CAPITAL STOCK

Authorized

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares without par value.

Class “A” preferred shares, issuable in series, rank in priority to the common shares with respect to dividends and return of capital on dissolution. The Board of Directors is authorized to fix, before issuance, the designation, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attached to the shares of each series. No Class A preferred shares have been issued.

Common Shares

The Company’s common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, were 58,650,310 and 58,799,910, respectively.

Dividends

Cash dividends paid are as follows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018:



Declared Date	Paid date	Per common share amount		Shareholder record date	Common shares issued and outstanding	Aggregate payment ⁽¹⁾
March 9, 2016	March 31, 2016	$	0.13	March 21, 2016	58,522,835	$	7,509
May 9, 2016	June 30, 2016	$	0.13	June 15, 2016	58,602,835	$	7,574
August 10, 2016	September 30, 2016	$	0.14	September 15, 2016	58,621,585	$	8,235
November 10, 2016	December 30, 2016	$	0.14	December 15, 2016	59,060,335	$	8,047
March 8, 2017	March 31, 2017	$	0.14	March 21, 2017	59,110,335	$	8,316
May 8, 2017	June 30, 2017	$	0.14	June 15, 2017	59,169,710	$	8,365
August 10, 2017	September 29, 2017	$	0.14	September 15, 2017	59,036,310	$	8,150
November 10, 2017	December 29, 2017	$	0.14	December 15, 2017	58,799,910	$	8,368
March 7, 2018	March 30, 2018	$	0.14	March 20, 2018	58,807,410	$	8,333
May 9, 2018	June 29, 2018	$	0.14	June 15, 2018	58,817,410	$	8,140
August 10, 2018	September 28, 2018	$	0.14	September 14, 2018	58,817,410	$	8,214
November 7, 2018	December 28, 2018	$	0.14	December 14, 2018	58,867,410	$	8,089


⁽¹⁾	Aggregate dividend payment amounts presented in the table above are adjusted for the impact of foreign exchange rates on cash payments to shareholders.

Share Repurchases

On July 23, 2018, the Company renewed its NCIB, under which it is permitted to repurchase for cancellation up to 4,000,000 common shares of the Company at prevailing market prices during the twelve-month period ending July 22, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, and March 12, 2019, 3,782,900 shares remained available for repurchase under the NCIB. The Company's two previous NCIBs, which each allowed repurchases for cancellation up to 4,000,000 common shares, expired on July 16, 2018 and July 13, 2017, respectively.

Information regarding share repurchases is presented in the table below as of:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Common shares repurchased	217,100		487,300
Average price per common share including commissions	CDN$ 16.02		CDN$ 18.88
Carrying value of the common shares repurchased	$	1,296	$	2,898
Share repurchase premium ⁽¹⁾	$	1,263	$	4,553
Total purchase price including commissions	$	2,559	$	7,451


⁽¹⁾	The excess of the purchase price paid over the carrying value of the common shares repurchased is recorded in deficit in the consolidated balance sheet and in the statement of consolidated changes in equity.

Stock options

In accordance with the TSX rules, no further grants of stock options have been made under the Company's Executive Stock Option Plan ("ESOP") since June 4, 2018, the date on which the ESOP has elapsed. Stock options outstanding under the ESOP are equity-settled and expire no later than ten years after the date of the grant and can be used only to purchase stock and may not be redeemed for cash. Stock options granted to key employees and executives will vest and may be exercisable as to one-third on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant. Stock options granted to directors who are not officers of the Company will vest and may be exercisable 25% on the grant date, with another 25% vesting and exercisable on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.

All stock options were granted at a price determined and approved by the Board of Directors, which cannot be less than the closing price of the Company's common shares on the TSX for the day immediately preceding the effective date of the grant.

The changes in number of stock options outstanding were as follows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018:



	2018			2017			2016
	Weighted average exercise price	Number of options		Weighted average exercise price	Number of options		Weighted average exercise price	Number of options
	CDN$			CDN$			CDN$
Balance, beginning of year	12.29	834,375		11.38	1,061,250		8.78	1,617,500
Granted	21.76	242,918		—	—		—	—
Exercised	12.04	(67,500	)	8.00	(226,875	)	3.56	(540,000	)
Forfeited	—	—		—	—		12.35	(16,250	)
Balance, end of year	14.59	1,009,793		12.29	834,375		11.38	1,061,250

The weighted average fair value at exercise of stock options exercised during 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $14.19, $17.94 and $17.84, respectively.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018:



	Options outstanding			Options exercisable
Range of exercise prices	Number	Weighted average contractual life (years)	Weighted average exercise price	Number	Weighted average exercise price
			CDN$		CDN$
December 31, 2018
$12.04 to $12.14	386,250	2.18	12.05	386,250	12.05
$12.55 to $14.34	380,625	2.88	12.59	380,625	12.59
$21.76	242,918	6.61	21.76	—	—
	1,009,793	3.51	14.59	766,875	12.32

December 31, 2017
$12.04 to $12.14	453,750	2.92	12.05	443,125	12.05
$12.55 to $14.34	380,625	3.88	12.58	278,125	12.60
	834,375	3.36	12.29	721,250	12.26

December 31, 2016
$1.55 to $1.80	90,000	0.47	1.73	90,000	1.73
$12.04 to $14.34	971,250	4.53	12.27	602,500	12.20
	1,061,250	4.18	11.38	692,500	10.84

The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during 2018 was $3.65 and was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, taking into account the following weighted average assumptions:



	December 31, 2018
Expected life	4.8 years
Expected volatility⁽¹⁾	32.09	%
Risk-free interest rate	2.05	%
Expected dividends	3.30	%
Stock price at grant date	CDN$ 21.76
Exercise price of awards	CDN$ 21.76
Foreign exchange rate USD to CDN	1.2809


⁽¹⁾	Expected volatility was calculated by applying a weighted average of the daily closing price on the TSX for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant.

Restricted Share Units

On March 7, 2018, the Board of Directors approved the addition of RSUs as an available cash-settled award type. A RSU is a right to receive a cash payment equal to the five trading days VWAP of the Company’s common shares on the TSX upon completion of time-based vesting conditions. The purpose of a RSU is to tie a portion of the value of the compensation of participants to the future value of the Company's common shares. Grants of RSUs to employees of the Company are on a discretionary basis and subject to the Board of Directors’ approval. RSUs accrue dividend equivalents which are paid in cash at the end of the vesting period. A dividend equivalent is calculated as the number of settled RSUs multiplied by the amount of cash dividends per share declared by the Company between the date of grant and the settlement date.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, 113,047 RSUs were granted at a weighted average fair value of $16.29 and 1,228 RSUs were forfeited. As of December 31, 2018, there were 111,819 RSUs outstanding at a weighted average fair value of $12.18.

Performance Share Units

A PSU is a right that has a value equal to the VWAP of the Company's common shares, as published by the TSX, for the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding a date specified in the grant terms. The purpose of a PSU plan is to tie a portion of the value of the compensation of participants to the future value of the Company's common shares. Grants of PSUs to employees of the Company are on a discretionary basis and subject to the Board of Directors’ approval. PSUs accrue dividend equivalents which are paid in cash at the end of the vesting period. A dividend equivalent is calculated as the number of settled PSUs multiplied by the amount of cash dividends per share declared by the Company between the date of grant and the settlement date.

Grant details for PSUs granted prior to December 31, 2017:

The number of PSUs granted prior to December 31, 2017 which will be eligible to vest can range from 0% to 150% of the Target Shares ("Target Shares" reflects 100% of the PSUs granted) based on the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") ranking relative to a specified peer group of companies ("Peer Group") over the measurement period as outlined in the table below:



TSR Ranking Relative to the Peer Group	Percent of Target Shares Vested
76th percentile or higher	150	%
51st-75th percentile	100	%
25th-50th percentile	50	%
Less than the 25th percentile	0	%

The performance and vesting period is the period from the date of grant through the third anniversary of the date of grant. The PSUs are expensed over the vesting period.

Grant details for PSUs granted subsequent to December 31, 2017:

The number of PSUs granted subsequent to December 31, 2017 which will be eligible to vest can range from 0% to 175% of the Target Shares as determined by multiplying the number of PSUs awarded by the adjustment factors as follows:


•	50% based on the Company's TSR ranking relative to the Peer Group over the measurement period as set out in the table below; and


•	50% based on the Company's average return on invested capital over the measurement period as compared to internally developed thresholds (the “ROIC Performance”) as set out in the table below.

The relative TSR performance adjustment factor is determined as follows:



TSR Ranking Relative to the Peer Group	Percent of Target Shares Vested
90th percentile or higher	200	%
75th percentile	150	%
50th percentile	100	%
25th percentile	50	%
Less than the 25th percentile	0	%

The ROIC Performance adjustment factor is determined as follows:



ROIC Performance	Percent of Target Shares Vested
1st Tier	0	%
2nd Tier	50	%
3rd Tier	100	%
4th Tier	150	%

The TSR performance and ROIC Performance adjustment factors between the numbers set out in the two tables above is interpolated on a straight-line basis.

The performance period is the period from January 1st in the year of grant through December 31st of the third calendar year following the date of grant. The PSUs are expensed over the vesting period beginning from the date of grant through February 15th of the fourth calendar year following the date of grant.

The following table summarizes information about PSUs for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018:



	2018			2017		2016
PSUs granted	284,571			358,386		422,733
Weighted average fair value per PSU granted	$	17.84		$	16.15	$	13.85
PSUs forfeited/cancelled	16,053			7,952		28,696
PSUs added/(cancelled) by performance factor ⁽¹⁾	(2,125		)	69,600		—
PSUs settled	335,465			208,800		—
Weighted average fair value per PSU settled	$	15.87		$	18.49	$	—
Cash payment on settlement	$	5,863		$	4,174	$	—


⁽¹⁾	The table below provides further information regarding the PSUs settled included in the table above. The number of PSUs settled reflects the performance adjustments to the Target Shares:



Grant Date	Date Settled	Target Shares	Performance		PSUs settled
June 11, 2014	June 22, 2017	139,200	150	%	208,800
March 14, 2015	March 21, 2018	217,860	100	%	217,860
May 14, 2015	May 22, 2018	115,480	100	%	115,480
May 20, 2015	May 28, 2018	4,250	50	%	2,125

The weighted average fair value of PSUs granted subsequent to December 31, 2017 was based 50% on the VWAP of the Company's common shares on the TSX for the five trading days preceding the grant date (CDN$21.22) and 50% based on a Monte Carlo simulation model implemented in a risk-neutral framework considering the following assumptions:



	2018
Expected life	3 years
Expected volatility ⁽¹⁾	30	%
US risk-free interest rate	2.43	%
Canadian risk-free rate	1.96	%
Expected dividends⁽²⁾	CDN$ 0.00
Performance period starting price ⁽³⁾	CDN$ 21.13
Stock price as of estimation date	CDN$ 20.59

The weighted average fair value of PSUs granted prior to December 31, 2017 was estimated based on a Monte Carlo simulation model implemented in a risk-neutral framework, taking into account the following weighted average assumptions for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2017:



	2017		2016
Expected life	3 years		3 years
Expected volatility ⁽¹⁾	34	%	36	%
US risk-free interest rate	1.57	%	1.09	%
Expected dividends ⁽²⁾	CDN$ 0.00		CDN$ 0.00
Performance period starting price ⁽³⁾	CDN$ 22.26		CDN$ 18.89
Stock price as of estimation date	CDN$ 21.94		CDN$ 18.90


⁽¹⁾	Expected volatility was calculated based on the daily dividend adjusted closing price change on the TSX for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant.


⁽²⁾	A participant will receive a cash payment from the Company upon PSU settlement that is equivalent to the number of settled PSUs multiplied by the amount of cash dividends per share declared by the Company between the date of grant and the settlement date. As such, there is no impact from expected future dividends in the Monte Carlo simulation model.


⁽³⁾	The performance period starting price is measured as the VWAP for the common shares of the Company on the TSX on the grant dates.

The following table summarizes information about PSUs outstanding as of:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
PSUs outstanding	1,034,239		1,103,311
Weighted average fair value per PSU outstanding	$	9.49	$	14.14

Based on the Company’s performance adjustment factors as of December 31, 2018, the number of PSUs earned if all of the outstanding awards were to be settled at December 31, 2018, would be as follows:



Grant Date	Performance
March 21, 2016	50	%
December 20, 2016	—	%
March 20, 2017	50	%
March 21, 2018	113	%

Deferred Share Unit Plan

DSUs are granted to non-executive directors as a result of a grant, in lieu of dividends and/or in lieu of cash for semi-annual directors’ fee and must be retained until the director leaves the Company’s Board of Directors. The purpose of the DSU plan is to tie a portion of the value of the compensation of non-executive directors to the future value of the Company's common shares. A DSU is a right that has a value equal to the VWAP of the Company's common shares as published by the TSX, for the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding a date specified in the grant terms.

The following table summarizes information about DSUs for the three-year period ended December 31, 2018:



	2018		2017		2016
DSUs granted	69,234		48,179		52,665
Weighted average fair value per DSU granted	$	14.75	$	17.79	$	16.76
DSUs settled	37,668		—		—
Weighted average fair value per DSU settled	$	14.50	$	—	$	—
Cash payments on DSUs settled	$	546	$	—	$	—

The following table summarizes information about DSUs outstanding as of:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
DSUs outstanding	198,993		167,427
Weighted average fair value per DSU outstanding	$	12.18	$	16.91

Stock Appreciation Rights

SAR awards are for directors, executives and other designated employees of the Company. A SAR is a right to receive a cash payment equal to the difference between the base price of the SAR and the market value of a common share of the Company on the TSX on the date of exercise. SARs can be settled only in cash and expire no later than ten years after the date of the grant. All SARs are granted at a price determined and approved by the Board of Directors, which is the closing price of the common shares of the Company on the TSX on the trading day immediately preceding the day on which a SAR is granted. The base price for all SARs issued and outstanding for all periods presented is CDN$7.56. SARs granted to employees and executives will vest and may be exercisable 25% per year over four years. SARs granted to directors who are not officers of the Company will vest and may be exercisable 25% on the grant date, and a further 25% will vest and may be exercisable per year over three years.

There were no SARs granted during the three-year period ended December 31, 2018 and there were no SARs outstanding as of December 31, 2018.

The following table summarizes information regarding SARs activity for three-year period ended December 31, 2018:



	2018		2017		2016
SARs exercised ⁽¹⁾	147,500		13,250		422,202
Cash payments on exercise	$	1,481	$	155	$	4,017	⁽²⁾

⁽¹⁾ Base price of SARs exercised was CDN$7.56.

⁽²⁾ Includes awards exercised but not yet paid.

The following table summarizes information regarding SARs outstanding as of:



	December 31, 2017
SARs outstanding	147,500
Weighted average fair value per SARs outstanding	$	10.85
Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding vested awards	$	1,634

Summary of Share-based Compensation Expense and Share-based Compensation Liabilities

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense (benefit) recorded in earnings in SG&A for three-year period ended December 31, 2018:



	2018		2017		2016
	$		$		$
Stock options	467		167		427
PSUs	866		2,903		4,369
DSUs	230		512		884
RSUs	448		—		—
SARs	(97	)	(291	)	2,521
	1,914		3,291		8,201

The following table summarizes share-based liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheets for the years ended:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Share-based compensation liabilities, current	$		$
PSUs ⁽¹⁾	2,563		5,709
DSUs	2,417	⁽²⁾	2,956	⁽³⁾
SARs	—		1,600
RSUs ⁽¹⁾	86		—
	5,066		10,265

Share-based compensation liabilities, non-current
PSUs⁽¹⁾	3,764		4,984
RSUs ⁽¹⁾	361		—
	4,125		4,984

⁽¹⁾ Includes dividend equivalents accrued on awards.

⁽²⁾ Includes dividend equivalent grants.

⁽³⁾ Includes effect of DSUs received in lieu of cash for directors' fees not yet granted.

Change in Contributed Surplus

The activity for the three-year period ended December 31, 2018 in the consolidated changes in equity under the caption contributed surplus is detailed as follows:



	2018		2017		2016
	$		$		$
Change in excess tax benefit on exercised share-based awards	(7	)	(597	)	(2,693	)
Change in excess tax benefit on outstanding share-based awards	(737	)	(3,135	)	4,302
Share-based compensation expense credited to capital on options exercised	(179	)	(495	)	(595	)
Share-based compensation expense
Stock options	467		167		427
DSUs	—		(1,935	)	885
PSUs	—		(6,060	)	3,961
	467		(7,828	)	5,273
Change in contributed surplus	(456	)	(12,055	)	6,287