Note 7 - Warrants

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2013

Warrants [Abstract]

Warrants [Text Block]

Note 7.   Warrants

We have certain warrants outstanding to purchase our common stock, at various prices, as described in the following tables:

	Number of Shares		Price Range
Outstanding as of December 31, 2011		7,280,683	0.125	–	2.00
Issued		8,158,449	0.40	–	1.00
Exercised		—	$	—
Expired		—	$	—
Outstanding as of September 30, 2012		15,439,132	0.125	–	1.00

	Number of Shares			Price Range
Outstanding as of December 31, 2012		8,390,741		0.125	–	1.00
Issued		2,603,329		0.50	–	1.00
Exercised		—		$	—
Expired		(1,275,298	)	0.50	–	1.00
Outstanding as of September 30, 2013		9,718,772		0.125	–	1.00

To determine interest expense related to our outstanding warrants issued in conjunction with debt offerings, the fair value of each award grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the calculated value is amortized over the life of the warrant. The determination of expense of warrants issued for services or settlement also uses the option-pricing model. The principal assumptions we used in applying this model were as follows:

	2012			2013
Risk free interest rate		.57	%		—
Expected volatility		489	%		—
Expected dividend yield		—			—
Forfeiture rate		—			—
Expected life in years		5			—

The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our common stock. The expected life in years is presumed to be the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term.

Warrants issued as part of our Convertible Notes

During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2013 we recorded $386,818 and $0, respectively of interest expense related to the amortization of the discount on convertible notes.

Summer 2013 Warrants

Pursuant to the terms of our Summer 2013 Offering (see Note 5), since inception in June 2013 we issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 220,000 shares of our common stock to the investors in the Offering at an exercise price of $0.30 per share. These warrants are set to expire October 15, 2015.

Winter 2013 Warrants

Pursuant to the terms of our Winter 2013 Offering (see Note 5), during 2013 we issued warrants -to purchase up to an aggregate 2,333,329 shares of our common stock to the investors in the Offering at an exercise price of $0.55 per share. These warrants are set to expire June 15, 2015.

Summer 2012 Warrants

Pursuant to the terms of our Summer 2012 Offering (see Note 5), during 2012 we issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 2,771,671 shares of our common stock to the investors in the Offering. On October 23, 2012, we amended the terms of the Summer 2012 Offering (see Note 5) by reducing the exercise price from $0.55 to $0.50 per share. These warrants are set to expire on March 31, 2014 and have an exercise price of $0.50 per share.

Winter 2012 Warrants Extension

Pursuant to the terms of our Winter 2012 Offering (see Note 5), during 2012 we issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 3,127,914 shares of our common stock to the investors in the Offering. The Winter 2012warrants were set to expire on June 30, 2013 and have an exercise price of $0.50 per share. On June 30, 2013, the expiration date of these warrants was extended by a period of one year, such that the warrants now expire on June 30, 2014. During the nine-month period ended June 30, 2013 we recorded $233,000 of interest expense related to the fair value of the one-year extension for our Winter 2012 Warrants.

Fall 2011 Warrants

From the inception of our Fall 2011 Offering in September 2011 through March 31, 2012, we issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 1,335,201 shares of our common stock to the purchaser of stock in our Fall 2011 Offering. These warrants were set to expire on December 31, 2012 and have an exercise price of $0.50 per share. On December 27, 2012, the expiration date of these warrants was extended by a period of one year, such that the warrants now expire on December 31, 2013. The fair value of the extension was an aggregate $102,852 and was recorded as interest expense upon issuance.

Spring 2010 Warrants

From the inception of our Spring 2010 Offering on January 15, 2010, through its termination in July 2010, we issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 1,527,842 shares of our common stock to purchasers of our Spring 2010 Notes, consisting of Spring 2010 Eighteen Month Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 763,235 shares which were initially set to expire July 15, 2011, at an exercise price of $0.75 per share, and Spring 2010 Thirty-Six Month Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 763,235 shares which expire January 15, 2013, at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. On December 27, 2012, the expiration date of the Spring 2010 Three-Year Warrant was extended from the January 15, 2013 expiration of the investor’s stock purchase warrant by a period of one year, such that the warrants now expire on January 15, 2014.

Spring 2010 Warrant Extension

On July 15, 2011, the expiration date of the Spring 2010 Eighteen Month Warrant was extended nine months from July 15, 2011 to January 15, 2012. The fair value of the extension was an aggregate $57,089 and was expensed ratably through the expiration period of January 15, 2012. This warrant expired January 15, 2012, unexercised.

Spring 2009 Warrants

From April 2009 through November 2009, we issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 2,477,870 shares of our common stock to purchasers of our Spring 2009 Notes, consisting of Spring 2009 One-Year Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 1,238,935 shares which were originally scheduled to expire June 1, 2010, and were extended to December 1, 2010, at an exercise price of $0.75 per share, and Spring 2009 Three-Year Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 1,238,935 shares which were set to expire June 1, 2012, at an exercise price of $1.00 per share.

On June 1, 2012, we extended by nine months the expiration date of the Spring 2009 Three-Year Warrants to March 1, 2013. The fair value of the extension was an aggregate $95,885 and was recorded as interest expense upon issuance. The Spring 2009 One-Year Warrants expired unexercised on December 1, 2010, and the Spring 2009 Three-Year Warrants expired unexercised on March 1, 2013.

Fall 2008 Warrants

 Pursuant to the terms of the Fall 2008 Notes, we issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 2,892,000 shares of our common stock to purchasers of our Fall 2008 Notes, consisting of Fall 2008 One-Year Warrants to purchase an aggregate 1,446,000 shares which expired October 15, 2009, at an exercise price of $0.75 per share (initially issued at $1.00 per share), and Fall 2008 Three-Year Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 1,446,000 shares which expired on October 15, 2011, at an exercise price of $1.00 per share (initially issued at $2.00 per share). The expiration date of the Fall 2008 Three-Year Warrants was extended from October 15, 2011 to October 15, 2012.

On September 28, 2011, we extended the expiration date of the Fall 2008 Three-year Warrant by one year from October 15, 2011 to October 15, 2012 resulting in a fair value of $180,172. Of this amount, $30,029 was expensed during 2011 and the remaining $150,143 was recorded as interest expense during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012.

Other Warrants

On December 28, 2012, the noteholder of our note payable (see Note 11) agreed to extend the maturity date of the note by a period of one year to December 3, 2013. As consideration for the extension, we issued a warrant to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at $0.50 cents per share, resulting in a fair value of $6,805 recorded as interest expense.  The warrant is exercisable until June 3, 2014.

On July 23, 2012, we issued a warrant to a consultant for services provided to purchase up to an aggregate 250,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.40 per share, resulting in a fair value of $67,500, of which $62,100 was recorded as selling, general and administrative expense during the year ended December 31, 2012 and the remaining was expensed in 2013. The warrant expires July 23, 2017.