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Note 4 - Share-based Compensation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans [Text Block]
Note
4.
Share-Based Compensation
 
Common Stock
 
On
May 2, 2017,
pursuant to an employment agreement with the Company’s president, Dennis Calvert (see Note
9,
“Calvert Employment Agreement”), we issued Mr. Calvert
1,500,000
shares of common stock. The shares are subject to a “lock-up agreement” whereby the shares remain unvested unless and until the earlier of (i) a sale of the Company, (ii) the successful commercialization of the Company’s products or technologies as demonstrated by its receipt of at least
$3,000,000
in cash, or the recognition of
$3,000,000
in revenue, over a
12
-month period from the sale of products and/or the license of technology, and (iii) the Company’s breach of the employment agreement resulting in his termination. The Company will expense the fair value of the stock if and when it is probable that any of the conditions above are met.
 
Stock options
 
During the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2016,
we recorded an aggregate
$189,601
and
$491,440,
and during the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2017,
we recorded an aggregate
$235,671
and
$515,959,
in selling, general and administrative expense related to the issuance of stock options. We issued options through our
2007
Equity Incentive Plan and outside of our
2007
Equity Incentive Plan.
 
2007
Equity Incentive Plan
 
On
August 
7,
2007,
and as amended
April 29, 2011,
our Board of Directors adopted the BioLargo, Inc.
2007
Equity Incentive Plan (
“2007
Plan”) as a means of providing our directors, key employees and consultants additional incentive to provide services. Both stock options and stock grants
may
be made under this plan. The Board’s Compensation Committee administers this plan. The plan allows grants of common shares or options to purchase common shares. As plan administrator, the Compensation Committee has sole discretion to set the price of the options. The Compensation Committee
may
at any time amend or terminate the plan.
 
On
June 19, 2017,
the date of our annual stockholders’ meeting, we recorded the issuance of options to purchase an aggregate
40,000
shares of our common stock to the non-employee members of our Board of Directors, pursuant to the terms of the
2007
Equity Plan which calls for an annual automatic issuance. The exercise price of
$0.43
equals the price of our common stock on the grant date. The fair value of these options totaled
$15,600
and was recorded as selling, general and administrative expense.
 
On
February 10, 2017,
we extended our engagement agreement with our Chief Financial Officer. The sole consideration for the
one
-year extension was the issuance of an option to purchase
300,000
shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of
$0.69
per share which was equal to the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. The option expires
February 10, 2027,
and vests over the term of the engagement with
125,000
shares having vested as of
February 10, 2017,
and the remaining shares to vest
25,000
shares monthly beginning
March 1, 2017,
and each month thereafter, so long as his agreement is in full force and effect. The fair value of the option totaled
$
207,000
,
and during the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2017,
we recorded
$51,750
and
$155,250
of selling, general and administrative expense on our statement of operations. The balance will vest monthly through
September 
30,
2017.
 
On
June 20, 2016,
we recorded the issuance of options to purchase an aggregate
40,000
shares of our common stock to the non-employee members of our Board of Directors, pursuant to the terms of the
2007
Equity Plan which calls for an annual automatic issuance. The exercise price of
$0.45
equals the price of our common stock on the grant date. The fair value of these options totaled
$18,000
and was recorded as selling, general and administrative expense.
 
On
March 21, 2016,
our Board of Directors extended by
five
years the expiration of options to purchase
307,777
shares of our common stock issued to our Board of Directors and vendors in
March 2011.
The options were originally issued in exchange for unpaid obligations and now expire on
March 21, 2021.
The weighted-average fair value of the options resulted in additional
$119,971
of selling, general and administrative expenses.
 
Activity for our stock options under the
2007
Plan for the
six
-months ended
June 30, 2016
and
2017
is as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
Balance, June 30, 2016:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Options
 
 
Shares
 
 
Exercise
 
 
Price per
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Available
 
 
Price per share
 
 
share
 
Balances as of December 31, 2015
   
10,241,086
     
1,758,914
   
$0.23
1.89
    $
0.44
 
Granted
   
40,000
     
(40,000
)
 
 
0.45
 
     
0.45
 
Expired
   
     
   
 
 
     
 
Balance, June 30, 2016
   
10,281,086
     
1,718,914
   
$0.23
1.89
    $
0.44
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
Balance, June 30, 2017:
 
Options
 
 
Shares
 
 
Exercise
 
 
Price per
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Available
 
 
Price per share
 
 
share
 
Balances as of December 31, 2016
   
9,916,586
     
1,981,414
   
$0.23
1.89
    $
0.44
 
Granted
   
340,000
     
(340,000
)
 
 0.39
0.69
     
0.65
 
Exercised
   
     
   
 
 
     
 
Balance, June 30, 2017
   
10,256,586
     
1,641,414
   
$0.23
1.89
    $
0.44
 
 
Options issued Outside of the
2007
Equity Incentive Plan
 
During the
three
and
six
-months ended
June 30, 2017,
we issued options to purchase
237,353
and
820,879
shares of our common stock at exercise prices ranging between
$0.43
$0.67
per share to vendors and to members of our board of directors. The fair value of the options issued during the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2017,
totaled
$120,311
and
$277,074
and is recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses.
 
On
May 2, 2017,
pursuant to his employment agreement, we granted to Mr. Calvert, an option (the “Option”) to purchase
3,731,322
shares of the Company’s common stock. The Option shall be a non-qualified stock option, exercisable at
$0.45
per share, which represents the market price of the Company’s common stock as of the date of the agreement, exercisable for
ten
years from the date of grant and vesting in equal increments on the anniversary of the agreement for
five
years. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any portion of the Option which has
not
yet vested shall be immediately vested in the event of, and prior to, a change of control, as defined in the Calvert Employment Agreement. The Option contains the other terms standard in option agreements issued by the Company, including provisions for a cashless exercise. The fair value of this option totaled
$1,679,095
and will be amortized monthly through
May 2, 2022.
During the
three
months ended
June 30, 2017,
we recorded
$27,985
of selling, general and administrative expense.
 
During the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2016,
we issued options to purchase
220,554
and
484,077
shares of our common stock at exercise prices ranging between
$0.33
$0.45
per share to vendors and to members of our board of directors. During the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2016,
the fair value of these options totaled
$96,196
and
$183,159
and is recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses.
 
The fair value of the options issued prior to
2016
that vested during the
three
and
six
-months ended
June 30, 2016,
was
$75,405
and
$170,310,
and during the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2017,
was
$20,025
and
$40,050.
 
Exercise of Stock Option 
 
On
April 30, 2017,
the Company’s president, Dennis Calvert, delivered a notice of exercise of
3,866,630
shares pursuant to his stock option agreement dated
April 30, 2007.
The exercise price was
$0.18
per share, and the Company issued
2,501,937
shares, calculated by multiplying the difference between the market price of
$0.51
and the exercise price of
$0.18
with the number of shares exercised, and dividing that amount by the market price.
No
cash consideration was tendered with respect to the exercise. The remaining
3,866,629
shares available for purchase under the option agreement expired unexercised.
  
Pursuant to a “lock-up agreement” dated
April 30, 2017,
Mr. Calvert agreed to restrict the sales of the shares received until the earlier of (i) the consummation of a sale (in a single transaction or in a series of related transactions) of the Company by means of a sale of (a) a majority of the then outstanding common stock (whether by merger, consolidation, sale or transfer of common stock, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or (b) all or substantially all of its assets; and (ii) the successful commercialization of the Company’s products or technologies as demonstrated by its receipt of at least
$3,000,000
in cash, or the recognition of
$3,000,000
in revenue, over a
12
-month period from the sale of products and/or the license of technology; and (iii) the Company’s breach of the employment agreement between the Company and Calvert dated
May 2, 2017
and resulting in Calvert’s termination.
 
Activity of our stock options issued outside of the
2007
Plan for the
six
-months ended
June 30, 2016
and
2017
is as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
Balance, June 30, 2016:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Options
 
 
Exercise
 
 
Price per
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Price per share
 
 
share
 
Balance, December 31, 2015
   
19,394,975
   
$0.18
1.00
    $
0.40
 
Granted
   
484,077
   
 0.33
0.45
     
0.38
 
Exercised
   
(60,000
)
 
 
0.25
 
     
0.25
 
Balance, June 30, 2016
   
19,819,052
   
$0.18
1.00
    $
0.41
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
Balance, June 30, 2017:
 
Options
 
 
Exercise
 
 
Price per
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Price per share
 
 
share
 
Balance, December 31, 2016
   
20,148,766
   
$0.18
1.00
    $
0.43
 
Granted
   
4,552,201
   
 0.43
0.67
    $
0.47
 
Expired
   
(3,866,629
)
 
 
0.18
 
     
0.18
 
Exercised
   
(3,866,630
)
 
 
0.18
 
     
0.18
 
Balance, June 30, 2017
   
16,967,708
   
$0.18
1.00
    $
0.41
 
 
 
We recognize employee compensation expense for stock option awards on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period of the award, which is the vesting period. Share-based compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. The following methodology and assumptions were used to calculate share based compensation for the
six
-months ended
June 30:
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
Non
Plan
 
 
2007 Plan
 
 
Non
Plan
 
 
2007
Plan
 
Risk free interest rate
 
 1.77
1.91%
 
 
 1.26
1.36%
 
 
 2.29
2.40%
 
 
 2.31
2.40%
 
Expected volatility
 
 641
645%
 
 
 311
315%
 
 
 578
601%
 
 
 578
601%
 
Expected dividend yield
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Forfeiture rate
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Expected life in years
 
 
7
 
   
 
5
 
   
 
7
 
   
 
7
 
 
 
Expected price volatility is the measure by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of an option. Expected volatility is derived from the historical daily change in the market price of our common stock, as we believe that historical volatility is the best indicator of future volatility.
 
The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes calculation is based on the prevailing U.S Treasury yield as determined by the U.S. Federal Reserve. We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do
not
anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
 
Historically, we have
not
had significant forfeitures of unvested stock options granted to employees and Directors. A significant number of our stock option grants are fully vested at issuance or have short vesting provisions. Therefore, we have estimated the forfeiture rate of our outstanding stock options as zero.