (2)
	2020	2019	2020		2019
Products
Open-End Funds (1)	58.1	55.2	$	39,129	$	40,247
Closed-End Funds	62.3	65.0	6,045		6,404
Exchange Traded Funds	18.7	20.4	758		977
Retail Separate Accounts	50.8	48.6	19,037		16,061
Institutional Accounts	30.3	30.7	31,591		30,062
Structured Products	30.3	36.1	4,228		3,818
All Long-Term Products	46.8	46.1	100,788		97,569
Liquidity (3)	10.8	10.2	1,243		1,747
All Products	46.4	45.5	$	102,031	$	99,316

 

(1) Represents assets under management of U.S. retail funds, offshore funds and variable insurance funds.

(2) Averages are calculated as follows:

- Funds - average daily or weekly balances

- Retail Separate Accounts - prior-quarter ending balances

- Institutional Accounts and Structured Products - average of month-end balances

(3) Represents assets under management in liquidity strategies, including in certain open-end funds and institutional accounts.

Average fees earned represent investment management fees before the impact of consolidation of investment products ("CIP") divided by average net assets. Fund fees are calculated based on average daily or weekly net assets. Retail separate account fees are calculated based on the end of the preceding or current quarter’s asset values or on an average of month-end balances. Institutional account fees are calculated based on an average of month-end balances or current quarter’s asset values. Structured product fees are calculated based on a combination of the underlying cash flows and the principal value of the product. Average fees earned will vary based on several factors, including the asset mix and expense reimbursements to funds.

The average fee rate earned on long-term products for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 increased by 0.5 and 0.7 basis points, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The primary reason for the increase during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was due to changes in the underlying asset mix to higher fee earning strategies in open-end funds and retail separate accounts during the current year.

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Results of Operations

Summary Financial Data

	Three Months Ended June 30,											Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019			2020 vs. 2019			%		2020			2019			2020 vs. 2019			%
Investment management fees	$	110,550		$	114,591		$	(4,041	)	(3.5	)%	$	230,838		$	220,509		$	10,329		4.7	%
Other revenue	22,344			25,898			(3,554		)	(13.7	)%	46,622			50,698			(4,076		)	(8.0	)%
Total revenues	132,894			140,489			(7,595		)	(5.4	)%	277,460			271,207			6,253			2.3	%
Total operating expenses	106,272			110,361			(4,089		)	(3.7	)%	226,236			220,080			6,156			2.8	%
Operating income (loss)	26,622			30,128			(3,506		)	(11.6	)%	51,224			51,127			97			0.2	%
Other income (expense), net	(435		)	12,455			(12,890		)	(103.5	)%	(16,036		)	14,417			(30,453		)	(211.2	)%
Interest income (expense), net	(2,400		)	(5,896		)	3,496			(59.3	)%	(104		)	(2,170		)	2,066			(95.2	)%
Income (loss) before income taxes	23,787			36,687			(12,900		)	(35.2	)%	35,084			63,374			(28,290		)	(44.6	)%
Income tax expense (benefit)	7,578			8,788			(1,210		)	(13.8	)%	17,869			13,007			4,862			37.4	%
Net income (loss)	16,209			27,899			(11,690		)	(41.9	)%	17,215			50,367			(33,152		)	(65.8	)%
Noncontrolling interests	(4,930		)	(973		)	(3,957		)	406.7	%	(10,221		)	(1,695		)	(8,526		)	503.0	%
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Stockholders	11,279			26,926			(15,647		)	(58.1	)%	6,994			48,672			(41,678		)	(85.6	)%
Preferred stockholder dividends	—			(2,084		)	2,084			(100.0	)%	—			(4,168		)	4,168			(100.0	)%
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders	$	11,279		$	24,842		$	(13,563	)	(54.6	)%	$	6,994		$	44,504		$	(37,510	)	(84.3	)%

Revenues

Revenues by source were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020 vs. 2019			%		2020		2019		2020 vs. 2019			%
Investment management fees
Open-end funds	$	54,018	$	56,973	$	(2,955	)	(5.2	)%	$	113,126	$	110,266	$	2,860		2.6	%
Closed-end funds	8,557		10,620		(2,063		)	(19.4	)%	18,736		20,639		(1,903		)	(9.2	)%
Retail separate accounts	22,398		20,664		1,734			8.4	%	48,112		38,669		9,443			24.4	%
Institutional accounts	24,606		23,656		950			4.0	%	47,523		45,833		1,690			3.7	%
Structured products	417		1,585		(1,168		)	(73.7	)%	1,991		3,232		(1,241		)	(38.4	)%
Other products	554		1,093		(539		)	(49.3	)%	1,350		1,870		(520		)	(27.8	)%
Total investment management fees	110,550		114,591		(4,041		)	(3.5	)%	230,838		220,509		10,329			4.7	%
Distribution and service fees	8,889		10,617		(1,728		)	(16.3	)%	18,349		20,680		(2,331		)	(11.3	)%
Administration and shareholder service fees	13,289		15,054		(1,765		)	(11.7	)%	27,942		29,467		(1,525		)	(5.2	)%
Other income and fees	166		227		(61		)	(26.9	)%	331		551		(220		)	(39.9	)%
Total revenues	$	132,894	$	140,489	$	(7,595	)	(5.4	)%	$	277,460	$	271,207	$	6,253		2.3	%

Investment Management Fees

Investment management fees are earned based on a percentage of assets under management and are paid pursuant to the terms of the respective investment management contracts, which generally require monthly or quarterly payments. Investment management fees decreased by $4.0 million, or 3.5%, and increased $10.3 million, or 4.7%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease in investment management fees during the three-month period was due to a decrease in average assets under management of $4.1 billion, or 4.0%, partially offset by an increase in the total average fee rate of 0.6 basis points. The increase in investment management fees during the six-month period was due to an increase in average assets under management of $2.7 billion and an increase in

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the total average fee rate of 0.9 basis points.

Distribution and Service Fees

Distribution and service fees are sales- and asset-based fees earned from open-end funds for marketing and distribution services. Distribution and service fees decreased by $1.7 million, or 16.3%, and $2.3 million, or 11.3%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to lower sales and average assets for open-end funds in share classes that have distribution and service fees.

Administration and Shareholder Service Fees

Administration and shareholder service fees represent fees earned for fund administration and shareholder services from our open-end mutual funds and certain of our closed-end funds. Fund administration and shareholder service fees decreased by $1.8 million, or 11.7%, and $1.5 million, or 5.2%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year primarily due to the decrease in average assets under management for open-end funds.

Other Income and Fees

Other income and fees primarily represent contingent sales charges earned from investor redemptions of certain shares sold without a front-end sales charge. Other income and fees remained generally consistent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same periods in the prior year.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses by category were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020 vs. 2019			%		2020		2019		2020 vs. 2019			%
Operating expenses
Employment expenses	$	60,163	$	58,123	$	2,040		3.5	%	$	126,293	$	118,974	$	7,319		6.2	%
Distribution and other asset-based expenses	17,345		21,322		(3,977		)	(18.7	)%	36,754		41,086		(4,332		)	(10.5	)%
Other operating expenses	17,436		19,174		(1,738		)	(9.1	)%	36,321		37,897		(1,576		)	(4.2	)%
Other operating expenses of CIP	2,179		2,568		(389		)	(15.1	)%	8,928		3,019		5,909			195.7	%
Restructuring and severance	420		320		100			31.3	%	420		1,496		(1,076		)	(71.9	)%
Depreciation expense	1,196		1,271		(75		)	(5.9	)%	2,454		2,484		(30		)	(1.2	)%
Amortization expense	7,533		7,583		(50		)	(0.7	)%	15,066		15,124		(58		)	(0.4	)%
Total operating expenses	$	106,272	$	110,361	$	(4,089	)	(3.7	)%	$	226,236	$	220,080	$	6,156		2.8	%

Employment Expenses

Employment expenses consist of fixed and variable compensation and related employee benefit costs. Employment expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $60.2 million and $126.3 million, respectively, which represented an increase of $2.0 million, or 3.5%, and $7.3 million, or 6.2%, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to increased sales-based compensation partially offset by lower profit-based compensation. The increase for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to increased profit- and sales-based compensation partially offset by lower stock-based compensation.

Distribution and Other Asset-Based Expenses

Distribution and other asset-based expenses consist primarily of payments to third-party client intermediaries for providing services to investors in sponsored investment products. These payments are primarily based on percentages of sales, assets under management or revenues. These expenses also include the amortization of deferred sales commissions related to up-front commissions on shares sold without a front-end sales charge to shareholders. The deferred sales commissions are amortized on a straight-line basis over the periods in which commissions are generally recovered from distribution fee revenues

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and contingent sales charges received from shareholders of the funds upon redemption of their shares. Distribution and other asset-based expenses decreased by $4.0 million, or 18.7%, and $4.3 million, or 10.5%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior year, primarily due to a lower percentage of sales and assets under management in share classes that have distribution and other asset-based expenses.

Other Operating Expenses

Other operating expenses primarily consist of investment research and technology costs, professional fees, travel and distribution related costs, rent and occupancy expenses, and other business costs. Other operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased by $1.7 million, or 9.1%, and $1.6 million, or 4.2%, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior year, due to decreased travel expenses primarily as a result of the impact of COVID-19 on the current operating environment.

Other Operating Expenses of CIP

Other operating expenses of CIP decreased $0.4 million, or 15.1% to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and increased $5.9 million, or 195.7%, to $8.9 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease during the three-month period was primarily due to costs associated with the issuance of a CLO in the prior-year period. The increase in the six-month period was primarily due to costs associated with the issuance of an additional CLO as well as the refinancing of debt for two CLOs in the current year period.

Restructuring and Severance

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we incurred $0.4 million in restructuring and severance costs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we incurred $0.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively in restructuring and severance costs. The costs primarily related to severance costs in all periods.

Depreciation Expense

Depreciation expense consists primarily of the straight-line depreciation of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements. Depreciation expense remained generally consistent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same periods in the prior year.

Amortization Expense

Amortization expense consists of the amortization of definite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives.

Amortization expense remained generally consistent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same periods in the prior year.

Other Income (Expense)

Other Income (Expense), net by category were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019		2020 vs. 2019			%		2020			2019		2020 vs. 2019			%
Other Income (Expense)
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net	$	7,114		$	2,039	$	5,075		248.9	%	$	(430	)	$	5,472	$	(5,902	)	(107.9	)%
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) of CIP, net	(6,744		)	9,720		(16,464		)	(169.4	)%	(15,413		)	7,799		(23,212		)	(297.6	)%
Other income (expense), net	(805		)	696		(1,501		)	(215.7	)%	(193		)	1,146		(1,339		)	(116.8	)%
Total Other Income (Expense), net	$	(435	)	$	12,455	$	(12,890	)	(103.5	)%	$	(16,036	)	$	14,417	$	(30,453	)	(211.2	)%

Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net

Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net changed during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 by $5.1 million, or 248.9%, and $(5.9) million, or (107.9)%, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior year.

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The realized and unrealized gains and losses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 reflected changes in overall market conditions experienced during the periods.

Realized and unrealized gain (loss) of CIP, net

Realized and unrealized gain (loss) of CIP, net changed $(16.5) million, or (169.4)%, and $(23.2) million, or (297.6)%, respectively, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The change consisted primarily of an increase in net realized and unrealized losses of $81.7 million and $171.9 million for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020, respectively, primarily due to changes in market values of leveraged loans, partially offset by an increase of $65.2 million and $148.7 million in the three- and six-month periods, respectively, in unrealized gains on notes payable.

Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), net decreased $1.5 million, or (215.7)%, and $1.3 million, or (116.8)%, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same periods in the prior year due to losses from equity method investments during the current year periods.

Interest Income (Expense)

Interest Income (Expense), net by category were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,											Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019			2020 vs. 2019			%		2020			2019			2020 vs. 2019			%
Interest Income (Expense)
Interest expense	$	(3,126	)	$	(5,151	)	$	2,025		(39.3	)%	$	(6,325	)	$	(10,316	)	$	3,991		(38.7	)%
Interest and dividend income	242			964			(722		)	(74.9	)%	994			2,154			(1,160		)	(53.9	)%
Interest and dividend income of investments of CIP	28,634			29,368			(734		)	(2.5	)%	57,863			56,770			1,093			1.9	%
Interest expense of CIP	(28,150		)	(31,077		)	2,927			(9.4	)%	(52,636		)	(50,778		)	(1,858		)	3.7	%
Total Interest Income (Expense), net	$	(2,400	)	$	(5,896	)	$	3,496		(59.3	)%	$	(104	)	$	(2,170	)	$	2,066		(95.2	)%

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased $2.0 million, or 39.3%, and $4.0 million, or 38.7%, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decreases were due to a decrease in the average levels of debt outstanding, including a gain on the early extinguishment of debt in the current six-month period, and a lower average interest rate compared to the same periods in the prior year.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest and dividend income is earned on cash equivalents and our marketable securities. Interest and dividend income decreased $0.7 million, or 74.9%, and $1.2 million, or 53.9%, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decreases were primarily due to lower interest rates earned on cash and lower investment balances as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year.

Interest and Dividend Income of Investments of CIP

Interest and dividend income of investments of CIP decreased $0.7 million, or 2.5%, and increased $1.1 million, or 1.9%, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease during the three-month period was primarily due to a decrease in interest rates partially offset by increased investments of CIP. The increase during the six-months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year was due to increased investments of CIP during the current year period.

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Interest Expense of CIP

Interest expense of CIP represents interest expense on the notes payable of CIP. Interest expense of CIP decreased by $2.9 million, or 9.4%, and increased by $1.9 million, or 3.7%, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease during the three months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to $4.5 million of amortization of discounts on notes payable in the prior year partially offset by higher average debt balances of CIP during the current year period. The increase during the six-month period was primarily due to higher average debt balances of CIP during the current year period.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The provision for income taxes reflected U.S. federal, state and local taxes at an estimated effective tax rate of 50.9% and 20.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in the estimated effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to unrealized losses on various Company investments for which a valuation allowance was recorded.  

On March 27, 2020, the United States enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, referred to herein as the CARES Act, which contains several income tax provisions. Some of these tax provisions are expected to be effective retroactively for years ending before the date of enactment. The Company has evaluated the current legislation and, at this time, does not anticipate the CARES Act to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Certain Financial Data

The following table summarizes certain financial data relating to our liquidity and capital resources:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		Change
(in thousands)					2020 vs. 2019			%
Balance Sheet Data
Cash and cash equivalents	$	168,268	$	221,781	$	(53,513	)	(24.1	)%
Investments	61,301		83,206		(21,905		)	(26.3	)%
Debt	234,765		277,839		(43,074		)	(15.5	)%
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	90,687		63,845		26,842			42.0	%
Total equity	666,511		686,257		(19,746		)	(2.9	)%

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
(in thousands)	2020			2019			2020 vs. 2019			%
Cash Flow Data
Provided by (Used In):
Operating Activities	$	(449,712	)	$	(143,668	)	$	(306,044	)	213.0	%
Investing Activities	9,249			(5,638		)	14,887			(264.0	)%
Financing Activities	370,577			145,934			224,643			153.9	%

Overview

At June 30, 2020, we had $168.3 million of cash and cash equivalents and $61.3 million of investments, which included $40.0 million of investment securities, compared to $221.8 million of cash and cash equivalents and $83.2 million of investments, which included $61.0 million of investment securities, at December 31, 2019.

At June 30, 2020, we had $240.7 million of principal outstanding under our term loan maturing June 1, 2024 and no outstanding borrowings under our $100.0 million revolving credit facility. The Company's liquidity and capital resources were not materially impacted by the economic conditions during the first six months of 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Uses of Capital

Our main uses of capital related to operating activities include payments of annual incentive compensation, interest on our indebtedness, income taxes and other operating expenses, which primarily consist of investment research, technology costs, professional fees and distribution and occupancy costs. Annual incentive compensation, which is one of the largest annual operating cash expenditures, is typically paid in the first quarter of the year. In the first quarter of 2020 and 2019, we paid $84.7 million and $76.2 million, respectively, in incentive compensation earned during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

In addition to operating activities, other uses of cash could include: (i) investments in organic growth, including expanding our distribution efforts; (ii) seeding or launching new products, including seeding funds or sponsoring CLO issuances; (iii) principal payments on debt outstanding through scheduled amortization, excess cash flow payment requirements or additional paydowns; (iv) dividend payments to common stockholders; (v) repurchases of our common stock; (vi) investments in our infrastructure; (vii) investments in inorganic growth opportunities as they arise where the purchase price can take the form of upfront payments and/or contingent consideration; (viii) integration costs, including restructuring and severance, related to potential acquisitions, if any; and (ix) purchases of affiliate noncontrolling interests.

Capital and Reserve Requirements

We operate a broker-dealer subsidiary registered with the SEC that is subject to certain rules regarding minimum net capital. The broker-dealer is required to maintain a ratio of "aggregate indebtedness" to "net capital," as defined, which may not exceed 15 to 1 and must also maintain a minimum amount of net capital. Failure to meet these requirements could result in adverse consequences to us, including additional reporting requirements, a lower required ratio of aggregate indebtedness to net capital or interruption of our business. At June 30, 2020, the ratio of aggregate indebtedness to net capital of our broker-dealer was below the maximum allowed, and net capital was significantly greater than the required minimum.

Balance Sheet

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in banks and money market fund investments. Investments consist primarily of investments in our sponsored funds. CIP represent investment products for which we provide investment management services and where we have either a controlling financial interest or we are considered the primary beneficiary of an investment product that is considered a variable interest entity.

Operating Cash Flow

Net cash used in operating activities of $449.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased by $306.0 million from net cash used in operating activities of $143.7 million for the same period in the prior year primarily due to increased net purchases of investments by CIP of $294.0 million in the current year period compared to the prior year period.

Investing Cash Flow

Cash flows from investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures and other investing activities related to our business operations. Net cash provided by investing activities was $9.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $5.6 million in the same period for the prior year. The primary investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were related increases in cash of CIP due to the consolidation of additional investment products. The primary investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 were capital expenditures and other asset purchases of $6.1 million partially offset by the sale of investments in unconsolidated CLOs of $2.0 million.

Financing Cash Flow

Cash flows from financing activities consist primarily of the issuance of common stock, return of capital through repurchases of common shares, dividends, withholding obligations for the net share settlement of employee share transactions, issuance of and repayment of debt by us, our CIP and contributions to noncontrolling interests related to CIP. Net cash provided by financing activities increased by $224.6 million to $370.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $145.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Net cash provided by financing activities increased during the period primarily due to an increase of $249.9 million in net borrowings of CIP during the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the prior year period, partially offset by an increase of $19.2 million on the repayment of debt during the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the prior year period.

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Credit Agreement

The Company's credit agreement, as amended (the "Credit Agreement"), is comprised of (i) $365.0 million of seven-year term debt (the "Term Loan") expiring in June 2024 and (ii) a $100.0 million five-year revolving credit facility (the "Credit Facility") expiring in June 2022. At June 30, 2020, $240.7 million was outstanding under the Term Loan, and there were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 835, Interest, the amounts outstanding under the Term Loan are presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet net of related debt issuance costs, which were $5.9 million as of June 30, 2020.

Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations are summarized in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of June 30, 2020, there have been no material changes outside of the ordinary course of business in our contractual obligations since December 31, 2019.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial statements and the accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require the use of estimates. Actual results will vary from these estimates. A discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates is included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. A complete description of our significant accounting policies is included in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There were no material changes in our critical accounting policies in the three months ended June 30, 2020.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of accounting standards, see Note 2 in our condensed consolidated financial statements. 

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is primarily exposed to market risk associated with unfavorable movements in interest rates and securities prices. Except for the broad effects of COVID-19 on the global economy and major financial markets, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, there were no material changes to the information contained in Part II, Item 7A of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2020, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

31

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.        Legal Proceedings

Legal Matters

The Company is involved from time to time in litigation and arbitration, as well as examinations, inquiries and investigations by various regulatory bodies, including the SEC, involving its compliance with, among other things, securities laws, client investment guidelines, laws governing the activities of broker-dealers and other laws and regulations affecting its products and other activities. Legal and regulatory matters of this nature involve or may involve but are not limited to the Company’s activities as an employer, issuer of securities, investor, investment adviser, broker-dealer or taxpayer. In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company discusses matters with its regulators raised during regulatory examinations or is otherwise subject to their inquiry. These matters could result in censures, fines, penalties or other sanctions.

The Company accrues for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, in the event the Company determines that a loss is not probable, but is reasonably possible, and it becomes possible to develop what the Company believes to be a reasonable range of possible loss, then the Company will include disclosures related to such matter as appropriate and in compliance with ASC 450, Contingencies. The disclosures, accruals or estimates, if any, resulting from the foregoing analysis are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. Based on information currently available, available insurance coverage, indemnities and established reserves, the Company believes that the outcomes of its legal and regulatory proceedings are not likely, either individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or its consolidated financial condition. However, in the event of unexpected subsequent developments and given the inherent unpredictability of these legal and regulatory matters, the Company can provide no assurance that its assessment of any claim, dispute, regulatory examination or investigation or other legal matter will reflect the ultimate outcome, and an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

There have been no significant changes to the Company’s risk factors from those previously reported in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, other than as noted below.

The ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated global economic disruption and uncertainty have affected, and may further affect, our business, results of operations and financial condition.

As previously indicated in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, our results of operations are affected by certain economic factors, including the condition of the securities markets. The global financial markets, including the capital, equity and credit markets, have been challenged in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and its related economic impact. The broader implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations and overall financial performance remain uncertain and, to the extent the financial markets continue to experience challenges, we may experience further declines in our assets under management, which will adversely affect our revenues and earnings, and the fair value of our investments. Although we believe we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to effectively continue operations for the foreseeable future, continued deterioration of worldwide credit and financial markets may limit our ability to raise capital and financing may not be available to us in sufficient amounts, on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to access sufficient capital on acceptable terms, our business could be adversely impacted.

In an effort to protect the health and safety of our employees, we implemented various measures to reduce the impact of COVID-19 across our organization, while also maintaining business continuity. Consistent with government guidelines and mandates, these initiatives included the adoption of social distancing policies, work-at-home arrangements, and suspending employee travel. Currently, nearly all of our employees are working remotely from home in an effort to reduce the spread of the virus and maintain the health and safety of our employees. While our work from home efforts have been successful to date, operating remotely for an extended period could result in operational challenges, strain our technology resources and/or expose us to an increased number of cybersecurity threats. A decline in the health and safety of our employees, including key employees, or material disruptions to their ability to work remotely, including power or Internet outages or electronic systems failures, could negatively affect our ability to operate our business normally and have a material adverse impact on our results

32

of operations or financial condition.

Additionally, many of the key service providers and vendors upon which we rely also have transitioned to remote work environments pursuant to business continuity plans. While, to date, the effects of COVID-19 have not had a material negative impact on the services they provide to us, or, we believe, their business operations or service levels, to the extent that the COVID-19 virus continues to spread and affect the employee base or operations of our service providers, disruptions in or the inability to provide services to us could negatively impact our business operations.

Please see additional discussion in Part I, Item 2. “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Item 2.        Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

As of June 30, 2020, 4,930,045 shares of our common stock had been authorized to be repurchased under the share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors, and 816,585 shares remained available for repurchase. Under the terms of the program, we may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at our discretion through open market repurchases, privately negotiated transactions and/or other mechanisms, depending on price and prevailing market and business conditions. The program, which has no specified term, may be suspended or terminated at any time.

The following table sets forth information regarding our share repurchases in each month during the quarter ended June 30, 2020:    

Period	Total number of shares purchased	Average price paid per share (1)		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (2)	Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (2)
April 1-30, 2020	—	$	—	—	141,482
May 1-31, 2020	38,705	$	89.46	38,705	852,777
June 1-30, 2020	36,192	$	111.49	36,192	816,585
Total	74,897			74,897

(1) Average price paid per share is calculated on a settlement basis and excludes commissions.    

(2)   The share repurchases above were completed pursuant to a program announced in the fourth quarter of 2010 and most recently expanded in May 2020. This repurchase program is not subject to an expiration date.

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Shares of our common stock purchased by participants in our Employee Stock Purchase Plan were delivered to participant accounts via open market purchases at fair value by the third-party administrator under the plan. We do not reserve shares for this plan or discount the purchase price of the shares.

Item 6.        Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1	Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101	The following information formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

33

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: August 6, 2020

VIRTUS INVESTMENT PARTNERS, INC.
(Registrant)
By:	/s/ Michael A. Angerthal
	Michael A. Angerthal
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

34

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION UNDER SECTION 302

I, George R. Aylward, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 6, 2020

/S/     GEORGE R. AYLWARD

George R. Aylward

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION UNDER SECTION 302

I, Michael A. Angerthal, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 6, 2020

/S/     MICHAEL A. ANGERTHAL

Michael A. Angerthal

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS OF CEO AND CFO PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended June 30, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of his knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: August 6, 2020

/S/    GEORGE R. AYLWARD

George R. Aylward

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

/S/    MICHAEL A. ANGERTHAL

Michael A. Angerthal

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and

Principal Accounting Officer)

XML

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jul. 20, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-10994
Entity Registrant Name	VIRTUS INVESTMENT PARTNERS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	26-3962811
Entity Address, Address Line One	One Financial Plaza
Entity Address, City or Town	Hartford
Entity Address, State or Province	CT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	06103
City Area Code	800
Local Phone Number	248-7971
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	VRTS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		7,664,272
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Central Index Key	0000883237
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets:
Accounts receivable, net	$ 72,435	$ 74,132
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	16,068	18,150
Intangible assets, net	295,325	310,391
Goodwill	290,366	290,366
Deferred taxes, net	10,874	15,879
Total assets	3,340,087	3,204,634
Liabilities:
Accrued compensation and benefits	56,228	101,377
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	19,528	23,308
Dividends payable	7,196	8,915
Debt	234,765	277,839
Other liabilities	36,272	40,507
Total liabilities	2,582,889	2,454,532
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)
Temporary Equity:
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	90,687	63,845
Equity attributable to stockholders:
Series D mandatory convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 0 and 1,150,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	0	110,843
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 11,777,732 shares issued and 7,664,272 shares outstanding at June 30, 2020 and 10,736,887 shares issued and 6,809,280 shares outstanding at December 31, 2019, respectively	118	107
Additional paid-in capital	1,303,036	1,199,205
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	(208,222)	(215,216)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(17)	9
Treasury stock, at cost, 4,113,460 and 3,927,607 shares at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	(436,749)	(419,249)
Total equity attributable to stockholders	658,166	675,699
Total equity	666,511	686,257
Total liabilities and equity	3,340,087	3,204,634
Consolidated entity excluding consolidated investment products
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	168,268	221,781
Investments	61,301	83,206
Other assets	38,058	36,849
Consolidated Investment Products
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	77,321	99,691
Investments	2,273,820	2,030,110
Cash pledged or on deposit of CIP	6,464	467
Other assets	29,787	23,612
Liabilities:
Notes payable of CIP	2,156,587	1,834,535
Securities purchased payable and other liabilities of CIP	72,313	168,051
Equity attributable to stockholders:
Noncontrolling interests	$ 8,345	$ 10,558

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Common stock, par value (in $ per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000,000	1,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	11,777,732	10,736,887
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	7,664,272	6,809,280
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	4,113,460	3,927,607
Series D convertible preferred stock
Preferred stock, par value (in $ per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	0	1,150,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	1,150,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	1,150,000

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenues
Revenues	$ 132,894	$ 140,489	$ 277,460	$ 271,207
Operating Expenses
Employment expenses	60,163	58,123	126,293	118,974
Distribution and other asset-based expenses	17,345	21,322	36,754	41,086
Other operating expenses	17,436	19,174	36,321	37,897
Restructuring and severance	420	320	420	1,496
Depreciation expense	1,196	1,271	2,454	2,484
Amortization expense	7,533	7,583	15,066	15,124
Total operating expenses	106,272	110,361	226,236	220,080
Operating Income (Loss)	26,622	30,128	51,224	51,127
Other Income (Expense)
Other income (expense), net	(805)	696	(193)	1,146
Total other income (expense), net	(435)	12,455	(16,036)	14,417
Interest Income (Expense)
Total interest income (expense), net	(2,400)	(5,896)	(104)	(2,170)
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes	23,787	36,687	35,084	63,374
Income tax expense (benefit)	7,578	8,788	17,869	13,007
Net Income (Loss)	16,209	27,899	17,215	50,367
Noncontrolling interests	(4,930)	(973)	(10,221)	(1,695)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Stockholders	11,279	26,926	6,994	48,672
Preferred stockholder dividends	0	(2,084)	0	(4,168)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders	$ 11,279	$ 24,842	$ 6,994	$ 44,504
Earnings (Loss) per share—Basic (in $ per share)	$ 1.46	$ 3.55	$ 0.92	$ 6.35
Earnings (Loss) per Share—Diluted (in $ per share)	$ 1.43	$ 3.26	$ 0.88	$ 5.87
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding—Basic (in shares)	7,720	6,999	7,572	7,010
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding—Diluted (in shares)	7,895	8,252	7,936	8,290
Consolidated Investment Products
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses	$ 2,179	$ 2,568	$ 8,928	$ 3,019
Other Income (Expense)
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net	(6,744)	9,720	(15,413)	7,799
Interest Income (Expense)
Interest expense	(28,150)	(31,077)	(52,636)	(50,778)
Interest and dividend income	28,634	29,368	57,863	56,770
Consolidated entity excluding consolidated investment products
Other Income (Expense)
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net	7,114	2,039	(430)	5,472
Interest Income (Expense)
Interest expense	(3,126)	(5,151)	(6,325)	(10,316)
Interest and dividend income	242	964	994	2,154
Investment management fees
Revenues
Revenues	110,550	114,591	230,838	220,509
Distribution and service fees
Revenues
Revenues	8,889	10,617	18,349	20,680
Administration and shareholder service fees
Revenues
Revenues	13,289	15,054	27,942	29,467
Other income and fees
Revenues
Revenues	$ 166	$ 227	$ 331	$ 551

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income (Loss)	$ 16,209	$ 27,899	$ 17,215	$ 50,367
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0 and $4 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $9 and $1 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively	(1)	(8)	(26)	(2)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1)	(8)	(26)	(2)
Comprehensive income (loss)	16,208	27,891	17,189	50,365
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4,930)	(973)	(10,221)	(1,695)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Stockholders	$ 11,278	$ 26,918	$ 6,968	$ 48,670

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation adjustment, tax	$ 0	$ 4	$ 9	$ 1

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$ 17,215	$ 50,367
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation expense, intangible asset and other amortization	21,557	19,810
Stock-based compensation	10,113	11,384
Amortization of deferred commissions	1,038	1,805
Payments of deferred commissions	(974)	(973)
Equity in earnings of equity method investments	93	(1,209)
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt	(705)	0
Distributions from equity method investments	726	675
Sales (purchases) of investments, net	4,703	13,767
Deferred taxes, net	5,014	252
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net and other assets	(2,032)	(2,394)
Accrued compensation and benefits, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities	(52,788)	(44,325)
Operating activities of consolidated investment products (CIP):
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(449,712)	(143,668)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures and other asset purchases	(475)	(6,111)
Sale of available-for-sale securities	0	2,044
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	9,249	(5,638)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Payment of long term debt	(44,059)	(24,825)
Common stock dividends paid	(11,320)	(8,392)
Preferred stock dividends paid	(2,084)	(4,168)
Repurchases of common shares	(17,500)	(22,499)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	114	643
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of restricted stock units	(5,569)	(6,509)
Net subscriptions received from (redemptions/distributions paid to) noncontrolling interests	(3,951)	6,599
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	370,577	145,934
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(69,886)	(3,372)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	321,939	254,656
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	252,053	251,284
Non-Cash Investing Activities:
Change in accrual for capital expenditures	(21)	(1,813)
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Increase (decrease) to noncontrolling interests due to consolidation (deconsolidation) of CIP, net	17,137	(6,423)
Common stock dividends payable	5,169	3,849
Preferred stock dividends payable	0	2,084
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	115,000	0
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	252,053	251,284
Consolidated entity excluding consolidated investment products
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net	431	(4,634)
Consolidated Investment Products
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net	11,603	(13,222)
Operating activities of consolidated investment products (CIP):
Purchases of investments by CIP	(920,392)	(532,342)
Sales of investments by CIP	442,859	348,771
Net proceeds (purchases) of short term investments by CIP	68	(309)
(Purchases) sales of securities sold short by CIP, net	250	1,193
Change in other assets of CIP	(1,790)	71
Change in liabilities of CIP	2,130	3,140
Amortization of discount on notes payable of CIP	11,169	4,505
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Change in cash and cash equivalents of CIP due to consolidation (deconsolidation), net	9,724	(1,571)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Payments on borrowings by CIP	(326,201)	(195,697)
Borrowings by CIP	$ 781,147	$ 400,782

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Preferred Stock Series D convertible preferred stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock	Total Attributed To Stockholders	Non- controlling Interests
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		6,997,382	1,150,000				3,555,242
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 643,867	$ 106	$ 110,843	$ 1,209,805	$ (310,865)	$ (731)	$ (379,249)	$ 629,909	$ 13,958
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	48,443				48,672			48,672	(229)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(2)					(2)		(2)
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	(802)			290				290	(1,092)
Reclassification from other comprehensive (income) loss	726					726		726
Cash dividends declared, preferred	(4,168)			(4,168)				(4,168)
Cash dividends declared, common	(8,256)			(8,256)				(8,256)
Repurchases of common shares (in shares)		(215,671)					(215,671)
Repurchases of common shares	(22,499)						$ (22,499)	(22,499)
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions (in shares)		163,181
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions	1,014	$ 1		1,013				1,014
Taxes paid on stock-based compensation	(6,098)			(6,098)				(6,098)
Stock-based compensation	11,447			11,447				11,447
Ending Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		6,944,892	1,150,000				3,770,913
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	663,672	$ 107	$ 110,843	1,204,033	(262,193)	(7)	$ (401,748)	651,035	12,637
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	57,481
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Non-controlling Interests [Roll Forward]
Total net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,924
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	1,097
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	60,502
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		6,978,925	1,150,000				3,703,204
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	646,458	$ 107	$ 110,843	1,205,926	(289,119)	1	$ (394,248)	633,510	12,948
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	27,150				26,926			26,926	224
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(8)					(8)		(8)
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	(245)			290				290	(535)
Cash dividends declared, preferred	(2,084)			(2,084)				(2,084)
Cash dividends declared, common	(4,104)			(4,104)				(4,104)
Repurchases of common shares (in shares)		(67,709)					(67,709)
Repurchases of common shares	(7,500)						$ (7,500)	(7,500)
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions (in shares)		33,676
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions	565	$ 0		565				565
Taxes paid on stock-based compensation	(1,294)			(1,294)				(1,294)
Stock-based compensation	4,734			4,734				4,734
Ending Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		6,944,892	1,150,000				3,770,913
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	663,672	$ 107	$ 110,843	1,204,033	(262,193)	(7)	$ (401,748)	651,035	12,637
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	59,003
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Non-controlling Interests [Roll Forward]
Total net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	749
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	750
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	60,502
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		6,809,280	1,150,000				3,927,607
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	686,257	$ 107	$ 110,843	1,199,205	(215,216)	9	$ (419,249)	675,699	10,558
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	5,871				6,994			6,994	(1,123)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(26)					(26)		(26)
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	(1,257)			(167)				(167)	(1,090)
Cash dividends declared, preferred	$ (11,676)			(11,676)				(11,676)
Repurchases of common shares (in shares)	(185,853)	(185,853)					(185,853)
Repurchases of common shares	$ (17,500)						$ (17,500)	(17,500)
Conversion of preferred stock (in shares)		912,806	(1,150,000)
Conversion of preferred stock	0	$ 9	$ (110,843)	110,834				0
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions (in shares)		128,039
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions	114	$ 2		112				114
Taxes paid on stock-based compensation	(5,569)			(5,569)				(5,569)
Stock-based compensation	10,297			10,297				10,297
Ending Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020		7,664,272	0				4,113,460
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	666,511	$ 118	$ 0	1,303,036	(208,222)	(17)	$ (436,749)	658,166	8,345
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	63,845
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Non-controlling Interests [Roll Forward]
Total net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	11,344
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	15,498
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	90,687
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020		7,695,413	0				4,038,563
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	666,466	$ 117	$ 0	1,304,868	(219,501)	(16)	$ (429,249)	656,219	10,247
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	9,901				11,279			11,279	(1,378)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1)					(1)		(1)
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	(691)			(167)				(167)	(524)
Cash dividends declared, common	$ (5,496)			(5,496)				(5,496)
Repurchases of common shares (in shares)	(74,897)	(74,897)					(74,897)
Repurchases of common shares	$ (7,500)						$ (7,500)	(7,500)
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions (in shares)		43,756
Issuance of common shares related to employee stock transactions	13	$ 1		12				13
Taxes paid on stock-based compensation	(2,019)			(2,019)				(2,019)
Stock-based compensation	5,838			5,838				5,838
Ending Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020		7,664,272	0				4,113,460
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	666,511	$ 118	$ 0	$ 1,303,036	$ (208,222)	$ (17)	$ (436,749)	$ 658,166	$ 8,345
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	87,115
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Non-controlling Interests [Roll Forward]
Total net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	6,308
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	(2,736)
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 90,687

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared per common share (in $ per share)	$ 0.55	$ 1.10
Cash dividends declared per preferred share (in $ per share)	$ 1.8125	$ 3.625

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Organization and Business

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Business

Organization and Business

Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. (the "Company," "we," "us," "our" or "Virtus"), a Delaware corporation, operates in the investment management industry through its subsidiaries.

The Company provides investment management and related services to individuals and institutions. The Company’s retail investment management services are provided to individuals through products consisting of U.S. 1940 Act mutual funds and Undertaking for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities ("UCITS" or "offshore funds" and collectively, with U.S. 1940 Act mutual funds, "open-end funds"), exchange traded funds ("ETFs"), closed-end funds (collectively, with open-end funds and ETFs, "funds") and retail separate accounts. Institutional investment management services are offered through separate accounts and pooled or commingled structures to a variety of institutional clients. The Company also provides subadvisory services to other investment advisers and serves as the collateral manager for structured products.

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 ("2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The Company’s significant accounting policies, which have been consistently applied, are summarized in its 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

New Accounting Standards Implemented

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software, including an internal-use software license. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). This standard modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Implemented

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments-Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). This standard clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities under Topic 321, the accounting for equity method investments in Topic 323, and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options in Topic 815. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, with the amendments to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles of Topic 740, Income Taxes, and also improves consistent application by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, with the amendments to be applied on a retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective basis, depending on the specific amendment. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Revenues

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenues

Revenues

The Company's revenues are recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied, which occurs when control of the services is transferred to customers. Investment management fees, distribution and service fees, and administration and shareholder service fees are generally calculated as a percentage of average net assets of the investment portfolios managed. The net asset values from which investment management, distribution and service, and administration and shareholder service fees are calculated are variable in nature and subject to factors outside of the Company's control such as additional investments, withdrawals and market performance. Because of this, these fees are considered constrained until the end of the contractual measurement period (monthly or quarterly), which is when asset values are generally determinable.

Revenue Disaggregated by Source

The following table summarizes revenue by source:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Investment management fees
Open-end funds	$	54,018	$	56,973	$	113,126	$	110,266
Closed-end funds	8,557		10,620		18,736		20,639
Retail separate accounts	22,398		20,664		48,112		38,669
Institutional accounts	24,606		23,656		47,523		45,833
Structured products	417		1,585		1,991		3,232
Other products	554		1,093		1,350		1,870
Total investment management fees	110,550		114,591		230,838		220,509
Distribution and service fees	8,889		10,617		18,349		20,680
Administration and shareholder service fees	13,289		15,054		27,942		29,467
Other income and fees	166		227		331		551
Total revenues	$	132,894	$	140,489	$	277,460	$	271,207

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Intangible Assets, Net

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible Assets, Net

Below is a summary of intangible assets, net:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Investment contracts and other	$	489,570		$	489,570
Accumulated amortization	(237,761		)	(222,695		)
Definite-lived intangible assets, net	251,809			266,875
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	43,516			43,516
Total intangible assets, net	$	295,325		$	310,391

Activity in intangible assets, net was as follows: 

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Intangible assets, net
Balance, beginning of period	$	310,391		$	338,812
Additions	—			1,696
Amortization	(15,066		)	(15,124		)
Balance, end of period	$	295,325		$	325,384

Definite-lived intangible asset amortization for the remainder of fiscal year 2020 and succeeding fiscal years is estimated as follows:

Fiscal Year	Amount (in thousands)
Remainder of 2020	$	15,061
2021	30,116
2022	29,992
2023	29,330
2024	23,689
2025 and thereafter	123,621
	$	251,809

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Investments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Schedule of Investments [Abstract]

Investments

Investments

Investments consist primarily of investments in the Company's sponsored products. The Company's investments, excluding the assets of consolidated investment products ("CIP") discussed in Note 15, at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Investment securities - fair value	$	40,024	$	60,990
Equity method investments (1)	11,461		12,030
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,526		8,724
Other investments	1,290		1,462
Total investments	$	61,301	$	83,206

(1) The Company's equity method investments are valued on a three-month lag based upon the availability of financial information. 

Investment Securities - fair value

Investment securities - fair value consist of investments in the Company's sponsored funds, separately managed accounts and trading debt securities. The composition of the Company’s investment securities - fair value was as follows:

	June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Investment Securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	$	23,735	$	27,341	$	44,588	$	47,654
Equity securities	10,818		12,679		11,250		13,320
Debt securities	7		4		44		16
Total investment securities - fair value	$	34,560	$	40,024	$	55,882	$	60,990

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized realized gains of less than $0.1 million

and realized losses of $0.3 million, respectively, on the sale of its investment securities - fair value. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized a realized gain of $0.2 million and a realized loss of $0.6 million, respectively, on the sale of its investment securities - fair value.

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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding the assets and liabilities of CIP discussed in Note 15, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by fair value hierarchy level were as follows:

June 30, 2020  

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	138,847	$	—	$	—	$	138,847
Investment securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	27,341		—		—		27,341
Equity securities	12,679		—		—		12,679
Debt securities	—		4		—		4
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,526		—		—		8,526
Total assets measured at fair value	$	187,393	$	4	$	—	$	187,397

December 31, 2019  

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	187,255	$	—	$	—	$	187,255
Investment securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	47,654		—		—		47,654
Equity securities	13,320		—		—		13,320
Debt securities	—		16		—		16
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,724		—		—		8,724
Total assets measured at fair value	$	256,953	$	16	$	—	$	256,969

The following is a discussion of the valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets measured at fair value:

Cash equivalents represent investments in money market funds. Cash investments in money market funds are valued using published net asset values and are classified as Level 1.

Sponsored funds represent investments in open-end funds, closed-end funds and ETFs for which the Company acts as the investment manager. The fair value of open-end funds is determined based on their published net asset values and are categorized as Level 1. The fair value of closed-end funds and ETFs is determined based on the official closing price on the exchange on which they are traded and are categorized as Level 1.

Equity securities represent securities traded on active markets and are valued at the official closing price (typically the last sale or bid) on the exchange on which the securities are primarily traded and are categorized as Level 1.

Debt securities represent investments in senior secured bank loans and are based on evaluated quotations received from independent pricing services and are categorized as Level 2.

Nonqualified retirement plan assets represent mutual funds within a nonqualified retirement plan whose fair value is determined based on their published net asset value and are categorized as Level 1.

Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities equal or approximate fair value based on the short-term nature of these instruments.

The Company had no Level 3 investments for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020. The following table is a reconciliation of assets for Level 3 investments for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value for the three and six-months ended June 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2019
Level 3 Investments (1)
Balance at beginning of period	$	4,417		$	4,122
Purchases (sales), net	(4,417		)	(4,185		)
Change in realized and unrealized gain (loss), net	—			63
Balance at end of period	$	—		$	—

(1)

The investments that are categorized as Level 3 were valued utilizing third-party pricing information without adjustment.

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Equity Transactions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Equity Transactions

Equity Transactions

Preferred Stock Conversion

On February 3, 2020, 1,150,000 shares of mandatory convertible preferred stock ("MCPS") converted to 912,870 shares of the Company's common stock. Each share of MCPS converted to 0.7938 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $125.97 per share, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The number of shares of common stock issued upon conversion was determined based on the volume-weighted average price per share of the Company's common stock over the 20 consecutive trading day period beginning on, and including, the 22nd scheduled trading day immediately preceding the mandatory conversion date.

Dividends Declared    

On May 13, 2020, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.67 per common share to be paid on August 14, 2020 to stockholders of record at the close of business on July 31, 2020.

Common Stock Repurchases    

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company repurchased 74,897 and 185,853 common shares, respectively, at a weighted average price of $100.11 and $94.13 per share, respectively, for a total cost, including fees and expenses, of $7.5 million and $17.5 million, respectively, under its share repurchase program. In May 2020, the Company's Board of Directors authorized an additional 750,000 shares to be repurchased under the share repurchase program. As of June 30, 2020, 816,585 shares remained available for repurchase. Under the terms of the program, the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock from time to time at its discretion through open market repurchases, privately negotiated transactions and/or other mechanisms, depending on price and prevailing market and business conditions. The program, which has no specified term, may be suspended or terminated at any time.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

(in thousands)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available-for-Sale		Foreign  Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	—	$	9
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $9	—		(26		)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	—		(26		)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	—	$	(17	)

(in thousands)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available-for-Sale			Foreign  Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(726	)	$	(5	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $1	—			(2		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax of $(254)	726			—
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	726			(2		)
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	—		$	(7	)

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Stock-Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Pursuant to the Company's Omnibus Incentive and Equity Plan (the "Plan"), officers, employees and directors may be granted equity-based awards, including restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance stock units ("PSUs"), stock options and unrestricted shares of common stock. At June 30, 2020, 337,091 shares of common stock remained available for issuance of the 2,820,000 shares that are authorized for issuance under the Plan.

Stock based compensation expense is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense	$	6,492	$	5,755	$	10,113	$	11,384

Restricted Stock Units

Each RSU entitles the holder to one share of common stock when the restriction expires. RSUs may be time-vested or performance-contingent (PSUs) and generally vest in one to three years. Shares that are issued upon vesting are newly issued shares from the Plan and are not issued from treasury stock.

RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020 is summarized as follows: 

	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	528,376		$	115.74
Granted	210,264		$	86.36
Forfeited	(3,263	)	$	121.03
Settled	(178,859	)	$	110.77
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	556,518		$	106.21

For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, a total of 62,899 and 57,411 RSUs, respectively, were withheld by the Company as a result of net share settlements to settle minimum employee tax withholding obligations. The Company paid $5.5 million and $5.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, in minimum employee tax withholding obligations related to RSUs withheld for net share settlements. These net share settlements had the effect of share repurchases by the Company as they reduced the number of shares that would have been otherwise issued as a result of the vesting.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company granted 68,371 PSUs, included in the table above, that contain performance-based metrics in addition to a service condition. Compensation expense for PSUs is generally recognized over a three-year service period based upon the value determined using a combination of (i) the intrinsic value method, for awards that contain a performance metric that represents a "performance condition" in accordance with ASC 718 and (ii) the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model for awards that contain a "market condition" performance metric under ASC 718. Compensation expense for PSU awards that contain a market condition is fixed at the date of grant and will not be adjusted in

future periods based upon the achievement of the market condition. Compensation expense for PSU awards with a performance condition is recorded each period based upon a probability assessment of the expected outcome of the performance metric with a final adjustment upon measurement at the end of the performance period.

As of June 30, 2020, unamortized stock-based compensation expense for unvested RSUs and PSUs was $30.0 million, with a weighted-average remaining amortization period of 1.6 years.

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, excluding dilution for potential common stock issuances. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, including: (i) shares issuable upon the vesting of RSUs and stock option exercises using the treasury stock method and (ii) shares issuable upon the conversion of the MCPS, as determined under the if-converted method. For purposes of calculating diluted EPS, preferred stock dividends have been subtracted from net income (loss) in periods in which utilizing the if-converted method would be anti-dilutive.

The computation of basic and diluted EPS is as follows: 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Net Income (Loss)	$	16,209		$	27,899		$	17,215		$	50,367
Noncontrolling interests	(4,930		)	(973		)	(10,221		)	(1,695		)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Stockholders	11,279			26,926			6,994			48,672
Preferred stock dividends	—			(2,084		)	—			(4,168		)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders	$	11,279		$	24,842		$	6,994		$	44,504
Shares:
Basic: Weighted-average number of shares outstanding	7,720			6,999			7,572			7,010
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments	175			1,253			364			1,280
Diluted: Weighted-average number of shares outstanding	7,895			8,252			7,936			8,290
Earnings (Loss) per Share—Basic	$	1.46		$	3.55		$	0.92		$	6.35
Earnings (Loss) per Share—Diluted	$	1.43		$	3.26		$	0.88		$	5.87

The following table details the securities that have been excluded from the above computation of weighted-average number of shares for diluted EPS, because the effect would be anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020	2019	2020	2019
Restricted stock units and options	35	27	1	24
Total anti-dilutive securities	35	27	1	24

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

In calculating the provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances at each interim period. On a quarterly basis, the estimated annual effective tax rate is adjusted, as appropriate, based upon changes in facts and circumstances, if any, as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year and at each interim period thereafter.

The provision for income taxes reflected U.S. federal, state and local taxes at an estimated effective tax rate of 50.9% and 20.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The comparatively higher estimated effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to unrealized losses on certain Company investments for which a valuation allowance was recorded.

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Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

Credit Agreement

The Company's credit agreement, as amended (the "Credit Agreement"), is comprised of (i) $365.0 million of seven-year term debt (the "Term Loan") expiring in June 2024 and (ii) a $100.0 million five-year revolving credit facility (the "Credit Facility") expiring in June 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company reduced its Term Loan by $45.0 million, including the retirement of $10.0 million of principal for $8.9 million from certain debt holders in accordance with the prepayment provisions in the Credit Agreement. At June 30, 2020, $240.7 million was outstanding under the Term Loan, and the Company had no outstanding borrowings under its Credit Facility. In accordance with ASC 835, Interest, the amounts outstanding under the Company's Term Loan are presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet net of related debt issuance costs, which were $5.9 million as of June 30, 2020.

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

The Company is involved from time to time in litigation and arbitration, as well as examinations, inquiries and investigations by various regulatory bodies, including the SEC, involving its compliance with, among other things, securities laws, client investment guidelines, laws governing the activities of broker-dealers and other laws and regulations affecting its products and other activities. Legal and regulatory matters of this nature involve or may involve but are not limited to the Company’s activities as an employer, issuer of securities, investor, investment adviser, broker-dealer or taxpayer. In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company discusses matters with its regulators raised during regulatory examinations or is otherwise subject to their inquiry. These matters could result in censures, fines, penalties or other sanctions.

The Company accrues for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, in the event the Company determines that a loss is not probable, but is reasonably possible, and it becomes possible to develop what the Company believes to be a reasonable range of possible loss, then the Company will include disclosures related to such matter as appropriate and in compliance with ASC 450, Contingencies. The disclosures, accruals or estimates, if any, resulting from the foregoing analysis are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. Based on information currently available, available insurance coverage, indemnities and established reserves, the Company believes that the outcomes of its legal and regulatory proceedings are not likely, either individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or its consolidated financial condition. However, in the event of unexpected subsequent developments and given the inherent unpredictability of these legal and regulatory matters, the Company can provide no assurance that its assessment of any claim, dispute, regulatory examination or investigation or other legal matter will reflect the ultimate outcome, and an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable noncontrolling interests represent third-party investments in the Company's CIP and minority interests held in a consolidated affiliate. Minority interests held in an affiliate are subject to holder put rights and Company call rights at established multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and, as such, are considered redeemable at other than fair value. The rights are exercisable at pre-established intervals (between four and seven years from their issuance) or upon certain conditions such as retirement. The put and call rights are not legally detachable or separately exercisable and are deemed to be embedded in the related noncontrolling interests. The Company, in purchasing affiliate equity, has the option to settle in cash or shares of the Company's common stock and is entitled to the cash flow associated with any purchased equity. Minority interests in an affiliate are recorded at estimated redemption value within redeemable noncontrolling interests on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and changes in estimated redemption value of these interests are recorded in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within noncontrolling interests.

Redeemable noncontrolling interests for the six months ended June 30, 2020 included the following amounts:

(in thousands)	CIP			Affiliate Noncontrolling Interests			Total
Balances at December 31, 2019	$	5,429		$	58,416		$	63,845
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(780		)	1,885			1,105
Changes in redemption value (1)	—			10,239			10,239
Total net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(780		)	12,124			11,344
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	19,696			(4,198		)	15,498
Balances at June 30, 2020	$	24,345		$	66,342		$	90,687

(1) Relates to noncontrolling interests redeemable at other than fair value.

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Consolidation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Consolidation

Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries and investment products that are consolidated. Voting interest entities ("VOEs") are consolidated when the Company is considered to have a controlling financial interest, which is typically present when the Company owns a majority of the voting interest in an entity or otherwise has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity.

The Company evaluates any variable interest entities ("VIEs") in which the Company has a variable interest for consolidation. A VIE is an entity in which either (i) the equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its own activities without additional financial support or (ii) where as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk do not possess (x) the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; (y) the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity; or (z) proportionate voting and economic interests and where substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor with disproportionately fewer voting rights. If an entity has any of these characteristics, it is considered a VIE and is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

In the normal course of its business, the Company sponsors various investment products, some of which are consolidated by the Company. CIP includes both VOEs, made up primarily of open-end funds in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest, and VIEs, which primarily consist of CLOs of which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary. The consolidation and deconsolidation of these investment products have no impact on net income (loss) attributable to stockholders. The Company’s risk with respect to these investment products is limited to its beneficial interests in these products. The Company has no right to the benefits from, and does not bear the risks associated with, these investment products beyond the Company’s investments in, and fees generated from, these products.

The following table presents the balances of CIP that, after intercompany eliminations, were reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	As of
	June 30, 2020									December 31, 2019
				VIEs									VIEs
(in thousands)	VOEs			CLOs			Other			VOEs			CLOs			Other
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,966		$	72,721		$	1,098		$	2,665		$	97,130		$	363
Investments	45,560			2,194,211			34,049			22,223			1,976,148			31,739
Other assets	5,328			23,894			565			1,563			21,450			599
Notes payable	—			(2,156,587		)	—			—			(1,834,535		)	—
Securities purchased payable and other liabilities	(5,250		)	(66,707		)	(356		)	(2,964		)	(164,887		)	(200		)
Noncontrolling interests	(22,304		)	(8,345		)	(2,041		)	(3,865		)	(10,558		)	(1,564		)
Net interests in CIP	$	33,300		$	59,187		$	33,315		$	19,622		$	84,748		$	30,937

Consolidated CLOs

The majority of the Company's CIP that are VIEs are CLOs. At June 30, 2020, the Company consolidated six CLOs. The financial information of certain CLOs is included in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements on a one-month lag based upon the availability of the fund financial information. A majority-owned consolidated private fund, whose primary purpose is to invest in CLOs for which the Company serves as the collateral manager, is also included.

Investments of CLOs

The CLOs held investments of $2.2 billion at June 30, 2020 consisting of bank loan investments, which comprise the majority of the CLOs' portfolio asset collateral and are senior secured corporate loans across a variety of industries. These bank loan investments mature at various dates between 2020 and 2028 and pay interest at LIBOR plus a spread of up to 8.50%. The CLOs may elect to reinvest any prepayments received on bank loan investments up until the periods between October 2019 and March 2025, depending on the CLO. Generally, subsequent prepayments received after the reinvestment period must be used to pay down the note obligations. At June 30, 2020, the fair value of the senior bank loans was less than the unpaid principal balance by $219.3 million. At June 30, 2020, there were no material collateral assets in default.

Notes Payable of CLOs

The CLOs held notes payable with a total value, at par, of $2.5 billion at March 31, 2020, consisting of senior secured floating rate notes payable with a par value of $2.3 billion and subordinated notes with a par value of $225.9 million. These note obligations bear interest at variable rates based on LIBOR plus a pre-defined spread ranging from 0.8% to 8.7%. The principal amounts outstanding of these note obligations mature on dates ranging from October 2027 to January 2033.

The Company’s beneficial interests and maximum exposure to loss related to these consolidated CLOs is limited to (i) ownership in the subordinated notes and (ii) accrued management fees. The secured notes of the consolidated CLOs have contractual recourse only to the related assets of the CLO and are classified as financial liabilities. Although these beneficial interests are eliminated upon consolidation, the application of the measurement alternative prescribed by ASU 2014-13, Consolidation (Topic 810) ("ASU 2014-13") results in the net assets of the consolidated CLOs shown above to be equivalent to the beneficial interests retained by the Company at June 30, 2020, as shown in the table below:

(in thousands)
Subordinated notes	$	57,524
Accrued investment management fees	1,663
Total beneficial interests	$	59,187

The following table represents income and expenses of the consolidated CLOs included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the period indicated:

(in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Income:
Realized and unrealized gain (loss), net	$	(11,516	)
Interest income	56,942
Total income	45,426
Expenses:
Other operating expenses	8,676
Interest expense	52,636
Total expense	61,312
Noncontrolling interests	1,123
Net Income (loss) attributable to CIP	$	(14,763	)

As summarized in the table below, the application of the measurement alternative as prescribed by ASU 2014-13 results in the consolidated net income summarized above to be equivalent to the Company’s own economic interests in the consolidated CLOs, which are eliminated upon consolidation:

(in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Distributions received and unrealized gains (losses) on the subordinated notes held by the Company	$	(19,376	)
Investment management fees	4,613
Total economic interests	$	(14,763	)

Fair Value Measurements of CIP

The assets and liabilities of CIP measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by fair value hierarchy level were as follows:

As of June 30, 2020

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	72,721	$	—	$	—	$	72,721
Debt investments	16,040		2,220,486		11,552		2,248,078
Equity investments	24,202		1,220		320		25,742
Derivatives	295		511		—		806
Total assets measured at fair value	$	113,258	$	2,222,217	$	11,872	$	2,347,347
Liabilities
Notes payable	$	—	$	2,156,587	$	—	$	2,156,587
Derivatives	495		311		—		806
Short sales	421		—		—		421
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	916	$	2,156,898	$	—	$	2,157,814

As of December 31, 2019

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	97,130	$	—	$	—	$	97,130
Debt investments	218		1,973,427		39,389		2,013,034
Equity investments	15,872		171		1,033		17,076
Total assets measured at fair value	$	113,220	$	1,973,598	$	40,422	$	2,127,240
Liabilities
Notes payable	$	—	$	1,834,535	$	—	$	1,834,535
Short sales	430		—		—		430
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	430	$	1,834,535	$	—	$	1,834,965

The following is a discussion of the valuation methodologies used for the assets and liabilities of the Company’s CIP measured at fair value:

Cash equivalents represent investments in money market funds. Cash investments in money market funds are valued using published net asset values and are classified as Level 1.

Debt and equity investments represent the underlying debt, equity and other securities held in CIP. Equity investments are valued at the official closing price on the exchange on which the securities are traded and are generally categorized within Level 1. Level 2 investments represent most debt securities, including bank loans and certain equity securities (including non-U.S. securities), for which closing prices are not readily available or are deemed to not reflect readily available market prices,

and are valued using an independent pricing service. Debt investments are valued based on quotations received from independent pricing services or from dealers who make markets in such securities. Bank loan investments, which are included as debt investments, are generally priced at the average mid-point of bid and ask quotations obtained from a third-party pricing service. Fair value may also be based upon valuations obtained from independent third-party brokers or dealers utilizing matrix pricing models that consider information regarding securities with similar characteristics. In certain instances, fair value has been determined utilizing discounted cash flow analyses or single broker non-binding quotes. Depending on the nature of the inputs, these assets are classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value measurement hierarchy. Level 3 investments include debt and equity securities that are not widely traded, are illiquid or are priced by dealers based on pricing models used by market makers in the security.

Derivative assets and liabilities represent futures contracts, swaps contracts, option contracts and forward contracts held in CIP. Derivative instruments in an asset position are classified as other assets of CIP in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivative instruments in a liability position are classified as liabilities of CIP within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in fair value of such derivatives is recorded in realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments of CIP, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Depending on the nature of the inputs, these derivative assets and liabilities are classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value measurement hierarchy. In connection with entering into these derivative contracts, these CIP may be required to pledge an amount of cash equal to the appropriate “initial margin” requirements. The cash pledged or on deposit is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of the Company as Cash pledged or on deposit of CIP. The fair value of such derivatives at June 30, 2020 was immaterial.

Notes payable represent notes issued by CIP CLOs and are measured using the measurement alternative in ASU 2014-13. Accordingly, the fair value of CLO liabilities was measured as the fair value of CLO assets less the sum of (i) the fair value of the beneficial interests held by the Company, and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services. The fair value of the beneficial interests held by the Company is based on third-party pricing information without adjustment.

Short sales are transactions in which a security is sold that is not owned or is owned but there is no intention to deliver, in anticipation that the price of the security will decline. Short sales are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets within other liabilities of CIP and are classified as Level 1 based on the underlying equity security.

The securities purchase payable at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 approximated fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments.

The following table is a reconciliation of assets of CIP for Level 3 investments for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Level 3 Investments of CIP (1)
Balance at beginning of period	$	40,422		$	6,848
Realized gains (losses), net	4			(114		)
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net	(920		)	563
Purchases	56			2,157
Amortization	6			—
Sales	(1,195		)	(2,457		)
Transfers to Level 2	(38,607		)	(21,891		)
Transfers from Level 2	12,106			40,032
Balance at end of period	$	11,872		$	25,138

(1) The investments that are categorized as Level 3 were valued utilizing third-party pricing information without adjustment. Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 were due to trading activities at period end.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

The Company serves as the collateral manager for other collateralized loan and collateralized bond obligations (collectively, "CDOs") that are not consolidated. The assets and liabilities of these CDOs reside in bankruptcy remote, special

purpose entities in which the Company has no ownership of, nor holds any notes issued by, the CDOs, and provides neither recourse nor guarantees. The Company has determined that the investment management fees it receives for serving as collateral manager for these CDOs did not represent a variable interest since (i) the fees the Company earns are compensation for services provided and are commensurate with the level of effort required to provide the investment management services, (ii) the Company does not hold other interests in the CDOs that individually, or in the aggregate, would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the CDOs' expected losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the CDOs' expected residual return, and (iii) the investment management arrangement only includes terms, conditions and amounts that are customarily present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm's length.

The Company has interests in certain other entities that are VIEs that the Company does not consolidate as it is not the primary beneficiary of those entities. The Company is not the primary beneficiary as its interest in these entities does not provide the Company with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities' economic performance.

At June 30, 2020, the carrying value and maximum risk of loss related to the Company's interest in these VIEs was $14.6 million.

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Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

On July 4, 2020, two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into an agreement with Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC and Allianz Global Investors Distributors LLC (collectively, "AllianzGI") allowing the Company to be the investment adviser, distributor and/or administrator of certain AllianzGI's open-end, closed-end and retail separate account assets. The agreement is subject to the approval of the AllianceGI U.S. Funds Board and fund shareholders and is expected to close near year-end 2020.

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 ("2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The Company’s significant accounting policies, which have been consistently applied, are summarized in its 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

New Accounting Standards Implemented and Not Yet Implemented

New Accounting Standards Implemented

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software, including an internal-use software license. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). This standard modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Implemented

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments-Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). This standard clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities under Topic 321, the accounting for equity method investments in Topic 323, and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options in Topic 815. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, with the amendments to be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles of Topic 740, Income Taxes, and also improves consistent application by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, with the amendments to be applied on a retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective basis, depending on the specific amendment. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

The following is a discussion of the valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets measured at fair value:

Cash equivalents represent investments in money market funds. Cash investments in money market funds are valued using published net asset values and are classified as Level 1.

Sponsored funds represent investments in open-end funds, closed-end funds and ETFs for which the Company acts as the investment manager. The fair value of open-end funds is determined based on their published net asset values and are categorized as Level 1. The fair value of closed-end funds and ETFs is determined based on the official closing price on the exchange on which they are traded and are categorized as Level 1.

Equity securities represent securities traded on active markets and are valued at the official closing price (typically the last sale or bid) on the exchange on which the securities are primarily traded and are categorized as Level 1.

Debt securities represent investments in senior secured bank loans and are based on evaluated quotations received from independent pricing services and are categorized as Level 2.

Nonqualified retirement plan assets represent mutual funds within a nonqualified retirement plan whose fair value is determined based on their published net asset value and are categorized as Level 1.

Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities equal or approximate fair value based on the short-term nature of these instruments.

Cash equivalents represent investments in money market funds. Cash investments in money market funds are valued using published net asset values and are classified as Level 1.

Debt and equity investments represent the underlying debt, equity and other securities held in CIP. Equity investments are valued at the official closing price on the exchange on which the securities are traded and are generally categorized within Level 1. Level 2 investments represent most debt securities, including bank loans and certain equity securities (including non-U.S. securities), for which closing prices are not readily available or are deemed to not reflect readily available market prices,

and are valued using an independent pricing service. Debt investments are valued based on quotations received from independent pricing services or from dealers who make markets in such securities. Bank loan investments, which are included as debt investments, are generally priced at the average mid-point of bid and ask quotations obtained from a third-party pricing service. Fair value may also be based upon valuations obtained from independent third-party brokers or dealers utilizing matrix pricing models that consider information regarding securities with similar characteristics. In certain instances, fair value has been determined utilizing discounted cash flow analyses or single broker non-binding quotes. Depending on the nature of the inputs, these assets are classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value measurement hierarchy. Level 3 investments include debt and equity securities that are not widely traded, are illiquid or are priced by dealers based on pricing models used by market makers in the security.

Derivative assets and liabilities represent futures contracts, swaps contracts, option contracts and forward contracts held in CIP. Derivative instruments in an asset position are classified as other assets of CIP in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivative instruments in a liability position are classified as liabilities of CIP within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in fair value of such derivatives is recorded in realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments of CIP, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Depending on the nature of the inputs, these derivative assets and liabilities are classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value measurement hierarchy. In connection with entering into these derivative contracts, these CIP may be required to pledge an amount of cash equal to the appropriate “initial margin” requirements. The cash pledged or on deposit is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of the Company as Cash pledged or on deposit of CIP. The fair value of such derivatives at June 30, 2020 was immaterial.

Notes payable represent notes issued by CIP CLOs and are measured using the measurement alternative in ASU 2014-13. Accordingly, the fair value of CLO liabilities was measured as the fair value of CLO assets less the sum of (i) the fair value of the beneficial interests held by the Company, and (ii) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services. The fair value of the beneficial interests held by the Company is based on third-party pricing information without adjustment.

Short sales are transactions in which a security is sold that is not owned or is owned but there is no intention to deliver, in anticipation that the price of the security will decline. Short sales are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets within other liabilities of CIP and are classified as Level 1 based on the underlying equity security.

Consolidation and Nonconsolidated VIEs

Nonconsolidated VIEs

The Company serves as the collateral manager for other collateralized loan and collateralized bond obligations (collectively, "CDOs") that are not consolidated. The assets and liabilities of these CDOs reside in bankruptcy remote, special

purpose entities in which the Company has no ownership of, nor holds any notes issued by, the CDOs, and provides neither recourse nor guarantees. The Company has determined that the investment management fees it receives for serving as collateral manager for these CDOs did not represent a variable interest since (i) the fees the Company earns are compensation for services provided and are commensurate with the level of effort required to provide the investment management services, (ii) the Company does not hold other interests in the CDOs that individually, or in the aggregate, would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the CDOs' expected losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the CDOs' expected residual return, and (iii) the investment management arrangement only includes terms, conditions and amounts that are customarily present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm's length.

The Company has interests in certain other entities that are VIEs that the Company does not consolidate as it is not the primary beneficiary of those entities. The Company is not the primary beneficiary as its interest in these entities does not provide the Company with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities' economic performance.

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Revenues (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue by source:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Investment management fees
Open-end funds	$	54,018	$	56,973	$	113,126	$	110,266
Closed-end funds	8,557		10,620		18,736		20,639
Retail separate accounts	22,398		20,664		48,112		38,669
Institutional accounts	24,606		23,656		47,523		45,833
Structured products	417		1,585		1,991		3,232
Other products	554		1,093		1,350		1,870
Total investment management fees	110,550		114,591		230,838		220,509
Distribution and service fees	8,889		10,617		18,349		20,680
Administration and shareholder service fees	13,289		15,054		27,942		29,467
Other income and fees	166		227		331		551
Total revenues	$	132,894	$	140,489	$	277,460	$	271,207

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Intangible Assets, Net (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Intangible Assets, Net

Below is a summary of intangible assets, net:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Investment contracts and other	$	489,570		$	489,570
Accumulated amortization	(237,761		)	(222,695		)
Definite-lived intangible assets, net	251,809			266,875
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	43,516			43,516
Total intangible assets, net	$	295,325		$	310,391

Schedule of Activity in Intangible Assets, Net

Activity in intangible assets, net was as follows: 

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Intangible assets, net
Balance, beginning of period	$	310,391		$	338,812
Additions	—			1,696
Amortization	(15,066		)	(15,124		)
Balance, end of period	$	295,325		$	325,384

Schedule of Estimated Amortization Expense of Intangible Assets Succeeding Years

Definite-lived intangible asset amortization for the remainder of fiscal year 2020 and succeeding fiscal years is estimated as follows:

Fiscal Year	Amount (in thousands)
Remainder of 2020	$	15,061
2021	30,116
2022	29,992
2023	29,330
2024	23,689
2025 and thereafter	123,621
	$	251,809

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Investments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Schedule of Investments [Abstract]

Summary of Investments

The Company's investments, excluding the assets of consolidated investment products ("CIP") discussed in Note 15, at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Investment securities - fair value	$	40,024	$	60,990
Equity method investments (1)	11,461		12,030
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,526		8,724
Other investments	1,290		1,462
Total investments	$	61,301	$	83,206

(1)

The Company's equity method investments are valued on a three-month lag based upon the availability of financial information. 

Schedule of Marketable Securities

The composition of the Company’s investment securities - fair value was as follows:

	June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Investment Securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	$	23,735	$	27,341	$	44,588	$	47,654
Equity securities	10,818		12,679		11,250		13,320
Debt securities	7		4		44		16
Total investment securities - fair value	$	34,560	$	40,024	$	55,882	$	60,990

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding the assets and liabilities of CIP discussed in Note 15, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by fair value hierarchy level were as follows:

June 30, 2020  

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	138,847	$	—	$	—	$	138,847
Investment securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	27,341		—		—		27,341
Equity securities	12,679		—		—		12,679
Debt securities	—		4		—		4
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,526		—		—		8,526
Total assets measured at fair value	$	187,393	$	4	$	—	$	187,397

December 31, 2019  

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	187,255	$	—	$	—	$	187,255
Investment securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	47,654		—		—		47,654
Equity securities	13,320		—		—		13,320
Debt securities	—		16		—		16
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,724		—		—		8,724
Total assets measured at fair value	$	256,953	$	16	$	—	$	256,969

The assets and liabilities of CIP measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by fair value hierarchy level were as follows:

As of June 30, 2020

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	72,721	$	—	$	—	$	72,721
Debt investments	16,040		2,220,486		11,552		2,248,078
Equity investments	24,202		1,220		320		25,742
Derivatives	295		511		—		806
Total assets measured at fair value	$	113,258	$	2,222,217	$	11,872	$	2,347,347
Liabilities
Notes payable	$	—	$	2,156,587	$	—	$	2,156,587
Derivatives	495		311		—		806
Short sales	421		—		—		421
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	916	$	2,156,898	$	—	$	2,157,814

As of December 31, 2019

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	97,130	$	—	$	—	$	97,130
Debt investments	218		1,973,427		39,389		2,013,034
Equity investments	15,872		171		1,033		17,076
Total assets measured at fair value	$	113,220	$	1,973,598	$	40,422	$	2,127,240
Liabilities
Notes payable	$	—	$	1,834,535	$	—	$	1,834,535
Short sales	430		—		—		430
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	430	$	1,834,535	$	—	$	1,834,965

Reconciliation of Level Three Investments

The following table is a reconciliation of assets for Level 3 investments for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value for the three and six-months ended June 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2019
Level 3 Investments (1)
Balance at beginning of period	$	4,417		$	4,122
Purchases (sales), net	(4,417		)	(4,185		)
Change in realized and unrealized gain (loss), net	—			63
Balance at end of period	$	—		$	—

(1)

The investments that are categorized as Level 3 were valued utilizing third-party pricing information without adjustment.

The following table is a reconciliation of assets of CIP for Level 3 investments for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Level 3 Investments of CIP (1)
Balance at beginning of period	$	40,422		$	6,848
Realized gains (losses), net	4			(114		)
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net	(920		)	563
Purchases	56			2,157
Amortization	6			—
Sales	(1,195		)	(2,457		)
Transfers to Level 2	(38,607		)	(21,891		)
Transfers from Level 2	12,106			40,032
Balance at end of period	$	11,872		$	25,138

(1)

The investments that are categorized as Level 3 were valued utilizing third-party pricing information without adjustment. Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 were due to trading activities at period end.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

(in thousands)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available-for-Sale		Foreign  Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	—	$	9
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $9	—		(26		)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	—		(26		)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	—	$	(17	)

(in thousands)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available-for-Sale			Foreign  Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(726	)	$	(5	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $1	—			(2		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax of $(254)	726			—
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	726			(2		)
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	—		$	(7	)

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Based Compensation Expense

Stock based compensation expense is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense	$	6,492	$	5,755	$	10,113	$	11,384

Summary of Restricted Stock Units Activity

RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020 is summarized as follows: 

	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	528,376		$	115.74
Granted	210,264		$	86.36
Forfeited	(3,263	)	$	121.03
Settled	(178,859	)	$	110.77
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	556,518		$	106.21

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

The computation of basic and diluted EPS is as follows: 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Net Income (Loss)	$	16,209		$	27,899		$	17,215		$	50,367
Noncontrolling interests	(4,930		)	(973		)	(10,221		)	(1,695		)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Stockholders	11,279			26,926			6,994			48,672
Preferred stock dividends	—			(2,084		)	—			(4,168		)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders	$	11,279		$	24,842		$	6,994		$	44,504
Shares:
Basic: Weighted-average number of shares outstanding	7,720			6,999			7,572			7,010
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments	175			1,253			364			1,280
Diluted: Weighted-average number of shares outstanding	7,895			8,252			7,936			8,290
Earnings (Loss) per Share—Basic	$	1.46		$	3.55		$	0.92		$	6.35
Earnings (Loss) per Share—Diluted	$	1.43		$	3.26		$	0.88		$	5.87

Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted EPS

The following table details the securities that have been excluded from the above computation of weighted-average number of shares for diluted EPS, because the effect would be anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020	2019	2020	2019
Restricted stock units and options	35	27	1	24
Total anti-dilutive securities	35	27	1	24

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

Redeemable noncontrolling interests for the six months ended June 30, 2020 included the following amounts:

(in thousands)	CIP			Affiliate Noncontrolling Interests			Total
Balances at December 31, 2019	$	5,429		$	58,416		$	63,845
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(780		)	1,885			1,105
Changes in redemption value (1)	—			10,239			10,239
Total net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(780		)	12,124			11,344
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	19,696			(4,198		)	15,498
Balances at June 30, 2020	$	24,345		$	66,342		$	90,687

(1) Relates to noncontrolling interests redeemable at other than fair value.

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Consolidation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

The following table presents the balances of CIP that, after intercompany eliminations, were reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	As of
	June 30, 2020									December 31, 2019
				VIEs									VIEs
(in thousands)	VOEs			CLOs			Other			VOEs			CLOs			Other
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,966		$	72,721		$	1,098		$	2,665		$	97,130		$	363
Investments	45,560			2,194,211			34,049			22,223			1,976,148			31,739
Other assets	5,328			23,894			565			1,563			21,450			599
Notes payable	—			(2,156,587		)	—			—			(1,834,535		)	—
Securities purchased payable and other liabilities	(5,250		)	(66,707		)	(356		)	(2,964		)	(164,887		)	(200		)
Noncontrolling interests	(22,304		)	(8,345		)	(2,041		)	(3,865		)	(10,558		)	(1,564		)
Net interests in CIP	$	33,300		$	59,187		$	33,315		$	19,622		$	84,748		$	30,937

Schedule of Consolidated Collateralized Loan Obligations

Although these beneficial interests are eliminated upon consolidation, the application of the measurement alternative prescribed by ASU 2014-13, Consolidation (Topic 810) ("ASU 2014-13") results in the net assets of the consolidated CLOs shown above to be equivalent to the beneficial interests retained by the Company at June 30, 2020, as shown in the table below:

(in thousands)
Subordinated notes	$	57,524
Accrued investment management fees	1,663
Total beneficial interests	$	59,187

The following table represents income and expenses of the consolidated CLOs included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the period indicated:

(in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Income:
Realized and unrealized gain (loss), net	$	(11,516	)
Interest income	56,942
Total income	45,426
Expenses:
Other operating expenses	8,676
Interest expense	52,636
Total expense	61,312
Noncontrolling interests	1,123
Net Income (loss) attributable to CIP	$	(14,763	)

As summarized in the table below, the application of the measurement alternative as prescribed by ASU 2014-13 results in the consolidated net income summarized above to be equivalent to the Company’s own economic interests in the consolidated CLOs, which are eliminated upon consolidation:

(in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Distributions received and unrealized gains (losses) on the subordinated notes held by the Company	$	(19,376	)
Investment management fees	4,613
Total economic interests	$	(14,763	)

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding the assets and liabilities of CIP discussed in Note 15, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by fair value hierarchy level were as follows:

June 30, 2020  

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	138,847	$	—	$	—	$	138,847
Investment securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	27,341		—		—		27,341
Equity securities	12,679		—		—		12,679
Debt securities	—		4		—		4
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,526		—		—		8,526
Total assets measured at fair value	$	187,393	$	4	$	—	$	187,397

December 31, 2019  

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	187,255	$	—	$	—	$	187,255
Investment securities - fair value
Sponsored funds	47,654		—		—		47,654
Equity securities	13,320		—		—		13,320
Debt securities	—		16		—		16
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,724		—		—		8,724
Total assets measured at fair value	$	256,953	$	16	$	—	$	256,969

The assets and liabilities of CIP measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by fair value hierarchy level were as follows:

As of June 30, 2020

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	72,721	$	—	$	—	$	72,721
Debt investments	16,040		2,220,486		11,552		2,248,078
Equity investments	24,202		1,220		320		25,742
Derivatives	295		511		—		806
Total assets measured at fair value	$	113,258	$	2,222,217	$	11,872	$	2,347,347
Liabilities
Notes payable	$	—	$	2,156,587	$	—	$	2,156,587
Derivatives	495		311		—		806
Short sales	421		—		—		421
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	916	$	2,156,898	$	—	$	2,157,814

As of December 31, 2019

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	97,130	$	—	$	—	$	97,130
Debt investments	218		1,973,427		39,389		2,013,034
Equity investments	15,872		171		1,033		17,076
Total assets measured at fair value	$	113,220	$	1,973,598	$	40,422	$	2,127,240
Liabilities
Notes payable	$	—	$	1,834,535	$	—	$	1,834,535
Short sales	430		—		—		430
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	430	$	1,834,535	$	—	$	1,834,965

Reconciliation of Assets of Consolidated Sponsored Investment Products For Level 3 Investments, Unobservable Inputs Used to Determine Fair Value

The following table is a reconciliation of assets for Level 3 investments for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value for the three and six-months ended June 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2019
Level 3 Investments (1)
Balance at beginning of period	$	4,417		$	4,122
Purchases (sales), net	(4,417		)	(4,185		)
Change in realized and unrealized gain (loss), net	—			63
Balance at end of period	$	—		$	—

(1)

The investments that are categorized as Level 3 were valued utilizing third-party pricing information without adjustment.

The following table is a reconciliation of assets of CIP for Level 3 investments for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Level 3 Investments of CIP (1)
Balance at beginning of period	$	40,422		$	6,848
Realized gains (losses), net	4			(114		)
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net	(920		)	563
Purchases	56			2,157
Amortization	6			—
Sales	(1,195		)	(2,457		)
Transfers to Level 2	(38,607		)	(21,891		)
Transfers from Level 2	12,106			40,032
Balance at end of period	$	11,872		$	25,138

(1)

The investments that are categorized as Level 3 were valued utilizing third-party pricing information without adjustment. Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 were due to trading activities at period end.

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Revenues - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 132,894	$ 140,489	$ 277,460	$ 271,207
Investment management fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	110,550	114,591	230,838	220,509
Open-end funds
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	54,018	56,973	113,126	110,266
Closed-end funds
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	8,557	10,620	18,736	20,639
Retail separate accounts
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	22,398	20,664	48,112	38,669
Institutional accounts
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	24,606	23,656	47,523	45,833
Structured products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	417	1,585	1,991	3,232
Other products
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	554	1,093	1,350	1,870
Distribution and service fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	8,889	10,617	18,349	20,680
Administration and shareholder service fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	13,289	15,054	27,942	29,467
Other income and fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 166	$ 227	$ 331	$ 551

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Intangible Assets, Net - Summary of Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Investment contracts and other	$ 489,570	$ 489,570
Accumulated amortization	(237,761)	(222,695)
Definite-lived intangible assets, net	251,809	266,875
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	43,516	43,516
Total intangible assets, net	$ 295,325	$ 310,391	$ 325,384	$ 338,812

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Intangible Assets, Net - Schedule of Activity in Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Intangible assets, net
Balance, beginning of period	$ 310,391	$ 338,812
Additions	0	1,696
Amortization	(15,066)	(15,124)
Balance, end of period	$ 295,325	$ 325,384

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Intangible Assets, Net - Schedule of Estimated Amortization Expense of Intangible Assets Succeeding Years (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2020	$ 15,061
2021	30,116
2022	29,992
2023	29,330
2024	23,689
2025 and thereafter	123,621
Definite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 251,809	$ 266,875

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Investments - Summary of Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Investment securities - fair value	$ 40,024	$ 60,990
Parent
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Investment securities - fair value	40,024	60,990
Equity method investments	11,461	12,030
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,526	8,724
Other investments	1,290	1,462
Total investments	$ 61,301	$ 83,206

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Investments - Schedule of Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Investment Securities - fair value
Cost	$ 34,560	$ 55,882
Fair Value	40,024	60,990
Sponsored funds
Investment Securities - fair value
Cost	23,735	44,588
Fair Value	27,341	47,654
Equity securities
Investment Securities - fair value
Cost	10,818	11,250
Fair Value	12,679	13,320
Debt securities
Investment Securities - fair value
Cost	7	44
Fair Value	$ 4	$ 16

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Investments - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Schedule of Investments [Abstract]
Realized gain (loss) on marketable securities	$ 0.1	$ 0.2	$ (0.3)	$ (0.6)

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Fair Value Measurements - Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets
Cash equivalents	$ 138,847	$ 187,255
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	40,024	60,990
Total assets measured at fair value	187,397	256,969
Sponsored funds
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	27,341	47,654
Equity securities
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	12,679	13,320
Debt securities
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	4	16
Nonqualified retirement plan assets
Investment securities - fair value
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,526	8,724
Level 1
Assets
Cash equivalents	138,847	187,255
Investment securities - fair value
Total assets measured at fair value	187,393	256,953
Level 1 | Sponsored funds
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	27,341	47,654
Level 1 | Equity securities
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	12,679	13,320
Level 1 | Debt securities
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	0	0
Level 1 | Nonqualified retirement plan assets
Investment securities - fair value
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	8,526	8,724
Level 2
Assets
Cash equivalents	0	0
Investment securities - fair value
Total assets measured at fair value	4	16
Level 2 | Sponsored funds
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	0	0
Level 2 | Equity securities
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	0	0
Level 2 | Debt securities
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	4	16
Level 2 | Nonqualified retirement plan assets
Investment securities - fair value
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	0	0
Level 3
Assets
Cash equivalents	0	0
Investment securities - fair value
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Level 3 | Sponsored funds
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	0	0
Level 3 | Equity securities
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	0	0
Level 3 | Debt securities
Investment securities - fair value
Fair Value	0	0
Level 3 | Nonqualified retirement plan assets
Investment securities - fair value
Nonqualified retirement plan assets	$ 0	$ 0

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Fair Value Measurements - Reconciliation of Level Three Investments (Details) - Level 3 - Investments - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 4,417	$ 4,122
Purchases (sales), net	(4,417)	(4,185)
Change in realized and unrealized gain (loss), net	0	63
Balance at end of period	$ 0	$ 0

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Equity Transactions - Additional Information (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	May 13, 2020 $ / shares	Feb. 03, 2020 day $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares	May 31, 2020 shares
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock conversion, threshold consecutive trading days | day		20
Common stock cash dividends declared per share (in $ per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.67		$ 0.67	$ 0.55	$ 1.34	$ 1.10
Repurchases of common shares (in shares)			74,897		185,853
Weighted average price (in $ per share) | $ / shares			$ 100.11		$ 94.13
Total cost of shares repurchased | $			$ 7,500	$ 7,500	$ 17,500	$ 22,499
Additional shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)							750,000
Shares available for repurchase (in shares)			816,585		816,585
Convertible preferred stock
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares issuable upon conversion (in shares)		1,150,000
Conversion ratio		0.7938
Conversion price of stock (in $ per share) | $ / shares		$ 125.97
Common stock
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Shares issued during period, conversion of convertible preferred stock (in shares)		912,870

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 666,466	$ 646,458	$ 686,257	$ 643,867
Reclassification from other comprehensive (income) loss				726
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1)	(8)	(26)	(2)
Ending Balance	666,511	663,672	666,511	663,672
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available-for-Sale
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance			0	(726)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $9			0	0
Reclassification from other comprehensive (income) loss				726
Other comprehensive income (loss)			0	726
Ending Balance	0	0	0	0
Reclassification from AOCI, tax				(254)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance			9	(5)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $9			(26)	(2)
Reclassification from other comprehensive (income) loss				0
Other comprehensive income (loss)			(26)	(2)
Ending Balance	$ (17)	$ (7)	(17)	(7)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before reclassifications, tax			$ 9	$ 1

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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of common stock available for issuance (in shares)	337,091
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance (in shares)	2,820,000
RSUs and PSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unamortized stock-based compensation expense	$ 30.0
Weighted-average remaining amortization period	1 year 7 months 6 days
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share settlement under RSUs (in shares)	62,899	57,411
Cash used for employee withholding tax payments	$ 5.5	$ 5.8
Performance Share Units (PSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Awards granted (in shares)	68,371
Period for recognition of compensation expense	3 years
Minimum | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Term	1 year
Maximum | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Term	3 years

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 6,492	$ 5,755	$ 10,113	$ 11,384

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Units Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Number of shares, Beginning Balance (in shares) | shares	528,376
Number of shares, Granted (in shares) | shares	210,264
Number of shares, Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(3,263)
Number of shares, Settled (in shares) | shares	(178,859)
Number of shares, Ending Balance (in shares) | shares	556,518
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Beginning Balance (in $ per share) | $ / shares	$ 115.74
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Granted (in $ per share) | $ / shares	86.36
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Forfeited (in $ per share) | $ / shares	121.03
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Settled (in $ per share) | $ / shares	110.77
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Ending Balance (in $ per share) | $ / shares	$ 106.21

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Income (Loss)	$ 16,209	$ 27,899	$ 17,215	$ 50,367
Noncontrolling interests	(4,930)	(973)	(10,221)	(1,695)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Stockholders	11,279	26,926	6,994	48,672
Preferred stockholder dividends	0	(2,084)	0	(4,168)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders	$ 11,279	$ 24,842	$ 6,994	$ 44,504
Shares:
Basic: Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in shares)	7,720	6,999	7,572	7,010
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversion of dilutive instruments (in shares)	175	1,253	364	1,280
Diluted: Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in shares)	7,895	8,252	7,936	8,290
Earnings (Loss) per share—Basic (in $ per share)	$ 1.46	$ 3.55	$ 0.92	$ 6.35
Earnings (Loss) per Share—Diluted (in $ per share)	$ 1.43	$ 3.26	$ 0.88	$ 5.87

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted EPS (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total anti-dilutive securities (in shares)	35	27	1	24
Restricted stock units and options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total anti-dilutive securities (in shares)	35	27	1	24

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Estimated effective income tax rate	50.90%	20.50%

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Debt (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Amount outstanding	$ 234,765,000	$ 277,839,000
Credit Agreement | Term loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 365,000,000.0
Term of debt	7 years
Principal loan payments	$ 45,000,000.0
Debt retired	10,000,000.0
Amount paid for debt	8,900,000
Amount outstanding	240,700,000
Debt issuance costs	(5,900,000)
Credit Agreement | Revolving credit facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 100,000,000.0
Term of debt	5 years
Amount outstanding	$ 0

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests - Narrative (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020
Minimum
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Exercise period	4 years
Maximum
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Exercise period	7 years

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests - Schedule of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Non-controlling Interests [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance			$ 63,845
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			1,105
Changes in redemption value			17,137	$ (6,423)
Total net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	$ 6,308	$ 749	11,344	1,924
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other	(2,736)	$ 750	15,498	$ 1,097
Ending balance	90,687		90,687
CIP
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Non-controlling Interests [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance			5,429
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(780)
Total net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(780)
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other			19,696
Ending balance	24,345		24,345
Affiliate Noncontrolling Interests
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Non-controlling Interests [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance			58,416
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			1,885
Total net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			12,124
Net subscriptions (redemptions) and other			(4,198)
Ending balance	$ 66,342		66,342
Portion at Other than Fair Value Measurement
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Non-controlling Interests [Roll Forward]
Changes in redemption value			10,239
Portion at Other than Fair Value Measurement | CIP
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Non-controlling Interests [Roll Forward]
Changes in redemption value			0
Portion at Other than Fair Value Measurement | Affiliate Noncontrolling Interests
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Non-controlling Interests [Roll Forward]
Changes in redemption value			$ 10,239

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Consolidation - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Noncontrolling interests	$ (90,687)	$ (87,115)	$ (63,845)	$ (60,502)	$ (59,003)	$ (57,481)
VOEs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	9,966		2,665
Investments	45,560		22,223
Other assets	5,328		1,563
Notes payable	0		0
Securities purchased payable and other liabilities	(5,250)		(2,964)
Noncontrolling interests	(22,304)		(3,865)
Net interests in CIP	33,300		19,622
CLOs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	72,721		97,130
Investments	2,194,211		1,976,148
Other assets	23,894		21,450
Notes payable	(2,156,587)		(1,834,535)
Securities purchased payable and other liabilities	(66,707)		(164,887)
Noncontrolling interests	(8,345)		(10,558)
Net interests in CIP	59,187		84,748
Other
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	1,098		363
Investments	34,049		31,739
Other assets	565		599
Notes payable	0		0
Securities purchased payable and other liabilities	(356)		(200)
Noncontrolling interests	(2,041)		(1,564)
Net interests in CIP	$ 33,315		$ 30,937

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Consolidation - Additional Information (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) collateralized_loan_obligation	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
CLOs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Number of CLOs consolidated | collateralized_loan_obligation	6
Investments	$ 2,194,211,000		$ 1,976,148,000
Nonconsolidated VIEs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Carrying value and maximum risk of loss	$ 14,600,000
LIBOR | CLOs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Investments, basis spread on variable interest rate	8.50%
Senior Notes | CLOs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance exceeds fair value	$ 219,300,000
Subordinated Notes - Newfleet CLO 2016-1 | CLOs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Debt par value		$ 2,500,000,000
Subordinated Notes - Newfleet CLO 2016-1 | Subordinated Debt | CLOs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Debt par value		225,900,000
Senior Secured Floating Rate Notes - Newfleet CLO 2016-1 | Senior Notes | CLOs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Debt par value		$ 2,300,000,000
Minimum | Senior Secured Floating Rate Notes - Newfleet CLO 2016-1 | LIBOR | CLOs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	0.80%
Maximum | Senior Secured Floating Rate Notes - Newfleet CLO 2016-1 | LIBOR | CLOs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	8.70%

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Consolidation - Beneficial Interests of Consolidated Investment Product (Details) - CLOs $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Subordinated notes	$ 57,524
Accrued investment management fees	1,663
Total beneficial interests	$ 59,187

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Consolidation - Revenue and Expenses of Consolidated Investment Product (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Expenses:
Other operating expenses	$ 17,436	$ 19,174	$ 36,321	$ 37,897
Noncontrolling interests	(4,930)	(973)	(10,221)	(1,695)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders	$ 11,279	$ 24,842	6,994	$ 44,504
CLOs
Income:
Realized and unrealized gain (loss), net			(11,516)
Interest income			56,942
Total revenues			45,426
Expenses:
Other operating expenses			8,676
Interest expense			52,636
Total expense			61,312
Noncontrolling interests			1,123
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders			$ (14,763)

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Consolidation - Economic Interests of Consolidated Investment Product (Details) - CLOs $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Distributions received and unrealized gains (losses) on the subordinated notes held by the Company	$ (19,376)
Investment management fees	4,613
Total Economic Interests	$ (14,763)

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Consolidation - Summary of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets
Cash equivalents	$ 138,847	$ 187,255
Total assets measured at fair value	187,397	256,969
Level 1
Assets
Cash equivalents	138,847	187,255
Total assets measured at fair value	187,393	256,953
Level 2
Assets
Cash equivalents	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value	4	16
Level 3
Assets
Cash equivalents	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets
Cash equivalents	72,721	97,130
Derivatives	806
Total assets measured at fair value	2,347,347	2,127,240
Liabilities
Notes payable	2,156,587	1,834,535
Derivatives	806
Short sales	421	430
Total liabilities measured at fair value	2,157,814	1,834,965
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Debt investments
Assets
Investments	2,248,078	2,013,034
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity investments
Assets
Investments	25,742	17,076
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 1
Assets
Cash equivalents	72,721	97,130
Derivatives	295
Total assets measured at fair value	113,258	113,220
Liabilities
Notes payable	0	0
Derivatives	495
Short sales	421	430
Total liabilities measured at fair value	916	430
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 1 | Debt investments
Assets
Investments	16,040	218
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 1 | Equity investments
Assets
Investments	24,202	15,872
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 2
Assets
Cash equivalents	0	0
Derivatives	511
Total assets measured at fair value	2,222,217	1,973,598
Liabilities
Notes payable	2,156,587	1,834,535
Derivatives	311
Short sales	0	0
Total liabilities measured at fair value	2,156,898	1,834,535
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 2 | Debt investments
Assets
Investments	2,220,486	1,973,427
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 2 | Equity investments
Assets
Investments	1,220	171
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 3
Assets
Cash equivalents	0	0
Derivatives	0
Total assets measured at fair value	11,872	40,422
Liabilities
Notes payable	0	0
Derivatives	0
Short sales	0	0
Total liabilities measured at fair value	0	0
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 3 | Debt investments
Assets
Investments	11,552	39,389
Consolidated Investment Products | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 3 | Equity investments
Assets
Investments	$ 320	$ 1,033

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Consolidation - Assets Related to Consolidated Sponsored Investment Products, Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - Consolidated Investment Products - Debt investments - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 40,422	$ 6,848
Realized gains (losses), net	4	(114)
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net	(920)	563
Purchases	56	2,157
Amortization	6	0
Sales	(1,195)	(2,457)
Transfers to Level 2	(38,607)	(21,891)
Transfers from Level 2	12,106	40,032
Balance at end of period	$ 11,872	$ 25,138

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Subsequent Events (Details)	Jul. 04, 2020 subsidiary
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number Of wholly owned subsidiaries	2