Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Receivables, Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Accounts Receivable

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had no allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts based on experience and specifically identified risks. Accounts receivable are carried at fair value and charged off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when the Company determines that recovery is unlikely and the Company cease collection efforts.

Basis of Presentation, Policy

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”).

Principles of Consolidation, Policy

Principles of Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

A subsidiary is an entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power; has the power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial and operating policies of the investee under a statute or agreement among the shareholders or equity holders.

The Company applies the guidance codified in Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidations, which requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity in which it has a controlling financial interest. The Company identifies an entity as a variable interest entity if either: (1) the entity does not have sufficient equity investment at risk to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or (2) the entity’s equity investors lack the essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest. The Company performs ongoing qualitative assessments of its variable interest entities to determine whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in any variable interest entity and therefore is the primary beneficiary, and if it has the power to direct activities that impact the activities of the entity.

Management Estimates, Policy

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The accounting estimates that require management’s most significant, difficult and subjective judgments include the valuation of royalty rights - at fair value, the valuation of the revenue and allowance for customer credits, the valuation of inventory, the assessment of recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets and their estimated useful lives, revenue recognition, the valuation and recognition of share-based compensation, the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and contingent consideration estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Disclosures, Policy

Segment Reporting

Under ASC 280, Segment Reporting, operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the entity’s chief operating decision maker, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company has evaluated its operating segments in accordance with ASC 280, and has identified two reportable segments: income generating assets and product sales at December 31, 2016.

Cash Equivalents and Investments, Policy

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with initial maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure in any one financial instrument.

Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Investments

The Company’s investments include available-for-sale investments, equity method investments and cost method investments in certain publicly traded companies and privately-held companies.

All marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, based on quoted market prices and observable inputs, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The Company classify marketable securities that are available for use in current operations as current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other than temporary for available-for-sale securities are included in “Interest and other income, net.” The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.

On July 1, 2016, Noden Pharma DAC entered into an asset purchase agreement (“Noden Purchase Agreement”) where by it purchased from Novartis Pharma AG (“Novartis”) the exclusive worldwide rights to manufacture, market, and sell the branded prescription medicine product sold under the name Tekturna^® and Tekturna HCT^® in the United States and Rasilez^® and Rasilez HCT^® in the rest of the world (collectively, the “Noden Products”) and certain related assets and assumed certain related liabilities (the “Noden Transaction”). Upon the consummation of the Noden Transaction, a noncontrolling interest holder acquired a 6% equity interest in Noden. The equity interest of the noncontrolling interest holder is subject to vesting and repurchase rights over a four-year period. At December 31, 2016, 80% of the noncontrolling interest was subject to repurchase. The Company determined that Noden shall be consolidated under the voting interest model as of December 31, 2016 (See Note 19).

Fair Value Measurements, Policy

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments are estimates of the amounts that would be received if the Company were to sell an asset or we paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date or exit price. The assets and liabilities are categorized and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1 – based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

Level 2 – based on quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities, using observable market based inputs or unobservable market based inputs corroborated by market data, and

Level 3 – based on unobservable inputs using management’s best estimate and assumptions when inputs are unavailable.

Notes Receivable and Other Long-Term Receivables, Policy

Notes Receivable and Other Long-Term Receivables

The Company accounts for its notes receivable at both amortized cost, net of unamortized origination fees, if any, and as dependent on collateral repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. For loans accounted for at their amortized cost, related fees and costs are recorded net of any amounts reimbursed. Interest is accreted or accrued to “Interest revenue” using the effective interest method. When and if supplemental payments are received from certain of these notes and other long-term receivables, an adjustment to the estimated effective interest rate is affected prospectively.

The Company evaluates the collectability of both interest and principal for each note receivable and loan to determine whether it is impaired. A note receivable or loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, the Company determines it is probable that it will be unable to collect amounts due according to the existing contractual terms. When a note receivable or loan is considered to be impaired, the amount of loss is calculated by comparing the carrying value of the financial asset to the value determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at the loan’s effective interest rate or to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell, if the loan is collateralized and the Company expects repayment to be provided solely by the collateral. Impairment assessments require significant judgments and are based on significant assumptions related to the borrower’s credit risk, financial performance, expected sales, and estimated fair value of the collateral.

The Company records interest on an accrual basis and recognizes it as earned in accordance with the contractual terms of the credit agreement, to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected. When a note receivable or loan becomes past due, or if management otherwise does not expect that principal, interest, and other obligations due will be collected in full, the Company will generally place the note receivable or loan on non-accrual status and cease recognizing interest income on that note receivable or loan until all principal and interest due has been paid or until such time that the Company believes the borrower has demonstrated the ability to repay its current and future contractual obligations. Any uncollected interest related to prior periods is reversed from income in the period that collection of the interest receivable is determined to be doubtful. However, the Company may make exceptions to this policy if the investment has sufficient collateral value and is in the process of collection.

At December 31, 2016, the Company had four notes receivable investments on non-accrual status with a cumulative investment cost and fair value of approximately $105.3 million and $107.4 million, respectively, compared to three note receivable investments on non-accrual at December 31, 2015 with a cumulative investment cost and fair value of approximately $103.2 million and $109.2 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized losses of $51.1 million, $4.0 million and zero, respectively, on extinguishment of notes receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not recognize any interest for note receivable investments on non-accrual status.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventory

Inventory, which consists of work-in-process and finished goods, is stated at the lower of cost or market value. The Company determines cost using the first-in, first-out method. Inventory levels are analyzed periodically and written down to their net realizable value if they have become obsolete, have a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value or are in excess of expected requirements. The Company evaluates for potential excess inventory by analyzing current and future product demand relative to the remaining product shelf life. The Company builds demand forecasts by considering factors such as, but not limited to, overall market potential, market share, market acceptance and patient usage. The Company classifies inventory as current on the Consolidated Balance Sheets when the Company expects inventory to be consumed for commercial use within the next twelve months.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, we recognized an inventory write-down of $0.3 million for the Noden Products that we would not be able to sell prior to their expiration. There were no inventory write-downs related to excess and obsolete inventory recorded in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

Intangible Assets, Finite-Lived, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with finite useful lives consist primarily of acquired product rights and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, over 10 years. The estimated useful lives associated with finite-lived intangible assets are consistent with the estimated lives of the associated products and may be modified when circumstances warrant. Such assets are reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount. The amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the impaired asset.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the acquisition consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We have determined that we have a single reporting unit associated with the commercialization of pharmaceutical products. The annual test for goodwill impairment is a two-step process. The first step is a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If this step indicates impairment, then, in the second step, the loss is measured as the excess of recorded goodwill over its implied fair value. Implied fair value is the excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the fair value of all identified assets and liabilities. We test goodwill for impairment annually in December and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. After completing the Company’s impairment review for the reporting unit during the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company concluded that goodwill was impaired. The Company recognized a goodwill impairment loss of $3.7 million as of December 31, 2016. For further information on the Company’s goodwill impairment analysis, refer to Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K

Property and Equipment, Policy

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization were computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:



Leasehold improvements		Shorter of asset life or term of lease
Computer and office equipment		3 years
Furniture and fixtures		7 years

Debt, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Convertible Notes

The Company issued the February 2018 Notes with a net share settlement feature, meaning that upon any conversion, the principal amount will be settled in cash and the remaining amount, if any, will be settled in shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company issued the December 2021 Notes with a settlement feature that allows the Company to settle the notes by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at the Company’s election, although it is the current intention that they will be net-share settled. In accordance with accounting guidance for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash or other assets on conversion, the Company separated the principal balance between the fair value of the liability component and the common stock conversion feature using a market interest rate for a similar nonconvertible instrument at the date of issuance.

Financing Costs Related to Long-term Debt [Policy Text Block]

Financing Costs Related to Long-term Debt

Costs associated with obtaining long-term debt are deferred and amortized over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method. Such costs are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the long-term debt liability, consistent with debt discounts, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Product Revenue, Policy

Product Revenue

General

The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its products when (i) delivery has occurred, (ii) title has transferred, (iii) the selling price is fixed or determinable, (iv) collectability is reasonably assured and the Company has no further performance obligations. We assess whether the fee is fixed or determinable based on the payment terms associated with the transaction and whether the sales price is subject to refund or adjustment. We exercise judgment in determining that collectability is reasonably assured or that services have been delivered in accordance with the arrangement. We assess collectability based primarily on the customer’s payment history and on the creditworthiness of the customer. Revenues from Noden Products sales are recorded net of allowances for customer credits, including estimated chargebacks, rebates, discounts, returns, distribution service fees, patient assistance programs, and government rebates, such as Medicare Part D coverage gap reimbursements in the United States and other deductions and returns in the same period the related sales are recorded. Product shipping and handling costs are included in cost of product revenues.

For the period from July 1, 2016 through October 4, 2016, all of the Noden Products were distributed by Novartis under the terms of the Noden Purchase Agreement while transfer of the marketing right authorizations were pending. The Company recorded revenue under the Novartis transition arrangement on a “net” basis and established a reserve for retroactive adjustment to the profit split with Novartis.

Beginning on October 5, 2016, Noden Pharma USA, Inc. began distributing the Noden Products in the United States while Novartis continues to distribute the Noden Products outside of the United States. We recorded revenue for all fourth quarter of 2016 sales in the United States on a “gross” basis and established a reserve for allowances.

Provisions

Customer Credits: Our customers are offered various forms of consideration, including allowances, service fees and prompt payment discounts. We expect our customers will earn prompt payment discounts and, therefore, we deduct the full amount of these discounts from total product sales when revenues are recognized. Service fees are also deducted from total product sales as they are earned.

Rebates and Discounts: Allowances for rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program in the United States and mandated discounts in the European Union in markets where government-sponsored healthcare systems are the primary payers for healthcare. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of the product to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or legal requirements with public sector benefit providers. The accrual for rebates is based on statutory discount rates and expected utilization as well as historical data we have obtained from Novartis. Our estimates for expected utilization of rebates are based on data received from our customers. Rebates are generally invoiced and paid in arrears so that the accrual balance consists of an estimate of the amount expected to be incurred for the current quarter’s activity, plus an accrual balance for known prior quarters’ unpaid rebates. If actual future rebates vary from estimates, we may need to adjust prior period accruals, which would affect revenue in the period of adjustment.

Chargebacks: Chargebacks are discounts that occur when certain contracted customers, which currently consist primarily of group purchasing organizations, Public Health Service institutions, non-profit clinics, and Federal government entities purchasing via the Federal Supply Schedule, purchase directly from our wholesalers. Contracted customers generally purchase the product at a discounted price. The wholesalers, in turn, charges back to us the difference between the price initially paid by the wholesalers and the discounted price paid by the contracted customers. In addition to actual chargebacks received, we maintain an accrual for chargebacks based on the estimated contractual discounts on the inventory levels on hand in our distribution channel. If actual future chargebacks vary from these estimates, we may need to adjust prior period accruals, which would affect revenue in the period of adjustment.

Medicare Part D Coverage Gap: Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit mandates manufacturers to fund 50% of the Medicare Part D insurance coverage gap for prescription drugs sold to eligible patients. Our estimates for the expected Medicare Part D coverage gap are based on historical invoices received and in part from data received from our customers. Funding of the coverage gap is generally invoiced and paid in arrears so that the accrual balance consists of an estimate of the amount expected to be incurred for the current quarter’s activity, plus an accrual balance for known prior quarters. If actual future funding varies from estimates, we may need to adjust prior period accruals, which would affect revenue in the period of adjustment.

Co-payment Assistance: Patients who have commercial insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements may receive co-payment assistance. We accrue a liability for co-payment assistance based on actual program participation and estimates of program redemption using data provided by third-party administrators.

Returns: Returns are generally estimated and recorded based on historical sales and returns information. Products that exhibit unusual sales or return patterns due to dating, competition or other marketing matters are specifically investigated and analyzed as part of the accounting for sales returns accruals.

Queen et al. Royalty Revenues [Policy Text Block]

Queen et al. Royalty Revenues

Under the Company’s license agreements related to patents covering the humanization of antibodies, which it refers to as the Queen et al. patents, the Company receives royalty payments based upon its licensees’ net sales of covered products. Generally, under these agreements, the Company receives royalty reports from its licensees approximately one quarter in arrears; that is, generally in the second month of the quarter after the licensee has sold the royalty-bearing product. The Company recognizes royalty revenues when it can reliably estimate such amounts and collectability is reasonably assured. Under this accounting policy, the royalty revenues the Company reports are not based upon estimates, and such royalty revenues are typically reported in the same period in which the Company receives payment from its licensees.

Although the last of the Queen et al. patents expired in December 2014, the Company has received royalties beyond expiration based on the terms of its licenses and its legal settlement. Under the terms of the legal settlement between Genentech, Inc. (“Genentech”) and the Company, the first quarter of 2016 was the last period for which Genentech paid royalties to the Company for Avastin, Herceptin, Xolair, Kadcyla and Perjeta. Other products from the Queen et al. patent licenses, such as Tysabri, entitle the Company to royalties following the expiration of its patents with respect to sales of licensed product manufactured prior to patent expiry in jurisdictions providing patent protection licenses. The amount of royalties the Company is due for products manufactured prior to but sold after patent expiry is uncertain; however, the Company’s revenues from payments made from these Queen et al. patent licenses and settlements materially decreased in the second quarter of 2016.

Acquired Royalty Rights, Policy

Royalty Rights - At Fair Value

Currently, the Company accounts for its investments in royalty rights at fair value with changes in fair value presented in earnings. The fair value of the investments in royalty rights is determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis related to the expected future cash flows to be received. These assets are classified as Level 3 assets within the fair value hierarchy, as the Company’s valuation estimates utilize significant unobservable inputs, including estimates as to the probability and timing of future sales of the related products. Transaction-related fees and costs are expensed as incurred.

The changes in the estimated fair value from investments in royalty rights along with cash receipts in each reporting period are presented together on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of revenue under the caption, “Royalty rights - change in fair value.”

Realized gains and losses on Royalty Rights are recognized as they are earned and when collection is reasonably assured. Royalty Rights revenue is recognized over the respective contractual arrangement period. Critical estimates may include product demand and market growth assumptions, inventory target levels, product approval and pricing assumptions. Factors that could cause a change in estimates of future cash flows include a change in estimated market size, a change in pricing strategy or reimbursement coverage, a delay in obtaining regulatory approval, a change in dosage of the product, and a change in the number of treatments. For each arrangement, the Company is entitled to royalty payments based on revenue generated by the net sales of the product.

Derivatives, Methods of Accounting, Hedge Documentation [Policy Text Block]

Foreign Currency Hedging

From time to time, the Company may enter into foreign currency hedges to manage exposures arising in the normal course of business and not for speculative purposes.

The Company hedged certain Euro-denominated currency exposures related to royalties associated with its licensees’ product sales with Euro forward contracts. In general, those contracts are intended to offset the underlying Euro market risk in the Company’s royalty revenues. The last of those contracts expired in the fourth quarter of 2015 and was settled in the first quarter of 2016. The Company designated foreign currency exchange contracts used to hedge royalty revenues based on underlying Euro-denominated licensee product sales as cash flow hedges.

The fair value of the Euro forward contracts was estimated using pricing models with readily observable inputs from actively quoted markets and was disclosed on a gross basis. The aggregate unrealized gains or losses, net of tax, on the effective component of the hedge was recorded in stockholders’ equity as “Accumulated other comprehensive income.” Realized gains or losses on cash flow hedges are recognized as an adjustment to royalty revenue in the same period that the hedged transaction impacts earnings as royalty revenue. Any gain or loss on the ineffective portion of these hedge contracts is reported in “Interest and other income, net” in the period the ineffectiveness occurs.

Foreign Currency Hedging, Policy

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company uses the U.S. dollar predominately as the functional currency of its foreign subsidiaries. For foreign subsidiaries where the U.S. dollar is the functional currency, gains and losses from remeasurement of foreign currency balances into U.S. dollars are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The aggregate net gains (losses) resulting from foreign currency transactions and remeasurement of foreign currency balances into U.S. dollars that were included in the Consolidated Statements of Income was insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Comprehensive Income, Policy

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) comprises net income adjusted for other comprehensive income (loss), using the specific identification method, which includes the changes in unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges and changes in unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s investments in available-for-sale securities, all net of tax, which are excluded from the Company’s net income.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach. Tax laws require items to be included in tax filings at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. A current liability is recognized for the estimated taxes payable for the current year. Deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. Deferred taxes are adjusted for enacted changes in tax rates and tax laws. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.

The Company recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We adjust the level of the liability to reflect any subsequent changes in the relevant facts surrounding the uncertain positions. Any interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are included within the tax provision.

Business Combinations Policy [Policy Text Block]

Business Combination

The Company applies ASC 805, Business combinations, pursuant to which the cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date of exchange of the assets given, liabilities incurred, and equity instruments issued. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of the (i) the total of cost of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of an acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive income.

Lease, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Lease Accounting and Lease Guarantee

The Company accounts for operating leases by recording rent expense on a straight-line basis over the expected life of the lease, commencing on the date we gain possession of leased property. The Company includes tenant improvement allowances and rent holidays received from landlords and the effect of any rent escalation clauses as adjustments to straight-line rent expense over the expected life of the lease.

Capital leases are reflected as a liability at the inception of the lease based on the present value of the minimum lease payments or, if lower, the fair value of the property. Assets under capital leases are recorded in property and equipment, net on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and depreciated in a manner similar to other property and equipment.

Upon the Spin-Off, the Company’s facility leases in Redwood City, California were assigned to Facet. In April 2010, Abbott Laboratories acquired Facet and later renamed the entity AbbVie Biotherapeutics, Inc. However, if AbbVie Biotherapeutics, Inc were to default on its lease obligations, the Company has in substance guaranteed the lease payments for this facility. The Company would also be responsible for lease-related payments including utilities, property taxes, and common area maintenance, which may be as much as the actual lease payments. As of December 31, 2016, the total remaining lease payments, which run through December 2021, were $56.4 million. The carrying value of this lease guarantee was $10.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and is reflected in other long-term liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet (Note 14).

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which amends existing guidance on income taxes to require the classification of all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current on the balance sheet. ASU No. 2015-17 was adopted on a prospective basis by the Company in the first quarter of 2016, thus resulting in the reclassification of $1.0 million of current deferred tax liabilities to non-current on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The prior reporting period was not retrospectively adjusted. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial positions or cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The new standard can be applied either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (i.e., full retrospective adoption) or with the cumulative effect of initially applying the update recognized at the date of the initial application (i.e., modified retrospective adoption) along with additional disclosures. This new standard will replace most of the existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard, as amended, becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, but allows the Company to adopt the standard one year earlier if it so chooses. The Company currently anticipates adopting this standard using the full retrospective method to restate each prior period presented. The Company is evaluating the timing and the impact of adopting this standard to its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which seeks to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by, among other things, recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU No. 2016-02 becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU No. 2016-02 and assessing the impact, if any, it may have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-06, Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments, which clarifies what steps are required when assessing whether the economic characteristics and risks of call (put) options are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of their debt hosts, which is one of the criteria for bifurcating an embedded derivative. ASU 2016-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those years. The Company do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, intended to improve the accounting for share-based payment transactions as part of its simplification initiative. The new guidance mainly requires entities to record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as an income tax benefit or expense in the statement of income. The recognition of excess tax benefits and deficiencies and changes to diluted earnings per share are to be applied prospectively while a cumulative-effective adjustment in retained earnings would be made for tax benefits that had not previously been recognized and potential changes to forfeiture recognition. Cash flow presentation changes can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the ASU may result in approximately $7.5 million cumulative-effect adjustment in retained earnings associated with tax benefits that were not previously recognized. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of the updated standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new guidance amends the impairment model to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of the currently used incurred loss methodology, which will result in the more timely recognition of losses. ASU No. 2016-13 has an effective date of the fiscal years beginning December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2016-13 and assessing the impact, if any, it may have to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The new standard provides for specific guidance how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods with those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2016-15 and assessing the impact, if any, it may have to the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires companies to account for the income tax effects of intercompany sales and transfers of assets other than inventory in the period in which the transfer occurs. The new standard is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (i.e. 2018 for a calendar-year entity). Early adoption is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an annual period. The guidance is to be applied using a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative catch-up adjustment to opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. We are currently analyzing the impact of ASU No. 2016-16 on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires entities to show the changes in total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, entities will no longer present transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. When cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are presented in more than one line item on the balance sheet, the new guidance requires a reconciliation of the totals in the statement of cash flows to the related captions on the balance sheet. The reconciliation can either be presented either on the face of the statement of cash flows or in the notes to the financial statements. The new standard is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein and is to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently analyzing the impact of ASU No. 2016-18 on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations, which requires entities to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets; if so, the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. The new standard is to be applied prospectively to any transactions occurring within the period of adoption and is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including annual periods in which the financial statements have not been issued. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2017-01 for the annual period ending December 31, 2016. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.