Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation	9 Months Ended
Sep. 29, 2018
Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation
Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation	Note 1 – Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Seaboard Corporation and its domestic and foreign subsidiaries (“Seaboard”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Seaboard’s investments in non-consolidated affiliates are accounted for by the equity method. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of Seaboard for the year ended December 31, 2017 as filed in its annual report on Form 10-K. Seaboard’s first three quarterly periods include approximately 13 weekly periods ending on the Saturday closest to the end of March, June and September. Seaboard’s year-end is December 31. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Except for new guidance adopted prospectively as discussed below, Seaboard has consistently applied all accounting policies as disclosed in the annual report on Form 10-K to all periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full year. As Seaboard conducts its commodity trading business with third parties, consolidated subsidiaries and non-consolidated affiliates on an interrelated basis, gross margin on non-consolidated affiliates cannot be clearly distinguished without making numerous assumptions primarily with respect to mark-to-market accounting for commodity derivatives. Use of Estimates The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include those related to allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventories, impairment of long-lived assets, potential write-down related to investments in and advances to affiliates and notes receivable from affiliates, income taxes and accrued pension liability. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Supplemental Non-Cash Transaction In conjunction with the January 2018 acquisition discussed further in Note 10, Seaboard incurred debt consisting of a $46 million note payable and contingent consideration with an estimated fair value of $14 million at the time of acquisition. Adoption of Highly Inflationary Accounting in Argentina GAAP requires the use of highly inflationary accounting for countries whose cumulative three-year inflation exceeds 100%. In the second quarter of 2018, the Argentine peso rapidly devalued relative to the U.S. dollar, which along with increased inflation, indicated that the three-year cumulative inflation in that country exceeded 100%. As a result, Seaboard adopted highly inflationary accounting as of July 1, 2018, for Seaboard’s Sugar segment. Under highly inflationary accounting, the Sugar segment’s functional currency became the U.S. dollar, and its income statement and balance sheet was measured in U.S. dollars using both current and historical rates of exchange. The effect of changes in exchange rates on peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are reflected in foreign currency gains (losses), net. For the three month period ended September 29, 2018, Seaboard recognized $8 million in foreign currency gains related to the adoption of highly inflationary accounting as a result of its net monetary liability position. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Adopted On January 1, 2018, Seaboard adopted guidance that developed a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers using the cumulative effect transition method. The adjustment to opening retained earnings, which only included the impact of contracts that were not completed at the date of adoption, was less than $1 million. All of Seaboard’s equity method investments must adopt the new standard by December 31, 2019. See Note 2 for additional details on the impact of adopting this new accounting standard. On January 1, 2018, Seaboard adopted guidance that requires the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be presented in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. Only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization in inventory. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are presented outside of operating income and are not capitalizable. For the three and nine month periods of 2017, $2 million and $5 million, respectively, of net periodic benefit cost was reclassified from selling, general and administrative expenses to miscellaneous, net below operating income. Seaboard elected to apply the practical expedient to estimate amounts for comparative periods. On January 1, 2018, Seaboard adopted guidance that eliminated cost method accounting and requires measuring equity investments, other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting, at fair value and recognizing fair value changes in net income if a readily determinable fair value exists. On January 1, 2018, $7 million of accumulated other comprehensive loss was reclassified to retained earnings by means of a cumulative effect adjustment, and all future gains/losses on these equity investments is reflected in other investment income (loss), net. As of January 1, 2018, Seaboard had minimal investments without readily determinable fair values, which will be recorded at cost, less impairment, and plus or minus subsequent adjustments for observable price changes. Recently Issued Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance that a lessee should record a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases are to be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a financing lease have not significantly changed from the previous guidance. For operating leases, a lessee is required to: (1) recognize a ROU asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the balance sheet, (2) recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis; and (3) classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Seaboard will adopt this guidance on January 1, 2019, for all consolidated subsidiaries and plans to apply most practical expedients and the optional transition relief issued in July 2018 that permits the recognition and measurement of leases at the date of adoption. Therefore, Seaboard will not restate comparative period financial information for the effects of this accounting standard. While Seaboard continues its process of assessing its leases and evaluating the effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements, Seaboard expects the adoption will have a material increase in assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet due to the recording of ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities. Seaboard believes the most significant effects will relate to the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet for port and contract grower operating leases. Seaboard is in the process of implementing a new lease accounting system and evaluating its processes and internal controls. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in Seaboard’s annual report for the year ended December 31, 2017, for information about Seaboard’s lease obligations.

Note 1 – Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Seaboard Corporation and its domestic and foreign subsidiaries (“Seaboard”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Seaboard’s investments in non-consolidated affiliates are accounted for by the equity method. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of Seaboard for the year ended December 31, 2017 as filed in its annual report on Form 10-K. Seaboard’s first three quarterly periods include approximately 13 weekly periods ending on the Saturday closest to the end of March, June and September. Seaboard’s year-end is December 31.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Except for new guidance adopted prospectively as discussed below, Seaboard has consistently applied all accounting policies as disclosed in the annual report on Form 10-K to all periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full year. As Seaboard conducts its commodity trading business with third parties, consolidated subsidiaries and non-consolidated affiliates on an interrelated basis, gross margin on non-consolidated affiliates cannot be clearly distinguished without making numerous assumptions primarily with respect to mark-to-market accounting for commodity derivatives.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include those related to allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventories, impairment of long-lived assets, potential write-down related to investments in and advances to affiliates and notes receivable from affiliates, income taxes and accrued pension liability. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Supplemental Non-Cash Transaction

In conjunction with the January 2018 acquisition discussed further in Note 10, Seaboard incurred debt consisting of a $46 million note payable and contingent consideration with an estimated fair value of $14 million at the time of acquisition.

Adoption of Highly Inflationary Accounting in Argentina

GAAP requires the use of highly inflationary accounting for countries whose cumulative three-year inflation exceeds 100%. In the second quarter of 2018, the Argentine peso rapidly devalued relative to the U.S. dollar, which along with increased inflation, indicated that the three-year cumulative inflation in that country exceeded 100%. As a result, Seaboard adopted highly inflationary accounting as of July 1, 2018, for Seaboard’s Sugar segment. Under highly inflationary accounting, the Sugar segment’s functional currency became the U.S. dollar, and its income statement and balance sheet was measured in U.S. dollars using both current and historical rates of exchange. The effect of changes in exchange rates on peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are reflected in foreign currency gains (losses), net. For the three month period ended September 29, 2018, Seaboard recognized $8 million in foreign currency gains related to the adoption of highly inflationary accounting as a result of its net monetary liability position.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Adopted

On January 1, 2018, Seaboard adopted guidance that developed a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers using the cumulative effect transition method. The adjustment to opening retained earnings, which only included the impact of contracts that were not completed at the date of adoption, was less than $1 million. All of Seaboard’s equity method investments must adopt the new standard by December 31, 2019. See Note 2 for additional details on the impact of adopting this new accounting standard.

On January 1, 2018, Seaboard adopted guidance that requires the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be presented in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. Only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization in inventory. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are presented outside of operating income and are not capitalizable. For the three and nine month periods of 2017, $2 million and $5 million, respectively, of net periodic benefit cost was reclassified from selling, general and administrative expenses to miscellaneous, net below operating income. Seaboard elected to apply the practical expedient to estimate amounts for comparative periods.

On January 1, 2018, Seaboard adopted guidance that eliminated cost method accounting and requires measuring equity investments, other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting, at fair value and recognizing fair value changes in net income if a readily determinable fair value exists. On January 1, 2018, $7 million of accumulated other comprehensive loss was reclassified to retained earnings by means of a cumulative effect adjustment, and all future gains/losses on these equity investments is reflected in other investment income (loss), net. As of January 1, 2018, Seaboard had minimal investments without readily determinable fair values, which will be recorded at cost, less impairment, and plus or minus subsequent adjustments for observable price changes.

Recently Issued Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance that a lessee should record a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases are to be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a financing lease have not significantly changed from the previous guidance. For operating leases, a lessee is required to: (1) recognize a ROU asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the balance sheet, (2) recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis; and (3) classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Seaboard will adopt this guidance on January 1, 2019, for all consolidated subsidiaries and plans to apply most practical expedients and the optional transition relief issued in July 2018 that permits the recognition and measurement of leases at the date of adoption. Therefore, Seaboard will not restate comparative period financial information for the effects of this accounting standard. While Seaboard continues its process of assessing its leases and evaluating the effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements, Seaboard expects the adoption will have a material increase in assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet due to the recording of ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities. Seaboard believes the most significant effects will relate to the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet for port and contract grower operating leases. Seaboard is in the process of implementing a new lease accounting system and evaluating its processes and internal controls. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in Seaboard’s annual report for the year ended December 31, 2017, for information about Seaboard’s lease obligations.