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CAPITAL STOCK
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of share capital, reserves and other equity interest [Abstract]  
CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCK
Authorized
The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares without par value.
Class “A” preferred shares, issuable in series, rank in priority to the common shares with respect to dividends and return of capital on dissolution. The Board of Directors is authorized to fix, before issuance, the designation, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attached to the shares of each series. No Class A preferred shares have been issued.
Common Shares
The Company’s common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, were 59,027,047 and 59,009,685, respectively.
Dividends
Cash dividends paid to shareholders are as follows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020:
Declared DatePaid datePer common
share
amount		Shareholder
record date		Common
shares issued
and
outstanding
Aggregate
payment (1)
March 7, 2018March 30, 2018$0.14 March 20, 201858,807,410$8,333 
May 9, 2018June 29, 2018$0.14 June 15, 201858,817,410$8,140 
August 10, 2018September 28, 2018$0.14 September 14, 201858,817,410$8,214 
November 7, 2018December 28, 2018$0.14 December 14, 201858,867,410$8,089 
March 12, 2019March 29, 2019$0.14 March 22, 201958,665,310$8,189 
May 8, 2019June 28, 2019$0.14 June 14, 201958,877,185$8,352 
August 7, 2019September 30, 2019$0.1475 September 16, 201958,877,185$8,709 
November 8, 2019December 30, 2019$0.1475 December 16, 201958,939,685$8,742 
March 12, 2020March 31, 2020$0.1475 March 23, 202059,009,685$8,807 
May 12, 2020June 30, 2020$0.1475 June 15, 202059,009,685$8,651 
August 12, 2020September 30, 2020$0.1475 September 15, 202059,009,685$8,574 
November 11, 2020December 31, 2020$0.1575 December 16, 202059,019,546$9,354 
(1)Aggregate dividend payment amounts presented in the table above are adjusted for the impact of foreign exchange rates on cash payments to shareholders.
Share Repurchases
On July 23, 2020, the Company renewed its normal course issuer bid ("NCIB"), under which it is permitted to repurchase for cancellation up to 4,000,000 common shares of the Company at prevailing market prices during the twelve-month period ending July 22, 2021. As of December 31, 2020 and March 11, 2021, 4,000,000 shares remained available for repurchase under the NCIB. The Company's two previous NCIBs, which each allowed repurchases for cancellation up to 4,000,000 common shares, expired on July 22, 2020 and July 22, 2019, respectively. There were no share repurchases during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Information regarding share repurchases during the year ended December 31, 2018 is presented in the table below as of:
 December 31,
2018
Common shares repurchased217,100 
Average price per common share including commissionsCDN$ 16.02
Carrying value of the common shares repurchased$1,296 
Share repurchase premium (1)
$1,263 
Total purchase price including commissions$2,559 
(1)The excess of the purchase price paid over the carrying value of the common shares repurchased is recorded in deficit in the consolidated balance sheet and in the statement of consolidated changes in equity.
Stock options
The Company's prior Executive Stock Option Plan ("ESOP"), which was adopted in 1992 and last ratified on June 4, 2015, elapsed on June 4, 2018. In accordance with the TSX rules, no further grants of stock options have been made under the prior ESOP since June 4, 2018. On March 12, 2019, the Board of Directors adopted a new Executive Stock Option Plan ("2019 ESOP") and on June 6, 2019, shareholders approved the 2019 ESOP at the Company's Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
2019 ESOP (approved on June 6, 2019)
Stock options outstanding under the 2019 ESOP are equity-settled and expire no later than ten years after the date of the grant and can be used only to purchase stock and may not be redeemed for cash. Stock options may be granted only to employees and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries and will vest based on the vesting schedule determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors. All stock options that have been granted under the 2019 ESOP vest one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.
Prior ESOP (elapsed on June 4, 2018)
Stock options outstanding under the prior ESOP are equity-settled and expire no later than ten years after the date of the grant and can be used only to purchase stock and may not be redeemed for cash. Stock options granted to key employees and executives vest one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. Stock options granted to directors who are not officers of the Company vest 25% on the grant date and 25% on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.
All stock options granted, under both plans described above, were granted at a price determined and approved by the Board of Directors, which cannot be less than the closing price of the Company's common shares on the TSX for the day immediately preceding the effective date of the grant.
The changes in number of stock options outstanding were as follows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020:
 202020192018
 Weighted
average
exercise
price		Number of
options		Weighted
average
exercise
price		Number of
options		Weighted
average
exercise
price		Number of
options
 CDN$ CDN$ CDN$ 
Balance, beginning of year16.49 1,010,901 14.59 1,009,793 12.29 834,375 
Granted7.94 1,533,183 17.54 392,986 21.76 242,918 
Exercised19.94 (17,362)12.34 (359,375)12.04 (67,500)
Forfeited12.34 (77,500)15.85 (32,503)— — 
Balance, end of year11.25 2,449,222 16.49 1,010,901 14.59 1,009,793 

Shares issued upon exercise of stock options during 2020, 2019 and 2018 had a weighted average fair value per share at exercise of $20.11, $13.06 and $14.19, respectively.
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020:
 Options outstandingOptions exercisable
Range of exercise prices (CDN$)NumberWeighted
average
contractual
life (years)		Weighted
average
exercise price		NumberWeighted
average
exercise price
  CDN$ CDN$
December 31, 2020
$7.941,533,183 6.767.94 — — 
$12.04 to $12.55
320,000 2.8212.30 320,000 12.30 
$17.54362,982 5.6717.54 115,994 17.54 
$21.76233,057 4.7121.76 152,084 21.76 
2,449,222 5.8911.25 588,078 15.78 
December 31, 2019
$12.04 to $12.55
397,500 3.1312.30 397,500 12.30 
$17.54
370,483 6.6217.54 — — 
$21.76242,918 5.6121.76 80,973 21.76 
1,010,901 5.0116.49 478,473 13.90 
December 31, 2018
$12.04 to $12.14
386,250 2.1812.05 386,250 12.05 
$12.55 to $14.34
380,625 2.8812.59 380,625 12.59 
$21.76242,918 6.6121.76 — — 
1,009,793 3.5114.59 766,875 12.32 
The weighted average fair value of stock options granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table summarizes information about the weighted average fair value of stock options granted during each of the years in the three-year period ending December 31, 2020, including the weighted average assumptions used in the model:
December 31, 2020December 31, 2019December 31, 2018
Weighted average fair value of stock options granted$0.44$2.21$3.65
Weighted average model assumptions:
Expected life5.5 years4.9 years4.8 years
Expected volatility (1)
34.18 %29.79 %32.09 %
Risk-free interest rate0.75 %1.44 %2.05 %
Expected dividends10.79 %4.27 %3.30 %
Stock price at grant dateCDN$ 7.94CDN$ 17.54CDN$ 21.76
Exercise price of awardsCDN$ 7.94CDN$ 17.54CDN$ 21.76
Foreign exchange rate USD to CDN1.45261.33801.2809
(1)Expected volatility was calculated by applying a weighted average of the daily closing price on the TSX for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant.
Restricted Share Units
On March 7, 2018, the Board of Directors approved the addition of RSUs as an available cash-settled award type. A RSU is a right to receive a cash payment equal to the five trading days VWAP of the Company’s common shares on the TSX immediately preceding a date specified in the grant terms after completion of time-based vesting conditions. The purpose of a RSU is to tie a portion of the value of the compensation of participants to the future value of the Company's common shares. Grants of RSUs to employees of the Company are on a discretionary basis and subject to the Board of Directors’ approval. RSUs accrue dividend equivalents which are paid in cash at the end of the vesting period. A dividend equivalent is calculated as the number of settled RSUs multiplied by the amount of cash dividends per share declared and paid by the Company between the date of grant and the settlement date.
The following table summarizes information about RSUs for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020:
202020192018
RSUs granted281,326 120,197 113,047 
Weighted average fair value per RSU granted$6.07 $13.74 $16.29 
 RSUs forfeited8,643 7,412 1,228 
The following table summarizes information about RSUs outstanding as of:
December 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
RSUs outstanding497,287 224,604 
Weighted average fair value per RSU outstanding$18.91 $12.67 
Performance Share Units

A PSU is a right that has a value equal to the five trading days VWAP of the Company's common shares on the TSX immediately preceding a date specified in the grant terms. The purpose of a PSU is to tie a portion of the value of the compensation of participants to the future value of the Company's common shares. Grants of PSUs to employees of the Company are on a discretionary basis and subject to the Board of Directors’ approval. PSUs accrue dividend equivalents which are paid in cash at the settlement date. A dividend equivalent is calculated as the number of settled PSUs multiplied by the amount of cash dividends per share declared and paid by the Company between the date of grant and the settlement date.
Grant details for PSUs granted prior to December 31, 2017:

The number of PSUs granted prior to December 31, 2017 that will be eligible to vest can range from 0% to 150% of the Target Shares ("Target Shares" reflects 100% of the PSUs granted) based on the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") ranking relative to a specified peer group of companies (the "Peer Group") over the measurement period as outlined in the table below:
TSR Ranking Relative to the Peer GroupPercent of Target Shares Vested
76th percentile or higher150 %
51st-75th percentile100 %
25th-50th percentile 50 %
Less than the 25th percentile 0 %

The performance and vesting period is the period from the date of grant through the third anniversary of the date of grant. The PSUs are expensed over the vesting period.

On August 7, 2019, the Board of Directors amended the terms of the PSU awards granted in 2017 only to modify the performance adjustment factor specific to the TSR ranking relative to the Peer Group over the performance measurement period. The amendment was intended to align the performance adjustment factors with the market practice of interpolating as well as the recent practice of the Company. As amended, the TSR performance adjustment factor is determined as follows (interpolated on a straight-line basis):
TSR Ranking Relative to the Peer GroupPercent of Target Shares Vested
75th percentile or above150 %
50th percentile100 %
25th percentile50 %
Less than the 25th percentile 0 %
Grant details for PSUs granted subsequent to December 31, 2017 and prior to December 31, 2019:
The number of PSUs granted subsequent to December 31, 2017 that will be eligible to vest can range from 0% to 175% of the Target Shares as determined by multiplying the number of PSUs awarded by the adjustment factors as follows:
•50% based on the Company's TSR ranking relative to the Peer Group over the measurement period as set out in the table below; and
•50% based on the Company's average return on invested capital over the measurement period as compared to internally developed thresholds (the “ROIC Performance”) as set out in the table below.
Grant details for PSUs granted subsequent to December 31, 2019:
The number of PSUs granted subsequent to December 31, 2019 that will be eligible to vest can range from 0% to 175% of the Target Shares as determined by multiplying the number of PSUs awarded by the adjustment factors as follows:
•25% based on the Company's TSR ranking relative to the S&P North America SmallCap Materials (Industry Group) Index (the "Index Group") over the measurement period as set out in the table below;
•25% based on the Company's TSR ranking relative to the Peer Group over the measurement period as set out in the table below; and
•50% based on the Company's ROIC Performance as set out in the table below.
The relative TSR performance adjustment factor is determined as follows:
TSR Ranking Relative to the Index Group/Peer GroupPercent of Target Shares Vested
90th percentile or higher 200 %
75th percentile150 %
50th percentile100 %
25th percentile 50 %
Less than the 25th percentile 0 %
The ROIC Performance adjustment factor is determined as follows:
ROIC Performance Percent of Target Shares Vested
1st Tier0 %
2nd Tier50 %
3rd Tier100 %
4th Tier150 %
The TSR performance and ROIC Performance adjustment factors between the numbers set out in the two tables above are interpolated on a straight-line basis.
The performance period is the period from January 1st in the year of grant through December 31st of the third calendar year following the date of grant. The PSUs are expensed over the vesting period beginning from the date of grant through February 15th of the fourth calendar year following the date of grant.
The following table summarizes information about PSUs for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020:
 202020192018
PSUs granted 694,777 291,905 284,571 
Weighted average fair value per PSU granted$5.59 $14.28 $17.84 
PSUs forfeited/cancelled25,923 23,739 16,053 
PSUs cancelled by performance factor (1)
346,887 401,319 2,125 
PSUs settled— — 335,465 
Weighted average fair value per PSU settled$— $— $15.87 
Cash payment on settlement$— $— $5,863 
(1)The table below provides further information regarding the PSUs settled included in the table above. The number of PSUs settled reflects the performance adjustments to the Target Shares:
Grant DateDate SettledTarget SharesPerformancePSUs settled
March 14, 2015March 21, 2018217,860 100 %217,860 
May 14, 2015May 22, 2018115,480 100 %115,480 
May 20, 2015May 28, 20184,250 50 %2,125 
March 21, 2016March 21, 2019371,158 — %— 
December 20, 2016December 20, 201930,161 — %— 
March 20, 2017March 20, 2020346,887 — %— 
The weighted average fair value of PSUs granted in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020 were based 50% on the VWAP of the Company's common shares on the TSX for the five trading days immediately preceding the grant date and 50% based on a Monte Carlo simulation model implemented in a risk-neutral framework considering the assumptions presented in the following table:
 202020192018
5 day VWAP at grant dateCDN$ 8.63CDN$ 18.31CDN$ 21.22
Monte Carlo simulation model assumptions:
Expected life3 years3 years3 years
Expected volatility (1)
36 %25 %30 %
US risk-free interest rate0.3 %2.36 %2.43 %
Canadian risk-free rate0.59 %1.6 %1.96 %
Expected dividends (2)
CDN$ 0.00CDN$ 0.00CDN$ 0.00
Performance period starting price (3)
CDN$ 16.25CDN$ 16.36CDN$ 21.13
Stock price as of estimation date CDN$ 7.24CDN$ 18.06CDN$ 20.59

(1)Expected volatility was calculated based on the daily dividend adjusted closing price change on the TSX for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant.
(2)A participant will receive a cash payment from the Company upon PSU settlement that is equivalent to the number of settled PSUs multiplied by the amount of cash dividends per share declared and paid by the Company between the date of grant and the settlement date. As such, there is no impact from expected future dividends in the Monte Carlo simulation model.
(3)The performance period starting price is measured as the VWAP for the common shares of the Company on the TSX on the grant date.
The following table summarizes information about PSUs outstanding as of:
December 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
PSUs outstanding1,223,053 901,086 
Weighted average fair value per PSU outstanding$28.53 $8.09 
Based on the Company’s performance adjustment factors as of December 31, 2020, the number of PSUs earned if all of the outstanding awards were to be settled at December 31, 2020, would be as follows:
Grant DatePerformance
March 21, 2018155.7 %
March 21, 2019138.2 %
March 23, 2020168.7 %
Deferred Share Unit Plan
DSUs are granted to non-executive directors as a result of an annual grant, in lieu of dividends and/or in lieu of cash for semi-annual directors’ fees and must be retained until the director leaves the Company’s Board of Directors. The purpose of a DSU is to tie a portion of the value of the compensation of non-executive directors to the future value of the Company's common shares. A DSU is a right that has a value equal to the five trading days VWAP of the Company's common shares on the TSX immediately preceding a date specified in the grant terms.
The following table summarizes information about DSUs for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020:
202020192018
DSUs granted115,114 72,434 69,234 
Weighted average fair value per DSU granted$10.26 $13.83 $14.75 
 DSUs settled— — 37,668 
Weighted average fair value per DSU settled$— $— $14.50 
Cash payments on DSUs settled$— $— $546 
The following table summarizes information about DSUs outstanding as of:
December 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
DSUs outstanding386,541 271,427 
Weighted average fair value per DSU outstanding$18.91 $12.67 
Stock Appreciation Rights
SAR awards are for directors, executives and other designated employees of the Company. A SAR is a right to receive a cash payment equal to the difference between the base price of the SAR and the market value of a common share of the Company on the TSX on the date of exercise. SARs are settled only in cash and expire no later than ten years after the date of the grant. All SARs are granted at a price determined and approved by the Board of Directors, which is the closing price of the common shares of the Company on the TSX on the trading day immediately preceding the day on which a SAR is granted. SARs granted to employees and executives will vest and may be exercisable 25% per year over four years. SARs granted to directors who are not officers of the Company will vest and may be exercisable 25% on the grant date, and a further 25% will vest and may be exercisable per year over three years. SARs were granted only in 2012 with a base price of CDN$7.56.
There were no SARs outstanding as of and since December 31, 2018. The SAR Plan was terminated in 2020.
The following table summarizes information regarding SARs activity for the year ended December 31, 2018:
2018
SARs exercised147,500 
Cash payments on exercise$1,481 

Summary of Share-based Compensation Expense and Share-based Compensation Liabilities
The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense (benefit) recorded in earnings in SG&A for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020:
202020192018
$$$
Stock options738 701 467 
PSUs14,829 (2,057)866 
DSUs3,819 914 230 
RSUs3,493 943 448 
SARs— — (97)
22,879 501 1,914 
The following table summarizes share-based liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheets for the years ended:
December 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
Share-based compensation liabilities, current$$
PSUs (1)
8,446 1,291 
DSUs (2)
7,354 

3,457 
RSUs1,969 200 
17,769 4,948 
Share-based compensation liabilities, non-current
PSUs (1)
10,743 3,055 
RSUs2,921 1,192 
13,664 4,247 

(1)     Includes dividend equivalents accrued on awards.
(2)    Includes dividend equivalent grants.

Change in Contributed Surplus
The following table summarizes the activity in the consolidated changes in equity under the caption contributed surplus for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020:
202020192018
 $$$
Change in excess tax benefit on exercised share-based awards— (38)(7)
Change in excess tax benefit on outstanding share-based awards5,306 21 (737)
Share-based compensation expense credited to capital on options exercised(50)(976)(179)
Share-based compensation expense for stock options738 701 467 
Increase (decrease) in contributed surplus5,994 (292)(456)