Exhibit (a)(6)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION

NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

Instructions for Determining the Proper Identification Number for the Payee (You) to Give the Payer.

Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens: e.g., 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by only one hyphen: e.g., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to give the payer.

For this type of account:			Give the SOCIAL SECURITY number of	For this type of account:	Give the EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION number of
1.	An individual’s account		The individual	6.     Sole proprietorship account	The owner(3)
2.	Two or more individuals (joint account)		The actual owner of the account or, if combined funds, any one of the individuals(1)	7.     A valid trust, estate, or pension trust	The legal entity(4)
3.	Custodian account of a minor (Uniform Gift to Minors Act)		The minor(2)	8.     Corporate account	The corporation
4.	a.	The usual revocable savings trust account (grantor is also trustee)	The grantor-trustee(1)	9.     Partnership account held in the name of the business	The partnership
	b.	So-called trust account that is not a legal or valid trust under State law	The actual owner(1)	10.   Association, club, religious, charitable, educational or other tax-exempt organization	The organization
5.	Sole proprietorship account		The owner(3)	11.   A broker or registered nominee	The broker or nominee
				12.   Account with the Department of Agriculture in the name of a public entity (such as a State or local government, school district, or prison) that receives agricultural program payments	The public entity

(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.

(2) Circle the minor’s name and furnish the minor’s social security number.

(3) You must show your individual name but, you may also enter your business or “doing business as” name. You may use either your social security number or your employer identification number (if you have one).

(4) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust. (Do not furnish the taxpayer identification number of the personal representative or trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated in the account title.)

Note: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will be considered to be that of the first name listed.

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Obtaining a Number

If you don’t have a taxpayer identification number or you don’t know your number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and apply for a number.

Definition of United States Person

For United States federal income tax purposes, you are considered a United States person if you are:

• An individual who is a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien,

• A partnership, corporation, company, or association created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States,

• An estate (other than a foreign estate), or

• A domestic trust (as defined in Treasury Regulations Section 301.7701-7).

Payees Exempt From Backup Withholding

Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL payments include the following:

• A corporation.

• A financial institution.

• An organization exempt from tax under Section 501(a), or an individual retirement plan.

• The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

• A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any subdivision or instrumentality thereof.

• A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

• An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.

• A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the United States or a possession of the United States.

• A real estate investment trust.

• A common trust fund operated by a bank under Section 584(a).

• A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

• An entity registered at all times under the investment Company Act of 1940.

• A foreign central bank of issue.

Exempt payees described above should file Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous backup withholding. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE EXEMPT ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, AND RETURN IT TO THE PAYER. IF THE PAYMENTS ARE INTEREST, DIVIDENDS, OR PATRONAGE DIVIDENDS, ALSO SIGN AND DATE THE FORM.

Certain payments other than interest dividends, and patronage dividends, that are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup withholding. For details, see the regulations under sections 6041, 6041A(a), 6045, and 6050A.

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Privacy Act Notice. Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend, interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers who must report the payments to IRS. IRS uses the numbers for identification purposes. Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are required to file tax returns. Payers must generally withhold 28% of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may also apply.

Penalties

(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER. If you fail to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.

(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING. If you make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.

(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION. Falsifying certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or imprisonment.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.

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