10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             .

Commission File No: 001-34466

 

 

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Pennsylvania   25-1119571

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

210 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 33rd Floor   15222
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (412) 562-0900

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share   The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ¨    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer   ¨    Accelerated filer   x
Non-accelerated filer   ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.):    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of December 31, 2010, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $567.2 million. As of August 25, 2011, there were 127,921,888 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

 

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement for its 2011 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

Table of Contents

INDEX

 

                      PAGE  

PART I

           
     ITEM 1    

BUSINESS

     5   
     ITEM 1A    

RISK FACTORS

     36   
     ITEM 1B    

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

     54   
     ITEM 2    

PROPERTIES

     54   
     ITEM 3    

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

     55   
     ITEM 4    

(REMOVED AND RESERVED)

     57   

PART II

           
     ITEM 5    

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

     57   
     ITEM 6    

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

     59   
     ITEM 7    

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

     62   
     ITEM 7A    

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

     83   
     ITEM 8    

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

     84   
     ITEM 9    

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

     122   
     ITEM 9A    

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

     122   
     ITEM 9B    

OTHER INFORMATION

     122   

PART III

           
     ITEM 10    

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

     123   
     ITEM 11    

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

     123   
     ITEM 12    

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

     123   
     ITEM 13    

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

     123   
     ITEM 14    

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

     123   

PART IV

           
     ITEM 15    

EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

     124   

 

2


Table of Contents

PART I

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which involve risks and uncertainties. You can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “seeks”, “approximately”, “intends”, “plans”, “estimates”, or “anticipates” or similar expressions that concern our strategy, plans or intentions. All statements we make relating to estimated and projected earnings, margins, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates and financial results are forward-looking statements. In addition, we, through our senior management, from time to time make forward-looking public statements concerning our expected future operations and performance and other developments. All of these forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may change at any time, and, therefore, our actual results may differ materially from those we expected. We derive most of our forward-looking statements from our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based upon many detailed assumptions. While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and, of course, it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations are disclosed under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, including, without limitation, in conjunction with the forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the factors discussed in this Form 10-K. Some of the factors that we believe could affect our results include:

 

   

compliance with extensive federal, state and accrediting agency regulations and requirements;

 

   

our ability to maintain eligibility to participate in Title IV programs;

 

   

government and regulatory changes including revised interpretations of regulatory requirements that affect the post-secondary education industry and new regulations adopted by the U.S. Department of Education on October 29, 2010 and June 13, 2011;

 

   

changes in the overall U.S. or global economy;

 

   

effects of a general economic slowdown or recession in the United States or abroad;

 

   

changes in average registered credits taken by students;

 

   

the implementation of new operating procedures for our fully online programs;

 

   

increased or unanticipated legal and regulatory costs;

 

   

the implementation of program initiative in response to the U.S. Department of Education’s new gainful employment regulation;

 

   

adjustments to our programmatic offerings to comply with the 90/10 rule;

 

   

disruptions in the credit and equity markets worldwide;

 

   

difficulty in opening additional schools and expanding online academic programs;

 

   

our ability to improve existing academic programs or to develop new programs on a timely basis and in a cost-effective manner;

 

   

failure to effectively market and advertise to new students;

 

   

decline in the overall growth of enrollment in post-secondary institutions;

 

   

our ability to manage our substantial leverage;

 

   

compliance with restrictions and other terms in our debt agreements, some of which are beyond our control;

 

   

our ability to keep pace with changing market needs and technology;

 

   

our ability to raise additional capital in the future in light of our substantial leverage;

 

3


Table of Contents
   

our ability to effectively manage our growth;

 

   

capacity constraints or system disruptions to our online computer networks;

 

   

the vulnerability of our online computer networks to security risks;

 

   

failure to attract, retain and integrate qualified management personnel;

 

   

our ability to integrate acquired schools;

 

   

inability to operate schools due to a natural disaster;

 

   

competitors with greater resources;

 

   

risks inherent in non-domestic operations; and

 

   

the other factors set forth under “Risk Factors”.

We caution you that the foregoing list of important factors may not contain all of the material factors that could affect our results. In addition, in light of these risks and uncertainties, the matters referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K may not in fact occur. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law.

 

4


Table of Contents
ITEM 1. BUSINESS

On June 1, 2006, EDMC was acquired by a consortium of private investors through a merger of an acquisition company into EDMC, with EDMC surviving the merger. We sometimes refer to that transaction in this Form 10-K as the “Transaction”. Our principal shareholders are private equity funds affiliated with Providence Equity Partners, Goldman Sachs Capital Partners and Leeds Equity Partners, which we refer to in this Form 10-K collectively as the “Sponsors”. As used in this Form 10-K, unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, references to “we”, “us”, “our”, the “Company”, “EDMC” and similar references refer collectively to Education Management Corporation and its subsidiaries. References to our fiscal year refer to the 12-month period ended June 30 of the year referenced.

Business Overview

We are among the largest providers of post-secondary education in North America, with over 158,300 enrolled students as of October 2010. We offer academic programs to our students through campus-based and online instruction, or through a combination of both. We are committed to offering quality academic programs and continuously strive to improve the learning experience for our students. We target a large and diverse market as our educational institutions offer students the opportunity to earn undergraduate and graduate degrees, including doctoral degrees, and certain specialized non-degree diplomas in a broad range of disciplines. These disciplines include media arts, health sciences, design, psychology and behavioral sciences, culinary, business, fashion, legal, education and information technology. Each of our schools located in the United States is licensed or permitted to offer post-secondary programs in the state in which it is located, accredited by a national or regional accreditation agency and certified by the U.S. Department of Education, enabling students to access federal student loans, grants and other forms of public and private financial aid. Our academic programs are designed with an emphasis on applied content and are taught primarily by faculty members who, in addition to having appropriate academic credentials, offer practical and relevant professional experience in their respective fields. Our net revenues were $2,887.6 million in fiscal 2011.

Our schools comprise a national education platform that is designed to address the needs of a broad market, taking into consideration various factors that influence demand, such as programmatic and degree interest, employment opportunities, requirements for credentials in certain professions, demographics, tuition pricing points and economic conditions. We believe that our schools collectively enable us to provide access to a high quality education for potential students, at a variety of degree levels and across a wide range of disciplines.

We completed an initial public offering of our common stock on October 7, 2009 where we sold 23.0 million shares of common stock for $18.00 per share. Net proceeds from the initial public offering were primarily used to repay indebtedness with a face value of $316.0 million and terminate a management agreement with the Sponsors.

During our more than 40-year operating history, we have expanded the reach of our education systems and currently operate 105 primary locations across 32 U.S. states and in Canada. In addition, we have offered online programs since 2000, enabling our students to pursue degrees fully online or through a flexible combination of both online and campus-based education. During the period from October 2000 through October 2010, we experienced a compounded annual enrollment growth rate of 19.0%. During the same time period, the schools that we have owned or operated for one year or more experienced a compounded annual enrollment growth rate of 13.4%. We seek to maintain growth in a manner that assures adherence to our high standard of educational quality and track record of student success.

We have undertaken multiple initiatives to address the growing demand for post-secondary education in the United States. During our fiscal year ended June 30, 2011, we opened four new locations, developed 16 new academic programs and introduced over 350 new or existing academic programs to locations that had not previously offered such programs. The average enrollment at our schools during fiscal 2011 increased 14.3% as compared to fiscal 2010. We continue to make significant capital investments in technology and human resources designed to facilitate future enrollment growth. We also continue to upgrade our infrastructure, student interfaces and student support systems to enhance the student experience, while providing greater operational transparency.

 

5


Table of Contents

Each of our 105 schools provides student-centered education. Our schools are organized and managed to capitalize on recognized brands and align them with specific targeted markets based on field of study, employment opportunity, type of degree offering and student demographics:

 

   

The Art Institutes. The Art Institutes focus on applied arts in creative professions such as graphic design, culinary arts, media arts and animation, interior design, web site development, digital filmmaking and video production, fashion design and marketing and game art and design. The Art Institutes offer Associate’s, Bachelor’s and Master’s degree programs, as well as selective non-degree diploma programs. Students pursue their degrees through local campuses, fully online programs through The Art Institute of Pittsburgh, Online Division and blended formats, which combine on campus and online education. There are 50 Art Institutes campuses in 24 U.S. states and in Canada. As of October 2010, students enrolled at The Art Institutes represented approximately 53% of our total enrollments.

 

   

Argosy University. Argosy University offers academic programs in psychology and behavioral sciences, business, education and health sciences disciplines. Argosy offers Doctoral, Master’s and undergraduate degrees. Argosy’s academic programs focus on graduate students seeking advanced credentials as a prerequisite to initial licensing, career advancement and/or structured pay increases. Students pursue their degrees through local campuses, fully online programs and blended formats. There are 19 Argosy University campuses in 13 U.S. states. As of October 2010, students enrolled at Argosy University represented approximately 19% of our total enrollments.

 

   

Brown Mackie Colleges. Brown Mackie Colleges offer flexible Associate’s and non-degree diploma programs that enable students to develop skills for entry-level positions in high demand vocational specialties and Bachelor’s degree programs that assist students to advance within the workplace. Brown Mackie Colleges offer programs in growing fields such as medical assisting, criminal justice, nursing, business, legal support and information technology. There are 27 Brown Mackie College campuses in 15 U.S. states. As of October 2010, students enrolled at Brown Mackie Colleges represented approximately 14% of our total enrollments.

 

   

South University. South University offers academic programs in health sciences and business disciplines, including business administration, criminal justice, nursing, information technology, psychology, pharmacy and medical assisting. South University offers Doctoral, Master’s, Bachelor’s and Associate’s degrees through local campuses, fully online programs and blended formats. There are ten South University campuses in seven U.S. states, including The Art Institute of Dallas and The Art Institute Fort Worth, which are also reported as Art Institutes. As of October 2010, students enrolled at South University represented approximately 14% of our total enrollments.

In November 2009, the U.S. Department of Education convened two negotiated rulemaking teams primarily related to Title IV program integrity issues. The resulting program integrity rules promulgated in October 2010 and June 2011 address numerous topics. These new regulations are described in “— Student Financial Assistance — Program Integrity Regulations” and “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Highly Regulated Industry”.

Industry Overview

The U.S. Department of Education estimates that the U.S. public and private post-secondary education market for degree-granting institutions was a $350 billion industry in 2009, representing approximately 20.4 million students enrolled at over 4,500 institutions. According to the National Center of Education Statistics, traditional students, who typically are recent high school graduates under 25 years of age and are pursuing their first higher education degree, represent approximately 60% of the national student population. The remaining 40% of the student population is comprised of non-traditional students, who are largely working adults pursuing further education in their current field or are preparing for a new career.

We believe that there are a number of factors contributing to the long-term growth of the post-secondary education industry. The shift toward a services-based economy increases the demand for higher levels of education. According to the U.S. Department of Labor — Bureau of Labor Statistics, the projected growth rate for total job openings from 2008 to 2018 for occupations that require post-secondary education is over 15%, nearly double the growth rate for occupations that do not require post-secondary education. Additionally, economic incentives are favorable for post-secondary graduates. According to the U.S. Department of Labor — Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2010, the median weekly earnings for individuals aged 25 years and older with a Bachelor’s degree was approximately 66% higher than for high school graduates of the same age with no college experience, and the average unemployment rate in 2010 for persons aged 25 years and older with a Bachelor’s degree was nearly half that of those without college experience.

For-profit educators have provided an increasing share of the growing demand for post-secondary education which has not been fully addressed by traditional public and private universities. Non-profit public and private institutions can face limited financial capability to expand their offerings in response to the growing demand for education, due to a combination of state funding challenges, significant expenditures required for research and the professor tenure system. Certain private institutions also may control enrollments to preserve the perceived prestige and exclusivity of their degree offerings.

 

6


Table of Contents

As a result, we believe that for-profit, post-secondary education providers continue to have significant opportunities to address the demand for post-secondary education and that growth in online education has been supported by favorable student outcomes, the flexibility and convenience associated with the instructional format and the higher penetration of broadband Internet access. According to the National Center of Education Statistics, the number of students at for-profit, degree-granting institutions grew at an average annual rate of 15.7% from 1999 to 2009, compared to 3.3% growth for all degree-granting institutions over the same period. Enrollment growth by these providers has benefited from the higher flexibility of their programmatic offerings and learning structure, their emphasis on applied content and their ability to consistently introduce new campuses and academic programs. Despite rapid growth, the share of the post-secondary education market that has been captured by for-profit providers remains relatively small. In 2009, according to the National Center for Education Statistics, for-profit institutions accounted for 9.1% of all degree-granting, post-secondary enrollments, up from 2.9% in 1999.

The post-secondary education industry is highly fragmented, with no one provider controlling a significant share of the market. Students choose among providers based on programs and degrees offered, program flexibility and convenience, quality of instruction, graduate employment rates, reputation and recruiting effectiveness. This multi-faceted market fragmentation results in significant differentiation among various education providers, limited direct competition and minimal overlap between for-profit providers. The main competitors of for-profit, post-secondary education providers are local public and private two-year junior and community colleges, traditional public and private undergraduate and graduate colleges and, to a lesser degree, other for-profit providers.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that the following strengths differentiate our business:

 

 

Commitment to offering quality academic programs and student and graduate success

We are committed to offering quality academic programs, and we continuously strive to improve the learning experience for our students. We are dedicated to recruiting and retaining quality faculty and instructors with relevant industry experience and appropriate academic credentials. Our advisory boards help us to reassess and update our educational offerings on a regular basis in order to ensure the relevance of our curriculum and to design new academic programs. We do this with the goal of enabling students to either enter or advance in their chosen field. Our staff of trained, dedicated career services specialists maintains strong relationships with employers in order to improve our student graduate employment rates in their chosen fields.

 

 

Recognized brands aligned with specific fields of study and degree offerings

We offer academic programs primarily through four education systems. We have devoted significant resources to establishing, and continue to invest in developing, the brand identity for each education system. Through The Art Institutes, Argosy University, Brown Mackie Colleges and South University education systems, we have the ability to align our academic program offerings to address the unique needs of specific student groups. Our marketing strategy is designed to develop brand awareness among practitioners and likely prospects in particular fields of study. We believe that this comprehensive brand building approach in each specific market also enables us to gain economies of scale with respect to student acquisition and retention costs, assists in the recruitment and retention of quality faculty and staff members and accelerates our ability to expand online course offerings.

 

 

Diverse program offerings and broad degree capabilities

Our breadth of programmatic and degree offerings enables us to appeal to a diverse range of potential students. We currently offer academic programs in the following areas: media arts, health sciences, design, psychology and behavioral sciences, culinary, business, fashion, legal, education and information technology. Approximately 61% of our students as of October 2010 were enrolled in Doctorate, Master’s and Bachelor’s degree programs, which are typically multi-year programs that contribute to the overall stability of our student population. We monitor and adjust our education offerings based on changes in demand for new programs, degrees, schedules and delivery methods.

 

7


Table of Contents
 

National platform of schools and integrated online learning platform

The combination of our national platform of schools and integrated online learning platform provides students at three of our education systems with flexible curriculum delivery options and academic programs taught on campus, online and in blended formats. This flexibility enables our academic programs to appeal to both traditional students and working adults who may seek convenience due to scheduling, geographical or other constraints.

Our campuses are located primarily in large metropolitan areas, and we focus our marketing efforts on demand for post-secondary education primarily within a 100-mile radius of the campus. Throughout our history, we have invested in our campuses in order to provide attractive and efficient learning environments. Our schools offer many amenities found in traditional colleges, including libraries, bookstores and laboratories, as well as the industry-specific equipment necessary for the various programs that we offer.

Our online presence offers a practical and flexible solution for our students without compromising quality. We have made a significant investment in online education by strengthening our online presence within The Art Institutes, Argosy University and South University. We have introduced new online academic programs, enhanced our technology infrastructure, hired additional faculty and staff and increased our spending on marketing and admissions. We intend to continue to invest in the expansion of our online program offerings and our marketing efforts to capitalize on our well-known branded schools in order to expand our online presence. As of October 2010, approximately 42,300 students were enrolled in fully online programs.

 

 

Strong management team with a focus on long-term performance

Our school presidents and senior operating executives have substantial experience in the sector and have contributed to our history of success. The current executive team has been instrumental in directing investments to enhance the student experience and build infrastructure to establish a platform for sustainable long-term growth. We plan to continue to build our strong management team as we execute on our long-term growth strategy.

Our Growth Strategy

Though we have experienced significant compounded annual growth over the last ten fiscal years, we and other for-profit post-secondary education providers have experienced a number of recent challenges which will negatively impact our growth during fiscal 2012, including changes we are implementing to our programmatic offerings in response to the U.S. Department of Education’s new gainful employment definition which becomes effective as of July 1, 2012, a decreased investment in new school locations during fiscal 2011 and 2012 due to the uncertain regulatory environment and negative media associated with the industry due in part to governmental investigations. We believe that we will continue to grow our business over the long-term, and we intend to support our growth through these three channels:

 

 

Introduce new and existing academic programs across our national platform of schools

We seek to identify emerging industry trends in order to understand the evolving educational needs of our students and graduates. With the assistance of over 1,500 industry experts and employers who actively participate on curriculum advisory teams, we are able to rapidly develop new academic programs that address specific market opportunities. We are also able to tailor our existing proprietary content for courses across our degree programs. Examples of new academic programs that we have introduced during fiscal 2011 include an Associate’s degree program in Bioscience Laboratory Technology, Master’s degree programs in Design & Media Management, Public Administration, Educational Administration, Human Resources Management, Non-Profit Management, Public Health, Service Sector Management, Criminal Justice and Nursing and a Doctoral program in Initial Educational Administration.

In addition to developing new academic programs, we frequently introduce existing academic programs to additional locations in our national platform of schools, allowing us to drive incremental enrollment growth, utilize our existing curriculum development in multiple locations and capitalize on identified market needs.

 

8


Table of Contents
 

Increase enrollments in online distance learning and blended-format programs

Our investments in online education have enabled us to increase the number of students enrolled in fully online academic programs from approximately 31,200 students as of October 2009 to approximately 42,300 students as of October 2010. We believe that the fully online programs offered by The Art Institute of Pittsburgh, Argosy University and South University allow us to offer academic programs that meet the needs of a wide range of distance learning students. In addition, our 105 schools operate under brands that are well-known within various fields, and we believe that our online programs benefit from our strong campus presence and related marketing expenditures. Online offerings are also a cost effective means for us to utilize many of our existing education curricula and generate attractive returns on capital.

During fiscal 2011, we made several changes to our fully online programs which we believe will have a positive long-term impact on our business. We began to transition fully online programs offered by South University and Argosy University from a quarterly term-based to a non-term based academic calendar structure. The new model supports more frequent class starts and provides a number of benefits to students. We have also introduced graduation focused teams for students attending our fully online programs. These teams are comprised of individuals from admissions, financial services and academic counseling which we believe will help improve the student experience and retention over time by providing more personalized, dedicated service. We intend to continue to invest in the expansion of our online program offerings to capitalize on our well-known branded schools and further expand our online presence.

 

 

Develop new school locations in attractive markets

We believe that many attractive locations are available to open additional campuses across the United States. We have identified target locations in new geographic markets, as well as opportunities to open additional campuses within existing large metropolitan areas. Because of the relatively large number of potential markets available for opening new campuses, we focus our efforts on markets that we believe offer the most attractive projected growth and return on capital. We rigorously analyze employment statistics and demographic data in order to align our new schools with the specific educational needs of a targeted market. This focus enables penetration and presence for new schools. After entering a market, we drive incremental growth through the introduction of new academic programs and degrees, which enhance return on investment in new markets. We pursue additional efficiencies through our centralized and standardized infrastructure, systems and processes.

In addition, although we believe that our diverse platform of program and degree offerings provides significant future growth opportunities, we routinely consider acquisition opportunities to increase the breadth of our education systems or provide unique programmatic exposure within new markets.

Student Recruitment and Marketing

Our diverse and metrics-based marketing activities are designed to position us as a leading provider of high quality educational programs, build strong brand recognition for our education systems and disciplines, differentiate us from other educational providers and stimulate interest in our programs from prospective students. We target a large and diverse market, including traditional college students, working adults seeking a high quality education in a traditional college setting and working adults focused on the practicality and convenience of online education and career advancement goals. In marketing our programs to prospective students, we emphasize the value of the educational experience and the academic rigor of the programs.

Our marketing personnel employ an integrated marketing approach that utilizes a variety of lead sources to identify prospective students. These lead generation sources include web-based advertising, which generates the majority of our leads, and further include purchasing leads from aggregators, television and print media advertising, radio, local newspaper, telephone campaigns and direct mail campaigns. In addition, referrals from current students, alumni and employers are important sources of new students. We also employ approximately 250 representatives who present at high schools. These representatives also participate in college fairs and other inquiry-generating activities. In fiscal 2011, our marketing efforts generated inquiries from approximately 5.6 million prospective students as compared to approximately 4.6 million inquiries in fiscal 2010. Marketing and admissions expense represented approximately 22.4% and 22.2% of net revenues in fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010, respectively.

 

9


Table of Contents

Upon a prospective student’s initial indication of interest in enrolling at one of our schools, an admissions representative initiates communication with the student. The admissions representative serves as the primary contact for the prospective student and helps the student assess the compatibility of his or her goals with our educational offerings. Our student services personnel work with applicants to gain acceptance, arrange financial aid and prepare the student for matriculation. Each admissions representative undergoes a standardized training program, which includes a full competency assessment at the program’s conclusion.

Student Admissions and Retention

The admissions and entrance standards of each school are designed to identify those students who are best equipped to meet the requirements of their chosen fields of study and successfully complete their programs. In evaluating prospective students, we seek individuals with, among other things, a strong desire to learn, passion for their area of interest and initiative. We believe that a success-oriented student body results in higher retention and placement rates, increased student and employer satisfaction and lower student default rates on government loans. To be qualified for admission to one of our schools, each applicant must have received a high school diploma or a General Education Development certificate. Applicants to our graduate and Doctorate programs are required to have received an undergraduate degree as a condition to admission. Most of our schools interview prospective students to assess their qualifications, their interest in the programs offered by the school and their commitment to their education. In addition, the curricula, student services, education costs, available financial resources and student housing options, if applicable, are reviewed during interviews.

We use a variety of tools designed to assess prospective students, stress the importance of time management and study skills, and ensure that students understand the responsibilities and obligations of funding their education. The Art Institutes, Argosy University and Brown Mackie Colleges, as well as our fully online programs, use various products to test the reading, writing and math skills of undergraduate students. South University requires satisfactory SAT, ACT, College Board or other placement test scores for undergraduate students. If necessary, based on a student’s test score, most of our schools offer developmental courses or transitional studies that must be taken and passed by students before they can advance in their program of study. All of our schools offer an orientation program that prepares students to be successful in a post-secondary program.

Due to our broad program offerings, our students come from a wide variety of backgrounds. As of October 2010, the estimated average age of a student at all of our schools was approximately 29 years old, and the estimated average age of students at each of our education systems was as follows:

 

The Art Institutes

   25 years old

Argosy University

   36 years old

South University

   30 years old

Brown Mackie Colleges

   33 years old

Our students may fail to finish their programs for a variety of personal, academic or financial reasons. To reduce student withdrawals, each of our schools devotes staff resources to advising students regarding academic and financial matters, part-time employment and, if applicable, housing. Remedial courses are mandated for our undergraduate and graduate students with lower academic skill levels, and tutoring is encouraged for students experiencing academic difficulties. Our net annual persistence rate, which measures the number of students who are enrolled during a fiscal year and either graduate or advance to the next fiscal year, for all of our students was approximately 60% in fiscal 2011 as compared to approximately 64% in fiscal 2010 due primarily to the effect of a weak economy, the demographic of our student population and an increase in the number of fully online students, who typically persist at a lower rate than students who attend on-ground schools. The average enrollment for fully online students represented 27.5% of our total average student enrollment in fiscal 2011 compared to 24.5% in fiscal 2010.

Education Programs

The relationship of each of our schools with potential employers for our students plays a significant role in the development and adaptation of the school curriculum. Most of our schools have one or more program advisory boards composed of members of the local and regional communities or employers in the fields which we serve. These boards provide valuable input to a school’s education department, which allows a school to keep programs current and provide students with the training and skills that employers seek.

 

10


Table of Contents

Our wide range of academic programs culminate in the awarding of diploma certificates and a variety of degrees. In the fall of 2010 and 2009, the enrollment by degree for all our schools was as follows:

 

     2010     2009  

Bachelor’s degrees

     48     47

Associate’s degrees

     33     31

Master’s degrees

     7     7

Doctorate degrees

     6     7

Diploma and Certificates

     6     8

The type of degrees and programs we offer vary by each of our schools. We obtained approvals to offer a significant number of new diploma and certificate programs during fiscal 2011 and we expect the enrollment in these programs to increase in the future. The following summarizes the principal academic programs offered at each of our education systems as of October 2010. Not all programs are offered at each school location within an education system.

The Art Institutes. The principal degree programs offered by The Art Institutes are as follows. For internal purposes, we classify the degree programs at The Art Institutes according to four schools or areas of study.

 

The School of Design

  

Associate’s Degree

Graphic Design

Interior Design

  

Bachelor’s Degree

Advertising

Graphic Design

Industrial Design

Interior Design

The School of Fashion

  

Associate’s Degree

Fashion Design

Fashion Marketing

Fashion Merchandising

  

Bachelor’s Degree

Fashion Design

Fashion Marketing

Fashion Merchandising

Fashion & Retail Management

The School of Media Arts

  

Associate’s Degree

Audio Production

Photography

Video Production

Web Site Development

  

Bachelor’s Degree

Audio Production

Digital Filmmaking & Video Production

Game Art & Design

Media Arts & Animation

Photography

Visual Effects & Motion Graphics

Visual Game Programming

Web Site Development

The School of Culinary Arts

  

Associate’s Degree

Baking and Pastry

Culinary Arts

  

Bachelor’s Degree

Culinary Management

Hotel & Restaurant Management

Argosy University. The principal degree programs offered by Argosy University are as follows.

College of Undergraduate Studies

  

Bachelor of Arts

Liberal Arts

Psychology

  

Bachelor of Science

Business Administration

Criminal Justice

 

11


Table of Contents

College of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences

  

Master of Arts

Clinical Psychology

Counseling Psychology

Community Counseling

Forensic Psychology

Industrial Organizational Psychology

Marriage and Family Therapy

Mental Health Counseling

Sports-Exercise Psychology

  

Doctor of Psychology

Clinical Psychology

 

Doctor of Education

Counselor Education and Supervision

Counseling Psychology

Pastoral Community Counseling

College of Health Sciences

  

Associate of Applied Science

Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Veterinary Technology

  

Master of Science

Health Services Management

College of Education

  

Master of Arts in Education

Instructional Leadership

Educational Leadership

Teaching and Learning

  

Doctor of Education

Instructional Leadership

Educational Leadership

Organizational Leadership

Teaching and Learning

College of Business

  

Master of Science

Business Administration

Management

  

Doctor of Science

Business Administration

Brown Mackie Colleges. The principal degree programs offered by the Brown Mackie College schools are as follows.

Healthcare and Wellness

  

Associate’s Degrees

Healthcare Administration

Medical Assistant

Occupational Therapy Assistant

Pharmacy Technology

Physical Therapist Assistant

Surgical Technology

  

Bachelor’s Degrees

Healthcare Management

Nursing

  

Associate’s Degrees

Nursing

  

Early Childhood Education

  

Associate’s Degree

Early Childhood Education

  

Legal Studies

  

Associate’s Degrees

Criminal Justice

Paralegal

  

Bachelor’s Degrees

Criminal Justice

Business

  

Associate’s Degrees

Accounting

Business

  

Bachelor’s Degrees

Business Administration

 

12


Table of Contents

Technology-Based

  

Associate’s Degrees

Audio/Visual Production

Biomedical Equipment Technology

Information Technology

  

Veterinary

  

Associate’s Degrees

Veterinary Technology

  

South University. The principal degree programs offered by South University are as follows.

College of Arts and Sciences

  

Associate’s Degrees

Criminal Justice

Paralegal Studies

  

Master’s Degrees

Professional Counseling

Bachelor’s Degrees

Criminal Justice

Legal Studies

Psychology

  

College of Business

  

Associate’s Degrees

Accounting

Business Administration

Information Technology

  

Master’s Degrees

Business Administration

Bachelor’s Degrees

Business Administration

Healthcare Management

Information Technology

  

College of Health Professions

  

Associate’s Degrees

Allied Health Science

Physical Therapist Assisting

  

Bachelor’s Degrees

Health Science

  

College of Nursing

  

Bachelor’s Degrees

Nursing

  

Master’s Degrees

Nursing

School of Pharmacy

  

Doctorate Degrees

Doctor of Pharmacy

  

In addition to the programs listed above, we own Western State University College of Law, which offers Juris Doctor degrees, and the Ventura Group, which provides courses and materials for post-graduate licensure examinations in the human services fields and continuing education courses for K-12 educators.

 

13


Table of Contents

Graduate Employment

We measure our success as an educator of students to a significant extent by the ability of our students to find jobs in their chosen field of employment upon graduation from our schools. Most of our schools provide career development instruction to our students in order to assist the students in developing essential job-search skills. In addition to individualized training in interviewing, networking techniques and resume-writing, most of our schools require students to take a career development course. Additionally, we provide ongoing employment resources to our undergraduate students and recent graduates. Career services departments also assist current students in finding part-time employment while attending school. Students in certain of our Doctorate programs spend up to a year in a paid internship in their chosen field.

Each school’s career services department plays a role in marketing the school’s curriculum to the community in order to produce job leads for graduates. Career services advisors educate employers about the caliber of our graduates. These advisors participate in professional organizations, trade shows and community events to keep apprised of industry trends and maintain relationships with key employers. Career services staff visit employer sites to learn more about their operations and better understand their employment needs. As of June 30, 2011, the career services departments of our schools had approximately 300 full-time employees. We estimate that our career services departments maintain contact with approximately 70,000 employers nationwide.

Based on information collected by us from graduating students and employers, we believe that, of the approximately 18,200 undergraduate students who graduated from our schools other than Argosy University during the calendar year ended December 31, 2010, approximately 82% of the available graduates obtained employment in their fields of study, or in related fields of study, within six months of graduation. We do not track undergraduate employment data for Argosy University in a similar manner to our other education systems due to Argosy University’s institutional focus on graduate degree programs. The graduate employment rates presented in this Form 10-K exclude students who are pursuing further education, who are deceased, who are in active military service, who have medical conditions that prevent them from working, who are continuing in a career unrelated to their program of study because they currently earn salaries which exceed those paid to entry-level employees in their field of study, who choose to stay at home full-time or who are international students no longer residing in the country in which their school is located. The average salary paid to our available graduating undergraduate students from The Art Institutes, the Brown Mackie Colleges and South University for calendar year 2010 who obtained employment in their fields of study, or in related fields of study, was approximately $30,000.

Accreditation

In the United States, accreditation is a process through which an institution submits itself to qualitative review by an organization of peer institutions. Accrediting agencies primarily examine the academic quality of the instructional programs of an institution, and a grant of accreditation is generally viewed as reliable authority that an institution’s programs meet generally accepted academic standards. Accrediting agencies also review the administrative and financial operations of the institutions they accredit to ensure that each institution has the resources to perform its educational mission.

Pursuant to provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (“HEA”), the U.S. Department of Education relies on accrediting agencies to determine whether the academic quality of an institution’s educational programs is sufficient to qualify the institution to participate in federal student financial aid programs under Title IV of the HEA (“Title IV programs”). The HEA and its implementing regulations specify certain standards that all recognized accrediting agencies must adopt in connection with their review of post-secondary institutions. All of our U.S. schools are accredited by an institutional accrediting agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.

In addition to the institutional accreditations described above, a number of our institutions have specialized programmatic accreditation for particular educational programs. For example, 16 Art Institutes offer interior design programs that have programmatic accreditation by the Council for Interior Design Accreditation, and 18 Art Institutes offer culinary programs accredited by the American Culinary Federation. Ten Argosy University locations have received accreditation by the American Psychological Association for their Doctor of Psychology programs, and five Argosy University locations are accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. Eight of our medical assisting programs (three at South University, four at Brown Mackie Colleges and one at Argosy University) are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. While these programmatic accreditations cannot be relied upon for our schools to obtain and maintain certification to participate in Title IV programs, they are commonly relied upon in the relevant professions as indicators of the quality of the academic program.

 

14


Table of Contents

The following table shows the location of each of our campuses at June 30, 2011, the name under which it operates, the year of its establishment, the date we opened or acquired it and the institutional accrediting agency (for schools accredited by more than one recognized accrediting agency, the primary accrediting agency is listed first).

 

School

  

Location

   Calendar
Year
Established
   Fiscal Year
Acquired
or Opened
  

Accrediting Agency

The Art Institutes

           
The Art Institute of Atlanta    Atlanta, GA    1949    1971    Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (“SACS”)
The Art Institute of Atlanta — Decatur    Decatur, GA    2007    2008    SACS (as an additional location of The Art Institute of Atlanta)
The Art Institute of Austin    Austin, TX    2008    2008    SACS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Houston)
The Art Institute of California — Hollywood (formerly California Design College)    Los Angeles, CA    1991    2003    Accrediting Council of Independent Colleges and Schools (“ACICS”)
The Art Institute of California — Inland Empire    San Bernardino, CA    2006    2006    Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges (“ACCSC”) (as a branch of The Art Institute of California — San Diego)
The Art Institute of California — Los Angeles    Los Angeles, CA    1997    1998    ACICS
The Art Institute of California — Orange County    Orange County, CA    2000    2001    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of California — Los Angeles)
The Art Institute of California — Sacramento    Sacramento, CA    2007    2007    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of California — Los Angeles)
The Art Institute of California — San Diego    San Diego, CA    1981    2001    ACCSC
The Art Institute of California — San Francisco    San Francisco, CA    1939    1998    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of California — Los Angeles)
The Art Institute of California — Sunnyvale    Sunnyvale, CA    2008    2008    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of California — Hollywood)
The Art Institute of Charleston    Charleston, SC    2007    2007    SACS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Atlanta)

 

15


Table of Contents

School

  

Location

   Calendar
Year
Established
   Fiscal Year
Acquired
or Opened
  

Accrediting Agency

The Art Institute of Charlotte    Charlotte, NC    1973    2000    ACICS
The Art Institute of Colorado    Denver, CO    1952    1976    Higher Learning Commission (“HLC”) of the North Central Association
The Art Institute of Dallas (2)    Dallas, TX    1964    1985    SACS (as a campus of South University)
The Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale    Fort Lauderdale, FL    1968    1974    ACICS
The Art Institute of Fort Worth (2)    Fort Worth, TX    2009    2010    SACS (as a campus of South University)
The Art Institute of Houston    Houston, TX    1974    1979    SACS
The Art Institute of Houston — North    Houston, TX    2008    2009    SACS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Houston)
The Art Institute of Indianapolis    Indianapolis, IN    2006    2006    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
The Art Institute of Jacksonville    Jacksonville, FL    2007    2007    SACS (as a branch of Miami International University of Art & Design)
The Art Institute of Las Vegas    Las Vegas, NV    1983    2001   

ACICS (as a branch of The Art

Institute of Phoenix)

The Art Institute of Michigan    Detroit, MI    2007    2008    HLC (as a branch of The Illinois Institute of Art — Chicago)
The Art Institute of Michigan — Troy (1)    Troy, MI    2011    2011   

HLC (as a branch of The Illinois

Institute of Art — Chicago)

The Art Institute of Tennessee — Nashville    Nashville, TN    2006    2007    SACS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Atlanta)
The Art Institute of New York City    New York, NY    1980    1997    ACICS
The Art Institute of Ohio — Cincinnati    Cincinnati, OH    2004    2005    HLC (as a branch of The Illinois Institute of Art — Chicago)
The Art Institute of Philadelphia    Philadelphia, PA    1971    1980    ACICS
The Art Institute of Phoenix    Phoenix, AZ    1995    1996    ACICS

 

16


Table of Contents

School

  

Location

   Calendar
Year
Established
   Fiscal Year
Acquired
or Opened
  

Accrediting Agency

The Art Institute of Pittsburgh    Pittsburgh, PA    1921    1970    Middle States Association of Colleges & Schools of the Commission on Higher Education
The Art Institute of Portland    Portland, OR    1963    1998    Northwest Commission on Colleges and Schools Universities (“NWCCU”)
The Art Institute of Raleigh-Durham    Durham, NC    2008    2008    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Charlotte)
The Art Institute of San Antonio    San Antonio, TX    2010    2010    SACS (as a branch of the Art Institute of Houston)
The Art Institute of Salt Lake City    Salt Lake City, UT    2007    2007    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
The Art Institute of Seattle    Seattle, WA    1946    1982    NWCCU
The Art Institute of Tampa    Tampa, FL    2004    2004    SACS (as a branch of the Miami International University of Art & Design)
The Art Institute of Tucson    Tucson, AZ    2002    2007    ACICS (as a branch of the Art Institute of Phoenix)
The Art Institute of Vancouver    Vancouver, BC    1979    2003    Private Career Training Institutions Agency of British Columbia
The Art Institute of Virginia Beach    Virginia Beach, VA    2009    2010    SACS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Atlanta)
The Art Institute of Washington    Arlington, VA    2000    2001    SACS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Atlanta)
The Art Institute of Washington — Northern Virginia    Sterling, VA    2009    2009    SACS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Atlanta)
The Art Institute of Wisconsin    Milwaukee, WI    2010    2010    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
The Art Institute of York — Pennsylvania    York, PA    1952    2004    ACICS
The Art Institutes International — Kansas City    Kansas City, KS    2008    2008    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)

 

17


Table of Contents

School

  

Location

   Calendar
Year
Established
   Fiscal Year
Acquired
or Opened
  

Accrediting Agency

The Art Institutes International Minnesota    Minneapolis, MN    1964    1997    ACICS
The Illinois Institute of Art — Chicago    Chicago, IL    1916    1996    HLC
The Illinois Institute of Art — Schaumburg    Schaumburg, IL    1983    1996    HLC (as a branch of The Illinois Institute of Art — Chicago)
The Illinois Institute of Art — Tinley Park    Tinley Park, IL    2011    2011   

HLC (as a branch of The Illinois

Institute of Art — Chicago)

Miami International University of Art & Design    Miami, FL    1965    2002    SACS
The New England Institute of Art    Boston, MA    1988    2000    New England Association of Schools and Colleges
Argosy University             HLC (all locations)
Argosy University, Atlanta    Atlanta, GA    1990    2002   
Argosy University, Chicago    Chicago, IL    1976    2002   
Argosy University, Dallas    Dallas, TX    2002    2002   
Argosy University, Denver    Denver, CO    2006    2006   
Argosy University, Honolulu    Honolulu, HI    1979    2002   
Argosy University, Inland Empire    San Bernardino, CA    2006    2006   
Argosy University, Nashville    Nashville, TN    2001    2001   
Argosy University, Orange County    Orange, CA    1999    2002   
Argosy University, Phoenix    Phoenix, AZ    1997    2002   
Argosy University, Salt Lake City    Salt Lake City, UT    2008    2008   
Argosy University, San Diego    San Diego, CA    2006    2006   
Argosy University, San Francisco    Point Richmond, CA    1998    2002   

 

18


Table of Contents

School

  

Location

   Calendar
Year
Established
   Fiscal Year
Acquired
or Opened
  

Accrediting Agency

Argosy University, Santa Monica    Santa Monica, CA    2006    2006   
Argosy University, Sarasota    Sarasota, FL    1969    2002   
Argosy University, Schaumburg    Schaumburg, IL    1979    2002   
Argosy University, Seattle    Seattle, WA    1997    2002   
Argosy University, Tampa    Tampa, FL    1997    2002   
Argosy University, Twin Cities    Eagan, MN    1961    2002   
Argosy University, Washington D.C.    Arlington, VA    1994    2002   
South University (2)             SACS (all locations)
South University/ Savannah    Savannah, GA    1899    2004   
South University/ Montgomery    Montgomery, AL    1997    2004   
South University/ West Palm Beach    West Palm Beach, FL    1974    2004   
South University/ Columbia    Columbia, SC    1935    2004   
South University/ Tampa    Tampa, FL    2006    2006   
South University/ Richmond    Richmond, VA    2009    2009   
South University/ Novi    Novi, MI    2009    2010   
South University/ Virginia Beach    Virginia Beach, VA    2010    2010   
The Brown Mackie Colleges            
Brown Mackie College — Akron    Akron, OH    1980    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Birmingham    Birmingham, AL    2010    2011    ACICS (as a branch of the Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Cincinnati    Cincinnati, OH    1927    2004   

ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute

of Phoenix)

 

19


Table of Contents

School

  

Location

   Calendar
Year
Established
   Fiscal Year
Acquired
or Opened
  

Accrediting Agency

Brown Mackie College — Findlay    Findlay, OH    1986    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)

Brown Mackie College — Northern Kentucky

  

Ft. Mitchell, KY

   1927
   2004
   ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — North Canton    North Canton, OH    1984    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Atlanta    Norcross, GA    1969    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Kansas City    Lenexa, KS    1984    2004    HLC (as a branch of Brown Mackie College — Salina)
Brown Mackie College — Salina    Salina, KS    1892    2004    HLC
Brown Mackie College — Merrillville    Merrillville, IN    1984    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Michigan City    Michigan City, IN    1890    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Quad Cities    Quad Cities, IA    1985    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Fort Wayne    Fort Wayne, IN    1991    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — South Bend    South Bend, IN    1882    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Louisville    Louisville, KY    1935    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Hopkinsville    Hopkinsville, KY    1995    2004    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Miami    Miami, FL    2004    2005    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Tucson    Tucson, AZ    1972    2007    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Indianapolis    Indianapolis, IN    2007    2008    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Boise    Boise, ID    2008    2008    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Tulsa    Tulsa, OK    2008    2009    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)
Brown Mackie College — Phoenix   

Phoenix, AZ

   2008
   2009
   ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)

 

20


Table of Contents

School

  

Location

   Calendar
Year
Established
   Fiscal Year
Acquired
or Opened
  

Accrediting Agency

Brown Mackie College — Greenville    Greenville, SC    2009    2009    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)

Brown Mackie

College — Albuquerque

   Albuquerque, NM    2010    2010    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)

Brown Mackie

College — San Antonio

   San Antonio, TX    2010    2010    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)

Brown Mackie

College — St. Louis

   St. Louis, MO    2009    2010    ACICS (as a branch of The Art Institute of Phoenix)

Brown Mackie College —

Oklahoma City (3)

  

Oklahoma

City, OK

   2011    2011    HLC (as a branch of Brown Mackie College — Salina)

Western State University College of Law

   Fullerton, CA    1966    2002    Commission on Colleges of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges; American Bar Association

 

(1) First class of students scheduled to start in October 2011.
(2) The Art Institute of Dallas and The Art Institute of Fort Worth are campuses of South University but included with The Art Institute school locations for reporting purposes.
(3) First class of students started in August 2011.

Accrediting agencies monitor each educational institution’s performance across a broad range of areas. Monitoring is generally performed through annual self-reporting and through the conduct of periodic site visits by representatives of the accrediting agency and qualified persons from peer institutions. In the event an accrediting agency determines that such school’s performance in one or more areas falls below certain parameters, the accrediting agency may require the school to supply it with supplemental reports on the accrediting agency’s specific areas of concern until that school meets the accrediting agency’s performance guideline or standard. As of June 30, 2011, seven of our schools were required to provide such supplemental reports due to either student retention or placement issues. Each of these seven schools is also required to request and receive permission from their accrediting agency prior to filing an application for a new location or program offering. We anticipate that an additional twelve schools will be required to file supplemental reports with their accrediting agency due to student retention issues experienced during fiscal 2011.

An accrediting agency also may order an institution to show cause why its accreditation should not be revoked or conditioned if it receives information leading it to question whether the institution satisfies the requirements of continued accreditation. An institution found not to be in compliance with required standards may have its accreditation revoked or withdrawn, or it may be placed on probation to more closely monitor its compliance with accrediting requirements. We currently do not have any school on show cause status with its institutional accrediting agency. The Doctor of Psychology program at Argosy University’s San Francisco campus was placed on probation by the American Psychological Association in August 2010. Under a probationary status, the program remains accredited and has up to two years to address any deficiencies identified by the Council on Accreditation. The physical therapy assistant program at Brown Mackie College in Ft. Wayne, Indiana was placed on probation by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy in April 2011 in connection with its initial grant of accreditation. A program may remain on probation for up to two years though accreditation may be withdrawn at any time during the probationary period if the program does not improve.

 

21


Table of Contents

Student Financial Assistance

Most of the students at our U.S. schools rely, at least in part, on financial assistance to pay for the cost of their education. In the United States, the largest sources of such support are the federal student aid programs under Title IV of the HEA. Additional sources of funds include other federal grant programs, state grant and loan programs, private loan programs and institutional grants and scholarships. To provide students access to financial assistance resources available through Title IV programs, a school must be (i) authorized to offer its programs of instruction by the relevant agency of the states in which it is physically located and comply with applicable state requirements regarding fully online programs, (ii) institutionally accredited by an agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, and (iii) certified as an eligible institution by the U.S. Department of Education. In addition, the school must ensure that Title IV program funds are properly accounted for and disbursed in the correct amounts to eligible students and remain in compliance generally with the Title IV program regulations. Most of the U.S. Department of Education’s requirements, such as the 90/10 rule and the cohort default rate test, are applied on an institutional basis, with an institution defined as a main campus and its additional locations, if any. Twenty-three of our 105 primary locations are recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as main campuses and the remaining locations, other than The Art Institute of Vancouver which is subject to the laws and regulations of the Canadian province of British Columbia, are additional locations.

As in the United States, there are certain risks associated with operating post-secondary institutions in Canada, including, among other risks:

 

   

if our schools fail to comply with extensive regulations, we could be subject to financial penalties, restrictions on our operations or loss of external financial aid funding for our students;

 

   

the provinces or national government may change the law or reduce funding for student financial aid programs, which could harm our student population and revenue;

 

   

if our schools do not maintain their approvals, they may not operate or participate in federal student financial aid programs; and

 

   

government and regulatory agencies may conduct compliance reviews, bring claims or initiate litigation against us.

While most states in the United States support public colleges and universities primarily through direct state subsidies, the U.S. federal government provides a substantial part of its support for post-secondary education in the form of grants and loans to students who can use this support at any institution that has been certified as eligible by the U.S. Department of Education. Students at our U.S. schools receive loans, grants and work-study funding to fund their education under several Title IV programs, of which the two largest are the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (“Direct Loan”) program and the Federal Pell Grant (“Pell”) program. Most of our U.S. schools also participate in the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (“FSEOG”) program, the Federal Perkins Loan (“Perkins”) program, the Federal Work-Study program and the Academic Competitive Grant (“ACG”) program. A smaller number of our U.S. schools also participate in the National SMART (Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent) Grant program.

 

22


Table of Contents

During fiscal 2011 and 2010, the net cash receipts from the financial sources that funded our net revenues from tuition and fees for attending our post-secondary institutions were as follows (dollars in millions):

 

     Fiscal 2011     Fiscal 2010 (6)  

Total Aid

   Gross Cash
Receipts (1)
     % of Gross Cash
Receipts
    % of Net
Revenues
    Gross Cash
Receipts (1)
     % of Gross Cash
Receipts
    % of Net
Revenues
 

Federal Title IV Aid (2):

              

Stafford Loans

   $ 1,698.3         48.4     58.8   $ 1,540.8         51.2     61.4

PLUS Loans

     423.7         12.1     14.7     265.1         8.8     10.6

Grad Plus Loans

     6.3         0.2     0.2     37.3         1.2     1.5

Pell Grants

     456.3         13.0     15.8     357.9         11.9     14.3

FSEOG Awards

     15.4         0.4     0.5     13.0         0.4     0.5

Perkins Loans

     0.3         0.0     0.0     1.6         0.1     0.1

Other Title IV Aid (3)

     6.8         0.2     0.2     4.8         0.2     0.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Federal Title IV Aid

   $ 2,607.1         74.3     90.3   $ 2,220.6         73.9     88.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Private Loans

     91.7         2.6     3.2     111.7         3.7     4.5

Education Finance Loan

     14.6         0.4     0.5     65.1         2.2     2.6

Cash Payments

     733.1         20.9     25.4     552.2         18.4     22.0

State Grants

     50.1         1.4     1.7     47.2         1.6     1.9

Canadian Financial Aid

     11.9         0.3     0.4     9.6         0.3     0.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Cash Receipts (4)

   $ 3,508.5         100.0     121.5   $ 3,006.5         100.0     119.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Revenues (5)

        $  2,887.6           $  2,508.5   
       

 

 

        

 

 

 

 

(1) Cash receipts are net of the return to the federal student financial aid programs of all unearned funds from students who withdraw from a program of study.
(2) Equals Title IV financial aid received by students attending (i) The Art Institutes during quarters starting during the fiscal year except for The New England Institute of Art, where the summer semester beginning in May was included in the following fiscal year; (ii) Argosy University during the summer semester that began in May prior to the beginning of the fiscal year and the fall and winter semesters that began during the fiscal year; (iii) South University during the quarters starting during the fiscal year, except that campus based students attending the summer quarter beginning at the end of June; (iv) Brown Mackie Colleges during quarters starting during the fiscal year; and (v) Western States University during semesters starting during the fiscal year.
(3) Includes receipts from the Academic Competitive Grant program and the National SMART Grant program.
(4) Total cash receipts include stipends, or financing received by students in excess of the tuition and fees that they pay to our schools, which we receive from financing sources on behalf of students. Stipends are generally used by students to fund living expenses while attending school. Total stipends paid to students during fiscal 2011 and 2010 were $664.6 million and $531.2 million, respectively. Aid received from the Federal Work Study program is excluded from total cash receipts along with institutional aid, employee reimbursement of tuition payments and institutional scholarships.
(5) The difference between net revenues and gross cash receipts paid by students to attend our post-secondary institutions primarily relates to stipends received on behalf of students and the effect of timing differences between cash-basis and accrual-basis accounting, including changes in student accounts receivable balances.
(6) Certain amounts have been updated from the prior year presentation due to refunds and other revisions which occurred after the end of fiscal 2010.

Direct Loans. The Direct Loan program consists of two types of loans: Stafford loans, which are made available to students regardless of financial need, and Parent Loan for Undergraduate Students (“PLUS”) loans, which are made available to parents of undergraduate students classified as dependents and to graduate and professional students. Prior to July 1, 2010, Stafford and PLUS loans were also made available to students through the Federal Family Education Loan program which was administered and funded by private sources. The Direct Loan program is administered and funded by the U.S. Department of Education.

Under the Stafford loan program an undergraduate student may borrow up to $5,500 for the first academic year, $6,500 for the second academic year and, in certain educational programs, $7,500 for each of the third and fourth academic years. Students who are classified as independent can obtain up to an additional $4,000 for each of the first and second academic years and, depending upon the educational program, an additional $5,000 for each of the third and fourth academic years. Students enrolled in programs higher than a bachelor-level program can borrow up to $20,500 per academic year. Students

 

23


Table of Contents

enrolled in certain graduate-level health professions can receive an additional $12,500 per academic year. PLUS loans may be obtained by parents of a dependent student in an amount not to exceed the difference between the total cost of that student’s education (including allowable educational expenses) and other aid to which that student is entitled.

Pell. Pell grants are the primary component of Title IV programs under which the U.S. Department of Education makes grants to undergraduate students who demonstrate financial need. Every eligible student is entitled to receive a Pell grant; there is no institutional allocation or limit. Effective as of July 1, 2010, the maximum amount of availability of a Pell grant increased to $5,550 per year from a maximum of $5,350 per year in fiscal 2010 and a maximum of $4,731 in fiscal 2009. Additionally, effective from July 1, 2009 through June 30, 2011, certain students who attended school for an entire fiscal year were in some cases eligible for additional Pell grant awards. The maximum available to an eligible student under the Pell grant program depends on student need and other factors.

FSEOG. FSEOG awards are designed to supplement Pell grants for the neediest undergraduate students. FSEOG grants at our schools generally range in amount from $300 to $1,200 per year. However, the availability of FSEOG awards is limited by the amount of those funds allocated to an institution under a formula that takes into account the size of the institution, its costs and the income levels of its students. We are required to make a 25% matching contribution for all FSEOG program funds disbursed. Resources for this institutional contribution may include institutional grants and scholarships and, in certain U.S. states, portions of state grants and scholarships.

Perkins. Eligible undergraduate students may borrow up to $5,500 under the Perkins program during each academic year, with an aggregate maximum of $27,500 for students with at least two years of study. Eligible graduate students may borrow up to $8,000 in Perkins loans each academic year, with an aggregate maximum of $60,000. Perkins loans have a 5% interest rate and repayment is delayed until nine months after a student ceases enrollment as at least a half-time student. Perkins loans are made available to those students who demonstrate the greatest financial need. Perkins loans are made from a revolving account. Congress has not supplied any new federal capital contributions to the Perkins program in several years. When Congress last funded the program, 75% of the new funding was contributed by the U.S. Department of Education and the remainder by the applicable school. Each school collects payments on Perkins loans from its former students and re-lends those funds to currently enrolled students. Collection and disbursement of Perkins loans is the responsibility of each participating institution. During fiscal 2011, payments from former students to the program were approximately $4.7 million. We were not required to make any matching contributions in fiscal 2011.

Federal Work-Study. Under the Federal Work-Study program, federal funds are made available to pay up to 75% of the cost of part-time employment of eligible students, based on their financial need, to perform work for the institution or for off-campus public or non-profit organizations. Most of our schools participate in the Federal Work-Study program. In order to participate in the program, each year a school must have at least 7% of the school’s Federal Work-Study program allocation paid to students performing community service work and at least one student in a literacy job. In fiscal 2011, all of our schools met this requirement.

ACG and National Smart Programs. Effective July 1, 2006, Congress enacted the ACG and the National SMART (Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent) Grant. Both of these programs require students to be eligible for a Pell grant and to attend school on a full-time basis. The ACG is designed for students in certificate or degree programs who recently have graduated from a high school at which they were enrolled in a rigorous curriculum. Students may receive a maximum of $750 under ACG during their first academic year and $1,300 during their second academic year. The National SMART Grant is designed for students in their third or fourth academic year with a cumulative grade point average of 3.0 or greater in certain designated bachelor’s degree or higher programs, primarily focused on science and math programs. Eligible students may receive up to $4,000 in each of their third and fourth academic year. Both the ACG and National SMART programs terminated as of June 30, 2011.

Legislative and Regulatory Action. Political and budgetary concerns can significantly affect Title IV programs. Congress generally reauthorizes the HEA approximately every six years. In August 2008, the HEA was reauthorized through at least September 30, 2014. The HEA reauthorization, among other things, revised the 90/10 Rule, as described in more detail under “— Federal Oversight of Title IV Programs — The ‘90/10 Rule’”, revised the calculation of an institution’s cohort default rate, required additional disclosures and certifications with respect to non-Title IV private loans and prohibited certain activities or relations between lenders and schools to discourage preferential treatment of lenders based on factors not in students’ best interests. In addition, Congress determines federal appropriations for Title IV programs on an annual basis. Congress also can make changes in the laws affecting Title IV programs in those annual appropriations bills and in other laws it enacts between HEA reauthorizations.

 

24


Table of Contents

The U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (the “HELP Committee”) held a series of hearings on the for-profit education sector during 2010 and 2011 relating to student recruiting, accreditation matters, student debt, student success and outcomes, and other matters. We received a substantial request for documents from the HELP Committee on August 5, 2010 in connection with the hearings and responded to the request. The request sought information and documents relating to our use of Federal resources, including how we recruit and enroll students, set program price or tuition, determine financial aid including private or institutional loans, track attendance, handle withdrawal of students and return of Title IV dollars and manage compliance with the 90/10 Rule. The request also sought an understanding of the number of students who complete or graduate from programs offered by our schools, how many of those students find new work in their educational area, the debt levels of students enrolling and completing programs and how we track and manage the number of students who risk default within the cohort default rate window. The hearings held by the HELP Committee were not formally related to the rulemaking process undertaken by the U.S. Department of Education described below. However, the hearings could lead to further investigations of proprietary schools and the proposal of revisions to the HEA and additional regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of Education.

The HELP Committee requested that the Government Accountability Office (“GAO”) perform an independent study of the for-profit education industry. The study is expected to be available sometime in 2011. In connection with a hearing held by the HELP Committee on August 4, 2010, the GAO conducted a series of undercover investigations into the enrollment and recruiting practices at fifteen for-profit institutions of higher education in which GAO investigators with hidden cameras posed as potential new student enrollees. The Chicago campus of Argosy University was included in the undercover investigation. The report presented by the GAO to the HELP Committee, which was originally issued in August 2010 and substantially revised in November 2010, stated that admissions representatives at all 15 of the for-profit institutions visited made “deceptive or otherwise questionable statements” to the GAO investigators. We disagreed with the findings at Argosy University and informed Sen. Harkin, Chairman of the HELP Committee, of our issues with the report.

Program Integrity Regulations. In November 2009, the U.S. Department of Education convened two negotiated rulemaking teams primarily related to Title IV program integrity issues. The resulting program integrity rules promulgated in October 2010 and June 2011 address numerous topics. The most significant for our business are the following:

 

   

The elimination of certain “safe harbors” that had allowed, under limited and prescribed circumstances, payment of certain types of compensation to employees (including higher level employees) and third parties involved in student enrollment, certain recruiting, admissions or financial aid activities;

 

   

Notifying the U.S. Department of Education of, and possibly obtaining its approval to offer, additional programs of study that lead to gainful employment;

 

   

Defining the standards that will be used to measure whether educational programs offered by for-profit post-secondary institutions prepare students for gainful employment;

 

   

Defining a credit hour for purposes of determining program eligibility for Title IV student financial aid;

 

   

Establishing more stringent state approval requirements that may require or encourage states to modify existing state approval and licensing processes;

 

   

Defining “academic attendance” to specifically exclude logging into an online class without active participation and otherwise generally limiting the types of activities that qualify as “academic attendance” in an online environment; and

 

   

Changing the definition of substantial misrepresentation to include, among other things, erroneous statements, including erroneous statements made by certain third-party vendors under contract to an institution, which may increase institutional liability and subject institutions to sanctions for statements containing inadvertent errors, and expose institutions to costly third-party litigation.

The U.S. Department of Education published the final program integrity regulations on October 29, 2010, with most of the final rules effective July 1, 2011, including some reporting and disclosure rules related to gainful employment. On June 13, 2011, the U.S. Department of Education published final regulations on metrics for gainful employment programs effective July 1, 2012. In addition to the rules, the U.S. Department of Education has issued several “Dear Colleague Letters” to provide sub-regulatory guidance on certain areas of final regulations. The guidance is provided to assist institutions with understanding the regulations in these areas.

 

25


Table of Contents

The program integrity rules require a large number of reporting and operational changes, some of which are described below. We may be subject to administrative or other sanctions if we are unable to comply with these reporting and disclosure requirements on a timely basis. In addition, these changes, individually or in combination, may impact our student enrollment, persistence and retention in ways that we cannot now predict and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We also cannot predict with certainty how the regulations will be interpreted or whether we and our schools will be able to comply with these requirements in the future. The new regulations may also subject us to qui tam lawsuits by private parties for alleged violations of the federal False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. § 3729 et seq. (“False Claims Act”) or state False Claims Acts. Any such actions by other bodies that affect our programs and operations or lawsuits under the False Claims Act could have a material adverse effect on our student population, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Incentive Compensation. The HEA provides that a school participating in Title IV programs may not pay any commission, bonus or other incentive payments to any person engaged in any student recruitment or admissions activity or awarding of Title IV program funds, if such payments are based directly or indirectly on success in enrolling students or obtaining student financial aid. The law and regulations governing this requirement do not establish clear criteria for compliance in all circumstances, but there were twelve safe harbors that defined specific types of compensation that were deemed to constitute permissible incentive compensation.

In the final regulations adopted by the U.S. Department of Education effective July 1, 2011, these twelve safe harbors were eliminated and, in lieu of the safe harbors, some of the relevant concepts relating to the incentive compensation limitations are defined. These changes increase the uncertainty about what constitutes incentive compensation and which employees are covered by the regulation. This makes the development of effective and compliant performance metrics more difficult to establish. We implemented a new compensation plan for our admissions representatives beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2011 in response to the revised compensation rules for employees who are engaged in recruiting of students or the awarding of financial aid and revised other practices. Our prior compensation plan was designed to comply with one of the safe harbors under the prior regulation which permitted two salary adjustments per year provided that the adjustments were not solely based on the number of students recruited, admitted, enrolled or awarded financial aid. In connection with the new compensation plan, we eliminated enrollment results as a component of compensation for our admissions representatives. These changes to our business practices may negatively affect student recruitment or enrollment due to a decreased productivity from our admissions representatives and may have a negative impact on the recruitment and retention of employees. The new compensation plan for our admissions representatives will result in a decrease in our revenues if we are unable to maintain or increase the number of students enrolled in our schools.

State Authorization. The final state authorization regulations require institutions that participate in Title IV programs to be authorized by name to offer post-secondary education by each state in which the institution is physically located. A state must also have a process to review and appropriately act on complaints concerning the institution, including enforcing applicable state laws. The U.S. Department of Education will determine whether a state’s institutional authorization and complaint process satisfies the U.S. Department of Education’s regulations. If a state was unable to establish an institutional authorization or complaint review process that satisfies the U.S. Department of Education’s regulations by July 1, 2011, the state had the option to request a one-year extension of the effective date of those regulations.

The state authorization regulations also provide that if an institution offers post-secondary education through distance education to students in a state in which the institution is not physically located, the institution must satisfy any requirements of that state for the institution to offer post-secondary distance education to students in that state. The U.S. Department of Education subsequently issued a “Dear Colleague Letter” on March 17, 2011 permitting institutions who have not obtained all state approvals necessary to offer distance education to students to be in compliance with the regulation for the federal award year ending June 30, 2012 if the institution makes a good faith effort to be in compliance by June 30, 2011. The U.S. Department of Education stated in a subsequent “Dear Colleague Letter” on April 20, 2011 that it would not initiate any action to establish repayment liabilities or limit student eligibility for distance education activities undertaken before July 1, 2014, so long as the institution is making good faith efforts to identify and obtain necessary state authorizations before that date. A federal District Court overturned the U.S. Department of Education’s regulation governing state authorizations of distance education programs in July 2011. We anticipate that the U.S. Department of Education will issue additional guidance in light of the court ruling.

As of June 30, 2011, we believe that:

 

   

All of our campuses were physically located in states that satisfied the U.S. Department of Education’s final rules regarding state authorization except for our schools located in California (14 schools) and Hawaii (one school). Both California and Hawaii have requested one-year extensions from the U.S. Department of Education to comply with the new regulations; and

 

26


Table of Contents
   

Each of our institutions that was offering programs of study through distance education to students in states in which the institution was not physically located satisfied any requirements of those states for the institution to offer post-secondary education to students located in that state or had made a good faith effort to comply with the state requirements.

We cannot predict the extent to which the U.S. Department of Education will determine that the institutional authorization or complaint review process of any state satisfies the U.S. Department of Education’s regulations. If any of our schools lost its eligibility to participate in Title IV programs because a state’s institutional authorization and complaint process does not satisfy the U.S. Department of Education’s regulations, we would likely be forced to close the school in that state. Closing multiple schools would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Additionally, though we made a good faith effort to comply with any required state licensing requirements for distance education in all jurisdictions where we have students, we may not be able to obtain all the necessary state authorizations. The failure to obtain any required authorizations from states where a significant number of our fully online students are located would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Clock Hours. The final rules related to determining when a program of study is required to measure student progress in clock hours, as opposed to credit hours, are unclear because they refer to a requirement to measure student progress in clock hours when receiving federal or state approval and many agencies do not inquire or mandate whether student progress is measured in clock hours when approving academic programs. We have reviewed the regulations of each applicable state agency to determine whether the agency would require our schools to measure certain academic programs in clock hours under the new rule. Where appropriate, we have contacted state agencies for clarification. Due to the number of programs affected and the uncertainty surrounding the interpretation of this rule, we continue to monitor this issue and anticipate that further guidance from the U.S. Department of Education will be forthcoming. Students attending credit hour programs of study that are required to be measured in clock hours will likely receive less funds from Title IV programs to pay their cost of education with respect to those programs of study and will receive those funds at a slower rate. Students interested in those programs of study may have to use more expensive private financing to pay their cost of education or may be unable to enroll in those programs of study. Students may determine that they do not qualify for private financing or that the private financing costs make borrowing too expensive, which may cause students to abandon or delay their education. Any or all of these factors, including additional guidance from the U.S. Department of Education which is contrary to our current understanding of the clock hour rule, could reduce our enrollment, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and stock price.

Substantial Misrepresentation. The new substantial misrepresentation regulation significantly expands what may constitute substantial misrepresentation by an institution, including statements about the nature of its educational programs, its financial charges or the employability of its graduates. Under the final rule, any false, erroneous, or misleading statement, or statement that has the likelihood or tendency to deceive or confuse, that an institution, one of its representatives, or person or entity with whom the institution has an agreement to provide educational programs, marketing, advertising, recruiting or admissions services, makes directly or indirectly to a student, prospective student, any member of the public, an accrediting agency, a state licensing agency or the U.S. Department of Education could be deemed a misrepresentation by the institution. In the event that the U.S. Department of Education determines that an institution engaged in a substantial misrepresentation, it can revoke the institution’s program participation agreement, impose limitations on the institution’s participation in Title IV programs, deny participation applications on behalf of the institution, or seek to fine, suspend or terminate the institution’s participation in Title IV programs. The new regulation could create an expanded role for the U.S. Department of Education in monitoring and enforcing prohibitions on misrepresentation, as well as encourage private litigants to seek to enforce the expanded regulations through False Claims Act litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Gainful Employment. Under the Higher Education Act, as reauthorized, with the exception of certain liberal arts degree programs proprietary schools are eligible to participate in Title IV programs only in respect of educational programs that lead to “gainful employment in a recognized occupation.” Historically, this concept has not been defined in detailed regulations. The final gainful employment rules set forth standards that will be used to measure “preparation for gainful employment” and also require schools to notify the U.S. Department of Education prior to offering additional programs of study. With regard to the advance notification requirements applicable to new programs, the final rules require us to notify the U.S. Department of Education at least 90 days in advance of starting classes in any new program of study. The notice must include, among other things, information with regard to:

 

   

How we determined that a need for the program existed;

 

   

How the program was designed to meet local market needs for programs delivered in residence, or regional or national market needs for programs delivered by distance education over the Internet;

 

   

Any wage analysis that the institution performed;

 

   

How the program was reviewed or approved by, or developed in conjunction with, business advisory committees, program integrity boards, public or private oversight or regulatory agencies and businesses that would likely employ graduates;

 

27


Table of Contents
   

The inclusion of the program in the institution’s accreditation; and

 

   

The date that the institution plans to start classes in the program.

The U.S. Department of Education will review our submitted information and advise us whether it must approve the new program of study. We do not know how the U.S. Department of Education will apply its rules with respect to additional programs. During fiscal 2011, we developed 16 academic programs not previously offered at any of our institutions and introduced over 350 academic programs to institutional locations that had not previously offered them. Any inability to obtain program approvals from the U.S. Department of Education in a timely manner could adversely impact our ability to serve new students and revise our programs to meet new areas of interest and respond to changing regulatory requirements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The final gainful employment rules also define – for the first time – the standards that will be used to measure “preparation for gainful employment.” The regulations use a similar framework to draft regulations proposed by the U.S. Department of Education in 2010, but revise certain requirements and extend the time period for compliance. The rules establish three annual standards related to student loan borrowing by which gainful employment will be gauged, effective July 1, 2012:

 

  1. Annual loan repayment rate, which measures the rate at which the federal student loan debt incurred by the applicable cohort of borrowers to attend the program is being repaid. Generally, the annual loan repayment rate for an academic program is the percentage of student loans incurred to fund the costs of a program that are in satisfactory repayment three to four years after entering repayment. Rates are calculated on a federal fiscal year basis. The repayment rate must be at least 35%. Institutions can challenge the repayment rate data using a process similar to one used to challenge cohort default rates.

 

  2.

Discretionary income ratio, which compares (i) the annual repayment required on student loan debt attributable to tuition and fees by students who completed the program to (ii) their discretionary income. The median annual loan payment amount (calculated as described below) for the applicable cohort of students may not be greater than 30% of the greater of their average or median discretionary income. Discretionary income is the annual earnings of a program completer minus 150% of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) poverty guideline for a single person in the continental United States. The debt-to-discretionary income ratio examines students in their third or fourth year after graduation, calculated on a federal fiscal year basis. The earnings used will generally be based on information received by the U.S. Department of Education from the Social Security Administration, subject to the use of the 25th percentile of Bureau of Labor Statistics income data for specific “standard of occupational classification” codes under certain circumstances for fiscal years 2012 through 2014.

 

  3.

Actual earnings ratio, which compares (i) the annual repayment required on student loan debt attributable to tuition and fees by students who completed the program to (ii) their actual annual earnings. The median annual loan payment amount for the applicable cohort of students may not be greater than 12% of the greater of their average or median annual earnings. The debt-to-total earnings ratio examines students in their third or fourth year after graduation, calculated on a federal fiscal year basis. The earnings used will generally be based on information received by the U.S. Department of Education from the Social Security Administration, subject to the use of the 25th percentile of Bureau of Labor Statistics income data for specific “standard of occupational classification” codes under certain circumstances for fiscal years 2012 through 2014.

If a program fails all three of the gainful employment metrics in a given year, the U.S. Department of Education requires the institution to disclose the amount by which the program under-performed the metrics and the institution’s plan for program improvement. Also, the institution must establish a three-day waiting period before students can enroll. Should a program fail to achieve the metrics twice within three years, the institution must continue to provide the first year disclosures and, among other things, also disclose to current and prospective students that they should expect to have difficulty repaying their student loans; provide an explanation of the risks associated with enrolling or continuing in the program, including the potential consequences for, and options available to, the student if the program becomes ineligible for Title IV funds; and explain the resources available to research other educational options and compare program costs. Should a program fail three times within a four year period, the U.S. Department of Education would terminate the program’s eligibility for federal student aid (i.e., students in the program would immediately lose eligibility to participate in Title IV programs), and the institution would not be able to reestablish the program’s eligibility for at least three years, though the program could continue to operate without student aid. The earliest a program could lose eligibility under the gainful employment rule will be 2015, based on the 2012, 2013 and 2014 metrics.

 

28


Table of Contents

The annual loan repayment for the debt-to-earnings ratios is derived by determining the median loan debt of the applicable cohort of students who completed the program, and includes most federal student loans, private loans, and debt obligations arising from institutional financing plans. The payment amounts are calculated on the basis of the interest rate then charged on federal direct unsubsidized student loans and the following amortization terms:

 

   

10 years for programs that lead to an undergraduate or post-baccalaureate certificate/diploma or to an associate’s degree;

 

   

15 years for programs that lead to a bachelor’s or master’s degree;

 

   

20 years for programs that lead to a doctoral or first-professional degree.

Because the U.S. Department of Education’s gainful employment rules will be implemented over several years and are based at least in part on data that is unavailable to us, it is not possible at this time to determine with any degree of certainty whether it will cause any of our programs to become ineligible to participate in the Title IV programs. However, under this new regulation the continuing eligibility of our educational programs for Title IV funding is at risk due to factors beyond our control, such as changes in the actual or deemed income level of our graduates, changes in student borrowing levels, increases in interest rates, changes in the federal poverty income level relevant for calculating discretionary income, changes in the percentage of our former students who are current in repayment of their student loans and other factors. In addition, even though deficiencies in the metrics may be correctible on a timely basis, the disclosure requirements to students following a failure to meet the standards may adversely impact enrollment in that program and may adversely impact the reputation of our educational institutions. We have implemented a number of initiatives to respond to the gainful employment rules, such as shorter programs and lowering the costs associated with a number of our programs. However, certain of our programs may be unable to maintain eligibility to enroll students receiving Title IV funds or have restrictions placed upon program offerings as a result of not meeting prescribed metrics. To the extent that our new programmatic offerings do not offset the loss of any of our current programs which do not satisfy one of the three metrics under the new gainful employment regulation, the loss of students or restrictions to program eligibility could have a material adverse effect on our student population, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

New Negotiated Rulemaking. On May 5, 2011, the U.S Department of Education announced its intention to establish additional negotiated rulemaking committees to prepare proposed regulations under the HEA. Three public hearings were conducted in May 2011 at which interested parties suggested issues that should be considered for action by the negotiating committees. The U.S Department of Education also conducted roundtable discussions to inform policy in the areas of teacher preparation, college completion, and the proposed “First in the World” competition.

Other Financial Assistance Sources

Students at several of our U.S. schools participate in state aid programs. In addition, certain students at some of our U.S. schools receive financial aid provided by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the U.S. Department of the Interior (Bureau of Indian Affairs) and the Rehabilitative Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Education (vocational rehabilitation funding). Effective August 1, 2009, the Post 9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 provided additional educational funding to eligible veterans who served in the U.S. military. During fiscal 2011, students attending our schools received approximately $129 million of financial aid from the Department of Veteran Affairs and the Department of Defense. Recently, some members of Congress have proposed substantially decreasing the amount of education benefits available to veterans, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and ability to comply with the 90/10 Rule. Our schools also provide institutional grants and scholarships to qualified students. In fiscal 2011, institutional scholarships had a value equal to approximately 4% of our net revenues.

There are private supplemental loan programs available to our students, and those programs allow students to repay a portion of their loans after graduation and make loans available to students with lower than average credit ratings. The primary objective of these loan programs is to facilitate funding which students can use to pay a portion of their tuition and fees that they are unable to pay through personal resources or government-backed loan programs. Such loans are without recourse to us or our schools. Revenues derived indirectly from private loans to students at our schools, excluding loans under the Education Finance Loan program that we introduced in fiscal 2008, represented approximately 3.2% and 4.5% of our net revenues in fiscal 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

29


Table of Contents

Approximately 75% of the private loans in fiscal 2011 were offered and serviced by two lenders. During the last several years, adverse market conditions for consumer student loans resulted in providers of private loans reducing the attractiveness and/or decreasing the availability of private loans to post-secondary students, including students with low credit scores who would not otherwise be eligible for credit-based private loans.

During fiscal 2011 we announced the termination of our Education Finance Loan program which enabled students who had exhausted all available government-sponsored or other aid and had been denied a private loan to borrow a portion of their tuition and other educational expenses at our schools not covered by other financial aid sources if they or a co-borrower met certain eligibility and underwriting criteria. Under the program, we purchased loans made by a private lender to students who attended our schools. In fiscal 2011, loans to students under the Education Finance Loan program represented approximately 0.5% of our net revenues as compared to 2.6% of our net revenues in fiscal 2010.

Federal Oversight of Title IV Programs

Our U.S. schools are subject to audits or program compliance reviews by various external agencies, including the U.S. Department of Education, its Office of Inspector General and state, guaranty and accrediting agencies. The HEA and its implementing regulations also require that an institution’s administration of Title IV program funds be audited annually by an independent accounting firm. If the U.S. Department of Education or another regulatory agency determines that an institution has improperly disbursed Title IV or state program funds or violated a provision of the HEA or state law or their implementing regulations, the affected institution may be required to repay such funds to the U.S. Department of Education or the appropriate state agency or lender and may be assessed an administrative fine and be subject to other sanctions. Although we endeavor to comply with all federal and state laws and implementing regulations, we cannot guarantee that our interpretation of the relevant rules will be upheld by the U.S. Department of Education or other agencies, or upon judicial review.

During fiscal 2011, five of our institutions were the subject of U.S. Department of Education program reviews as compared to three such reviews in fiscal 2010. We received final reports from the U.S. Department of Education for four program reviews in fiscal 2011, including the three program reviews performed in fiscal 2010, and have not received a final report for four of the program reviews performed in fiscal 2011. We were recently notified by the U.S. Department of Education that it plans to perform additional program reviews of South University in September 2011 and The Art Institute of California – Los Angeles in the first quarter of fiscal 2012.

On March 22, 2011, the Company received a subpoena from the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Education requesting documents related to satisfactory academic progress standards and state licensing of fully online programs offered by South University and The Art Institute of Pittsburgh for the period beginning January 1, 2006 through the date of the subpoena. We intend to cooperate with the subpoena and investigation. However, we cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.

If the U.S. Department of Education is dissatisfied with an institution’s administration of Title IV programs, it can transfer, without prior notice or judicial review, the institution from the advance system of receiving Title IV program funds to a cash monitoring or reimbursement method of payment, under which a school may have to advance its own funds to students and provide documentation to the U.S. Department of Education that the funds were properly disbursed prior to receiving reimbursement from Title IV programs. Each of our institutions disburses Title IV program funds under Level 1 heightened cash monitoring due to our failure to satisfy the U.S. Department of Education’s financial responsibility standards.

Violations or alleged violations of Title IV program requirements also could subject us to other civil and criminal proceedings and sanctions, suits under the federal False Claims Act or state False Claims Acts, limitations on our operations and ability to open new locations, or administrative proceedings to impose fines or limit, suspend or terminate our eligibility for participation in Title IV programs. The U.S. Department of Education also may initiate an emergency action to temporarily suspend an institution’s participation in Title IV programs without advance notice if it determines that a regulatory violation creates an imminent risk of material loss of public funds.

The HEA requires each accrediting agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education to undergo comprehensive periodic review by the U.S. Department of Education to ascertain whether such accrediting agency is adhering to required standards. If an accreditation agency loses its approval by the U.S. Department of Education, the HEA grants affected institutions reasonable opportunity to apply for accreditation from a different agency.

Cohort Default Rates. Under the HEA, an institution may lose its eligibility to participate in certain Title IV programs if the rates at which the institution’s students default on their federal student loans exceed specified percentages. The U.S. Department of Education calculates these rates for each institution on an annual basis, based on the number of students who have defaulted, not the dollar amount of such defaults. Each institution that participated in the Federal Family Education Loan (“FFEL”)/Direct Loan program and/or participates in the Direct Loan program receives a FFEL/Direct Loan cohort default rate for each federal fiscal year based on defaulted program loans. A federal fiscal year is October 1 through September 30. Currently, the U.S. Department of Education calculates an institution’s annual cohort default rate as the rate at which borrowers scheduled to begin repayment on their loans in one federal fiscal year default on those loans by the end of the next federal fiscal year (the “Two-Year CDR”). Beginning with the calculation of institutions’ cohort default rates for the 2009 federal fiscal year, which are expected to be calculated and published by the U.S. Department of Education in 2012, the period for which students’ defaults will be included in an institution’s cohort default rate will be extended by one year, so that the formula will be the rate at which borrowers scheduled to begin repayment on their loans in one federal fiscal year default on those loans by the end of the second succeeding federal fiscal year (“Three-Year CDR”).

 

30


Table of Contents

Under the Two-Year CDR, if an institution’s FFEL/Direct Loan cohort default rate equals or exceeds 25% for each of the three most recent federal fiscal years, it no longer will be eligible to participate in the FFEL/Direct Loan and Pell programs for the remainder of the federal fiscal year in which the U.S. Department of Education determines that such institution has lost its eligibility and for the two subsequent federal fiscal years. If an institution’s FFEL/Direct Loan cohort default rate exceeds 40% for any single fiscal year, it no longer will be eligible to participate in the FFEL and Direct Loan programs for the remainder of the federal fiscal year in which the U.S. Department of Education determines that such institution has lost its eligibility and for the two subsequent federal fiscal years. If, at any given point, an institution’s Perkins cohort default rate equals or exceeds 50% for each of the three most recent federal fiscal years it no longer will be eligible to participate in the Perkins programs for the remainder of the federal fiscal year, in which the U.S. Department of Education determines that such institution has lost its eligibility and for the two subsequent federal fiscal years.

None of our schools has had an FFEL/Direct Loan cohort default rate of 25% or greater for any of the last three consecutive federal fiscal years. The most recent year for which FFEL/Direct Loan two-year cohort default rates have been calculated is federal fiscal year 2008. The weighted average of the combined official FFEL/Direct Loan cohort default rate for borrowers at our institutions for federal fiscal year 2008 was 7.3%, and our individual institutions’ official rates ranged from 1.3% to 12.7%. The weighted average of the combined draft FFEL/Direct Loan cohort default rates for borrowers at our schools for fiscal 2009, which will be finalized in September 2011, was 13.1% and our individual schools’ rates ranged from 0.6% to 18.0%. We believe that the increase in the preliminary Two-Year CDR average for federal fiscal year 2009 compared to the official Two-Year CDR average for federal fiscal year 2008 was due in part to the servicing on the FFEL loans that were purchased by the U.S. Department of Education from the lenders and not serviced in accordance with prior standards after purchase.

As a result of the extended default period under the Three-Year CDR calculation, most institutions’ respective cohort default rates are expected to materially increase when rates based upon the new calculation method first are published after October 1, 2011. The HEA reauthorization provided some relief from the anticipated increase in cohort default rates by increasing the default rate threshold from 25% to 30% effective October 1, 2011 and by requiring that the rate as calculated under the old methodology will be used in determining sanctions associated with high cohort default rates until the Three-Year CDRs have been calculated and issued for fiscal 2009, 2010 and 2011, the latter of which is expected to be calculated and issued in 2014.

If an institution’s FFEL/Direct Loan cohort default rate equals or exceeds 25% in any of the three most recent federal fiscal years, or if its cohort default rate for loans under the Perkins program exceeds 15% for the most recent federal award year (July 1 through June 30), that institution may be placed on provisional certification status for up to three years. Provisional certification by itself does not limit an institution’s access to Title IV program funds but does subject that institution to closer review by the U.S. Department of Education and possible summary adverse action if the U.S. Department of Education determines that the institution is unable to meet its responsibilities under its program participation agreement.

As of June 30, 2011, 40 of our schools had Perkins cohort default rates in excess of 15% for students who were to begin repayment during the federal award year ended June 30, 2010, the most recent year for which such rates have been calculated. Funds from the Perkins program did not exceed 0.2% of these schools’ respective net revenues in fiscal 2011. None of these schools has been placed on provisional certification for this reason.

Each of our schools whose students participate in the FFEL/Direct Loan program maintains a student loan default management plan if its default rate equals or exceeds 5%. Those plans provide for extensive loan counseling, methods to increase student persistence and completion rates and graduate employment rates, strategies to increase graduate salaries and, for most schools, the use of external agencies to assist the school with loan counseling and loan servicing after a student ceases to attend that school. These activities are in addition to the loan servicing and collection activities of FFEL/Direct Loan lenders and guaranty agencies. The historical default rates experienced by Argosy University and Western State University College of Law have been relatively low, and therefore these schools have engaged in significantly fewer default management activities.

Recertification of Title IV Eligibility. The U.S. Department of Education is required to conduct periodic reviews to determine whether to renew the eligibility and certification of every institution participating in Title IV programs. Generally such reviews occur every six years, although it typically occurs after three years for an institution on provisional certification. A denial of renewal of certification precludes a school from continuing to participate in Title IV programs. Currently all of our schools are operating under provisional program participation agreements with the U.S. Department of Education due to the debt incurred and goodwill recorded in connection with the Transaction.

 

31


Table of Contents

Financial Responsibility Standards. Education institutions participating in Title IV programs must satisfy a series of specific standards of financial responsibility. The U.S. Department of Education has adopted standards to determine an institution’s financial responsibility to participate in Title IV programs. The regulations establish three ratios: (i) the equity ratio, intended to measure an institution’s capital resources, ability to borrow and financial viability; (ii) the primary reserve ratio, intended to measure an institution’s ability to support current operations from expendable resources; and (iii) the net income ratio, intended to measure an institution’s profitability. Each ratio is calculated separately, based on the figures in the institution’s most recent annual audited financial statements, and then weighted and combined to arrive at a single composite score. The composite score must be at least 1.5 in order for the institution to be deemed financially responsible without conditions or additional oversight. If an institution fails to meet any of these requirements, the U.S. Department of Education may set restrictions on the institution’s eligibility to participate in Title IV programs. Institutions are evaluated for compliance with these requirements as part of the U.S. Department of Education’s renewal of certification process and also annually as each institution submits its audited financial statements to the U.S. Department of Education. Following the Transaction, the U.S. Department of Education separately considered our and our schools’ compliance with the financial responsibility requirements at our consolidated level. As of June 30, 2011, we did not meet the required quantitative measures of financial responsibility on a consolidated basis due to our failure to satisfy the financial responsibility standards after the completion of the Transaction resulting from the amount of indebtedness we incurred and goodwill we recorded in connection with the Transaction. Accordingly, we are required by the U.S. Department of Education to post a letter of credit and all of our schools have been provisionally certified to participate in Title IV programs. As a result of being provisionally certified, our schools are subject to possible summary adverse action if the U.S. Department of Education determines that they are unable to meet their obligations under their respective program participation agreements and are also subject to additional financial and cash monitoring of our disbursements of Title IV funds. The amount of the letter of credit is currently set at 15% of the Title IV program funds received by students at our schools during fiscal 2010, or $361.5 million. The letter of credit, provisional certification and financial and heightened cash monitoring will be in effect until at least June 2012 and are likely to continue beyond that date. The U.S. Department of Education also has the discretion to impose additional conditions or limitations. The implementation of heightened cash monitoring has not materially impacted our cash flows from operations. Outstanding letters of credit reduce the availability under our revolving credit facility. In the future, we may not have sufficient letter of credit capacity to satisfy the letter of credit requirement for the U.S. Department of Education.

Return of Title IV Funds. Institutions that receive Title IV funds must follow requirements that ensure the return to the federal student financial aid programs of all unearned funds of a student who withdraws from a program. If refunds are not properly calculated and timely paid, institutions are subject to adverse actions by the U.S. Department of Education. Our independent Title IV compliance audits for fiscal 2011 are currently in process.

Administrative Capability Requirements. Regulations of the U.S. Department of Education specify extensive criteria an institution must satisfy to establish that it has the requisite “administrative capability” to participate in Title IV programs. These criteria require, among other things, that the institution comply with all applicable federal student financial aid regulations, have capable and sufficient personnel to administer Title IV programs, have acceptable methods of defining and measuring the satisfactory academic progress of its students, provide financial aid counseling to its students and submit all reports and financial statements required by the regulations. If an institution fails to satisfy any of these criteria, the U.S. Department of Education may require the repayment of federal student financial aid funds, transfer the institution from the advance system of payment of Title IV program funds to the cash monitoring or reimbursement method of payment, place the institution on provisional certification status or commence a proceeding to impose a fine or to limit, suspend or terminate the participation of the institution in Title IV programs. During fiscal 2012, fourteen of our institutions must be recertified by the U.S. Department of Education.

Restrictions on Operating Additional Schools. The HEA generally requires that certain educational institutions be in full operation for two years before applying to participate in Title IV programs. However, under the HEA and applicable regulations, an institution that is certified to participate in Title IV programs may establish an additional location and apply to participate in Title IV programs at that location without reference to the two-year requirement if such additional location satisfies all other applicable requirements. In addition, a school that undergoes a change of ownership resulting in a change of control (as defined under the HEA) must be reviewed and recertified for participation in Title IV programs under its new

 

32


Table of Contents

ownership. All of our schools are currently provisionally certified due to the Transaction. During the time when a school is provisionally certified, it may be subject to summary adverse action for a material violation of Title IV program requirements and may not establish additional locations without prior approval from the U.S. Department of Education. However, provisional certification does not otherwise limit an institution’s access to Title IV program funds. Our expansion plans are based, in part, on our ability to add additional locations and acquire schools that can be recertified. The U.S. Department of Education informed us following the Transaction that it would not seek to impose growth restrictions on any of our schools as a result of the Transaction. Additionally, in May 2010 the U.S. Department of Education notified us that it will process requests for new locations and programs under our existing expansion plans and requested notification from us of any expansion beyond our existing plans in order to analyze those plans.

The “90/10 Rule”. Under a provision of the HEA commonly referred to as the “90/10 Rule”, an institution will cease to be eligible to participate in Title IV programs if, on a cash accounting basis, more than 90% of its revenues for each of two consecutive fiscal years were derived from Title IV programs. If an institution loses its Title IV eligibility under the 90/10 Rule, it may not reapply for eligibility until the end of two fiscal years. Institutions which fail to satisfy the 90/10 Rule for one fiscal year are placed on provisional certification. For our institutions that disbursed federal financial aid during fiscal 2011, the percentage of revenues derived from Title IV programs ranged from approximately 88% to 57%, with a weighted average of approximately 78% as compared to a weighted average of approximately 77% in fiscal 2010. The revised rules included in the 2008 HEA reauthorization include relief through June 30, 2011 from a $2,000 increase in the annual Stafford loan availability for undergraduate students which became effective July 1, 2008. We anticipate that our 90/10 rate will increase substantially in fiscal 2012 in the event that relief from this additional $2,000 is not extended beyond June 30, 2011, which would adversely affect our ability to comply with the 90/10 Rule. While our consolidated 90/10 rate for fiscal 2012 is projected to remain under the 90% threshold, we project that some of our institutions will not comply with the 90/10 Rule in fiscal 2012 if the relief provided in the most recent HEA reauthorization is not extended. Continued decreases in the availability of state grants, together with the inability of households to pay cash due to the current economic climate and decreased availability of private loans, also have adversely impacted our ability to comply with the 90/10 Rule because state grants generally are considered cash payments for purposes of the 90/10 Rule. During fiscal 2011, students attending our schools received approximately $129 million of financial aid from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Defense. Some members of Congress have proposed substantially decreasing the amount of education benefits available to veterans and the budget for the U.S. Department of Defense in connection with the current federal budget issues. A material decrease to the funding of military education benefit programs would have a materially adverse effect on our ability to comply with the 90/10 Rule. If any of our institutions violates the 90/10 Rule, its ineligibility to participate in Title IV programs for at least two years would have a material adverse effect on our enrollments, net revenues and results of operations.

State Authorization and Accreditation Agencies

Each of our U.S. campuses is authorized to offer education programs and grant degrees or diplomas by the state in which such school is physically located. The level of regulatory oversight varies substantially from state to state. Some states assert jurisdiction over online educational institutions that offer educational services to residents in the state or that advertise or recruit in the state, notwithstanding the lack of a physical location in the state. State laws may establish standards for instruction, qualifications of faculty, location and nature of facilities, financial policies, marketing and recruiting activities and other operational matters. State laws and regulations may limit our ability to obtain authorization to operate in certain states or to award degrees or diplomas or offer new degree programs. Certain states prescribe standards of financial responsibility and other operating standards that are different from those prescribed by the U.S. Department of Education. If we are found not to be in compliance with an applicable state regulation and a state seeks to restrict one or more of our business activities within its boundaries, we may not be able to recruit or enroll students in that state and may have to cease providing services and advertising in that state, which could have a material adverse effect on our student enrollment and revenues.

Each of our U.S. schools is accredited by a national or regional accreditation agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, and some educational programs are also programmatically accredited. The level of regulatory oversight and standards can vary based on the agency. Accreditation agencies prescribe standards that are different from those prescribed by the U.S. Department of Education.

 

33


Table of Contents

If a school does not meet its accreditation or state requirements, its accreditation and/or state licensing could be limited, modified, suspended or terminated. Failure to maintain licensure or institutional accreditation makes a school ineligible to participate in Title IV programs. As discussed above under “Program Integrity Regulations,” the U.S. Department of Education has adopted regulations that require institutions to be authorized by a state agency meeting certain requirements in order to be eligible to participate in the Title IV programs. Certain of our schools are located in states, including California and Hawaii, that do not meet these new requirements and have applied for extensions of time to amend their requirements. We cannot predict the extent to which the U.S. Department of Education will determine that the institutional authorization or complaint review process of any state satisfies the U.S. Department of Education’s regulations. If any of our schools were to lose its eligibility to participate in Title IV programs because a state’s institutional authorization and complaint process does not satisfy the U.S. Department of Education’s regulations and the U.S. Department of Education does not grant an extension, we would likely be forced to close the school in that state. Closing multiple schools would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Certain of the state authorizing agencies and accrediting agencies with jurisdiction over our schools also have requirements that may, in certain instances, limit our ability to open a new school, acquire an existing school, establish an additional location of an existing school or add new educational programs.

Canadian Regulation and Financial Aid

The Art Institute of Vancouver is subject to regulation in the Province of British Columbia and in the provinces in which it recruits students. Depending on their province of residence, our Canadian students may receive loans under the federally funded Canada Student Loan Program and/or provincial funding from their province of residence. Canadian schools must meet eligibility standards to administer these programs and must comply with all relevant statutes, rules, regulations and requirements. We believe that The Art Institute of Vancouver currently holds all necessary registrations, approvals and permits and meets all eligibility requirements to administer these governmental financial aid programs. If The Art Institute of Vancouver cannot meet these and other eligibility standards or fails to comply with applicable requirements, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

The British Columbia government, through its Ministry of Advanced Education and Labour Market Development, regulates private career colleges through an arms length accreditation and registration body called the Private Career Training Institutions Agency of British Columbia (“PCTIA”) and provides financial assistance to eligible students through the StudentAid BC (“SABC”). The student aid program includes a federal component under the Canada Student Loan Program and a provincial portion administered through the provincial SABC program. In order to maintain the right to administer student assistance, The Art Institute of Vancouver must abide by the rules, regulations and administrative manuals and Memorandum of Agreements with the Canada Student Loan Program and the SABC programs.

Post-secondary institutions located in Vancouver which have a student loan default rate equal to or greater than 28% are subject to review by SABC and may lose eligibility to participate in SABC financial aid programs for at least two years as a result of the review. The compliance staff of SABC work with schools with high default rates to manage and seek solutions for high defaults rates. In 2010, the official default rates for The Art Institute of Vancouver and its branch location were 15.8% and 11.2%, respectively.

Institutions cannot automatically acquire student aid designation through the acquisition of other student aid eligible institutions. In the event of a change of ownership, including a change in controlling interest, the Ministry of Advanced Education and Labour Market Development as well as SABC require evidence that the institution has continued capacity and a formal undertaking to comply with registration and student aid eligibility requirements. Given that the Province of British Columbia and PCTIA periodically revise their respective regulations and other requirements and change their respective interpretations of existing laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that the provincial government and PCTIA will agree with our interpretation of each requirement.

Canadian schools are required to audit their administration of student aid programs annually or as otherwise directed by SABC. We believe that we have complied with these requirements.

Employees

At June 30, 2011, we employed approximately 14,500 full time employees, of whom approximately 3,300 were faculty members, and approximately 2,400 part-time employees, of whom approximately 2,200 were faculty members. In addition, we also employed approximately 8,300 adjunct faculty members at June 30, 2011. Adjunct faculty members are employed on a term-to-term basis, while part-time faculty members work a regular part-time schedule.

 

34


Table of Contents

Competition

The post-secondary education market is highly fragmented and competitive. Our schools compete for students with traditional public and private two-year and four-year colleges and universities and other for-profit providers, including those that offer distance learning programs. Many public and private colleges and universities, as well as other for-profit providers, offer programs similar to those we offer. Public institutions receive substantial government subsidies, and both public and private institutions have access to government and foundation grants, tax-deductible contributions and other financial resources generally not available to for-profit providers. Accordingly, public and private institutions may have facilities and equipment superior to those in the for-profit sector and often can offer lower effective tuition prices. Some of our competitors in both the public and private sectors also have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do.

Seasonality in Results of Operations

Our quarterly revenues and income fluctuate primarily as a result of the pattern of student enrollments at our schools. The seasonality of our business has decreased over the last several years due to an increased percentage of students enrolling in online programs, which generally experience fewer seasonal fluctuations than campus-based programs. Our first fiscal quarter is typically our lowest revenue recognition quarter due to student vacations.

Availability of Reports

We make available financial information, news releases and other information on our Web site at www.edmc.edu. Information contained on our Web site is not part of this Form 10-K or our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. There is a direct link from the Web site to our Securities and Exchange Commission filings, where our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such reports and amendments with, or furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Investors may also contact Investor Relations at 210 Sixth Avenue, 33rd Floor, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222 or call (412) 562-0900 to obtain a hard copy of these reports without charge.

 

35


Table of Contents
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following risks comprise all the material risks of which we are aware; however, these risks and uncertainties may not be the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business or financial performance. If any of the events or developments described below actually occurred, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR HIGHLY REGULATED INDUSTRY

Increased scrutiny of post-secondary education providers by Congress, state Attorneys General and various governmental agencies may lead to increased regulatory burdens and costs.

We and other post-secondary education providers have been subject to increased regulatory scrutiny and litigation in recent years. State Attorneys General, the Department of Education, Congress and other parties have increasingly focused on allegations of improper recruiter compensation practices and deceptive marketing practices, among other issues. For example, in May 2011 the U.S. Department of Education announced its intention to establish additional negotiated rulemaking sessions to prepare proposed regulations under the HEA. The U.S. Senate HELP Committee held a series of hearings on the for-profit education sector during 2010 and 2011 relating to student recruiting, accreditation matters, student debt, student success and outcomes, and other matters. The HELP Committee requested that the Government Accountability Office (“GAO”) perform an independent study of the for-profit education industry. The study is expected to be available sometime in 2011. Additionally, a number of state Attorneys General have recently launched investigations into post-secondary education institutions, including some of our schools. We received subpoenas from the Attorneys General of Florida and Kentucky in October 2010 and December 2010, respectively, in connection with investigations of our institutions and their business practices. We have nine schools located in Florida and three schools located in Kentucky. In July 2011, the Attorney General of Kentucky announced a national bipartisan effort including 19 states to examine potential abuses in the for-profit education industry. While the initial goal of the joint investigation is sharing information between the Attorneys General about potential violations of consumer protection laws, the Attorney General of Kentucky indicated that the Attorneys General may ultimately attempt to compel for-profit institutions located in their respective jurisdictions to revise their recruiting practices. We cannot predict the extent to which, or whether, these hearings and investigations will result in legislation, further rulemaking affecting our participation in Title IV programs, or litigation alleging statutory violations, regulatory infractions or common law causes of action. The adoption of any law or regulation that reduces funding for federal student financial aid programs or the ability of our schools or students to participate in these programs would have a material adverse effect on our student population and revenue. Legislative action also may increase our administrative costs and require us to modify our practices in order for our schools to comply fully with applicable requirements. Additionally, actions by state Attorneys General and other governmental agencies could damage our reputation and limit our ability to recruit and enroll students, which would reduce student demand for our programs and adversely impact our revenue.

Failure of our schools to comply with extensive regulations could result in monetary liabilities or assessments, restrictions on our operations, limitations on our growth or loss of external financial aid funding for our students.

A substantial majority of our net revenues are indirectly derived from federal student financial aid programs pursuant to Title IV of the HEA. Our participation in Title IV programs is subject to certification and oversight by the U.S. Department of Education and is further conditioned upon approvals granted by other agencies. Each of our schools also must obtain and maintain approval to enroll students, offer instruction and grant credentials from the state authorizing agency in the state in which the school is located. Such approval is also a precondition to the ability of our students to participate in Title IV programs. Participation in Title IV programs also requires each school to be accredited by an accrediting agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as a reliable authority on institutional quality and integrity. Accreditation is, in turn, conditioned upon the maintenance of applicable state authorization. Our schools also must comply with the requirements of any loan guarantee agencies that guarantee certain federal student loans made to our schools’ students, the requirements of such state financial aid programs as may be available to our students and the requirements of specialized accrediting agencies which oversee educational quality in particular program areas. As a result, our schools are subject to extensive regulation and review by these agencies which cover virtually all phases of our operations. These regulations also affect our ability to acquire or open additional schools, add new educational programs, substantially change existing programs or change our corporate or ownership structure. The agencies that regulate our operations periodically revise their requirements and modify their interpretations of existing requirements. See “Business — Accreditation”, “Business — Student Financial Assistance”, “Business — Federal Oversight of Title IV Programs”, “Business — State Authorization and Accreditation Agencies” and “Business — Canadian Regulation and Financial Aid”.

 

36


Table of Contents

If any of our schools were to violate or fail to meet any of these legal and regulatory requirements, we could suffer monetary liabilities or assessments, limitations on our operating activities, loss of accreditation, limitations on our ability to add new schools or offer new programs, termination of or limitations on the school’s ability to grant degrees and certificates, or limitations on or suspension or termination of the school’s eligibility to participate in federal student financial aid programs. A significant portion of our students rely on federal student financial aid funds to finance their education. We cannot predict with certainty how all of these requirements will be applied or interpreted by a regulatory body or whether each of our schools will be able to comply with all of the applicable requirements in the future.

The U.S. Department of Education’s program integrity regulations could materially and adversely affect our operations, business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

On October 29, 2010, U.S. Department of Education issued final regulations pertaining to certain aspects of the administration of the Title IV programs, including, but not limited to state authorization, gainful employment, compensation rules for persons engaged in certain aspects of admissions and financial aid, determination of attendance and definitions of a “credit hour” and a “substantial misrepresentation”. With minor exceptions, these regulations became effective July 1, 2011.

These new regulations could have significant impacts on our business. Among the most significant regulatory changes that we have identified for our business are:

 

   

The elimination of certain “safe harbors” that had allowed, under limited and prescribed circumstances, payment of certain types of compensation to employees (including higher level employees) and third parties involved in student enrollment, certain recruiting, admissions or financial aid activities;

 

   

Notifying the U.S. Department of Education of, and obtaining its approval to offer, additional programs of study that lead to gainful employment, as part of the gainful employment regulations described further below;

 

   

Defining a credit hour for purposes of determining program eligibility for Title IV student financial aid;

 

   

Establishing more stringent state approval requirements that may require or encourage states to modify existing state approval and licensing processes;

 

   

Defining “academic attendance” to specifically exclude logging into an online class without active participation and otherwise generally limiting the types of activities that qualify as “academic attendance” in an online environment; and

 

   

Changing the definition of substantial misrepresentation to include, among other things, erroneous statements, including erroneous statements made by certain third-party vendors under contract to an institution, which may increase institutional liability and subject institutions to sanctions for statements containing inadvertent errors, and expose institutions to costly third-party litigation.

We implemented a new compensation plan for our admissions representatives beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2011 in response to the revised compensation rules for employees who are engaged in recruiting of students or the awarding of financial aid and revised other practices. In connection with the new compensation plan, we eliminated enrollment results as a component of compensation for our admissions representatives. We believe that these changes to our business practices have negatively affected student recruitment or enrollment due to a decreased productivity from our admissions representatives and may have a negative impact on the recruitment and retention of employees. The new compensation plan for our admissions representatives will result in a decrease to our revenues if we are unable to maintain or increase the number of students enrolled in our schools.

The final rules related to notifying the U.S. Department of Education, and obtaining its approval to offer, additional programs of study (other than certain liberal arts degree programs) require us to notify the U.S. Department of Education at least 90 days in advance of starting classes in any new program of study. The notice must include, among other things, information with regard to:

 

   

How we determined that a need for the program existed;

 

   

How the program was designed to meet local market needs for programs delivered in residence, or regional or national market needs for programs delivered by distance education over the Internet;

 

   

Any wage analysis that the institution performed;

 

37


Table of Contents
   

How the program was reviewed or approved by, or developed in conjunction with, business advisory committees, program integrity boards, public or private oversight or regulatory agencies and businesses that would likely employ graduates;

 

   

The inclusion of the program in the institution’s accreditation; and

 

   

The date that the institution plans to start classes in the program.

The U.S. Department of Education will review our submitted information and advise us whether it must approve the new program of study. We do not know how the U.S. Department of Education will apply its rules with respect to additional programs. During fiscal 2011, we developed 16 academic programs not previously offered at any of our institutions and introduced over 350 academic programs to institutional locations that had not previously offered them. Any inability to obtain program approvals from the U.S. Department of Education in a timely manner could adversely impact our ability to serve new students and revise our programs to meet new areas of interest and respond to changing regulatory requirements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Under the U.S. Department of Education’s final rules regarding state authorization, institutions that participate in Title IV Programs must be authorized by name to offer post-secondary education by each state in which the institution is physically located. A state must also have a process to review and appropriately act on complaints concerning the institution, including enforcing applicable state laws. The U.S. Department of Education will determine whether a state’s institutional authorization and complaint process satisfies the U.S. Department of Education’s regulations. If a state was unable to establish an institutional authorization or complaint review process that satisfies the U.S. Department of Education’s regulations by July 1, 2011, the state had the option to request a one-year extension of the effective date of those regulations.

The state authorization regulations also provide that if an institution offers post-secondary education through distance education to students in a state in which the institution is not physically located, the institution must satisfy any requirements of that state for the institution to offer post-secondary distance education to students in that state. The U.S. Department of Education subsequently issued a “Dear Colleague Letter” on March 17, 2011 permitting institutions who have not obtained all state approvals necessary to offer distance education to students to be in compliance with the regulation for the federal award year ending June 30, 2012 if the institution makes a good faith effort to be in compliance by June 30, 2011. The U.S. Department of Education stated in a subsequent “Dear Colleague Letter” on April 20, 2011 that it would not initiate any action to establish repayment liabilities or limit student eligibility for distance education activities undertaken before July 1, 2014, so long as the institution is making good faith efforts to identify and obtain necessary state authorizations before that date. A federal District Court overturned the U.S. Department of Education’s regulation governing state authorizations of distance education programs in July 2011. We anticipate that the U.S. Department of Education will issue additional guidance in light of the court ruling.

As of June 30, 2011, we believe that:

 

   

All of our campuses were physically located in states that satisfied the U.S. Department of Education’s final rules regarding state authorization except for our schools located in California (14 schools) and Hawaii (one school). Both California and Hawaii have requested one-year extensions from the U.S. Department of Education to comply with the new regulations; and

 

   

Each of our institutions that was offering programs of study through distance education to students in states in which the institution was not physically located satisfied any requirements of those states for the institution to offer post-secondary education to students located in that state or had made a good faith effort to comply with the state requirements.

We cannot predict the extent to which the U.S. Department of Education will determine that the institutional authorization or complaint review process of any state satisfies the U.S. Department of Education’s regulations. If any of our schools lost its eligibility to participate in Title IV programs because a state’s institutional authorization and complaint process does not satisfy the U.S. Department of Education’s regulations, we would likely be forced to close the school in that state. Closing multiple schools would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Additionally, though we made a good faith effort to comply with any required state licensing requirements for distance education in all jurisdictions where we have students, we may not be able to obtain all the necessary state authorizations. The failure to obtain any required authorizations from states where a significant number of our fully online students are located would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

38


Table of Contents

The final rules related to determining when a program of study is required to measure student progress in clock hours, as opposed to credit hours, are unclear because they refer to a requirement to measure student progress in clock hours when receiving Federal or State approval and many agencies do not inquire or mandate whether student progress is measured in clock hours when approving academic programs. We have reviewed the regulations of each applicable state agency to determine whether the agency would require our schools to measure certain academic programs in clock hours under the new rule. Where appropriate, we have contacted state agencies for clarification. Due to the number of programs affected and the uncertainty surrounding the interpretation of this rule, we continue to monitor this issue and anticipate that further guidance from the U.S. Department of Education will be forthcoming. Students attending credit hour programs of study that are required to be measured in clock hours will likely receive less funds from Title IV programs to pay their cost of education with respect to those programs of study and will receive those funds at a slower rate. Students interested in those programs of study may have to use more expensive private financing to pay their cost of education or may be unable to enroll in those programs of study. Students may determine that they do not qualify for private financing or that the private financing costs make borrowing too expensive, which may cause students to abandon or delay their education. Any or all of these factors, including additional guidance from the U.S. Department of Education which is contrary to our current understanding of the clock hour rule, could reduce our enrollment, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and stock price.

The new substantial misrepresentation regulation significantly expands what may constitute substantial misrepresentation by an institution, including statements about the nature of its educational programs, its financial charges or the employability of its graduates. Under the final rule, any false, erroneous, or misleading statement, or statement that has the likelihood or tendency to deceive or confuse, that an institution, one of its representatives, or person or entity with whom the institution has an agreement to provide educational programs, marketing, advertising, recruiting or admissions services, makes directly or indirectly to a student, prospective student, any member of the public, an accrediting agency, a state licensing agency or the U.S. Department of Education could be deemed a misrepresentation by the institution. In the event that the U.S. Department of Education determines that an institution engaged in a substantial misrepresentation, it can revoke the institution’s program participation agreement, impose limitations on the institution’s participation in Title IV programs, deny participation applications on behalf of the institution, or seek to fine, suspend or terminate the institution’s participation in Title IV programs. The new regulation could create an expanded role for the U.S. Department of Education in monitoring and enforcing prohibitions on misrepresentation, as well as encourage private litigants to seek to enforce the expanded regulations through False Claims Act litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The program integrity rules require a large number of reporting and operational changes. We may be subject to administrative or other sanctions if we are unable to comply with these reporting and disclosure requirements on a timely basis. In addition, these changes, individually or in combination, may impact our student enrollment, persistence and retention in ways that we cannot now predict and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We also cannot predict with certainty how the regulations will be interpreted or whether we and our schools will be able to comply with these requirements in the future. The new regulations may also subject us to qui tam lawsuits by private parties for alleged violations of the federal False Claims Act or similar state False Claims Acts. Any such actions by other bodies that affect our programs and operations or lawsuits under the False Claims Act could have a material adverse effect on our student population, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

If any of our programs fail to qualify as programs leading to “gainful employment” in a recognized occupation under U.S. Department of Education regulations, students in those programs would be unable to obtain Title IV funds to finance their education and, if student demand for those programs declined significantly, we may determine to cease offering those programs.

U.S. Department of Education promulgated final regulations on June 13, 2011, imposing additional Title IV program eligibility requirements on educational programs. See Part I, Item 1 “Business — Student Financial Assistance — Program Integrity Regulations — Gainful Employment.”

Because the U.S. Department of Education’s gainful employment rules will be implemented over several years and are based at least in part on data that is unavailable to us, it is not possible at this time to determine with any degree of certainty whether it will cause any of our programs to become ineligible to participate in the Title IV programs. However, under this new regulation the continuing eligibility of our educational programs for Title IV funding is at risk due to factors beyond our control, such as changes in the actual or deemed income level of our graduates, changes in student borrowing levels, increases in interest rates, changes in the federal poverty income level relevant for calculating discretionary income, changes in the percentage of our former students who are current in repayment of their student loans, and other factors. In addition, even though deficiencies in the metrics may be correctible on a timely basis, the disclosure requirements to students following a failure to meet the standards may adversely impact enrollment in that program and may adversely impact the reputation of our educational institutions. We have implemented a number of initiatives to respond to the gainful employment rules, such as shorter programs and lowering the costs associated with a number of our

 

39


Table of Contents

programs. However, certain of our programs may be unable to maintain eligibility to enroll students receiving Title IV funds or have restrictions placed upon program offerings as a result of not meeting prescribed metrics. To the extent that our new programmatic offerings do not offset the loss of any of our current programs which do not satisfy one of the three metrics under the new gainful employment regulation, the loss of students or restrictions to program eligibility could have a material adverse effect on our student population, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

If we fail to obtain periodic recertifications for our schools to participate in Title IV programs, or if our certifications are withdrawn by the U.S. Department of Education prior to the next scheduled recertification, students at the affected schools would no longer be able to receive Title IV program funds.

Our schools are required to seek recertifications from the U.S. Department of Education approximately every three years in order to participate in Title IV programs due to their provisional certification status. The current provisional certifications of our schools expire as follows: 14 schools expire during fiscal 2012; seven schools expire during fiscal 2013; and two schools expire during fiscal 2014. The U.S Department of Education typically performs a program review of all Title IV eligible institutions every six years, though recently they have increased the number of programs reviews they perform. Five reviews of our institutions were performed in fiscal 2011 as compared to three such reviews in fiscal 2010. We received final reports from the U.S. Department for four program reviews in fiscal 2011, including the three program reviews performed in fiscal 2010, and have not received a final report for four of the program reviews performed in fiscal 2011. We were recently notified by the U.S. Department of Education that it plans to perform additional program reviews of South University in September 2011 and The Art Institute of California – Los Angeles in the first quarter of fiscal 2012. The U.S. Department of Education will also review our schools’ continued certifications in the event that we undergo a change of ownership and control pursuant to U.S. Department of Education regulations. In addition, the U.S. Department of Education may take emergency action to suspend any of our schools’ certification without advance notice if it receives reliable information that a school is violating Title IV requirements and determines that immediate action is necessary to prevent misuse of Title IV funds. If the U.S. Department of Education were to decide not to renew or to withdraw our certification to participate in Title IV programs at any time, our students no longer would be able to receive Title IV program funds, which would have a material adverse effect on our enrollments, revenues and results of operations.

Congress may change eligibility standards or reduce funding for federal student financial aid programs, or other governmental or regulatory bodies may change similar laws or regulations relating to other student financial aid programs, which could reduce the growth of our student population and revenue.

Political and budgetary concerns can significantly affect Title IV programs and other laws and regulations governing federal and state student financial aid programs. Title IV programs are made available pursuant to the provisions of the HEA, and the HEA must be reauthorized by Congress approximately every six years. Independent of reauthorization, Congress must annually appropriate funds for Title IV programs. In August 2008, the most recent reauthorization of the HEA was enacted, continuing the Title IV HEA programs through at least September 30, 2014. Future reauthorizations or appropriations may result in numerous legislative changes, including those that could adversely affect our ability to participate in the Title IV programs and the availability of Title IV and non-Title IV funding sources for our students. Congress also may impose certain requirements upon the state or accrediting agencies with respect to their approval of our schools. Any action by Congress or the U.S. Department of Education that significantly reduces funding for the federal student financial aid programs or the ability of our schools or students to participate in these programs would have a material adverse effect on our student population and revenue. Legislative action also may increase our administrative costs and require us to modify our practices in order for our schools to comply fully with applicable requirements.

If we do not meet specific financial responsibility ratios and other compliance tests established by the U.S. Department of Education, our schools may lose eligibility to participate in federal student financial aid programs, which may result in a reduction in our student enrollment and an adverse effect on our results of operations.

To participate in federal student financial aid programs, an institution, among other things, must either satisfy certain quantitative standards of financial responsibility on an annual basis or post a letter of credit in favor of the U.S. Department of Education and possibly accept other conditions or limitations on its participation in the federal student financial aid programs. As of June 30, 2011, we did not meet the required quantitative measures of financial responsibility on a consolidated basis due to our failure to satisfy the financial responsibility standards after the completion of the Transaction resulting from the amount of indebtedness we incurred and goodwill we recorded in connection with the Transaction. Accordingly, we are required by the U.S. Department of Education to post a letter of credit and are subject to provisional

 

40


Table of Contents

certification and additional financial and cash monitoring of our disbursements of Title IV funds. The amount of the letter of credit is currently set at 15% of the Title IV program funds received by students at our schools during fiscal 2010, or $361.5 million. Outstanding letters of credit reduce the availability under our revolving credit facility. The borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility will decrease to $328.3 million on June 1, 2012. We are permitted to enter into cash secured letters of credit under our senior credit facility, which we may do in the event that we are unable to obtain sufficient additional capacity under the revolving credit facility. However, in the future we may not have sufficient letter of credit capacity to satisfy the letter of credit requirement for the U.S. Department of Education, which would limit our growth and potentially subject us to operating restrictions.

We expect to continue to not satisfy the U.S. Department of Education’s quantitative measure of financial responsibility for the foreseeable future. As a result, we expect each of our schools to be required to continue on provisional certification for additional three-year periods. The current provisional certifications of our schools expire as follows: fourteen schools expire during fiscal 2012; seven schools expire during fiscal 2013; and two schools expire during fiscal 2014. We expect that the U.S. Department of Education’s evaluation of our schools’ financial responsibility on the basis of our consolidated financial statements will continue through future annual reviews and may result in continuation of the requirement that we maintain a letter of credit, provisional certification and financial and cash monitoring in future years. Any conditions or limitations on our participation in the federal student financial aid programs in addition to the letter of credit, provisional certification and additional financial and cash monitoring could adversely affect our net income and student population. We expect to be required to renew the letter of credit at the 15% level for as long as our schools remain provisionally certified, although the U.S. Department of Education could increase the amount substantially. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Department of Education will not require further restrictions as a condition of the renewal of our certification. Any failure to meet specific financial responsibility ratios and other compliance tests established by the U.S. Department of Education could affect our students’ ability to access student financial assistance programs, which would adversely affect our net income and student population.

The consumer credit markets in the United States have recently suffered from increases in default rates and foreclosures on mortgages. Providers of federally guaranteed student loans have also experienced recent increases in default rates. Any increase in interest rates could contribute to higher default rates with respect to repayment of our students’ education loans. Such higher default rates may adversely impact our eligibility to participate in Title IV programs, which could result in a significant reduction in our student population and our profitability.

In the event of a bankruptcy filing by any of our schools, the schools filing for bankruptcy would not be eligible to receive Title IV program funds, notwithstanding the automatic stay provisions of federal bankruptcy law, which would make any reorganization difficult to implement. In addition, our other schools may be held to be jointly responsible for financial aid defaults experienced at the bankrupt schools.

If we do not meet specific cohort default rate benchmarks established by the U.S. Department of Education, our schools may lose eligibility to participate in federal student financial aid programs, which may result in a reduction in our student enrollment and an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Under the HEA, an institution may lose its eligibility to participate in certain Title IV programs if the rates at which the institution’s students default on their federal student loans exceed specified percentages, and these rates are expected to increase under recent changes to the calculation of cohort default rates under the HEA. See “Business – Federal Oversight of Title IV Programs – Cohort Default Rates.” Certain of our schools have default rates in excess of specified rates in the Federal Perkins Loan Program, which is not a material federal student aid program for us or any of our institutions. Though we believe our schools do not exceed either the specified rates for student default for our material programs or the percentage of revenue limitation test, loss of eligibility to participate in the federal student financial aid programs by one or more of our schools could have a material adverse effect on our student population and revenue.

If any of our schools either fails to demonstrate “administrative capability” to the U.S. Department of Education or violates other requirements of Title IV programs, the U.S. Department of Education may impose sanctions or terminate that school’s participation in Title IV programs.

Regulations adopted by the U.S. Department of Education specify criteria an institution must satisfy to establish that it has the requisite “administrative capability” to participate in Title IV programs. These criteria require, among other things, that the institution:

 

   

comply with all applicable federal student financial aid regulations;

 

   

have capable and sufficient personnel to administer the federal student financial aid programs;

 

   

have acceptable methods of defining and measuring the satisfactory academic progress of its students;

 

   

provide financial aid counseling to its students; and

 

   

submit all reports and financial statements required by the regulations.

 

41


Table of Contents

If an institution fails to satisfy any of these criteria, or any other of the legal and regulatory requirements of Title IV programs, the U.S. Department of Education may:

 

   

require the repayment of federal student financial aid funds improperly disbursed;

 

   

transfer the institution from the “advance” system of payment of federal student financial aid funds to the “reimbursement” system of payment or “cash monitoring”;

 

   

place the institution on provisional certification status; or

 

   

commence a proceeding to impose a fine or to limit, suspend or terminate the participation of the institution in Title IV programs.

If one or more of our schools loses or is limited in its access to, or is required to repay, federal student financial aid funds due to a failure to demonstrate administrative capability or to comply with other requirements of Title IV programs, our business could be materially adversely affected.

If our institutions do not comply with the 90/10 Rule, they will lose eligibility to participate in federal student financial aid programs.

A provision of the HEA requires all for-profit education institutions to comply with what is commonly referred to as the 90/10 Rule, which imposes sanctions on participating institutions that derive more than 90% of their total revenue on a cash accounting basis from Title IV programs. An institution that derives more than 90% of its total revenue on a cash accounting basis from the Title IV programs for each of two consecutive fiscal years loses its eligibility to participate in Title IV programs and is not permitted to reapply for eligibility until the end of the following two fiscal years. Institutions which fail to satisfy the 90/10 Rule for one fiscal year are placed on provisional certification. Compliance with the 90/10 Rule is measured at the end of each of our fiscal years. For our institutions that disbursed federal financial aid during fiscal 2011, the percentage of revenues derived from Title IV programs ranged from approximately 88% to 57%, with a weighted average of approximately 78% as compared to a weighted average of approximately 77% in fiscal 2010. The revised rules included in the 2008 HEA reauthorization include relief through June 30, 2011 from a $2,000 increase in the annual Stafford loan availability for undergraduate students which became effective July 1, 2008. We anticipate that our 90/10 rate will increase substantially in fiscal 2012 in the event that relief from this additional $2,000 is not extended beyond June 30, 2011, which would adversely affect our ability to comply with the 90/10 Rule. While our consolidated 90/10 rate for fiscal 2012 is projected to remain under the 90% threshold, we project that some of our institutions will not comply with the 90/10 Rule in fiscal 2012 if the relief provided in the most recent HEA reauthorization is not extended. Continued decreases in the availability of state grants, together with the inability of households to pay cash due to the current economic climate and decreased availability of private loans, also have adversely impacted our ability to comply with the 90/10 Rule because state grants generally are considered cash payments for purposes of the 90/10 Rule. During fiscal 2011, students attending our schools received approximately $129 million of financial aid from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Defense. Some members of Congress have proposed substantially decreasing the amount of education benefits available to veterans and the budget for the U.S. Department of Defense in connection with the current federal budget issues. A material decrease to the funding of military education benefit programs would have a materially adverse effect on our ability to comply with the 90/10 Rule. If any of our institutions violates the 90/10 Rule, its ineligibility to participate in Title IV programs for at least two years would have a material adverse effect on our enrollments, revenues and results of operations.

Our failure to comply with various state regulations or to maintain any national, regional or programmatic accreditation could result in actions taken by those states or accrediting agencies that would have a material adverse effect on our student enrollment and results of operations.

Each of our U.S. campuses, including our campuses that provide online programs, is authorized to offer education programs and grant degrees or diplomas by the state in which such school is physically located. The level of regulatory oversight varies substantially from state to state. In some U.S. states, the schools are subject to licensure by the state education agency and also by a separate higher education agency. Some states have sought to assert jurisdiction over online educational institutions that offer educational services to residents in the state or that advertise or recruit in the state, notwithstanding the lack of a physical location in the state. State laws may establish standards for instruction, qualifications of faculty, location and nature of facilities, financial policies and responsibility and other operational matters. State laws and regulations may limit our ability to obtain authorization to operate in certain states or to award degrees or diplomas or offer

 

42


Table of Contents

new degree programs. Certain states prescribe standards of financial responsibility that are different from those prescribed by the U.S. Department of Education. In addition, each of our U.S. schools is accredited by a national or regional accreditation agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, and some educational programs are also programmatically accredited. The level of regulatory oversight and standards can vary based on the agency. Certain accreditation agencies prescribe standards that are different from those prescribed by the U.S. Department of Education. If we are found not to be in compliance with an applicable state regulation and a state seeks to restrict one or more of our business activities within its boundaries, we may not be able to recruit or enroll students in that state and may have to cease providing services and advertising in that state, which could have a material adverse effect on our student enrollment and revenues.

If one of our schools does not meet its accreditation or applicable state requirements, its accreditation and/or state licensing could be limited, modified, suspended or terminated. Failure to maintain licensure in the state where it is physically located or institutional accreditation would make such school ineligible to participate in Title IV programs, which could have a material adverse effect on our student enrollment and revenues. Further, requirements for programs offered by our schools that are accredited by national accrediting agencies with respect to retention rates, graduation rates and employment placement rates may be more difficult to satisfy due to the current economic recession in the U.S. A number of our institutions have specialized programmatic accreditation for particular education programs. While these programmatic accreditations cannot be relied upon for our schools to obtain and maintain certification to participate in Title IV programs, they are commonly relied upon in the relevant professions as indicators of quality of the academic program. If programmatic accreditation is withdrawn or fails to be renewed for any of the individual programs at any of our schools, enrollment in such program could decline, which could have a material adverse impact on student enrollment and revenues at that school.

As described above, the U.S. Department of Education’s final rules regarding state authorization require institutions that participate in Title IV programs to be authorized by name to offer post-secondary education by each state in which the institution is physically located. If an institution offers post-secondary education through distance education to students in a state in which the institution is not physically located, the institution must satisfy any requirements of that state for the institution to offer post-secondary distance education to students in that state. The inability of our students to participate in Title IV financing programs at one or more of our schools due to the failure to obtain required state authorizations or the failure of the state in which it is located to adopt rules that comply with the new regulations on authorization and oversight of post-secondary institutions would have a material adverse effect on our student population and revenue.

National or regional accreditation agencies may prescribe more rigorous accreditation standards on our schools, which could have a material adverse effect on our student enrollment and revenues.

Participation in Title IV programs requires that each of our U.S. schools be accredited by an accrediting agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as a reliable authority on institutional quality and integrity. The accreditation standards of the national or regional accreditation agencies that accredit our schools can and do vary, and the accreditation agencies may prescribe more rigorous standards than are currently in place. On April 1, 2011, the Higher Learning Commission (“HLC”) of the North Central Association, which is the accrediting agency for all Argosy University campuses and several Art Institute and Brown Mackie campuses, released preliminary proposed revisions to its criteria for accreditation that would, among other things, prescribe more rigorous standards relating to student persistence and completion rates. Complying with more rigorous accreditation standards could require significant changes to the way we operate our business and increase our administrative and other costs. No assurances can be given that our schools will be able to comply with more rigorous accreditation standards in a timely manner or at all. If one of our schools does not meet its accreditation requirements, its accreditation could be limited, modified, suspended or terminated. Failure to maintain accreditation would make such school ineligible to participate in Title IV programs, which could have a material adverse effect on our student enrollment and revenues. Further, requirements for programs offered by our schools that are accredited by national accrediting agencies with respect to retention rates, graduation rates and employment placement rates may be more difficult to satisfy if more rigorous standards are adopted. If programmatic accreditation is withdrawn or fails to be renewed for any of the individual programs at any of our schools, enrollment in such program could decline, which could have a material adverse impact on student enrollment and revenues at that school.

Loss of or reductions in state financial aid programs for our students could negatively impact our revenues from students.

In fiscal 2011, approximately 2% of our net revenues were indirectly derived from state financial aid programs. State grant programs are generally subject to annual appropriation by the state legislature, which may lead to the state’s eliminating or significantly decreasing the amount of state aid to students at our schools. Recently several states in which we have

 

43


Table of Contents

schools have substantially decreased or eliminated the amount of grants available to students who attend for-profit post secondary institutions. The loss of access to these state grants by our students could have a material adverse effect on our business due to enrollment losses at our schools.

If regulators do not approve transactions involving a change of control or change in our corporate structure, we may lose our ability to participate in federal student financial aid programs, which would result in declines in our student enrollment, and thereby adversely affect our results of operations.

If we or one of our schools experiences a change of ownership or control under the standards of applicable state agencies, accrediting agencies or the U.S. Department of Education, we or the schools governed by such agencies must seek the approval of the relevant agencies. Transactions or events that could constitute a change of control include significant acquisitions or dispositions of shares of our stock, internal restructurings, acquisition of schools from other owners, significant changes in the composition of a school’s board of directors or certain other transactions or events, several of which are beyond our control. The failure of any of our schools to reestablish its state authorization, accreditation or U.S. Department of Education certification following a transaction involving a change of ownership or control would result in a suspension of operating authority or suspension or loss of federal student financial aid funding, which could have a material adverse effect on our student population and revenue. Further, such a change of ownership or control could result in the imposition of growth restrictions on our schools, including limitations on our ability to open new campuses or initiate new educational programs. Restrictions on growth such as these could have a material adverse impact on our student population and revenue and future growth plans. The potential adverse effects of a change of control also could influence future decisions by us and our shareholders regarding the sale, purchase, transfer, issuance or redemption of our stock, which could discourage bids for your shares of our common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market price of your shares.

Government and regulatory and accrediting agencies may conduct compliance reviews, bring claims or initiate litigation against us, which may adversely impact our licensing or accreditation status, and thereby adversely affect our results of operations.

From time to time, we may be subject to program reviews, audits, investigations, claims of non-compliance or lawsuits by governmental or accrediting agencies or third parties, which may allege statutory violations, regulatory infractions or common law causes of action. For example, we are the subject of a qui tam action filed under the federal False Claims Act in which the U.S. Department of Justice and four states have intervened under their respective False Claims Acts related to our compliance with the U.S. Department of Education’s prior incentive compensation rule, and are the subject of a subpoena from the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Education requesting documents related to satisfactory academic progress standards and state licensing of fully online programs offered by South University and The Art Institute of Pittsburgh. See “Item 3 – Legal Proceedings.” The U.S. Department of Education performed five program reviews of our institutions in fiscal 2011 and have notified us that they plan to perform two additional program reviews in the first quarter of fiscal 2012. We are currently waiting for the final reports from four program reviews performed by the U.S. Department of Education in fiscal 2011. The U.S. Department of Education may also take emergency action to suspend any of our schools’ certification without advance notice if it receives reliable information that a school is violating Title IV requirements and determines that immediate action is necessary to prevent misuse of Title IV funds.

If the results of any such proceedings are unfavorable to us, we may lose or have limitations imposed on our accreditation, state licensing, state grant or Title IV program participation, be required to pay monetary damages or be subject to fines, penalties, injunctions or other censure that could materially and adversely affect our business. We also may be limited in our ability to open new schools or add new program offerings and may be adversely impacted by the negative publicity surrounding an investigation or lawsuit. Even if we adequately address the issues raised by an agency review or investigation or successfully defend a third-party lawsuit, we may suffer interruptions in cash flows due to, among other things, transfer from the advance funding to the “reimbursement” or “heightened cash monitoring” method of Title IV program funding, and we may have to devote significant money and management resources to address these issues, which could harm our business. Additionally, we may experience adverse collateral consequences, including declines in the number of students enrolling at our schools and the willingness of third parties to deal with us or our schools, as a result of any negative publicity associated with such reviews, claims or litigation.

Our regulatory environment and our reputation may be negatively influenced by the actions of other post-secondary education institutions and the current media environment.

In recent years, there have been a number of regulatory investigations and civil litigation matters targeting post-secondary education institutions. For example, the HELP Committee held a series of hearings on the for-profit education sector throughout 2010 and 2011 relating to student recruiting, accreditation matters, student debt, student success and outcomes, and other matters. Additionally, in July 2011 the Attorney General of Kentucky announced a national bipartisan effort including 19 states to examine potential abuses in the for-profit education industry. Private parties have recently filed a number of significant lawsuits against post-secondary institutions alleging wrongdoing, including the misstatement of graduate job placement rates. The HELP Committee hearings, along with other recent investigations and lawsuits, have included allegation of, among other things, deceptive trade practices, false claims against the United States and non-compliance with state and U.S. Department of Education regulations. These allegations have attracted significant adverse media coverage. The intervention by the U.S. Department of Justice and four states in a qui tam case involving our alleged violation of the U.S. Department of Education’s prior incentive compensation rules has drawn significant media attention.

 

44


Table of Contents

Allegations against the post-secondary education sectors may impact general public perceptions of educational institutions, including us, in a negative manner. Adverse media coverage regarding other educational institutions or regarding us directly could damage our reputation, reduce student demand for our programs, adversely impact our revenues and operating profit or result in increased regulatory scrutiny.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS

If our students were unable to obtain private loans from third party lenders, our business could be adversely affected given our reliance on such lenders as a source of net revenues.

The education finance industry has been experiencing and may continue to experience problems that have resulted in fewer overall financing options for some of our students. Factors that could impact the general availability of loans to our students include:

 

   

changes in overall economic conditions or overall uncertainty or disruption in capital markets, in either case causing lenders to cease making student loans, limit the volume or types of loans made or impose more stringent eligibility or underwriting standards;

 

   

the financial condition and continued financial viability of student loan providers;

 

   

changes in applicable laws or regulations, such as provisions of the recently-enacted HEA reauthorization that impose new disclosure and certification requirements with respect to private educational loans, that could have the effect of reducing the availability of education financing, including as a result of any lenders choosing to provide fewer loans or to stop providing loans altogether in light of increased regulation, or which could increase the costs of student loans; and

 

   

determinations by lenders to reduce the number of loans, or to cease making loans altogether, to students attending or planning to attend certain types of schools, particularly for-profit institutions.

During fiscal 2011, revenues derived indirectly from private loans to students at our schools, excluding loans under our former Education Finance Loan program, represented approximately 3.2% of our net revenues, as compared to approximately 4.5% and 13.0% of our net revenues in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively. These loans are provided pursuant to private loan programs and are made available to eligible students at our schools to fund a portion of the students’ costs of education not covered by federal and state financial aid grants due to increases in tuition and the cost of living. Private loans are made to our students by institutions and are non-recourse to us and our schools. Approximately 75% of the private loans in fiscal 2011 were offered and serviced by two lenders. During the last two fiscal years, adverse market conditions for consumer student loans have resulted in providers of private loans reducing the attractiveness and/or decreasing the availability of private loans to post-secondary students, including students with low credit scores who would not otherwise be eligible for credit-based private loans. We also terminated our Education Finance Loan program during fiscal 2011, which represented approximately 0.5% and 2.6% of our net revenues in fiscal 2011 and 2010, respectively. The Education Finance Loan program enabled students who had exhausted all available government-sponsored or other aid and have been denied a private loan to borrow a portion of their tuition and other educational expenses at our schools not covered by other financial aid sources if they or a co-borrower met certain eligibility and underwriting criteria.

The consumer credit markets in the United States have recently suffered from increases in default rates and foreclosures on mortgages, which has resulted in fewer providers of student loans. Providers of federally guaranteed student loans and alternative or private student loans have also experienced recent increases in default rates. Adverse market conditions for consumer loans have resulted in providers of private loans reducing the attractiveness and/or decreasing the availability of private loans to post-secondary students, including students with low credit scores who would not otherwise be eligible for credit-based private loans. Prospective students may find that these increased financing costs make borrowing prohibitively expensive and abandon or delay enrollment in post-secondary education programs. Certain private lenders have also required that we pay them new or increased fees in order to provide private loans to prospective students.

While we are taking steps to address the private loan needs of our students, the inability of our students to finance their education could cause our student population to decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

45


Table of Contents

Our business may be adversely affected by a general economic slowdown or recession in the U.S. or abroad.

The U.S. and other industrialized countries currently are experiencing reduced economic activity, increased unemployment, substantial uncertainty about their financial services markets and, in some cases, economic recession. In addition, homeowners in the United States have experienced a significant reduction in wealth due to the decline in residential real estate values across much of the country. These events may reduce the demand for our programs among students, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. These adverse economic developments also may result in a reduction in the number of jobs available to our graduates and lower salaries being offered in connection with available employment, which, in turn, may result in declines in our placement and persistence rates. In addition, these events could adversely affect the ability or willingness of our former students to repay student loans, which could increase our student loan cohort default rate and require increased time, attention and resources to manage these defaults. Further, the inability of students to pay their tuition and fees in cash has, along with other factors, resulted in a significant increase to our 90/10 rate.

We may recognize impairment charges which could adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition.

We evaluate property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment on at least an annual basis. We recognize an impairment charge if the carrying value of our property and equipment, goodwill or other intangible assets exceed their estimated fair value. In assessing fair value, we rely primarily on a discounted cash flow analysis, as well as other generally accepted valuation methodologies. These analyses rely on the judgments and estimates of management, which involve inherent uncertainties. The estimated fair value of our property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including changes in the regulatory environment in which we operate, the effects of a general economic slowdown and other unanticipated events and circumstances. In particular, should the Company need to take additional actions not currently foreseen to comply with current or future regulations, the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, including estimates of future revenues and cash flows, could be negatively affected and could result in an impairment of our property and equipment, goodwill or other intangible assets. If we are required to recognize an impairment charge, it would be recorded as an operating expense in the period in which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

As of June 30, 2011, we had approximately $3.7 billion of property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets. While we currently believe that the fair value of our property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets exceed their carrying value, changes in our estimates and assumptions regarding the future performance of our business could result in significant impairment charges, which may have a material adverse affect on our results of operations.

The continued disruptions in the credit and equity markets worldwide may impede or prevent our access to the capital markets for additional funding to expand or operate our business and may affect the availability or cost of borrowing under our existing credit facilities.

The credit and equity markets of both mature and developing economies have experienced extraordinary volatility, asset erosion and uncertainty during the last two years leading to governmental intervention in the banking sector in the United States and abroad on an unprecedented scale. Until these market disruptions diminish, we may not be able to access the capital markets to obtain funding needed to refinance our existing indebtedness or expand our business. In addition, changes in the capital or other legal requirements applicable to commercial lenders may affect the availability or increase the cost of borrowing under our senior secured credit facilities. If we cannot refinance or repay our 8 3/4% senior notes due 2014 (the “Senior Notes”) prior to March 2014, the term loan will become due and payable at that time. If we are unable to obtain needed capital on terms acceptable to us, we may have to limit our growth initiatives or take other actions that materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows

We may have difficulty opening additional new schools and growing our online academic programs, and we may be unable to achieve the anticipated return on our investment.

We anticipate continuing to open new schools in the future. Establishing new schools poses unique challenges and requires us to make investments in management, capital expenditures, marketing expenses and other resources. When opening a new school, we are required to obtain appropriate state or provincial and accrediting agency approvals. In addition, to be eligible for federal student financial aid programs, a school has to be certified by the U.S. Department of Education.

 

46


Table of Contents

Further, our debt agreements include limitations on the amount of capital expenditures we may make on an annual basis. Our failure to effectively manage the operations of newly established schools or service areas, or any diversion of management’s attention from our core school operating activities, could harm our business.

We anticipate future growth from online courses we offer to students. As of June 30, 2011, we offer fully online programs at The Art Institute of Pittsburgh, Argosy University and South University. We plan to continue to introduce new online programs at these schools in the future. The success of any new online programs and classes depends in part on our ability to expand the content of our programs, develop new programs in a cost-effective manner and meet the needs of our students in a timely manner. The expansion of our existing online programs, the creation of new online classes and the development of new fully online programs may not be accepted by students or the online education market for many reasons, including as a result of the expected increased competition in the online education market or because of any problems with the performance or reliability of our online program infrastructure. In addition, a general decline in Internet use for any reason, including due to security or privacy concerns, the cost of Internet service or changes in government regulation of Internet use may result in less demand for online educational services, in which case we may not be able to grow our online programs as planned.

We may not be able to implement our growth strategy optimally if we are not able to improve the content of our existing academic programs or to develop new programs on a timely basis and in a cost-effective manner.

We continually seek to improve the content of our existing academic programs and develop new programs in order to meet changing market needs. Revisions to our existing academic programs and the development of new programs may not be accepted by existing or prospective students or employers in all instances. If we cannot respond effectively to market changes, our business may be adversely affected. Even if we are able to develop acceptable new programs, we may not be able to introduce these new programs as quickly as students require or as quickly as our competitors are able to introduce competing programs. Our efforts to introduce a new academic program may be conditioned or delayed by requirements to obtain federal, state and accrediting agency approvals. The development of new programs and classes, both conventional and online, is subject to requirements and limitations imposed by the U.S. Department of Education, state licensing agencies and the relevant accrediting bodies. The imposition of restrictions on the initiation of new educational programs by any of our regulatory agencies may delay such expansion plans. If we do not respond adequately to changes in market requirements, our ability to attract and retain students could be impaired and our financial results could suffer.

Establishing new academic programs or modifying existing academic programs also may require us to make investments in specialized personnel and capital expenditures, increase marketing efforts and reallocate resources away from other uses. We may have limited experience with the subject matter of new programs and may need to modify our systems and strategy. If we are unable to increase the number of students, offer new programs in a cost-effective manner or otherwise manage effectively the operations of newly established academic programs, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our marketing programs may not be effective in attracting prospective students, current students or potential employers of our graduates.

In order to maintain and increase our revenues and margins, we must continue to attract new students in a cost-effective manner. Over the last several fiscal years, we have increased the amounts spent on marketing and advertising, and we anticipate that this trend will continue. If we are unable to successfully advertise and market our schools and programs, our ability to attract and enroll new students could be adversely impacted and, consequently, our financial performance could suffer. We use marketing tools such as the Internet, radio, television and print media advertising to promote our schools and programs. Our representatives also make presentations at high schools. If we are unable to utilize these advertising methods in a cost-effective manner or if our other costs limit the amount of funds we can contribute to advertising, our profitability and revenue may suffer. Additionally, we rely on the general reputation of our schools and referrals from current students, alumni and employers as a source of new students. Among the factors that could prevent us from successfully marketing and advertising our schools and programs are the failure of our marketing tools and strategy to appeal to prospective students or current student and/or employer dissatisfaction with our program offerings or results and diminished access to high school campuses.

 

47


Table of Contents

A decline in the overall growth of enrollment in post-secondary institutions could cause us to experience lower enrollment at our schools, which would negatively impact our future growth.

According to the U.S. Department of Education, enrollment in degree-granting, post-secondary institutions is projected to grow 9.7% over the ten-year period ending in the fall of 2019 to approximately 22.4 million students. This growth compares with a 38.1% increase reported in the prior ten-year period ended in 2009, when enrollment increased from 14.8 million students in 1999 to 20.4 million students in 2009. While enrollment growth in the ten-year period ended 2009 was accompanied by a 16.7% increase in high school graduates from 2.8 million students in 1999 to 3.3 million students in 2009, the U.S. Department of Education is not projecting any growth in the number of high school graduates through 2019.

Our substantial leverage could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry and expose us to interest rate risk to the extent of our variable rate debt.

The following chart shows our level of consolidated indebtedness at June 30, 2011 (in millions):

 

Revolving credit facility

   $ 79.0   

Senior secured term loan facility, due 2013

     350.5   

Senior secured term loan facility, due 2016

     752.6   

Senior notes due 2014 at 8.75%

     375.0   

Other

     0.8   
  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,557.9   
  

 

 

 

Our high degree of leverage could have important consequences, including:

 

   

making it more difficult for us to make payments on our indebtedness;

 

   

increasing our vulnerability to general economic and industry conditions;

 

   

requiring a substantial portion of cash flows from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, therefore reducing our ability to use our cash flows to fund our operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities;

 

   

increasing the likelihood of our not satisfying, on a consolidated basis, the U.S. Department of Education’s annual responsibility requirements and subjecting us to letter of credit and provisional certification requirements for the foreseeable future;

 

   

exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings, including borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities, will bear interest at variable rates;

 

   

restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures;

 

   

limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, program development, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes; and

 

   

limiting our ability to adjust to changing market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less highly leveraged.

In addition, we and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in our senior secured credit facilities and the indenture governing the Senior Notes. If new indebtedness is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face could intensify.

 

48


Table of Contents

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our debt obligations and may be forced to take other actions in an effort to satisfy our obligations under such indebtedness, which may not be successful.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on our indebtedness, or to refinance our obligations under our debt agreements on acceptable terms, if at all, will depend on our financial and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to the financial and business risk factors described in this Form 10-K, many of which are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay the opening of new schools, acquisitions or capital expenditures, sell assets, seek to obtain additional equity capital or restructure our indebtedness. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness or obtain additional financing on acceptable terms, if at all, particularly because of our high levels of debt and the debt incurrence restrictions imposed by the agreements governing our debt.

Our debt agreements contain restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business.

Our senior secured credit facilities and the indenture governing our Senior Notes contain various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. These covenants limit certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things:

 

   

incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares;

 

   

pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect of capital stock or make other restricted payments;

 

   

make certain investments, including capital expenditures;

 

   

sell certain assets;

 

   

create liens;

 

   

consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and

 

   

enter into certain transactions with affiliates.

In addition, under our senior secured credit agreement, we are required to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other financial condition tests. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that we will meet those ratios and tests. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the senior secured credit agreement. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the senior secured credit agreement, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the senior secured credit agreement immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. Certain of our subsidiaries have pledged a significant portion of our assets as collateral under the senior secured credit agreement. If the lenders accelerate the repayment of borrowings, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient assets to repay our indebtedness under our senior secured credit facilities, as well as our unsecured indebtedness.

Failure to keep pace with changing market needs and technology could harm our ability to attract students.

The success of our schools depends to a large extent on the willingness of prospective employers to employ our students upon graduation. Increasingly, employers demand that their new employees possess appropriate technological skills and also appropriate “soft” skills, such as communication, critical thinking and teamwork skills. These skills can evolve rapidly in a changing economic and technological environment. Accordingly, it is important that our educational programs evolve in response to those economic and technological changes. The expansion of existing academic programs and the development of new programs may not be accepted by current or prospective students or the employers of our graduates. Even if our schools are able to develop acceptable new programs, our schools may not be able to begin offering those new programs as quickly as required by prospective employers or as quickly as our competitors offer similar programs. If we are unable to adequately respond to changes in market requirements due to regulatory or financial constraints, unusually rapid technological changes or other factors, our ability to attract and retain students could be impaired, the rates at which our graduates obtain jobs involving their fields of study could suffer and our results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

 

49


Table of Contents

Failure to obtain additional capital in the future could adversely affect our ability to grow.

We believe that funds from operations, cash, investments and borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to fund our current operating plans for the foreseeable future. However, we may need additional debt or equity financing in order to finance our continued growth. The amount and timing of such additional financing will vary principally depending on the timing and size of acquisitions and new school openings, the willingness of sellers to provide financing for future acquisitions and the amount of cash flows from our operations. We are required by the U.S. Department of Education to post a letter of credit equal to 15% of the Title IV program funds received by students at our schools during fiscal 2010, or $361.5 million. Outstanding letters of credit reduce the availability under our revolving credit facility. In the future, we may not have sufficient letter of credit capacity to satisfy the letter of credit requirement for the U.S. Department of Education, which would limit our growth and potentially subject us to operating restrictions. Further, to the extent that we require additional financing in the future and are unable to obtain such additional financing, we may not be able to fully implement our growth strategy.

Failure to effectively manage our growth could harm our business.

Our business recently has experienced rapid growth. Growth and expansion of our operations may place a significant strain on our resources and increase demands on our management information and reporting systems, financial management controls and personnel. We may not be able to maintain or accelerate our current growth rate, effectively manage our expanding operations or achieve planned growth on a timely or profitable basis. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, we may experience operating inefficiencies and our net income may be materially adversely affected.

Capacity constraints or system disruptions to our online computer networks could have a material adverse effect on our ability to attract and retain students.

The performance and reliability of the program infrastructure of our schools’ online operations is critical to the reputation of these campuses and our ability to attract and retain students. Any computer system error or failure, or a sudden and significant increase in traffic on our computer networks that host our schools’ online operations, may result in the unavailability of our schools’ online operations’ computer networks. In addition, any significant failure of our computer networks could disrupt our on campus operations. Individual, sustained or repeated occurrences could significantly damage the reputation of our schools’ online operations and result in a loss of potential or existing students. Additionally, our schools’ online computer systems and operations are vulnerable to interruption or malfunction due to events beyond our control, including natural disasters and network and telecommunications failures. Any interruption to our schools’ online computer systems or operations could have a material adverse effect on the ability of our schools’ online operations to attract and retain students.

The personal information that we collect may be vulnerable to breach, theft or loss that could adversely affect our reputation and operations.

Possession and use of personal information in our operations subjects us to risks and costs that could harm our business. Our schools collect, use and retain large amounts of personal information regarding our students and their families, including social security numbers, tax return information, personal and family financial data and credit card numbers. We also collect and maintain personal information of our employees in the ordinary course of our business. Our computer networks and the networks of certain of our vendors that hold and manage confidential information on our behalf may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses and other security threats. Confidential information also may become available to third parties inadvertently when we integrate or convert computer networks into our network following an acquisition of a school or in connection with upgrades from time to time.

Due to the sensitive nature of the information contained on our networks, such as students’ grades, our networks may be targeted by hackers. A user who circumvents security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations. Although we use security and business controls to limit access and use of personal information, a third party may be able to circumvent those security and business controls, which could result in a breach of student or employee privacy. In addition, errors in the storage, use or transmission of personal information could result in a breach of student or employee privacy. Possession and use of personal information in our operations also subjects us to legislative and regulatory burdens that could require notification of data breaches and restrict our use of personal information. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of these security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches. A major breach, theft or loss of personal information regarding our students and their families or our employees that is held by us or our vendors could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and results of operations and result in further regulation and oversight by federal and state authorities and increased costs of compliance.

 

50


Table of Contents

We may not be able to retain our key personnel or hire and retain additional personnel needed for us to sustain and grow our business as planned.

Our success depends, in large part, upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified faculty, school presidents and administrators and corporate management. We may have difficulty locating and hiring qualified personnel, and retaining such personnel once hired. In addition, key personnel may leave and subsequently compete against us. The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, many of whom are not party to employment agreements with us, or our failure to attract and retain other qualified and experienced personnel on acceptable terms could impair our ability to successfully sustain and grow our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

If we are not able to integrate acquired schools, we may experience operational inefficiencies.

From time to time, we engage in acquisitions of schools. Integrating acquired operations into our institutions involves significant risks and uncertainties, including:

 

   

inability to maintain uniform standards, controls, policies and procedures;

 

   

distraction of management’s attention from normal business operations during the integration process;

 

   

expenses associated with the integration efforts; and

 

   

unidentified issues not discovered in our due diligence process, including legal contingencies.

Our inability to operate one or more of our schools or locations due to a natural disaster, terrorist act or widespread epidemic or to restore a damaged school or location to its prior operational level could materially hurt our operating results.

A number of our schools are located in Florida and elsewhere in the southeastern United States in areas prone to hurricane damage, which may be substantial. We also have a number of schools located in California in areas vulnerable to earthquakes. One or more of these schools may be unable to operate for an extended period of time in the event of a hurricane, earthquake or other natural disaster which does substantial damage to the area in which a school is located. In addition, we may not be in a position to devote sufficient resources to a damaged school in order for it to re-open in a timely fashion or at the same level of operation as existed prior to the damage. Further, a regional or national outbreak of influenza or other illness easily spread by human contact could cause us to close one or more of our schools for an extended period of time. The failure of one or more of our schools to operate for a substantial period of time could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We have a significant concentration of admissions representatives for our fully online schools in two geographically separate locations. A natural disaster or terrorist act which affected one of these locations could result in our inability to contact prospective students for our fully online programs for an extended period of time, which would result in a significantly lower number of new students enrolling in our programs.

We operate in a highly competitive industry, and competitors with greater resources could harm our business.

The post-secondary education market is highly fragmented and competitive. Our schools compete for students with traditional public and private two-year and four-year colleges and universities and other for-profit providers, including those that offer online learning programs. Many public and private colleges and universities, as well as other for-profit providers, offer programs similar to those we offer. We expect to experience additional competition in the future as more colleges, universities and for-profit providers offer an increasing number of online programs. Public institutions receive substantial government subsidies, and public and private institutions have access to government and foundation grants, tax-deductible contributions and other financial resources generally not available to for-profit providers. Accordingly, public and private institutions may have instructional and support resources superior to those in the for-profit sector, and public institutions can offer substantially lower tuition prices. Some of our competitors in both the public and private sectors also have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do.

 

51


Table of Contents

We could experience an event of default under our senior secured credit agreement if the Sponsors cease to own an aggregate of at least 35% of the voting interests of our outstanding capital stock, and such an event of default could adversely effect our liquidity and financial position.

Under the current terms of our senior secured credit agreement, an event of default would occur if the Sponsors cease to own, collectively, at least 35% of the voting interests of our outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted basis. This event of default could be triggered during the term of the senior secured credit agreement either by future sales or transfers of our capital stock by any of the Sponsors or by additional issuances of voting capital stock by us. As of June 30, 2011, the Sponsors owned, in the aggregate, approximately 76.1% of the voting interests of our outstanding capital stock of the voting interests of our outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted basis.

Because we cannot control when future transactions by any of the Sponsors will occur, we cannot assure you that one or more Sponsors will not engage in transactions that trigger an event of default under the current terms of our senior secured credit agreement, or that we will be able to amend this provision of our senior secured credit agreement prior to any such sale or transfer. If an event of default occurs as a result of a future sale or transfer by any of the Sponsors, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the senior secured credit agreement to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. It is possible that we would not be in a position at that time to refinance the amounts due under the senior secured credit agreement on economical terms, or at all, or repay the amounts due to the lenders, and the lenders then could proceed against the collateral securing our indebtedness.

If we expand in the future into new markets outside the United States, we would be subject to risks inherent in non-domestic operations.

If we acquire or establish schools in new markets outside the United States, we will face risks that are inherent in non-domestic operations, including the complexity of operations across borders, currency exchange rate fluctuations, monetary policy risks, such as inflation, hyperinflation and deflation, and potential political and economic instability in the countries into which we expand.

Private equity funds affiliated with the Sponsors own the majority of our voting stock, which, if they act together, allows them to control substantially all matters requiring shareholder approval.

Private equity funds affiliated with Providence Equity Partners, Goldman Sachs Capital Partners and Leeds Equity Partners beneficially owned approximately 31.5%, 41.8% and 7.6%, respectively, of our outstanding common stock at June 30, 2011. In addition, pursuant to a Shareholders Agreement entered into among the Sponsors and certain of our shareholders, five of our ten directors are representatives of the private equity funds affiliated with the Sponsors. Certain private equity funds affiliated with Providence Equity Partners and certain private equity funds affiliated with Goldman Sachs Capital Partners each have the right to appoint two directors if such Sponsor owns 10% or more of our common stock and each of the Sponsors have the right to appoint one director if such Sponsor owns 2% or more of our common stock. As a result, these private equity funds, should they vote their respective shares in concert with each other, have significant influence over our decision to enter into any corporate transaction and have the ability to prevent any transaction that requires the approval of shareholders, regardless of whether or not other shareholders believe that such transaction is in their own best interests. Such concentration of voting power could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change of control or other business combination that might otherwise be beneficial to our shareholders.

Additionally, the Sponsors are in the business of making investments in companies and may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. One or more of the Sponsors may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. As long as private equity funds affiliated with the Sponsors collectively continue to own, directly or indirectly, a significant amount of the outstanding shares of our common stock, the Sponsors will collectively continue to be able to strongly influence or effectively control our decisions.

 

52


Table of Contents

We qualify for and avail ourselves of exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements for companies whose stock is quoted on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.

The parties to the Shareholders Agreement collectively will own more than 50% of the total voting power of our common stock, and we therefore use certain “controlled company” exemptions under Nasdaq’s corporate governance listing standards that free us from the obligation to comply with certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, including the requirements:

 

   

that a majority of our Board of Directors consists of independent directors;

 

   

that the compensation of executive officers be determined, or recommended to our Board of Directors for determination, either by (a) a majority of the independent directors or (b) a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors; and

 

   

that director nominees be selected, or recommended for our Board of Directors’ selection, either by (a) a majority of the independent directors or (b) a nominations committee comprised solely of independent directors.

As a result of our use of these exemptions, owners of our common stock do not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements. In the event that we cease to be eligible to utilize “controlled company” exemptions under Nasdaq’s corporate governance listing standards, we will have a transitionary period during which we must achieve compliance with the requirements described above.

Provisions in our charter documents and the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us and could discourage a takeover and adversely affect existing shareholders.

Provisions in our charter documents could discourage potential acquisition proposals or make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of the Company, even if doing so might be beneficial to our shareholders. Our articles of incorporation and bylaws provide for various procedural and other requirements that could make it more difficult for shareholders to effect certain corporate actions. For example, our articles of incorporation authorize our Board of Directors to issue up to 20.0 million shares of preferred stock and to determine the powers, preferences, privileges, rights, including voting rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions on those shares, without any further vote or action by our shareholders. The rights of the holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any preferred stock that may be issued in the future. Additional provisions that could make it more difficult for shareholders to effect certain corporate actions include the following:

 

   

our articles of incorporation prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors;

 

   

once the private equity funds affiliated with the Sponsors and certain of our other institutional investors collectively cease to beneficially own 50% or more of our outstanding common stock, our articles of incorporation and bylaws will not (i) permit shareholder action without a meeting by consent, except for unanimous written consent, (ii) permit shareholders to call or to require the Board of Directors to call a special meeting or (iii) permit shareholder removal of directors without assigning any cause; and

 

   

our bylaws provide that shareholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring business before an annual meeting of shareholders must comply with advance notice procedures.

Our shareholders may remove directors only for cause; provided, that as long as our shareholders have the right to act by partial written consent, directors may be removed from office by partial written consent without assigning any cause. These and other provisions of the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law (the “PBCL”) and our articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage acquisition proposals, make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding common stock or delay, prevent or deter a merger, acquisition, tender offer or proxy contest, which may negatively affect our stock price.

We currently do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, investors’ only opportunity to achieve a return on their investment is if the price of our common stock appreciates.

We currently do not expect to pay dividends on shares of our common stock. The terms of our senior secured credit facilities or indenture limits our ability to pay cash dividends in certain circumstances. Furthermore, if we are in default under our credit facilities or indenture, our ability to pay cash dividends will be limited in certain circumstances in the absence of a waiver of that default or an amendment to the facilities or indenture. In addition, because we are a holding company, our

 

53


Table of Contents

ability to pay cash dividends on shares of our common stock may be limited by restrictions on our ability to obtain sufficient funds through dividends from our subsidiaries, including the restrictions under our senior secured credit facilities and the indenture for the Senior Notes. Subject to these restrictions, the payment of cash dividends in the future, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon such factors as earnings levels, capital requirements, our overall financial condition and any other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. Consequently, the only opportunity for investors to achieve a return on their investment in the Company is if the market price of our common stock appreciates.

We rely on dividends, distributions and other payments, advances and transfers of funds from our operating subsidiaries to meet our debt service and other obligations.

We conduct all of our operations through certain of our subsidiaries, and at June 30, 2011 we had no significant assets other than cash of approximately $50.1 million and the capital stock of our respective subsidiaries. As a result, we will rely on dividends and other payments or distributions from our operating subsidiaries to meet any existing or future debt service and other obligations. The ability of our operating subsidiaries to pay dividends or to make distributions or other payments to their parent companies will depend on their respective operating results and may be restricted by, among other things, the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization, regulatory requirements, agreements entered into by those operating subsidiaries and the covenants of any existing or future outstanding indebtedness that we or our subsidiaries may occur. For example, our senior secured credit agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes contain certain restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends and to make distributions.

We experience seasonal fluctuations in our results of operations which may result in similar fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock.

Historically, our quarterly revenues and income have fluctuated primarily as a result of the pattern of student enrollments at our schools. The number of students enrolled at our schools typically is greatest in the second quarter of our fiscal year, when the largest number of recent high school and college graduates typically begin post-secondary education programs. Student vacations generally cause our student enrollments to be at their lowest during our first fiscal quarter. Because a significant portion of our expenses do not vary proportionately with the fluctuations in our revenue, our results in a particular fiscal quarter may not indicate accurately the results we will achieve in a subsequent quarter or for the full fiscal year. These fluctuations in our operating results may result in corresponding volatility in the market price for our common stock.

 

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our corporate headquarters are located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At June 30, 2011, our schools were located in major metropolitan areas in 32 states and one Canadian province. Typically, our schools occupy an entire building or several floors or portions of floors in a building often located in office or commercial buildings.

We currently lease most of our administrative and educational facilities under operating lease arrangements. We own a student housing facility in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and buildings occupied by The Art Institutes of Pittsburgh, Colorado and Seattle, by Western State University College of Law in Fullerton, California, by Argosy University in Egan, Minnesota and Sarasota, Florida, and by the Brown Mackie College in Lenexa, Kansas. At June 30, 2011, we owned approximately 0.6 million square feet of real property and leased approximately 6.3 million square feet of office and educational facilities.

Many of our facility leases contain provisions prohibiting a change in control of the lessee or permitting the landlord to terminate the lease upon a change in control of the lessee. Based primarily upon our belief that (1) we maintain good relations with the substantial majority of our landlords, (2) most of our leases are at market rates and (3) we have historically been able to secure suitable leased property at market rates when needed, we believe that these provisions will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business or financial position.

 

54


Table of Contents
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Securities Class Action

On August 11, 2010, a securities class action complaint captioned Gaer v. Education Management Corp., et. al was filed against the Company, certain of its executive officers and directors, and certain underwriters of the Company’s initial public offering. The complaint alleges violations of Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934 due to allegedly false and misleading statements in connection with the Company’s initial public offering and the Company’s subsequent press releases and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. On November 10, 2010, the Court granted the Oklahoma Police Pension and Retirement System’s motion to serve as lead plaintiff in the lawsuit. On January 10, 2011, the lead plaintiff and the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority filed an Amended Class Action Complaint with the Court alleging similar violations of Section 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and adding one additional individual defendant and other underwriters from the Company’s initial public offering. The Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself.

Incentive Compensation Matters

On May 3, 2011, a qui tam action captioned United States of America, and the States of California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York and Tennessee, and the District of Columbia, each ex rel., Lynntoya Washington and Michael T. Mahoney v. Education Management Corporation, et. al (“Washington”) filed under the federal False Claims Act in April 2007 was unsealed due to the U.S. Department of Justice’s decision to intervene in the case under the federal False Claims Act. Four of the states listed on the case caption have joined the case based on qui tam actions filed under their respective state False Claims Acts. The State of Kentucky, which does not have a False Claims Act, has also filed a motion to intervene in the case under its consumer protection laws. The case, which is pending in the Western District of Pennsylvania, relates to whether the defendants’ compensation plans for admission representatives violated the Higher Education Act, as amended (“HEA”), and U.S. Department of Education regulations prohibiting an institution participating in Title IV programs from providing any commission, bonus or other incentive payment based directly or indirectly on success in securing enrollments to any person or entity engaged in any student recruitment or admissions activity. The complaint was initially filed by a former admissions representative at The Art Institute of Pittsburgh Online Division and a former director of training at Online Higher Education and asserts the relators are entitled to recover treble the amount of actual damages allegedly sustained by the federal government as a result of the alleged activity, plus civil monetary penalties. The Company believes the claims to be without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself.

OIG Subpoena

On March 22, 2011, the Company received a subpoena from the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Education requesting documents related to satisfactory academic progress standards and state licensing of online programs offered by South University and The Art Institute of Pittsburgh for the time period beginning January 1, 2006 through the date of the subpoena. The Company intends to cooperate with the subpoena and investigation. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.

Buirkle APA Program Accreditation Lawsuit

In August 2009, a petition was filed in the District Court for Dallas County, Texas in the case of Capalbo et al. v. Argosy Education Group, Inc. University, Education Management LLC, Education Management Corporation and Marilyn Powell-Kissinger by 15 former students in the Clinical Psychology program offered by the Dallas campus of Argosy University. In September 2009, the defendants removed the case to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas division. The case was remanded back to state court in November 2009 by agreement after the plaintiffs amended their pleadings to specify their allegations and agreed to dismiss Ms. Powell-Kissinger as a defendant. The plaintiffs filed an amended petition in state court in January 2010 under the name of Buirkle et al. v. Argosy Education Group, Inc., Education Management LLC and Education Management Corporation and included three new plaintiffs. The petition alleges that, prior to the plaintiffs’ enrollment and/or while the plaintiffs were enrolled in the program, the defendants violated the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Act and made material misrepresentations regarding the importance of accreditation of the program by the Commission on Accreditation, American Psychological Association, the status of the application of the Dallas campus for such accreditation, the availability of loan repayment options for the

 

55


Table of Contents

plaintiffs, and the quantity and quality of the plaintiffs’ career options. Plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary compensatory and punitive damages. In March 2010, claims filed by three of the plaintiffs who signed arbitration agreements with Argosy University were compelled to binding arbitration. The remaining lawsuits in the case were stayed pending the resolution of the three arbitrations.

In May 2010, those three plaintiffs and a fourth former student in the Clinical Psychology program offered by the Dallas campus of Argosy University filed a demand for arbitration. The first of four separate arbitrations is currently scheduled to be heard in February 2012. Also in May 2010, three additional former students in the Clinical Psychology program offered by the Dallas campus of Argosy University filed a new action in the District Court for Dallas County, Texas in the case of Adibian et al. v. Argosy Education Group, Inc., Education Management LLC, and Education Management Corporation alleging the same claims made in the previous lawsuits. The defendants filed a motion to stay the new action pending the resolution of the arbitration proceedings. Prior to the hearing on the motion, plaintiffs filed a notice of non-suit without prejudice. The court signed the order of non-suit in August 2010, and the case was closed. The Company believes the claims in the lawsuits and the arbitrations to be without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself.

State Attorney General Investigations

In December 2010, the Company received a subpoena from the Office of Consumer Protection of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Kentucky requesting documents and detailed information for the time period of January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2010. The Company has three Brown Mackie College locations in Kentucky. The Kentucky Attorney General has announced an investigation of the business practices of for-profit post-secondary schools and that subpoenas had been issued to six proprietary colleges that do business in Kentucky in connection with the investigation. The Company intends to continue to cooperate with the investigation. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.

In October 2010, Argosy University received a subpoena from the Florida Attorney General’s office seeking a wide range of documents related to the Company’s institutions, including the nine institutions located in Florida, from January 2, 2006 to the present. The Florida Attorney General has announced that it is investigating potential misrepresentations in recruitment, financial aid and other areas. The Company is cooperating with the investigation, but has also filed a suit to quash or limit the subpoena and to protect information sought that constitutes proprietary or trade secret information. The Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.

In August 2011, the Company received a subpoena from the Attorney General of the State of New York requesting documents and detailed information for the time period of January 1, 2000 through the present. The Art Institute of New York City is the Company’s only school located in New York. The subpoena is primarily related to the Company’s compensation of admissions representatives and recruiting activities. The relators in the Washington qui tam case filed the complaint under the State of New York’s False Claims Act though the state has not announced an intention to intervene in the matter. The Company intends to cooperate with the investigation. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.

In June 2007, The New England Institute of Art (“NEIA”) received a civil investigative demand letter from the Massachusetts State Attorney General requesting information in connection with the Attorney General’s review of alleged submissions of false claims by NEIA to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and alleged unfair and deceptive student lending and marketing practices engaged in by the school. In February 2008, the Attorney General informed NEIA that it does not plan to further pursue its investigation of deceptive marketing practices. In June and August of 2011, the Company provided the Attorney General with additional information related to the false claims investigation. NEIA intends to fully cooperate with the Attorney General in connection with its continuing investigation.

Other

In addition to the matters described above, the Company is a defendant in certain legal proceedings arising out of the conduct of its business. In the opinion of management, based upon an investigation of these claims and discussion with legal counsel, the ultimate outcome of such legal proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

 

56


Table of Contents
ITEM 4. (REMOVED AND RESERVED)

PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

On October 1, 2009, we consummated an initial public offering of 23.0 million shares of our common stock for net proceeds of approximately $387.3 million. In connection with the initial public offering, our Board of Directors declared a 4.4737 for one split of our common stock, which was paid in the form of a stock dividend on September 30, 2009. In connection with this stock split, we amended and restated our articles of incorporation to, among other things, increase the number of authorized shares of our common stock. Unless otherwise noted, all information presented in this Form 10-K has been adjusted to reflect our amended and restated articles of incorporation and stock split.

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “EDMC.” At August 25, 2011, there were 127,921,888 shares of our common stock outstanding, which were held by approximately 93 holders of record. The computation of the approximate number of shareholders is based upon a broker search. The prices set forth below reflect the high and low sales prices for our common stock, as reported in the consolidated transaction reporting system of the Nasdaq Global Select Market:

 

     Price Range of
Common Stock
 
     High      Low  

2011

     

First quarter

   $ 19.18       $ 7.76   

Second quarter

     18.74         9.76   

Third quarter

     21.45         13.52   

Fourth quarter

     27.59         16.93   
     High      Low  

2010

     

Second quarter

   $ 26.98       $ 20.06   

Third quarter

     24.11         17.10   

Fourth quarter

     26.79         15.05   

The following performance graph compares the yearly percentage change in the cumulative total shareholder return on the Company’s common stock since its initial public offering in October 2009 to the cumulative shareholder return for the same period of a peer group and the NASDAQ Composite Index. The peer group is comprised of the Company, Apollo Group, Inc., Capella Education Co., Career Education Corporation, DeVry Inc., ITT Educational Services, Inc. and Strayer Education, Inc. We believe this peer group represents a significant portion of the market value of publicly traded companies whose primary business is post-secondary education.

 

57


Table of Contents

LOGO

The preceding stock price performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

 

58


Table of Contents

The following table sets forth information with respect to shares of our common stock that we purchased during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011:

 

Period

   Total Number of
Shares Purchased
     Average Price Paid
per Share
     Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs (1)
     Approximate Dollar Value
of Shares that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs (1)
 

April 1-April 30, 2011

     919,700       $ 20.29         919,700       $ 90,725,067   

May 1-May 31, 2011

     2,218,000       $ 20.60         2,218,000       $ 45,042,617   

June 1-June 30, 2011

     911,600       $ 24.10         911,600       $ 23,073,644   

Total quarter ended June 30, 2011

     4,049,300       $ 21.32         4,049,300       $ 23,073,644   

 

(1) In June 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan under which it may purchase up to $50.0 million of its common stock in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, through accelerated repurchase programs or in structured share repurchase programs. In December 2010 and March 2011, the program was increased to allow purchases up to $150.0 million and $250.0 million, respectively. The stock repurchase plan does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be modified or suspended at any time at the Company’s discretion. On August 5, 2011, the Company announced an increase to the size of the program from $250.0 million to $325.0 million through December 31, 2011.

We have not paid dividends over the past two fiscal years, and we currently do not expect to pay dividends on shares of our common stock. The agreements governing our indebtedness limit our ability to pay dividends.

See Part III, Item 12. “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters” for information relating to our equity compensation plans.

 

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table presents our selected consolidated financial and other data as of the dates and for the periods indicated. The selected consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2010 and 2011 and the selected consolidated statement of operations data and the selected consolidated statement of cash flows data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2009, 2010 and 2011 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The selected historical consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2007, 2008 and 2009 and the consolidated statement of operations and statement of cash flows data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2007 and 2008 presented in this table have been derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included in this Form 10-K. The selected consolidated financial and other data presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be obtained for any future date or for any future period and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes that appear elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

 

59


Table of Contents
     For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30,  
     2007     2008     2009     2010     2011  
     (Dollars in millions except per share amounts)  

Statement of Operations Data:

          

Net revenues

   $ 1,363.7      $ 1,684.2      $ 2,011.5      $ 2,508.5      $ 2,887.6   

Costs and expenses:

          

Educational services

     729.9        901.3        1,067.7        1,267.1        1,480.8   

General and administrative

     310.3        414.1        507.7        667.1        759.0   

Management fees paid to affiliates

     5.0        5.0        5.0        32.1        —     

Depreciation and amortization

     90.6        100.3        112.3        123.4        146.5   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

     1,135.8        1,420.7        1,692.7        2,089.7        2,386.3   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before interest, loss on extinguishment of debt and income taxes

     227.9        263.5        318.8        418.8        501.3   

Interest expense, net

     168.3        156.3        153.3        121.5        120.7   

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     —          —          —          47.2        11.4   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     59.6        107.2        165.5        250.1        369.2   

Provision for income taxes

     27.2        41.2        61.1        81.6        139.7   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 32.4      $ 66.0      $ 104.4      $ 168.5      $ 229.5   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic earnings per common share

   $ 0.27      $ 0.55      $ 0.87      $ 1.23      $ 1.67   

Diluted earnings per common share

   $ 0.27      $ 0.55      $ 0.87      $ 1.22      $ 1.66   

Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in 000s)

     118,292        119,769        119,770        136,917        137,376   

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in 000s)

     118,292        119,769        119,770        137,667        138,316   

Statement of Cash Flows Data:

          

Net cash flows provided by (used in):

          

Operating activities

   $ 179.9      $ 152.7      $ 293.4      $ 307.1      $ 399.7   

Capital expenditures for long lived assets

     (96.1     (150.9     (150.7     (175.8     (138.1

Investing activities

     (110.8     (157.3     (173.1     (190.2     (161.2

Financing activities

     (41.3     (8.5     (33.7     (106.4     (209.2

Other Data:

          

EBITDA(1)

   $ 318.5      $ 363.8      $ 431.1      $ 542.2      $ 647.8   

Enrollment at beginning of fall quarter

     80,300        95,900        110,800        136,000        158,300   

Campus locations (at period end)

     78        88        92        101        105   
     As of June 30,  
     2007     2008     2009     2010     2011  
     (In millions)  

Balance Sheet Data:

          

Cash and cash equivalents (excludes restricted cash)

   $ 290.7      $ 277.4      $ 363.3      $ 373.5      $ 403.2   

Total assets

     3,988.7        4,095.4        4,285.2        4,511.6        4,555.0   

Total debt, including current portion and revolving credit facility

     2,030.0        2,021.4        1,988.6        1,538.7        1,557.9   

Total shareholders’ equity

     1,350.8        1,392.2        1,485.7        2,076.7        2,103.9   

 

60


Table of Contents
(1) EBITDA, a measure used by management to measure operating performance, is defined as net income plus interest expense, net, loss on extinguishment of debt, provision for income taxes and depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is not a recognized term under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and does not purport to be an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Additionally, EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of free cash flows available for management’s discretionary use, as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments and debt service requirements. Our obligations to make interest payments and our other debt service obligations have increased substantially as a result of the indebtedness incurred to finance the Transaction and to pay related expenses in June 2006. Management believes EBITDA is helpful in highlighting trends because EBITDA excludes the results of decisions that are outside the control of operating management and can differ significantly from company to company depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which companies operate and capital investments. Management compensates for the limitations of using non-GAAP financial measures by using them to supplement GAAP results to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting the business than GAAP results alone. Because not all companies use identical calculations, these presentations of EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. EBITDA is calculated as follows:

 

     For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30,  
     2007      2008      2009      2010      2011  
     (in millions)  

Net income

   $ 32.4       $ 66.0       $ 104.4       $ 168.5       $ 229.5   

Interest expense, net

     168.3         156.3         153.3         121.5         120.7   

Loss on extinguishment of debt (a)

     —           —           —           47.2         11.4   

Provision for income taxes

     27.2         41.2         61.1         81.6         139.7   

Depreciation and amortization

     90.6         100.3         112.3         123.4         146.5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

EBITDA (b)

   $ 318.5       $ 363.8       $ 431.1       $ 542.2       $ 647.8   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(a) In connection with the initial public offering in October 2009, we retired $316.0 million of our 10.25% senior subordinated notes, resulting in a loss of $44.8 million. Also during fiscal 2010, we purchased $21.3 million of senior subordinated notes at a loss of $2.4 million. In fiscal 2011, we retired the remainder of our senior subordinated notes at a loss of $3.0 million. We also amended our senior secured credit facility in fiscal 2011, which was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt and resulted in a loss of $8.4 million.
(b) EBITDA, as presented above, is different from Adjusted EBITDA calculated for the purpose of determining compliance with our senior secured credit agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes. For an explanation of Adjusted EBITDA, see “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources”.

 

61


Table of Contents
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Business Overview

We are among the largest providers of post-secondary education in North America, with over 158,300 enrolled students as of October 2010. We offer academic programs to our students through campus-based and online instruction, or through a combination of both. We are committed to offering quality academic programs and continuously strive to improve the learning experience for our students. We target a large and diverse market as our educational institutions offer students the opportunity to earn undergraduate and graduate degrees, including doctoral degrees, and certain specialized non-degree diplomas in a broad range of disciplines. These disciplines include media arts, health sciences, design, psychology and behavioral sciences, culinary, business, fashion, legal, education and information technology. Each of our schools located in the United States is licensed or permitted to offer post-secondary programs in the state in which it is located, accredited by a national or regional accreditation agency and certified by the U.S. Department of Education, enabling students to access federal student loans, grants and other forms of public and private financial aid. Our academic programs are designed with an emphasis on applied content and are taught primarily by faculty members who, in addition to having appropriate academic credentials, offer practical and relevant professional experience in their respective fields. Our net revenues were $2,887.6 million in fiscal 2011.

Our schools comprise a national education platform that is designed to address the needs of a broad market, taking into consideration various factors that influence demand, such as programmatic and degree interest, employment opportunities, requirements for credentials in certain professions, demographics, tuition pricing points and economic conditions. We believe that our schools collectively enable us to provide access to a high quality education for potential students, at a variety of degree levels and across a wide range of disciplines.

On June 1, 2006, we were acquired by a consortium of private equity investment funds (the “Transaction”) led by Providence Equity Partners, Goldman Sachs Capital Partners and Leeds Equity Partners (collectively, the “Sponsors”). We completed an initial public offering of our common stock on October 7, 2009 where we sold 23.0 million shares of common stock for $18.00 per share. Net proceeds from the initial public offering were primarily used to repay indebtedness with a face value of $316.0 million and terminate a management agreement with the Sponsors.

We have undertaken multiple initiatives to address the growing demand for post-secondary education in the United States. During our fiscal year ended June 30, 2011, we opened four new locations, developed 16 new academic programs and introduced over 350 new or existing academic programs to locations that had not previously offered such programs. The average enrollment growth at our schools during fiscal 2011 was 14.3% as compared to fiscal 2010. We continue to make significant capital investments in technology and human resources designed to facilitate future enrollment growth. We also continue to upgrade our infrastructure, student interfaces and student support systems to enhance the student experience, while providing greater operational transparency.

A majority of our students rely on funds received under various government-sponsored student financial aid programs, especially Title IV programs, to pay a substantial portion of their tuition and other education-related expenses. Because of the dependence on government-sponsored programs, we participate in industry groups and monitor the impact of newly proposed legislation on our business. Some of our students also rely upon funds received from private lenders to pay a portion of their tuition and related expenses. Net revenues derived indirectly from private loans to students at our schools represented approximately 3.2% of our net revenues in fiscal 2011, as compared to approximately 4.5% and 13.0% of our net revenues in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively.

Industry Overview

The U.S. Department of Education estimates that the U.S. public and private post-secondary education market for degree-granting institutions was a $350 billion industry in 2009, representing approximately 20.4 million students enrolled at over 4,500 institutions. According to the National Center of Education Statistics, traditional students, who typically are recent high school graduates under 25 years of age and are pursuing their first higher education degree, represent approximately 60% of the national student population. The remaining 40% of the student population is comprised of non-traditional students, who are largely working adults pursuing further education in their current field or are preparing for a new career.

 

62


Table of Contents

We believe that there are a number of factors contributing to the long-term growth of the post-secondary education industry. The shift toward a services-based economy increases the demand for higher levels of education. According to the U.S. Department of Labor — Bureau of Labor Statistics, the projected growth rate for total job openings from 2008 to 2018 for occupations that require post-secondary education is over 15%, nearly double the growth rate for occupations that do not require post-secondary education. Additionally, economic incentives are favorable for post-secondary graduates. According to the U.S. Department of Labor — Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2010, the median weekly earnings for individuals aged 25 years and older with a Bachelor’s degree was approximately 66% higher than for high school graduates of the same age with no college experience, and the average unemployment rate in 2010 for persons aged 25 years and older with a Bachelor’s degree was nearly half that of those without college experience.

For-profit educators have provided an increasing share of the growing demand for post-secondary education which has not been fully addressed by traditional public and private universities. Non-profit public and private institutions can face limited financial capability to expand their offerings in response to the growing demand for education, due to a combination of state funding challenges, significant expenditures required for research and the professor tenure system. Certain private institutions also may control enrollments to preserve the perceived prestige and exclusivity of their degree offerings.

As a result, we believe that for-profit, post-secondary education providers continue to have significant opportunities to address the demand for post-secondary education and that growth in online education has been supported by favorable student outcomes, the flexibility and convenience associated with the instructional format and the higher penetration of broadband Internet access. According to the National Center of Education Statistics, the number of students at for-profit, degree-granting institutions grew at an average annual rate of 15.7% from 1999 to 2009, compared to 3.3% growth for all degree-granting institutions over the same period. Enrollment growth by these providers has benefited from the higher flexibility of their programmatic offerings and learning structure, their emphasis on applied content and their ability to consistently introduce new campuses and academic programs. Despite rapid growth, the share of the post-secondary education market that has been captured by for-profit providers remains relatively small. In 2009, according to the National Center for Education Statistics, for-profit institutions accounted for 9.1% of all degree-granting, post-secondary enrollments, up from 2.9% in 1999.

The post-secondary education industry is highly fragmented, with no one provider controlling a significant share of the market. Students choose among providers based on programs and degrees offered, program flexibility and convenience, quality of instruction, graduate employment rates, reputation and recruiting effectiveness. This multi-faceted market fragmentation results in significant differentiation among various education providers, limited direct competition and minimal overlap between for-profit providers. The main competitors of for-profit, post-secondary education providers are local public and private two-year junior and community colleges, traditional public and private undergraduate and graduate colleges and, to a lesser degree, other for-profit providers.

Statement of Operations

Our quarterly net revenues and income fluctuate primarily as a result of the pattern of student enrollments. The seasonality of our business has decreased over the last several years due to an increased percentage of students enrolling in online programs, which generally experience less seasonal fluctuations than campus-based programs. Our first fiscal quarter is typically our lowest revenue recognition quarter due to student vacations.

The largest component of our net revenues is tuition collected from our students, which is presented in our statements of operations after deducting refunds, scholarships and other adjustments. Net revenues primarily consist of tuition and fees, student housing fees, bookstore sales, restaurant sales in connection with culinary programs, workshop fees, and sales of related study materials. We recognize revenue on a pro rata basis over the term of instruction or occupancy or when cash is received in the case of certain point-of-sale revenues. The amount of tuition revenue received from students varies based on the average tuition charge per credit hour, average credit hours taken per student, type of program, specific curriculum and average student population. Bookstore and housing revenues are largely a function of the average student population.

The two main drivers of our net revenues are average student population and tuition rates. Factors affecting our average student population include the number of continuing students attending our schools at the beginning of a period and the number of new students entering our schools during such period. We believe that the size of our student population at our campuses is influenced by a number of factors. These include the number of individuals seeking post-secondary education, the attractiveness of our program offerings, the quality of the student experience, the persistence of our students, the length of the education programs and our overall educational reputation. We seek to grow our average student population by offering

 

63


Table of Contents

additional programs at existing schools and by establishing new school locations, whether through new facility start-up or acquisition. Historically, we have been able to pass along the rising cost of providing quality education through increases in tuition. Our ability to raise tuition in the future may be limited by the gainful employment regulations recently finalized by the U.S. Department of Education which is described below and limits the ability of students to obtain financing for tuition and fees in excess of their ability to obtain federally guaranteed loans, private loans, or make cash payments. Total tuition and fees can exceed the amounts of financial aid available for students under all available government-sponsored aid, including Title IV programs. We have increased the number of funding options available to students over the last several years due to significant decreases in the availability of private loans for students to cover this financing gap. During fiscal 2011, we extended the repayment period for some of the financing we make available to students to include periods of up to 36 months beyond graduation, which may result in higher bad debt expense as a percentage of our net revenues in future periods. Average tuition rates increased by approximately 4% in fiscal 2011 and 6% in fiscal 2010.

Educational services expense, the largest component of our operating expenses, consists primarily of costs related to the development, delivery and administration of our education programs. Major cost components are faculty compensation, salaries of administrative and student services staff, costs of educational materials, facility occupancy costs, information systems costs and bad debt expense.

The second largest expense line item, general and administrative expense, consists of marketing and student admissions expenses and certain central staff departmental costs such as executive management, finance and accounting, legal, corporate development and other departments that do not provide direct services to our students. We have centralized many of these services to gain consistency in management reporting, efficiency in administrative effort and cost control. With regard to the marketing component of our expenses, we have seen a change in the way we market to and attract inquiries from prospective students as the Internet continues to be an increasingly important way of reaching students. However, Internet inquiries, which generally cost less than leads from traditional media sources such as television and print, convert to applications at a lower rate than inquiries from traditional media sources.

Key Trends, Developments and Challenges

The following developments and trends present opportunities, challenges and risks to our business:

 

   

U.S. Department of Education Program Integrity Regulations. In November 2009, the U.S. Department of Education convened two negotiated rulemaking teams related to Title IV program integrity issues. The resulting program integrity rules promulgated in October 2010 and June 2011 address numerous topics. With the exception of the gainful employment metrics described below, the new regulations became effective on July 1, 2011. The most significant for our business are the following:

 

   

Modification of the standards relating to the payment of incentive compensation to employees involved in student recruitment and enrollment;

 

   

Implementation of standards for state authorization of institutions of higher education;

 

   

Defining a credit hour for purposes of determining program eligibility for Title IV student financial aid; and

 

   

Adoption of a definition of “gainful employment” for purposes of the requirement of Title IV student financial aid that a program of study offered by a proprietary institution prepare students for gainful employment in a recognized occupation.

As more fully described in “Business – Student Financial Assistance – Program Integrity Regulations”, the new gainful employment definition establishes three annual, program-level metrics: debt repayment rate, debt-to-discretionary income ratio, and debt-to-total earnings ratio. If an academic program fails all three metrics in a year, the institution must disclose the amount by which the program missed the minimum acceptable performance and the institution’s plan to improve the program. If an academic program fails all three metrics in two out of three years, the institution must inform students in the failing program that their debts may be unaffordable and the program may lose eligibility, and must describe for students their available transfer options. If an academic program fails all three metrics in three out of four years, the academic program would become ineligible to participate in federal student financial aid programs for at least three years.

 

64


Table of Contents

We have implemented a number of changes to our business to respond to the new program integrity regulations. We developed and implemented a new compensation plan for our admissions representatives beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2011 in response to the revised compensation rules for employees who directly or indirectly engage in recruiting of students or the awarding of financial aid and revised other practices. In connection with the new compensation plan, we eliminated enrollment results as a component of compensation for our admissions representatives. We believe that these changes to our business practices have negatively affected student recruitment or enrollment due to a decreased productivity from our admissions representatives and may have a negative impact on the recruitment and retention of employees. Additionally, we implemented a number of initiatives to respond to the new gainful employment definition such as the development of new Associates’, diploma and certificate programs and lowering the costs associated with a number of our existing programs. However, certain of our programs may be unable to maintain eligibility to enroll students receiving Title IV funds and we may have restrictions placed upon certain program offerings as a result of not meeting prescribed metrics. To the extent that our new programmatic offerings do not offset the loss of any of our current programs, the loss of students or restrictions on program eligibility could have a material adverse effect on our student population, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

   

Changes to Fully Online Program Offerings. During fiscal 2011, we made several changes to our online programmatic offerings that negatively impacted our margins but which we believe will have a positive long-term impact on our business. We began to transition fully online programs offered by South University and Argosy University from a quarterly term-based to a non-term based academic calendar structure. The new model supports more frequent class starts and provides a number of benefits to students. The non-term based academic calendar minimizes the opportunity for over-borrowing since students are full-time versus part-time under a term based calendar.

As a result of the shift to a non-term academic calendar for certain of our online students, there have been a number of changes in some of our key metrics compared to prior periods. For example, under a non-term academic structure, we will carry a larger advance payment balance on the consolidated balance sheet; however, most of these advance payments will be offset in restricted cash, rather than cash and cash equivalents, due to the fact that students are billed one session at a time. We also changed our methodology of calculating student enrollment data under the non-term structure due to the increased frequency of academic terms. Effective as of July 2011, we began reporting all online student enrollment based on students who meet the attendance requirements during a two week period in the first month of a fiscal quarter after the start of an academic term for an onground school rather than based on the starting student body at the beginning of an academic quarter. As a result of this change, reported enrollment of fully online students will be lower than it would have been under the prior method and we anticipate experiencing greater variability in year-over-year new student and total enrollment growth of fully online students. We believe the new reporting approach provides the best indicator of future revenue.

We have also introduced graduation focused teams for students attending our fully online programs. These teams are comprised of individuals from admissions, financial services and academic counseling. All students who apply to the fully online programs are assigned to a team that is available to help them throughout all phases of their academic tenure from admissions to financial aid to academic counseling. We believe that these teams will help improve the student experience and retention over time by providing more personalized, dedicated service.

 

   

U.S. Congressional Hearings. Beginning last year, there has been increased focus by members of the U.S. Congress on the role that proprietary educational institutions play in higher education. In June 2010, the HELP Committee held the first in a series of hearings to examine the proprietary education sector. At a subsequent hearing in August 2010, the GAO presented a report of its review of various aspects of the proprietary sector, including recruitment practices and the degree to which proprietary institutions’ revenue is composed of Title IV funding. Following the August hearing, Sen. Tom Harkin, the Chairman of the HELP Committee, requested a broad range of detailed information from 30 proprietary institutions, including the Company. We have been and intend to continue being responsive to the requests of the HELP Committee. Sen. Harkin has held subsequent hearings, most recently on June 7, 2011, and we believe that future hearings may be held. The hearings held by the HELP Committee were not formally related to the rulemaking process undertaken by the U.S. Department of Education described below. However, the hearings could lead to further investigations of proprietary schools and the proposal of revisions to the HEA and additional regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of Education. In addition, other Congressional hearings have been or are expected to be held regarding various aspects of the education industry that may affect our business, including hearings before the Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management, Government Information, Federal Services and International Security and the House Education and the Workforce Committee.

 

65


Table of Contents

Due to the impact of the above factors, we anticipate that during fiscal 2012 we will experience margin pressures related to investments and changes resulting from the gainful employment rule; higher staffing levels to support the transition of the non-term academic structure and graduation focused team initiatives for our fully online students; a reduction in the average registered credits taken by fully online students due to changes associated with the non-term academic calendar structure; and company-wide centralization of certain student financial services. Additionally, though we have experienced significant compounded annual growth over the last ten fiscal years, we and other for-profit post-secondary education providers have experienced a number of recent challenges which will negatively impact our growth during fiscal 2012, including changes we are implementing to our programmatic offerings in response to the new gainful employment definition, a decreased investment in new school locations during fiscal 2011 and 2012 due to the uncertain regulatory environment, and negative media associated with the industry due in part to governmental investigations.

 

66


Table of Contents

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the percentage relationship of certain statements of operations items to net revenues.

Amounts expressed as a percentage of net revenues

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 

     For the Fiscal Year
Ended June 30,
 
     2011     2010     2009  

Net revenues

     100.0     100.0     100.0

Costs and expenses:

      

Educational services

     51.3     50.5     53.1

General and administrative

     26.3     26.6     25.3

Management fees paid to affiliates

     0.0     1.3     0.2

Depreciation and amortization

     5.1     4.9     5.6
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

     82.7     83.3     84.2
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before interest, loss on extinguishment of debt and income taxes

     17.3     16.7     15.8

Interest expense, net

     4.2     4.8     7.6

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     0.4     1.9     0.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     12.7     10.0     8.2

Provision for income taxes

     4.8     3.3     3.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

     7.9     6.7     5.2
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Year Ended June 30, 2011 (Fiscal 2011) Compared with the Year Ended June 30, 2010 (Fiscal 2010)

All basis point changes are presented as a change in the percentage of net revenues in each year of comparison.

Net revenues

Net revenues for fiscal 2011 increased 15.1% to $2,887.6 million, compared to $2,508.5 million in fiscal 2010. Average student enrollment increased by approximately 18,900 students, or 14.3%, to 150,800 students in fiscal 2011 due primarily to the opening of new school locations, the growth in our fully online programs and the introduction of new academic programs. None of the growth resulted from the acquisitions of educational institutions. In addition, tuition rates increased approximately 4% in fiscal 2011 compared to fiscal 2010. These factors were partially offset by a lower average credit load taken by students. The decrease in credit load was primarily the result of growth in the number of students enrolled in fully online programs, in which students typically take a lesser credit load. We derived approximately 92.5% of our net revenues from tuition and fees paid by, or on behalf of, our students in fiscal 2011 and 2010.

Net revenues from bookstore sales, which include supplies and other items, grew in line with our average student population to $105.2 million in fiscal 2011 compared to $87.2 million in fiscal 2010, an increase of 20.7%. Net housing revenues also increased by 9.8%, to $88.7 million, in fiscal 2011 compared to fiscal 2010, as the stabilization of the economy allowed the occupancy in our school dormitories to revert closer to historical levels.

 

67


Table of Contents

Educational services expense

Educational services expense increased by $213.7 million, or 16.9%, to $1,480.8 million in fiscal 2011 due primarily to the incremental costs incurred to support higher student enrollment. As a percentage of net revenues, educational services expense increased by 77 basis points.

During the current year to date period we recognized $21.5 million in fair value adjustments related to the Education Finance Loan program (“EFL Loans”). These fair value adjustments accounted for an increase of 74 basis points in educational services expense from the prior year period. We will no longer have adjustments related to EFL Loans, as the portfolio of loans was sold to an unrelated third party during fiscal 2011.

After adjusting for fair value changes on the EFL Loans, educational services expense increased by three basis points in the current fiscal year compared to the prior fiscal year. Bad debt expense, which excludes fair value adjustments to EFL Loans, was $134.6 million, or 4.7% of net revenues, in the current fiscal year compared to $105.6 million, or 4.2% of net revenues, in the prior year, which represented an increase of 45 basis points. The increase in bad debt expense as a percentage of net revenues was primarily due to larger receivable balances as a result of our assistance with students’ cost of education through extended credit terms, higher delinquency rates and an increase in the proportion of our receivables from out-of-school students, which are reserved for at a higher rate than receivables from in-school students. The extension of our credit terms to students may result in higher bad debt expense as a percentage of net revenues in future periods.

Partially offsetting the above increase was a decrease in rent expense of 34 basis points as a percentage of net revenues associated with our schools. Rent expense was $182.4 million in the current fiscal year and $167.1 million in the prior fiscal year. The remaining net decrease of eight basis points in the current fiscal year was primarily the result of decreases in other items, none of which was individually significant.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expense was $759.0 million in the current fiscal year, an increase of 13.8% from $667.1 million in the prior fiscal year. As a percentage of net revenues, general and administrative expense decreased 31 basis points compared to the prior fiscal year. During the prior fiscal year, we incurred non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $13.4 million in connection with the initial public offering. This expense was previously deferred due to the existence of certain conditions associated with employee stock options which were removed upon the completion of the initial public offering. We also incurred $1.0 million of legal costs and other fees associated with the repurchase of our 10.25% senior subordinated notes due 2016 (the “Senior Subordinated Notes”) in the second and third fiscal quarters of fiscal 2010.

After adjusting for the costs described above, general and administrative expense increased by 26 basis points in the current fiscal year compared to the prior fiscal year. Marketing and admissions costs were 22.4% of net revenues in the current fiscal year compared to 22.2% of net revenues in the prior fiscal year, an increase of 21 basis points. As a result of the current regulatory environment, there was also an increase in legal and consulting costs of 37 basis points compared to the prior fiscal year. Partially offsetting the above increases was a $4.2 million benefit from the favorable outcome of a state capital tax matter, representing a decrease of 15 basis points. The remaining net decrease of 17 basis points in the current fiscal year was primarily the result of decreases in other items, none of which was individually significant.

Management fees paid to affiliates

In the prior fiscal year, management fees paid to affiliates of $32.1 million consisted of the pro-rata portion of the $5.0 million annual fee paid to the Sponsors through December 31, 2009 under an agreement executed in connection with the Transaction and a non-recurring fee of $29.6 million to terminate the agreement which was paid at the time of the initial public offering.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization on long-lived assets was $146.5 million in the current fiscal year, an increase of 18.7% from the prior fiscal year. As a percentage of net revenues, depreciation and amortization expense increased by 16 basis points compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase in depreciation and amortization as a percentage of net revenues is primarily due to the effect of a full year of amortization from assets placed into service in the latter half of fiscal 2010.

 

68


Table of Contents

Interest expense, net

Net interest expense was $120.7 million in the current fiscal year, a decrease of $0.8 million from the prior fiscal year. The decrease in net interest expense is primarily related to the early retirement of our Senior Subordinated Notes, partially offset by higher interest rates and letter of credit fees following the amendment to our senior secured credit facility in December 2010.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011, we recorded losses of $11.4 million related to our debt. These losses were comprised of a $3.0 million loss on the extinguishment of the remaining $47.7 million of our Senior Subordinated Notes and an $8.4 million loss related to the amendment of our senior secured credit facility.

In the prior fiscal year, we recorded a loss of $47.2 million upon the early retirement of $337.3 million of our Senior Subordinated Notes. This loss was comprised of a premium of $41.6 million over face value to repurchase the Senior Subordinated Notes and accelerated amortization on the prorated portion of deferred financing costs related to these notes of $5.6 million.

Provision for income taxes

Our effective tax rate was 37.8% in the current fiscal year as compared to 32.6% in the prior fiscal year. The effective tax rates differed from the combined federal and state statutory rates primarily due to accounting for uncertain tax positions, valuation allowances, and expenses that are non-deductible for tax purposes. The prior year effective tax rate was lower than the current year rate due primarily to the reversal of $17.9 million of uncertain tax liabilities upon the expiration of statutes of limitation from fiscal 2006, partially offset by a $3.6 million reversal of uncertain tax liabilities in fiscal 2011 due to the expiration of statutes of limitation from fiscal 2007.

Year Ended June 30, 2010 (Fiscal 2010) Compared with the Year Ended June 30, 2009 (Fiscal 2009)

All basis point changes are presented as a change in the percentage of net revenues in each year of comparison.

Net revenues

Net revenues for fiscal 2010 increased 24.7% to $2,508.5 million, compared to $2,011.5 million in fiscal 2009. Average student enrollment increased by 24,300 students, or 22.5%, to 131,900 students in fiscal 2010 due primarily to the opening of new school locations, the growth in our fully online programs and the introduction of new academic programs. None of the growth resulted from the acquisitions of educational institutions. In addition, tuition rates increased approximately 6% in fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009. These factors were partially offset by a lower average credit load taken by students. The decrease in credit load was primarily the result of growth in the number of students enrolled in fully online programs, in which students typically take a lesser credit load. We derived approximately 92.5% and 91.7% of our net revenues from tuition and fees paid by, or on behalf of, our students in fiscal 2010 and fiscal 2009, respectively.

Net revenues from bookstore sales, which include supplies and other items, grew in line with our average student population to $87.2 million in fiscal 2010 compared to $68.9 million in fiscal 2009, an increase of 26.5%. However, net housing revenues decreased by $0.5 million, or by 0.6%, to $80.7 million, in fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009 due primarily to a lower student housing population as a result of the economic downturn that started in fiscal 2009.

Educational services expense

Educational services expense increased by $199.4 million, or 18.7%, to $1,267.1 million in fiscal 2010 due primarily to the incremental costs incurred to support higher student enrollment. As a percentage of net revenues, educational services expense decreased by 257 basis points.

 

69


Table of Contents

Salaries and benefits expense decreased by 177 basis points from the prior fiscal year due primarily to operating leverage at existing on-ground campuses, partially offset by an increase in these costs for our fully online programs and $3.0 million of stock-based compensation expense recorded in fiscal 2010. We did not record any stock-based compensation prior to the completion of the initial public offering in October 2009. We also experienced operating leverage on rent associated with our schools, which was $167.1 million in the current fiscal year and $148.3 million in the prior fiscal year, or a 71 basis point decrease as a percentage of net revenues. Additionally, costs related to utilities and information technology maintenance decreased 35 basis points in the current fiscal year compared to the prior fiscal year. We also experienced a decrease of 36 basis points from the prior fiscal year in fees paid to private lenders to originate loans obtained by our students. This trend is discussed more fully in Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity - FFEL/Direct Loan Programs and Private Student Loans”.

Bad debt expense was $105.6 million, or 4.2% of net revenues, in fiscal 2010 compared to $72.5 million, or 3.6% of net revenues, in the prior fiscal year, which represented an increase of 61 basis points. The increase in bad debt expense as a percentage of net revenues was primarily due to larger receivable balances as a result of our assistance with students’ cost of education, higher delinquency rates, prevailing economic conditions and an increase in the proportion of our receivables from out-of-school students, which are reserved for at a higher rate than in-school students. In addition, allowances recorded in connection with our Education Finance Loan program negatively impacted bad debt expense. The remaining net increase of one basis point in educational services expense in the current fiscal year was the result of an increase in other costs, none of which were individually significant.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expense was $667.2 million in fiscal 2010, an increase of 31.4% from $507.7 million in fiscal 2009. As a percentage of net revenues, general and administrative expense increased 136 basis points compared to fiscal 2009. During fiscal 2010, we incurred non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $13.1 million in connection with the initial public offering. This expense was previously deferred due to the existence of certain conditions associated with employee stock options which were removed upon the completion of the initial public offering. We also incurred $1.0 million of legal costs and other fees associated with the two repurchases of our Senior Subordinated Notes in the second and third fiscal quarters of fiscal 2010.

After adjusting for the costs described above, general and administrative expense increased by 80 basis points in fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009. Recurring non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $5.6 million resulted in a 22 basis point increase over fiscal 2009. Marketing and admissions costs were 22.2% of net revenues in fiscal 2010 compared to 21.9% of net revenues in the prior fiscal year, an increase of 28 basis points. The remaining net increase of 30 basis points in fiscal 2010 was primarily the result of increases in other items, none of which were individually significant.

Management fees paid to affiliates

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2010, management fees paid to affiliates of $32.1 million consisted of the pro-rata portion of the $5.0 million annual fee paid to the Sponsors through December 31, 2009 under an agreement executed in connection with the Transaction and a non-recurring fee of $29.6 million to terminate the agreement which was paid at the time of the initial public offering.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization on long-lived assets was $123.4 million in fiscal 2010, an increase of 9.9% from fiscal 2009. As a percentage of net revenues, depreciation and amortization expense decreased by 66 basis points compared to fiscal 2009, due to leverage in relation to revenue growth and a reduction in amortization of intangible assets due primarily to the expiration in June 2009 of a three-year $25.0 million intangible asset.

Interest expense, net

Net interest expense was $121.5 million in fiscal 2010, a decrease of $31.8 million from fiscal 2009. The decrease in net interest expense is primarily related to the early retirement of $337.4 million of our Senior Subordinated Notes in the second and third fiscal quarters of fiscal 2010.

 

70


Table of Contents

Loss on extinguishment of debt

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2010, we recorded a loss of $47.2 million on the early retirement of a portion of our Senior Subordinated Notes in the second and third fiscal quarters. This loss was comprised of a premium of $41.6 million over face value to repurchase the Senior Subordinated Notes and accelerated amortization on the prorated portion of deferred financing costs related to these notes of $5.6 million.

Provision for income taxes

Our effective tax rate was 32.6% in fiscal 2010 as compared to 36.9% in fiscal 2009. The effective tax rates differed from the combined federal and state statutory rates primarily due to accounting for uncertain tax positions, valuation allowances, and expenses that are non-deductible for tax purposes.

The decrease in the effective tax rate in fiscal 2010 as compared to fiscal 2009 was primarily due to a $17.9 million decrease in our liability for uncertain tax positions as the result of the expiration of certain statutes of limitation with respect to fiscal year 2006.

Liquidity and Funds of Capital Resources

We finance our operating activities primarily from cash generated from operations, and our primary source of cash is tuition collected from our students. We believe that cash flow from operations, supplemented from time to time with borrowings under our $442.5 million revolving credit facility, will provide adequate funds for ongoing operations, planned expansion to new locations, planned capital expenditures, debt service and acquisitions during the next twelve months.

Operating cash flows

Cash provided by operating activities for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011 was $399.7 million, an increase of $92.6 million compared to fiscal 2010. The increase in operating cash flows as compared to the prior fiscal year was primarily related to improved operating performance and net changes in cash flows related to the Education Finance Loan portfolio, which was sold for $42.8 million in net proceeds in April 2011.

The extension of credit to our students, which helps fund the difference between our total tuition and fees and the amount covered by government sponsored aid, including amounts awarded under Title IV programs, private loans obtained by students, and cash payments by students, has increased over the last several years due to decreases in availability of private loans for students to cover this financing gap. During fiscal 2011, we extended the repayment period for some of the financing we make available to students to include periods of up to 36 months beyond graduation, which may result in higher bad debt expense as a percentage of our net revenues in future periods if students continue to utilize this funding source. Since the extended payment plans are not federal student loans, these plans will not directly affect our published student loan default rates; however, there may be an indirect negative impact to default rates as students may have more total debt upon graduation.

The level of accounts receivable reaches a peak immediately after the billing of tuition and fees at the beginning of each academic period. Collection of these receivables is heaviest at the start of each academic period. Additionally, federal financial aid proceeds for continuing students can be received up to ten days prior to the start of an academic term, which can result in fluctuations in quarterly cash receipts due to the timing of the start of academic terms. Net accounts receivable can be affected significantly by the changes in the start dates of academic terms from reporting period to reporting period. There were no significant changes to the start dates of academic terms in session as compared to the prior year period.

We introduced the Education Finance Loan program in August 2008, which enabled students who had exhausted all available government-sponsored or other aid and had been denied a private loan to borrow a portion of their tuition and other educational expenses at our schools if they or a co-borrower met certain eligibility and underwriting criteria. We purchased loans totaling $23.9 million and $74.0 million during fiscal 2011 and 2010, respectively, related to the Education Finance Loan program. In April 2011, we sold all loans under the EFL program for net proceeds of $42.8 million to an unrelated third party. As such, we have no future obligations to purchase additional loans from the private lender under the program at June 30, 2011.

 

71


Table of Contents

We have accrued a total of $5.4 million as of June 30, 2011 for uncertain tax positions, excluding interest and the indirect benefits associated with state income taxes. We may have cash payments in future periods relating to the amount accrued if we are ultimately unsuccessful in defending these uncertain tax positions. However, we cannot reasonably predict at this time the future period in which these payments may occur, if at all.

Investing cash flows

Capital expenditures were $138.1 million, or 4.8% of net revenues, in fiscal 2011, compared to $175.8 million, or 7.0% of net revenues, in fiscal 2010. The decrease in capital expenditures as a percentage of net revenues was primarily due to a reduced number of new schools opening in the current year as a result of uncertainty in the regulatory environment.

Reimbursements for tenant improvements represent cash received from lessors based on the terms of lease agreements to be used for leasehold improvements, which partially offset the outflows for capital expenditures. We lease most of our facilities under operating lease agreements. We anticipate that future commitments on existing leases will be satisfied from cash provided from operating activities. We also expect to extend the terms of leases that will expire in the near future or enter into similar long-term commitments for comparable space.

Financing cash flows

As a result of the Transaction, we are highly leveraged and our debt service requirements are significant. At June 30, 2011, we had $1,557.9 million in aggregate indebtedness outstanding, including amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility. We expect our cash flows from operations, combined with availability under our revolving credit facility, to provide sufficient liquidity to fund our current obligations, projected working capital requirements and capital spending over the next twelve months.

On June 1, 2011, we called the remaining $47.7 million of our Senior Subordinated Notes for a price of $50.1 million. The premium of $2.4 million and remaining amortization on related deferred financing fees of $0.6 million was recorded as a $3.0 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011.

On December 7, 2010, we finalized an agreement to amend and extend our senior secured credit facilities, which include a $442.5 million revolving credit facility and a $1.1 billion term loan. Under the agreement, lenders providing $328.3 million, or 74% of the current capacity, under the revolving credit facility extended their commitments from June 1, 2012 to June 1, 2015 at a new interest rate of LIBOR + 4.0%. In addition, holders of an aggregate $758.7 million, or 68%, of the term loan agreed to extend the maturity date from June 1, 2013 to June 1, 2016 and increase the interest rate on these borrowings from LIBOR + 1.75% to LIBOR + 4.0%. Lenders who did not extend will continue to be paid interest based on the margin spreads in place prior to the amendment.

We may borrow up to $442.5 million on our revolving credit facility in order to fund working capital needs that may result from the seasonal pattern of cash receipts that occur throughout the year and issue letters of credit. We borrowed $79.0 million on the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2011 in order to satisfy year-end regulatory financial ratios, which was repaid on July 1, 2011 from cash on hand at fiscal year-end. We did not borrow against the revolving credit facility at any other point during fiscal 2011 or fiscal 2010.

We may issue up to $425.0 million of letters of credit under the revolving credit facility, which reduce our availability to borrow funds under the facility. At June 30, 2011, an aggregate of $363.5 million in letters of credit were outstanding. The U.S. Department of Education requires us to maintain a letter of credit due to our failure to satisfy certain regulatory financial ratios after giving effect to the Transaction. The amount of the letter of credit, which was $361.5 million at June 30, 2011, is currently set at 15% of the total Title IV aid received by students attending our institutions in fiscal 2010. After giving effect to the outstanding letters of credit and amounts outstanding on the revolving credit facility, the Company had no additional capacity available under the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2011. The borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility will decrease to $328.3 million on June 1, 2012. We are permitted to enter into cash secured letters of credit under our senior credit facility, which we may do in the event that we are unable to obtain sufficient additional capacity under the revolving credit facility.

In June 2010, our Board of Directors approved a $50.0 million stock repurchase program which was increased to $150.0 million in December 2010 and to $250.0 million in March 2011. We have repurchased 13.3 million shares of our common stock for $226.9 million through June 30, 2011. Subsequent to June 30, 2011, the Board of Directors approved an increase in the program to $325.0 million. The repurchase program will contribute to a decrease in our weighted average diluted shares in fiscal 2012 compared to prior years.

 

72


Table of Contents

In November 2009, Education Management Corporation guaranteed the 8.75% senior notes due 2014 (the “Senior Notes”). At June 30, 2011, total indebtedness outstanding under the Senior Notes was $375.0 million. We do not expect the guarantee will adversely affect our liquidity within the next twelve months or restrict our ability to declare dividends or incur additional indebtedness in the future.

In October 2009, we consummated an initial public offering of 23.0 million shares of our common stock for net proceeds of approximately $387.3 million. The proceeds were primarily used to purchase a face value of $316.0 million of the Senior Subordinated Notes in a tender offer for $355.5 million and to pay $29.6 million to terminate a management agreement entered into with the Sponsors in connection with the Transaction.

We may from time to time use cash on hand to retire or purchase our outstanding debt through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.

FFEL/Direct Loan Programs and Private Student Loans

Approximately 90.3% and 3.2% of our net revenues were indirectly derived from Title IV programs under the HEA and private loan programs, respectively, in fiscal 2011 compared to 88.5% and 4.5% from Title IV programs and private loan programs, respectively, in fiscal 2010. Cash receipts from Title IV programs include $664.6 million of stipends, or financing received by students in excess of tuition and fees they paid to our schools. There have been significant recent developments that have impacted these federal aid and private loan programs.

The reliance on private loans by students attending our schools decreased substantially during the last three fiscal years due to the increased availability of federal aid and adverse market conditions for consumer student loans. However, this trend was partially offset by increased extension of credit to our students as well as the introduction of the Education Finance Loan program described below. The extension of credit to our students for periods of up to 36 months beyond graduation will likely result in higher bad debt expense as a percentage of net revenues in future periods.

In August 2008, we introduced the Education Finance Loan program, which enabled students who had exhausted all available government-sponsored or other aid and had been denied a private loan to borrow a portion of their tuition and other educational expenses at our schools not covered by other financial aid sources if they or a co-borrower met certain eligibility and underwriting criteria. Under the program, we purchased loans made by a private lender to students who attended our schools. In April 2011, we sold all loans previously purchased under the Education Finance Loan program and have no future obligations to purchase additional loans from the private lender at June 30, 2011. During fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010, loans to students under the Education Finance Loan program represented approximately 0.5% and 2.6% of our net revenues, respectively.

While we are taking steps to address the private loan needs of our students, the consumer lending market could worsen. The inability of our students to finance their education could cause our student population to decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Conversion to Borrower Based, Non-Term Financial Aid System

During fiscal 2011, we transitioned the fully online programs offered by South University and Argosy University from a term-based financial aid system, under which all students begin programs and are eligible to receive financial aid at periodic start dates pursuant to a calendar-based term system, to a non-term financial aid system, under which each student may begin a program and be eligible to receive financial aid as they successfully progress throughout the year. For students attending fully online programs, we believe a non-term financial aid system provides greater ease and flexibility by providing for rolling and flexible start dates. The non-term system also assists in ensuring that students do not over borrow in the early years of a program, which could result in aggregate loan limits being exceeded prior to graduation. The move to a non-term financial aid system will reduce the amount of stipends (i.e., living expenses) a student is eligible to receive.

Under a non-term financial aid system, Direct Loans and Pell grants are typically provided in two equal disbursements each academic year. The first disbursement is usually received during the first course of a payment period. The student’s second disbursement cannot be received until the student has successfully completed the courses that were previously funded. These factors, together with the timing of when students begin their programs, affect our operating cash flow. In a quarterly term-based Title IV program environment, disbursements are generally based on three academic terms per academic year, and institutions operating on this basis are generally allowed to draw most of a student’s financial aid at the start of a term as long as the student is enrolled at least as a half-time student. The majority of the cash received in a term-based environment is recorded as unrestricted cash and unearned tuition. However, in a non-term environment, Title IV draws are generally based on when a student takes a class, which results in higher restricted cash and advance payment balances than in a term-based environment. In addition, the transition to non-term may result in a reduction in cash flow from operations due to more cash being restricted compared to prior periods.

 

73


Table of Contents

Regulatory Environment and Gainful Employment

In November 2009, the U.S. Department of Education convened two negotiated rulemaking teams primarily related to Title IV program integrity issues. The resulting program integrity rules promulgated in October 2010 and June 2011 address numerous topics. See Part I, Item 1 “Business — Student Financial Assistance — Program Integrity Regulations.”

Contractual obligations

The following table describes our commitments at June 30, 2011 under various contracts and agreements:

 

     Total amounts
committed
     Payments due by fiscal year (in thousands)  
        2012      2013      2014      2015      2016      Thereafter  

Revolving credit facility, due 2012

   $ 20,386       $ 20,386       $ —         $ —         $ —         $ —         $ —     

Revolving credit facility, due 2015

     58,614         58,614         —           —           —           —           —     

Term loan, maturing on June 1, 2013

     350,503         3,764         346,739         —           —           —           —     

Term loan, maturing on June 1, 2016

     752,624         8,085         6,064         14,813         11,850         711,812      

Senior notes, maturing on June 1, 2014

     375,000         —           —           375,000         —           —           —     

Other debt

     723         227         320         176            —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total short-term and long-term debt

     1,557,850         91,076         353,123         389,989         11,850         711,812         —     

Interest payments (1)

     387,611         107,588         100,590         94,612         56,663         28,158         —     

Operating leases, extending through 2025

     1,100,228         160,997         156,620         145,529         126,349         110,273         400,460   

Unconditional purchase obligations

     27,499         26,818         517         164         —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total commitments

   $ 3,073,188       $ 386,479       $ 610,850       $ 630,294       $ 194,862       $ 850,243       $ 400,460   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Interest payments are based on either the fixed rate or the variable rate as of June 30, 2011 and assume that repayments are in accordance with the loan agreements without giving effect to mandatory prepayments.

Contingencies

Refer to Part II – Item 8 – “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies”.

 

74


Table of Contents

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

At June 30, 2011, the Company has provided $15.9 million of surety bonds primarily to state regulatory agencies through four different surety providers. The Company believes that these surety bonds will expire without being funded; therefore, the commitments are not expected to affect the Company’s financial condition.

Indebtedness

As of June 30, 2011, we had $1,557.9 million in aggregate indebtedness outstanding, including $91.1 million due within the next 12 months. This indebtedness was incurred primarily to finance the June 2006 Transaction and related expenses. After giving effect to outstanding letters of credit and amounts drawn on the revolving credit facility, we had no additional availability under our revolving credit facility at June 30, 2011.

Our liquidity requirements are significant and include debt service and capital expenditures, as further described in the sections below. We benefit from investments with attractive returns on capital and favorable working capital balances due to the advanced payment of tuition and fees. We generated cash flows from operations of $399.7 million and $307.1 million in fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010, respectively. Required debt service payments on our significant indebtedness have not negatively impacted our ability to make investments in numerous areas of our business. We invested in marketing and admissions, new and expanded campuses, online education and infrastructure necessary to support future enrollment growth and enhance the student experience. However, approximately $343.9 million and $702.9 million of our term loan facility mature on June 3, 2013 and June 1, 2016, respectively and our 8.75% senior notes with a principal amount of $375.0 million mature on June 1, 2014 (the “Senior Notes”). Our ability to make scheduled payments on our indebtedness, or to refinance our obligations under our debt agreements on acceptable terms, if at all, will depend on our financial and operating performance. Our operating performance is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to the financial and business risk factors described in this Form 10-K, many of which are beyond our control. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay the opening of new schools, acquisitions or capital expenditures, sell assets, seek to obtain additional equity capital or restructure our indebtedness.

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

Overview. In connection with the Transaction, our subsidiary, Education Management LLC, entered into senior secured credit facilities consisting of a $1,185.0 million term loan facility and a $300.0 million revolving credit facility. After several amendments over the past several fiscal years, the revolving credit facility now has a borrowing capacity of $442.5 million and includes borrowing capacity available for letters of credit up to a maximum of $425.0 million. As of June 30, 2011, we had aggregate outstanding borrowings of $1,182.1 million under our senior secured credit facilities, of which $79.0 million was repaid on July 1, 2011.

Interest Rate and Fees. Borrowings under the senior secured credit facilities bear interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin or, at our option, an applicable margin plus an alternative base rate determined by reference to the higher of (x) the prime rate as published in The Wall Street Journal or (y) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%. The margin for borrowings under the credit facilities is as follows:

 

     LIBOR
Borrowing
  Base Rate
Borrowing

Revolving credit facility, due 2012

   1.50%   0.50%

Revolving credit facility, due 2015

   4.00%   3.00%

Senior secured term loan facility, due 2013

   1.75%   0.75%

Senior secured term loan facility, due 2016

   4.00%   3.00%

The margin for borrowings under the revolver due in 2015 or the term loan due in 2016 may be reduced if we attain certain credit rating levels.

In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the senior secured credit facilities, we are required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the revolving credit facility in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder. At June 30, 2011, the commitment fee rate was 0.375% per annum. We must also pay customary letter of credit fees.

We utilize interest rate swap agreements, which are contractual agreements to exchange payments based on underlying interest rates, to manage the variable rate portion of our term debt. On April 7, 2011, we entered into three interest rate swap agreements, effective July 1, 2011, for an aggregate notional amount of $950.0 million. The first swap agreement is for a notional amount of $325.0 million and effectively fixes future interest payments at a rate of 2.935% until the scheduled maturity of the underlying borrowings on June 1, 2013. The other two swap agreements are for notional amounts of $312.5 million each and effectively fix future interest payments at a rate of 6.26% through June 1, 2015.

 

75


Table of Contents

Payments. We are required to pay installments on the loans under the term loan facility in quarterly principal amounts of $3.0 million, which is equal to 0.25% of the initial total funded principal amount calculated as of the closing date. We estimate that the final principal payments on the facility will be $343.9 million on June 3, 2013 and $702.9 million on June 1, 2016, assuming we do not make any prepayments.

We may be required to make additional principal payments based on excess cash flow generated for the preceding fiscal year and our debt covenant ratios, as defined in the senior secured term loan agreement. We have not been required to make such a prepayment since fiscal 2008. We are not required to make an additional payment relating to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011 due to our Consolidated Total Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio, described below, being below 5.0 to 1.0.

Certain Covenants and Events of Default. The credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities contains covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability to:

 

   

incur additional indebtedness;

 

   

make capital expenditures;

 

   

create liens on assets;

 

   

engage in mergers or consolidations;

 

   

sell assets;

 

   

pay dividends and distributions or repurchase the capital stock of Education Management LLC;

 

   

make investments, loans or advances;

 

   

repay subordinated indebtedness;

 

   

make certain acquisitions;

 

   

engage in certain transactions with affiliates;

 

   

enter into certain restrictive agreements;

 

   

amend agreements governing our subordinated indebtedness and our organizational documents;

 

   

change the nature of our business; and

 

   

change the status of Education Management Holdings LLC as a passive holding company.

In addition, the credit agreement governing Education Management LLC’s senior secured credit facilities requires it to maintain a maximum total leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio within specified ranges, discussed further under the caption Covenant Compliance.

The credit agreement governing Education Management LLC’s senior secured credit facilities also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default and has a cross-default provision to debt with a principal amount of greater than $50.0 million, which would cause the term loan to be prepaid or redeemed in the event of a default with respect to such debt.

Senior Notes and Senior Subordinated Notes

In connection with the Transaction, our subsidiaries, Education Management LLC and Education Management Finance Corp., co-issued the Senior Notes and $385.0 million aggregate principal amount of 10.25% senior subordinated notes. The 10.25% senior subordinated notes have since been redeemed in full. The indenture governing the Senior Notes limits our subsidiaries’ ability to:

 

   

incur additional indebtedness;

 

76


Table of Contents
   

pay dividends on or make other distributions or repurchase the capital stock of Education Management LLC or any of its parent companies;

 

   

make certain investments, including capital expenditures;

 

   

enter into certain types of transactions with affiliates;

 

   

use assets as security in other transactions; and

 

   

sell certain assets or merge with or into other companies.

Subject to meeting certain qualifications, the indenture governing the Senior Notes permits us and our restricted subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, including secured indebtedness. The indenture governing the Senior Notes includes a cross-default provision to debt with a principal amount of greater than $50.0 million, which would require the Senior Notes to be prepaid or redeemed in the event of a default with respect to such debt.

Covenant Compliance

Under its senior secured credit facilities, our subsidiary, Education Management LLC, is required to satisfy a maximum total leverage ratio, a minimum interest coverage ratio and other financial conditions tests. As of June 30, 2011, it was in compliance with the financial and non-financial covenants. Its continued ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that it will meet those ratios and tests in the future.

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure used to determine our compliance with certain covenants contained in the indenture governing the Senior Notes and in the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA further adjusted to exclude unusual items and other adjustments permitted in calculating covenant compliance under our senior secured credit facilities and the indenture governing the Senior Notes. We believe that the inclusion of supplementary adjustments to EBITDA applied in presenting Adjusted EBITDA is appropriate to provide additional information to investors to demonstrate compliance with our financing covenants.

The breach of covenants in the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities that are tied to ratios based on Adjusted EBITDA could result in a default under that agreement, in which case the lenders could elect to declare all borrowed amounts immediately due and payable. Any such acceleration also would result in a default under our indenture governing the Senior Notes. Additionally, under the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities and the indenture governing the Senior Notes, our subsidiaries’ ability to engage in activities, such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments and paying dividends or other distributions, is also tied to ratios based on Adjusted EBITDA.

Adjusted EBITDA does not represent net income or cash flows from operations as those terms are defined by GAAP and does not necessarily indicate whether cash flows will be sufficient to fund cash needs. In addition, unlike GAAP measures such as net income and earnings per share, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of our obligations to make interest payments on our other debt service obligations, which have increased substantially as a result of the indebtedness incurred in June 2006 to finance the Transaction and related expenses. While Adjusted EBITDA and similar measures frequently are used as measures of operations and the ability to meet debt service requirements, these terms are not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to the potential inconsistencies in the method of calculation. Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of earnings or charges resulting from matters that we may consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations. In particular, the definition of Adjusted EBITDA in our senior credit facilities and the indenture governing the Senior Notes allows us to add back certain non-cash, extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring charges that are deducted in calculating net income. However, these are expenses that may recur, vary greatly and are difficult to predict. Further, our debt instruments require that Adjusted EBITDA be calculated for the most recent four fiscal quarters. As a result, the measure can be affected disproportionately by a particularly strong or weak quarter. Further, it may not be comparable to the measure for any subsequent 12-month period or any complete fiscal year.

The following is a reconciliation of net income, which is a GAAP measure of operating results, to Adjusted EBITDA for Education Management LLC as defined in its debt agreements. The terms and related calculations are defined in the senior secured credit agreement (in millions).

 

77


Table of Contents
     For the 12 month period
ended June 30, 2011
 

Net income

   $ 229.6   

Interest expense, net

     120.7   

Loss on extinguishment of debt (1)

     11.4   

Provision for income taxes

     139.8   

Depreciation and amortization

     146.5   
  

 

 

 

EBITDA

     648.0   

Reversal of impact of unfavorable leases (2)

     (0.4

Severance and relocation

     6.7   

Capital taxes

     (1.8

Non-cash compensation (3)

     10.8   
  

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA - Covenant Compliance

   $ 663.3   
  

 

 

 

 

(1) We retired the remainder of our Senior Subordinated Notes at a loss of $3.0 million. We also amended our senior secured credit facility, which was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. This resulted in an additional loss of $8.4 million.
(2) Represents non-cash reduction to rent expense due to the amortization on $7.3 million of unfavorable lease liabilities resulting from fair value adjustments required under purchase accounting as part of the Transaction.
(3) Represents non-cash expense for stock options and restricted stock.

Our covenant requirements and actual ratios for the year ended June 30, 2011 are as follows:

 

     Covenant    Actual
     Requirements    Ratios

Senior secured credit facility

     

Adjusted EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense ratio

   Minimum of 2.30x    5.35x

Consolidated Total Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio

   Maximum of 4.50x    1.82x

Regulations

U.S. Department of Education regulations require Title IV program funds received by our schools in excess of the tuition and fees owed by the relevant students at that time to be, with these students’ permission, maintained and classified as restricted funds until they are billed for the portion of their education program related to those funds. Funds transferred through electronic funds transfer programs are held in a separate cash account and released when certain conditions are satisfied. These restrictions have not significantly affected our ability to fund daily operations.

Education institutions participating in Title IV programs must satisfy a series of specific standards of financial responsibility. The U.S. Department of Education has adopted standards to determine an institution’s financial responsibility to participate in Title IV programs. The regulations establish three ratios: (i) the equity ratio, intended to measure an institution’s capital resources, ability to borrow and financial viability; (ii) the primary reserve ratio, intended to measure an institution’s ability to support current operations from expendable resources; and (iii) the net income ratio, intended to measure an institution’s profitability. Each ratio is calculated separately, based on the figures in the institution’s most recent annual audited financial statements, and then weighted and combined to arrive at a single composite score. The composite score must be at least 1.5 for the institution to be deemed financially responsible without conditions or additional oversight. If an institution fails to meet any of these requirements, the U.S. Department of Education may set restrictions on our eligibility to participate in Title IV programs. As of June 30, 2011, we did not meet the required quantitative measures of financial

 

78


Table of Contents

responsibility on a consolidated basis due to our failure to satisfy the financial responsibility standards after the completion of the Transaction resulting from the amount of indebtedness we incurred and goodwill we recorded in connection with the Transaction. Accordingly, we are required by the U.S. Department of Education to post a letter of credit and all of our schools have been provisionally certified to participate in Title IV programs. As a result of being provisionally certified, they are subject to possible summary adverse action if the U.S. Department of Education determines that they are unable to meet their obligations under their respective program participation agreements and are also subject to additional financial and cash monitoring of our disbursements of Title IV funds. The amount of the letter of credit is currently set at 15% of the Title IV program funds received by students at our schools during fiscal 2010, or $361.5 million. Outstanding letters of credit reduce the availability under our revolving credit facility. When our revolving credit facility capacity decreases to $328.3 million on June 1, 2012 and in future periods, we may not have sufficient letter of credit capacity under the revolving credit facility to satisfy the letter of credit requirement for the U.S. Department of Education. We are permitted to enter into cash secured letters of credit under our senior credit facility, which we may to do if we are unable to obtain sufficient additional capacity under the revolving credit facility.

Under a provision of the HEA commonly referred to as the “90/10 Rule”, an institution will cease to be eligible to participate in Title IV programs if, on a cash accounting basis, more than 90% of its revenues for each of two consecutive fiscal years were derived from Title IV programs. If an institution loses its Title IV eligibility under the 90/10 Rule, it may not reapply for eligibility until the end of two fiscal years. Institutions which fail to satisfy the 90/10 Rule for one fiscal year are placed on provisional certification. For our schools that disbursed federal financial aid during fiscal 2011, the percentage of revenues derived from Title IV programs ranged from approximately 88% to 57%, with a weighted average of approximately 78% as compared to a weighted average of approximately 77% in fiscal 2010. The revised rules included in the 2008 HEA reauthorization include relief through June 30, 2011 from a $2,000 increase in the annual Stafford loan availability for undergraduate students which became effective July 1, 2008. We anticipate that our 90/10 rate will increase substantially in fiscal 2012 in the event that relief from this additional $2,000 is not extended beyond June 30, 2011, which would adversely affect our ability to comply with the 90/10 Rule. While our consolidated 90/10 rate for fiscal 2012 is projected to remain under the 90% threshold, we project that some of our institutions will not comply with the 90/10 Rule in fiscal 2012 if the relief provided in the most recent HEA reauthorization is not extended. Continued decreases in the availability of state grants, together with the inability of households to pay cash due to the current economic climate and decreased availability of private loans, also have adversely impacted our ability to comply with the 90/10 Rule because state grants generally are considered cash payments for purposes of the 90/10 Rule. During fiscal 2011, students attending our schools received approximately $129 million of financial aid from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Defense. Some members of Congress have proposed substantially decreasing the amount of education benefits available to veterans and the budget for the U.S. Department of Defense in connection with the current federal budget issues. A material decrease to the funding of military education benefit programs would have a materially adverse effect on our ability to comply with the 90/10 Rule. If any of our institutions violates the 90/10 Rule, its ineligibility to participate in Title IV programs for at least two years would have a material adverse effect on our enrollments, revenues and results of operations.

Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies

General

In preparing our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, judgments and estimates are made about the amounts reflected in the consolidated financial statements that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net revenues and expenses during the reporting period. As part of the financial reporting process, our management collaborates to determine the necessary information on which to base judgments and develop estimates used to prepare the consolidated financial statements. Historical experience and available information are used to make these judgments and estimates. However, different amounts could be reported using different assumptions and in light of changes in facts and circumstances. Therefore, actual amounts could differ from the estimates reflected in the consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

We believe that the following critical accounting policies comprise the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition and Receivables

We bill tuition and housing revenues at the beginning of an academic term and recognize the revenue on a pro rata basis over the term of instruction or occupancy. Some of our academic terms have starting and ending dates that differ from our fiscal quarters. Therefore, at the end of each fiscal quarter, we may have tuition from these academic terms on which the associated revenue has not yet been earned. Accordingly, this unearned revenue has been recorded as unearned tuition in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Advance payments represent that portion of payments received but not applied to students’ accounts and are also recorded as a current liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. These payments are typically related to future academic periods and generally are refundable.

 

79


Table of Contents

If a student withdraws from one of our schools, a student’s obligation for tuition and fees is limited depending on when a student withdraws during an academic term. Student refunds are regulated by the standards of the U.S. Department of Education, most state education authorities that regulate our schools, the accrediting commissions that accredit our schools and institutional policies (collectively, “Refund Policies”). Refund Policies vary by state, and the limitations imposed by the Refund Policies are generally based on the portion of the academic term that has elapsed at the time the student withdraws. The greater the portion of the academic term that has elapsed at the time the student withdraws, the greater the student’s obligation is to the school for the tuition and fees related to that academic term. We record revenue net of any refunds that result from any applicable Refund Policy.

Student receivable balances consist of amounts related to net revenues from current or former students for academic terms that have been completed or are currently in session, prior periods of occupancy in our housing facilities for which payment has not been received or obligations of current students for tuition, housing or other items related to academic terms in progress for which payment has not been received. The balances are comprised of individually insignificant amounts due from students who primarily reside in the United States and Canada.

We record student receivables at cost less an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts. We determine the allowance for doubtful accounts by categorizing gross receivables based upon the enrollment status of the student. The reserve is established based on the likelihood of collection considering our historical experience, which is updated several times per year. The reserve methodology results in a higher reserve rate for out-of-school students compared to in-school students. Student accounts are monitored through an aging process whereby past due accounts are pursued. When certain criteria are met, which is generally when receivables age past the due date by more than four months, and internal collection measures have been taken without success, the accounts of former students are placed with an outside collection agency. Student accounts that are in collection are reserved for at a high rate and are written off after repeated collection attempts have been unsuccessful. A one percentage point change in our allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of gross receivables at June 30, 2011 and 2010 would have resulted in a change in net income of $2.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.

Impairment of Property, Equipment and Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

We record impairment losses on property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets when events and circumstances indicate the assets are impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their carrying amounts. Events and circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include changes in the regulatory environment, deteriorating economic conditions or poor operating performance at individual locations or groups of locations. Any resulting impairment loss would be measured by comparing the fair value of the assets to their carrying amounts using a traditional discounted cash flow model, and the loss would be recorded as an operating expense in the consolidated statement of operations in the period in which carrying value exceeds fair value. We did not record any impairments of property, equipment or intangible assets in fiscal 2011 or 2010.

Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

We evaluate our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually, using April 1 as our measurement date. We utilize a two-step method for determining goodwill impairment. In the first step, we determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare that fair value to each unit’s carrying value. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units using a combination of the traditional discounted cash flow approach, the guideline public company method, which takes into account the relative price and associated earnings multiples of publicly-traded peer companies, and the market capitalization approach. If the results of this first step indicate the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its fair value, the second step must be performed, which requires that we determine the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if we had acquired those reporting units as of the testing date. Under the second step, an impairment is recognized if the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill is greater than its implied fair value. If an impairment charge was required to be recorded, it would be presented as an operating expense in the period in which the goodwill’s carrying value exceeds its new implied fair value.

 

80


Table of Contents

As of our last annual test, which was performed as of April 1, 2011, each of our reporting units had an estimated fair value that exceeded its carrying value under the first step analysis. In addition, although we perform our full impairment test only once annually, throughout the fiscal year we evaluate forecasts, our market capitalization, business plans, regulatory and legal matters and other activities necessary to identify triggering events. There were no triggering events in the interim periods between our 2010 and 2011 impairment tests or between the April 1, 2011 measurement date and June 30, 2011. As a result, we have not recorded any goodwill impairments from the date of the Transaction through June 30, 2011.

The following table illustrates the amount of goodwill allocated to each reporting unit as well as the deficit, if any, created between the fair value and the carrying value of each reporting unit that would occur given hypothetical reductions in their respective fair values at April 1, 2011:

 

            Step One Analysis:  
            Deficit Caused By Hypothetical Reductions to Fair Value  
            (in millions)  
     Goodwill      5%      15%     25%     35%  

The Art Institutes

   $ 1,982       $ —         $ —        $ (190   $ (439

Argosy University

     219         —           —          —          —     

Brown Mackie Colleges

     255         —           (33     (79     (125

South University

     123         —           —          (3     (31
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 2,579       $ —         $ (33   $ (272   $ (595
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The valuations of our reporting units require use of internal business plans that are based on judgments and estimates regarding future economic conditions, demand and pricing for our educational services, costs, inflation rates and discount rates, among other factors. These judgments and estimates involve inherent uncertainties. The measurement of the fair values of the reporting units are dependent on the accuracy of the assumptions used and how these estimates compare to our future operating performance. Details of the key assumptions used in our impairment evaluation include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

   

Discount rate — The discount rate is based on each reporting unit’s estimated weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The cost of equity, cost of debt and capital structure are the three components of the WACC, each of which requires judgment by management to estimate. The cost of equity was developed using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) which is comprised of a risk free rate, beta derived from comparable company betas, and an equity risk premium combined with other company-specific adjustments based on perceived risks and predictability of each reporting unit’s future cash flows. The supply side equity risk premium, which utilizes the Morningstar 2010 Ibbotson® SBBI Valuation Workbook, is calculated by subtracting the three-year average price-to-earnings ratio from the historical equity risk premium (large company stock total returns minus long-term government bond income returns). The cost of debt component represents a market participant’s estimated cost of borrowing, which we estimated using the average return on corporate bonds as of the valuation date, adjusted for taxes.

Our total company WACC has continued to increase over the past few years due to macroeconomic factors as well as uncertainties related to regulation of our industry. The blended WACC of all reporting units has steadily risen from 12.0% at April 1, 2008 to 13.6% at April 1, 2011 in order to address these factors. Any difference in WACC used between reporting units was primarily due to the impact of the relative maturity of each unit on the predictability of its future cash flows. Sensitivity analyses performed in connection with our annual 2011 impairment test indicated that an increase in the discount rate of 1.0% at each of our reporting units would not have resulted in the carrying values of any reporting unit exceeding its estimated fair value.

 

   

Future cash flow assumptions — Our projections are based on organic growth and are derived from historical experience and assumptions on how growth and profitability will trend into the future. These projections also take into account the continuing growing demand for post-secondary education and the growth opportunities that exist in our markets. Our assumed period of cash flows was ten years with a terminal value determined using the Gordon Growth Model.

The impairment test for indefinite-lived intangible assets requires an annual determination of fair value using the same approach used for the valuation as of the acquisition date. If the fair value falls below its carrying value, an impairment would be recorded in the period in which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

 

81


Table of Contents

Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of the trade names associated with The Art Institute schools, and licensing, accreditation and Title IV program participation assets for all of our education systems. The total carrying value of these assets at April 1, 2011 was as follows:

 

   

$330.0 million related to The Art Institutes tradename; and

 

   

$112.2 million related to our licensing, accreditation and Title IV program participation assets.

As of the date of our annual impairment test, we revalued The Art Institutes tradename using the Relief from Royalty method, the same approach used to value this asset as of the Transaction date. The Relief from Royalty method focuses on the level of royalty payments that the user of an intangible asset would have to pay a third party for the use of the asset if it were not owned by the user. Using a royalty rate of 2.5% and a discount rate of 12.0%, the resulting analysis demonstrated that the tradename had an estimated fair value that exceeded its carrying value by 25%. Further, if we used a royalty rate that was 0.5% lower or a discount rate that was 0.5% higher, we still would not have recorded an impairment.

We also revalued the licensing, accreditation and Title IV program participation assets at the impairment testing date using the same approaches used to value these assets as of the date of the Transaction. These assets were valued by a combination of the cost and income approaches. Costs to replace licenses and accreditations have not changed significantly since the date of the Transaction or since the impairment testing date. Numerous factors are considered in order to estimate the Title IV portion of the asset, including the estimated amount of time it would take for an institution to qualify for Title IV funds as a new operation, the number of students currently receiving federal financial aid, the amount schools would have to lend students during the estimated time it would take to qualify for Title IV funds and the present value of projected cash flows. The fair values of the licensing, accreditation and Title IV program participation asset at each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by at least 30% at June 30, 2011.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities result from (i) temporary differences in the recognition of income and expense for financial and income tax reporting requirements, and (ii) differences between the recorded value of assets acquired in business combinations accounted for as purchases for financial reporting purposes and their corresponding tax bases. Deferred income tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred income tax asset will not be realized. We evaluate all available evidence, both positive and negative, on a quarterly basis to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. Future realization of the tax benefit from an existing deferred tax asset ultimately depends upon the existence of sufficient taxable income within the carry back or carry forward period available under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction. At June 30, 2011 and 2010, we had gross deferred tax assets of $152.4 and $154.1 million respectively, and valuation allowances against those gross deferred tax assets of $21.7 and $22.7 million, respectively. We reevaluate the realizability of these deferred tax assets quarterly and will adjust the valuation allowances based upon available evidence as required. Any future change in our assessment of the realizability of these deferred tax assets could affect our effective income tax rate, net income and net deferred tax assets in the period in which our assessment changes.

We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is at least more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The amount of the tax benefit so recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is more-likely-than-not to be realized upon effective settlement. We classify interest and penalties accrued in connection with unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense in our consolidated statement of operations.

Stock-based compensation

In August 2006, our Board of Directors approved the 2006 Stock Option Plan (the “2006 Plan”) for executive management and key personnel. Under the 2006 Plan, certain of our employees were granted a combination of time-based and performance-based options to purchase our common stock. In April 2009, our Board of Directors adopted the Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”), which became effective upon the completion of the initial public offering. The Omnibus Plan may issue stock options, stock-option appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other forms of long-term incentive compensation.

 

82


Table of Contents

At June 30, 2011, there were approximately 10.7 million options outstanding under both of these plans. Our unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding time-based options was $21.7 million and to outstanding performance-based options was $30.2 million at June 30, 2011. A 10% increase in the fair values of our time-based options would have increased stock-based compensation expense by $1.1 million in fiscal 2011. We have yet to recognize compensation expense on our performance-based options because the performance conditions are not probable of being met at June 30, 2011.

We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of both our time-based and performance-based stock options at the grant date. See Note 12 to the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements for a further discussion on share-based compensation.

After the initial public offering of our common stock in October 2009, our Board of Directors establishes the exercise price for each option grant based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. Prior to October 2009, and as a result of EDMC not being publicly traded during the period covered by the 2006 Plan, the Board of Directors was required to estimate the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. These estimates were based on established valuation methodologies in order to estimate the business enterprise value of EDMC, including using the market and income approaches as well as using contemporaneous private transactions involving our common stock at dates surrounding the options’ grant dates.

 

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of business that include fluctuations in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar. Due to the size of our Canadian operations relative to our total business, we do not believe we are subject to material risks from reasonably possible near-term changes in exchange rates and do not utilize forward or option contracts on foreign currencies.

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, borrowings under our revolving credit facility, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

At June 30, 2011, we had total debt obligations of $1,557.9 million, including $1,182.1 million of variable rate debt under the senior secured credit facility, at a weighted average interest rate of 7.1%. After giving effect to three interest rate swaps we entered into in April 2011 for an aggregate notional amount of $950.0 million, only $232.1 million of our variable rate debt is subject to market rate risk. All swap agreements were effective July 1, 2011 and qualify as cash flow hedges. The first swap agreement is for a notional amount of $325.0 million and effectively fixes future interest payments at a rate of 2.935% until the scheduled maturity of the underlying borrowings on June 1, 2013. The other two swap agreements are for notional amounts of $312.5 million each and effectively fix future interest payments at a rate of 6.26% through June 1, 2015. These derivative financial instruments are carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet, which is based on the framework discussed in Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. A hypothetical change of 1.25% in interest rates from June 30, 2011 levels would have increased or decreased interest expense by approximately $4.4 million for the variable rate debt, after giving effect to the interest rate swaps, in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011.

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011, we recorded a net change in interest rate swaps of $8.9 million, net of tax, in other comprehensive loss consisting of a $23.8 million reclassification into earnings partially offset by a reduction of $14.9 million due to a periodic revaluation. The cumulative unrealized loss of $12.5 million, net of tax, at June 30, 2011 that related to the swaps may be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations if these instruments fail to meet certain cash flow hedge requirements, which include a change in certain terms of the senior secured credit facilities or the extinguishment or termination of the senior secured credit facilities or swap agreements prior to maturity.

 

83


Table of Contents
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

    85   

Consolidated Balance Sheets

    87   

Consolidated Statements of Operations

    88   

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and Supplemental Cash Flow Information

    89   

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

    91   

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

    92   

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

    120   

Supplemental Quarterly Information

    121   

 

84


Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Education Management Corporation and Subsidiaries

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Education Management Corporation and Subsidiaries as of June 30, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2011. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Education Management Corporation and Subsidiaries at June 30, 2011 and 2010, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2011, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth herein.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Education Management Corporation and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated August 30, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
August 30, 2011

 

85


Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Education Management Corporation and Subsidiaries

We have audited Education Management Corporation and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Education Management Corporation and Subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Education Management Corporation and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2011, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Education Management Corporation and Subsidiaries as of June 30, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2011 of Education Management Corporation and Subsidiaries and our report dated August 30, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

August 30, 2011

 

86


Table of Contents

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands)

 

     June 30, 2011     June 30, 2010  

Assets

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 403,224      $ 373,546   

Restricted cash

     47,513        12,842   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

     450,737        386,388   

Student receivables, net of allowances of $187,102 and $124,242

     157,793        167,857   

Notes, advances and other receivables

     15,164        20,680   

Inventories

     9,594        11,655   

Deferred income taxes

     76,804        65,410   

Prepaid income taxes

     13,277        —     

Other current assets

     46,166        40,971   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     769,535        692,961   

Property and equipment, net (Note 4)

     697,377        678,846   

Other long-term assets (Note 6)

     46,613        93,441   

Intangible assets, net (Note 5)

     462,387        467,188   

Goodwill (Note 5)

     2,579,131        2,579,131   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 4,555,043      $ 4,511,567   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

    

Current liabilities:

    

Current portion of long-term debt (Note 8)

   $ 12,076      $ 12,103   

Revolving credit facility

     79,000        —     

Accounts payable

     58,494        71,211   

Accrued liabilities (Note 7)

     135,126        178,085   

Accrued income taxes

     —          17,851   

Unearned tuition

     140,150        155,746   

Advance payments

     112,095        72,154   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     536,941        507,150   

Long-term debt, less current portion (Note 8)

     1,466,774        1,526,635   

Deferred income taxes

     222,684        180,934   

Deferred rent

     188,803        165,808   

Other long-term liabilities

     35,897        54,345   

Shareholders’ equity:

    

Common stock, at par

     1,431        1,429   

Additional paid-in capital

     1,761,848        1,749,456   

Treasury stock

     (226,926     (2,207

Retained earnings

     579,781        350,273   

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

     (12,190     (22,256
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

     2,103,944        2,076,695   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 4,555,043      $ 4,511,567   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

87


Table of Contents

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 

     For the Fiscal Year
Ended June 30,
 
     2011      2010      2009  

Net revenues

   $ 2,887,629       $ 2,508,521       $ 2,011,458   

Costs and expenses:

        

Educational services

     1,480,776         1,267,106         1,067,724   

General and administrative

     759,099         667,191         507,675   

Management fees paid to affiliates

     —           32,055         5,000   

Depreciation and amortization

     146,480         123,359         112,289   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

     2,386,355         2,089,711         1,692,688   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before interest, loss on extinguishment of debt and income taxes

     501,274         418,810         318,770   

Interest expense, net

     120,694         121,456         153,244   

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     11,368         47,207         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     369,212         250,147         165,526   

Provision for income taxes

     139,704         81,641         61,121   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 229,508       $ 168,506       $ 104,405   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Earnings per share: (Note 3)

        

Basic

   $ 1.67       $ 1.23       $ 0.87   

Diluted

     1.66         1.22         0.87   

Weighted average number of shares outstanding: (Note 3)

        

Basic

     137,376         136,917         119,770   

Diluted

     138,316         137,667         119,770   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

88


Table of Contents

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

 

     For the Fiscal Year
Ended June 30,
 
     2011     2010     2009  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Net income

   $ 229,508      $ 168,506      $ 104,405   

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:

      

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment

     138,395        114,598        95,582   

Amortization of intangible assets

     8,085        8,761        16,707   

Bad debt expense

     134,587        105,593        72,493   

Fair value adjustment to Education Finance Loan (“EFL”) program loans

     21,465        —          —     

Amortization of debt issuance costs

     6,512        8,129        7,763   

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     11,368        47,207        —     

Share-based compensation

     11,070        21,670        —     

Non cash adjustments related to deferred rent

     (3,843     2,258        (1,958

Deferred income taxes

     24,047        (35,859     (8,179

Changes in assets and liabilities:

      

Restricted cash

     (34,671     (2,470     3,450   

Receivables

     (115,464     (144,318     (105,077

Reimbursements for tenant improvements

     23,107        14,416        22,382   

Inventory

     2,080        (2,292     (899

Other assets

     (31,095     (10,318     (12,091

Purchase of EFL program loans

     (23,888     (74,021     (9,998

Sale of EFL program loans

     42,806        —          —     

Accounts payable

     (4,711     14,137        (5,137

Accrued liabilities

     (63,645     29,254        57,628   

Unearned tuition

     (15,596     37,005        49,587   

Advance payments

     39,616        4,859        6,740   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total adjustments

     170,225        138,609        188,993   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows provided by operating activities

     399,733        307,115        293,398   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Expenditures for long-lived assets

     (138,105     (175,782     (150,713

Reimbursements for tenant improvements

     (23,107     (14,416     (22,382
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows used in investing activities

     (161,212     (190,198     (173,095
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Borrowings under revolving credit facility

     79,000        —          180,000   

Payments under revolving credit facility

     —          (100,000     (200,000

Retirement of senior subordinated notes

     (50,124     (378,952     —     

Issuance of common stock

     1,460        389,441        —     

Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation

     449        260        —     

Common stock repurchased for treasury

     (222,325     (2,207     —     

Principal payments on long-term debt

     (12,208     (12,584     (12,802

Debt issuance costs

     (5,411     (2,400     (873
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows used in financing activities

     (209,159     (106,442     (33,675
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     316        (247     (718
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

     29,678        10,228        85,910   

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

     373,546        363,318        277,408   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

   $ 403,224      $ 373,546      $ 363,318   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

89


Table of Contents

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION

(In thousands)

 

     For the Fiscal Year
Ended June 30,
 
     2011      2010      2009  

Cash paid during the period for:

        

Interest (including swap settlement)

   $ 118,557       $ 116,939       $ 146,636   

Income taxes, net of refunds

     151,025         120,120         76,173   
     As of June 30,  
     2011      2010      2009  

Noncash investing activities:

        

Capital expenditures in current liabilities

   $ 14,360       $ 27,682       $ 22,192   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

90


Table of Contents

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

     Common
Stock at
Par Value (b)
     Additional
Paid-in
Capital
     Treasury
Stock (b)
    Retained
Earnings
     Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
    Total  
     (In thousands)  

Balance at June 30, 2008

   $ 1,198       $ 1,338,302       $ —        $ 77,362       $ (24,685   $ 1,392,177   

Issuance of common stock

     —           14           —           —          14   

Comprehensive income:

                  —     

Net income

     —           —           —          104,405         —          104,405   

Foreign currency translation

     —           —           —          —           (1,147     (1,147

Reclassification into earnings on interest rate swaps, net of tax of $8,477

     —           —           —          —           14,422        14,422   

Periodic revaluation of interest rate swaps, net of tax of $14,186

     —           —           —          —           (24,218     (24,218
             

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change in interest rate swaps

     —           —           —          —           (9,796     (9,796
               

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

     —           —           —          —           —          93,462   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2009

   $ 1,198       $ 1,338,316       $ —        $ 181,767       $ (35,628   $ 1,485,653   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Initial public offerring and exercise of stock options, including corresponding tax benefit

     231         389,470         —          —           —          389,701   

Share-based compensation

     —           21,670         —          —           —          21,670   

Common stock repurchased for treasury

     —           —           (2,207     —           —          (2,207

Comprehensive income:

               

Net income

     —           —           —          168,506         —          168,506   

Foreign currency translation

     —           —           —          —           458        458   

Reclassification into earnings on interest rate swaps, net of tax of $14,005

     —           —           —          —           23,795        23,795   

Periodic revaluation of interest rate swaps, net of tax of $6,430

     —           —           —          —           (10,881     (10,881
             

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change in interest rate swaps

     —           —           —          —           12,914        12,914   
               

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

     —           —           —          —           —          181,878   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2010

   $ 1,429       $ 1,749,456       $ (2,207   $ 350,273       $ (22,256 )(a)    $ 2,076,695   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Exercise of stock options including corresponding tax benefit

     2         1,322         —          —           —          1,324   

Share-based compensation

     —           11,070         —          —           —          11,070   

Common stock repurchased for treasury

     —           —           (224,719     —           —          (224,719

Comprehensive income:

               

Net income

     —           —           —          229,508         —          229,508   

Foreign currency translation

     —           —           —          —           1,165        1,165   

Reclassification into earnings on interest rate swaps, net of tax of $13,994

     —           —           —          —           23,802        23,802   

Periodic revaluation of interest rate swaps, net of tax of $8,771

     —           —           —          —           (14,901     (14,901
             

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change in interest rate swaps

     —           —           —          —           8,901        8,901   
               

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

     —           —           —          —           —          239,574   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2011

   $ 1,431       $ 1,761,848       $ (226,926   $ 579,781       $ (12,190 )(a)    $ 2,103,944   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) The balance in accumulated other comprehensive loss at June 30, 2011 and 2010 was comprised of $12.5 million and $21.4 million of cumulative unrealized losses on interest rate swaps, net of tax, respectively and $0.3 million and $(0.9) million of a cumulative foreign currency translation gain/(loss), respectively.
(b) There were 600,000,000 authorized shares of par value $0.01 common stock at June 30, 2011 and 2010. Common stock outstanding and treasury stock balances and activity were as follows for the periods indicated.

 

     Treasury      Outstanding  

Balance at June 30, 2008

     —           119,769,082   

Issued for stock-based compensation plans

     —           1,195   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2009

     —           119,770,277   

Repurchased for treasury

     123,000         (123,000

Public offering

     —           23,000,000   

Issued for stock-based compensation plans

     —           205,141   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2010

     123,000         142,852,418   

Repurchased

     13,210,972         (13,210,972

Issued for stock-based compensation plans

     —           170,303   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2011

     13,333,972         129,811,749   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

91


Table of Contents

 

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND CHANGE IN OWNERSHIP

Description of Business

Education Management Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) is among the largest providers of post-secondary education in North America, with approximately 158,300 enrolled students as of October 2010. The Company offers campus-based education through four different education systems (The Art Institutes, Argosy University, Brown Mackie Colleges and South University) and through online platforms at three of the four education systems, or through a combination of both. The Company is committed to offering quality academic programs and continuously strives to improve the learning experience for its students. The curriculum is designed with a distinct emphasis on applied career-oriented content and is primarily taught by faculty members that possess practical and relevant professional experience in their respective fields.

Going Private Transaction

On June 1, 2006, the Company was acquired by a consortium of private equity investment funds led by Providence Equity Partners, Goldman Sachs Capital Partners and Leeds Equity Partners (collectively, the “Sponsors”). The Sponsors, together with certain other investors, became the owners of the Company (the “Transaction”).

The acquisition of the Company was financed by equity invested by the Sponsors and other investors, cash on hand, borrowings under a new senior secured credit facility by wholly-owned subsidiary Education Management LLC (“EM LLC”) and the issuance by EM LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of EM LLC) of $375.0 million of 8.75% senior notes due 2014 and $385.0 million of 10.25% senior subordinated notes due 2016 (“Senior Subordinated Notes”).

Initial public offering

In October 2009, the Company completed an initial public offering of 23.0 million shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, at a per share price of $18.00 (the “initial public offering”). Net proceeds to the Company, after transaction costs, totaled approximately $387.3 million. No Sponsor-owned shares were sold in connection with the initial public offering. After the consummation of the initial public offering, the equity funds controlled by the Sponsors owned approximately 69.2% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Of the net proceeds from the initial public offering, $355.5 million was used to purchase $316.0 million of the Company’s Senior Subordinated Notes in a tender offer and $29.6 million was used to terminate a management agreement entered into with the Sponsors in connection with the Transaction.

The Company recognized several non-recurring expenses in the consolidated statement of operations as a direct result of the initial public offering, including a $44.8 million loss on extinguishment of debt, $15.2 million of previously unrecognized stock-based compensation costs due to the removal of certain conditions that existed related to the option holders’ inability to obtain fair value for stock options, and $29.6 million in advisory fees for the early termination of the management agreement with the Sponsors. In addition, the availability for borrowing under EM LLC’s revolving credit facility increased from $388.5 million to $442.5 million effective upon the closing of the initial public offering.

In connection with the initial public offering, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a 4.4737 for one split of the Company’s common stock, which was paid in the form of a stock dividend on September 30, 2009. In connection with this stock split, the Company amended and restated its articles of incorporation to, among other things, increase the Company’s number of authorized shares of common stock. All information presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes has been adjusted to reflect the Company’s amended and restated articles of incorporation and stock split.

Government Regulations

Each of the Company’s schools located in the United States is recognized by accreditation agencies and by the U.S. Department of Education, enabling students to access federal student loans, grants and other forms of public and private financial aid. Participating institutions are required to administer Title IV program funds in accordance with the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (“HEA”) and U.S. Department of Education regulations and must use diligence in approving and disbursing funds and servicing loans. In the event a participating institution does not comply with federal requirements or if student loan default rates are at a level that exceeds certain thresholds set by statute and regulation, that institution could lose its eligibility to participate in Title IV programs or could be required to repay funds determined to have been improperly disbursed. Most of the students that attend the Company’s institutions participate in federal and state financial aid and assistance programs, as the percentage of net revenues derived from Title IV programs on a cash accounting basis was a weighted average of approximately 78% and 77% in fiscal 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

92


Table of Contents

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of fiscal 2010 and 2009 data have been made to conform to the fiscal 2011 presentation. These reclassifications did not materially change any of the previously reported amounts.

 

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated. Unless otherwise specified, any reference to a “year” is to a fiscal year ended June 30.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form a basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management believes that its estimates are reasonable.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. These investments are stated at cost, which, based upon the scheduled maturities, approximates fair value.

The Company’s institutions hold funds from the United States government under various student aid grant and loan programs in separate bank accounts, and serve as trustee for the U.S. Department of Education or respective lender, guaranty agency or student borrower, as applicable. The funds held in these bank accounts are not shown as cash or restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheet until the authorization and disbursement process has occurred. Once the authorization and disbursement process to the student has been completed, the funds are transferred to unrestricted accounts and become available for use in current operations. This transfer generally occurs for the period of the academic term for which such funds were authorized with no term being more than 16 weeks in length.

U.S. Department of Education regulations require Title IV program funds received by the Company’s educational institutions in excess of the charges applied to the relevant students at that time to be, with these students’ permission, maintained and classified as restricted. In addition, some states have similar requirements. During fiscal 2011, the Company began transitioning certain students from a term-based financial aid system, under which all students begin programs and are eligible to receive financial aid at periodic start dates pursuant to a calendar-based term system, to a non-term financial aid system, under which each student may begin a program and be eligible to receive financial aid at any time throughout the year. The non-term based structure provides greater ease and flexibility for students by providing rolling and flexible start dates. In addition to assisting to ensure a student does not over borrow in the early years of a program, which could result in aggregate loan limits being exceeded prior to graduation, this approach also results in the Company receiving more federal funds in advance of a student’s class start. Such funds received for courses that have not yet begun are required to be recorded as restricted cash due to legal restrictions on the use of the funds and as advance payments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Restricted cash also includes amounts related to an account required to be maintained in connection with an operating lease at one of the Company’s institutions and amounts for endowments required by state law at certain of the Company’s schools. Restricted cash consisted of the following at June 30 (in thousands):

 

     2011      2010  

Title IV funds in excess of charges applied

   $ 43,330       $ 7,946   

Escrowed in connection with operating lease

     2,183         2,896   

Endowments

     2,000         2,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Restricted cash

   $ 47,513       $ 12,842   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

93


Table of Contents

Student Receivables

The Company records student receivables at cost less an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts by categorizing gross receivables based upon the enrollment status of the student. The reserve is established based on the likelihood of collection considering the Company’s historical experience, which is updated on a frequent basis. The reserve methodology results in a higher reserve rate for out-of-school students compared to in-school students. Student accounts are monitored through an aging process whereby past due accounts are pursued. When certain criteria are met, which is generally when receivables age past the due date by more than four months, and internal collection measures have been taken without success, the accounts of former students are placed with an outside collection agency. Student accounts that are in collection are reserved for at a high rate and are written off after repeated collection attempts have been unsuccessful.

Inventories

Inventories consist mainly of textbooks and supplies held for sale to students enrolled in the Company’s educational programs. Cost is determined using the average cost method and inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at its cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation policies for such assets are as follows:

 

   

Buildings are depreciated over an estimated useful life of 30 years using the straight-line method.

 

   

Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the original lease term, exclusive of any renewal periods, or their estimated useful lives, which is generally 7 to 15 years.

 

   

The remainder of the Company’s property and equipment is depreciated over estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 10 years using the straight-line method, depending on the asset.

Accelerated depreciation methods are generally used for income tax purposes. The Company evaluates the recoverability of property and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable.

Leases

The Company leases certain classroom, dormitory and office space as well as equipment and automobiles under operating leases. Before entering into a lease, an analysis is performed to determine whether a lease should be classified as a capital lease or an operating lease.

Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include tenant improvement allowances. Once the lease agreement is signed, these tenant improvement allowances are recorded as other current assets with the offset to deferred rent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. As spending occurs, the Company records increases to leasehold improvement assets in property and equipment. Other current assets are reduced once the landlord reimburses the Company. The deferred rent liabilities related to tenant improvements are amortized over the term of the lease as a reduction to rent expense upon possession of the lease space.

 

94


Table of Contents

Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include rent escalation clauses, which if fixed and determinable, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease, which generally range from five to fifteen years with one or more renewal options. For leases with renewal options, the Company records rent expense and amortizes the leasehold improvements on a straight-line basis over the original lease term, exclusive of the renewal period. When a renewal occurs, the Company records rent expense over the new lease term.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill consists of the cost in excess of fair value of the identifiable net assets of entities acquired in purchase business combinations. Intangible assets include student relationships, licenses, accreditation and Title IV program participation, tradenames, curriculum, programs and favorable leases. The Company uses the income approach to establish student relationship asset fair values. Tradenames are valued by the “relief from royalty” method, estimating the amount of royalty income that would be generated if the assets were licensed in an arms length transaction to a third party. The Company uses a combination of the cost and income approaches to establish the asset value of licenses, accreditation and Title IV program participation assets and the cost approach for education programs and curriculum. The cost of intangible assets with determinable useful lives is amortized over three to nine years. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles are evaluated annually on April 1 for impairment and on an interim basis if events or changes in circumstances between annual tests indicate that the asset might be impaired.

Goodwill is impaired when the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, as determined under a two-step approach. In the first step, the Company determines the fair value of each reporting unit and compares that fair value to each reporting unit’s carrying value. The Company estimates the fair value of its reporting units using a combination of the traditional discounted cash flow approach, the guideline public company method, which takes into account the relative price and associated earnings multiples of publicly-traded peer companies, and the market capitalization approach. If the results of the first step indicate the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its fair value, a second step must be performed, which requires the Company to determine the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if it had acquired the reporting unit in an arm’s length transaction as of the testing date. This is performed by deducting the estimated fair value of all tangible and identifiable intangible net assets of the reporting unit from the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. If the recorded amount of goodwill exceeds this implied fair value, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess. Components are combined when determining reporting units if they have similar economic characteristics; consequently, each education system that the Company operates is a reporting unit for purposes of the impairment tests.

The impairment test for indefinite-lived intangible assets, consisting of the licensing, accreditation and Title IV program participation assets and The Art Institute tradename, requires at least an annual determination of the fair value. If the fair value of the intangible asset is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized for an amount equal to the difference. The intangible asset is then carried at its new fair value.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities result from (i) temporary differences in the recognition of income and expense for financial and income tax reporting requirements, and (ii) differences between the recorded value of assets acquired in business combinations accounted for as purchases for financial reporting purposes and their corresponding tax bases. Deferred income tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred income tax asset will not be realized.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is at least more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The amount of the tax benefit so recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is more-likely-than-not to be realized upon effective settlement. The Company classifies interest and penalties accrued in connection with unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense in its consolidated statement of operations.

Derivative Financial Instruments

EM LLC utilizes interest rate swap agreements, which are contractual agreements to exchange payments based on underlying interest rates, to manage a portion of its floating rate term debt. The swaps are accounted for as an asset or a liability in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The interest rate swap agreements qualify and are designated as cash flow hedges. As such, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit or expense, as the hedges are deemed highly effective for accounting purposes. The fair value of the swap agreements are estimated by the counterparty based on current settlement prices and quoted market prices of comparable contracts. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

 

95


Table of Contents

Foreign Currency Translation

The financial position and results of operations of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are initially measured at their functional currency, which is the Canadian dollar. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average monthly exchange rates. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are recorded as a separate component of equity designated as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated balance sheets. Translation gains or losses in the consolidated financial statements were not material in fiscal 2011, 2010, or 2009.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s net revenues consist primarily of tuition and fees, student housing fees, bookstore sales, restaurant sales in connection with culinary programs, workshop fees, and sales of related study materials. Net revenues are reduced for student refunds and scholarships. The Company derived 92.5% of its net revenues from tuition and fees in fiscal 2011 and 2010 and 91.7% during fiscal 2009.

The Company bills tuition and housing revenues at the beginning of an academic term and recognizes the revenue on a pro rata basis over the term of instruction or occupancy. Some of the Company’s academic terms have starting and ending dates that differ from the Company’s fiscal quarters. Therefore, at the end of each fiscal quarter, the Company has tuition from academic terms where the associated revenue has not yet been earned. Such amounts are recorded as unearned tuition in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Advance payments represent that portion of payments received but not earned and are also recorded as a current liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. These payments are typically related to future academic periods and generally are refundable.

If a student withdraws from one of the Company’s schools, a student’s obligation for tuition and fees is limited depending on when a student withdraws during an academic term. Student refunds are regulated by the standards of the U.S. Department of Education, most state education authorities that regulate the Company’s schools, the accrediting commissions that accredit the Company’s schools and the Company’s institutional policies (collectively, “Refund Policies”). Refund Policies vary by state, and the limitations imposed by the Refund Policies are generally based on the portion of the academic term that has elapsed at the time the student withdraws. The greater the portion of the academic term that has elapsed at the time the student withdraws, the greater the student’s obligation is to the school for the tuition and fees related to that academic term. The Company records revenue net of any refunds that result from any applicable Refund Policy.

Costs and Expenses

Educational services expense consists primarily of costs related to the development, delivery and administration of the Company’s education programs. Major cost components are faculty compensation, administrative salaries, costs of educational materials, facility occupancy costs, information systems costs and bad debt expense.

General and administrative expense consists of marketing and student admissions expenses and certain central staff costs such as executive management, finance and accounting, legal, corporate development and other departments that do not provide direct services to the Company’s education programs.

Marketing costs are expensed in the fiscal year incurred and are classified as general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s marketing expense was $300.0 million, $259.7 million and $200.8 million during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.

 

96


Table of Contents

Stock-Based Compensation

The Black-Scholes option pricing model is used to determine the fair value of all of the Company’s stock options at the grant date. The Company recognizes compensation costs on time-based options and restricted stock on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting term. The Company has not recognized compensation cost on the performance-based options as the vesting conditions are not probable of being met at June 30, 2011. See Note 12 for further discussion of stock-based compensation.

Segment Reporting

The Company’s chief operating decision maker allocates resources and assesses the performance of the Company at an education system level closely aligned to the brands it manages. The majority of the Company’s schools across these education systems provide services to students utilizing similar delivery methods resulting in similar long-term economic characteristics. The Company believes that under this organization structure it meets the criteria for aggregating its education systems into a single reportable segment.

Contingencies

The Company accrues for contingent obligations when it is probable that a liability is incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. As facts concerning contingencies become known, management reassesses its position and makes appropriate adjustments to its financial statements. Estimates that are particularly sensitive to future changes include tax liabilities, bad debt expense, legal expenses, and regulatory matters, which are subject to change as events evolve, and as additional information becomes available during the administrative and litigation process.

 

3. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The Company uses the treasury stock method to compute diluted EPS, which assumes that restricted stock was converted into common stock and outstanding stock options were exercised and the resultant proceeds were used to acquire shares of common stock at its average market price during the reporting period.

Basic and diluted EPS were calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

     For the Fiscal Year
Ended June 30,
 
     2011      2010      2009  

Net income

   $ 229,508       $ 168,506       $ 104,405   

Weighted average number of shares outstanding:

        

Basic

     137,376         136,917         119,770   

Effect of stock-based awards

     940         750         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted

     138,316         137,667         119,770   

Earnings per share:

        

Basic

   $ 1.67       $ 1.23       $ 0.87   

Diluted

     1.66         1.22         0.87   

 

97


Table of Contents

Time-based options to purchase 0.3 million and 1.6 million shares of common stock were outstanding for the years ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the effect of applying the treasury stock method would have been antidilutive. Because certain conditions have not been met with respect to the Company’s 3.3 million of performance-based options, as further described in Note 12, the Company has determined these options to be contingently issuable, and they were not included in the diluted EPS calculation during any period presented. As a result, time-based options that have a dilutive effect were the only options included in the diluted EPS calculations.

In addition, all stock options for fiscal 2009 were contingently issuable due to the existence of certain conditions precluding option holders from receiving fair value for an exercised option. As a result, no options were included in the computation of diluted EPS in fiscal 2009.

 

4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consisted of the following at June 30 (in thousands):

 

Asset Class

   2011     2010  

Land

   $ 17,648      $ 17,655   

Buildings and improvements

     75,835        74,764   

Leasehold improvements and capitalized lease costs

     515,254        446,992   

Furniture and equipment

     148,191        128,411   

Technology and other equipment

     274,015        226,587   

Software

     69,665        56,350   

Library books

     39,395        35,051   

Construction in progress

     21,023        29,850   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     1,161,026        1,015,660   

Less accumulated depreciation

     (463,649     (336,814
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net

   $ 697,377      $ 678,846   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $138.4 million, $114.6 million and $95.6 million, respectively, for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010, and 2009. Amortization expense on software was $14.6 million, $11.8 million and $8.9 million, respectively, for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009.

 

5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

As a result of the Transaction, the Company recorded approximately $2.6 billion of goodwill. Goodwill is recognized as an asset in the financial statements and is initially measured as the excess of the purchase price of the acquired company over the amounts assigned to net assets acquired. In connection with the Transaction, property, equipment, intangible assets other than goodwill and other assets and liabilities were recorded at fair value. The remaining value was assigned to goodwill and represents the intrinsic value of the Company beyond its tangible and identifiable intangible net assets. This is evidenced by the excess of the amount paid to acquire the Company over the values of these respective net assets. During fiscal 2011 and 2010 the Company did not record any changes to its goodwill balance.

 

98


Table of Contents

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets other than goodwill consisted of the following amounts at June 30 (in thousands):

 

     2011     2010  
     Gross
Carrying
Amount
     Accumulated
Amortization
    Gross
Carrying
Amount
     Accumulated
Amortization
 

Tradename-Art Institute

   $ 330,000       $ —        $ 330,000       $ —     

Licensing, accreditation and Title IV program participation

     112,179         —          112,179         —     

Curriculum and programs

     35,221         (23,664     31,948         (18,412

Student contracts, applications and relationships

     39,511         (35,159     39,511         (34,048

Favorable leases and other

     19,451         (15,152     19,403         (13,393
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total intangible assets

   $ 536,362       $ (73,975   $ 533,041       $ (65,853
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Trade names are often considered to have useful lives similar to that of the overall business, which generally means such assets are assigned an indefinite life for accounting purposes. State licenses and accreditations of the Company’s schools as well as their eligibility for Title IV program participation are periodically renewed in cycles ranging from every year to up to every ten years depending upon government and accreditation regulations. Since the Company considers these renewal processes to be a routine aspect of the overall business these assets are assigned indefinite lives.

Amortization of intangible assets was $8.1 million, $8.8 million and $16.7 million during the years ended June 30, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Total estimated amortization of the Company’s intangible assets for each of the years ending June 30, 2012 through 2016 and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

 

Fiscal years

   Amortization
Expense
 

2012

   $ 8,181   

2013

     5,834   

2014

     4,066   

2015

     1,833   

2016

     136   

Thereafter

     158   

 

6. OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS

Other long-term assets consisted of the following at June 30 (in thousands):

 

     2011      2010  

EFL program loans

   $ —         $ 49,529   

Deferred financing fees

     15,511         25,536   

Deferred compensation

     10,819         8,204   

Other

     20,283         10,172   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other long-term assets

   $ 46,613       $ 93,441   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

In August 2008, the Company introduced the Education Finance Loan (“EFL”) program with a private lender, which enabled students who had exhausted all available government-sponsored or other aid and had been denied a private loan to borrow funds to finance a portion of their tuition and other educational expenses. Under the EFL program, the Company purchased loans that were originated by a private lender. These loans were classified as private loans, net within other long-term assets. In April 2011, the Company sold its wholly-owned subsidiary which held the EFL program loans to an unrelated third party for net proceeds of $42.8 million. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011, the Company recorded total fair value adjustments related to the EFL program of $21.5 million in educational services expense in the consolidated statement of operations. At June 30, 2011, the Company has no future obligations to fund additional purchases of loans from the private lender under the EFL program.

 

99


Table of Contents
7. ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following at June 30 (in thousands):

 

     2011      2010  

Payroll and related taxes

   $ 30,637       $ 67,803   

Capital expenditures

     4,801         10,020   

Advertising

     28,279         32,474   

Interest

     12,340         12,732   

Benefits

     11,440         12,014   

Other

     47,629         43,042   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total accrued liabilities

   $ 135,126       $ 178,085   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

8. SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Amendment of Senior Secured Credit Facilities:

On December 7, 2010, EM LLC entered into an agreement to amend and extend its senior secured credit facilities, which include a $442.5 million revolving credit facility and a $1.1 billion term loan. Under the agreement, lenders providing $328.3 million, or 74%, of the total capacity under the revolving credit facility extended their commitments from June 1, 2012 to June 1, 2015, at a new interest rate of LIBOR + 4.00%. In addition, holders of an aggregate $758.7 million, or 68%, of the term loan agreed to extend the maturity date from June 1, 2013 to June 1, 2016 and increase the interest rate on these borrowings from LIBOR + 1.75% to LIBOR + 4.00%. Lenders who did not extend will continue to be paid interest based on the margin spreads in place prior to the amendment.

The lenders also approved other amendments to the senior secured credit facilities, including a springing maturity of March 1, 2014 for the term loan in the event that EM LLC does not refinance, extend or pay in full the $375.0 million of 8.75% senior notes due 2014 (the “Senior Notes”) on or prior to March 1, 2014. The amendments also included an increase to the covenant basket amount for capital expenditures and certain restricted payments, a tightening of the leverage ratio requirements through the remainder of fiscal 2011, an increase in the amount of the revolving credit line available for letters of credit to $425.0 million and the ability to use cash to collateralize letters of credit. The interest rate on the senior secured term loan facility due in 2013, which equals three-month LIBOR plus a margin spread of 1.75% was 2.00% and 2.30% at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The interest rate on the senior secured term loan facility due in 2016, which equals three-month LIBOR plus a margin spread of 4.00% was 4.25% at June 30, 2011.

The amendment of the term loan was accounted for as an extinguishment of the original term loan, which resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $8.4 million. This loss included $5.1 million of previously deferred financing fees that were being amortized through the original maturity date and $3.3 million in cash paid to lenders in connection with the amendment.

Short-Term Debt:

The Company had $79.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2011. These borrowings existed in order to satisfy year-end regulatory financial ratios. This balance was classified as short-term debt on the balance sheet as the amount outstanding was repaid in full on July 1, 2011 from available cash on hand at year end. There were no borrowings outstanding on the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2010.

The Company had outstanding letters of credit of $363.5 million at June 30, 2011, the largest of which is issued to the U.S. Department of Education. The U.S. Department of Education requires the Company to maintain a letter of credit due to the Company’s failure to satisfy certain regulatory financial ratios after giving effect to the Transaction. The amount of this letter of credit was $361.5 million at June 30, 2011, which is 15% of the total Title IV aid received by students attending the Company’s institutions during fiscal 2010. Including amounts drawn on the revolving credit facility and outstanding letters of credit, the Company had no additional capacity under the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2011. On June 1, 2012, the capacity on the revolving credit facility will decrease to $328.3 million.

The interest rate on amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility due in 2012 was 3.75%, which equals prime plus a margin of 0.50%. The interest rate on amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility due in 2015 was 6.25%, which equals prime plus a margin of 3.00%. The applicable margin for borrowings under the revolving credit facility can change dependent on certain leverage ratios and credit ratings. EM LLC is obligated to pay a per annum commitment fee on undrawn amounts under the revolving credit facility, which is currently 0.375% and varies based on certain leverage ratios. The revolving credit facility is secured by certain of EM LLC’s assets and is subject to EM LLC’s satisfaction of certain covenants and financial ratios described below.

 

100


Table of Contents

Long-Term Debt:

The Company’s long-term debt consisted of the following at June 30 (in thousands):

 

     2011     2010  

Senior secured term loan facility, due 2013

   $ 350,503      $  1,114,977   

Senior secured term loan facility, due 2016

     752,624        —     

Senior notes due 2014 at 8.75%

     375,000        375,000   

Senior subordinated notes due 2016 at 10.25%

     —          47,680   

Other

     723        1,081   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total long-term debt

     1,478,850        1,538,738   

Less current portion

     (12,076     (12,103
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total long-term debt, less current portion

   $ 1,466,774      $ 1,526,635   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Senior Secured Credit Facilities:

All obligations under the senior secured credit facilities, including the revolving credit facility, are unconditionally guaranteed by Education Management Holdings LLC and all of the EM LLC’s subsidiaries other than subsidiaries that own or operate a school and inactive subsidiaries that have less than $100,000 of assets. The senior secured credit facilities are also secured by pledges of the capital stock of the Company and each guarantor and a security interest in, and mortgages on, substantially all the tangible and intangible assets of the Company and each guarantor.

The senior secured credit facilities require EM LLC to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, in the case of excess cash flow and in the event of certain asset sales, casualty and condemnation events and issuances of debt. In addition, EM LLC is required to make installment payments on the outstanding term loans in quarterly principal amounts of 0.25% of their funded total principal amount during the life of the debt, with the remaining amount payable upon maturity.

The senior secured credit facilities contain a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, EM LLC’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends and distributions on or repurchase capital stock, create liens on assets, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, repay subordinated indebtedness, make investments, loans or advances, make capital expenditures, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, amend certain material agreements, change its lines of business, sell assets and engage in mergers or consolidations. In addition, EM LLC is required to satisfy and maintain a maximum total leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio under the senior secured credit facilities. EM LLC met the requirements of these two ratios in each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009.

The credit agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default and has a cross-default provision to debt with a principal amount of greater than $50.0 million, which would cause the term loan to be prepaid or redeemed in the event of a default with respect to such debt.

Senior Notes and Senior Subordinated Notes

EM LLC issued the Senior Notes on June 1, 2006 in connection with the closing of the Transaction. The Senior Notes are guaranteed by all of EM LLC’s subsidiaries other than any subsidiary that owns or operates a school or has been formed for such purpose and has no material assets. In November 2009, EDMC guaranteed the indebtedness of EM LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. (a wholly owned subsidiary of EM LLC) under the Senior Notes. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually.

 

101


Table of Contents

The Senior Notes are unsecured obligations that rank senior in right of payment to future debt and other obligations that are, by their terms, expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Notes. They (i) rank equally in right of payment to all existing and future senior debt and other obligations that are not, by their terms, expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Notes, (ii) are effectively subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt, and (iii) are structurally subordinated to all obligations of each subsidiary of EM LLC that is not a guarantor of the Senior Notes.

The Senior Notes are redeemable in whole or in part, at the option of EM LLC, at any time at varying redemption prices that generally include premiums, which are defined in the indenture governing the Senior Notes. In addition, upon a change of control, EM LLC is required to make an offer to redeem all of the Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes contains a number of covenants that restrict, subject to certain exceptions, EM LLC’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares, pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of its capital stock or make other restricted payments, make certain investments, enter into certain types of transactions with affiliates, create liens securing certain debt without securing the Senior Notes, sell certain assets, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets and designate its subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries.

EM LLC issued the Senior Subordinated Notes on June 1, 2006 in connection with the closing of the Transaction. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2010, the Company purchased Senior Subordinated Notes with a total face value of approximately $337.3 million at a premium through two tender offer transactions. The Company recorded losses of $47.2 million in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2010 on the early retirement of these subordinated notes, which includes the acceleration of amortization on previously deferred debt fees of $5.6 million. In fiscal 2011, the Company purchased the remaining $47.7 million of the Senior Subordinated Notes for a premium of $2.4 million, which together with the amortization of the remaining $0.6 million of related deferred debt fees was recorded as a $3.0 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the accompanying fiscal 2011 consolidated statement of operations.

As of June 30, 2011, future annual principal payments on long-term debt and related instruments are as follows for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2012 to 2016 (in thousands):

 

Fiscal year:

  

2012

   $ 12,076   

2013

     353,123   

2014

     389,989   

2015

     11,850   

2016

     711,812   
  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,478,850   
  

 

 

 

 

9. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

EM LLC has historically utilized interest rate swap agreements, which are contractual agreements to exchange payments based on underlying interest rates, to manage the floating rate portion of its term debt. Two such interest rate swaps, each with a notional amount of $375.0 million, were entered into in June 2006 and in place through June 30, 2011. In April 2011, the Company entered into three new interest rate swap agreements for an aggregate notional amount of $950.0 million. These swap agreements are effective July 1, 2011. The first swap agreement is for a notional amount of $325.0 million and effectively fixes future interest payments at a rate of 2.935% until the scheduled maturity of the underlying borrowings on June 1, 2013. The other two swap agreements are for notional amounts of $312.5 million each and effectively fix future interest payments at a rate of 6.26% through June 1, 2015.

The fair values of the interest rate swap liabilities were $19.8 million and $33.9 million at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and were recorded in other long-term liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, at June 30, 2011, there was a cumulative unrealized loss of $12.5 million, net of tax, related to these interest rate swaps included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Company’s accompanying consolidated balance sheet. This loss would be immediately recognized in the consolidated statement of operations if these instruments fail to meet certain cash flow hedge requirements.

 

102


Table of Contents

The change in interest rate swaps, net of tax, recorded in other comprehensive loss during the fiscal years ended June 30 was as follows (in thousands):

 

     2011     2010     2009  

Reclassification into earnings

   $ 23,802      $ 23,795      $ 14,422   

Periodic revaluation

     (14,901     (10,881     (24,218
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change in interest rate swaps

   $ 8,901      $ 12,914      $ (9,796
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Over the next twelve months, the Company estimates approximately $9.8 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the consolidated statement of operations based on current interest rates and underlying debt obligations at June 30, 2011.

The Company used “level two” inputs to value its interest rate swaps. These inputs are defined as other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable. The application of level two inputs includes obtaining quotes from counterparties, which are based on LIBOR forward curves, and assessing non-performance risk based upon published market data.

 

103


Table of Contents
10. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The following table presents the carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments as of June 30 (in thousands):

 

     2011      2010  
     Carrying
Value
    

Fair

Value

     Carrying
Value
    

Fair

Value

 

Variable rate debt

   $ 1,103,127       $ 1,085,768       $ 1,114,977       $ 1,036,929   

Fixed rate debt

     375,723         383,223         423,761         426,979   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total long-term debt

   $ 1,478,850       $ 1,468,991       $ 1,538,738       $ 1,463,908   

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, the revolving credit facility, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate carrying values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The derivative financial instruments are carried at fair value, which is based on the framework discussed in Note 9. The fair values of the Company’s debt were determined based on each instrument’s trading value at June 30.

 

11. INCOME TAXES

The composition of income before taxes from domestic and foreign locations was as follows for the fiscal years ended June 30 (in thousands):

 

     2011      2010      2009  

Domestic

   $ 368,102       $ 248,304       $ 164,794   

Foreign

     1,110         1,843         732   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before taxes

   $ 369,212       $ 250,147       $ 165,526   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The components of the income tax provision reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations were as follows for the fiscal years ended June 30 (in thousands):

 

     2011      2010     2009  

Current taxes:

       

Federal

   $ 95,805       $ 101,895      $ 61,162   

State and local

     19,852         15,605        8,138   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current tax provision

     115,657         117,500        69,300   

Deferred tax provision (benefit)

     24,047         (35,859     (8,179
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total provision for income taxes

   $ 139,704       $ 81,641      $ 61,121   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

104


Table of Contents

The provision for income taxes reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations varies from the amounts that would have been provided by applying the United States federal statutory income tax rate to earnings before income taxes as shown below for the fiscal years ended June 30:

 

     2011     2010     2009  

U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate

     35.0     35.0     35.0

State and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit

     3.4     1.4     1.1

Increase in valuation allowance

     0.0     2.0     0.6

Permanent items

     0.3     0.1     -0.3

Uncertain tax positions

     -0.7     -5.9     0.8

Other items, net

     -0.2     0.0     -0.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective income tax rate

     37.8     32.6     36.9
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred income tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following at June 30 (in thousands):

 

     2011     2010  

Current deferred tax assets:

    

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   $ 75,431      $ 50,297   

Accrued wages

     4,029        16,681   

Other

     2,896        4,131   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross current deferred tax assets

     82,356        71,109   

Less valuation allowance

     (5,552     (5,699
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current deferred tax assets

   $ 76,804      $ 65,410   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Noncurrent deferred tax assets:

    

Interest rate swap

   $ 8,634      $ 14,774   

Deferred liabilities

     25,236        20,879   

Foreign and state net operating losses

     11,145        9,764   

Share-based compensation

     12,744        8,811   

Other

     12,334        28,757   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross noncurrent deferred tax assets

     70,093        82,985   

Less valuation allowance

     (16,115     (16,953
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total noncurrent deferred tax assets

     53,978        66,032   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities:

    

Intangible assets

     227,494        224,323   

Property and equipment

     48,023        20,193   

Other

     1,145        2,450   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total noncurrent deferred tax liabilities

     276,662        246,966   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net noncurrent deferred tax liabilities

   $ 222,684      $ 180,934   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

At June 30, 2011, the Company had state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $149.9 million available to offset future taxable income and a related deferred tax asset of $8.7 million. The carry forwards expire at varying dates beginning in fiscal 2013 through fiscal 2031. The Company has determined that it is currently “more-likely-than-not” that the deferred tax assets associated with $146.5 million of its state net operating loss carry forwards will not be realized and has established a valuation allowance equal to the gross deferred tax asset balance of $8.6 million related to these net operating loss carry forwards. In addition, certain of the Company’s state net operating losses may be subject to annual limitations due to these states’ adoption of the ownership change limitations imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 382 or similar state provisions, which could result in the expiration of the state net operating loss carry forwards before they can be utilized.

At June 30, 2011, the Company had Canadian net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $9.6 million available to offset future taxable income and a related deferred tax asset of $2.4 million.

The recognition and measurement of tax benefits associated with uncertain income tax positions requires the use of judgment and estimates by management, which are inherently subjective. Changes in judgment about uncertain tax positions taken in previous periods may result from new information concerning an uncertain tax position, completion of an audit or the expiration of statutes of limitation. These changes may create volatility in the Company’s effective tax rate in future periods.

 

105


Table of Contents

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest expense and the indirect benefits of state taxes, for the fiscal years ended June 30 is as follows (in thousands):

 

     2011     2010     2009  

Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of year

   $ 8,902      $ 22,639      $ 22,243   

Increase in prior year unrecognized tax benefits

     26        51        —     

(Decrease) in prior year unrecognized tax benefits

     (174     (539     (520

Increase in current year unrecognized tax benefits

     943        3,070        692   

(Decrease) in unrecognized tax benefits due to the expiration of statutes of limitation

     (4,259     (16,319     (776
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unrecognized tax benefits, end of year

   $ 5,438      $ 8,902      $ 22,639   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Of the Company’s $5.4 million in unrecognized tax benefits, approximately $4.9 million, excluding interest expense and the indirect benefit of state taxes, would affect the annual effective tax rate if recognized. It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by $0.8 million within the next twelve months due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitation. The resulting benefit, if recognized, will be a discrete item in the third quarter of fiscal 2012.

The Company classifies interest expense and penalties accrued in connection with unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense in its consolidated statement of operations, which is consistent with the Company’s past accounting policy for interest and penalties related to tax liabilities. The total amount of interest recognized in the statement of operations for fiscal 2011 was $0.1 million. No penalties were recognized during fiscal 2011, and no amount was accrued for penalties on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2011.

The statutes of limitation for the Company’s U.S. income tax returns are closed for years through fiscal 2007. The statutes of limitation for the Company’s state and local income tax returns for prior periods vary by jurisdiction. However, the statutes of limitation with respect to the major jurisdictions in which the Company files state and local tax returns are generally closed for years through fiscal 2006.

 

12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock options and restricted stock

In August 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2006 Stock Option Plan (the “2006 Plan”) for executive management and key personnel. Under the 2006 Plan, certain of the Company’s employees were granted a combination of time-based and performance-based options to purchase the Company’s common stock. In April 2009, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”), which became effective upon the completion of the initial public offering. Including forfeitures of options under the 2006 Plan, which can be used to issue new awards under the Omnibus Plan, approximately 3.9 million shares of common stock remain available for issuance under the Omnibus Plan. The Omnibus Plan may be used to issue stock options, stock-option appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other forms of long-term incentive compensation.

Upon completion of the initial public offering in October 2009, the Company recognized $15.2 million of previously deferred stock-based compensation costs due to the removal of certain conditions that existed related to the inability of option holders to obtain fair market value for stock options granted under the 2006 Plan. The Company recognized $11.1 million and $21.7 million of share-based compensation expense related to outstanding time-based stock options, restricted stock and other awards during fiscal 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

106


Table of Contents

In April 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to modify the vesting conditions of the existing performance-based stock options. After giving effect to the modification, these options will vest upon the greater of the percentage of the Company’s common stock sold by certain investment funds affiliated with Providence Equity Partners and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners (together, the “Principal Stockholders”) or on certain return on investment hurdles achieved by the Principal Stockholders. The exercise price and contractual life of the performance-based stock options did not change. The Company continues to defer compensation expense related to these performance-based options because the performance conditions are not probable of being met at June 30, 2011. Net of estimated forfeitures, the Company had $30.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost relating to performance-based stock options and $21.7 million of unrecognized compensation cost relating to time-based stock options at June 30, 2011.

The Company issued 24,741 shares of common stock directly to members of the Board of Directors and 32,984 shares of restricted stock, which vest one year from the date of grant, during fiscal 2011. The shares of restricted stock were valued at the closing price of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, which averaged $13.34 per share. At June 30, 2011, there is $0.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock, all of which will be recognized ratably through November 2011.

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes method to estimate the fair value of time-based and performance-based options. The expected option term on the Company’s grants is determined using a simplified method based on the average of the weighted vesting terms and the contractual term of the options. Expected volatility is determined using the historical volatility of a seven-company peer group, all of which have publicly traded stock. The risk-free interest rate assumption is determined using the yield on a zero-coupon U.S. Treasury strip by extrapolating to a forward-yield curve. The forfeiture rate is originally determined using a historical rate based on options activity prior to the Transaction and is updated periodically based on actual experience. Finally, as the Company does not currently declare dividends and does not intend to do so in the short term, a dividend yield of zero is used.

Below is a summary of the weighted-average assumptions used for time-based options granted during the years ended June 30:

 

     2011     2010     2009  

Weighted average fair value of options

   $ 6.77      $ 8.50      $ 10.19   

Expected dividend yield

     0.0     0.0     0.0

Expected volatility

     44.0     44.2     43.2

Risk-free interest rate

     1.9     2.9     3.2

Expected forfeiture rate

     8.6     12.4     12.4

Expected term

     6.25 yrs        6.25 yrs        6.50 yrs   

Vesting periods

     4.0 yrs        4.0 yrs        5.0 yrs   

Time-based options granted, exercised and forfeited during fiscal 2011 are as follows:

 

     Options     Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
     Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
     Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (in
thousands)
 

Outstanding at June 30, 2010

     5,077,866      $ 13.89         7.15 yrs       $ 12,146   

Granted

     2,598,545      $ 14.91         

Exercised

     (122,017   $ 12.01         

Forfeited

     (146,222   $ 15.24         
  

 

 

         

Outstanding at June 30, 2011

     7,408,172      $ 14.24         7.25 yrs       $ 71,871   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exercisable at June 30, 2011

     3,426,224      $ 12.60         5.59 yrs       $ 38,870   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company received approximately $1.5 million from option holders in fiscal 2011 from the exercise of stock options, on which the actual tax benefits realized for tax deductions, including excess tax benefits, was $0.4 million.

Below is a summary of the weighted-average assumptions used for the Company’s existing performance-based options, all of which were originally granted before fiscal 2010 and were modified in April 2011. There were no new performance-based options granted during fiscal 2011 or 2010. Also presented below is a rollforward of performance-based option activity during fiscal 2011.

 

107


Table of Contents

Weighted average fair value of options

   $ 9.14   

Expected dividend yield

     0.0

Expected volatility

     47.4

Risk-free interest rate

     1.7

Expected term

     3.2 years   

 

     Options     Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
     Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
     Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (in
thousands)
 

Outstanding at June 30, 2010

     3,371,101      $ 12.42         6.39 yrs       $ 9,550   

Granted

     —             

Exercised

     —             

Forfeited

     (62,037   $ 14.47         
  

 

 

         

Outstanding at June 30, 2011

     3,309,064      $ 12.38         5.39 yrs       $ 38,257   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Exercisable at June 30, 2011

     —          —           —           —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

In fiscal 2007, the Company adopted the Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the “LTIC Plan”). The LTIC Plan consists of a bonus pool that is valued based on returns to the Principal Stockholders in connection with a change in control of the Company. Out of a total of 1,000,000 units authorized, approximately 649,000 units were outstanding under the LTIC Plan at June 30, 2011. Each unit represents the right to receive a payment based on the value of the bonus pool. As the contingent future events that would result in value to the unit-holders are less than probable, no compensation expense has been recognized by the Company during any of the periods following the Transaction. The plan is being accounted for as an equity-based plan as the units may be settled in stock or cash at the Company’s discretion, and it is the Company’s intent to settle any future payment out of the LTIC Plan in stock. The total amount of unrecognized compensation cost over the vesting periods of all units, net of estimated forfeitures, is approximately $2.5 million at June 30, 2011.

 

13. STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM

In June 2010, the Company approved a stock repurchase program under which it could purchase up to $50.0 million of its common stock through June 30, 2011. During fiscal 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors approved increases to the size of the stock repurchase program to $250.0 million through December 31, 2011. Under the terms of the program, the Company may make repurchases in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, through accelerated repurchase programs or in structured share repurchase programs. The program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be modified or suspended at any time at the Company’s discretion. The Company has repurchased 13.3 million shares of its common stock for $226.9 million under the program from its inception in June 2010 through June 30, 2011, of which $2.4 million settled after June 30, 2011. At June 30, 2011, approximately $23.1 million remained available under the program to be used for future stock repurchases.

 

14. OTHER EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company sponsors a 401(K) plan that covers substantially all employees. In January 2011, the Company changed its policy and now matches dollar for dollar up to 6% of employee contributions to the retirement plan. This change also allows all participants in the plan to vest in the Company’s matching contributions immediately. The Company recorded expense related to the retirement plan of approximately $21.9 million, $14.3 million and $12.3 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

108


Table of Contents
15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Securities Class Action

On August 11, 2010, a securities class action complaint captioned Gaer v. Education Management Corp., et. al was filed against the Company, certain of its executive officers and directors, and certain underwriters of the Company’s initial public offering. The complaint alleges violations of Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934 due to allegedly false and misleading statements in connection with the Company’s initial public offering and the Company’s subsequent press releases and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. On November 10, 2010, the Court granted the Oklahoma Police Pension and Retirement System’s motion to serve as lead plaintiff in the lawsuit. On January 10, 2011, the lead plaintiff and the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority filed an Amended Class Action Complaint with the Court alleging similar violations of Section 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and adding one additional individual defendant and other underwriters from the Company’s initial public offering. The Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself.

Incentive Compensation Matters

On May 3, 2011, a qui tam action captioned United States of America, and the States of California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York and Tennessee, and the District of Columbia, each ex rel., Lynntoya Washington and Michael T. Mahoney v. Education Management Corporation, et. al (“Washington”) filed under the federal False Claims Act in April 2007 was unsealed due to the U.S. Department of Justice’s decision to intervene in the case under the federal False Claims Act. Four of the states listed on the case caption have joined the case based on qui tam actions filed under their respective state False Claims Acts. The State of Kentucky, which does not have a False Claims Act, has also filed a motion to intervene in the case under its consumer protection laws. The case, which is pending in the Western District of Pennsylvania, relates to whether the defendants’ compensation plans for admission representatives violated the Higher Education Act, as amended (“HEA”), and U.S. Department of Education regulations prohibiting an institution participating in Title IV programs from providing any commission, bonus or other incentive payment based directly or indirectly on success in securing enrollments to any person or entity engaged in any student recruitment or admissions activity. The complaint was initially filed by a former admissions representative at The Art Institute of Pittsburgh Online Division and a former director of training at Online Higher Education and asserts the relators are entitled to recover treble the amount of actual damages allegedly sustained by the federal government as a result of the alleged activity, plus civil monetary penalties. The Company believes the claims to be without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself.

OIG Subpoena

On March 22, 2011, the Company received a subpoena from the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Education requesting documents related to satisfactory academic progress standards and state licensing of online programs offered by South University and The Art Institute of Pittsburgh for the time period beginning January 1, 2006 through the date of the subpoena. The Company intends to cooperate with the subpoena and investigation. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.

Buirkle APA Program Accreditation Lawsuit

In August 2009, a petition was filed in the District Court for Dallas County, Texas in the case of Capalbo et al. v. Argosy Education Group, Inc. University, Education Management LLC, Education Management Corporation and Marilyn Powell-Kissinger by 15 former students in the Clinical Psychology program offered by the Dallas campus of Argosy University. In September 2009, the defendants removed the case to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas division. The case was remanded back to state court in November 2009 by agreement after the plaintiffs amended their pleadings to specify their allegations and agreed to dismiss Ms. Powell-Kissinger as a defendant. The plaintiffs filed an amended petition in state court in January 2010 under the name of Buirkle et al. v. Argosy Education Group, Inc., Education Management LLC and Education Management Corporation and included three new plaintiffs. The petition alleges that, prior to the plaintiffs’ enrollment and/or while the plaintiffs were enrolled in the program, the defendants violated the

 

109


Table of Contents

Texas Deceptive Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Act and made material misrepresentations regarding the importance of accreditation of the program by the Commission on Accreditation, American Psychological Association, the status of the application of the Dallas campus for such accreditation, the availability of loan repayment options for the plaintiffs, and the quantity and quality of the plaintiffs’ career options. Plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary compensatory and punitive damages. In March 2010, claims filed by three of the plaintiffs who signed arbitration agreements with Argosy University were compelled to binding arbitration. The remaining lawsuits in the case were stayed pending the resolution of the three arbitrations.

In May 2010, those three plaintiffs and a fourth former student in the Clinical Psychology program offered by the Dallas campus of Argosy University filed a demand for arbitration. The first of four separate arbitrations is currently scheduled to be heard in February 2012. Also in May 2010, three additional former students in the Clinical Psychology program offered by the Dallas campus of Argosy University filed a new action in the District Court for Dallas County, Texas in the case of Adibian et al. v. Argosy Education Group, Inc., Education Management LLC, and Education Management Corporation alleging the same claims made in the previous lawsuits. The defendants filed a motion to stay the new action pending the resolution of the arbitration proceedings. Prior to the hearing on the motion, plaintiffs filed a notice of non-suit without prejudice. The court signed the order of non-suit in August 2010, and the case was closed. The Company believes the claims in the lawsuits and the arbitrations to be without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself.

State Attorney General Investigations

In December 2010, the Company received a subpoena from the Office of Consumer Protection of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Kentucky requesting documents and detailed information for the time period of January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2010. The Company has three Brown Mackie College locations in Kentucky. The Kentucky Attorney General has announced an investigation of the business practices of for-profit post-secondary schools and that subpoenas had been issued to six proprietary colleges that do business in Kentucky in connection with the investigation. The Company intends to continue to cooperate with the investigation. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.

In October 2010, Argosy University received a subpoena from the Florida Attorney General’s office seeking a wide range of documents related to the Company’s institutions, including the nine institutions located in Florida, from January 2, 2006 to the present. The Florida Attorney General has announced that it is investigating potential misrepresentations in recruitment, financial aid and other areas. The Company is cooperating with the investigation, but has also filed a suit to quash or limit the subpoena and to protect information sought that constitutes proprietary or trade secret information. The Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.

In June 2007, The New England Institute of Art (“NEIA”) received a civil investigative demand letter from the Massachusetts State Attorney General requesting information in connection with the Attorney General’s review of alleged submissions of false claims by NEIA to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and alleged unfair and deceptive student lending and marketing practices engaged in by the school. In February 2008, the Attorney General informed NEIA that it does not plan to further pursue its investigation of deceptive marketing practices. In June and August of 2011, the Company provided the Attorney General with additional information related to the false claims investigation. NEIA intends to fully cooperate with the Attorney General in connection with its continuing investigation.

In addition to the matters described above, the Company is a defendant in certain legal proceedings arising out of the conduct of its business. In the opinion of management, based upon an investigation of these claims and discussion with legal counsel, the ultimate outcome of such legal proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Lease Commitments

The Company leases certain classroom, dormitory and office space as well as equipment and automobiles under operating leases that expire on various future dates. Rent expense under these leases was $182.4 million, $167.1 million and $148.3 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Rent expense also includes short-term commitments for student housing of $50.7 million, $49.8 million and $50.3 million during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Certain of the Company’s operating leases contain provisions for escalating payments and options for renewal.

 

110


Table of Contents

As of June 30, 2011, the annual minimum future commitments under non-cancelable, long-term operating leases were as follows for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2012 to 2016 and thereafter (in thousands):

 

2012

   $ 160,997   

2013

     156,620   

2014

     145,529   

2015

     126,349   

2016

     110,273   

Thereafter

     400,460   

At June 30, 2011, the Company has provided $15.9 million of surety bonds primarily to state regulatory agencies through four different surety providers. The Company believes that these surety bonds will expire without being funded; therefore, the commitments are not expected to materially affect the Company’s financial condition or cash flows.

 

16. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

During fiscal 2011, and in connection with the debt amendment described in Note 8, the Company paid an arranger fee of $1.1 million to an affiliate of one of the Sponsors. The Company also entered into an interest rate swap agreement in fiscal 2011 in the amount of $312.5 million with an affiliate of one of the Sponsors, the terms of which are discussed in Note 9.

In connection with the Transaction and under the terms of an agreement between the Company and the Sponsors, the Company agreed to pay annual advisory fees of $5.0 million to the Sponsors. This agreement included customary exculpation and indemnification provisions in favor of the Sponsors and their affiliates. Upon the completion of the initial public offering, the Company terminated the agreement with the Sponsors and paid a non-recurring fee of $29.6 million. This has been included in management fees paid to affiliates in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

An affiliate of one of the Sponsors participated as one of the joint book-running managers of the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock. This affiliate was paid $5.5 million pursuant to a customary underwriting agreement among the Company and several underwriters. This fee was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet as it reduced the net proceeds received from the initial public offering. In addition, the Company paid an affiliate of one of the Sponsors approximately $0.5 million in tender offer fees related to the two debt repurchases that occurred during fiscal 2010 that were recorded in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

In March 2009, the Company paid $0.3 million to an affiliate of Goldman Sachs Capital Partners in connection with investment banking services provided to the Company for separate amendments to the Company’s senior secured loan facility. The beneficial stock ownership of Goldman Sachs Capital Partners in EDMC is described in “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.” Adrian M. Jones and Mick J. Beekhuizen are designees of Goldman Sachs Capital Partners on the Company’s Board of Directors.

South University LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, leases facilities under a long-term arrangement from two separate entities owned by John T. South, one of the Company’s executive officers. Total rental payments under these arrangements approximated $2.2 million in fiscal 2011 and $1.7 million in 2010 and 2009.

The Company licenses student information system software from Campus Management Corp (“CMC”), which since February 2008 has been owned by Leeds Equity Partners, one of the Sponsors. Jeffrey T. Leeds is a designee of Leeds Equity Partners on the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company paid licensing, maintenance and consulting fees to CMC of approximately $3.5 million, $0.6 million and $3.8 million in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The Company also uses PeopleScout, Inc., d/b/a StudentScout, for contact management services when processing some of its inquiries from prospective students. StudentScout is owned by investment funds associated with Leeds Equity Partners. During fiscal 2011 and 2010, the Company paid servicing fees to StudentScout of approximately $2.8 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

 

111


Table of Contents

The Company also does business with several companies affiliated with Providence Equity Partners, one of the Sponsors. Paul J. Salem and Peter O. Wilde are designees of Providence Equity Partners on the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company purchases personal computers and related equipment from CDW Corporation and its affiliates, the largest of which is CDW Government, Inc. (collectively, “CDW”). During fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company purchased approximately $1.8 million, $6.7 million, $7.4 million, respectively, of equipment from CDW. The Company also paid NexTag, Inc. for marketing lead generation services of approximately $0.4 million, $1.6 million and $2.9 million in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The Company also uses Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC for computer software that tests the skills of the Company’s students in various academic fields. During fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company paid Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC approximately $0.6 million, $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The Company has also engaged Kroll Ontrack for litigation management and electronic discovery document retention. Total fees paid to Kroll Ontrack during fiscal 2011 related to such services approximated $1.0 million.

 

17. GUARANTOR SUBSIDIARIES FINANCIAL INFORMATION

On June 1, 2006, in connection with the Transaction, EM LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. issued the Senior Notes. The Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by all of EM LLC’s existing direct and indirect domestic restricted subsidiaries, other than any subsidiary that directly owns or operates a school, or has been formed for such purposes, and subsidiaries that have no material assets (collectively, the “Guarantors”). All other subsidiaries of EM LLC, either direct or indirect, do not guarantee the Senior Notes (“Non-Guarantors”).

In November 2009, the Company guaranteed the indebtedness of EM LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. (a wholly owned subsidiary of EM LLC) under the Senior Notes.

The following tables present the condensed consolidated financial position of EM LLC, the Guarantor Subsidiaries, the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Parent (“EDMC”) as of June 30, 2011 and 2010. The results of operations for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009 and the condensed statements of cash flows for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009 are presented for EM LLC, the Guarantor Subsidiaries, the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and EDMC.

 

112


Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

June 30, 2011 (In thousands)

 

     EM LLC     Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Eliminations     EM LLC
Consolidated
    EDMC     Eliminations     EDMC
Consolidated
 

Assets

                

Current:

                

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ (16,816   $ 270      $ 369,637      $ —        $ 353,091      $ 50,133      $ —        $ 403,224   

Restricted cash

     30,685        —          16,828        —          47,513        —          —          47,513   

Student and other receivables, net

     3,758        78        169,121        —          172,957        —          —          172,957   

Inventories

     (296     172        9,718        —          9,594        —          —          9,594   

Other current assets

     25,229        586        110,432        —          136,247        —          —          136,247   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     42,560        1,106        675,736        —          719,402        50,133        —          769,535   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net

     71,417        7,552        618,408        —          697,377        —          —          697,377   

Intangible assets, net

     2,300        51        460,036        —          462,387        —          —          462,387   

Goodwill

     7,328        —          2,571,803        —          2,579,131        —          —          2,579,131   

Intercompany balances

     1,206,483        (29,516     (1,364,493     —          (187,526     187,526        —          —     

Other long-term assets

     30,229        —          16,384        —          46,613        —          —          46,613   

Investment in subsidiaries

     2,189,422        —          —          (2,189,422     —          1,866,158        (1,866,158     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 3,549,739      $ (20,807   $ 2,977,874      $ (2,189,422   $ 4,317,384      $ 2,103,817      $ (1,866,158   $ 4,555,043   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)

                

Current:

                

Current portion of long-term debt

   $ 90,850      $ —        $ (78,774   $ —        $ 12,076      $ —        $ —        $ 12,076   

Other current liabilities

     94,837        3,517        426,514        —          524,868        (3     —          524,865   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     185,687        3,517        347,740        —          536,944        (3     —          536,941   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term debt, less current portion

     1,466,277        —          497        —          1,466,774        —          —          1,466,774   

Other long-term liabilities

     42,841        433        181,426        —          224,700        —          —          224,700   

Deferred income taxes

     (11,224     265        233,767        —          222,808        (124     —          222,684   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     1,683,581        4,215        763,430        —          2,451,226        (127     —          2,451,099   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)

     1,866,158        (25,022     2,214,444        (2,189,422     1,866,158        2,103,944        (1,866,158     2,103,944   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)

   $ 3,549,739      $ (20,807   $ 2,977,874      $ (2,189,422   $ 4,317,384      $ 2,103,817      $ (1,866,158   $ 4,555,043   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

113


Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

June 30, 2010 (In thousands)

 

    EM LLC     Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Eliminations     EM LLC
Consolidated
    EDMC     Eliminations     EDMC
Consolidated
 

Assets

               

Current:

               

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 11,522      $ 314      $ 313,403      $ —        $ 325,239      $ 48,307      $ —        $ 373,546   

Restricted cash

    387        —          12,455        —          12,842        —          —          12,842   

Student and other receivables, net

    99        90        188,342        —          188,531        6        —          188,537   

Inventories

    —          182        11,473        —          11,655        —          —          11,655   

Other current assets

    26,741        576        79,064        —          106,381        —          —          106,381   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

    38,749        1,162        604,737        —          644,648        48,313        —          692,961   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net

    64,814        6,956        607,076        —          678,846        —          —          678,846   

Intangible assets, net

    2,737        65        464,386        —          467,188        —          —          467,188   

Goodwill

    7,328        —          2,571,803        —          2,579,131        —          —          2,579,131   

Intercompany balances

    1,285,257        (76,041     (1,611,040     —          (401,824     401,824        —          —     

Other long-term assets

    38,474        49,529        5,440        —          93,443        (2     —          93,441   

Investment in subsidiaries

    1,883,576        —          —          (1,883,576     —          1,626,483        (1,626,483     —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  $ 3,320,935      $ (18,329   $ 2,642,402      $ (1,883,576   $ 4,061,432      $ 2,076,618      $ (1,626,483   $ 4,511,567   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)

               

Current:

               

Current portion of long-term debt

  $ 11,850      $ —        $ 253      $ —        $ 12,103      $ —        $ —        $ 12,103   

Other current liabilities

    114,396        4,827        375,641        —          494,864        183        —          495,047   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

    126,246        4,827        375,894        —          506,967        183        —          507,150   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term debt, less current portion

    1,525,807        —          828        —          1,526,635        —          —          1,526,635   

Other long-term liabilities

    58,397        3,172        158,584        —          220,153        —          —          220,153   

Deferred income taxes

    (15,998     (13,393     210,585        —          181,194        (260     —          180,934   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

    1,694,452        (5,394     745,891        —          2,434,949        (77     —          2,434,872   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)

    1,626,483        (12,935     1,896,511        (1,883,576     1,626,483        2,076,695        (1,626,483     2,076,695   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)

  $ 3,320,935      $ (18,329   $ 2,642,402      $ (1,883,576   $ 4,061,432      $ 2,076,618      $ (1,626,483   $ 4,511,567   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

114


Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2011 (In thousands)

 

    EM LLC     Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Eliminations     EM LLC
Consolidated
    EDMC     Eliminations     EDMC
Consolidated
 

Net revenues

  $ —        $ 5,920      $ 2,881,709      $ —        $ 2,887,629      $ —        $ —        $ 2,887,629   

Costs and expenses:

               

Educational services

    77,100        30,852        1,372,823        —          1,480,775        1        —          1,480,776   

General and administrative

    (112,066     (2,524     873,461        —          758,871        228        —          759,099   

Depreciation and amortization

    24,668        342        121,471        —          146,481        (1     —          146,480   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

    (10,298     28,670        2,367,755        —          2,386,127        228        —          2,386,355   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before loss on extinguishment of debt, interest and income taxes

    10,298        (22,750     513,954        —          501,502        (228     —          501,274   

Interest (income) expense, net

    121,581        (3,305     2,464        —          120,740        (46     —          120,694   

Loss on extinguishment of debt

    11,368        —          —          —          11,368        —          —          11,368   

Equity in earnings of subsidiaries

    (305,846     —          —          305,846        —          (229,609     229,609        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

    183,195        (19,445     511,490        (305,846     369,394        229,427        (229,609     369,212   

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

    (46,414     (7,358     193,557        —          139,785        (81     —          139,704   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $ 229,609      $ (12,087   $ 317,933      $ (305,846   $ 229,609      $ 229,508      $ (229,609   $ 229,508   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS  
For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2010 (In thousands)  
    EM LLC     Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Eliminations     EM LLC
Consolidated
    EDMC     Eliminations     EDMC
Consolidated
 

Net revenues

  $ —        ($ 3,178   $ 2,511,699      $ —        $ 2,508,521      $ —        $ —        $ 2,508,521   

Costs and expenses:

               

Educational services

    60,658        (684     1,207,132        —          1,267,106        —          —          1,267,106   

General and administrative

    (94,146     (573     761,682        —          666,963        228        —          667,191   

Management fees paid to affiliates

    32,055        —          —          —          32,055        —          —          32,055   

Depreciation and amortization

    18,936        243        104,180        —          123,359        —          —          123,359   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

    17,503        (1,014     2,072,994        —          2,089,483        228        —          2,089,711   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before loss on extinguishment of debt, interest and income taxes

    (17,503     (2,164     438,705        —          419,038        (228     —          418,810   

Interest (income) expense, net

    120,309        (1,649     2,854        —          121,514        (58     —          121,456   

Loss on extinguishment of debt

    47,207        —          —          —          47,207        —          —          47,207   

Equity in earnings of subsidiaries

    (293,212     —          —          293,212        —          (168,596     168,596        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

    108,193        (515     435,851        (293,212     250,317        168,426        (168,596     250,147   

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

    (60,403     (168     142,292        —          81,721        (80     —          81,641   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $ 168,596      $ (347   $ 293,559      $ (293,212   $ 168,596      $ 168,506      $ (168,596   $ 168,506   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

115


Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2009 (In thousands)

 

     EM LLC     Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
     Eliminations     EM LLC
Consolidated
     EDMC     Eliminations     EDMC
Consolidated
 

Net revenues

   $ —        $ 4,716        2,006,742       $ —        $ 2,011,458       $ —        $ —        $ 2,011,458   

Costs and expenses:

                  

Educational services

     51,196        3,378        1,013,147         —          1,067,721         3        —          1,067,724   

General and administrative

     (71,461     2,975        575,934         —          507,448         227        —          507,675   

Management fees paid to affiliates

     5,000        —          —           —          5,000         —          —          5,000   

Depreciation and amortization

     15,540        180        96,569         —          112,289         —          —          112,289   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

     275        6,533        1,685,650         —          1,692,458         230        —          1,692,688   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before loss on extinguishment of debt, interest and income taxes

     (275     (1,817     321,092         —          319,000         (230     —          318,770   

Interest expense (income), net

     150,933        —          2,636         —          153,569         (325     —          153,244   

Equity in earnings of subsidiaries

     (199,524     —          —           199,524        —           (104,243     104,243        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

     48,316        (1,817     318,456         (199,524     165,431         104,338        (104,243     165,526   

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

     (55,927     (672     117,787         —          61,188         (67     —          61,121   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

   $ 104,243      $ (1,145   $ 200,669       $ (199,524   $ 104,243       $ 104,405      $ (104,243   $ 104,405   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

116


Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2011 (In thousands)

 

     EM LLC     Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    EM LLC
Consolidated
    EDMC     EDMC
Consolidated
 

Net cash flows provided by (used in) operations

   $ (99,516   $ 33,747      $ 463,676      $ 397,907      $ 1,826      $ 399,733   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

            

Expenditures for long-lived assets

     (14,143     (1,496     (122,466     (138,105     —          (138,105

Other investing activities

     —          —          (23,107     (23,107     —          (23,107
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows used in investing activities

     (14,143     (1,496     (145,573     (161,212     —          (161,212
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

            

Net borrowings of debt and other

     90,615        —          (79,358     11,257        —          11,257   

Issuance of common stock net of repurchases for treasury

     —          —          —          —          (220,416     (220,416

Intercompany transactions

     (5,294     (32,295     (182,827     (220,416     220,416        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities

     85,321        (32,295     (262,185     (209,159     —          (209,159
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     —          —          316        316        —          316   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     (28,338     (44     56,234        27,852        1,826        29,678   

Beginning cash and cash equivalents

     11,522        314        313,403        325,239        48,307        373,546   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending cash and cash equivalents

   $ (16,816   $ 270      $ 369,637      $ 353,091      $ 50,133      $ 403,224   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2010 (In thousands)

 
     EM LLC     Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    EM LLC
Consolidated
    EDMC     EDMC
Consolidated
 

Net cash flows provided by (used in) operations

   $ (85,735   $ (40,919   $ 431,407      $ 304,753      $ 2,362      $ 307,115   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities

            

Expenditures for long-lived assets

     (16,783     (1,801     (157,198     (175,782     —          (175,782

Other investing activities

     —          —          (14,416     (14,416     —          (14,416
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows used in investing activities

     (16,783     (1,801     (171,614     (190,198     —          (190,198
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

            

Net repayments of debt and other

     (493,206     —          (730     (493,936     —          (493,936

Issuance of common stock net of repurchases for treasury

     —          —          —          —          387,494        387,494   

Intercompany transactions

     591,457        42,553        (250,700     383,310        (383,310     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities

     98,251        42,553        (251,430     (110,626     4,184        (106,442
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash

     —          —          (247     (247     —          (247
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     (4,267     (167     8,116        3,682        6,546        10,228   

Beginning cash and cash equivalents

     15,789        481        305,287        321,557        41,761        363,318   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending cash and cash equivalents

   $ 11,522      $ 314      $ 313,403      $ 325,239      $ 48,307      $ 373,546   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

117


Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2009 (In thousands)

 

     EM LLC     Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
    EM LLC
Consolidated
    EDMC      EDMC
Consolidated
 

Net cash flows provided by (used in) operations

   $ (29,702   $ (6,067   $ 328,801      $ 293,032      $ 366       $ 293,398   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities

             

Expenditures for long-lived assets

     (13,539     (1,592     (135,582     (150,713     —           (150,713

Other investing activities

     —          —          (22,382     (22,382     —           (22,382
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash flows used in investing activities

     (13,539     (1,592     (157,964     (173,095     —           (173,095
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

             

Net repayments of debt and other

     (32,761     (1     (927     (33,689     14         (33,675

Intercompany transactions

     89,480        8,006        (97,486     —          —           —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities

     56,719        8,005        (98,413     (33,689     14         (33,675
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     —          —          (718     (718     —           (718
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

     13,478        346        71,706        85,530        380         85,910   

Beginning cash and cash equivalents

     2,311        135        233,581        236,027        41,381         277,408   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending cash and cash equivalents

   $ 15,789      $ 481      $ 305,287      $ 321,557      $ 41,761       $ 363,318   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

118


Table of Contents
18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On August 5, 2011, the Company announced an increase to the size of its stock repurchase program under which the Company may purchase shares of its common stock from $250.0 million to $325.0 million through December 31, 2011. As of August 25, 2011, approximately $60.3 million remained available under the program to be used for future stock repurchases.

In August 2011, the Company received a subpoena from the Attorney General of the State of New York requesting documents and detailed information for the time period of January 1, 2000 through the present. The Art Institute of New York City is the Company’s only school located in New York. The subpoena is primarily related to the Company’s compensation of admissions representatives and recruiting activities. The relators in the Washington qui tam case filed the complaint under the State of New York’s False Claims Act though the state has not announced an intention to intervene in the matter. The Company intends to cooperate with the investigation. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.

 

119


Table of Contents

SCHEDULE II

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

(In thousands)

 

     Balance at
Beginning
of Period
     Additions
Charged to
Expenses
     Deductions/
Other
    Balance at
End of
Period
 

Year ended June 30, 2009

          

Uncollectable accounts receivable

   $ 52,270       $ 67,049       $ 35,628      $ 83,691   

Estimated future loan losses

     1,719         11,284         (1,512     14,515   

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance

     22,477         1,066         4,696        18,847   

Year ended June 30, 2010

          

Uncollectable accounts receivable

   $ 83,691       $ 91,744       $ 51,193      $ 124,242   

Estimated future loan losses

     14,515         28,646         —          43,161   

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance

     18,847         3,805         —          22,652   

Year ended June 30, 2011

          

Uncollectable accounts receivable

   $ 124,242       $ 130,677       $ 60,655      $ 194,264   

Estimated future loan losses

     43,161         25,374         63,442        5,093   

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance

     22,652         —           985        21,667   

 

120


Table of Contents

SUPPLEMENTAL QUARTERLY INFORMATION (Unaudited)

The Company’s quarterly net revenues and income fluctuate primarily as a result of the pattern of student enrollments. The seasonality of the Company’s business has decreased over the last several years due to an increased percentage of students enrolling in online programs, which generally experience less seasonal fluctuations than campus-based programs. The Company’s first fiscal quarter is typically its lowest revenue recognition quarter due to student vacations.

The following table sets forth our quarterly results for fiscal years ended June 30, 2011, 2010, and 2009 (in thousands).

 

     Quarter Ended  
     September 30     December 31      March 31      June 30  

Fiscal 2009

          

Net revenues

   $ 434,228      $ 522,218       $ 535,438       $ 519,574   

Income before interest and income taxes

     32,754        107,160         107,589         71,267   

Income (loss) before income taxes

     (5,405     66,705         70,189         34,037   

Net income (loss)

     (3,302     42,301         44,127         21,279   
     Quarter Ended  
     September 30     December 31      March 31      June 30  

Fiscal 2010

          

Net revenues

   $ 534,399      $ 655,469       $ 667,896       $ 650,757   

Income before loss on extinguishment of debt, interest and income taxes

     61,752        109,692         139,630         107,736   

Income before income taxes

     25,423        34,540         109,252         80,932   

Net income

     15,762        20,274         84,570         47,900   
     Quarter Ended  
     September 30     December 31      March 31      June 30  

Fiscal 2011

          

Net revenues

   $ 666,032      $ 771,866       $ 754,340       $ 695,391   

Income before loss on extinguishment of debt, interest and income taxes

     86,671        175,397         144,921         94,285   

Income before income taxes

     59,220        138,432         113,457         58,103   

Net income

     36,448        85,278         72,983         34,799   

 

121


Table of Contents
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES

None.

 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company, under the supervision and participation of its management, which include the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of its “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). This evaluation was conducted as of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Effective controls are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. These controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports are accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; (2) provide reasonable assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2011. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment and those criteria, management has concluded that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2011.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2011 has been audited by Ernst and Young, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report set forth in the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in Part II, Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting.

There were no changes that occurred during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None

 

122


Table of Contents

PART III

 

ITEM 10 DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

The information required by this Item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Director Nominees,” “Executive Officers,” “Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings,” “Code of Business Ethics and Conduct,” “Board Committees,” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 11 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Summary Compensation Table,” “Non-Employee Director Compensation for Fiscal 2011,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Risk in Compensation Programs,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Employment Agreements” and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 12 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 13 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

The information required by this Item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Board Structure” and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 14 PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Audit, Audit-Related, Tax and All Other Fees” and “Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services” and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

123


Table of Contents

PART IV

 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)1. Financial Statements.

      Reference is made to Item 8 herein.

(a)2. Financial Statement Schedules.

      Reference is made to Item 8 herein.

(a)3. Exhibits.

      Reference is made to the Index on Page 126.

Schedules other than as listed above are omitted as not required or inapplicable or because the required information is provided in the consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto.

 

124


Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

Date: August 30, 2011     EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
      /s/    EDWARD H. WEST        
    Edward H. West
    President and Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/    TODD S. NELSON        

Todd S. Nelson

  

Chief Executive Officer and Director

    (Principal Executive Officer)

  August 30, 2011

/s/    RANDALL J. KILLEEN        

Randall J. Killeen

  

Vice President and Controller

    (Chief Accounting Officer)

  August 30, 2011

/s/    EDWARD H. WEST        

Edward H. West

  

President and Chief Financial Officer

    (Principal Financial Officer)

  August 30, 2011

/s/    JOHN R. MCKERNAN, JR.        

John R. McKernan, Jr.

  

Chairman of the Board of Directors

  August 30, 2011

/s/    MICK J. BEEKHUIZEN        

Mick J. Beekhuizen

  

Director

  August 30, 2011

/s/    SAMUEL C.COWLEY        

Samuel C. Cowley

  

Director

  August 30, 2011

/s/    ADRIAN M. JONES        

Adrian M. Jones

  

Director

  August 30, 2011

/s/    JEFFREY T. LEEDS        

Jeffrey T. Leeds

  

Director

  August 30, 2011

/s/    LEO F. MULLIN        

Leo F. Mullin

  

Director

  August 30, 2011

/s/    PAUL J. SALEM        

Paul J. Salem

  

Director

  August 30, 2011

/s/    PETER O. WILDE        

Peter O. Wilde

  

Director

  August 30, 2011

 

Joseph R. Wright

  

Director

  August 30, 2011

 

125


Table of Contents

Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit No.

  

Description

    3.1    Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2009)
    3.2    Amended and Restated By-Laws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2009)
    4.1    Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Education Management Corporation (File No. 333-148259))
    4.2    Indenture, dated as of June 1, 2006, among Education Management LLC, Education Management Finance Corp., the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York, as Trustee, governing the 8 3/4% Senior Notes due 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Education Management LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. (File No. 333-137605))
    4.3    Form of 8 3/4% Senior Note due 2014 (included as part of Exhibit 4.2)
  10.1    Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated February 13, 2007 among Education Management LLC, Education Management Holdings LLC, certain Subsidiaries of Education Management Holdings LLC, the designated Subsidiary Borrowers referred to therein, each lender thereto, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, as Syndication Agent, and BNP Paribas, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on February 14, 2007)
  10.2    First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated March 23, 2009 by and among Education Management LLC, Education Management Holdings, LLC, Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and BNP Paribas Securities Corp., as auction managers, BNP Paribas, as Administrative Agent and Issuing Bank, the guarantors listed on the signature papers thereto and the lenders listed on the signature papers thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on March 26, 2009)
  10.3    Joinder Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2009, by and among each Joinder Lender listed therein, each Issuing Bank listed therein, Education Management LLC, Education Management Holdings LLC, the guarantors listed therein and BNP Paribas, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Education Management Corporation (File No. 333-148259))
  10.4    Amendment and Restatement Agreement dated December 7, 2010 among Education Management LLC, Education Management Holdings LLC, certain Subsidiaries of Education Management Holdings LLC, the designated Subsidiary Borrowers referred to therein, each lender thereto, BNP Paribas (“BNP”), as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and BNP, Bank of America, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and PNC Bank National Association, each as Issuing Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management Corporation filed on December 7, 2010)
  10.5    Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2006, by and among EM Acquisition Corporation, GS Capital Partners V Fund, L.P., GS Capital Partners V Offshore Fund, L.P., GS Capital Partners V GmbH & Co. KG, GS Capital Partners V Institutional, L.P., Providence Equity Partners V L.P., Providence Equity Partners V-A L.P., Providence Equity Partners IV L.P., Providence Equity Operating Partners IV L.P. and the other shareholders that are signatory thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Education Management Corporation (File No. 333-148259))
  10.6    Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2009, by and among Education Management Corporation and each of the Shareholders named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2009)
  10.7    Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Education Management Corporation (File No. 333-148259))

 

126


Table of Contents

Exhibit No.

 

Description

  10.8**   EDMC Stock Option Plan, effective August 1, 2006, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Education Management LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. (File No. 333-137605)), amendments filed as Exhibit 10.01 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on March 15, 2007, Exhibit 10.01 to the Current Report on
Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on April 5, 2007 and Exhibit 10.01 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on July 5, 2007)
  10.9**   Form of Executive Time—Vested Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.07 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on December 13, 2006)
  10.10**   Form of Executive Performance—Vested Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.08 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on December 13, 2006)
  10.11**   Form of Amendment to Executive Performance—Vested Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management Corporation filed on May 5, 2011)
  10.12**   Education Management Corporation Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.01 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on March 2, 2007)
  10.13**   Education Management Corporation Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2009)
  10.14**   Form of Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2009)
  10.15**   Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2009)
  10.16**   Education Management LLC Retirement Plan, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2006 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.01 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on December 29, 2006)
  10.17**   Employment Agreement dated February 8, 2007 among Education Management LLC, Education Management Corporation and Todd S. Nelson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on February 14, 2007)
  10.18**   Employment Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2006, between Education Management Corporation and Edward H. West (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Education Management LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. (File No. 333-137605))
  10.19**   Employment Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2006, between Education Management LLC and Danny Finuf (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal year ended June 30, 2010)
  10.20**   Employment Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2006, between Education Management LLC and John M. Mazzoni (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on December 13, 2006)
  10.21**   Employment Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2006, between Education Management LLC and John T. South, III (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.04 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on December 13, 2006)
  10.22**   Letter Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2006, between Education Management LLC and John T. South, III (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on December 13, 2006)
  10.23**   Letter Agreement, dated March 30, 2007, between Education Management LLC and John T. South, III (incorporated by reference Exhibit 10.03 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on April 5, 2007)

 

127


Table of Contents

Exhibit No.

 

Description

  10.24**   Employment Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2006, between Education Management Corporation and John R. McKernan, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Education Management LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. (File No. 333-137605))
  10.25**   Letter Agreement, dated February 13, 2007, between Education Management Corporation and John R. McKernan, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.03 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on February 14, 2007)
  10.26**   Letter Agreement, dated June 28, 2007, between Education Management Corporation and John R. McKernan, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on July 5, 2007)
  10.27**   Employment Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2007, between Education Management LLC and Robert A. Carroll (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal year ended June 30, 2010)
  10.28**   Employment Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2009, between Education Management LLC and John R. Kline (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal year ended June 30, 2010)
  10.29**   Employment Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2006, between Education Management LLC and J. Devitt Kramer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal year ended June 30, 2010)
  10.30**   Employment Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2006, between Education Management LLC and Stacey R. Sauchuk (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.03 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Education Management LLC filed on December 13, 2006)
  10.31**   Employment Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2007, between Education Management LLC and Craig Swenson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal year ended June 30, 2010)
  10.32**   Employment Agreement, dated as of April 23, 2007, between Education Management LLC and Roberta Troike (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Education Management Corporation for its fiscal year ended June 30, 2010)
  12.1*   Statement re computation of ratios
  21.1*   List of Subsidiaries
  23.1*   Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
  31.1*   Certification of Todd S. Nelson required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  31.2*   Certification of Edward H. West required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32.1*   Certification of Todd S. Nelson required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32.2*   Certification of Edward H. West required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101*   Interactive Data File

 

* Filed herewith. All other exhibits were previously filed.
** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 

128