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LONG-TERM INCENTIVE COMPENSATION
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE COMPENSATION LONG-TERM INCENTIVE COMPENSATION
Stock-Based Awards
Stock-Based Compensation
We grant our annual stock-based compensation awards to eligible employees in March and non-employee directors in May. Certain awards granted to retirement-eligible employees one year or more before their retirement date vest upon retirement; these awards are accounted for as fully vested one year from the date of grant.
Our 2017 Incentive Award Plan (the “Equity Plan”), a long-term incentive plan for employees and non-employee directors, allows us to grant stock-based compensation awards – including stock options, RSUs, PUs, MSUs and DSUs – or a combination of these and other awards. Under the Equity Plan, 5.4 million shares are available for issuance, and each full value award is counted as 1.5 shares for purposes of the number of shares authorized for issuance. Full value awards include RSUs, PUs and MSUs.
Stock-based compensation expense and the related recognized tax benefit were as follows:
(In millions)202320222021
Stock-based compensation expense$22.3 $47.4 $37.2 
Tax benefit2.4 6.7 4.6 
This expense was included in “Marketing, general and administrative expense” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
As of December 30, 2023, we had approximately $35 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of approximately two years.
Stock Options
Stock options may be granted to employees and non-employee directors at no less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of the grant and generally vest over a four-year period. Options expire ten years from the date of grant.
The fair value of stock options is estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires input assumptions for our expected dividend yield, expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate and the expected option term. The following assumptions are used in estimating the fair value of granted stock options:
Risk-free interest rate is based on the 52-week average of the Treasury-Bond rate that has a term corresponding to the expected option term. For 2023, it was 3.84%.
Expected stock price volatility represents an average of the implied and historical volatility. For 2023, it was 23.90%.
Expected dividend yield is based on the current annual dividend divided by the 12-month average of our monthly stock price prior to grant. For 2023, it was 1.84%.
Expected option term is determined based on historical experience under our stock option and incentive plans. For 2023, it was 6.31 years.
The weighted average grant date fair value per share for stock options granted in 2023 was $47.65. No stock options were granted in fiscal years 2022 or 2021.
The following table summarizes information related to stock options:
Number of
options
(in thousands)
Weighted average
exercise price		Weighted average
remaining
contractual life
(in years)		Aggregate
intrinsic value
(in millions)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022141.1 $73.96 3.42$15.1 
Granted
63.0 190.54 
Outstanding at December 30, 2023204.1 $109.92 4.36$18.7 
Options vested and expected to vest at December 30, 2023192.6 105.10 4.3618.7 
Options exercisable at December 30, 2023141.1 $73.96 2.42$18.1 
The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $3.5 million in 2021. We received approximately $1 million in 2021 from the exercise of stock options, and the tax benefit associated with these exercised options was $0.9 million. The stock option exercises in 2022 were immaterial and there were no stock option exercises in 2023. The intrinsic value of a stock option is based on the amount by which the market value of our stock exceeds the exercise price of the option.
Performance Units (“PUs”)
PUs are performance-based awards granted to eligible employees under the Equity Plan. PUs are payable in shares of our common stock at the end of a three- or four-year cliff vesting period provided that the designated performance objectives are achieved at the end of the period. Over the performance period, the estimated number of shares of our common stock issuable upon vesting is adjusted upward or downward based on the probability of achieving the performance objectives established for the award. The actual number of shares issued generally ranges from 0% to 200% of the target shares at the time of grant; however the shares issued for certain special PU awards can range up to 300% of the target shares at time of grant. The weighted average grant date fair value for PUs was $180.12, $163.97 and $191.86 in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The following table summarizes information related to awarded PUs:
Number of
 PUs
(in thousands)		Weighted
 average
grant-date
 fair value
Unvested at December 31, 2022372.7 $147.45 
Granted at target85.0 180.12 
Adjustment for above-target performance(1)
58.2 112.51 
Vested(201.9)112.51 
Forfeited/cancelled(13.3)174.50 
Unvested at December 30, 2023300.7 $174.54 
(1)Reflects adjustments for the vesting of PUs based on above-target performance for the 2020-2022 performance period.
The fair value of vested PUs was $22.7 million in 2023, $20.2 million in 2022 and $19.2 million in 2021.
Market-Leveraged Stock Units (“MSUs”)
MSUs are performance-based awards granted to eligible employees under our equity plans. MSUs are payable in shares of our common stock over a four-year period provided that the designated performance objective is achieved as of the end of each vesting period. MSUs accrue dividend equivalents during the vesting period, which are earned and paid only at vesting provided that, at a minimum, threshold-level performance is achieved. The number of shares earned is based upon our absolute total shareholder return at each vesting date and can range from 0% to 200% of the target amount of MSUs subject to vesting. Each of the four vesting periods represents one tranche of MSUs and the fair value of each of these four tranches was determined using the Monte-Carlo simulation model, which utilizes multiple input variables, including expected stock price volatility and other assumptions, to estimate the probability of achieving the performance objective established for the award. The weighted average grant date fair value for MSUs was $192.53, $141.80 and $216.06 in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The following table summarizes information related to awarded MSUs:
Number of
MSUs
(in thousands) 		Weighted
average
grant-
date fair
value
Unvested at December 31, 2022208.5 $145.86 
Granted at target82.3 192.53 
Adjustments for above-target performance(1)
35.9 125.18 
Vested(118.9)135.77 
Forfeited/cancelled(12.3)166.45 
Unvested at December 30, 2023195.5 $167.16 
(1)Reflects adjustments for the vesting of MSUs based on above-target performance for each of the tranches of awards vesting in 2023.
The fair value of vested MSUs was $16.1 million in 2023, $19.9 million in 2022 and $17.8 million in 2021.
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)
RSUs are service-based awards granted to eligible employees and non-employee directors under our equity plans. RSUs granted to employees generally vest ratably over a period of three or four years. RSUs granted to non-employee directors generally vest in one year. The vesting of RSUs is subject to continued service through the applicable vesting date. If that condition is not met, unvested RSUs are generally forfeited. The weighted average grant date fair value for RSUs was $175.88, $168.34 and $196.26 in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The following table summarizes information related to awarded RSUs:
Number of
RSUs
(in thousands) 		Weighted
average
grant-date
fair value
Unvested at December 31, 202259.8 $159.23 
Granted38.1 175.88 
Vested(18.1)148.26 
Forfeited/cancelled(13.3)159.43 
Unvested at December 30, 202366.5 $171.68 
The fair value of vested RSUs was $2.7 million, $2.8 million and $2.7 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Cash-Based Awards
Long-Term Incentive Units (“LTI Units”)
LTI Units are cash-based awards granted to employees under our long-term incentive unit plan. LTI Units are service-based awards that generally vest ratably over a four-year period. The settlement value equals the number of vested LTI Units multiplied by the average of the high and low market prices of our common stock on the vesting date. The compensation expense related to these awards is amortized on a straight-line basis and the fair value is remeasured using the estimated percentage of units expected to be earned multiplied by the average of the high and low market prices of our common stock at each quarter-end.
We also grant cash-based awards in the form of performance and market-leveraged LTI Units to eligible employees. Performance LTI Units are payable in cash at the end of a three-year cliff vesting period provided that certain performance objectives are achieved at the end of the performance period. Market-leveraged LTI Units are payable in cash and vest ratably over a period of four years. The number of performance and market-leveraged LTI Units earned at vesting is adjusted upward or downward based upon the probability of achieving the performance objectives established for the respective award and the actual number of units issued can range from 0% to 200% of the designated target units subject to vesting. Performance and market-leveraged LTI Units are remeasured using the estimated percentage of units expected to be earned multiplied by the average of the high and low market prices of our common stock at each quarter-end over their respective performance periods. The compensation expense related to performance LTI Units is amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective performance periods. The compensation expense related to market-leveraged LTI Units is amortized on a graded-vesting basis over their respective performance periods.
The compensation expense related to LTI Units was $16.3 million in 2023, $11.5 million in 2022 and $21.3 million in 2021. This expense was included in “Marketing, general and administrative expense” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The total recognized tax benefit related to LTI Units was $3.9 million in 2023, $2.7 million in 2022 and $5.1 million in 2021.