0000950123-11-025152.txt : 20110314 0000950123-11-025152.hdr.sgml : 20110314 20110314145643 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950123-11-025152 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 6-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 4 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20110314 FILED AS OF DATE: 20110314 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20110314 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: TOTAL SA CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000879764 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS [1311] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 6-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-10888 FILM NUMBER: 11685165 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2 PLACE DE LA COUPOLE STREET 2: LA DEFENSE 92078 CITY: PARIS FRANCE STATE: I0 ZIP: 00000 BUSINESS PHONE: 2129693300 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2 PLACE DE LA COUPOLE STREET 2: LA DEFENSE 92078 CITY: PARIS FRANCE STATE: I0 ZIP: 00000 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: TOTAL FINA ELF SA DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20001010 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: TOTAL FINA SA DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19990713 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: TOTAL DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19960103 6-K 1 y03432e6vk.htm SHELF 6-K e6vk
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 6-K
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
March 14, 2011
Commission File Number 001-10888
TOTAL S.A.
(Translation of registrant’s name into English)
2, place Jean Millier
La Défense 6
92400 Courbevoie
France
(Address of principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F þ      Form 40-F o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): o
Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submitted solely to provide an attached annual report to security holders.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): o
Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submitted to furnish a report or other document that the registrant foreign private issuer must furnish and make public under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the registrant is incorporated, domiciled or legally organized (the registrant’s “home country”), or under the rules of the home country exchange on which the registrant’s securities are traded, as long as the report or other document is not a press release, is not required to be and has not been distributed to the registrant’s security holders, and, if discussing a material event, has already been the subject of a Form 6-K submission or other Commission filing on EDGAR.
Indicate by check mark whether by furnishing the information contained in this Form, the registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes o          No þ
(If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b): 82-          .)
 
 

 


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TOTAL S.A. (“TOTAL”) is providing on this Form 6-K its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010, and the notes thereto, together with the report of Ernst & Young Audit and KPMG S.A. thereon. The information contained in this Form 6-K should be read in conjunction with the discussion of the financial information concerning TOTAL and its subsidiaries and affiliates with respect to the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2010, in TOTAL’s Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 18, 2011.

 


 


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
         
  TOTAL S.A.
 
 
Date: March 14, 2011  By:   /s/ JEROME SCHMITT    
    Name:   Jérôme SCHMITT   
    Title:   Treasurer   

 


Table of Contents

         
Exhibit Index
     
Exhibit 99.1
  Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms
 
   
Exhibit 99.2
  Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2010, and notes thereto

 

EX-99.1 2 y03432exv99w1.htm EX-99.1:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS exv99w1
Exhibit 99.1
         
 
  KPMG Audit
A division of KPMG S.A.
  ERNST & YOUNG
Audit
 
       
 
  1, cours Valmy   Faubourg de l’Arche
 
  92923 Paris La Défense Cedex   11, allée de l’Arche
      92037 Paris La Défense
 
      Cedex
TOTAL S.A.
Registered office: 2, Place Jean Millier — La Défense 6 — 92400
Courbevoie
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms on the
Consolidated Financial Statements
Year ended December 31, 2010
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TOTAL S.A. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, and the consolidated results of its operations and its consolidated cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union and in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
As discussed in the Introduction of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its accounting policy regarding jointly controlled entities under standard IAS 31 “Interests in Joint Ventures”.
Paris La Défense, March 10, 2011
             
KPMG Audit
A division of KPMG S.A.
  ERNST & YOUNG Audit
 
/s/ JAY NIRSIMLOO
  /s/ PASCAL MACIOCE   /s/ LAURENT VITSE    
 
           
Jay Nirsimloo
  Pascal Macioce   Laurent Vitse    
Partner
  Partner   Partner    

EX-99.2 3 y03432exv99w2.htm EX-99.2:CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010, AND NOTES THERETO exv99w2
Exhibit 99.2
Consolidated statement of income
TOTAL
                                 
For the year ended December 31,                          
(M€)(a)           2010     2009     2008  
 
Sales
  (Notes 4 & 5)     159,269       131,327       179,976  
Excise taxes
            (18,793 )     (19,174 )     (19,645 )
Revenues from sales
            140,476       112,153       160,331  
 
                               
Purchases net of inventory variation
  (Note 6)     (93,171 )     (71,058 )     (111,024 )
Other operating expenses
  (Note 6)     (19,135 )     (18,591 )     (19,101 )
Exploration costs
  (Note 6)     (864 )     (698 )     (764 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
            (8,421 )     (6,682 )     (5,755 )
Other income
  (Note 7)     1,396       314       369  
Other expense
  (Note 7)     (900 )     (600 )     (554 )
 
                               
Financial interest on debt
            (465 )     (530 )     (1,000 )
Financial income from marketable securities & cash equivalents
            131       132       473  
Cost of net debt
  (Note 29)     (334 )     (398 )     (527 )
 
                               
Other financial income
  (Note 8)     442       643       728  
Other financial expense
  (Note 8)     (407 )     (345 )     (325 )
 
                               
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates
  (Note 12)     1,953       1,642       1,721  
 
                               
Income taxes
  (Note 9)     (10,228 )     (7,751 )     (14,146 )
 
Consolidated net income
            10,807       8,629       10,953  
 
Group share
            10,571       8,447       10,590  
Minority interests
            236       182       363  
 
 
                               
Earnings per share (€)
            4.73       3.79       4.74  
Fully-diluted earnings per share (€)
            4.71       3.78       4.71  
 
 
(a)   Except for per share amounts.

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Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
TOTAL
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
 
                       
Consolidated net income
    10,807       8,629       10,953  
 
 
                       
Other comprehensive income
                       
Currency translation adjustment
    2,231       (244 )     (722 )
Available for sale financial assets
    (100 )     38       (254 )
Cash flow hedge
    (80 )     128        
Share of other comprehensive income of associates, net amount
    302       234       173  
Other
    (7 )     (5 )     1  
 
                       
Tax effect
    28       (38 )     30  
 
 
                       
Total other comprehensive income (net amount) (note 17)
    2,374       113       (772 )
 
 
                       
Comprehensive income
    13,181       8,742       10,181  
 
- Group share
    12,936       8,500       9,852  
- Minority interests
    245       242       329  

Page 2


 

Consolidated balance sheet
TOTAL
                                 
As of December 31,                          
(M€)           2010     2009     2008  
 
ASSETS
                               
 
                               
Non-current assets
                               
Intangible assets, net
  (Notes 5 & 10)     8,917       7,514       5,341  
Property, plant and equipment, net
  (Notes 5 & 11)     54,964       51,590       46,142  
Equity affiliates: investments and loans
  (Note 12)     11,516       13,624       14,668  
Other investments
  (Note 13)     4,590       1,162       1,165  
Hedging instruments of non-current financial debt
  (Note 20)     1,870       1,025       892  
Other non-current assets
  (Note 14)     3,655       3,081       3,044  
 
Total non-current assets
            85,512       77,996       71,252  
 
                               
Current assets
                               
Inventories, net
  (Note 15)     15,600       13,867       9,621  
Accounts receivable, net
  (Note 16)     18,159       15,719       15,287  
Other current assets
  (Note 16)     7,483       8,198       9,642  
Current financial assets
  (Note 20)     1,205       311       187  
Cash and cash equivalents
  (Note 27)     14,489       11,662       12,321  
 
Total current assets
            56,936       49,757       47,058  
 
Assets classified as held for sale
  (Note 34)     1,270              
 
Total assets
            143,718       127,753       118,310  
 
 
                               
LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                               
 
                               
Shareholders’ equity
                               
Common shares
            5,874       5,871       5,930  
Paid-in surplus and retained earnings
            60,538       55,372       52,947  
Currency translation adjustment
            (2,495 )     (5,069 )     (4,876 )
Treasury shares
            (3,503 )     (3,622 )     (5,009 )
 
Total shareholders’ equity — Group share
  (Note 17)     60,414       52,552       48,992  
 
Minority interests
            857       987       958  
 
Total shareholders’ equity
            61,271       53,539       49,950  
 
                               
Non-current liabilities
                               
Deferred income taxes
  (Note 9)     9,947       8,948       7,973  
Employee benefits
  (Note 18)     2,171       2,040       2,011  
Provisions and other non-current liabilities
  (Note 19)     9,098       9,381       7,858  
 
Total non-current liabilities
            21,216       20,369       17,842  
 
Non-current financial debt
  (Note 20)     20,783       19,437       16,191  
 
                               
Current liabilities
                               
Accounts payable
            18,450       15,383       14,815  
Other creditors and accrued liabilities
  (Note 21)     11,989       11,908       11,632  
Current borrowings
  (Note 20)     9,653       6,994       7,722  
Other current financial liabilities
  (Note 20)     159       123       158  
 
Total current liabilities
            40,251       34,408       34,327  
 
Liabilities directly associated with the assets classified as held for sale
  (Note 34)     197              
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
            143,718       127,753       118,310  
 

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Consolidated statement of cash flow
TOTAL
(Note 27)
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
 
                       
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                       
Consolidated net income
    10,807       8,629       10,953  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    9,117       7,107       6,197  
Non-current liabilities, valuation allowances, and deferred taxes
    527       441       (150 )
Impact of coverage of pension benefit plans
    (60 )           (505 )
(Gains) losses on disposals of assets
    (1,046 )     (200 )     (257 )
Undistributed affiliates’ equity earnings
    (470 )     (378 )     (311 )
(Increase) decrease in working capital
    (496 )     (3,316 )     2,571  
Other changes, net
    114       77       171  
 
Cash flow from operating activities
    18,493       12,360       18,669  
 
                       
CASH FLOW USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
                       
Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment additions
    (13,812 )     (11,849 )     (11,861 )
Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired
    (862 )     (160 )     (559 )
Investments in equity affiliates and other securities
    (654 )     (400 )     (416 )
Increase in non-current loans
    (945 )     (940 )     (804 )
Total expenditures
    (16,273 )     (13,349 )     (13,640 )
Proceeds from disposals of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment
    1,534       138       130  
Proceeds from disposals of subsidiaries, net of cash sold
    310             88  
Proceeds from disposals of non-current investments
    1,608       2,525       1,233  
Repayment of non-current loans
    864       418       1,134  
Total divestments
    4,316       3,081       2,585  
 
Cash flow used in investing activities
    (11,957 )     (10,268 )     (11,055 )
 
                       
CASH FLOW USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES
                       
Issuance (repayment) of shares:
                       
- Parent company shareholders
    41       41       262  
- Treasury shares
    49       22       (1,189 )
- Minority shareholders
                (4 )
Dividends paid:
                       
- Parent company shareholders
    (5,098 )     (5,086 )     (4,945 )
- Minority shareholders
    (152 )     (189 )     (213 )
Other transactions with minority shareholders
    (429 )            
Net issuance (repayment) of non-current debt
    3,789       5,522       3,009  
Increase (decrease) in current borrowings
    (731 )     (3,124 )     1,437  
Increase (decrease) in current financial assets and liabilities
    (817 )     (54 )     850  
 
Cash flow used in financing activities
    (3,348 )     (2,868 )     (793 )
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    3,188       (776 )     6,821  
 
Effect of exchange rates
    (361 )     117       (488 )
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
    11,662       12,321       5,988  
 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
    14,489       11,662       12,321  
 

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Consolidated statement of changes in shareholders’ equity
TOTAL
                                                                         
                    Paid-in                                            
                    surplus and     Currency                     Shareholders’             Total  
    Common shares issued     retained     translation     Treasury shares     equity — Group     Minority     shareholders’  
(M€)   Number     Amount     earnings     adjustment     Number     Amount     share     interests     equity  
 
As of January 1, 2008
    2,395,532,097       5,989       48,797       (4,396 )     (151,421,232 )     (5,532 )     44,858       842       45,700  
 
Net income 2008
                10,590                         10,590       363       10,953  
Other comprehensive income (Note 17)
                (258 )     (480 )                 (738 )     (34 )     (772 )
Comprehensive income
                10,332       (480 )                 9,852       329       10,181  
Dividend
                (4,945 )                       (4,945 )     (213 )     (5,158 )
Issuance of common shares (Note 17)
    6,275,977       16       246                         262             262  
Purchase of treasury shares
                            (27,600,000 )     (1,339 )     (1,339 )           (1,339 )
Sale of treasury shares(a)
                (71 )           5,939,137       221       150             150  
Share-based payments (Note 25)
                154                             154             154  
Other operations with minority interests
                                                         
Share cancellation (Note 17)
    (30,000,000 )     (75 )     (1,566 )           30,000,000       1,641                    
Transactions with shareholders
    (23,724,023 )     (59 )     (6,182 )           8,339,137       523       (5,718 )     (213 )     (5,931 )
As of December 31, 2008
    2,371,808,074       5,930       52,947       (4,876 )     (143,082,095 )     (5,009 )     48,992       958       49,950  
 
Net income 2009
                8,447                         8,447       182       8,629  
Other comprehensive income (Note 17)
                246       (193 )                 53       60       113  
Comprehensive income
                8,693       (193 )                 8,500       242       8,742  
Dividend
                (5,086 )                       (5,086 )     (189 )     (5,275 )
Issuance of common shares (Note 17)
    1,414,810       3       38                         41             41  
Purchase of treasury shares
                                                     
Sale of treasury shares(a)
                (143 )           2,874,905       165       22             22  
Share-based payments (Note 25)
                106                         106             106  
Other operations with minority interests
                (23 )                       (23 )     (24 )     (47 )
Share cancellation (Note 17)
    (24,800,000 )     (62 )     (1,160 )           24,800,000       1,222                    
Transactions with shareholders
    (23,385,190 )     (59 )     (6,268 )           27,674,905       1,387       (4,940 )     (213 )     (5,153 )
As of December 31, 2009
    2,348,422,884       5,871       55,372       (5,069 )     (115,407,190 )     (3,622 )     52,552       987       53,539  
 
Net income 2010
                10,571                         10,571       236       10,807  
Other comprehensive income (Note 17)
                (216 )     2,581                   2,365       9       2,374  
Comprehensive income
                10,355       2,581                   12,936       245       13,181  
Dividend
                (5,098 )                       (5,098 )     (152 )     (5,250 )
Issuance of common shares (Note 17)
    1,218,047       3       38                         41             41  
Purchase of treasury shares
                                                     
Sale of treasury shares(a)
                (70 )           2,919,511       119       49             49  
Share-based payments (Note 25)
                140                         140             140  
Other operations with minority interests
                (199 )     (7 )                 (206 )     (223 )     (429 )
Share cancellation (Note 17)
                                                     
Transactions with shareholders
    1,218,047       3       (5,189 )     (7 )     2,919,511       119       (5,074 )     (375 )     (5,449 )
 
As of December 31, 2010
    2,349,640,931       5,874       60,538       (2,495 )     (112,487,679 )     (3,503 )     60,414       857       61,271  
 
 
(a)   Treasury shares related to the stock option purchase plans and restricted stock grants.

Page 5


 

TOTAL
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
On February 10, 2011, the Board of Directors established and authorized the publication of the Consolidated Financial Statements of TOTAL S.A. for the year ended December 31, 2010, which will be submitted for approval to the shareholders’ meeting to be held on May 13, 2011.
Introduction
The Consolidated Financial Statements of TOTAL S.A. and its subsidiaries (the Group) are presented in Euros and have been prepared on the basis of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) as adopted by the European Union and IFRS as issued by the IASB (International Accounting Standard Board) as of December 31, 2010.
The accounting principles applied in the Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2010 were the same as those that were used as of December 31, 2009 except for amendments and interpretations of IFRS which were mandatory for the periods beginning after January 1, 2010 (and not early adopted). Their adoption has no material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2010.
Among these new standards or interpretations effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2010, the revised versions of IFRS 3 “Business Combinations” and IAS 27 “Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements” should be noted. These revised standards introduce new provisions regarding the accounting for business combinations. Their application is prospective.
In addition, as of January 1, 2010, jointly-controlled entities are consolidated under the equity method, as provided for in the alternative method of IAS 31 “Interests in Joint Ventures”. Until December 31, 2009, these entities were consolidated under the proportionate consolidation method. This change involves two entities and is not material (see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities at the date of preparation of the financial statements and reported income and expenses for the period. The management reviews these estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis, by reference to past experience and various other factors considered as reasonable which form the basis for assessing the carrying amount of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates, if different assumptions or circumstances apply. These judgments and estimates relate principally to the application of the successful efforts method for the oil and gas accounting, the valuation of long-lived assets, the provisions for asset retirement obligations and environmental remediation, the pensions and post-retirements benefits and the income tax computation.
Furthermore, where the accounting treatment of a specific transaction is not addressed by any accounting standard or interpretation, the management applies its judgment to define and apply accounting policies that will lead to relevant and reliable information, so that the financial statements:
    give a true and fair view of the Group’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows;
 
    reflect the substance of transactions;
 
    are neutral;
 
    are prepared on a prudent basis; and
 
    are complete in all material aspects.

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1) Accounting policies
Pursuant to the accrual basis of accounting followed by the Group, the financial statements reflect the effects of transactions and other events when they occur. Assets and liabilities such as property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are usually measured at amortized cost. Financial assets and liabilities are usually measured at fair value.
Accounting policies used by the Group are described below:
A) Principles of consolidation
Subsidiaries that are directly controlled by the parent company or indirectly controlled by other consolidated subsidiaries are fully consolidated.
Investments in jointly-controlled entities are consolidated under the equity method. The Group accounts for jointly-controlled operations and jointly-controlled assets by recognising its share of assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
Investments in associates, in which the Group has significant influence, are accounted for by the equity method. Significant influence is presumed when the Group holds, directly or indirectly (e.g. through subsidiaries), 20% or more of the voting rights. Companies in which ownership interest is less than 20%, but over which the Company is deemed to exercise significant influence, are also accounted for by the equity method.
All significant intercompany balances, transactions and income are eliminated.
B) Business combinations
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. This method implies the recognition of the acquired identifiable assets, assumed liabilities and any minority interest in the companies acquired by the Group at their fair value.
The acquirer shall recognize goodwill at the acquisition date, being the excess of:
    The consideration transferred, the amount of minority interest and, in business combinations achieved in stages, the fair value at the acquisition date of the investment previously held in the acquired company
 
    Over the fair value at the acquisition date of acquired identifiable assets and assumed liabilities.
If the consideration transferred is lower than the fair value of acquired identifiable assets and assumed liabilities, an additional analysis is performed on the identification and valuation of the identifiable elements of the assets and liabilities. Any residual badwill is recorded as income.
In transactions with minority interests, the difference between the price paid (received) and the book value of minority interests acquired (sold) is recognized directly in equity.
The analysis of goodwill is finalized within one year from the acquisition date.
Non-monetary contributions by venturers to a jointly-controlled entity in exchange for an equity interest in the jointly-controlled entity are accounted for by applying guidance provided in SIC 13 “Jointly Controlled Entities — Non-Monetary Contributions by Venturers”. A gain or loss on disposal of the previously held investment is recorded up to the share of the co-venturer in the jointly controlled entity.
C) Foreign currency translation
The financial statements of subsidiaries are prepared in the currency that most clearly reflects their business environment. This is referred to as their functional currency.
(i)   Monetary transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate on the transaction date. At each balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the closing rate and the resulting exchange differences are recognized in “Other income” or “Other expenses”.
(ii)   Translation of financial statements denominated in foreign currencies
Assets and liabilities of foreign entities are translated into euros on the basis of the exchange rates at the end of the period. The income and cash flow statements are translated using the average exchange rates for the period. Foreign exchange differences resulting from such translations are either recorded in shareholders’ equity under “Currency translation adjustments” (for the Group share) or under “Minority interests” (for the minority share) as deemed appropriate.

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D) Sales and revenues from sales
Revenues from sales are recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been passed to the buyer and when the amount is recoverable and can be reasonably measured. Sales figures include excise taxes collected by the Group within the course of its oil distribution operations. Excise taxes are deducted from sales in order to obtain the “Revenues from sales” indicator.
Revenues from sales of crude oil, natural gas and coal are recorded upon transfer of title, according to the terms of the sales contracts.
Revenues from the production of crude oil and natural gas properties, in which the Group has an interest with other producers, are recognized based on actual volumes sold during the period. Any difference between volumes sold and entitlement volumes, based on the Group net working interest, is recognized as “Crude oil and natural gas inventories” or “Accounts receivable, net” or “Accounts payable”, as appropriate.
Revenues from gas transport are recognized when services are rendered. These revenues are based on the quantities transported and measured according to procedures defined in each service contract.
Revenues from sales of electricity are recorded upon transfer of ownership, according to the terms of the related contracts.
Revenues from services are recognized when the services have been rendered.
Shipping revenues and expenses from time-charter activities are recognized on a pro rata basis over a period that commences upon the unloading of the previous voyage and terminates upon the unloading of the current voyage. Shipping revenue recognition starts only when a charter has been agreed to by both the Group and the customer.
Oil and gas sales are inclusive of quantities delivered that represent production royalties and taxes, when paid in cash, and outside the United States and Canada.
Certain transactions within the trading activities (contracts involving quantities that are purchased to third parties then resold to third parties) are shown at their net value in sales.
Exchanges of crude oil and petroleum products within normal trading activities do not generate any income and therefore these flows are shown at their net value in both the statement of income and the balance sheet.
E) Share-based payments
The Group may grant employees stock options, create employee share purchase plans and offer its employees the opportunity to subscribe to reserved capital increases. These employee benefits are recognized as expenses with a corresponding credit to shareholders’ equity.
The expense is equal to the fair value of the instruments granted. The fair value of the options is calculated using the Black-Scholes model at the grant date. The expense is recognized on a straight-line basis between the grant date and vesting date.
For restricted share plans, the expense is calculated using the market price at the grant date after deducting the expected distribution rate during the vesting period.
The cost of employee-reserved capital increases is immediately expensed. A discount reduces the expense in order to account for the nontransferability of the shares awarded to the employees over a period of five years.
F) Income taxes
Income taxes disclosed in the statement of income include the current tax expenses and the deferred tax expenses.
The Group uses the liability method whereby deferred income taxes are recorded based on the temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities recorded in the balance sheet and their tax bases, and on carry-forwards of unused tax losses and tax credits.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date. The tax rates used depend on the timing of reversals of temporary differences, tax losses and other tax credits. The effect of a change in tax rate is recognized either in the Consolidated Statement of Income or in shareholders’ equity depending on the item it relates to.
Deferred tax assets are recognized when future recovery is probable.
Asset retirement obligations and finance leases give rise to the recognition of assets and liabilities for accounting purposes as described in paragraph K “Leases” and paragraph Q “Asset retirement obligations” of this Note. Deferred income taxes resulting from temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of such assets and liabilities are recognized.

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Deferred tax liabilities resulting from temporary differences between the carrying amounts of equity-method investments and their tax bases are recognized. The deferred tax calculation is based on the expected future tax effect (dividend distribution rate or tax rate on the gain or loss upon disposal of these investments).
G) Earnings per share
Earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income (Group share) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding TOTAL shares held by TOTAL S.A. (Treasury shares) and TOTAL shares held by the Group subsidiaries which are deducted from consolidated shareholders’ equity.
Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income (Group share) by the fully-diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Treasury shares held by the parent company, TOTAL S.A., and TOTAL shares held by the Group subsidiaries are deducted from consolidated shareholders’ equity. These shares are not considered outstanding for purposes of this calculation which also takes into account the dilutive effect of stock options, restricted share grants and capital increases with a subscription period closing after the end of the fiscal year.
The weighted-average number of fully-diluted shares is calculated in accordance with the treasury stock method provided for by IAS 33. The proceeds, which would be recovered in the event of an exercise of rights related to dilutive instruments, are presumed to be a share buyback at the average market price over the period. The number of shares thereby obtained leads to a reduction in the total number of shares that would result from the exercise of rights.
H) Oil and gas exploration and producing properties and mining activity
The Group applies IFRS 6 “Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources”. Oil and gas exploration and production properties and assets are accounted for in accordance with the successful efforts method.
     (i) Exploration costs
Geological and geophysical costs, including seismic surveys for exploration purposes are expensed as incurred.
Mineral interests are capitalized as intangible assets when acquired. These acquired interests are tested for impairment on a regular basis, property-by-property, based on the results of the exploratory activity and the management’s evaluation.
In the event of a discovery, the unproved mineral interests are transferred to proved mineral interests at their net book value as soon as proved reserves are booked.
Exploratory wells are tested for impairment on a well-by-well basis and accounted for as follows:
  Costs of exploratory wells which result in proved reserves are capitalized and then depreciated using the unit-of-production method based on proved developed reserves;
 
  Costs of dry exploratory wells and wells that have not found proved reserves are charged to expense;
 
  Costs of exploratory wells are temporarily capitalized until a determination is made as to whether the well has found proved reserves if both of the following conditions are met:
    The well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well, if appropriate, assuming that the required capital expenditures are made;
 
    The Group is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. This progress is evaluated on the basis of indicators such as whether additional exploratory works are under way or firmly planned (wells, seismic or significant studies), whether costs are being incurred for development studies and whether the Group is waiting for governmental or other third-party authorization of a proposed project, or availability of capacity on an existing transport or processing facility.
Costs of exploratory wells not meeting these conditions are charged to expense.
     (ii) Oil and Gas producing assets
Development costs incurred for the drilling of development wells and for the construction of production facilities are capitalized, together with borrowing costs incurred during the period of construction and the present value of estimated future costs of asset retirement obligations. The depletion rate is usually equal to the ratio of oil and gas production for the period to proved developed reserves (unit-of-production method).
With respect to production sharing contracts, this computation is based on the portion of production and reserves assigned to the Group taking into account estimates based on the contractual clauses regarding the reimbursement of exploration, development and production costs (cost oil) as well as the sharing of hydrocarbon rights (profit oil).
Transportation assets are depreciated using the unit-of-production method based on throughput or by using the straight-line method whichever best reflects the economic life of the asset.
Proved mineral interests are depreciated using the unit-of-production method based on proved reserves.

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     (iii) Mining activity
Before an assessment can be made on the existence of resources, exploration costs, including studies and core drilling campaigns as a whole, are expensed.
When the assessment concludes that resources exist, the costs engaged subsequently to this assessment are capitalized temporarily while waiting for the field final development decision, if a positive decision is highly probable. Otherwise, these costs are expensed.
Once the development decision is taken, the predevelopment costs capitalized temporarily are integrated with the cost of development and depreciated from the start of production at the same pace than development assets.
Mining development costs include the initial stripping costs and all costs incurred to access resources, and particularly the costs of:
    Surface infrastructures;
 
    Machinery and mobile equipment which are significantly costly;
 
    Utilities and off-sites.
These costs are capitalized and depreciated either on a straight line basis or depleted using the UOP method from the start of production.
I) Goodwill and other intangible assets excluding mineral interests
Other intangible assets include goodwill, patents, trademarks, and lease rights.
Intangible assets are carried at cost, after deducting any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
Guidance for calculating goodwill is presented in Note 1 paragraph B to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually or as soon as there is any indication of impairment (see Note 1 paragraph L to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In equity affiliates, goodwill is included in the investment book value.
Other intangible assets (except goodwill) have a finite useful life and are amortized on a straight-line basis over 3 to 20 years depending on the useful life of the assets.
Research and development
Research costs are charged to expense as incurred.
Development expenses are capitalized when the following can be demonstrated:
  the technical feasibility of the project and the availability of the adequate resources for the completion of the intangible asset;
 
  the ability of the asset to generate probable future economic benefits;
 
  the ability to measure reliably the expenditures attributable to the asset; and
 
  the feasibility and intention of the Group to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it.
Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred.
J) Other property, plant and equipment
Other property, plant and equipment are carried at cost, after deducting any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. This cost includes borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or production of a qualifying asset incurred until assets are placed in service. Borrowing costs are capitalized as follows:
    if the project benefits from a specific funding, the capitalization of borrowing costs is based on the borrowing rate;
 
    if the project is financed by all the Group’s debt, the capitalization of borrowing costs is based on the weighted average borrowing cost for the period.
Routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The costs of major turnarounds of refineries and large petrochemical units are capitalized as incurred and depreciated over the period of time between two consecutive major turnarounds.

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Other property, plant and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over their useful lives, which are as follows:
         
  Furniture, office equipment, machinery and tools   3-12 years
 
       
  Transportation equipments   5-20 years
 
       
  Storage tanks and related equipment   10-15 years
 
       
  Specialized complex installations and pipelines   10-30 years
 
       
  Buildings   10-50 years
K) Leases
A finance lease transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership from the lessor to the lessee. These contracts are capitalized as assets at fair value or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments according to the contract. A corresponding financial debt is recognized as a financial liability. These assets are depreciated over the corresponding useful life used by the Group.
Leases that are not finance leases as defined above are recorded as operating leases.
Certain arrangements do not take the legal form of a lease but convey the right to use an asset or a group of assets in return for fixed payments. Such arrangements are accounted for as leases and are analyzed to determine whether they should be classified as operating leases or as finance leases.
L) Impairment of long-lived assets
The recoverable amounts of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment as soon as any indication of impairment exists. This test is performed at least annually for goodwill.
The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value (less costs to sell) or its value in use.
Assets are grouped into cash-generating units (or CGUs) and tested. A cash-generating unit is a homogeneous group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other groups of assets.
The value in use of a CGU is determined by reference to the discounted expected future cash flows, based upon the management’s expectation of future economic and operating conditions. If this value is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss on property, plant and equipment and mineral interests, or on other intangible assets, is recognized either in “Depreciation, depletion and amortization of property, plant and equipment and mineral interests” or in “Other expense”, respectively. This impairment loss is first allocated to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill.
Impairment losses recognized in prior periods can be reversed up to the original carrying amount, had the impairment loss not been recognized. Impairment losses recognized for goodwill cannot be reversed.
M) Financial assets and liabilities
Financial assets and liabilities are financial loans and receivables, investments in non-consolidated companies, publicly traded equity securities, derivatives instruments and current and non-current financial liabilities.
The accounting treatment of these financial assets and liabilities is as follows:
(i) Loans and receivables
Financial loans and receivables are recognized at amortized cost. They are tested for impairment, by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to estimates of the discounted future recoverable cash flows. These tests are conducted as soon as there is any evidence that their fair value is less than their carrying amount, and at least annually. Any impairment loss is recorded in the statement of income.
(ii) Other investments
These assets are classified as financial assets available for sale and therefore measured at their fair value. For listed securities, this fair value is equal to the market price. For unlisted securities, if the fair value is not reliably determinable, securities are recorded at their historical value. Changes in fair value are recorded in shareholders’ equity. If there is any evidence of a significant or long-lasting impairment loss, a loss is recorded in the Statement of Income. This impairment is reversed in the statement of income only when the securities are sold.
(iii) Derivative instruments
The Group uses derivative instruments to manage its exposure to risks of changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. Changes in fair value of derivative instruments are recognized in the statement of income or in shareholders’ equity and are recognized in the balance sheet in the accounts corresponding to their nature,

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according to the risk management strategy described in Note 31 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The derivative instruments used by the Group are the following:
  Cash management
Financial instruments used for cash management purposes are part of a hedging strategy of currency and interest rate risks within global limits set by the Group and are considered to be used for transactions (held for trading). Changes in fair value are systematically recorded in the statement of income. The balance sheet value of those instruments is included in “Current financial assets” or “Other current financial liabilities”.
  Long-term financing
When an external long-term financing is set up, specifically to finance subsidiaries, and when this financing involves currency and interest rate derivatives, these instruments are qualified as:
  i.   Fair value hedge of the interest rate risk on the external debt and of the currency risk of the loans to subsidiaries. Changes in fair value of derivatives are recognized in the statement of income as are changes in fair value of underlying financial debts and loans to subsidiaries.
 
      The fair value of those hedging instruments of long-term financing is included in the assets under “Hedging instruments on non-current financial debt” or in the liabilities under “Non-current financial debt “for the non-current portion. The current portion (less than one year) is accounted for in “Current financial assets” or “Other current financial liabilities”.
 
      In case of the anticipated termination of derivative instruments accounted for as fair value hedges, the amount paid or received is recognized in the statement of income and:
    If this termination is due to an early cancellation of the hedged items, the adjustment previously recorded as revaluation of those hedged items is also recognized in the statement of income;
 
    If the hedged items remain in the balance sheet, the adjustment previously recorded as a revaluation of those hedged items is spread over the remaining life of those items.
  ii.   Cash flow hedge of the currency risk of the external debt. Changes in fair value are recorded in equity for the effective portion of the hedging and in the statement of income for the ineffective portion of the hedging. Amounts recorded in equity are transferred to the income statement when the hedged transaction affects profit or loss.
 
      The fair value of those hedging instruments of long-term financing is included in the assets under “Hedging instruments on non-current financial debt” or in the liabilities under “Non-current financial debt” for the non-current portion. The current portion (less than one year) is accounted for in “Current financial assets” or “Other current financial liabilities”.
 
      If the hedging instrument expires, is sold or terminated by anticipation, gains or losses previously recognized in equity remain in equity. Amounts are recycled in the income statement only when the hedged transaction affects profit or loss.
  Foreign subsidiaries’ equity hedge
Certain financial instruments hedge against risks related to the equity of foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the euro (mainly the dollar). These instruments qualify as “net investment hedges”. Changes in fair value are recorded in shareholders’ equity.
The fair value of these instruments is recorded under “Current financial assets” or “Other current financial liabilities”.
  Financial instruments related to commodity contracts
Financial instruments related to commodity contracts, including crude oil, petroleum products, gas, power and coal purchase/sales contracts within the trading activities, together with the commodity contract derivative instruments such as energy contracts and forward freight agreements, are used to adjust the Group’s exposure to price fluctuations within global trading limits. These instruments are considered, according to the industry practice, as held for trading. Changes in fair value are recorded in the statement of income. The fair value of these instruments is recorded in “Other current assets” or “Other creditors and accrued liabilities” depending on whether they are assets or liabilities.
Detailed information about derivatives positions is disclosed in Notes 20, 28, 29, 30 and 31 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(iv) Current and non-current financial liabilities
Current and non-current financial liabilities (excluding derivatives) are recognized at amortized cost, except those for which a hedge accounting can be applied as described in the previous paragraph.

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(v) Fair value of financial instruments
Fair values are estimated for the majority of the Group’s financial instruments, with the exception of publicly traded equity securities and marketable securities for which the market price is used.
Estimated fair values, which are based on principles such as discounting future cash flows to present value, must be weighted by the fact that the value of a financial instrument at a given time may be influenced by the market environment (liquidity especially), and also the fact that subsequent changes in interest rates and exchange rates are not taken into account.
As a consequence, the use of different estimates, methodologies and assumptions could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
The methods used are as follows:
  Financial debts, swaps
The market value of swaps and of bonds that are hedged by those swaps has been determined on an individual basis by discounting future cash flows with the zero coupon interest rate curves existing at year-end.
  Financial instruments related to commodity contracts
The valuation methodology is to mark to market all open positions for both physical and derivative transactions. The valuations are determined on a daily basis using observable market data based on organized and over the counter (OTC) markets. In particular cases when market data are not directly available, the valuations are derived from observable data such as arbitrages, freight or spreads and market corroboration. For valuation of risks which are the result of a calculation, such as options for example, commonly known models are used to compute the fair value.
  Other financial instruments
The fair value of the interest rate swaps and of FRA (Forward Rate Agreement) are calculated by discounting future cash flows on the basis of zero coupon interest rate curves existing at year-end after adjustment for interest accrued but unpaid.
Forward exchange contracts and currency swaps are valued on the basis of a comparison of the negociated forward rates with the rates in effect on the financial markets at year-end for similar maturities.
Exchange options are valued based on the Garman-Kohlhagen model including market quotations at year-end.
  Fair value hierarchy
IFRS 7 “Financial instruments: disclosures”, amended in 2009, introduces a fair value hierarchy for financial instruments and proposes the following three-level classification :
    level 1: quotations for assets and liabilities (identical to the ones that are being valued) obtained at the valuation date on an active market to which the entity has access;
 
    level 2: the entry data are observable data but do not correspond to quotations for identical assets or liabilities;
 
    level 3: the entry data are not observable data. For example: these data come from extrapolation. This level applies when there is no market or observable data and the company has to use its own hypotheses to estimate the data that other market players would have used to determine the fair value of the asset.
Fair value hierarchy is disclosed in Notes 29 and 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
N) Inventories
Inventories are measured in the Consolidated Financial Statements at the lower of historical cost or market value. Costs for petroleum and petrochemical products are determined according to the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) method and other inventories are measured using the weighted-average cost method.
Downstream (Refining — Marketing)
Petroleum product inventories are mainly comprised of crude oil and refined products. Refined products principally consist of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil and heating oil produced by the Group’s refineries. The turnover of petroleum products does not exceed two months on average.
Crude oil costs include raw material and receiving costs. Refining costs principally include the crude oil costs, production costs (energy, labor, depreciation of producing assets) and allocation of production overhead (taxes, maintenance, insurance, etc.). Start-up costs and general administrative costs are excluded from the cost price of refined products.
Chemicals

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Costs of chemical products inventories consist of raw material costs, direct labor costs and an allocation of production overhead. Start-up costs and general administrative costs are excluded from the cost of inventories of chemicals products.
O) Treasury shares
Treasury shares of the parent company held by its subsidiaries or itself are deducted from consolidated shareholders’ equity. Gains or losses on sales of treasury shares are excluded from the determination of net income and are recognized in shareholders’ equity.
P) Provisions and other non-current liabilities
Provisions and non-current liabilities are comprised of liabilities for which the amount and the timing are uncertain. They arise from environmental risks, legal and tax risks, litigation and other risks.
A provision is recognized when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event for which it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required and when a reliable estimate can be made regarding the amount of the obligation. The amount of the liability corresponds to the best possible estimate.
Q) Asset retirement obligations
Asset retirement obligations, which result from a legal or constructive obligation, are recognized based on a reasonable estimate in the period in which the obligation arises.
The associated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the underlying asset and depreciated over the useful life of this asset.
An entity is required to measure changes in the liability for an asset retirement obligation due to the passage of time (accretion) by applying a risk-free discount rate to the amount of the liability. The increase of the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as “Other financial expense”.
R) Employee benefits
In accordance with the laws and practices of each country, the Group participates in employee benefit plans offering retirement, death and disability, healthcare and special termination benefits. These plans provide benefits based on various factors such as length of service, salaries, and contributions made to the governmental bodies responsible for the payment of benefits.
These plans can be either defined contribution or defined benefit pension plans and may be entirely or partially funded with investments made in various non-Group instruments such as mutual funds, insurance contracts, and other instruments.
For defined contribution plans, expenses correspond to the contributions paid.
Defined benefit obligations are determined according to the Projected Unit Method. Actuarial gains and losses may arise from differences between actuarial valuation and projected commitments (depending on new calculations or assumptions) and between projected and actual return of plan assets.
The Group applies the corridor method to amortize its actuarial gains and losses. This method amortizes the net cumulative actuarial gains and losses that exceed 10% of the greater of the present value of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets at the opening balance sheet date, over the average expected remaining working lives of the employees participating in the plan.
In case of a change in or creation of a plan, the vested portion of the cost of past services is recorded immediately in the statement of income, and the unvested past service cost is amortized over the vesting period.
The net periodic pension cost is recognized under “Other operating expenses”.
S) Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows prepared in foreign currencies has been translated into euros using the exchange rate on the transaction date or the average exchange rate for the period. Currency translation differences arising from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency into euros using the closing exchange rates are shown in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows under “Effect of exchange rates”. Therefore, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows will not agree with the figures derived from the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash on hand and highly liquid short-term investments that are easily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to insignificant risks of changes in value.
Investments with maturity greater than three months and less than twelve months are shown under “Current financial assets”.
Changes in current financial assets and liabilities are included in the financing activities section of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Non-current financial debt
Changes in non-current financial debt are presented as the net variation to reflect significant changes mainly related to revolving credit agreements.
T) Carbon dioxide emission rights
In the absence of a current IFRS standard or interpretation on accounting for emission rights of carbon dioxide, the following principles have been applied:
    emission rights granted free of charge are accounted for at zero carrying amount;
 
    liabilities resulting from potential differences between available quotas and quotas to be delivered at the end of the compliance period are accounted for as liabilities and measured at fair market value;
 
    spot market transactions are recognized in income at cost; and
 
    forward transactions are recognized at their fair market value on the face of the balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of such forward transactions are recognized in income.
U) Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
Pursuant to IFRS 5 “Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations”, assets and liabilities of affiliates that are held for sale are presented separately on the face of the balance sheet.
Net income from discontinued operations is presented separately on the face of the statement of income. Therefore, the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements related to the statement of income only refer to continuing operations.
A discontinued operation is a component of the Group for which cash flows are independent. It represents a major line of business or geographical area of operations which has been disposed of or is currently being held for sale.
V) Alternative IFRS methods
For measuring and recognizing assets and liabilities, the following choices among alternative methods allowable under IFRS have been made:
  property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets are measured using historical cost model instead of revaluation model;
 
  actuarial gains and losses on pension and other post-employment benefit obligations are recognized according to the corridor method (see Note 1 paragraph R to the Consolidated Financial Statements);
 
  jointly-controlled entities are consolidated under the equity method, as provided for in the alternative method of IAS 31 “Interests in joint ventures”, as from January 1st, 2010.
W) New accounting principles not yet in effect
The standards or interpretations published respectively by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) which were not yet in effect at December 31, 2010, were as follows:
IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”
In November 2009, the IASB issued standard IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” that introduces new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets, and included in October 2010 requirements regarding classification and measurement of financial liabilities. This standard shall be completed with texts on impairment and hedge accounting. Under standard IFRS 9, financial assets and liabilities are generally measured either at fair value through profit or loss or at amortised cost if certain conditions are met. The standard is applicable for annual periods starting

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on or after January 1, 2013. The application of the standard as published in 2010 should not have any material effect on the Group’s consolidated balance sheet, statement of income and shareholder’s equity.
Revised IAS 24 “Related Party Disclosures”
In November 2009, the IASB issued revised standard IAS 24 “Related Party Disclosures” that clarifies the definition of a related party and reduces the disclosure requirements for entities controlled by a government. The standard is applicable for annual periods starting on or after January 1, 2011. The application of this standard should not have any material impact on information presented in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
IFRIC 19 “Extinguishing Financial Liabilities with Equity Instruments”
In November 2009, the IFRIC issued interpretation IFRIC 19 “Extinguishing Financial Liabilities with Equity Instruments”. The interpretation deals with accounting for debt to equity swaps. It clarifies that equity instruments issued are measured at fair value and that any difference with the carrying amount of the liability is recognised in profit or loss. The interpretation is effective for annual periods starting on or after July 1, 2010 (i.e. starting January 1, 2011 for the Group). The application of IFRIC 19 should not have any material effect on the Group’s consolidated balance sheet, statement of income and shareholder’s equity.
2) Main indicators — information by business segment
Performance indicators excluding the adjustment items, such as adjusted operating income, adjusted net operating income, and adjusted net income are meant to facilitate the analysis of the financial performance and the comparison of income between periods.
Adjustment items
The detail of these adjustment items is presented in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Adjustment items include :
(i) Special items
Due to their unusual nature or particular significance, certain transactions qualified as “special items” are excluded from the business segment figures. In general, special items relate to transactions that are significant, infrequent or unusual. However, in certain instances, transactions such as restructuring costs or assets disposals, which are not considered to be representative of the normal course of business, may be qualified as special items although they may have occurred within prior years or are likely to occur again within the coming years.
(ii) The inventory valuation effect
The adjusted results of the Downstream and Chemicals segments are presented according to the replacement cost method. This method is used to assess the segments’ performance and facilitate the comparability of the segments’ performance with those of its competitors.
In the replacement cost method, which approximates the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) method, the variation of inventory values in the statement of income is, depending on the nature of the inventory, determined using either the month-end prices differential between one period and another or the average prices of the period rather than the historical value. The inventory valuation effect is the difference between the results according to the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) and the replacement cost.
(iii)   Until June 30, 2010, TOTAL’s equity share of adjustment items reconciling “Business net income” to Net income attributable to equity holders of Sanofi-Aventis (see Note 3, paragraph on the sales of Sanofi-Aventis shares and loss of significant influence over Sanofi-Aventis)
Main indicators:
(i)   Operating income (measure used to evaluate operating performance)
Revenue from sales after deducting cost of goods sold and inventory variations, other operating expenses, exploration expenses and depreciation, depletion, and amortization.
Operating income excludes the amortization of intangible assets other than mineral interests, currency translation adjustments and gains or losses on the disposal of assets.
(ii)   Net operating income (measure used to evaluate the return on capital employed)
Operating income after taking into account the amortization of intangible assets other than mineral interests, currency translation adjustments, gains or losses on the disposal of assets, as well as all other income and expenses related to capital employed (dividends from non-consolidated companies, equity in income of affiliates, capitalized interest expenses), and after income taxes applicable to the above.
The only income and expense not included in net operating income but included in net income are interest expenses related to net financial debt, after applicable income taxes (net cost of net debt) and minority interests.

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(iii)   Adjusted income
Operating income, net operating income, or net income excluding the effect of adjustment items described above.
(iv)   Fully-diluted adjusted earnings per share
Adjusted net income divided by the fully-diluted weighted-average number of common shares.
(v)   Capital employed
Non-current assets and working capital, at replacement cost, net of deferred income taxes and non-current liabilities.
(vi)   ROACE (Return on Average Capital Employed)
Ratio of adjusted net operating income to average capital employed between the beginning and the end of the period.
(vii)   Net debt
Non-current debt, including current portion, current borrowings, other current financial liabilities less cash and cash equivalents and other current financial assets.
3) Changes in the Group structure, main acquisitions and divestments
During 2010, 2009 and 2008, main changes in the Group structure and main acquisitions and divestments were as follows:
2010
    Upstream
    Total E&P Canada Ltd., a TOTAL subsidiary, signed in July 2010 an agreement with UTS Energy Corporation (UTS) to acquire UTS Corporation with its main asset, a 20% interest in the Fort Hills mining project in the Athabasca region of the Canadian province of Alberta.
 
      Total E&P Canada completed on September 30, 2010 the acquisition of all UTS shares for a cash amount of 3.08 Canadian dollars per share. Taking into account the cash held by UTS and acquired by TOTAL (€232 million), the cost of the acquisition for TOTAL amounts to €862 million. This amount mainly represents the value of mineral interests that have been recognized as intangible assets on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €646 million and the value of tangible assets that have been recognized on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €217 million.
 
    TOTAL completed in September 2010 an agreement for the sale to BP and Hess of its interests in the Valhall (15.72%) and Hod (25%) fields, in the Norwegian North Sea, for an amount of €800 million.
 
    TOTAL signed in September 2010 an agreement with Santos and Petronas to acquire a 20% interest in the GLNG project in Australia. Upon completion of this transaction finalised in October 2010, the project brings together Santos (45%, operator), Petronas (35%) and TOTAL (20%).
 
      The acquisition cost amounts to €566 million and it mainly represents the value of mineral interests that have been recognized as intangible assets on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €617 million.
 
      In addition, TOTAL announced in December 2010 the signature of an agreement to acquire an additional 7.5% interest in this project (see Note 34 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
 
    TOTAL sold in December 2010 its 5% interest in Block 31, located in the Angolan ultra deep offshore, to the company China Sonangol International Holding Limited.
    Downstream
    TOTAL and ERG announced in January 2010 that they have signed an agreement to create a joint venture, named TotalErg, by contribution of the major part of their activities in the refining and marketing business in Italy. TotalErg has been operational since October 1st, 2010. The shareholder pact calls for joint governance as well as operating independence for the new entity. TOTAL’s interest in TotalErg is 49% and is accounted for by the equity method (see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
    Chemicals
    TOTAL closed on April 1, 2010 the sale of its consumer specialty chemicals business, Mapa Spontex, to U.S.-based Jarden Corporation for an enterprise value of €335 million.
    Corporate
    On March 24, 2010, TOTAL S.A. filed a public tender offer followed by a squeeze out with the French Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF) in order to buy the 1,468,725 Elf Aquitaine shares that it did not already hold, representing 0.52% of Elf Aquitaine’s share capital and 0.27% of its voting rights, at a price of

Page 17


 

      €305 per share (including the remaining 2009 dividend). On April 13, 2010, the French Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) issued its clearance decision for this offer.
 
      The public tender offer was open from April 16 to April 29, 2010 inclusive. The Elf Aquitaine shares targeted by the offer which were not tendered to the offer have been transferred to TOTAL S.A. under the squeeze out upon payment to the shareholders equal to the offer price on the first trading day after the offer closing date, i.e. on April 30, 2010.
 
      On April 30, 2010, TOTAL S.A. announced that, following the squeeze out, it held 100% of Elf Aquitaine shares, with the transaction amounting to €450 million.
 
      In application of revised standard IAS 27 “Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements”, effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2010, transactions with minority interests are accounted for as equity transactions, i.e. in consolidated shareholder’s equity.
 
      As a consequence, following the squeeze out of the Elf Aquitaine shares by TOTAL S.A., the difference between the consideration paid and the book value of minority interests acquired was recognized directly as a decrease in equity.
 
    During 2010, TOTAL progressively sold 1.88% of Sanofi-Aventis’ share capital, thus reducing its interest to 5.51%.
 
      As from July 1, 2010, given its reduced representation on the Board of Directors and the decrease in the percentage of voting rights, TOTAL ceases to have a significant influence over Sanofi-Aventis and no longer consolidates this investment under the equity method. The investment in Sanofi-Aventis is accounted for as a financial asset available for sale in the line “Other investments” of the balance sheet at its fair value, i.e. at the stock price.
 
      Net income as of December 31, 2010 includes a €135 million gain relating to this change in the accounting treatment.
2009
    Upstream
    In December 2009, TOTAL signed an agreement with Chesapeake Energy Corporation whereby Total acquired a 25% share in Chesapeake’s Barnett shale gas portfolio located in the United States (State of Texas). The acquisition cost of these assets amounted to €1,562 million and it represented the value of mineral interests that have been recognized as intangible assets on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €1,449 million and the value of tangible assets that have been recognized on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €113 million. As no cash payment has occurred in 2009, a corresponding debt has been recognized in the sections “Provisions and other non-current liabilities” and “Other creditors and accrued liabilities” for €818 million and €744 million respectively.
    Corporate
    During 2009, TOTAL progressively sold 3.99% of Sanofi-Aventis’ share capital, thus reducing its interest to 7.39%. Sanofi-Aventis is accounted for by the equity method in TOTAL’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2009.
2008
    Upstream
    Pursuant to the tender offer described in the prospectus on May 13, 2008 and renewed by the notices on June 19, July 4 and July 16, 2008, TOTAL acquired 100% of Synenco Energy Inc’s Class A ordinary shares. Synenco’s main asset is a 60% interest in the Northern Lights project in the Athabasca region of the Canadian province of Alberta.
 
      The acquisition cost, net of cash acquired (€161 million) for all shares amounted to €352 million. This cost essentially represented the value of the company’s mineral interests that have been recognized as intangible assets on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €221 million.
 
      Synenco Energy Inc. is fully consolidated in TOTAL’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Its contribution to the consolidated net income for fiscal year 2008 was not material.
 
    In August 2008, TOTAL acquired the Dutch company Goal Petroleum BV. The acquisition cost amounted to €349 million. This cost essentially represented the value of the company’s mineral interests that have been recognized as intangible assets on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €292 million.
 
      Goal Petroleum BV is fully consolidated in TOTAL’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Its contribution to the consolidated net income for fiscal year 2008 was not material.

Page 18


 

    Pursuant to the agreements signed between the partners in November 2008, the Group’s participation in the Kashagan field decreased from 18.52% to 16.81%.
    Corporate
    During 2008, TOTAL progressively sold 1.68% of Sanofi-Aventis’ share capital, thus reducing its interest to 11.38%. Sanofi-Aventis is accounted for by the equity method in TOTAL’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2008.
4) Business segment information
Financial information by business segment is reported in accordance with the internal reporting system and shows internal segment information that is used to manage and measure the performance of TOTAL. The Group’s activities are conducted through three business segments: Upstream, Downstream and Chemicals.
    the Upstream segment includes the activities of the Exploration & Production division and the Gas & Power division;
 
    the Downstream segment includes activities of the Refining & Marketing division and the Trading & Shipping division; and
 
    the Chemicals segment includes Base Chemicals and Specialties.
The Corporate segment includes the operating and financial activities of the holding companies (including the investment in Sanofi-Aventis).
The operational profit and assets are broken down by business segment prior to the consolidation and inter-segment adjustments.
Sales prices between business segments approximate market prices.

Page 19


 

A) Information by business segment
                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2010                                    
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Non-Group sales
    18,527       123,245       17,490       7             159,269  
Intersegment sales
    22,540       4,693       981       186       (28,400 )      
Excise taxes
          (18,793 )                       (18,793 )
 
Revenues from sales
    41,067       109,145       18,471       193       (28,400 )     140,476  
Operating expenses
    (18,271 )     (105,660 )     (16,974 )     (665 )     28,400       (113,170 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (5,346 )     (2,503 )     (533 )     (39 )           (8,421 )
 
Operating income
    17,450       982       964       (511 )           18,885  
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates and other items
    1,533       141       215       595             2,484  
Tax on net operating income
    (10,131 )     (201 )     (267 )     263             (10,336 )
 
Net operating income
    8,852       922       912       347             11,033  
Net cost of net debt
                                            (226 )
Minority interests
                                            (236 )
 
Net income
                                            10,571  
 
                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2010                                    
(adjustments(a))                                    
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Non-Group sales
                                               
Intersegment sales
                                               
Excise taxes
                                               
 
Revenues from sales
                                               
Operating expenses
          923       92                     1,015  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (203 )     (1,192 )     (21 )                   (1,416 )
 
Operating income (b)
    (203 )     (269 )     71                     (401 )
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates and other items (c)
    183       (126 )     (16 )     227               268  
Tax on net operating income
    275       149             (6 )             418  
 
Net operating income (b)
    255       (246 )     55       221               285  
Net cost of net debt
                                             
Minority interests
                                            (2 )
 
Net income
                                            283  
 
 
(a)   Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and, until June 30, 2010, equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis.
                                 
    Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate  
(b)    Of which inventory valuation effect
                               
on operating income
          863       130        
on net operating income
          640       113        
(c)    Of which equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis
                      (81 )

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For the year ended December 31, 2010 (adjusted)                                    
(M€)(a)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Non-Group sales
    18,527       123,245       17,490       7             159,269  
Intersegment sales
    22,540       4,693       981       186       (28,400 )      
Excise taxes
          (18,793 )                       (18,793 )
 
Revenues from sales
    41,067       109,145       18,471       193       (28,400 )     140,476  
Operating expenses
    (18,271 )     (106,583 )     (17,066 )     (665 )     28,400       (114,185 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (5,143 )     (1,311 )     (512 )     (39 )           (7,005 )
 
Adjusted operating income
    17,653       1,251       893       (511 )           19,286  
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates and other items
    1,350       267       231       368             2,216  
Tax on net operating income
    (10,406 )     (350 )     (267 )     269             (10,754 )
 
Adjusted net operating income
    8,597       1,168       857       126             10,748  
Net cost of net debt
                                            (226 )
Minority interests
                                            (234 )
 
Adjusted net income
                                            10,288  
 
Adjusted fully-diluted earnings per share (€)
                                            4.58  
 
 
(a)   Except for earnings per share
                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2010                                    
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Total expenditures
    13,208       2,343       641       81               16,273  
Total divestments
    2,067       499       347       1,403               4,316  
Cash flow from operating activities
    15,573       1,441       934       545               18,493  
Balance sheet as of December 31, 2010
                                               
Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, net
    50,565       8,675       4,388       253               63,881  
Investments in equity affiliates
    5,002       2,782       1,349                     9,133  
Loans to equity affiliates and other non-current assets
    4,184       1,366       979       4,099               10,628  
Working capital
    (363 )     9,154       2,223       (211 )             10,803  
Provisions and other non-current liabilities
    (16,076 )     (2,328 )     (1,631 )     (1,181 )             (21,216 )
Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale
    660             413                     1,073  
Capital Employed (balance sheet)
    43,972       19,649       7,721       2,960               74,302  
Less inventory valuation effect
          (4,088 )     (409 )     1,061               (3,436 )
Capital Employed
(Business segment information)
    43,972       15,561       7,312       4,021               70,866  
ROACE as a percentage
    21 %     8 %     12 %                     16 %
 

Page 21


 

                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2009                                    
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Non-Group sales
    16,072       100,518       14,726       11             131,327  
Intersegment sales
    15,958       3,786       735       156       (20,635 )      
Excise taxes
          (19,174 )                       (19,174 )
 
Revenues from sales
    32,030       85,130       15,461       167       (20,635 )     112,153  
Operating expenses
    (14,752 )     (81,281 )     (14,293 )     (656 )     20,635       (90,347 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (4,420 )     (1,612 )     (615 )     (35 )           (6,682 )
 
Operating income
    12,858       2,237       553       (524 )           15,124  
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates and other items
    846       169       (58 )     697             1,654  
Tax on net operating income
    (7,486 )     (633 )     (92 )     326             (7,885 )
 
Net operating income
    6,218       1,773       403       499             8,893  
Net cost of net debt
                                            (264 )
Minority interests
                                            (182 )
 
Net income
                                            8,447  
 
                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2009                                    
(adjustments(a))                                    
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Non-Group sales
                                               
Intersegment sales
                                               
Excise taxes
                                               
 
Revenues from sales
                                               
Operating expenses
    (17 )     1,558       344                     1,885  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (4 )     (347 )     (40 )                   (391 )
 
Operating income (b)
    (21 )     1,211       304                     1,494  
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates and other items (c)
    (160 )     22       (123 )     (117 )             (378 )
Tax on net operating income
    17       (413 )     (50 )     (3 )             (449 )
 
Net operating income (b)
    (164 )     820       131       (120 )             667  
Net cost of net debt
                                             
Minority interests
                                            (4 )
 
Net income
                                            663  
 
 
(a)   Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis.
                                 
    Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate  
(b)    Of which inventory valuation effect
                               
on operating income
          1,816       389        
on net operating income
          1,285       254        
(c)    Of which equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis
                      (300 )

Page 22


 

                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2009 (adjusted)                                    
(M€) (a)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Non-Group sales
    16,072       100,518       14,726       11             131,327  
Intersegment sales
    15,958       3,786       735       156       (20,635 )      
Excise taxes
          (19,174 )                       (19,174 )
 
Revenues from sales
    32,030       85,130       15,461       167       (20,635 )     112,153  
Operating expenses
    (14,735 )     (82,839 )     (14,637 )     (656 )     20,635       (92,232 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (4,416 )     (1,265 )     (575 )     (35 )           (6,291 )
 
Adjusted operating income
    12,879       1,026       249       (524 )           13,630  
 
                                               
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates and other items
    1,006       147       65       814             2,032  
Tax on net operating income
    (7,503 )     (220 )     (42 )     329             (7,436 )
 
Adjusted net operating income
    6,382       953       272       619             8,226  
Net cost of net debt
                                            (264 )
Minority interests
                                            (178 )
 
Adjusted net income
                                            7,784  
 
Adjusted fully-diluted earnings per share (€)
                                            3.48  
 
 
(a)   Except for earnings per share
                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2009                                    
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Total expenditures
    9,855       2,771       631       92               13,349  
Total divestments
    398       133       47       2,503               3,081  
Cash flow from operating activities
    10,200       1,164       1,082       (86 )             12,360  
Balance sheet as of December 31, 2009
                                               
Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, net
    43,997       9,588       5,248       271               59,104  
Investments in equity affiliates
    4,260       2,110       652       4,235               11,257  
Loans to equity affiliates and other non-current assets
    3,844       1,369       850       547               6,610  
Working capital
    660       7,624       2,151       58               10,493  
Provisions and other non-current liabilities
    (15,364 )     (2,190 )     (1,721 )     (1,094 )             (20,369 )
Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale
                                     
Capital Employed (balance sheet)
    37,397       18,501       7,180       4,017               67,095  
Less inventory valuation effect
          (3,202 )     (282 )     840               (2,644 )
Capital Employed (Business segment information)
    37,397       15,299       6,898       4,857               64,451  
ROACE as a percentage
    18 %     7 %     4 %                     13 %
 

Page 23


 

                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2008                                    
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Non-Group sales
    24,256       135,524       20,150       46             179,976  
Intersegment sales
    25,132       5,574       1,252       120       (32,078 )      
Excise taxes
          (19,645 )                       (19,645 )
 
Revenues from sales
    49,388       121,453       21,402       166       (32,078 )     160,331  
Operating expenses
    (21,915 )     (119,425 )     (20,942 )     (685 )     32,078       (130,889 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (4,005 )     (1,202 )     (518 )     (30 )           (5,755 )
 
Operating income
    23,468       826       (58 )     (549 )           23,687  
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates and other items
    1,541       (158 )     (34 )     590             1,939  
Tax on net operating income
    (14,563 )     (143 )     76       315             (14,315 )
 
Net operating income
    10,446       525       (16 )     356             11,311  
Net cost of net debt
                                            (358 )
Minority interests
                                            (363 )
 
Net income
                                            10,590  
 
                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2008                                    
(adjustments(a))                                    
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Non-Group sales
                                               
Intersegment sales
                                               
Excise taxes
                                               
 
Revenues from sales
                                               
Operating expenses
          (2,776 )     (925 )                   (3,701 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interest
    (171 )           (6 )                   (177 )
 
Operating income (b)
    (171 )     (2,776 )     (931 )                   (3,878 )
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates and other items (c)
    (164 )     (195 )     (82 )     (345 )             (786 )
Tax on net operating income
    57       927       329       (2 )             1,311  
 
Net operating income (b)
    (278 )     (2,044 )     (684 )     (347 )             (3,353 )
Net cost of net debt
                                             
Minority interests
                                            23  
 
Net income
                                            (3,330 )
 
 
(a)   Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis.
                                 
    Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate  
(b)    Of which inventory valuation effect
                               
on operating income
          (2,776 )     (727 )      
on net operating income
          (1,971 )     (504 )      
(c)    Of which equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis
                      (393 )

Page 24


 

                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2008 (adjusted)                                    
(M€) (a)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Non-Group sales
    24,256       135,524       20,150       46             179,976  
Intersegment sales
    25,132       5,574       1,252       120       (32,078 )      
Excise taxes
          (19,645 )                       (19,645 )
 
Revenues from sales
    49,388       121,453       21,402       166       (32,078 )     160,331  
Operating expenses
    (21,915 )     (116,649 )     (20,017 )     (685 )     32,078       (127,188 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (3,834 )     (1,202 )     (512 )     (30 )           (5,578 )
 
Adjusted operating income
    23,639       3,602       873       (549 )           27,565  
 
                                               
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates and other items
    1,705       37       48       935             2,725  
Tax on net operating income
    (14,620 )     (1,070 )     (253 )     317             (15,626 )
 
Adjusted net operating income
    10,724       2,569       668       703             14,664  
Net cost of net debt
                                            (358 )
Minority interests
                                            (386 )
 
Adjusted net income
                                            13,920  
 
Adjusted fully-diluted earnings per share (€)
                                            6.20  
 
 
(a)   Except for earnings per share
                                                 
For the year ended December 31, 2008                                    
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Intercompany     Total  
 
Total expenditures
    10,017       2,418       1,074       131               13,640  
Total divestments
    1,130       216       53       1,186               2,585  
Cash flow from operating activities
    13,765       3,111       920       873               18,669  
Balance sheet as of December 31, 2008
                                               
Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, net
    37,090       8,823       5,323       247               51,483  
Investments in equity affiliates
    3,892       1,958       677       6,134               12,661  
Loans to equity affiliates and other non-current assets
    3,739       1,170       762       545               6,216  
Working capital
    570       5,317       2,348       (132 )             8,103  
Provisions and other non-current liabilities
    (12,610 )     (2,191 )     (1,903 )     (1,138 )             (17,842 )
Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale
                                     
Capital Employed (balance sheet)
    32,681       15,077       7,207       5,656               60,621  
Less inventory valuation effect
          (1,454 )     (46 )     387               (1,113 )
Capital Employed (Business segment information)
    32,681       13,623       7,161       6,043               59,508  
ROACE as a percentage
    36 %     20 %     9 %                     26 %
 

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B) Reconciliation between business segment information and the Consolidated Statement of Income
The table below presents the impact of adjustment items on the Consolidated Statement of Income:
                         
                    Consolidated  
For the year ended December 31, 2010                   statement of  
(M€)   Adjusted     Adjustments(a)     income  
 
Sales
    159,269             159,269  
Excise taxes
    (18,793 )           (18,793 )
Revenues from sales
    140,476             140,476  
 
                       
Purchases, net of inventory variation
    (94,286 )     1,115       (93,171 )
Other operating expenses
    (19,035 )     (100 )     (19,135 )
Exploration costs
    (864 )           (864 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (7,005 )     (1,416 )     (8,421 )
Other income
    524       872       1,396  
Other expense
    (346 )     (554 )     (900 )
 
                       
Financial interest on debt
    (465 )           (465 )
Financial income from marketable securities & cash equivalents
    131             131  
Cost of net debt
    (334 )           (334 )
 
                       
Other financial income
    442             442  
Other financial expense
    (407 )           (407 )
 
                       
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates
    2,003       (50 )     1,953  
 
                       
Income taxes
    (10,646 )     418       (10,228 )
 
Consolidated net income
    10,522       285       10,807  
 
Group share
    10,288       283       10,571  
Minority interests
    234       2       236  
 
 
(a)   Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and, until June 30, 2010, equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis.
                         
                    Consolidated  
For the year ended December 31, 2009                   statement of  
(M€)   Adjusted     Adjustments(a)     income  
 
Sales
    131,327             131,327  
Excise taxes
    (19,174 )           (19,174 )
Revenues from sales
    112,153             112,153  
 
                       
Purchases, net of inventory variation
    (73,263 )     2,205       (71,058 )
Other operating expenses
    (18,271 )     (320 )     (18,591 )
Exploration costs
    (698 )           (698 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (6,291 )     (391 )     (6,682 )
Other income
    131       183       314  
Other expense
    (315 )     (285 )     (600 )
 
                       
Financial interest on debt
    (530 )           (530 )
Financial income from marketable securities & cash equivalents
    132             132  
Cost of net debt
    (398 )           (398 )
 
                       
Other financial income
    643             643  
Other financial expense
    (345 )           (345 )
 
                       
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates
    1,918       (276 )     1,642  
 
                       
Income taxes
    (7,302 )     (449 )     (7,751 )
 
Consolidated net income
    7,962       667       8,629  
 
Group share
    7,784       663       8,447  
Minority interests
    178       4       182  
 
 
(a)   Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis.

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                    Consolidated  
For the year ended December 31, 2008                   statement of  
(M€)   Adjusted     Adjustments(a)     income  
 
Sales
    179,976             179,976  
Excise taxes
    (19,645 )           (19,645 )
Revenues from sales
    160,331             160,331  
 
                       
Purchases, net of inventory variation
    (107,521 )     (3,503 )     (111,024 )
Other operating expenses
    (18,903 )     (198 )     (19,101 )
Exploration costs
    (764 )           (764 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of tangible assets and mineral interests
    (5,578 )     (177 )     (5,755 )
Other income
    153       216       369  
Other expense
    (147 )     (407 )     (554 )
 
                       
Financial interest on debt
    (1,000 )           (1,000 )
Financial income from marketable securities & cash equivalents
    473             473  
Cost of net debt
    (527 )           (527 )
 
                       
Other financial income
    728             728  
Other financial expense
    (325 )           (325 )
 
                       
Equity in income (loss) of affiliates
    2,316       (595 )     1,721  
 
                       
Income taxes
    (15,457 )     1,311       (14,146 )
 
Consolidated net income
    14,306       (3,353 )     10,953  
 
Group share
    13,920       (3,330 )     10,590  
Minority interests
    386       (23 )     363  
 
 
(a)   Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis.
C) Adjustment items by business segment
The adjustment items for income as per Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements are detailed as follows:
                                         
Adjustments to operating income                              
For the year ended December 31, 2010                              
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Total  
 
Inventory valuation effect
          863       130             993  
Restructuring charges
                             
Asset impairment charges
    (203 )     (1,192 )     (21 )           (1,416 )
Other items
          60       (38 )           22  
 
Total
    (203 )     (269 )     71             (401 )
 
                                         
Adjustments to net income, Group share                              
For the year ended December 31, 2010                              
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Total  
 
Inventory valuation effect
          635       113             748  
TOTAL’s equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis
                      (81 )     (81 )
Restructuring charges
          (12 )     (41 )           (53 )
Asset impairment charges
    (297 )     (913 )     (14 )           (1,224 )
Gains (losses) on disposals of assets
    589       122       33       302       1,046  
Other items
    (37 )     (83 )     (33 )           (153 )
 
Total
    255       (251 )     58       221       283  
 

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Adjustments to operating income                              
For the year ended December 31, 2009                              
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Total  
 
Inventory valuation effect
          1,816       389             2,205  
Restructuring charges
                             
Asset impairment charges
    (4 )     (347 )     (40 )           (391 )
Other items
    (17 )     (258 )     (45 )           (320 )
 
Total
    (21 )     1,211       304             1,494  
 
                                         
Adjustments to net income, Group share                              
For the year ended December 31, 2009                              
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Total  
 
Inventory valuation effect
          1,279       254             1,533  
TOTAL’s equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis
                      (300 )     (300 )
Restructuring charges
          (27 )     (102 )           (129 )
Asset impairment charges
    (52 )     (253 )     (28 )           (333 )
Gains (losses) on disposals of assets
                      179       179  
Other items
    (112 )     (182 )     7             (287 )
 
Total
    (164 )     817       131       (121 )     663  
 
                                         
Adjustments to operating income                              
For the year ended December 31, 2008                              
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Total  
 
Inventory valuation effect
          (2,776 )     (727 )           (3,503 )
Restructuring charges
                             
Asset impairment charges
    (171 )           (6 )           (177 )
Other items
                (198 )           (198 )
 
Total
    (171 )     (2,776 )     (931 )           (3,878 )
 
                                         
Adjustments to net income, Group share                              
For the year ended December 31, 2008                              
(M€)   Upstream     Downstream     Chemicals     Corporate     Total  
 
Inventory valuation effect
          (1,949 )     (503 )           (2,452 )
TOTAL’s equity share of adjustments related to Sanofi-Aventis
                      (393 )     (393 )
Restructuring charges
          (47 )     (22 )           (69 )
Asset impairment charges
    (172 )     (26 )     (7 )           (205 )
Gains (losses) on disposals of assets
    130                   84       214  
Other items
    (236 )           (151 )     (38 )     (425 )
 
Total
    (278 )     (2,022 )     (683 )     (347 )     (3,330 )
 
D) Additional information on impairments
In the Upstream, Downstream and Chemicals segments, impairments of assets have been recognized for the year ended December 31, 2010, with an impact of €1,416 million in operating income and €1,224 million in net income, Group share. These impairments have been disclosed as adjustments to operating income and adjustments to net income, Group share. These items are identified in paragraph 4C above as adjustment items with the heading “Asset impairment charges”.
The impairment losses impact certain Cash Generating Units (CGU) for which there were indications of impairment, due mainly to changes in the operating conditions or the economic environment of their specific businesses.
The principles applied are the following:
    the recoverable amount of CGUs has been based on their value in use, as defined in Note 1 paragraph L to the Consolidated Financial Statements “Impairment of long-lived assets”;
 
    future cash flows have been determined with the assumptions in the long-term plan of the Group. These assumptions (including future prices of products, supply and demand for products, future production volumes)

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      represent the best estimate by management of the Group of all economic conditions during the remaining life of assets;
    future cash flows, based on the long-term plan, are prepared over a period consistent with the life of the assets within the CGU. They are prepared post-tax and include specific risks attached to CGU assets. They are discounted using a 8% post-tax discount rate, this rate being a weighted-average capital cost estimated from historical market data. This rate has been applied consistently for the years ending in 2008, 2009 and 2010;
 
    value in use calculated by discounting the above post-tax cash flows using a 8% post-tax discount rate is not materially different from value in use calculated by discounting pre-tax cash flows using a pre-tax discount rate determined by an iterative computation from the post-tax value in use. These pre-tax discount rates are in a range from 9% to 12% in 2010.
The CGUs of the Upstream segment affected by these impairments are oil fields and investments in associates accounted for by the equity method. For the year ended December 31, 2010, the Group has recognized impairments with an impact of €203 million in operating income and €297 million in net income, Group share, mainly including an impairment of assets related to its project to build an upgrader in Edmonton, the Group giving up this project as part of its agreements with Suncor.
The CGUs of the Downstream segment are affiliates or groups of affiliates (or industrial assets) organized mostly by country for the refining activities and by relevant geographical area for the marketing activities. In 2010, the economic environment of refining activities remained unfavorable, with a worldwide context of surplus in refining capacities compared to the demand for petroleum products. This surplus is more and more based in Europe, where the demand has been decreasing whereas in emerging countries (in Middle East and Asia) the consumption growth is strong. Considering the specificities of industrial tools, this remaining context of deteriorated margins had a particularly negative impact on the results of the refining CGUs in France and in the United Kingdom and lead to strong operational losses despite the efforts made to improve operations. Moreover in the last few months some operators have announced site closures or tried to dispose of some sites although no material transaction has occurred in 2010. These factors have triggered off the recognition of impairments of assets in Europe, especially within the CGUs Refining France and United Kingdom, reducing the operating income by €1,192 million and the net income, Group share by €913 million. Sensitivity analysis performed on other European refining CGUs, using different actualization rates and margins, have not led to additional impairment charge.
The CGUs of the Chemicals segment are worldwide business units, including activities or products with common strategic, commercial and industrial characteristics.
For the year ended December 31, 2009, impairments of assets have been recognized in the Upstream, Downstream and Chemicals segments with an impact of €413 million in operating income and €382 million in net income, Group share. These impairments have been disclosed as adjustments to operating income for €391 million and adjustments to net income, Group share for €333 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2008, impairments of assets have been recognized in the Upstream, Downstream and Chemicals segments with an impact of €216 million in operating income and €244 million in net income, Group share. These impairments have been disclosed as adjustments to operating income for €177 million and adjustments to net income, Group share for €205 million.
For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, no reversal of impairment has been recognized. For the year ended December 31, 2008, reversals of impairment losses have been recognized in the Upstream segment with an impact of €41 million in operating income and €29 million in net income, Group share.

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5) Information by geographical area
                                                 
            Rest of     North             Rest of the        
(M€)   France     Europe     America     Africa     world     Total  
 
For the year ended December 31, 2010
                                               
Non-Group sales
    36,820       72,636       12,432       12,561       24,820       159,269  
Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, net
    5,666       14,568       9,584       20,166       13,897       63,881  
Capital expenditures
    1,062       2,629       3,626       4,855       4,101       16,273  
 
For the year ended December 31, 2009
                                               
Non-Group sales
    32,437       60,140       9,515       9,808       19,427       131,327  
Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, net
    6,973       15,218       8,112       17,312       11,489       59,104  
Capital expenditures
    1,189       2,502       1,739       4,651       3,268       13,349  
 
For the year ended December 31, 2008
                                               
Non-Group sales
    43,616       82,761       14,002       12,482       27,115       179,976  
Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, net
    7,260       13,485       5,182       15,460       10,096       51,483  
Capital expenditures
    1,997       2,962       1,255       4,500       2,926       13,640  
 
6) Operating expenses
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Purchases, net of inventory variation(a)
    (93,171 )     (71,058 )     (111,024 )
Exploration costs
    (864 )     (698 )     (764 )
Other operating expenses(b)
    (19,135 )     (18,591 )     (19,101 )
of which non-current operating liabilities (allowances) reversals
    387       515       459  
of which current operating liabilities (allowances) reversals
    (101 )     (43 )     (29 )
 
Operating expenses
    (113,170 )     (90,347 )     (130,889 )
 
(a)   Includes taxes paid on oil and gas production in the Upstream segment, namely royalties.
 
(b)   Principally composed of production and administrative costs (see in particular the payroll costs as detailed in Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements “Payroll and staff”).
7) Other income and other expense
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Gains (losses) on disposal of assets
    1,117       200       257  
Foreign exchange gains
                112  
Other
    279       114        
 
Other income
    1,396       314       369  
 
 
                       
Foreign exchange losses
          (32 )      
Amortization of other intangible assets (excl. mineral interests)
    (267 )     (142 )     (162 )
Other
    (633 )     (426 )     (392 )
 
Other expense
    (900 )     (600 )     (554 )
 
Other income
In 2010, gains and losses on disposal of assets are mainly related to sales of assets in the Upstream segment (sale of the interests in the Valhall and Hod fields in Norway and sale of the interest in Block 31 in Angola, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), as well as the change in the accounting treatment and the disposal of shares of Sanofi-Aventis (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In 2009, gains and losses on disposal of assets were mainly related to the disposal of shares of Sanofi-Aventis.
In 2008, gains and losses on disposal of assets were mainly related to sales of assets in the Upstream segment, as well as the disposal of shares of Sanofi-Aventis.
Other expense
In 2010, the heading “Other” is mainly comprised of €248 million of restructuring charges in the Downstream and Chemicals segments.

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In 2009, the heading “Other” was mainly comprised of €190 million of restructuring charges in the Downstream and Chemicals segments.
In 2008, the heading “Other” was mainly comprised of:
  €107 million of restructuring charges in the Upstream, Downstream and Chemicals segments; and
 
  €48 million of changes in provisions related to various antitrust investigations as described in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements “Other risks and contingent liabilities”.
8) Other financial income and expense
                         
As of December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Dividend income on non-consolidated subsidiaries
    255       210       238  
Capitalized financial expenses
    113       117       271  
Other
    74       316       219  
 
Other financial income
    442       643       728  
 
 
                       
Accretion of asset retirement obligations
    (338 )     (283 )     (229 )
Other
    (69 )     (62 )     (96 )
 
Other financial expense
    (407 )     (345 )     (325 )
9) Income taxes
Since 1966, the Group has been taxed in accordance with the consolidated income tax treatment approved on a renewable basis by the French Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry. The renewal of this approval has been requested for the 2011-2013 period. It is being reviewed by the French Department of Budget, Public Accounts, Civil Service and State Reform.
No deferred tax is recognized for the temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of investments in foreign subsidiaries which are considered to be permanent investments. Undistributed earnings from foreign subsidiaries considered to be reinvested indefinitely amounted to €26,458 million as of December 31, 2010. The determination of the tax effect relating to such reinvested income is not practicable.
In addition, no deferred tax is recognized on unremitted earnings (approximately €21,147 million) of the Group’s French subsidiaries since the remittance of such earnings would be tax exempt for the subsidiaries in which the Company owns 95% or more of the outstanding shares.
Income taxes are detailed as follows:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Current income taxes
    (9,934 )     (7,213 )     (14,117 )
Deferred income taxes
    (294 )     (538 )     (29 )
 
Total income taxes
    (10,228 )     (7,751 )     (14,146 )
 

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Before netting deferred tax assets and liabilities by fiscal entity, the components of deferred tax balances are as follows:
                         
As of December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Net operating losses and tax carry forwards
    1,145       1,114       1,031  
Employee benefits
    535       517       519  
Other temporary non-deductible provisions
    2,757       2,184       2,075  
 
Gross deferred tax assets
    4,437       3,815       3,625  
Valuation allowance
    (576 )     (484 )     (475 )
 
Net deferred tax assets
    3,861       3,331       3,150  
 
                       
Excess tax over book depreciation
    (10,966 )     (9,791 )     (8,836 )
Other temporary tax deductions
    (1,339 )     (1,179 )     (1,171 )
 
Gross deferred tax liability
    (12,305 )     (10,970 )     (10,007 )
 
                       
 
Net deferred tax liability
    (8,444 )     (7,639 )     (6,857 )
 
After netting deferred tax assets and liabilities by fiscal entity, deferred taxes are presented on the balance sheet as follows:
                         
As of December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Deferred tax assets, non-current (note 14)
    1,378       1,164       1,010  
Deferred tax assets, current (note 16)
    151       214       206  
Deferred tax liabilities, non-current
    (9,947 )     (8,948 )     (7,973 )
Deferred tax liabilities, current
    (26 )     (69 )     (100 )
 
Net amount
    (8,444 )     (7,639 )     (6,857 )
 
The net deferred tax variation in the balance sheet is analyzed as follows:
                         
As of December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Opening balance
    (7,639 )     (6,857 )     (7,251 )
Deferred tax on income
    (294 )     (538 )     (29 )
Deferred tax on shareholders’ equity(a)
    28       (38 )     30  
Changes in scope of consolidation
    (59 )     (1 )     (1 )
Currency translation adjustment
    (480 )     (205 )     394  
 
Closing balance
    (8,444 )     (7,639 )     (6,857 )
 
(a)   This amount includes mainly current income taxes and deferred taxes for changes in fair value of listed securities classified as financial assets available for sale as well as deferred taxes related to the cash flow hedge (see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Reconciliation between provision for income taxes and pre-tax income:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Consolidated net income
    10,807       8,629       10,953  
Provision for income taxes
    10,228       7,751       14,146  
 
Pre-tax income
    21,035       16,380       25,099  
French statutory tax rate
    34.43 %     34.43 %     34.43 %
 
Theoretical tax charge
    (7,242 )     (5,640 )     (8,642 )
Difference between French and foreign income tax rates
    (4,921 )     (3,214 )     (6,326 )
Tax effect of equity in income (loss) of affiliates
    672       565       593  
Permanent differences
    1,375       597       315  
Adjustments on prior years income taxes
    (45 )     (47 )     12  
Adjustments on deferred tax related to changes in tax rates
    2       (1 )     (31 )
Changes in valuation allowance of deferred tax assets
    (65 )     (6 )     (63 )
Other
    (4 )     (5 )     (4 )
 
Net provision for income taxes
    (10,228 )     (7,751 )     (14,146 )
 

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The French statutory tax rate includes the standard corporate tax rate (33.33%) and additional applicable taxes that bring the overall tax rate to 34.43% in 2010 (identical to 2009 and 2008).
Permanent differences are mainly due to impairment of goodwill and to dividends from non-consolidated companies as well as the specific taxation rules applicable to certain activities and within the consolidated income tax treatment.
Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards
Deferred tax assets related to net operating losses and tax carryforwards expire in the following years:
                                                 
As of December 31,   2010     2009     2008  
(M€)   Basis     Tax     Basis     Tax     Basis     Tax  
 
2009
                            233       115  
2010
                258       126       167       79  
2011
    225       110       170       83       93       42  
2012
    177       80       121       52       61       19  
2013 (a)
    146       59       133       43       1,765       587  
2014 (b)
    1,807       602       1,804       599              
2015 and after
    190       62                          
Unlimited
    774       232       661       211       560       189  
 
Total
    3,319       1,145       3,147       1,114       2,879       1,031  
 
(a)    Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards in 2013 and after for 2008
 
(b)    Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards in 2014 and after for 2009

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10) Intangible assets
                         
As of December 31, 2010                  
(M€)   Cost     Amortization and impairment     Net  
 
Goodwill
    1,498       (596 )     902  
Proved and unproved mineral interests
    10,099       (2,712 )     7,387  
Other intangible assets
    2,803       (2,175 )     628  
 
Total intangible assets
    14,400       (5,483 )     8,917  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2009                  
(M€)   Cost     Amortization and impairment     Net  
 
Goodwill
    1,776       (614 )     1,162  
Proved and unproved mineral interests
    8,204       (2,421 )     5,783  
Other intangible assets
    2,712       (2,143 )     569  
 
Total intangible assets
    12,692       (5,178 )     7,514  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2008                  
(M€)   Cost     Amortization and impairment     Net  
 
Goodwill
    1,690       (616 )     1,074  
Proved and unproved mineral interests
    6,010       (2,268 )     3,742  
Other intangible assets
    2,519       (1,994 )     525  
 
Total intangible assets
    10,219       (4,878 )     5,341  
 
Changes in net intangible assets are analyzed in the following table:
                                                         
                                    Currency                
    Net amount as                     Amortization and     translation             Net amount as of  
(M€)   of January 1,     Acquisitions     Disposals     impairment     adjustment     Other     December 31,  
 
2010
    7,514       2,466       (62 )     (553 )     491       (939 )     8,917  
2009
    5,341       629       (64 )     (345 )     2       1,951       7,514  
2008
    4,650       404       (3 )     (259 )     (93 )     642       5,341  
 
In 2010, the heading “Other” mainly includes Chesapeake’s Barnett shale mineral interests reclassified into the acquisitions for €(975) million and the reclassification of Joslyn’s mineral interests in accordance with IFRS 5 “Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations” for €(390) million, including the currency translation adjustment (see Note 34 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), partially compensated by the acquisition of UTS for €646 million (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In 2009, the heading “Other” mainly included Chesapeake’s Barnett shale mineral interests for €1,449 million (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In 2008, the heading “Other” mainly included the impact of “proved and unproved mineral interests” from Synenco Energy Inc. for €221 million and from Goal Petroleum B.V. for €292 million.
A summary of changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by business segment for the year ended December 31, 2010 is as follows:
                                         
    Net goodwill as                             Net goodwill as of  
(M€)   of January 1, 2010     Increases     Impairments     Other     December 31, 2010  
 
Upstream
    78                         78  
Downstream
    202       22       (88 )     (54 )     82  
Chemicals
    857                   (140 )     717  
Corporate
    25                         25  
 
Total
    1,162       22       (88 )     (194 )     902  
 
The heading « Other » mainly corresponds to the sale of Mapa Spontex and the reclassification of the goodwill of resins businesses subject to a disposal plan in accordance with IFRS 5 “Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations”.

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11) Property, plant and equipment
                         
As of December 31, 2010                  
(M€)   Cost     Depreciation and impairment     Net  
 
Upstream properties
                       
Proved properties
    77,183       (50,582 )     26,601  
Unproved properties
    347       (1 )     346  
Work in progress
    14,712       (37 )     14,675  
 
Subtotal
    92,242       (50,620 )     41,622  
 
                       
Other property, plant and equipment
                       
Land
    1,304       (393 )     911  
Machinery, plant and equipment (including transportation equipment)
    23,831       (17,010 )     6,821  
Buildings
    6,029       (3,758 )     2,271  
Work in progress
    2,350       (488 )     1,862  
Other
    6,164       (4,687 )     1,477  
 
Subtotal
    39,678       (26,336 )     13,342  
 
Total property, plant and equipment
    131,920       (76,956 )     54,964  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2009                  
(M€)   Cost     Depreciation and impairment     Net  
 
Upstream properties
                       
Proved properties
    71,082       (44,718 )     26,364  
Unproved properties
    182       (1 )     181  
Work in progress
    10,351       (51 )     10,300  
 
Subtotal
    81,615       (44,770 )     36,845  
 
                       
Other property, plant and equipment
                       
Land
    1,458       (435 )     1,023  
Machinery, plant and equipment (including transportation equipment)
    22,927       (15,900 )     7,027  
Buildings
    6,142       (3,707 )     2,435  
Work in progress
    2,774       (155 )     2,619  
Other
    6,506       (4,865 )     1,641  
 
Subtotal
    39,807       (25,062 )     14,745  
 
Total property, plant and equipment
    121,422       (69,832 )     51,590  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2008                  
(M€)   Cost     Depreciation and impairment     Net  
 
Upstream properties
                       
Proved properties
    61,727       (39,315 )     22,412  
Unproved properties
    106       (1 )     105  
Work in progress
    9,586             9,586  
 
Subtotal
    71,419       (39,316 )     32,103  
 
                       
Other property, plant and equipment
                       
Land
    1,446       (429 )     1,017  
Machinery, plant and equipment (including transportation equipment)
    21,734       (14,857 )     6,877  
Buildings
    5,739       (3,441 )     2,298  
Work in progress
    2,226       (10 )     2,216  
Other
    6,258       (4,627 )     1,631  
 
Subtotal
    37,403       (23,364 )     14,039  
 
Total property, plant and equipment
    108,822       (62,680 )     46,142  
 
Changes in net property, plant and equipment are analyzed in the following table:
                                                         
                                    Currency                
    Net amount as                     Depreciation and     translation             Net amount as of  
(M€)   of January 1,     Acquisitions     Disposals     impairment     adjustment     Other     December 31,  
 
2010
    51,590       11,346       (1,269 )     (8,564 )     2,974       (1,113 )     54,964  
2009
    46,142       11,212       (65 )     (6,765 )     397       669       51,590  
2008
    41,467       11,442       (102 )     (5,941 )     (1,151 )     427       46,142  
 

Page 35


 

In 2010, the heading “Disposals” mainly includes the impact of sales of assets in the Upstream segment (sale of the interests in the Valhall and Hod fields in Norway and sale of the interest in Block 31 in Angola, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In 2010, the heading “Depreciation and impairment” includes the impact of impairments of assets recognized for €1,416 million (see Note 4C to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In 2010, the heading “Other” mainly corresponds to the change in the consolidation method of Samsung Total Petrochemicals (see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) for €(541) million and the reclassification for €(537) million, including the currency translation adjustment, of property, plant and equipment related to Joslyn, Total E&P Cameroun, and resins businesses subject to a disposal project in accordance with IFRS 5 “Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations” (see Note 34 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), partially compensated by the acquisition of UTS for €217 million (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In 2009, the heading “Other” mainly included changes in net property, plant and equipment related to asset retirement obligations and Chesapeake’s Barnett shale tangible assets for €113 million (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In 2008, the heading “Other” mainly included changes in net property, plant and equipment related to asset retirement obligations.
Property, plant and equipment presented above include the following amounts for facilities and equipment under finance leases that have been capitalized:
                         
As of December 31, 2010                  
(M€)   Cost     Depreciation and impairment     Net  
 
Machinery, plant and equipment
    480       (332 )     148  
Buildings
    54       (24 )     30  
Other
                 
 
Total
    534       (356 )     178  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2009                  
(M€)   Cost     Depreciation and impairment     Net  
 
Machinery, plant and equipment
    548       (343 )     205  
Buildings
    60       (30 )     30  
Other
                 
 
Total
    608       (373 )     235  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2008                  
(M€)   Cost     Depreciation and impairment     Net  
 
Machinery, plant and equipment
    558       (316 )     242  
Buildings
    35       (28 )     7  
Other
                 
 
Total
    593       (344 )     249  
 
12) Equity affiliates: investments and loans
As from January 1st, 2010, jointly-controlled entities are consolidated under the equity method, as provided for in the alternative method of IAS 31 “Interests in joint ventures” (see Note 1 “Accounting policies” paragraphs A and V to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Until December 31, 2009, these entities were consolidated using the proportionate method.

Page 36


 

                                                 
                    As of December 31,              
Equity value   2010     2009     2008     2010     2009     2008  
(M€)   % owned     equity value  
 
NLNG
    15.00 %     15.00 %     15.00 %     1,108       1,136       1,135  
PetroCedeño — EM
    30.32 %     30.32 %     30.32 %     1,136       874       760  
CEPSA (Upstream share)
    48.83 %     48.83 %     48.83 %     340       385       403  
Angola LNG Ltd.
    13.60 %     13.60 %     13.60 %     710       490       326  
Qatargas
    10.00 %     10.00 %     10.00 %     85       83       251  
Société du Terminal Méthanier de Fos Cavaou
    28.03 %     28.79 %     30.30 %     125       124       114  
Dolphin Energy Ltd (Del) Abu Dhabi
    24.50 %     24.50 %     24.50 %     172       118       85  
Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited II (Train B)
    16.70 %     16.70 %     16.70 %     184       143       82  
Shtokman Development AG (a)
    25.00 %     25.00 %     25.00 %     214       162       35  
AMYRIS (b)
    22.03 %                 101              
Other
                      749       745       700  
Total associates
                            4,924       4,260       3,891  
Other
                      78              
Total jointly-controlled entities
                            78              
 
Total Upstream
                            5,002       4,260       3,891  
CEPSA (Downstream share)
    48.83 %     48.83 %     48.83 %     2,151       1,927       1,810  
Saudi Aramco Total Refining & Petrochemicals (Downstream share) (a)
    37.50 %     37.50 %     37.50 %     47       60       75  
Wepec
    22.41 %     22.41 %     22.41 %                  
Other
                      159       123       73  
Total associates
                            2,357       2,110       1,958  
SARA (d)
    50.00 %                 134              
TotalErg (b)
    49.00 %                 289              
Other
                      2              
Total jointly-controlled entities
                            425              
 
Total Downstream
                            2,782       2,110       1,958  
CEPSA (Chemicals share)
    48.83 %     48.83 %     48.83 %     411       396       424  
Qatar Petrochemical Company Ltd.
    20.00 %     20.00 %     20.00 %     221       205       192  
Saudi Aramco Total Refining & Petrochemicals (Chemicals share) (a)
    37.50 %     37.50 %     37.50 %     4       5       6  
Other
                      68       46       55  
Total associates
                            704       652       677  
Samsung Total Petrochemicals (d)
    50.00 %                 645              
Total jointly-controlled entities
                            645              
 
Total Chemicals
                            1,349       652       677  
Sanofi-Aventis (c)
          7.39 %     11.38 %           4,235       6,137  
Total associates
                                  4,235       6,137  
Total jointly-controlled entities
                                         
 
Total Corporate
                                  4,235       6,137  
 
Total investments
                            9,133       11,257       12,663  
Loans
                            2,383       2,367       2,005  
 
Total investments and loans
                            11,516       13,624       14,668  
 
(a)   Investment accounted for by the equity method as from 2008.
 
(b)   Investment accounted for by the equity method as from 2010.
 
(c)   End of the accounting for by the equity method of Sanofi-Aventis as of July 1st, 2010 (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
 
(d)   Change in the consolidation method as of January 1st, 2010.

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    As of December 31,     For the year ended December 31,  
Equity in income (loss)   2010     2009     2008     2010     2009     2008  
(M€)   % owned     Equity in income (loss)  
 
NLNG
    15.00 %     15.00 %     15.00 %     207       227       554  
PetroCedeño — EM
    30.32 %     30.32 %     30.32 %     195       166       193  
CEPSA (Upstream share)
    48.83 %     48.83 %     48.83 %     57       23       50  
Angola LNG Ltd.
    13.60 %     13.60 %     13.60 %     8       9       10  
Qatargas
    10.00 %     10.00 %     10.00 %     136       114       126  
Société du Terminal Méthanier de Fos Cavaou
    28.03 %     28.79 %     30.30 %                 (5 )
Dolphin Energy Ltd (Del) Abu Dhabi
    24.50 %     24.50 %     24.50 %     121       94       83  
Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited II (Train B)
    16.70 %     16.70 %     16.70 %     288       8       (11 )
Shtokman Development AG (a)
    25.00 %     25.00 %     25.00 %     (5 )     4        
AMYRIS (b)
    22.03 %                 (3 )                
Other
                      177       214       178  
Total associates
                            1,181       859       1,178  
Other
                      6              
Total jointly-controlled entities
                            6              
 
Total Upstream
                            1,187       859       1,178  
CEPSA (Downstream share)
    48.83 %     48.83 %     48.83 %     172       149       76  
Saudi Aramco Total Refining & Petrochemicals (Downstream share) (a)
    37.50 %     37.50 %     37.50 %     (19 )     (12 )      
Wepec
    22.41 %     22.41 %     22.41 %     29             (110 )
Other
                      47       81       (13 )
Total associates
                            229       218       (47 )
SARA (d)
    50.00 %                 31              
TotalErg (b)
    49.00 %                 (11 )            
Other
                      2              
Total jointly-controlled entities
                            22              
 
Total Downstream
                            251       218       (47 )
CEPSA (Chemicals share)
    48.83 %     48.83 %     48.83 %     78       10       10  
Qatar Petrochemical Company Ltd.
    20.00 %     20.00 %     20.00 %     84       74       66  
Saudi Aramco Total Refining & Petrochemicals (Chemicals share) (a)
    37.50 %     37.50 %     37.50 %     (1 )     (1 )      
Other
                      41       (4 )     (1 )
Total associates
                            202       79       75  
Samsung Total Petrochemicals (d)
    50.00 %                 104              
Total jointly-controlled entities
                            104              
 
Total Chemicals
                            306       79       75  
Sanofi-Aventis (c)
          7.39 %     11.38 %     209       486       515  
Total associates
                            209       486       515  
Total jointly-controlled entities
                                         
 
Total Corporate
                            209       486       515  
 
Total investments
                            1,953       1,642       1,721  
 
(a)   Investment accounted for by the equity method as from 2008.
 
(b)   Investment accounted for by the equity method as from 2010.
 
(c)   End of the accounting for by the equity method of Sanofi-Aventis as of July 1st, 2010 (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
 
(d)   Change in the consolidation method as of January 1st, 2010.
The market value of the Group’s share in CEPSA amounts to €2,389 million as of December 31, 2010 for an equity value of €2,902 million. The recoverable amount of CEPSA determined by reference to the value of discounted future cash flows being greater than the equity value, no impairment loss has been accounted for.

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In Group share, the main financial items of the equity affiliates are as follows :
                                                 
  2010     2009     2008  
            Jointly-             Jointly-             Jointly-  
As of December 31,            controlled             controlled             controlled  
(M€)   Associates     entities     Associates     entities     Associates     entities  
 
Assets
    19,192       2,770       22,681             23,173        
Shareholders’ equity
    7,985       1,148       11,257             12,663        
Liabilities
    11,207       1,622       11,424             10,510        
 
                                                 
  2010     2009     2008  
            Jointly-             Jointly-             Jointly-  
For the year ended December 31,            controlled             controlled             controlled  
(M€)   Associates     entities     Associates     entities     Associates     entities  
 
Revenues from sales
    16,529       2,575       14,434             19,982        
Pre-tax income
    2,389       166       2,168             2,412        
Income tax
    (568 )     (34 )     (526 )           (691 )      
 
Net income
    1,821       132       1,642               1,721          
 
13) Other investments
The investments detailed below are classified as “Financial assets available for sale” (see Note 1 paragraph M(ii) to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
                         
As of December 31, 2010   Carrying              
(M€)   amount     Unrealized gain (loss)     Balance sheet value  
 
Sanofi-Aventis (a)
    3,510       (56 )     3,454  
Areva (b)
    69       63       132  
Arkema
                 
Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group (c)
    1       9       10  
Olympia Energy Fund — energy investment fund (d)
    37       (3 )     34  
Other publicly traded equity securities
    2       (1 )     1  
 
Total publicly traded equity securities (e)
    3,619       12       3,631  
BBPP
    60             60  
BTC Limited
    141             141  
Other equity securities
    758             758  
 
Total other equity securities (e)
    959             959  
 
Other investments
    4,578       12       4,590  
 

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As of December 31, 2009   Carrying              
(M€)   amount     Unrealized gain (loss)     Balance sheet value  
 
Areva (b)
    69       58       127  
Arkema
    15       47       62  
Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group (c)
    1       9       10  
Olympia Energy Fund — energy investment fund (d)
    35       (2 )     33  
Other publicly traded equity securities
                 
 
Total publicly traded equity securities (e)
    120       112       232  
BBPP
    72             72  
BTC Limited
    144             144  
Other equity securities
    714             714  
 
Total other equity securities (e)
    930             930  
 
Other investments
    1,050       112       1,162  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2008   Carrying              
(M€)   amount     Unrealized gain (loss)     Balance sheet value  
 
Areva (b)
    69       59       128  
Arkema
    16       15       31  
Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group (c)
    1       5       6  
Olympia Energy Fund — energy investment fund (d)
    36       (5 )     31  
Other publicly traded equity securities
                 
 
Total publicly traded equity securities (e)
    122       74       196  
BBPP
    75             75  
BTC Limited
    161             161  
Other equity securities
    733             733  
 
Total other equity securities (e)
    969             969  
 
Other investments
    1,091       74       1,165  
 
(a)   End of the accounting for by the equity method of Sanofi-Aventis as of July 1st, 2010 (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
 
(b)   Unrealized gain based on the investment certificate.
 
(c)   The Nymex Holdings Inc. securities have been traded during the acquisition process running from June 11 to August 22, 2008 through which Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group acquired all the Nymex Holdings Inc. securities.
 
(d)   Securities acquired in 2008.
 
(e)   Including cumulative impairments of €597 million in 2010, €599 million in 2009 and €608 million in 2008.

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14) Other non-current assets
                         
As of December 31, 2010                  
(M€)   Gross value     Valuation allowance     Net value  
 
Deferred income tax assets
    1,378             1,378  
Loans and advances(a)
    2,060       (464 )     1,596  
Other
    681             681  
 
Total
    4,119       (464 )     3,655  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2009                  
(M€)   Gross value     Valuation allowance     Net value  
 
Deferred income tax assets
    1,164             1,164  
Loans and advances(a)
    1,871       (587 )     1,284  
Other
    633             633  
 
Total
    3,668       (587 )     3,081  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2008                  
(M€)   Gross value     Valuation allowance     Net value  
 
Deferred income tax assets
    1,010             1,010  
Loans and advances(a)
    1,932       (529 )     1,403  
Other
    631             631  
 
Total
    3,573       (529 )     3,044  
 
(a)   Excluding loans to equity affiliates.
Changes in the valuation allowance on loans and advances are detailed as follows:
                                         
                            Currency        
    Valuation                     translation     Valuation  
For the year ended December 31,   allowance as of                     adjustment and     allowance as of  
(M€)   January 1,     Increases     Decreases     other variations     December 31,  
 
2010
    (587 )     (33 )     220       (64 )     (464 )
2009
    (529 )     (19 )     29       (68 )     (587 )
2008
    (527 )     (33 )     52       (21 )     (529 )
 

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15) Inventories
                         
As of December 31, 2010                  
(M€)   Gross value     Valuation allowance     Net value  
 
Crude oil and natural gas
    4,990             4,990  
Refined products
    7,794       (28 )     7,766  
Chemicals products
    1,350       (99 )     1,251  
Other inventories
    1,911       (318 )     1,593  
 
Total
    16,045       (445 )     15,600  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2009                  
(M€)   Gross value     Valuation allowance     Net value  
 
Crude oil and natural gas
    4,581             4,581  
Refined products
    6,647       (18 )     6,629  
Chemicals products
    1,234       (113 )     1,121  
Other inventories
    1,822       (286 )     1,536  
 
Total
    14,284       (417 )     13,867  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2008                  
(M€)   Gross value     Valuation allowance     Net value  
 
Crude oil and natural gas
    2,772       (326 )     2,446  
Refined products
    4,954       (416 )     4,538  
Chemicals products
    1,419       (105 )     1,314  
Other inventories
    1,591       (268 )     1,323  
 
Total
    10,736       (1,115 )     9,621  
 
Changes in the valuation allowance on inventories are as follows:
                                 
                    Currency        
                    translation        
For the year ended December 31,   Valuation allowance             adjustment and     Valuation allowance  
(M€)   as of January 1,     Increase (net)     other variations     as of December 31,  
 
2010
    (417 )     (39 )     11       (445 )
2009
    (1,115 )     700       (2 )     (417 )
2008
    (325 )     (740 )     (50 )     (1,115 )
 

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16) Accounts receivable and other current assets
                         
As of December 31, 2010   Gross     Valuation     Net  
(M€)   value     allowance     value  
 
Accounts receivable
    18,635       (476 )     18,159  
 
Recoverable taxes
    2,227             2,227  
Other operating receivables
    4,543       (136 )     4,407  
Deferred income tax
    151             151  
Prepaid expenses
    657             657  
Other current assets
    41             41  
 
Other current assets
    7,619       (136 )     7,483  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2009   Gross     Valuation     Net  
(M€)   value     allowance     value  
 
Accounts receivable
    16,187       (468 )     15,719  
 
Recoverable taxes
    2,156             2,156  
Other operating receivables
    5,214       (69 )     5,145  
Deferred income tax
    214             214  
Prepaid expenses
    638             638  
Other current assets
    45             45  
 
Other current assets
    8,267       (69 )     8,198  
 
                         
As of December 31, 2008   Gross     Valuation     Net  
(M€)   value     allowance     value  
 
Accounts receivable
    15,747       (460 )     15,287  
 
Recoverable taxes
    2,510             2,510  
Other operating receivables
    6,227       (19 )     6,208  
Deferred income tax
    206             206  
Prepaid expenses
    650             650  
Other current assets
    68             68  
 
Other current assets
    9,661       (19 )     9,642  
 
Changes in the valuation allowance on “Accounts receivable” and “Other current assets” are as follows:
                                 
    Valuation             Currency translation     Valuation  
    allowance as of             adjustments and     allowance as of  
(M€)   January 1,     Increase (net)     other variations     December 31,  
 
Accounts receivable
                               
2010
    (468 )     (31 )     23       (476 )
2009
    (460 )     (17 )     9       (468 )
2008
    (482 )     9       13       (460 )
 
Other current assets
                               
2010
    (69 )     (66 )     (1 )     (136 )
2009
    (19 )     (14 )     (36 )     (69 )
2008
    (27 )     7       1       (19 )
As of December 31, 2010, the net portion of the overdue receivables included in “Accounts receivable” and “Other current assets” is €3,141 million, of which €1,885 million has expired for less than 90 days, €292 million has expired between 90 days and 6 months, €299 million has expired between 6 and 12 months and €665 million has expired for more than 12 months.
As of December 31, 2009, the net portion of the overdue receivables included in “Accounts receivable” and “Other current assets” is €3,610 million, of which €2,116 million has expired for less than 90 days, €486 million has expired

Page 43


 

between 90 days and 6 months, €246 million has expired between 6 and 12 months and €762 million has expired for more than 12 months.
As of December 31, 2008, the net portion of the overdue receivables included in “Accounts receivable” and “Other current assets” was €3,744 million, of which €2,420 million had expired for less than 90 days, €729 million had expired between 90 days and 6 months, €54 million had expired between 6 and 12 months and €541 million had expired for more than 12 months.
17) Shareholders’ equity
Number of TOTAL shares
The Company’s common shares, par value €2.50, as of December 31, 2010 are the only category of shares. Shares may be held in either bearer or registered form.
Double voting rights are granted to holders of shares that are fully-paid and held in the name of the same shareholder for at least two years, with due consideration for the total portion of the share capital represented. Double voting rights are also assigned to restricted shares in the event of an increase in share capital by incorporation of reserves, profits or premiums based on shares already held that are entitled to double voting rights.
Pursuant to the Company’s bylaws (Statuts), no shareholder may cast a vote at a shareholders’ meeting, either by himself or through an agent, representing more than 10% of the total voting rights for the Company’s shares. This limit applies to the aggregated amount of voting rights held directly, indirectly or through voting proxies. However, in the case of double voting rights, this limit may be extended to 20%.
These restrictions no longer apply if any individual or entity, acting alone or in concert, acquires at least two-thirds of the total share capital of the Company, directly or indirectly, following a public tender offer for all of the Company’s shares.
The authorized share capital amounts to 3,439,391,697 shares as of December 31, 2010 compared to 3,381,921,458 shares as of December 31, 2009 and 3,413,204,025 as of December 31, 2008.
             
Variation of the share capital
           
 
As of January 1, 2008
        2,395,532,097  
Shares issued in connection with:
  Capital increase reserved for employees     4,870,386  
 
  Exercise of TOTAL share subscription options     1,178,167  
 
  Exchange guarantee offered to the beneficiaries of Elf Aquitaine share subscription options     227,424  
Cancellation of shares(a)
        (30,000,000 )
 
As of January 1, 2009
        2,371,808,074  
Shares issued in connection with:
  Exercise of TOTAL share subscription options     934,780  
 
  Exchange guarantee offered to the beneficiaries of Elf Aquitaine share subscription options     480,030  
Cancellation of shares(b)
        (24,800,000 )
 
As of January 1, 2010
        2,348,422,884  
Shares issued in connection with:
  Exercise of TOTAL share subscription options     1,218,047  
 
As of December 31, 2010 (c)
        2,349,640,931  
 
(a)   Decided by the Board of Directors on July 31, 2008.
 
(b)   Decided by the Board of Directors on July 30, 2009.
 
(c)   Including 112,487,679 treasury shares deducted from consolidated shareholders’ equity.

Page 44


 

The variation of both weighted-average number of shares and weighted-average number of diluted shares respectively used in the calculation of earnings per share and fully-diluted earnings per share is detailed as follows:
                         
    2010     2009     2008  
Number of shares as of January 1,   2,348,422,884     2,371,808,074     2,395,532,097  
 
Number of shares issued during the year (pro rated)
                       
Exercise of TOTAL share subscription options
    412,114       221,393       742,588  
Exercise of TOTAL share purchase options
    984,800       93,827       2,426,827  
Exchange guarantee offered to the beneficiaries of Elf Aquitaine share subscription options
          393,623       86,162  
TOTAL restricted shares
    416,420       1,164,389       1,112,393  
Global free TOTAL share plan (a)
    15              
Capital increase reserved for employees
                3,246,924  
TOTAL shares held by TOTAL S.A. or by its subsidiaries and deducted from shareholders’ equity
    (115,407,190 )     (143,082,095 )     (168,290,440 )
 
Weighted-average number of shares
    2,234,829,043       2,230,599,211       2,234,856,551  
 
Dilutive effect
                       
TOTAL share subscription and purchase options
    1,758,006       1,711,961       6,784,200  
TOTAL restricted shares
    6,031,963       4,920,599       4,172,944  
Global free TOTAL share plan (a)
    1,504,071              
Exchange guarantee offered to the beneficiaries of Elf Aquitaine share subscription options
          60,428       460,935  
Capital increase reserved for employees
    371,493             383,912  
 
Weighted-average number of diluted shares
    2,244,494,576       2,237,292,199       2,246,658,542  
 
(a)   The Board of Directors approved on May 21, 2010 the implementation and conditions of a global free share plan intended for the Group employees.
Capital increase reserved for Group employees
Pursuant to the authorization granted by the shareholders’ meeting held on May 11, 2007, the Board of Directors, during its November 6, 2007 meeting, implemented a first capital increase reserved for employees within the limit of 12 million shares, at a price of €44.40 per share, with dividend rights as of January 1, 2007. The subscription period ran from March 10, 2008 to March 28, 2008. 4,870,386 shares were subscribed by employees pursuant to the capital increase.
At the shareholders’ meeting held on May 21, 2010, the shareholders delegated to the Board of Directors the authority to increase the share capital of the Company in one or more transactions and within a maximum period of 26 months from the date of the meeting, by an amount not exceeding 1.5% of the share capital outstanding on the date of the meeting of the Board of Directors at which a decision to proceed with an issuance is made reserving subscriptions for such issuance to the Group employees participating in a company savings plan. It is being specified that the amount of any such capital increase reserved for Group employees was counted against the aggregate maximum nominal amount of share capital increases authorized by the shareholders’ meeting held on May 21, 2010 for issuing new ordinary shares or other securities granting immediate or future access to the Company’s share capital with preferential subscription rights (€2.5 billion in nominal value).
Pursuant to this delegation of authorization, the Board of Directors, during its October 28, 2010 meeting, decided to proceed with a capital increase reserved for employees in 2011 within the limit of 12 million shares with dividend rights as of January 1, 2010 and delegated to the Chairman and CEO all powers to determine the opening and closing of the subscription period and the subscription price.
Share cancellation
Pursuant to the authorization granted by the shareholders’ meeting held on May 11, 2007 authorizing reduction of capital by cancellation of shares held by the Company within the limit of 10% of the outstanding capital every 24 months, the Board of Directors decided on July 30, 2009 to cancel 24,800,000 shares acquired in 2008 at an average price of €49.28 per share.
Treasury shares (TOTAL shares held by TOTAL S.A.)
As of December 31, 2010, TOTAL S.A. held 12,156,411 of its own shares, representing 0.52% of its share capital, detailed as follows:
    6,012,460 shares allocated to TOTAL restricted shares plans for Group employees;
 
    6,143,951 shares intended to be allocated to new TOTAL share purchase option plans or to new restricted shares plans.

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These shares are deducted from the consolidated shareholders’ equity.
As of December 31, 2009, TOTAL S.A. held 15,075,922 of its own shares, representing 0.64% of its share capital, detailed as follows:
    6,017,499 shares allocated to covering TOTAL share purchase option plans for Group employees and executive officers;
 
    5,799,400 shares allocated to TOTAL restricted shares plans for Group employees; and
 
    3,259,023 shares intended to be allocated to new TOTAL share purchase option plans or to new restricted shares plans.
These shares were deducted from the consolidated shareholders’ equity.
As of December 31, 2008, TOTAL S.A. held 42,750,827 of its own shares, representing 1.80% of its share capital, detailed as follows:
    12,627,522 shares allocated to covering TOTAL share purchase option plans for Group employees;
 
    5,323,305 shares allocated to TOTAL restricted shares plans for Group employees; and
 
    24,800,000 shares purchased for cancellation between January and October 2008 pursuant to the authorization granted by the shareholders’ meetings held on May 11, 2007 and May 16, 2008. The Board of Directors on July 30, 2009 decided to cancel these 24,800,000 shares acquired at an average price of €49.28 per share.
These shares were deducted from the consolidated shareholders’ equity.
TOTAL shares held by Group subsidiaries
As of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, TOTAL S.A. held indirectly through its subsidiaries 100,331,268 of its own shares, representing 4.27% of its share capital as of December 31, 2010, 4.27% of its share capital as of December 31, 2009 and 4.23% of its share capital as of December 31, 2008 detailed as follows:
    2,023,672 shares held by a consolidated subsidiary, Total Nucléaire, 100% indirectly controlled by TOTAL S.A.; and
 
    98,307,596 shares held by subsidiaries of Elf Aquitaine (Financière Valorgest, Sogapar and Fingestval).
These shares are deducted from the consolidated shareholders’ equity.
Dividend
TOTAL S.A. paid on June 1, 2010 the balance of the dividend of €1.14 per share for the 2009 fiscal year (the ex-dividend date was May 27, 2010). In addition, TOTAL S.A. paid on November 17, 2010 an interim dividend of €1.14 per share for the fiscal year 2010 (the ex-dividend date was November 12, 2010).
A resolution will be submitted at the shareholders’ meeting on May 13, 2011 to pay a dividend of €2.28 per share for the 2010 fiscal year, i.e. a balance of €1.14 per share to be distributed after deducting the interim dividend of €1.14 already paid.
Paid-in surplus
In accordance with French law, the paid-in surplus corresponds to share premiums of the parent company which can be capitalized or used to offset losses if the legal reserve has reached its minimum required level. The amount of the paid-in surplus may also be distributed subject to taxation unless the unrestricted reserves of the parent company are distributed prior to this item.
As of December 31, 2010, paid-in surplus amounted to €27,208 million (€27,171 million as of December 31, 2009 and €28,284 million as of December 31, 2008).
Reserves
Under French law, 5% of net income must be transferred to the legal reserve until the legal reserve reaches 10% of the nominal value of the share capital. This reserve cannot be distributed to the shareholders other than upon liquidation but can be used to offset losses.
If wholly distributed, the unrestricted reserves of the parent company would be taxed for an approximate amount of €514 million as of December 31, 2010 (€514 million as of December 31, 2009).

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Other comprehensive income
Detail of other comprehensive income showing items reclassified from equity to net income is presented in the table below:
                                                 
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
 
                                               
Currency translation adjustment
            2,231               (244 )             (722 )
- Unrealized gain/(loss) of the period
    2,234               (243 )             (722 )        
- Less gain/(loss) included in net income
    3               1                        
 
                                               
Available for sale financial assets
            (100 )             38               (254 )
- Unrealized gain/(loss) of the period
    (50 )             38               (254 )        
- Less gain/(loss) included in net income
    50                                      
 
                                               
Cash flow hedge
            (80 )             128                
- Unrealized gain/(loss) of the period
    (195 )             349                        
- Less gain/(loss) included in net income
    (115 )             221                        
 
                                               
Share of other comprehensive income of equity affiliates, net amount
            302               234               173  
 
                                               
Other
            (7 )             (5 )             1  
- Unrealized gain/(loss) of the period
    (7 )             (5 )             1          
- Less gain/(loss) included in net income
                                         
 
                                               
Tax effect
            28               (38 )             30  
 
                                               
 
Total other comprehensive income, net amount
            2,374               113               (772 )
 
Tax effects relating to each component of other comprehensive income are as follows:
                                                                         
            2010                     2009                     2008        
     
For the year ended December 31,   Pre-tax     Tax     Net     Pre-tax     Tax     Net     Pre-tax     Tax     Net  
(M€)   amount     effect     amount     amount     effect     amount     amount     effect     amount  
 
Currency translation adjustment
    2,231             2,231       (244 )           (244 )     (722 )           (722 )
Available for sale financial assets
    (100 )     2       (98 )     38       4       42       (254 )     30       (224 )
Cash flow hedge
    (80 )     26       (54 )     128       (42 )     86                    
Share of other comprehensive income of equity affiliates, net amount
    302             302       234             234       173             173  
Other
    (7 )           (7 )     (5 )           (5 )     1             1  
 
Total other comprehensive income
    2,346       28       2,374       151       (38 )     113       (802 )     30       (772 )
 
18) Employee benefits obligations
Liabilities for employee benefits obligations consist of the following:
                         
As of December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Pension benefits liabilities
    1,268       1,236       1,187  
Other benefits liabilities
    605       592       608  
Restructuring reserves (early retirement plans)
    298       212       216  
 
Total
    2,171       2,040       2,011  
 
The Group’s main defined benefit pension plans are located in France, in the United Kingdom, in the United States, in Belgium and in Germany. Their main characteristics are the following:
    The benefits are usually based on the final salary and seniority;
 
    They are usually funded (pension fund or insurer); and
 
    They are closed to new employees who benefit from defined contribution pension plans.
The pension benefits include also termination indemnities and early retirement benefits.

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The other benefits are the employer contribution to post-employment medical care.
The fair value of the defined benefit obligation and plan assets in the Consolidated Financial Statements is detailed as follows:
                                                 
As of December 31,   Pension benefits     Other benefits  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008     2010     2009     2008  
 
Change in benefit obligation
                                               
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
    8,169       7,405       8,129       547       544       583  
Service cost
    159       134       143       11       10       14  
Interest cost
    441       428       416       29       30       24  
Curtailments
    (4 )     (5 )     (3 )     (3 )     (1 )      
Settlements
    (60 )     (3 )     (5 )                 (4 )
Special termination benefits
                      1              
Plan participants’ contributions
    11       10       12                    
Benefits paid
    (471 )     (484 )     (463 )     (33 )     (33 )     (37 )
Plan amendments
    28       118       12       1       (2 )     (12 )
Actuarial losses (gains)
    330       446       (248 )     57             (27 )
Foreign currency translation and other
    137       120       (588 )     13       (1 )     3  
 
Benefit obligation at year-end
    8,740       8,169       7,405       623       547       544  
 
                                               
Change in fair value of plan assets
                                               
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
    (6,286 )     (5,764 )     (6,604 )                  
Expected return on plan assets
    (396 )     (343 )     (402 )                  
Actuarial losses (gains)
    (163 )     (317 )     1,099                    
Settlements
    56       2       2                    
Plan participants’ contributions
    (11 )     (10 )     (12 )                  
Employer contributions (a)
    (269 )     (126 )     (855 )                  
Benefits paid
    394       396       375                    
Foreign currency translation and other
    (134 )     (124 )     633                    
 
Fair value of plan assets at year-end
    (6,809 )     (6,286 )     (5,764 )                  
 
                                               
 
Unfunded status
    1,931       1,883       1,641       623       547       544  
 
Unrecognized prior service cost
    (105 )     (153 )     (48 )     10       15       21  
Unrecognized actuarial (losses) gains
    (1,170 )     (1,045 )     (953 )     (28 )     30       43  
Asset ceiling
    9       9       5                    
 
Net recognized amount
    665       694       645       605       592       608  
 
Pension benefits and other benefits liabilities
    1,268       1,236       1,187       605       592       608  
Other non-current assets
    (603 )     (542 )     (542 )                  
 
(a)   In 2010, the Group covered certain employee pension benefit plans through insurance companies for an amount of €90 million (€757 million in 2008).
As of December 31, 2010, the fair value of pension benefits and other pension benefits which are entirely or partially funded amounted to €7,727 million and the present value of the unfunded benefits amounted to €1,636 million (against €7,206 million and €1,510 million respectively as of December 31, 2009 and €6,515 million and €1,434 million respectively as of December 31, 2008).

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The experience actuarial (gains) losses related to the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets are as follows:
                                 
For the year ended December 31,                        
(M€)   2010     2009     2008     2007  
 
Experience actuarial (gains) losses related to the defined benefit obligation
    (54 )     (108 )     12       80  
Experience actuarial (gains) losses related to the fair value of plan assets
    (163 )     (317 )     1,099       140  
 
                                         
As of December 31,                              
(M€)   2010     2009     2008     2007     2006  
 
Pension benefits
                                       
Benefit obligation
    8,740       8,169       7,405       8,129       8,742  
Fair value of plan assets
    (6,809 )     (6,286 )     (5,764 )     (6,604 )     (6,401 )
 
Unfunded status
    1,931       1,883       1,641       1,525       2,341  
 
 
                                       
Other benefits
                                       
Benefits obligation
    623       547       544       583       648  
Fair value of plan assets
                             
 
Unfunded status
    623       547       544       583       648  
 
The Group expects to contribute €251 million to its pension plans in 2011.
                 
Estimated future payments            
(M€)   Pension benefits     Other benefits  
 
2011
    487       38  
2012
    478       38  
2013
    477       38  
2014
    477       39  
2015
    497       40  
2016-2020
    2,628       203  
 
                         
Asset allocation   Pension benefits  
As of December 31,   2010     2009     2008  
 
Equity securities
    34 %     31 %     25 %
Debt securities
    60 %     62 %     56 %
Monetary
    3 %     3 %     16 %
Real estate
    3 %     4 %     3 %
 

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The Group’s assumptions of expected returns on assets are built up by asset class and by country based on long-term bond yields and risk premiums.
The discount rate retained corresponds to the rate of prime corporate bonds according to a benchmark per country of different market data on the closing date.
                                                         
Assumptions used to determine benefits obligations           Pension benefits     Other benefits  
As of December 31,           2010     2009     2008     2010     2009     2008  
 
Discount rate (weighted average for all regions)
            5.01 %     5.41 %     5.93 %     5.00 %     5.60 %     6.00 %
Of which Euro zone
      4.58 %     5.12 %     5.72 %     4.55 %     5.18 %     5.74 %
Of which United States
      5.49 %     6.00 %     6.23 %     5.42 %     5.99 %     6.21 %
Of which United Kingdom
      5.50 %     5.50 %     6.00 %                 6.00 %
Average expected rate of salary increase
            4.55 %     4.50 %     4.56 %                  
Expected rate of healthcare inflation
                                                       
- initial rate
                              4.82 %     4.91 %     4.88 %
- ultimate rate
                              3.75 %     3.79 %     3.64 %
 
                                                         
Assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit cost (income)           Pension benefits     Other benefits  
For the year ended December 31,           2010     2009     2008     2010     2009     2008  
 
Discount rate (weighted average for all regions)
            5.41 %     5.93 %     5.50 %     5.60 %     6.00 %     5.50 %
Of which Euro zone
      5.12 %     5.72 %     5.15 %     5.18 %     5.74 %     5.14 %
Of which United States
      6.00 %     6.23 %     6.00 %     5.99 %     6.21 %     5.98 %
Of which United Kingdom
      5.50 %     6.00 %     5.75 %           6.00 %     5.75 %
Average expected rate of salary increase
            4.50 %     4.56 %     4.29 %                  
Expected return on plan assets
            6.39 %     6.14 %     6.60 %                  
Expected rate of healthcare inflation
                                                       
- initial rate
                              4.91 %     4.88 %     5.16 %
- ultimate rate
                              3.79 %     3.64 %     3.64 %
 
A 0.5% increase or decrease in discount rates — all other things being equal — would have the following approximate impact:
                 
(M€)   0.5% increase     0.5% decrease  
 
Benefit obligation as of December 31, 2010
    (520 )     574  
2011 net periodic benefit cost (income)
    (19 )     52  
 
A 0.5% increase or decrease in expected return on plan assets rate — all other things being equal — would have an impact of €30 million on 2011 net periodic benefit cost (income).
The components of the net periodic benefit cost (income) in 2010, 2009 and 2008 are:
                                                 
For the year ended December 31,   Pension benefits     Other benefits  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008     2010     2009     2008  
 
Service cost
    159       134       143       11       10       14  
Interest cost
    441       428       416       29       30       24  
Expected return on plan assets
    (396 )     (343 )     (402 )                  
Amortization of prior service cost
    74       13       34       (5 )     (7 )     (10 )
Amortization of actuarial losses (gains)
    66       50       22       (4 )     (6 )     (2 )
Asset ceiling
    (3 )     4       1                    
Curtailments
    (3 )     (4 )     (3 )     (3 )     (1 )      
Settlements
    7       (1 )     (2 )                 (3 )
Special termination benefits
                      1              
 
Net periodic benefit cost (income)
    345       281       209       29       26       23  
 

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A positive or negative change of one-percentage-point in the healthcare inflation rate would have the following approximate impact:
                 
(M€)   1% point increase     1% point decrease  
 
Benefit obligation as of December 31, 2010
    63       (52 )
2010 net periodic benefit cost (income)
    5       (4 )
 
19) Provisions and other non-current liabilities
                         
As of December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Litigations and accrued penalty claims
    485       423       546  
Provisions for environmental contingencies
    644       623       558  
Asset retirement obligations
    5,917       5,469       4,500  
Other non-current provisions
    1,116       1,331       1,804  
Other non-current liabilities
    936       1,535       450  
 
Total
    9,098       9,381       7,858  
 
In 2010, litigation reserves mainly include a provision covering risks concerning antitrust investigations related to Arkema amounting to €17 million as of December 31, 2010. Other risks and commitments that give rise to contingent liabilities are described in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In 2010, other non-current provisions mainly include:
    The contingency reserve related to the Toulouse-AZF plant explosion (civil liability) for €31 million as of December 31, 2010;
 
    Provisions related to restructuring activities in the Downstream and Chemicals segments for €261 million as of December 31, 2010; and
 
    The contingency reserve related to the Buncefield depot explosion (civil liability) for €194 million as of December 31, 2010.
In 2010, other non-current liabilities mainly include debts (whose maturity is more than one year) related to fixed assets acquisitions.
In 2009, litigation reserves mainly include a provision covering risks concerning antitrust investigations related to Arkema amounting to €43 million as of December 31, 2009. Other risks and commitments that give rise to contingent liabilities are described in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In 2009, other non-current provisions mainly include:
    The contingency reserve related to the Toulouse-AZF plant explosion (civil liability) for €40 million as of December 31, 2009;
 
    Provisions related to restructuring activities in the Downstream and Chemicals segments for €130 million as of December 31, 2009; and
 
    The contingency reserve related to the Buncefield depot explosion (civil liability) for €295 million as of December 31, 2009.
In 2009, other non-current liabilities mainly include debts (whose maturity is more than one year) related to fixed assets acquisitions. This heading is mainly composed of a €818 million debt related to Chesapeake acquisition (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In 2008, litigation reserves mainly included a provision covering risks concerning antitrust investigations related to Arkema amounting to €85 million as of December 31, 2008. Other risks and commitments that give rise to contingent liabilities are described in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In 2008, other non-current provisions mainly included the contingency reserve related to the Toulouse-AZF plant explosion (civil liability) for €256 million as of December 31, 2008.

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Changes in provisions and other non-current liabilities
Changes in provisions and other non-current liabilities are as follows :
                                                 
                            Currency                
    As of                     translation             As of  
(M€)   January 1,     Allowances     Reversals     adjustment     Other     December 31,  
 
2010
    9,381       1,052       (971 )     497       (861 )     9,098  
2009
    7,858       1,254       (1,413 )     202       1,480       9,381  
2008
    6,843       1,424       (864 )     (460 )     915       7,858  
 
Allowances
In 2010, allowances of the period (€1,052 million) mainly include:
    Asset retirement obligations for €338 million (accretion);
 
    Environmental contingencies for €88 million in the Downstream and Chemicals segments;
 
    The contingency reserve related to the Buncefield depot explosion (civil liability) for €79 million; and
 
    Provisions related to restructuring of activities for €226 million.
In 2009, allowances of the period (€1,254 million) mainly included:
    Asset retirement obligations for €283 million (accretion);
 
    Environmental contingencies for €147 million in the Downstream and Chemicals segments;
 
    The contingency reserve related to the Buncefield depot explosion (civil liability) for €223 million; and
 
    Provisions related to restructuring of activities for €121 million.
In 2008, allowances of the period (€1,424 million) mainly included:
    Asset retirement obligations for €229 million (accretion);
 
    The contingency reserve related to the Toulouse-AZF plant explosion (civil liability) for €140 million;
 
    Environmental contingencies for €89 million;
 
    An allowance of €48 million for litigation reserves in connection with antitrust investigations, as described in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements “Other risks and contingent liabilities”; and
 
    Provisions related to restructuring of activities for €27 million.
Reversals
In 2010, reversals of the period (€971 million) mainly relate to the following incurred expenses:
    Provisions for asset retirement obligations for €214 million;
 
    €26 million for litigation reserves in connection with antitrust investigations;
 
    Environmental contingencies written back for €66 million;
 
    The contingency reserve related to the Toulouse-AZF plant explosion (civil liability), written back for €9 million;
 
    The contingency reserve related to the Buncefield depot explosion (civil liability), written back for €190 million; and
 
    Provisions for restructuring and social plans written back for €60 million.

Page 52


 

In 2009, reversals of the period (€1,413 million) were mainly related to the following incurred expenses:
    Provisions for asset retirement obligations for €191 million;
 
    €52 million for litigation reserves in connection with antitrust investigations;
 
    Environmental contingencies written back for €86 million;
 
    The contingency reserve related to the Toulouse-AZF plant explosion (civil liability), written back for €216 million;
 
    The contingency reserve related to the Buncefield depot explosion (civil liability), written back for €375 million; and
 
    Provisions for restructuring and social plans written back for €28 million.
In 2008, reversals of the period (€864 million) were mainly related to the following incurred expenses:
    Provisions for asset retirement obligations for €280 million;
 
    €163 million for litigation reserves in connection with antitrust investigations;
 
    Environmental contingencies written back for €96 million;
 
    The contingency reserve related to the Toulouse-AZF plant explosion (civil liability), written back for €18 million; and
 
    Provisions for restructuring and social plans written back for €10 million.
Changes in the asset retirement obligation
Changes in the asset retirement obligation are as follows:
                                                                 
                                    Spending on     Currency                
    As of             Revision in     New     existing     translation             As of  
(M€)   January 1,     Accretion     estimates     obligations     obligations     adjustment     Other     December 31,  
 
2010
    5,469       338       79       175       (214 )     316       (246 )     5,917  
2009
    4,500       283       447       179       (191 )     232       19       5,469  
2008
    4,206       229       563       188       (280 )     (414 )     8       4,500  
 
20) Financial debt and related financial instruments
A) Non-current financial debt and related financial instruments
                         
As of December 31, 2010                  
(M€)                  
(Assets) / Liabilities   Secured     Unsecured     Total  
 
Non-current financial debt
    287       20,496       20,783  
of which hedging instruments of non-current financial debt (liabilities)
          178       178  
Hedging instruments of non-current financial debt (assets) (a)
          (1,870 )     (1,870 )
 
Non-current financial debt — net of hedging instruments
    287       18,626       18,913  
 
 
                       
Bonds after fair value hedge
          15,491       15,491  
Fixed rate bonds and bonds after cash flow hedge
          2,836       2,836  
Bank and other, floating rate
    47       189       236  
Bank and other, fixed rate
    65       110       175  
Financial lease obligations
    175             175  
 
Non-current financial debt — net of hedging instruments
    287       18,626       18,913  
 
(a)   See the description of these hedging instruments in Notes 1 paragraph M (iii) “Long-term financing”, 28 and 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Page 53


 

                         
As of December 31, 2009                  
(M€)                  
(Assets) / Liabilities   Secured     Unsecured     Total  
 
Non-current financial debt
    312       19,125       19,437  
of which hedging instruments of non-current financial debt (liabilities)
          241       241  
Hedging instruments of non-current financial debt (assets) (a)
          (1,025 )     (1,025 )
 
Non-current financial debt — net of hedging instruments
    312       18,100       18,412  
 
 
                       
Bonds after fair value hedge
          15,884       15,884  
Fixed rate bonds and bonds after cash flow hedge
          1,700       1,700  
Bank and other, floating rate
    60       379       439  
Bank and other, fixed rate
    50       79       129  
Financial lease obligations
    202       58       260  
 
Non-current financial debt — net of hedging instruments
    312       18,100       18,412  
 
(a)   See the description of these hedging instruments in Notes 1 paragraph M(iii) “Long-term financing”, 28 and 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
                         
As of December 31, 2008                  
(M€)                  
(Assets) / Liabilities   Secured     Unsecured     Total  
 
Non-current financial debt
    895       15,296       16,191  
of which hedging instruments of non-current financial debt (liabilities)
          440       440  
Hedging instruments of non-current financial debt (assets) (a)
          (892 )     (892 )
 
Non-current financial debt — net of hedging instruments
    895       14,404       15,299  
 
 
                       
Bonds after fair value hedge
          13,380       13,380  
Fixed rate bonds and bonds after cash flow hedge
          287       287  
Bank and other, floating rate
    553       665       1,218  
Bank and other, fixed rate
    140       6       146  
Financial lease obligations
    202       66       268  
 
Non-current financial debt — net of hedging instruments
    895       14,404       15,299  
 
(a)   See the description of these hedging instruments in Notes 1 paragraph M(iii) “Long-term financing”, 28 and 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Page 54


 

Fair value of bonds, as of December 31, 2010, after taking into account currency and interest rates swaps, is detailed as follows:
                                                         
            Fair value after   Fair value after   Fair value after                    
            hedging as of   hedging as of   hedging as of                    
Bonds after fair value hedge   Year of   December 31,   December 31,   December 31,                   Initial rate before hedging
(M€)   issue   2010   2009   2008   Currency   Maturity   instruments
 
Parent company
                                                       
Bond
    1997                   124     FRF     2009       6.200 %
Bond
    1998                   119     FRF     2009       5.125 %
Bond
    1998       125       116       121     FRF     2013       5.000 %
Bond
    2000             61       63     EUR     2010       5.650 %
Current portion (less than one year)
                  (61 )     (243 )                        
 
Total parent company
            125       116       184                          
 
Elf Aquitaine SA
                                                       
Bond
    1999                   1 003     EUR     2009       4.500 %
Current portion (less than one year)
                        (1 003 )                        
 
Total Elf Aquitaine SA
                        -                          
 
TOTAL CAPITAL (a)
                                                       
Bond
    2002       15       14       14     USD     2012       5.890 %
Bond
    2003                   52     AUD     2009       6.250 %
Bond
    2003                   154     CHF     2009       2.385 %
Bond
    2003             160       166     CHF     2010       2.385 %
Bond
    2003       22       21       22     USD     2013       4.500 %
Bond
    2003-2004                   395     USD     2009       3.500 %
Bond
    2004                   57     AUD     2009       6.000 %
Bond
    2004                   28     AUD     2009       6.000 %
Bond
    2004             53       55     CAD     2010       4.000 %
Bond
    2004             113       117     CHF     2010       2.385 %
Bond
    2004             438       454     EUR     2010       3.750 %
Bond
    2004             322       334     GBP     2010       4.875 %
Bond
    2004             128       132     GBP     2010       4.875 %
Bond
    2004             185       191     GBP     2010       4.875 %
Bond
    2004       57       53       55     AUD     2011       5.750 %
Bond
    2004       116       107       111     CAD     2011       4.875 %
Bond
    2004       235       203       216     USD     2011       4.125 %
Bond
    2004       75       69       72     USD     2011       4.125 %
Bond
    2004       125       116       120     CHF     2012       2.375 %
Bond
    2004       51       47       49     NZD     2014       6.750 %
Bond
    2005                   36     USD     2009       3.500 %
Bond
    2005       57       53       55     AUD     2011       5.750 %
Bond
    2005       60       56       58     CAD     2011       4.000 %
Bond
    2005       120       112       116     CHF     2011       1.625 %
Bond
    2005       226       226       226     CHF     2011       1.625 %
Bond
    2005       139       144       144     USD     2011       4.125 %
Bond
    2005       63       63       63     AUD     2012       5.750 %
Bond
    2005       194       180       187     CHF     2012       2.135 %
Bond
    2005       65       65       65     CHF     2012       2.135 %
Bond
    2005       97       97       98     CHF     2012       2.375 %
Bond
    2005       391       363       376     EUR     2012       3.250 %
Bond
    2005       57       57       57     NZD     2012       6.500 %
Bond
    2006             75       75     GBP     2010       4.875 %
Bond
    2006             50       50     EUR     2010       3.750 %
Bond
    2006             50       50     EUR     2010       3.750 %
Bond
    2006             100       102     EUR     2010       3.750 %
Bond
    2006       42       42       42     EUR     2011     EURIBOR 3 months +0.040%
Bond
    2006       300       300       300     EUR     2011       3.875 %
Bond
    2006       150       150       150     EUR     2011       3.875 %
Bond
    2006       300       300       300     EUR     2011       3.875 %
Bond
    2006       120       120       120     USD     2011       5.000 %
Bond
    2006       300       300       300     EUR     2011       3.875 %
Bond
    2006       472       472       473     USD     2011       5.000 %
Bond
    2006       62       62       62     AUD     2012       5.625 %
Bond
    2006       72       72       72     CAD     2012       4.125 %
Bond
    2006       100       100       100     EUR     2012       3.250 %
Bond
    2006       74       74       74     GBP     2012       4.625 %
Bond
    2006       100       100       100     EUR     2012       3.250 %
Bond
    2006       125       125       125     CHF     2013       2.510 %
Bond
    2006       127       127       127     CHF     2014       2.635 %
Bond
    2006       130       130       130     CHF     2016       2.385 %
Bond
    2006       65       65       65     CHF     2016       2.385 %
Bond
    2006       64       64       64     CHF     2016       2.385 %
Bond
    2006       63       63       64     CHF     2016       2.385 %
Bond
    2006       129       129       129     CHF     2018       3.135 %
Bond
    2007             60       60     CHF     2010       2.385 %
Bond
    2007             74       74     GBP     2010       4.875 %
Bond
    2007       77       77       77     USD     2011       5.000 %
Bond
    2007       370       370       370     USD     2012       5.000 %
Bond
    2007       222       222       222     USD     2012       5.000 %
Bond
    2007       61       61       61     AUD     2012       6.500 %
Bond
    2007       72       72       72     CAD     2012       4.125 %
Bond
    2007       71       71       71     GBP     2012       4.625 %
Bond
    2007       300       300       300     EUR     2013       4.125 %
Bond
    2007       73       73       74     GBP     2013       5.500 %
Bond
    2007       306       306       306     GBP     2013       5.500 %
Bond
    2007       72       72       73     GBP     2013       5.500 %
Bond
    2007       248       248       248     CHF     2014       2.635 %

Page 55


 

                                                         
            Fair value after   Fair value after   Fair value after                    
            hedging as of   hedging as of   hedging as of                    
Bonds after fair value hedge   Year of   December 31,   December 31,   December 31,                   Initial rate before hedging
(M€)   issue   2010   2009   2008   Currency   Maturity   instruments
 
TOTAL CAPITAL (a)
                                                       
Bond
    2007       31       31       31     JPY     2014       1.505 %
Bond
    2007       61       61       61     CHF     2014       2.635 %
Bond
    2007       49       49       49     JPY     2014       1.723 %
Bond
    2007       121       121       121     CHF     2015       3.125 %
Bond
    2007       300       300       300     EUR     2017       4.700 %
Bond
    2007       76       76       76     CHF     2018       3.135 %
Bond
    2007       60       60       60     CHF     2018       3.135 %
Bond
    2008             63       63     GBP     2010       4.875 %
Bond
    2008             66       66     GBP     2010       4.875 %
Bond
    2008       92       92       92     AUD     2011       7.500 %
Bond
    2008       100       100       100     EUR     2011       3.875 %
Bond
    2008       150       150       151     EUR     2011       3.875 %
Bond
    2008       50       50       50     EUR     2011       3.875 %
Bond
    2008       50       50       50     EUR     2011       3.875 %
Bond
    2008       60       60       60     JPY     2011   EURIBOR 6 months + 0.018%
Bond
    2008       102       102       102     USD     2011       3.750 %
Bond
    2008       62       62       62     CHF     2012       2.135 %
Bond
    2008       124       124       124     CHF     2012       3.635 %
Bond
    2008       46       46       46     CHF     2012       2.385 %
Bond
    2008       92       92       92     CHF     2012       2.385 %
Bond
    2008       64       64       64     CHF     2012       2.385 %
Bond
    2008       50       50       50     EUR     2012       3.250 %
Bond
    2008       63       63       63     GBP     2012       4.625 %
Bond
    2008       63       63       63     GBP     2012       4.625 %
Bond
    2008       63       63       64     GBP     2012       4.625 %
Bond
    2008       62       62       62     NOK     2012       6.000 %
Bond
    2008       69       69       69     USD     2012       5.000 %
Bond
    2008       60       60       60     AUD     2013       7.500 %
Bond
    2008       61       61       61     AUD     2013       7.500 %
Bond
    2008       127       127       128     CHF     2013       3.135 %
Bond
    2008       62       62       63     CHF     2013       3.135 %
Bond
    2008       200       200       200     EUR     2013       4.125 %
Bond
    2008       100       100       100     EUR     2013       4.125 %
Bond
    2008       1,000       1,000       1,002     EUR     2013       4.750 %
Bond
    2008       63       63       63     GBP     2013       5.500 %
Bond
    2008       149       149       149     JPY     2013   EURIBOR 6 months + 0.008%
Bond
    2008       191       191       194     USD     2013       4.000 %
Bond
    2008       61       61       61     CHF     2015       3.135 %
Bond
    2008       62       62       62     CHF     2015       3.135 %
Bond
    2008       61       61       62     CHF     2015       3.135 %
Bond
    2008       62       62       62     CHF     2018       3.135 %
Bond
    2009       56       56           AUD     2013       5.500 %
Bond
    2009       54       54           AUD     2013       5.500 %
Bond
    2009       236       236           CHF     2013       2.500 %
Bond
    2009       77       77           USD     2013       4.000 %
Bond
    2009       131       131           CHF     2014       2.625 %
Bond
    2009       997       998           EUR     2014       3.500 %
Bond
    2009       150       150           EUR     2014       3.500 %
Bond
    2009       40       40           HKD     2014       3.240 %
Bond
    2009       103       96           AUD     2015       6.000 %
Bond
    2009       550       550           EUR     2015       3.625 %
Bond
    2009       684       684           USD     2015       3.125 %
Bond
    2009       224       208           USD     2015       3.125 %
Bond
    2009       99       99           CHF     2016       2.385 %
Bond
    2009       115       115           GBP     2017       4.250 %
Bond
    2009       225       225           GBP     2017       4.250 %
Bond
    2009       448       448           EUR     2019       4.875 %
Bond
    2009       69       69           HKD     2019       4.180 %
Bond
    2009       374       347           USD     2021       4.250 %
Bond
    2010       102                     AUD     2014       5.750 %
Bond
    2010       108                     CAD     2014       2.500 %
Bond
    2010       53                     NZD     2014       4.750 %
Bond
    2010       187                     USD     2015       2.875 %
Bond
    2010       935                     USD     2015       3.000 %
Bond
    2010       748                     USD     2016       2.300 %
Bond
    2010       68                     AUD     2015       6.000 %
Bond
    2010       69                     AUD     2015       6.000 %
Bond
    2010       64                     AUD     2015       6.000 %
Bond
    2010       476                     EUR     2022       3.125 %
Current portion (less than one year)
            (3,450 )     (1,937 )     (722 )                        
Total TOTAL CAPITAL
            15,143       15,615       13,093                          
 
 
                                                       
Other consolidated subsidiaries
            223       153       103                          
 
                                                       
Total bonds after fair value hedge
            15,491       15,884       13,380                          
 

Page 56


 

                                                         
            Amount after   Amount after   Amount after                    
            hedging as of   hedging as of   hedging as of                   Initial rate before
Fixed rate bonds and bonds after cash flow hedge   Year of   December 31,   December 31,   December 31,                   hedging
(M€)   issue   2010   2009   2008   Currency   Maturity   instruments
 
TOTAL CAPITAL (a)
                                                       
Bond
    2005       293       292       287     GBP     2012       4.625 %
Bond
    2009       691       602           EUR     2019       4.875 %
Bond
    2009       917       806           EUR     2024       5.125 %
Bond
    2010       935                     USD     2020       4.450 %
Total fixed rate bonds and bonds after cash flow hedge
            2,836       1,700       287                          
 
(a)   TOTAL CAPITAL is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of TOTAL S.A. (with the exception of one share held by each member of its Board of Directors). It acts as a financing vehicle for the Group. Its debt securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by TOTAL S.A. as to payment of principal, premium, if any, interest and any other amounts due.
Loan repayment schedule (excluding current portion)
                                         
            of which hedging                    
            instruments of     Hedging instruments of              
            non-current     non-current     Non-current financial        
As of December 31, 2010   Non-current     financial debt     financial debt     debt — net of hedging        
(M€)   financial debt     (liabilities)     (assets)     instruments     %  
 
2012
    3,756       34       ( 401 )     3,355       18 %
2013
    4,017       76       ( 473 )     3,544       19 %
2014
    2,508       1       ( 290 )     2,218       12 %
2015
    3,706       2       ( 302 )     3,404       18 %
2016 and beyond
    6,796       65       ( 404 )     6,392       33 %
 
Total
    20,783       178       (1 870 )     18,913       100 %
 
                                         
            of which hedging                    
            instruments of     Hedging instruments              
            non-current     of non-current     Non-current financial        
As of December 31, 2009   Non-current     financial debt     financial debt     debt — net of hedging        
(M€)   financial debt     (liabilities)     (assets)     instruments     %  
 
2011
    3,857       42       ( 199 )     3,658       20 %
2012
    3,468       48       ( 191 )     3,277       18 %
2013
    3,781       95       ( 236 )     3,545       19 %
2014
    2,199       6       ( 90 )     2,109       11 %
2015 and beyond
    6,132       50       ( 309 )     5,823       32 %
 
Total
    19,437       241       (1 025 )     18,412       100 %
 
                                         
            of which hedging                    
            instruments of     Hedging instruments              
            non-current     of non-current     Non-current financial        
As of December 31, 2008   Non-current     financial debt     financial debt     debt — net of hedging        
(M€)   financial debt     (liabilities)     (assets)     instruments     %  
 
2010
    3,160       170       ( 168 )     2,992       20 %
2011
    3,803       24       ( 145 )     3,658       24 %
2012
    3,503       115       ( 179 )     3,324       22 %
2013
    3,430       127       ( 198 )     3,232       21 %
2014 and beyond
    2,295       4       ( 202 )     2,093       13 %
 
Total
    16,191       440       ( 892 )     15,299       100 %
 

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Analysis by currency and interest rate
These analyses take into account interest rate and foreign currency swaps to hedge non-current financial debt.
                                                 
As of December 31,                                    
(M€)   2010     %     2009     %     2008     %  
 
U.S. Dollar
    7,248       39 %     3,962       21 %     3,990       26 %
Euro
    11,417       60 %     14,110       77 %     10,685       70 %
Other currencies
    248       1 %     340       2 %     624       4 %
 
Total
    18,913       100 %     18,412       100 %     15,299       100 %
 
                                                 
As of December 31,                                    
(M€)   2010     %     2009     %     2008     %  
 
Fixed rate
    3,177       17 %     2,064       11 %     633       4 %
Floating rate
    15,736       83 %     16,348       89 %     14,666       96 %
 
Total
    18,913       100 %     18,412       100 %     15,299       100 %
 
B) Current financial assets and liabilities
Current borrowings consist mainly of commercial papers or treasury bills or draws on bank loans. These instruments bear interest at rates that are close to market rates.
                         
As of December 31,            
(M€)   2010   2009   2008
 
(Assets) / Liabilities
                       
Current financial debt (a)
    5,867       4,761       5,586  
Current portion of non-current financial debt
    3,786       2,233       2,136  
 
Current borrowings (note 28)
    9,653       6,994       7,722  
 
                       
Current portion of hedging instruments of debt (liabilities)
    12       97       12  
Other current financial instruments (liabilities)
    147       26       146  
 
Other current financial liabilities (note 28)
    159       123       158  
 
                       
Current deposits beyond three months
    (869 )     (55 )     (1 )
Current portion of hedging instruments of debt (assets)
    (292 )     (197 )     (100 )
Other current financial instruments (assets)
    (44 )     (59 )     (86 )
 
Current financial assets (note 28)
    (1,205 )     (311 )     (187 )
 
                       
 
Current borrowings and related financial assets and liabilities, net
    8,607       6,806       7,693  
 
(a)   As of December 31, 2010, the current financial debt includes a commercial paper program in Total Capital Canada Ltd. Total Capital Canada Ltd. is a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of TOTAL S.A. It acts as a financing vehicle for the activities of the Group in Canada. Its debt securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by TOTAL S.A. as to payment of principal, premium, if any, interest and any other amounts due.

Page 58


 

C) Net-debt-to-equity ratio
For its internal and external communication needs, the Group calculates a debt ratio by dividing its net financial debt by equity. Shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2010 is calculated after distribution of a dividend of €2.28 per share of which €1.14 per share was paid on November 17, 2010.
The net-debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as follows:
                         
As of December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
(Assets) / Liabilities
                       
Current borrowings
    9,653       6,994       7,722  
Other current financial liabilities
    159       123       158  
Current financial assets
    (1,205 )     (311 )     (187 )
Non-current financial debt
    20,783       19,437       16,191  
Hedging instruments on non-current financial debt
    (1,870 )     (1,025 )     (892 )
Cash and cash equivalents
    (14,489 )     (11,662 )     (12,321 )
 
Net financial debt
    13,031       13,556       10,671  
 
                       
Shareholders’ equity — Group share
    60,414       52,552       48,992  
Estimated dividend payable
    (2,553 )     (2,546 )     (2,540 )
Minority interest
    857       987       958  
 
Total shareholder’s equity
    58,718       50,993       47,410  
 
                       
 
Net-debt-to-equity ratio
    22.2 %     26.6 %     22.5 %
 
21) Other creditors and accrued liabilities
                         
As of December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Accruals and deferred income
    184       223       151  
Payable to States (including taxes and duties)
    7,235       6,024       6,256  
Payroll
    996       955       928  
Other operating liabilities
    3,574       4,706       4,297  
 
Total
    11,989       11,908       11,632  
 
As of December 31, 2009, the heading “Other operating liabilities” mainly included €744 million related to Chesapeake acquisition (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

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22) Lease contracts
The Group leases real estate, retail stations, ships, and other equipments (see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
The future minimum lease payments on operating and finance leases to which the Group is committed are shown as follows:
                 
For the year ended December 31, 2010            
(M€)   Operating leases     Finance leases  
 
2011
    582       39  
2012
    422       39  
2013
    335       39  
2014
    274       35  
2015
    230       35  
2016 and beyond
    1,105       54  
 
Total minimum payments
    2,948       241  
Less financial expenses
          (43 )
 
Nominal value of contracts
          198  
Less current portion of finance lease contracts
          (23 )
 
Outstanding liability of finance lease contracts
          175  
 
                 
For the year ended December 31, 2009            
(M€)   Operating leases     Finance leases  
 
2010
    523       42  
2011
    377       43  
2012
    299       42  
2013
    243       41  
2014
    203       39  
2015 and beyond
    894       128  
 
Total minimum payments
    2,539       335  
Less financial expenses
          (53 )
 
Nominal value of contracts
          282  
Less current portion of finance lease contracts
          (22 )
 
Outstanding liability of finance lease contracts
          260  
 
                 
For the year ended December 31, 2008            
(M€)   Operating leases     Finance leases  
 
2009
    429       47  
2010
    306       42  
2011
    243       42  
2012
    208       42  
2013
    166       40  
2014 and beyond
    675       148  
 
Total minimum payments
    2,027       361  
Less financial expenses
          (70 )
 
Nominal value of contracts
          291  
Less current portion of finance lease contracts
          (23 )
 
Outstanding liability of finance lease contracts
          268  
 
Net rental expense incurred under operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2010 is €605 million (against €613 million in 2009 and €426 million in 2008).

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23) Commitments and contingencies
                                 
    Maturity and installments  
As of December 31, 2010           Less than 1     Between 1     More than 5  
(M€)   Total     year     and 5 years     years  
 
Non-current debt obligations net of hedging instruments (Note 20)
    18,738             12,392       6,346  
Current portion of non-current debt obligations net of hedging instruments (Note 20)
    3,483       3,483              
Finance lease obligations (Note 22)
    198       23       129       46  
Asset retirement obligations (Note 19)
    5,917       177       872       4,868  
 
Contractual obligations recorded in the balance sheet
    28,336       3,683       13,393       11,260  
Operating lease obligations (Note 22)
    2,948       582       1,261       1,105  
Purchase obligations
    61,293       6,347       14,427       40,519  
 
Contractual obligations not recorded in the balance sheet
    64,241       6,929       15,688       41,624  
 
Total of contractual obligations
    92,577       10,612       29,081       52,884  
 
 
Guarantees given for excise taxes
    1,753       1,594       71       88  
Guarantees given against borrowings
    5,005       1,333       493       3,179  
Indemnities related to sales of businesses
    37             31       6  
Guarantees of current liabilities
    171       147       19       5  
Guarantees to customers / suppliers
    3,020       1,621       96       1,303  
Letters of credit
    1,250       1,247             3  
Other operating commitments
    2,057       467       220       1,370  
 
Total of other commitments given
    13,293       6,409       930       5,954  
 
 
Mortgages and liens received
    429       2       114       313  
Other commitments received
    6,387       3,878       679       1,830  
 
Total of commitments received
    6,816       3,880       793       2,143  
 
                                 
    Maturity and installments  
As of December 31, 2009           Less than 1     Between 1     More than 5  
(M€)   Total     year     and 5 years     years  
 
Non-current debt obligations net of hedging instruments (Note 20)
    18,152             12,443       5,709  
Current portion of non-current debt obligations net of hedging instruments (Note 20)
    2,111       2,111              
Finance lease obligations (Note 22)
    282       22       146       114  
Asset retirement obligations (Note 19)
    5,469       235       972       4,262  
 
Contractual obligations recorded in the balance sheet
    26,014       2,368       13,561       10,085  
Operating lease obligations (Note 22)
    2,539       523       1,122       894  
Purchase obligations
    49,808       4,542       9,919       35,347  
 
Contractual obligations not recorded in the balance sheet
    52,347       5,065       11,041       36,241  
 
Total of contractual obligations
    78,361       7,433       24,602       46,326  
 
 
Guarantees given for excise taxes
    1,765       1,617       69       79  
Guarantees given against borrowings
    2,882       1,383       709       790  
Indemnities related to sales of businesses
    36             1       35  
Guarantees of current liabilities
    203       160       38       5  
Guarantees to customers / suppliers
    2,770       1,917       70       783  
Letters of credit
    1,499       1,485       2       12  
Other operating commitments
    765       582       103       80  
 
Total of other commitments given
    9,920       7,144       992       1,784  
 
 
Mortgages and liens received
    330       5       106       219  
Other commitments received
    5,637       3,187       481       1,969  
 
Total of commitments received
    5,967       3,192       587       2,188  
 

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    Maturity and installments  
As of December 31, 2008           Less than     Between 1     More than  
(M€)   Total     1 year     and 5 years     5 years  
 
Non-current debt obligations net of hedging instruments (Note 20)
    15,031             13,064       1,967  
Current portion of non-current debt obligations net of hedging instruments (Note 20)
    2,025       2,025              
Finance lease obligations (Note 22)
    291       23       142       126  
Asset retirement obligations (Note 19)
    4,500       154       653       3,693  
 
Contractual obligations recorded in the balance sheet
    21,847       2,202       13,859       5,786  
Operating lease obligations (Note 22)
    2,027       429       923       675  
Purchase obligations
    60,226       4,420       13,127       42,679  
 
Contractual obligations not recorded in the balance sheet
    62,253       4,849       14,050       43,354  
 
Total of contractual obligations
    84,100       7,051       27,909       49,140  
 
 
Guarantees given for excise taxes
    1,720       1,590       58       72  
Guarantees given against borrowings
    2,870       1,119       519       1,232  
Indemnities related to sales of businesses
    39       3       1       35  
Guarantees of current liabilities
    315       119       164       32  
Guarantees to customers / suppliers
    2,866       68       148       2,650  
Letters of credit
    1,080       1,024       17       39  
Other operating commitments
    648       246       132       270  
 
Total of other commitments given
    9,538       4,169       1,039       4,330  
 
 
Mortgages and liens received
    321       72       110       139  
Other commitments received
    4,218       2,440       234       1,544  
 
Total of commitments received
    4,539       2,512       344       1,683  
 
A. Contractual obligations
Debt obligations
“Non-current debt obligations” are included in the items “Non-current financial debt” and “Hedging instruments of non-current financial debt” of the Consolidated Balance Sheet. It includes the non-current portion of swaps hedging bonds, and excludes non-current finance lease obligations of €175 million.
The current portion of non-current debt is included in the items “Current borrowings”, “Current financial assets” and “Other current financial liabilities” of the Consolidated Balance Sheet. It includes the current portion of swaps hedging bonds, and excludes the current portion of finance lease obligations of €23 million.
The information regarding contractual obligations linked to indebtedness is presented in Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Lease contracts
The information regarding operating and finance leases is presented in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Asset retirement obligations
This item represents the discounted present value of Upstream asset retirement obligations, primarily asset removal costs at the completion date. The information regarding contractual obligations linked to asset retirement obligations is presented in Notes 1Q and 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Purchase obligations
Purchase obligations are obligations under contractual agreements to purchase goods or services, including capital projects. These obligations are enforceable and legally binding on the company and specify all significant terms, including the amount and the timing of the payments.
These obligations mainly include: hydrocarbon unconditional purchase contracts (except where an active, highly-liquid market exists and when the hydrocarbons are expected to be re-sold shortly after purchase), reservation of transport capacities in pipelines, unconditional exploration works and development works in the Upstream segment, and contracts for capital investment projects in the Downstream segment.

Page 62


 

B. Other commitments given
Guarantees given for excise taxes
They consist of guarantees given to other oil and gas companies in order to comply with French tax authorities’ requirements for oil and gas imports in France. A payment would be triggered by a failure of the guaranteed party with respect to the French tax authorities. The default of the guaranteed parties is however considered to be highly remote by the Group.
Guarantees given against borrowings
The Group guarantees bank debt and finance lease obligations of certain non-consolidated subsidiaries and equity affiliates. Maturity dates vary, and guarantees will terminate on payment and/or cancellation of the obligation. A payment would be triggered by failure of the guaranteed party to fulfill its obligation covered by the guarantee, and no assets are held as collateral for these guarantees. As of December 31, 2010, the maturities of these guarantees are up to 2023.
Guarantees given against borrowings include the guarantee given in 2008 by TOTAL S.A. in connection with the financing of the Yemen LNG project for an amount of €1,335 million. In turn, certain partners involved in this project have given commitments that could, in the case of Total S.A.’s guarantees being called for the maximum amount, reduce the Group’s exposure by up to €427 million, recorded under “Other commitments received”.
In 2010, TOTAL S.A. provided guarantees in connection with the financing of the Jubail project (operated by SAUDI ARAMCO TOTAL Refining and Petrochemical Company (SATORP)) of up to €2,385 million, proportional to TOTAL’s share in the project (37.5%). In addition, TOTAL S.A. provided in 2010 a guarantee in favor of its partner in the Jubail project (Saudi Arabian Oil Company) with respect to Total Refining Saudi Arabia SAS’s obligations under the shareholders agreement with respect to SATORP. As of December 31, 2010, this guarantee is of up to €1,271 million and has been recorded under “Other operating commitments”.
Indemnities related to sales of businesses
In the ordinary course of business, the Group executes contracts involving standard indemnities in oil industry and indemnities specific to transactions such as sales of businesses. These indemnities might include claims against any of the following: environmental, tax and shareholder matters, intellectual property rights, governmental regulations and employment-related matters, dealer, supplier, and other commercial contractual relationships. Performance under these indemnities would generally be triggered by a breach of terms of the contract or by a third party claim. The Group regularly evaluates the probability of having to incur costs associated with these indemnities.
The guarantees related to antitrust investigations granted as part of the agreement relating to the spin-off of Arkema are described in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other guarantees given
     Non-consolidated subsidiaries
The Group also guarantees the current liabilities of certain non-consolidated subsidiaries. Performance under these guarantees would be triggered by a financial default of the entity.
     Operating agreements
As part of normal ongoing business operations and consistent with generally and accepted recognized industry practices, the Group enters into numerous agreements with other parties. These commitments are often entered into for commercial purposes, for regulatory purposes or for other operating agreements.

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24) Related parties
The main transactions and balances with related parties (principally non-consolidated subsidiaries and equity affiliates) are detailed as follows:
                         
As of December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Balance sheet
                       
Receivables
                       
Debtors and other debtors
    432       293       244  
Loans (excl. loans to equity affiliates)
    315       438       354  
Payables
                       
Creditors and other creditors
    497       386       136  
Debts
    28       42       50  
 
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Statement of income
                       
Sales
    3,194       2,183       3,082  
Purchases
    5,576       2,958       4,061  
Financial expense
    69       1        
Financial income
    74       68       114  
 
Compensation for the administration and management bodies
The aggregate amount paid directly or indirectly by the French and foreign affiliates of the Company as compensation to the executive officers of TOTAL (the members of the Management Committee and the Treasurer) and to the members of the Board of Directors who are employees of the Group, is detailed as follows:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Number of people
    26       27       30  
 
Direct or indirect compensation
    20.8       19.4       20.4  
Pension expenses(a)
    12.2       10.6       11.9  
Other long-term benefits
                 
Termination benefits
                 
Share-based payments expense (IFRS 2)(b)
    10.0       11.2       16.6  
 
 
(a)   The benefits provided for executive officers and certain members of the Board of Directors, employees and former employees of the Group, include severance to be paid on retirement, supplementary pension schemes and insurance plans, which represent €113.8 million provisioned as of December 31, 2010 (against €96.6 million as of December 31, 2009 and €98.0 million as of December 31, 2008).
 
(b)   Share-based payments expense computed for the executive officers and the members of the Board of Directors who are employees of the Group as described in Note 25 paragraph E to the Consolidated Financial Statements and based on the principles of IFRS 2 “Share-based payments” described in Note 1 paragraph E to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The compensation allocated to members of the Board of Directors for directors’ fees totaled €0.96 million in 2010 (€0.97 million in 2009 and €0.83 million in 2008).

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25) Share-based payments
     A. TOTAL share subscription option plans
                                                                                 
                                                                            Weighted  
                                                                            average  
                                                                            exercise  
    2003 Plan     2004 Plan     2005 Plan     2006 Plan     2007 Plan     2008 Plan     2009 Plan     2010 Plan     Total     price  
 
Date of the shareholders’ meeting
    05/17/2001       05/14/2004       05/14/2004       05/14/2004       05/11/2007       05/11/2007       05/11/2007       05/21/2010                  
Grant Date (a)
    07/16/2003       07/20/2004       07/19/2005       07/18/2006       07/17/2007       10/09/2008       09/15/2009       09/14/2010                  
Exercise price until May 23, 2006 included (b)
    33.30       39.85       49.73                                                
Exercise price since May 24, 2006 (b)
    32.84       39.30       49.04       50.60       60.10       42.90       39.90       38.20                  
Expiry date
    07/16/2011       07/20/2012       07/19/2013       07/18/2014       07/17/2015       10/09/2016       09/15/2017       09/14/2018                  
 
Number of options (c)
                                                                               
Outstanding as of January 1, 2008
    8,368,378       13,197,236       6,243,438       5,711,060       5,920,105                               39,440,217       44.23  
Awarded
                                  4,449,810                       4,449,810       42.90  
Canceled
    (25,184 )     (118,140 )     (34,032 )     (53,304 )     (34,660 )     (6,000 )                     (271,320 )     44.88  
Exercised
    (841,846 )     (311,919 )     (17,702 )     (6,700 )                                 (1,178,167 )     34.89  
Outstanding as of January 1, 2009
    7,501,348       12,767,177       6,191,704       5,651,056       5,885,445       4,443,810                       42,440,540       44.35  
Awarded
                                        4,387,620               4,387,620       39.90  
Canceled
    (8,020 )     (18,387 )     (6,264 )     (5,370 )     (13,780 )     (2,180 )     (10,610 )             (64,611 )     45.04  
Exercised
    (681,699 )     (253,081 )                                           (934,780 )     34.59  
Outstanding as of January 1, 2010
    6,811,629       12,495,709       6,185,440       5,645,686       5,871,665       4,441,630       4,377,010               45,828,769       44.12  
Awarded
                                              4,788,420       4,788,420       38.20  
Canceled (d)
    (1,420 )     (15,660 )     (6,584 )     (4,800 )     (5,220 )     (92,472 )     (4,040 )     (1,120 )     (131,316 )     43.50  
Exercised
    (1,075,765 )     (141,202 )                             (1,080 )           (1,218,047 )     33.60  
Outstanding as of December 31, 2010
    5,734,444       12,338,847       6,178,856       5,640,886       5,866,445       4,349,158       4,371,890       4,787,300       49,267,826       43.80  
 
(a)   The grant date is the date of the Board meeting awarding the share subscription options, except for the grant of October 9, 2008, decided by the Board on September 9, 2008.
 
(b)   Exercise price in euro. The exercise prices of TOTAL subscription shares of the plans in force at that date were multiplied by 0.25 to take into account the four-for-one stock split on May 18, 2006. Moreover, following the spin-off of Arkema, the exercise prices of TOTAL subscription shares of these plans were multiplied by an adjustment factor equal to 0.986147 effective as of May 24, 2006.
 
(c)   The number of options awarded, outstanding, canceled or exercised before May 23, 2006 included, was multiplied by four to take into account the four-for-one stock split approved by the shareholders’ meeting on May 12, 2006.
 
(d)   Out of 92,472 options awarded under the 2008 Plan that were canceled, 88,532 options were canceled due to the performance condition. The acquisition rate applicable to the subscription options that were subject to the performance condition of the 2008 Plan was 60%.
Options are exercisable, subject to a continued employment condition, after a 2-year period from the date of the Board meeting awarding the options and expire eight years after this date. The underlying shares may not be transferred during four years from the date of grant. For the 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 Plans, the four-year transfer restriction period does not apply to employees of non-French subsidiaries as of the date of the grant, who may transfer the underlying shares after a two-year period from the date of the grant.
The continued employment condition states that the termination of the employment contract will result in the employee losing the right to exercise the options.
For the 2010 Plan, the Board of Directors decided that:
  For each grantee of up to 3,000 options, other than the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, the options will be finally granted to their beneficiary.
 
  For each grantee of more than 3,000 options and less or equal to 50,000 options (other than the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer):
    The first 3,000 options and two-thirds above the first 3,000 options will be finally granted to their beneficiary;
 
    The outstanding options, that is one-third of the options above the first 3,000 options, will be finally granted provided that the performance condition described below is fulfilled.
  For each grantee of more than 50,000 options, other than the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer:
    The first 3,000 options, two-thirds of the options above the first 3,000 options and below the first 50,000 options, and one-third of the options above the first 50,000 options, will be finally granted to their beneficiary;
 
    The outstanding options, that is one-third of the options above the first 3,000 options and below the first 50,000 options and two-thirds of the options above the first 50,000 options, will be finally granted provided that the performance condition is fulfilled.

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The performance condition states that the number of options finally granted is based on the average of the Return On Equity (ROE) of the Group. The average ROE is calculated by the Group based on TOTAL’s consolidated balance sheet and statement of income for fiscal years 2010 and 2011. The acquisition rate:
    is equal to zero if the average ROE is less than or equal to 7%;
 
    varies on straight-line basis between 0% and 100% if the average ROE is more than 7% and less than 18%; and
 
    is equal to 100% if the average ROE is more than or equal to 18%.
In addition, as part of the 2010 plan, the Board of Directors decided that the number of share subscription options finally awarded to the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer will be subject to two performance conditions:
    For 50% of the share subscription options granted, the performance condition states that the number of options finally granted is based on the average ROE of the Group. The average ROE is calculated by the Group based on TOTAL’s consolidated balance sheet and statement of income for fiscal years 2010 and 2011. The acquisition rate is equal to zero if the average ROE is less than or equal to 7%; varies on a straight-line basis between 0% and 100% if the average ROE is more than 7% and less than 18%; and is equal to 100% if the average ROE is more than or equal to 18%.
 
    For 50% of the share subscription options granted, the performance condition states that the number of options finally granted is based on the average of the Return On Average Capital Employed (ROACE) of the Group. The average ROACE is calculated by the Group based on TOTAL’s consolidated balance sheet and statement of income for fiscal years 2010 and 2011. The acquisition rate is equal to zero if the average ROACE is less than or equal to 6%; varies on a straight-line basis between 0% and 100% if the average ROACE is more than 6% and less than 15%; and is equal to 100% if the average ROACE is more than or equal to 15%.
For the 2009 Plan, the Board of Directors decided that for each beneficiary, other than the Chief Executive Officer, of more than 25,000 options, one third of the options granted in excess of this number will be finally granted subject to a performance condition. This condition states that the final number of options finally granted is based on the average ROE of the Group as published by TOTAL. The average ROE is calculated based on the Group’s consolidated balance sheet and statement of income for fiscal years 2009 and 2010. The acquisition rate:
    is equal to zero if the average ROE is less than or equal to 7%;
 
    varies on straight-line basis between 0% and 100% if the average ROE is more than 7% and less than 18%; and
 
    is equal to 100% if the average ROE is more than or equal to 18%.
In addition, the Board of Directors decided that, for the Chief Executive Officer, the number of share subscription options finally granted will be subject to two performance conditions:
    For 50% of the share subscription options granted, the performance condition states that the number of options finally granted is based on the average ROE of the Group as published by TOTAL. The average ROE is calculated based on the Group’s consolidated balance sheet and statement of income for fiscal years 2009 and 2010. The acquisition rate is equal to zero if the average ROE is less than or equal to 7%; varies on a straight-line basis between 0% and 100% if the average ROE is more than 7% and less than 18%; and is equal to 100% if the average ROE is more than or equal to 18%.
 
    For 50% of the share subscription options granted, the performance condition states that the number of options finally granted is based on the average ROACE of the Group as published by TOTAL. The average ROACE is calculated based on the Group’s consolidated balance sheet and statement of income for fiscal years 2009 and 2010. The acquisition rate is equal to zero if the average ROACE is less than or equal to 6%; varies on a straight-line basis between 0% and 100% if the average ROACE is more than 6% and less than 15%; and is equal to 100% if the average ROACE is more than or equal to 15%.

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For the 2008 Plan, the Board of Directors decided that for each beneficiary of more than 25,000 options, one third of the options in excess of this number will be finally granted subject to a performance condition. This condition states that the number of subscription options finally granted is based on the ROE of the Group. The ROE is calculated based on the consolidated accounts published by TOTAL for the fiscal year preceding the final grant. The acquisition rate:
    is equal to zero if the ROE is less than or equal to 10%;
 
    varies on a straight-line basis between 0% and 80% if the ROE is more than 10% and less than 18%;
 
    varies on a straight-line basis between 80% and 100% if the ROE is more than or equal to 18% and less than 30%; and
 
    is equal to 100% if the ROE is more than or equal to 30%.
Due to the application of the performance condition, the acquisition rate was 60% for the 2008 plan.
As a consequence, 88,532 options were canceled.
     B. TOTAL share purchase option plans
                                         
                                    Weighted  
                                    average  
    2000 Plan(a)     2001 Plan(b)     2002 Plan(c)     Total     exercise price  
 
Date of the shareholders’ meeting
    05/21/1997       05/17/2001       05/17/2001                  
Grant date (d)
    07/11/2000       07/10/2001       07/09/2002                  
Exercise price until May 23, 2006 included (e)
    40.68       42.05       39.58                  
Exercise price since May 24, 2006 (e)
    40.11       41.47       39.03                  
Expiry date
    07/11/2008       07/10/2009       07/09/2010                  
 
Number of options (f)
                                       
Outstanding as of January 1, 2008
    3,142,188       5,150,258       7,063,183       15,355,629       40.07  
Awarded
                             
Canceled
    (480,475 )     (3,652 )     (13,392 )     (497,519 )     40.09  
Exercised
    (2,661,713 )     (455,180 )     (598,934 )     (3,715,827 )     40.10  
Outstanding as of January 1, 2009
          4,691,426       6,450,857       11,142,283       40.06  
Awarded
                               
Canceled
            (4,650,446 )     (7,920 )     (4,658,366 )     41.47  
Exercised
            (40,980 )     (507,676 )     (548,656 )     39.21  
Outstanding as of January 1, 2010
                  5,935,261       5,935,261       39.03  
Awarded
                                 
Canceled (g)
                    (4,671,989 )     (4,671,989 )     39.03  
Exercised
                    (1,263,272 )     (1,263,272 )     39.03  
Outstanding as of December 31, 2010
                                 
 
(a)   Options were exercisable, subject to a continued employment condition, after a 4-year vesting period from the date of the Board meeting awarding the options and expired eight years after this date. The underlying shares may not be transferred during the 5-year period from the date of the grant. This plan expired on July 11, 2008.
 
(b)   Options were exercisable, subject to a continued employment condition, after a 3.5-year vesting period from the date of the Board meeting awarding the options and expired eight years after this date. The underlying shares may not be transferred during the 4-year period from the date of the grant. This plan expired on July 10, 2009.
 
(c)   Options were exercisable, subject to a continued employment condition, after a 2-year vesting period from the date of the Board meeting awarding the options and expired eight years after this date. The underlying shares may not be transferred during the 4-year period from the date of the grant. This plan expired on July 9, 2010.
 
(d)   The grant date is the date of the Board meeting awarding the options.
 
(e)   Exercise price in euro. The exercise prices of TOTAL share purchase options of the plans at that date were multiplied by 0.25 to take into account the four-for-one stock split on May 18, 2006. Moreover, following the spin-off of Arkema, the exercise prices of TOTAL share purchase options of these plans were multiplied by an adjustment factor equal to 0.986147 effective as of May 24, 2006.
 
(f)   The number of options awarded, outstanding, canceled or exercised before May 23, 2006 included, was multiplied by four to take into account the four-for-one stock split approved by the shareholders’ meeting on May 12, 2006.
 
(g)   Out of the 4,671,989 options canceled in 2010, 4,671,145 options that were not exercised expired due to the expiry of the 2002 purchase option Plan on July 9, 2010.

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     C. Exchange guarantee granted to the holders of Elf Aquitaine share subscription options
Pursuant to the public exchange offer for Elf Aquitaine shares which was made in 1999, the Group made a commitment to guarantee the holders of Elf Aquitaine share subscription options, at the end of the period referred to in Article 163 bis C of the French Tax Code (CGI), and until the end of the period for the exercise of the options, the possibility to exchange their future Elf Aquitaine shares for TOTAL shares, on the basis of the exchange ratio of the offer (nineteen TOTAL shares for thirteen Elf Aquitaine shares).
In order to take into account the spin-off of S.D.A. (Société de Développement Arkema) by Elf Aquitaine, the spin-off of Arkema by TOTAL S.A. and the four-for-one TOTAL stock split, the Board of Directors of TOTAL S.A., in accordance with the terms of the share exchange undertaking, approved on March 14, 2006 to adjust the exchange ratio described above (see pages 24 and 25 of the “Prospectus for the purpose of listing Arkema shares on Euronext Paris in connection with the allocation of Arkema shares to TOTAL S.A. shareholders”). Following the approval by Elf Aquitaine shareholders’ meeting on May 10, 2006 of the spin-off of S.D.A. by Elf Aquitaine, the approval by TOTAL S.A. shareholders’ meeting on May 12, 2006 of the spin-off of Arkema by TOTAL S.A. and the four-for-one TOTAL stock split, the exchange ratio was adjusted to six TOTAL shares for one Elf Aquitaine share on May 22, 2006.
This exchange guarantee expired on September 12, 2009, due to the expiry of the Elf Aquitaine share subscription option plan No. 2 of 1999. Subsequently, no Elf Aquitaine shares are covered by the exchange guarantee.
     D. TOTAL restricted share grants
                                                         
    2005 Plan     2006 Plan     2007 Plan     2008 Plan     2009 Plan     2010 Plan     Total  
 
Date of the shareholders’ meeting
    05/17/2005       05/17/2005       05/17/2005       05/16/2008       05/16/2008       05/16/2008          
Grant date(a)
    07/19/2005       07/18/2006       07/17/2007       10/09/2008       09/15/2009       09/14/2010          
Final grant date (end of the vesting period)
    07/20/2007       07/19/2008       07/18/2009       10/10/2010       09/16/2011       09/15/2012          
Transfer possible from
    07/20/2009       07/19/2010       07/18/2011       10/10/2012       09/16/2013       09/15/2014          
 
Number of restricted shares
                                                       
Outstanding as of January 1, 2008
          2,263,956       2,363,057                               4,627,013  
Awarded
                      2,791,968                       2,791,968  
Canceled
    2,840       (43,822 )     (29,504 )     (19,220 )                     (89,706 )
Finally granted(b)(c)
    (2,840 )     (2,220,134 )     (336 )                           (2,223,310 )
Outstanding as of January 1, 2009
                2,333,217       2,772,748                       5,105,965  
Awarded
                            2,972,018               2,972,018  
Canceled
    1,928       2,922       (12,418 )     (9,672 )     (5,982 )             (23,222 )
Finally granted(b)(c)
    (1,928 )     (2,922 )     (2,320,799 )     (600 )                   (2,326,249 )
Outstanding as of January 1, 2010
                      2,762,476       2,966,036               5,728,512  
Awarded
                                  3,010,011       3,010,011  
Canceled(d)
    1,024       3,034       552       (1,113,462 )     (9,796 )     (8,738 )     (1,127,386 )
Finally granted(b)(c)
    (1,024 )     (3,034 )     (552 )     (1,649,014 )     (1,904 )     (636 )     (1,656,164 )
Outstanding as of December 31, 2010
                            2,954,336       3,000,637       5,954,973  
 
(a)   The grant date is the date of the Board of Directors meeting that awarded the shares, except for the shares awarded by the Board of Directors at their meeting of September 9, 2008, and granted on October 9, 2008.
 
(b)   Restricted shares finally granted following the death of their beneficiaries (2007 Plan for fiscal year 2008, 2008 Plan for fiscal year 2009, 2009 Plan for fiscal year 2010).
 
(c)   Including restricted shares finally granted for which the entitlement right had been canceled erroneously.
 
(d)   Out of the 1,113,462 canceled rights to the grant share under the 2008 Plan, 1,094,914 entitlement rights were canceled due to the performance condition. The acquisition rate for the 2008 Plan was 60%.
The restricted shares, which are bought back by the Company on the market, are finally granted to their beneficiaries after a 2-year vesting period from the date of the grant. The final grant is subject to a continued employment condition and a performance condition. Moreover, the transfer of the restricted shares finally granted will not be permitted until the end of a 2-year mandatory holding period from the date of the final grant.
The continued employment condition states that the termination of the employment contract during the vesting period will also terminate the grantee’s right to a restricted share grant.
For the 2010 Plan, the Board of Directors decided that, for each beneficiary of more than 100 shares, half of the shares in excess of this number will be finally granted subject to a performance condition. This condition is based on the average ROE calculated by the Group based on TOTAL’s consolidated balance sheet and statement of income for fiscal years 2010 and 2011. The acquisition rate:
    is equal to zero if the average ROE is less than or equal to 7%;

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    varies on a straight-line basis between 0% and 100% if the average ROE is greater than 7% and less than 18%; and
 
    is equal to 100% if the average ROE is greater than or equal to 18%.
For the 2009 Plan, the Board of Directors decided that, for each beneficiary of more than 100 shares, half of the shares in excess of this number will be finally granted subject to a performance condition. This condition states that the number of shares finally granted is based on the average ROE as published by the Group and calculated based on the Group’s consolidated balance sheet and statement of income for fiscal years 2009 and 2010. The acquisition rate:
    is equal to zero if the average ROE is less than or equal to 7%;
 
    varies on a straight-line basis between 0% and 100% if the average ROE is greater than 7% and less than 18%; and
 
    is equal to 100% if the average ROE is greater than or equal to 18%.
For the 2008 Plan, the Board of Directors decided that, for each beneficiary, the shares will be finally granted subject to a performance condition. This performance condition states that the number of restricted shares finally granted is based on the ROE of the Group. The ROE is calculated based on the consolidated accounts published by TOTAL for the fiscal year preceding the final grant. This acquisition rate:
    is equal to zero if the ROE is less than or equal to 10%;
 
    varies on a straight-line basis between 0% and 80% if the ROE is greater than 10% and less than 18%;
 
    varies on a straight-line basis between 80% and 100% if the ROE is greater than or equal to 18% and less than 30%; and
 
    is equal to 100% if the ROE is greater than or equal to 30%.
Due to the application of the performance condition, the acquisition rate was 60% for the 2008 Plan.
As a consequence, entitlement rights to 1,094,914 shares were canceled.
     E. Global free TOTAL share plan
The Board of Directors approved at its meeting on May 21, 2010 the implementation and conditions of a global free share plan intended for the Group employees, that is more than 100,000 employees in 124 countries. On June 30, 2010, entitlement rights to 25 free shares were granted to every employee. The final grant is subject to a continued employment condition during the plan’s vesting period. The shares are not subject to any performance condition. 1,508,850 shares were awarded to employees from countries with a 2+2 scheme (2-year vesting period followed by 2-year of mandatory holding period) and 1,070,650 shares were awarded to employees in countries with a 4+0 scheme (4-year vesting period and no mandatory holding period), representing a total of 2,579,500 shares. Following the vesting period, the shares awarded will be new shares.
                         
    2010 Plan     2010 Plan        
    (2+2)     (4+0)     Total  
 
Date of the shareholders’ meeting
    05/16/2008       05/16/2008          
Grant date(a)
    06/30/2010       06/30/2010          
Final grant date (end of the vesting period)
    07/01/2012       07/01/2014          
Transfer possible from
    07/01/2014       07/01/2014          
 
Number of free shares
                       
Outstanding as of January 1, 2008
                       
Awarded
                       
Canceled
                       
Finally granted
                       
Outstanding as of January 1, 2009
                       
Awarded
                       
Canceled
                       
Finally granted
                       
Outstanding as of January 1, 2010
                       
Awarded
    1,508,850       1,070,650       2,579,500  
Canceled
    (125 )     (75 )     (200 )
Finally granted (b)
    (75 )           (75 )
Outstanding as of December 31, 2010
    1,508,650       1,070,575       2,579,225  
 
(a)   The June 30, 2010, grant was decided by the Board of Directors on May 21, 2010.
 
(b)   Final grant following the death or disability of the beneficiary of the shares.

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     F. Share-based payment expense
Share-based payment expense before tax for the year 2010 amounts to €140 million and can be broken down as follows:
    €31 million for TOTAL share subscription plans; and
 
    €109 million for TOTAL restricted shares plans.
Share-based payment expense before tax for the year 2009 amounts to €106 million and can be broken down as follows:
    €38 million for TOTAL share subscription plans; and
 
    €68 million for TOTAL restricted shares plans.
Share-based payment expense before tax for the year 2008 amounted to €154 million and can be broken down as follows:
    €61 million for TOTAL share subscription plans;
 
    €105 million for TOTAL restricted shares plans; and
 
    €(12) million for the adjustment to the expense booked in 2007 related to TOTAL capital increase reserved for employees (see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
The fair value of the options granted in 2010, 2009 and 2008 has been measured according to the Black-Scholes method and based on the following assumptions:
                         
For the year ended December 31,   2010     2009     2008  
 
Risk free interest rate (%) (a)
    2.1       2.9       4.3  
Expected dividends (%) (b)
    5.9       4.8       8.4  
Expected volatility (%) (c)
    25.0       31.0       32.7  
Vesting period (years)
    2       2       2  
Exercise period (years)
    8       8       8  
Fair value of the granted options (€ per option)
    5.8       8.4       5.0  
 
 
(a)   Zero coupon Euro swap rate at 6 years.
 
(b)   The expected dividends are based on the price of TOTAL share derivatives traded on the markets.
 
(c)   The expected volatility is based on the implied volatility of TOTAL share options and of share indices options traded on the markets.
At the shareholders’ meeting held on May 21, 2010, the shareholders delegated to the Board of Directors the authority to increase the share capital of the Company in one or more transactions and within a maximum period of 26 months from the date of the meeting, by an amount not exceeding 1.5% of the share capital outstanding on the date of the meeting of the Board of Directors at which a decision to proceed with an issuance is made reserving subscriptions for such issuance to the Group employees participating in a company savings plan. It is being specified that the amount of any such capital increase reserved for Group employees was counted against the aggregate maximum nominal amount of share capital increases authorized by the shareholders’ meeting held on May 21, 2010 for issuing new ordinary shares or other securities granting immediate or future access to the Company’s share capital with preferential subscription rights (€2.5 billion in nominal value).
Pursuant to this delegation of authorization, the Board of Directors, during its October 28, 2010 meeting, implemented a capital increase reserved for employees within the limit of 12 million shares, with dividend rights as of the January 1, 2010 and delegated all power to the Chairman and CEO to determine the opening and closing of subscription period and the subscription price.

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26) Payroll and staff
                         
For the year ended December 31,   2010     2009     2008  
 
Personnel expenses (M€)
                       
Wages and salaries (including social charges)
    6,246       6,177       6,014  
 
Group employees
                       
France
                       
Management
    10,852       10,906       10,688  
Other
    24,317       25,501       26,413  
International
                       
Management
    15,146       15,243       14,709  
Other
    42,540       44,737       45,149  
 
Total
    92,855       96,387       96,959  
 
The number of employees includes only employees of fully consolidated subsidiaries.
The decrease in the number of employees between December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010 is mainly explained by the sale of the consumer specialty chemicals business Mapa Spontex (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
27) Statement of cash flows
A) Cash flow from operating activities
The following table gives additional information on cash paid or received in the cash flow from operating activities:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Interests paid
    (470 )     (678 )     (958 )
Interests received
    132       148       505  
Income tax paid
    (6,990 )     (6,202 )     (10,631 )
Dividends received
    1,722       1,456       1,590  
 
Changes in working capital are detailed as follows:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Inventories
    (1,896 )     (4,217 )     4,020  
Accounts receivable
    (2,712 )     (344 )     3,222  
Other current assets
    911       1,505       (982 )
Accounts payable
    2,482       571       (3,056 )
Other creditors and accrued liabilities
    719       (831 )     (633 )
 
Net amount
    (496 )     (3,316 )     2,571  
 
B) Cash flow used in financing activities
Changes in non-current financial debt are detailed in the following table under a net value due to the high number of multiple drawings:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Issuance of non-current debt
    3,995       6,309       5,513  
Repayment of non-current debt
    (206 )     (787 )     (2,504 )
 
Net amount
    3,789       5,522       3,009  
 

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C) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are detailed as follows:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Cash
    4,679       2,448       1,836  
Cash equivalents
    9,810       9,214       10,485  
 
Total
    14,489       11,662       12,321  
 
Cash equivalents are mainly composed of deposits less than three months deposited in government institutions or deposit banks selected in accordance with strict criteria.
28) Financial assets and liabilities analysis per instruments class and strategy
The financial assets and liabilities disclosed on the face of the balance sheet are detailed as follows:
                                                                                 
                Other financial             Fair  
    Financial instruments related to financing and trading activities     instruments     Total     value  
    Amortized   Fair                      
    cost   value                      
As of December 31, 2010                                                                  
(M€)           Available     Held for     Financial debt     Hedging of             Net investment                          
Assets / (Liabilities)           for sale (a)     trading     (b)     financial debt     Cash flow hedge     hedge and other                          
 
Equity affiliates: loans
    2,383                                                               2,383       2,383  
Other investments
            4,590                                                       4,590       4,590  
Hedging instruments of non-current financial debt
                                  1,814       56                       1,870       1,870  
Other non-current assets
    1,596                                                               1,596       1,596  
Accounts receivable, net
                                                            18,159       18,159       18,159  
Other operating receivables
                    499                                       3,908       4,407       4,407  
Current financial assets
    869               38               292               6               1,205       1,205  
Cash and cash equivalents
                                                            14,489       14,489       14,489  
 
Total financial assets
    4,848       4,590       537             2,106       56       6       36,556       48,699       48,699  
 
Total non-financial
                                                                    95,019          
assets
                                                                               
 
Total assets
                                                                    143,718          
 
Non-current financial
    (3,186 )                     (17,419 )     (178 )                             (20,783 )     (21,172 )
debt
                                                                               
Accounts payable
                                                            (18,450 )     (18,450 )     (18,450 )
Other operating
                    (559 )                                     (3,015 )     (3,574 )     (3,574 )
liabilities
                                                                               
Current borrowings
    (5,916 )                     (3,737 )                                     (9,653 )     (9,653 )
Other current financial liabilities
                (147 )         (12 )                         (159 )     (159 )
 
Total financial
    (9,102 )             (706 )     (21,156 )     (190 )                 (21,465 )     (52,619 )     (53,008 )
liabilities
                                                                               
 
Total non-financial liabilities
                                                                    (91,099 )        
 
Total liabilities
                                                                  (143,718 )        
 
 
(a)   Financial assets available for sale are measured at their fair value except for unlisted securities (see Note 1 paragraph M(ii) and Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
 
(b)   The financial debt is adjusted to the hedged risks value (currency and interest rate) as part of hedge accounting (see Note 1 paragraph M(iii) to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

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          Other financial             Fair  
    Financial instruments related to financing and trading activities     instruments     Total     value  
    Amortized   Fair                      
    cost   value                      
As of December 31, 2009           Available                                                      
(M€)           for sale     Held for     Financial debt     Hedging of             Net investment                          
Assets / (Liabilities)           (a)     trading     (b)     financial debt     Cash flow hedge     hedge and other                          
 
Equity affiliates: loans
    2,367                                                               2,367       2,367  
Other investments
            1,162                                                       1,162       1,162  
Hedging instruments of non-current financial debt
                                  889       136                       1,025       1,025  
Other non-current assets
    1,284                                                               1,284       1,284  
Accounts receivable, net
                                                            15,719       15,719       15,719  
Other operating receivables
                    1,029                                       4,116       5,145       5,145  
Current financial assets
    55               53               197               6               311       311  
Cash and cash equivalents
                                                            11,662       11,662       11,662  
 
Total financial assets
    3,706       1,162       1,082             1,086       136       6       31,497       38,675       38,675  
 
Total non-financial assets
                                                                    89,078          
 
Total assets
                                                                    127,753          
 
Non-current financial debt
    (2,089 )                     (17,107 )     (241 )                             (19,437 )     (19,905 )
Accounts payable
                                                            (15,383 )     (15,383 )     (15,383 )
Other operating liabilities
                    (923 )                                     (3,783 )     (4,706 )     (4,706 )
Current borrowings
    (4,849 )                     (2,145 )                                     (6,994 )     (6,994 )
Other current financial liabilities
                (25 )         (97 )         (1 )             (123 )     (123 )
 
Total financial liabilities
    (6,938 )             (948 )     (19,252 )     (338 )           (1 )     (19,166 )     (46,643 )     (47,111 )
 
Total non-financial liabilities
                                                                    (81,110 )        
 
Total liabilities
                                                                    (127,753 )        
 
 
(a)   Financial assets available for sale are measured at their fair value except for unlisted securities (see Note 1 paragraph M(ii) and Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
 
(b)   The financial debt is adjusted to the hedged risks value (currency and interest rate) as part of hedge accounting (see Note 1 paragraph M(iii) to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
                                                                                 
          Other financial             Fair  
    Financial instruments related to financing and trading activities     instruments     Total     value  
      Amortized   Fair                      
      cost   value                      
As of December 31, 2008           Available                                                      
(M€)           for sale     Held for     Financial debt     Hedging of             Net investment                          
Assets / (Liabilities)           (a)     trading     (b)     financial debt     Cash flow hedge     hedge and other                          
 
Equity affiliates: loans
    2,005                                                               2,005       2,005  
Other investments
            1,165                                                       1,165       1,165  
Hedging instruments of non-current financial debt
                                  892                               892       892  
Other non-current assets
    1,403                                                               1,403       1,403  
Accounts receivable, net
                                                          15,287       15,287       15,287  
Other operating receivables
                    1,664                                       4,544       6,208       6,208  
Current financial assets
    1               86               100                             187       187  
Cash and cash
                                                            12,321       12,321       12,321  
equivalents
                                                                               
 
Total financial assets
    3,409       1,165       1,750             992                   32,152       39,468       39,468  
 
Total non-financial assets
                                                                    78,842          
 
Total assets
                                                                    118,310          
 
Non-current financial debt
    (701 )                     (15,050 )     (440 )                             (16,191 )     (16,191 )
Accounts payable
                                                          (14,815 )     (14,815 )     (14,815 )
Other operating liabilities
                    (1,033 )                                     (3,264 )     (4,297 )     (4,297 )
Current borrowings
    (5,721 )                     (2,001 )                                     (7,722 )     (7,722 )
Other current financial liabilities
                (146 )         (12 )                             (158 )     (158 )
 
Total financial liabilities
    (6,422 )             (1,179 )     (17,051 )     (452 )                 (18,079 )     (43,183 )     (43,183 )
 
Total non-financial liabilities
                                                                    (75,127 )        
 
Total liabilities
                                                                    (118,310 )        
 
 
(a)   Financial assets available for sale are measured at their fair value except for unlisted securities (see Note 1 paragraph M(ii) and Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
 
(b)   The financial debt is adjusted to the hedged risks value (currency and interest rate) as part of hedge accounting (see Note 1 paragraph M(iii) to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

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29) Fair value of financial instruments (excluding commodity contracts)
A) Impact on the statement of income per nature of financial instruments
Operating assets and liabilities
The impact on the statement of income is detailed as follows:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Assets available for sale (investments):
                       
- dividend income on non-consolidated subsidiaries
    255       210       238  
- gains (losses) on disposal of assets
    60       6       15  
- other
    (17 )     (18 )     (15 )
Loans and receivables
    90       41       100  
 
Impact on net operating income
    388       239       338  
 
The impact in the statement of income mainly includes:
    Dividends and gains or losses on disposal of other investments classified as “Other investments”;
 
    Financial gains and depreciation on loans related to equity affiliates, non-consolidated companies and on receivables reported in “Loans and receivables”.
Assets and liabilities from financing activities
The impact on the statement of income of financing assets and liabilities is detailed as follows:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Loans and receivables
    133       158       547  
Financing liabilities and associated hedging instruments
    (469 )     (563 )     (996 )
Fair value hedge (ineffective portion)
    4       33       (4 )
Assets and liabilities held for trading
    (2 )     (26 )     (74 )
 
Impact on the cost of net debt
    (334 )     (398 )     (527 )
 
The impact on the statement of income mainly includes:
    Financial income on cash, cash equivalents, and current financial assets (notably current deposits beyond three months) classified as “Loans and receivables”;
 
    Financial expense of long term subsidiaries financing, associated hedging instruments (excluding ineffective portion of the hedge detailed below) and financial expense of short term financing classified as “Financing liabilities and associated hedging instruments”;
 
    Ineffective portion of bond hedging; and
 
    Financial income, financial expense and fair value of derivative instruments used for cash management purposes classified as “Assets and liabilities held for trading”.
Financial derivative instruments used for cash management purposes (interest rate and foreign exchange) are considered to be held for trading. Based on practical documentation issues, the Group did not elect to set up hedge accounting for such instruments. The impact on income of the derivatives is offset by the impact of loans and current liabilities they are related to. Therefore these transactions taken as a whole do not have a significant impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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B) Impact of the hedging strategies
Fair value hedge
The impact on the statement of income of the bond hedging instruments which is recorded in the item “Financial interest on debt” in the Consolidated Statement of Income is detailed as follows:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Revaluation at market value of bonds
    (1,164 )     (183 )     (66 )
Swap hedging of bonds
    1,168       216       62  
 
Ineffective portion of the fair value hedge
    4       33       (4 )
 
The ineffective portion is not representative of the Group’s performance considering the Group’s objective to hold swaps to maturity. The current portion of the swaps valuation is not subject to active management.
Net investment hedge
These instruments are recorded directly in shareholders’ equity under “Currency translation adjustments”. The variations of the period are detailed in the table below:
                                 
For the year ended December 31,   As of                     As of  
(M€)   January 1,     Variations     Disposals     December 31,  
 
2010
    25       (268 )           (243 )
2009
    124       (99 )           25  
2008
    29       95             124  
 
As of December 31, 2010, the fair value of the open instruments amounts to €6 million compared to €5 million in 2009 and zero in 2008.
Cash flow hedge
The impact on the statement of income and on equity of the bond hedging instruments qualified as cash flow hedges is detailed as follows:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Profit (Loss) recorded in equity during the period
    (80 )     128        
Recycled amount from equity to the income statement during the period
    (115 )     221        
 
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the ineffective portion of these financial instruments is equal to zero.

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C) Maturity of derivative instruments
The maturity of the notional amounts of derivative instruments, excluding the commodity contracts, is detailed in the following table:
                                                                 
            Notional value(a)  
As of December 31, 2010                                                            
(M€)   Fair                                                     2016  
Assets / (Liabilities)   value     Total     2011     2012     2013     2014     2015     and after  
 
Fair value hedge
                                                               
 
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (liabilities)
    (178 )     2,244                                                  
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets)
    1,814       13,939                                                  
 
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets and liabilities)
    1,636       16,183               2,967       3,461       2,421       3,328       4,006  
 
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (liabilities)
    (12 )     592                                                  
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (assets)
    292       2,815                                                  
 
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (assets and liabilities)
    280       3,407       3,407                                          
 
                                                               
Cash flow hedge
                                                               
 
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (liabilities)
                                                           
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets)
    56       1,957                                                  
 
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets and liabilities)
    56       1,957               295                               1,662  
 
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (liabilities)
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (assets)
                                                               
 
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (assets and liabilities)
                                                         
 
                                                               
Net investment hedge
                                                               
 
                                                               
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (assets)
    6       381                                                  
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (liabilities)
                                                           
 
Total swaps hedging net investments
    6       381       381                                          
 
                                                               
Held for trading
                                                               
 
                                                               
Other interest rate swaps (assets)
    1       6,463                                                  
Other interest rate swaps (liabilities)
    (3 )     11,395                                                  
 
Total other interest rate swaps (assets and liabilities)
    (2 )     17,858       17,667       189                   2        
 
                                                               
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (assets)
    37       1,532                                                  
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (liabilities)
    (144 )     6,757                                                  
 
Total currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (assets and liabilities)
    (107 )     8,289       8,102             25       49       31       82  
 
(a)   These amounts set the levels of notional commitment and are not indicative of a contingent gain or loss.

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            Notional value(a)  
As of December 31, 2009                                                            
(M€)   Fair                                                     2015  
Assets / (Liabilities)   value     Total     2010     2011     2012     2013     2014     and after  
 
Fair value hedge
                                                               
 
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (liabilities)
    (241 )     4,615                                                  
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets)
    889       11,076                                                  
 
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets and liabilities)
    648       15,691             3,345       2,914       3,450       1,884       4,098  
 
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (liabilities)
    (97 )     912                                                  
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (assets)
    197       1,084                                                  
 
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (assets and liabilities)
    100       1,996       1,996                                          
 
                                                               
Cash flow hedge
                                                               
 
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (liabilities)
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets)
    136       1,837                       295                       1,542  
 
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets and liabilities)
    136       1,837                       295                       1,542  
 
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (liabilities)
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (assets)
                                                               
 
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (assets and liabilities)
                                                               
 
                                                               
Net investment hedge
                                                               
 
                                                               
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (assets)
    6       701                                                  
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (liabilities)
    (1 )     224                                                  
 
Total swaps hedging net investments
    5       925       925                                          
 
                                                               
Held for trading
                                                               
 
                                                               
Other interest rate swaps (assets)
            1,459                                                  
Other interest rate swaps (liabilities)
    (1 )     10,865                                                  
 
Total other interest rate swaps (assets and liabilities)
    (1 )     12,324       12,208       114                               2  
 
                                                               
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (assets)
    53       4,017                                                  
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (liabilities)
    (24 )     3,456                                                  
 
Total currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (assets and liabilities)
    29       7,473       7,224               52       50       47       100  
 
(a)   These amounts set the levels of notional commitment and are not indicative of a contingent gain or loss.

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As of December 31, 2008           Notional value(a)
(M€)   Fair                                                     2014  
Assets / (Liabilities)   value     Total     2009     2010     2011     2012     2013     and after  
 
Fair value hedge
                                                               
 
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (liabilities)
    (440 )     9,309                                                  
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets)
    892       4,195                                                  
 
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets and liabilities)
    452       13,504             2,048       3,373       3,233       3,032       1,818  
 
                                                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (liabilities)
    (12 )     92                                                  
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (assets)
    100       1,871                                                  
 
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (current portion) (assets and liabilities)
    88       1,963       1,963                                          
 
                                                               
Net investment hedge
                                                               
 
                                                               
 
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (liabilities)
          1,347       1,347                                          
 
                                                               
Held for trading
                                                               
 
                                                               
Other interest rate swaps (assets)
          2,853                                                  
Other interest rate swaps (liabilities)
    (4 )     5,712                                                  
 
Total other interest rate swaps (assets and liabilities)
    (4 )     8,565       8,559       4                               2  
 
                                                               
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (assets)
    86       5,458                                                  
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (liabilities)
    (142 )     2,167                                                  
 
Total currency swaps and forward exchange contracts (assets and liabilities)
    (56 )     7,625       6,595       483       114       67       76       290  
 
(a)   These amounts set the levels of notional commitment and are not indicative of a contingent gain or loss.
D) Fair value hierarchy
The fair value hierarchy for financial instruments excluding commodity contracts is as follows:
                                 
    Quoted prices in                      
    active markets             Prices based on        
    for identical     Prices based on     non observable        
As of December 31, 2010   assets     observable data     data        
(M€)   (level 1)     (level 2)     (level 3)     Total  
 
Fair value hedge instruments
          1,916             1,916  
Cash flow hedge instruments
          56             56  
Net investment hedge instruments
          6             6  
Assets and liablities held for trading
          (109 )           (109 )
Assets available for sale
    3,631                   3,631  
 
Total
    3,631       1,869             5,500  
 
                                 
    Quoted prices in                      
    active markets             Prices based on        
    for identical     Prices based on     non observable        
As of December 31, 2009   assets     observable data     data        
(M€)   (level 1)     (level 2)     (level 3)     Total  
 
Fair value hedge instruments
          748             748  
Cash flow hedge instruments
          136             136  
Net investment hedge instruments
          5             5  
Assets and liablities held for trading
          28             28  
Assets available for sale
    232                   232  
 
Total
    232       917             1,149  
 
The description of each fair value level is presented in Note 1 paragraph M(v) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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30) Financial instruments related to commodity contracts
Financial instruments related to oil, gas and power activities as well as related currency derivatives are recorded at fair value under “Other current assets” or “Other creditors and accrued liabilities” depending on whether they are assets or liabilities.
                 
As of December 31, 2010            
(M€)            
Assets / (Liabilities)   Carrying amount     Fair value(b)  
 
Crude oil, petroleum products and freight rates activities
               
Petroleum products and crude oil swaps
    (2 )     (2 )
Freight rate swaps
           
Forwards (a)
    5       5  
Options
    51       51  
Futures
    (12 )     (12 )
Options on futures
    (4 )     (4 )
 
Total crude oil, petroleum products and freight rates
    38       38  
 
Gas & Power activities
               
Swaps
    (1 )     (1 )
Forwards (a)
    (102 )     (102 )
Options
    5       5  
Futures
           
 
Total Gas & Power
    (98 )     (98 )
 
Total
    (60 )     (60 )
 
Total of fair value non recognized in the balance sheet
             
 
(a)   Forwards: contracts resulting in physical delivery are accounted for as derivative commodity contracts and included in the amounts shown.
 
(b)   When the fair value of derivatives listed on an organized exchange market (futures, options on futures and swaps) is offset with the margin call received or paid on the face of the balance sheet, this fair value is set to zero.
                 
As of December 31, 2009            
(M€)            
Assets / (Liabilities)   Carrying amount     Fair value(b)  
 
Crude oil, petroleum products and freight rates activities
               
Petroleum products and crude oil swaps
    (29 )     (29 )
Freight rate swaps
           
Forwards (a)
    (9 )     (9 )
Options
    21       21  
Futures
    (17 )     (17 )
Options on futures
    6       6  
 
Total crude oil, petroleum products and freight rates
    (28 )     (28 )
 
Gas & Power activities
               
Swaps
    52       52  
Forwards (a)
    78       78  
Options
    4       4  
Futures
           
 
Total Gas & Power
    134       134  
 
Total
    106       106  
 
Total of fair value non recognized in the balance sheet
             
 
(a)   Forwards: contracts resulting in physical delivery are accounted for as derivative commodity contracts and included in the amounts shown.
 
(b)   When the fair value of derivatives listed on an organized exchange market (futures, options on futures and swaps) is offset with the margin call received or paid on the face of the balance sheet, this fair value is set to zero.

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As of December 31, 2008            
(M€)            
Assets / (Liabilities)   Carrying amount     Fair value(b)  
 
Crude oil, petroleum products and freight rates activities
               
Petroleum products and crude oil swaps
    141       141  
Freight rate swaps
    8       8  
Forwards (a)
    (120 )     (120 )
Options
           
Futures
    17       17  
Options on futures
    (7 )     (7 )
 
Total crude oil, petroleum products and freight rates
    39       39  
 
Gas & Power activities
               
Swaps
    (48 )     (48 )
Forwards (a)
    659       659  
Options
           
Futures
    (19 )     (19 )
 
Total Gas & Power
    592       592  
 
Total
    631       631  
 
Total of fair value non recognized in the balance sheet
             
 
(a)   Forwards: contracts resulting in physical delivery are accounted for as derivative commodity contracts and included in the amounts shown.
 
(b)   When the fair value of derivatives listed on an organized exchange market (futures, options on futures and swaps) is offset with the margin call received or paid on the face of the balance sheet, this fair value is set to zero.
Most commitments on crude oil and refined products have a short term maturity (less than one year). The maturity of most Gas & Power energy derivatives is less than three years forward.
The changes in fair value of financial instruments related to commodity contracts are detailed as follows:
                                         
For the year ended December 31,   Fair value     Impact on     Settled             Fair value  
(M€)   as of January 1,     income     contracts     Other     as of December 31,  
 
Crude oil, petroleum products and freight rates activities
                                       
 
2010
    (28 )     1,556       (1,488 )     (2 )     38  
2009
    39       1,713       (1,779 )     (1 )     (28 )
2008
    18       1,734       (1,715 )     2       39  
 
                                       
 
Gas & Power activities
                                       
 
2010
    134       410       (648 )     6       (98 )
2009
    592       327       (824 )     39       134  
2008
    232       787       (310 )     (117 )     592  
The fair value hierarchy for financial instruments related to commodity contracts is as follows:
                                 
    Quoted prices            
    in active markets   Prices based on   Prices based on non    
As of December 31, 2010   for identical   observable data   observable    
(M€)   assets (level 1)   (level 2)   data (level 3)   Total
 
Crude oil, petroleum products and freight rates activities
    (10 )     48             38  
Gas & Power activities
    50       (148 )           (98 )
 
Total
    40       (100 )           (60 )
                                 
    Quoted prices            
    in active markets   Prices based on   Prices based on non    
As of December 31, 2009   for identical   observable data   observable    
(M€)   assets (level 1)   (level 2)   data (level 3)   Total
 
Crude oil, petroleum products and freight rates activities
    (45 )     17             (28 )
Gas & Power activities
    140       (6 )           134  
 
Total
    95       11             106  
The description of each fair value level is presented in Note 1 paragraph M(v) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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31) Market risks
Oil and gas market related risks
Due to the nature of its business, the Group has significant oil and gas trading activities as part of its day-to-day operations in order to optimize revenues from its oil and gas production and to obtain favorable pricing to supply its refineries.
In its international oil trading business, the Group follows a policy of not selling its future production. However, in connection with this trading business, the Group, like most other oil companies, uses energy derivative instruments to adjust its exposure to price fluctuations of crude oil, refined products, natural gas, power and coal. The Group also uses freight rate derivative contracts in its shipping business to adjust its exposure to freight-rate fluctuations. To hedge against this risk, the Group uses various instruments such as futures, forwards, swaps and options on organised markets or over-the-counter markets. The list of the different derivatives held by the Group in these markets is detailed in Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Trading & Shipping division measures its market risk exposure, i.e. potential loss in fair values, on its crude oil, refined products and freight rates trading activities using a value-at-risk technique. This technique is based on an historical model and makes an assessment of the market risk arising from possible future changes in market values over a 24-hour period. The calculation of the range of potential changes in fair values takes into account a snapshot of the end-of-day exposures and the set of historical price movements for the last 400 business days for all instruments and maturities in the global trading activities. Options are systematically reevaluated using appropriate models.
The potential movement in fair values corresponds to a 97.5% value-at-risk type confidence level. This means that the Group’s portfolio result is likely to exceed the value-at-risk loss measure once over 40 business days if the portfolio exposures were left unchanged.
Trading & Shipping : value-at-risk with a 97.5% probability
                                 
As of December 31,                        
(M€)   High     Low     Average     Year end  
 
2010
    23.1       3.4       8.9       3.8  
2009
    18.8       5.8       10.2       7.6  
2008
    13.5       2.8       6.9       11.8  
 
As part of its gas, power and coal trading activity, the Group also uses derivative instruments such as futures, forwards, swaps and options in both organised and over-the-counter markets. In general, the transactions are settled at maturity date through physical delivery. The Gas & Power division measures its market risk exposure, i.e. potential loss in fair values, on its trading business using a value-at-risk technique. This technique is based on an historical model and makes an assessment of the market risk arising from possible future changes in market values over a one-day period. The calculation of the range of potential changes in fair values takes into account a snapshot of the end-of-day exposures and the set of historical price movements for the past two years for all instruments and maturities in the global trading business.
Gas & Power trading : value-at-risk with a 97.5% probability
                                 
As of December 31,                        
(M€)   High     Low     Average     Year end  
 
2010
    13.9       2.7       6.8       10.0  
2009
    9.8       1.9       5.0       4.8  
2008
    16.3       1.3       5.0       1.4  
 
The Group has implemented strict policies and procedures to manage and monitor these market risks. These are based on the splitting of supervisory functions from operational functions and on an integrated information system that enables real-time monitoring of trading activities.
Limits on trading positions are approved by the Group’s Executive Committee and are monitored daily. To increase flexibility and encourage liquidity, hedging operations are performed with numerous independent operators, including other oil companies, major energy producers or consumers and financial institutions. The Group has established counterparty limits and monitors outstanding amounts with each counterparty on an ongoing basis.

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Financial markets related risks
As part of its financing and cash management activities, the Group uses derivative instruments to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. These instruments are principally interest rate and currency swaps. The Group may also use, on a less frequent basis, futures and options contracts. These operations and their accounting treatment are detailed in Notes 1 paragraph M, 20, 28 and 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Risks relative to cash management operations and to interest rate and foreign exchange financial instruments are managed according to rules set by the Group’s senior management, which provide for regular pooling of available cash balances, open positions and management of the financial instruments by the Treasury Department. Excess cash of the Group is deposited mainly in government institutions or deposit banks through deposits, reverse repurchase agreements and purchase of commercial paper. Liquidity positions and the management of financial instruments are centralized by the Treasury Department, where they are managed by a team specialized in foreign exchange and interest rate market transactions.
The Cash Monitoring-Management Unit within the Treasury Department monitors limits and positions per bank on a daily basis and reports results. This unit also prepares marked-to-market valuations and, when necessary, performs sensitivity analysis.
Counterparty risk
The Group has established standards for market transactions under which bank counterparties must be approved in advance, based on an assessment of the counterparty’s financial soundness (multi-criteria analysis including a review of market prices and of the Credit Default Swap (CDS), its ratings with Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s, which must be of high quality, and its overall financial condition).
An overall authorized credit limit is set for each bank and is allotted among the subsidiaries and the Group’s central treasury entities according to their needs.
To reduce the market values risk on its commitments, in particular for swaps set as part of bonds issuance, the Treasury Department also developed a system of margin call that is gradually implemented with significant counterparties.
Currency exposure
The Group seeks to minimize the currency exposure of each entity to its functional currency (primarily the euro, the dollar, the pound sterling and the Norwegian krone).
For currency exposure generated by commercial activity, the hedging of revenues and costs in foreign currencies is typically performed using currency operations on the spot market and, in some cases, on the forward market. The Group rarely hedges future cash flows, although it may use options to do so.
With respect to currency exposure linked to non-current assets booked in a currency other than the euro, the Group has a policy of reducing the related currency exposure by financing these assets in the same currency.
Net short-term currency exposure is periodically monitored against limits set by the Group’s senior management.
The non-current debt described in Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements is generally raised by the corporate treasury entities either directly in dollars or euros, or in other currencies which are then exchanged for dollars or euros through swaps issues to appropriately match general corporate needs. The proceeds from these debt issuances are loaned to affiliates whose accounts are kept in dollars or in euros. Thus, the net sensitivity of these positions to currency exposure is not significant.
The Group’s short-term currency swaps, the notional value of which appears in Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, are used to attempt to optimize the centralized cash management of the Group. Thus, the sensitivity to currency fluctuations which may be induced is likewise considered negligible.
Short-term interest rate exposure and cash
Cash balances, which are primarily composed of euros and dollars, are managed according to the guidelines established by the Group’s senior management (maintain an adequate level of liquidity, optimize revenue from investments considering existing interest rate yield curves, and minimize the cost of borrowing) over a less than twelve-month horizon and on the basis of a daily interest rate benchmark, primarily through short-term interest rate swaps and short-term currency swaps, without modifying currency exposure.

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Interest rate risk on non-current debt
The Group’s policy consists of incurring non-current debt primarily at a floating rate, or, if the opportunity arises at the time of an issuance, at a fixed rate. Debt is incurred in dollars or in euros according to general corporate needs. Long-term interest rate and currency swaps may be used to hedge bonds at their issuance in order to create a variable or fixed rate synthetic debt. In order to partially modify the interest rate structure of the long-term debt, TOTAL may also enter into long-term interest rate swaps.
Sensitivity analysis on interest rate and foreign exchange risk
The tables below present the potential impact of an increase or decrease of 10 basis points on the interest rate yield curves for each of the currencies on the fair value of the current financial instruments as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.
                                 
                    Change in fair value due to a change in  
                    interest rate by  
Assets / (Liabilities)   Carrying     Estimated     + 10 basis     - 10 basis  
(M€)   amount     fair value     points     points  
 
As of December 31, 2010
                               
 
Bonds (non-current portion, before swaps)
    (20,019 )     (20,408 )     86       (84 )
 
                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (liabilities)
    (178 )     (178 )                
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets)
    1,870       1,870                  
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets and liabilities)
    1,692       1,692       (59 )     59  
 
                               
Current portion of non-current debt after swap (excluding capital lease obligations)
    3,483       3,483       4       (4 )
Other interest rates swaps
    (2 )     (2 )     3       (3 )
 
                               
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts
    (101 )     (101 )            
 
                               
 
As of December 31, 2009
                               
 
Bonds (non-current portion, before swaps)
    (18,368 )     (18,836 )     75       (75 )
 
                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (liabilities)
    (241 )     (241 )                
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets)
    1,025       1,025                  
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets and liabilities)
    784       784       (57 )     57  
 
                               
Current portion of non-current debt after swap (excluding capital lease obligations)
    (2,111 )     (2,111 )     3       (3 )
Other interest rates swaps
    (1 )     (1 )     1       (1 )
 
                               
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts
    34       34              
 
                               
 
As of December 31, 2008
                               
 
Bonds (non-current portion, before swaps)
    (14,119 )     (14,119 )     47       (43 )
 
                               
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (liabilities)
    (440 )     (440 )                
Swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets)
    892       892                  
Total swaps hedging fixed-rates bonds (assets and liabilities)
    452       452       (44 )     44  
 
                               
Current portion of non-current debt after swap (excluding capital lease obligations)
    (2,025 )     (2,025 )     3       (3 )
Other interest rates swaps
    (4 )     (4 )     1       (1 )
 
                               
Currency swaps and forward exchange contracts
    (56 )     (56 )            

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The impact of changes in interest rates on the cost of net debt before tax is as follows:
                         
For the year ended December 31,                  
(M€)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Cost of net debt
    (334 )     (398 )     (527 )
 
                       
Interest rate translation of :
                       
+ 10 basis points
    (11 )     (11 )     (11 )
- 10 basis points
    11       11       11  
+ 100 basis points
    (107 )     (108 )     (113 )
- 100 basis points
    107       108       113  
 
As a result of the policy for the management of currency exposure previously described, the Group’s sensitivity to currency exposure is primarily influenced by the net equity of the subsidiaries whose functional currency is the dollar and, to a lesser extent, the pound sterling and the Norwegian krone.
This sensitivity is reflected in the historical evolution of the currency translation adjustment recorded in the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity which, in the course of the last three fiscal years, is essentially related to the fluctuation of dollar and pound sterling and is set forth in the table below:
                 
    Euro / Dollar     Euro / Pound sterling  
    exchange rates     exchange rates  
 
As of December 31, 2010
    1.34       0.86  
As of December 31, 2009
    1.44       0.89  
As of December 31, 2008
    1.39       0.95  
 
                                         
As of December 31, 2010                           Pound     Other currencies and  
(M€)   Total     Euro     Dollar     sterling     equity affiliates(a)  
 
Shareholders’ equity at historical exchange rate
    62,909       32,894       22,242       4,997       2,776  
Currency translation adjustment before net investment hedge
    (2,501 )           (1,237 )     (1,274 )     10  
Net investment hedge — open instruments
    6             6              
Shareholders’ equity at exchange rate as of December 31, 2010
    60,414       32,894       21,011       3,723       2,786  
 
                                         
As of December 31, 2009                           Pound     Other currencies  
(M€)   Total     Euro     Dollar     sterling     and equity affiliates  
 
Shareholders’ equity at historical exchange rate
    57,621       27,717       18,671       5,201       6,032  
Currency translation adjustment before net investment hedge
    (5,074 )           (3,027 )     (1,465 )     (582 )
Net investment hedge — open instruments
    5             6       (1 )      
Shareholders’ equity at exchange rate as of December 31, 2009
    52,552       27,717       15,650       3,735       5,450  
 
                                         
As of December 31, 2008                           Pound     Other currencies  
(M€)   Total     Euro     Dollar     sterling     and equity affiliates  
 
Shareholders’ equity at historical exchange rate
    53,868       25,084       15,429       5,587       7,768  
Currency translation adjustment before net investment hedge
    (4,876 )           (2,191 )     (1,769 )     (916 )
Net investment hedge — open instruments
                             
Shareholders’ equity at exchange rate as of December 31, 2008
    48,992       25,084       13,238       3,818       6,852  
 
 
(a)   The decrease in the heading “Other currencies and equity affiliates” is mainly explained by the change in the consolidation method of Sanofi-Aventis (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The contribution to the shareholders’ equity of this investment is now reclassified into the heading for the Eurozone.
As a result of this policy, the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations on consolidated income, as illustrated in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, has not been significant over the last three years despite the considerable fluctuation of the dollar (nil result in 2010, loss of €32 million in 2009, gain of €112 million in 2008).

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Stock market risk
The Group holds interests in a number of publicly-traded companies (see Notes 12 and 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The market value of these holdings fluctuates due to various factors, including stock market trends, valuations of the sectors in which the companies operate, and the economic and financial condition of each individual company.
Liquidity risk
TOTAL S.A. has confirmed lines of credit granted by international banks, which are calculated to allow it to manage its short-term liquidity needs as required.
As of December 31, 2010, these lines of credit amounted to $9,592 million, of which $9,581 million was unused. The agreements for the lines of credit granted to TOTAL S.A. do not contain conditions related to the Company’s financial ratios, to its financial ratings from specialized agencies, or to the occurrence of events that could have a material adverse effect on its financial position. As of December 31, 2010, the aggregate amount of the principal confirmed lines of credit granted by international banks to Group companies, including TOTAL S.A., was $10,395 million, of which $10,383 million was unused. The lines of credit granted to Group companies other than TOTAL S.A. are not intended to finance the Group’s general needs; they are intended to finance either the general needs of the borrowing subsidiary or a specific project.
The following tables show the maturity of the financial assets and liabilities of the Group as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 (see Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
                                                         
As of December 31, 2010                                                  
(M€)   Less than                                     More than        
Assets/(Liabilities)   one year     1-2 years     2-3 years     3-4 years     4-5 years     5 years     Total  
 
Non-current financial debt (notional value excluding interests)
            (3,355 )     (3,544 )     (2,218 )     (3,404 )     (6,392 )     (18,913 )
Current borrowings
    (9,653 )                                             (9,653 )
Other current financial liabilities
    (159 )                                             (159 )
Current financial assets
    1,205                                               1,205  
Cash and cash equivalents
    14,489                                               14,489  
   
Net amount before financial expense
    5,882       (3,355 )     (3,544 )     (2,218 )     (3,404 )     (6,392 )     (13,031 )
Financial expense on non-current financial debt
    (843 )     (729 )     (605 )     (450 )     (358 )     (1,195 )     (4,180 )
Interest differential on swaps
    461       334       153       33       2       (78 )     905  
 
Net amount
    5,500       (3,750 )     (3,996 )     (2,635 )     (3,760 )     (7,665 )     (16,306 )
 
                                                         
As of December 31, 2009                                                  
(M€)   Less than                                     More than        
Assets/(Liabilities)   one year     1-2 years     2-3 years     3-4 years     4-5 years     5 years     Total  
 
Non-current financial debt (notional value excluding interests)
            (3,658 )     (3,277 )     (3,545 )     (2,109 )     (5,823 )     (18,412 )
Current borrowings
    (6,994 )                                             (6,994 )
Other current financial liabilities
    (123 )                                             (123 )
Current financial assets
    311                                               311  
Cash and cash equivalents
    11,662                                               11,662  
 
                                                     
 
Net amount before financial expense
    4,856       (3,658 )     (3,277 )     (3,545 )     (2,109 )     (5,823 )     (13,556 )
Financial expense on non-current financial debt
    (768 )     (697 )     (561 )     (448 )     (301 )     (1,112 )     (3,887 )
Interest differential on swaps
    447       233       100       25       (16 )     (55 )     734  
 
Net amount
    4,535       (4,122 )     (3,738 )     (3,968 )     (2,426 )     (6,990 )     (16,709 )
 
                                                         
As of December 31, 2008                                                  
(M€)   Less than                                     More than        
Assets/(Liabilities)   one year     1-2 years     2-3 years     3-4 years     4-5 years     5 years     Total  
 
Non-current financial debt (notional value excluding interests)
            (2,992 )     (3,658 )     (3,324 )     (3,232 )     (2,093 )     (15,299 )
Current borrowings
    (7,722 )                                             (7,722 )
Other current financial liabilities
    (158 )                                             (158 )
Current financial assets
    187                                               187  
Cash and cash equivalents
    12,321                                               12,321  
 
                                                     
 
Net amount before financial expense
    4,628       (2,992 )     (3,658 )     (3,324 )     (3,232 )     (2,093 )     (10,671 )
Financial expense on non-current financial debt
    (554 )     (512 )     (431 )     (299 )     (189 )     (174 )     (2,159 )
Interest differential on swaps
    118       211       100       62       37       (7 )     521  
 
Net amount
    4,192       (3,293 )     (3,989 )     (3,561 )     (3,384 )     (2,274 )     (12,309 )
 

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In addition, the Group guarantees bank debt and finance lease obligations of certain non-consolidated companies and equity affiliates. A payment would be triggered by failure of the guaranteed party to fulfill its obligation covered by the guarantee, and no assets are held as collateral for these guarantees. Maturity dates and amounts are set forth in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements (“Guarantees given against borrowings”).
The Group also guarantees the current liabilities of certain non-consolidated companies. Performance under these guarantees would be triggered by a financial default of these entities. Maturity dates and amounts are set forth in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements (“Guarantees of current liabilities”).
The following table sets forth financial assets and liabilities related to operating activities as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 (see Note 28 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
                         
As of December 31                  
(M€)                  
Assets/(Liabilities)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Accounts payable
    (18,450 )     (15,383 )     (14,815 )
Other operating liabilities
    (3,574 )     (4,706 )     (4,297 )
including financial instruments related to commodity contracts
    (559 )     (923 )     (1,033 )
Accounts receivable, net
    18,159       15,719       15,287  
Other operating receivables
    4,407       5,145       6,208  
including financial instruments related to commodity contracts
    499       1,029       1,664  
 
Total
    542       775       2,383  
 
These financial assets and liabilities mainly have a maturity date below one year.
Credit risk
Credit risk is defined as the risk of the counterparty to a contract failing to perform or pay the amounts due.
The Group is exposed to credit risks in its operating and financing activities. The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk is partially related to financial assets recorded on its balance sheet, including energy derivative instruments that have a positive market value.
The following table presents the Group’s maximum credit risk exposure:
                         
As of December 31,                  
(M€)                  
Assets/(Liabilities)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Loans to equity affiliates (Note 12)
    2,383       2,367       2,005  
Loans and advances (Note 14)
    1,596       1,284       1,403  
Hedging instruments of non-current financial debt (Note 20)
    1,870       1,025       892  
Accounts receivable (Note 16)
    18,159       15,719       15,287  
Other operating receivables (Note 16)
    4,407       5,145       6,208  
Current financial assets (Note 20)
    1,205       311       187  
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 27)
    14,489       11,662       12,321  
 
Total
    44,109       37,513       38,303  
 
The valuation allowance on loans and advances and on accounts receivable and other operating receivables is detailed respectively in Notes 14 and 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
As part of its credit risk management related to operating and financing activities, the Group has developed margin call contracts with certain counterparties. As of December 31, 2010, the net amount received as part of these margin calls was €1,560 million (against €693 million as of December 31, 2009).

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Credit risk is managed by the Group’s business segments as follows:
• Upstream Segment
      Exploration & Production
Risks arising under contracts with government authorities or other oil companies or under long-term supply contracts necessary for the development of projects are evaluated during the project approval process. The long-term aspect of these contracts and the high-quality of the other parties lead to a low level of credit risk.
Risks related to commercial operations, other than those described above (which are, in practice, directly monitored by subsidiaries), are subject to procedures for establishing and reviewing credit.
Customer receivables are subject to provisions on a case-by-case basis, based on prior history and management’s assessment of the facts and circumstances.
      Gas & Power
The Gas & Power division deals with counterparties in the energy, industrial and financial sectors throughout the world. Financial institutions providing credit risk coverage are highly rated international bank and insurance groups.
Potential counterparties are subject to credit assessment and approval before concluding transactions and are thereafter subject to regular review, including re-appraisal and approval of the limits previously granted.
The creditworthiness of counterparties is assessed based on an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data regarding financial standing and business risks, together with the review of any relevant third party and market information, such as data published by rating agencies. On this basis, credit limits are defined for each potential counterparty and, where appropriate, transactions are subject to specific authorisations.
Credit exposure, which is essentially an economic exposure or an expected future physical exposure, is permanently monitored and subject to sensitivity measures.
Credit risk is mitigated by the systematic use of industry standard contractual frameworks that permit netting, enable requiring added security in case of adverse change in the counterparty risk, and allow for termination of the contract upon occurrence of certain events of default.
• Downstream Segment
      Refining & Marketing
Internal procedures for the Refining & Marketing division include rules on credit risk that describe the basis of internal control in this domain, including the separation of authority between commercial and financial operations. Credit policies are defined at the local level, complemented by the implementation of procedures to monitor customer risk (credit committees at the subsidiary level, the creation of credit limits for corporate customers, portfolio guarantees, etc.).
Each entity also implements monitoring of its outstanding receivables. Risks related to credit may be mitigated or limited by requiring security or guarantees.
Bad debts are provisioned on a case-by-case basis at a rate determined by management based on an assessment of the facts and circumstances.
      Trading & Shipping
Trading & Shipping deals with commercial counterparties and financial institutions located throughout the world. Counterparties to physical and derivative transactions are primarily entities involved in the oil and gas industry or in the trading of energy commodities, or financial institutions. Credit risk coverage is concluded with financial institutions, international banks and insurance groups selected in accordance with strict criteria.
The Trading & Shipping division has a strict policy of internal delegation of authority governing establishment of country and counterparty credit limits and approval of specific transactions. Credit exposures contracted under these limits and approvals are monitored on a daily basis.
Potential counterparties are subject to credit assessment and approval prior to any transaction being concluded and all active counterparties are subject to regular reviews, including re-appraisal and approval of granted limits. The creditworthiness of counterparties is assessed based on an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data regarding financial standing and business risks, together with the review of any relevant third party and market information, such as ratings published by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s Investors Service and other agencies.
Contractual arrangements are structured so as to maximize the risk mitigation benefits of netting between transactions wherever possible and additional protective terms providing for the provision of security in the event of financial

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deterioration and the termination of transactions on the occurrence of defined default events are used to the greatest permitted extent.
Credit risks in excess of approved levels are secured by means of letters of credit and other guarantees, cash deposits and insurance arrangements. In respect of derivative transactions, risks are secured by margin call contracts wherever possible.
• Chemicals Segment
Credit risk in the Chemicals segment is primarily related to commercial receivables. Each division implements procedures for managing and provisioning credit risk that differ based on the size of the subsidiary and the market in which it operates. The principal elements of these procedures are:
    implementation of credit limits with different authorization procedures for possible credit overruns;
 
    use of insurance policies or specific guarantees (letters of credit);
 
    regular monitoring and assessment of overdue accounts (aging balance), including collection procedures; and
 
    provisioning of bad debts on a customer-by-customer basis, according to payment delays and local payment practices (provisions may also be calculated based on statistics).

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32) Other risks and contingent liabilities
TOTAL is not currently aware of any exceptional event, dispute, risks or contingent liabilities that could have a material impact on the assets and liabilities, results, financial position or operations of the Group.
Antitrust investigations
For the year ended 2010, the Group has not been fined pursuant to a Court ruling. The principal antitrust proceedings in which the Group is involved are described thereafter.
Chemicals Segment
  As part of the spin-off of Arkema1 in 2006, TOTAL S.A. or certain other Group companies agreed to grant Arkema guarantees for potential monetary consequences related to antitrust proceedings arising from events prior to the spin-off.
 
    These guarantees cover, for a period of ten years, 90% of amounts paid by Arkema related to (i) fines imposed by European authorities or European member-states for competition law violations, (ii) fines imposed by U.S. courts or antitrust authorities for federal antitrust violations or violations of the competition laws of U.S. states, (iii) damages awarded in civil proceedings related to the government proceedings mentioned above, and (iv) certain costs related to these proceedings. The guarantee related to anti-competition violations in Europe applies to amounts above a €176.5 million threshold. On the other hand, the agreements provide that Arkema will indemnify TOTAL S.A. or any Group company for 10% of any amount that TOTAL S.A. or any Group company are required to pay under any of the proceedings covered by these guarantees.
 
    If one or more individuals or legal entities, acting alone or together, directly or indirectly holds more than one-third of the voting rights of Arkema, or if Arkema transfers more than 50% of its assets (as calculated under the enterprise valuation method, as of the date of the transfer) to a third party or parties acting together, irrespective of the type or number of transfers, these guarantees will become void.
 
  In the United States, investigations into certain commercial practices of some subsidiaries of the Arkema group have been closed since 2007; no charges have been brought against Arkema. Civil liability lawsuits, for which TOTAL S.A. has been named as the parent company, are about to be closed and are not expected to have a significant impact on the Group’s financial position.
 
  In Europe, since May 2006, the European Commission has fined companies of the Group in its configuration prior to the spin-off an overall amount of €385.47 million, of which Elf Aquitaine and/or TOTAL S.A. and their subsidiaries were held jointly liable for €280.17 million, Elf Aquitaine being personally fined €23.6 million for deterrence. These fines are entirely settled as of today.
 
    As a result2, since the spin-off, the Group has paid the overall amount of €188.07 million, corresponding to 90% of the fines overall amount once the threshold provided for by the guarantee is deducted.
 
    The European Commission imposed these fines following investigations between 2000 and 2004 into commercial practices involving eight products sold by Arkema. Five of these investigations resulted in prosecutions from the European Commission for which Elf Aquitaine has been named as the parent company, and two of these investigations named TOTAL S.A. as the ultimate parent company of the Group.
 
    TOTAL S.A. and Elf Aquitaine are contesting their liability based solely on their status as parent companies and appealed for cancellation and reformation of the rulings that are still pending before the relevant EU court of appeals or supreme court of appeals.
 
    Besides, a civil proceeding against Arkema and five groups of companies was initiated before a German regional court by a third party for an alleged damage pursuant to one of the above described legal proceedings. TOTAL S.A. was summoned to serve notice of the dispute before this court. At this point, the probability to have a favorable verdict and the financial impacts of this procedure are uncertain due to the number of legal difficulties it gave rise to, the lack of documented claim and the complex evaluation of the alleged damage.
 
    Arkema began implementing compliance procedures in 2001 that are designed to prevent its employees from violating antitrust provisions. However, it is not possible to exclude the possibility that the relevant authorities could commence additional proceedings involving Arkema regarding events prior to the spin-off, as well as Elf Aquitaine and/or TOTAL S.A. based on their status as parent company.
 
1   Arkema is used in this section to designate those companies of the Arkema group whose ultimate parent company is Arkema S.A. Arkema became an independent company after being spun-off from TOTAL S.A. in May 2006.
 
2   This amount does not take into account a case that led to Arkema, prior to Arkema’s spin-off from TOTAL, and Elf Aquitaine being fined jointly €45 million and Arkema being fined €13.5 million. This case is referred to in past Registration Documents.

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Within the framework of the legal proceedings described above, a €17 million reserve is booked in the Group’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2010.
Downstream segment
  Pursuant to a statement of objections received by Total Nederland N.V. and TOTAL S.A. (based on its status as parent company) from the European Commission, Total Nederland N.V. was fined in 2006 €20.25 million, which has been paid, and for which TOTAL S.A. was held jointly liable for €13.5 million. TOTAL S.A. appealed this decision before the relevant court and this appeal is still pending.
 
    In addition, pursuant to a statement of objections received by Total Raffinage Marketing (formerly Total France) and TOTAL S.A. from the European Commission regarding another product line of the Refining & Marketing division, Total Raffinage Marketing was fined €128.2 million in 2008, which has been paid, and for which TOTAL S.A. was held jointly liable based on its status as parent company. TOTAL S.A. also appealed this decision before the relevant court and this appeal is still pending.
 
  Finally, TotalGaz and Total Raffinage Marketing received a statement of objections from the French Antitrust Authority (Autorité de la concurrence française) regarding alleged antitrust practices concerning another product line of the Refining & Marketing division. The case was dismissed by decision of the French antitrust authorities on December 17, 2010.
Given the discretionary powers granted to the antitrust authorities for determining fines relating to antitrust regulations, it is not currently possible to determine with certainty the outcome of these investigations and proceedings. TOTAL S.A. and Elf Aquitaine are contesting their liability and the method of determining these fines. Although it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, the Group believes that they will not have a material adverse effect on its financial situation or consolidated results.
Buncefield
On December 11, 2005, several explosions, followed by a major fire, occurred at an oil storage depot at Buncefield, north of London. This depot was operated by Hertfordshire Oil Storage Limited (HOSL), a company in which TOTAL’s UK subsidiary holds 60% and another oil group holds 40%.
The explosion caused injuries, most of which were minor injuries, to a number of people and caused property damage to the depot and the buildings and homes located nearby. The official Independent Investigation Board has indicated that the explosion was caused by the overflow of a tank at the depot. The Board’s final report was released on December 11, 2008. The civil procedure for claims, which had not yet been settled, took place between October and December 2008. The Court’s decision of March 20, 2009, declared TOTAL’s UK subsidiary liable for the accident and solely liable for indemnifying the victims. The subsidiary appealed the decision. The appeal trial took place in January 2010. The Court of Appeals, by a decision handed down on March 4, 2010, confirmed the prior judgment. The Supreme Court of United Kingdom has partially authorized TOTAL’s UK subsidiary to contest the decision. The hearings before the Supreme Court are expected to be held during the first half of 2011.
The Group carries insurance for damage to its interests in these facilities, business interruption and civil liability claims from third parties. The provision for the civil liability that appears in the Group’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2010, stands at €194 million after taking into account the payments previously made.
The Group believes that, based on the information currently available, on a reasonable estimate of its liability and on provisions recognized, this accident should not have a significant impact on the Group’s financial situation or consolidated results.
In addition, on December 1, 2008, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the Environment Agency (EA) issued a Notice of prosecution against five companies, including TOTAL’s UK subsidiary. By a judgment on July 16, 2010, TOTAL’s UK subsidiary was fined £3.6 million. The decision takes into account a number of elements that have mitigated the impact of the charges brought against it.
Erika
Following the sinking in December 1999 of the Erika, a tanker that was transporting products belonging to one of the Group companies, the Tribunal de grande instance of Paris convicted TOTAL S.A. of marine pollution pursuant to a judgment issued on January 16, 2008, finding that TOTAL S.A. was negligent in its vetting procedure for vessel selection, and ordering TOTAL S.A. to pay a fine of €375,000. The court also ordered compensation to be paid to those affected by the pollution from the Erika up to an aggregate amount of €192 million, declaring TOTAL S.A. jointly and severally liable for such payments together with the Erika’s inspection and classification firm, the Erika’s owner and the Erika’s manager.
TOTAL has appealed the verdict of January 16, 2008. In the meantime, it nevertheless proposed to pay third parties who so requested definitive compensation as determined by the court. Forty-one third parties have been compensated for an aggregate amount of €171.5 million.

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By a decision dated March 30, 2010, the Court of Appeal of Paris upheld the lower court verdict pursuant to which TOTAL S.A. was convicted of marine pollution and fined €375,000. TOTAL appealed this decision to the French Supreme Court (Cour de cassation).
However, the Court of Appeal ruled that TOTAL S.A. bears no civil liability according to the applicable international conventions and consequently ruled that TOTAL S.A. be not convicted.
TOTAL S.A. believes that, based on the information currently available, the case should not have a significant impact on the Group’s financial situation or consolidated results.
Blue Rapid and the Russian Olympic Committee — Russian regions and Interneft
Blue Rapid, a Panamanian company, and the Russian Olympic Committee filed a claim for damages with the Paris Commercial Court against Elf Aquitaine concerning the withdrawal of one of its subsidiaries from an exploration and production project in Russia that was negotiated in the early 1990s. Elf Aquitaine believes this claim to be unfounded. On January 12, 2009, the Commercial Court of Paris rejected Blue Rapid’s claim and found that the Russian Olympic Committee did not have standing in the matter. This decision has been appealed. The hearings should be held during the first half of 2011.
In connection with the same facts, and fifteen years after the termination of this exploration and production project, a Russian company and two regions of the Russian Federation have launched an arbitration procedure against a former subsidiary of Elf Aquitaine that was liquidated in 2005, claiming damages of an unspecified amount at this stage of the procedure. The Group considers this claim to be unfounded. The Group has reserved its rights to take any actions and/or measures that would be appropriate to defend its interests.
Iran
In 2003, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) followed by the Department of Justice (DoJ) issued a formal order directing an investigation in connection with the pursuit of business in Iran, by certain oil companies including, among others, TOTAL.
The inquiry concerns an agreement concluded by the Company with a consultant concerning a gas field in Iran and aims to verify whether certain payments made under this agreement would have benefited Iranian officials in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and the Company’s accounting obligations.
Investigations are still pending and the Company is cooperating with the SEC and the DoJ. In 2010, the Company opened talks with U.S. authorities, without any acknowledgement of facts, to consider an out-of-court settlement. Generally, out-of-court settlements with U.S. authorities include payment of fines and the obligation to improve internal compliance systems or other measures.
In this same case, a judicial inquiry related to TOTAL was initiated in France in 2006. In 2007, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer was placed under formal investigation in relation to this inquiry, as the former President of the Middle East department of the Group’s Exploration & Production division. The Company has not been notified of any significant developments in the proceedings since the formal investigation was launched.
At this point, the Company cannot determine when these investigations will terminate, and cannot predict their results, or the outcome of the talks that have been initiated, or the costs of a potential out-of-court settlement. Resolving this case is not expected to have a significant impact on the Group’s financial situation or any impact on its future planned operations.
33) Other information
A) Research and development costs
Research and development costs incurred by the Group in 2010 amounted to €715 million (€650 million in 2009 and €612 million in 2008), corresponding to 0.4% of the sales.
The staff dedicated in 2010 to these research and development activities are estimated at 4,087 people (4,016 in 2009 and 4,285 in 2008).
B) Carbon dioxide emission rights
The principles governing the accounting for emission rights are presented in Note 1 paragraph T to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of December 31, 2010, given the emission rights granted in the National Allocations Plans (NAPs), the position of the Group’s industrial facilities that are covered by the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is getting longer. This long position is expected to be confirmed at the end of the 2008 — 2012 period.

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34)   Changes in progress in the Group structure
  Upstream
    TOTAL finalized in November 2010 an agreement in principle with Perenco, an independent exploration and production French company, to sell its 75.8% equity in its upstream Cameroonian affiliate Total E&P Cameroun. This agreement is subject to the Cameroonian Authorities’ approval.
 
      As of December 31, 2010, assets and liabilities of the affiliate Total E&P Cameroun have been classified respectively as “Assets classified as held for sale” on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €183 million and as “Liabilities directly associated with the assets classified as held for sale” on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €137 million. The concerned assets and liabilities mainly include tangible assets for €109 million and provisions and other non-current liabilities for €74 million.
 
    In addition to the agreement signed during September 2010 (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), TOTAL signed in December 2010 an agreement to acquire an additional 7.5% interest in Australia’s GLNG project from Santos for an amount of $281 million. This will increase Total’s overall stake in the project to 27.5%.
 
      At the same time, South Korea’s Kogas has signed an agreement to join the project with a 15% stake. Once both transactions, which are subject to the approval of Australia’s Foreign Investment Review Board, have been finalized, interests in the project will be: Santos (30%, operator), Petronas (27.5%), TOTAL (27.5%) and Kogas (15%).
 
    Total E&P Canada Ltd., a TOTAL subsidiary, and Suncor Energy Inc. (Suncor) have signed in December 2010 several agreements to form a strategic oil sands alliance encompassing the Suncor-operated Fort Hills mining project, the TOTAL-operated Joslyn mining project and the Suncor-operated Voyageur upgrader project. All three assets are located in the Athabasca region of the province of Alberta, in Canada. Under the alliance, the companies will pool their combined interests in these projects, with the respective operator holding 51% and the other partner 49%.
 
      The agreements comprise four significant and related transactions:
    TOTAL is acquiring 19.2% of Suncor’s interest in the Fort Hills project. Taking into account the acquisition of UTS, finalized in September 2010, TOTAL will have an overall 39.2% interest in Fort Hills. Suncor, as operator, will hold 40.8%;
 
    Suncor is acquiring 36.75% of TOTAL’s interest in the Joslyn project. TOTAL, as operator, will retain a 38.25% interest in the project;
 
    TOTAL is also acquiring a 49% stake in the Suncor-operated Voyageur upgrader project;
 
    As a result of the terms of these transactions and the related net balancing of the portfolio, in particular to contribute to the past costs of the Voyageur project, TOTAL will pay Suncor CAD 1,751 million, with a value date of January 1st, 2011.
      The implementation of the agreements is subject to securing the necessary regulatory approvals from the Government of Canada and certain other approvals.
 
      As a result of the agreements, TOTAL will no longer proceed with the planned construction of an upgrader in Edmonton.
 
      As of December 31, 2010, the share of assets and liabilities of the Joslyn mining project covered by the agreements has been classified respectively as “Assets classified as held for sale” on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €622 million and as “Liabilities directly associated with the assets classified as held for sale” on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €8 million. The concerned assets include mineral interests for €390 million and tangible assets for €232 million.

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    Chemicals
    TOTAL has announced in December 2010 a plan to sell its photocure and coatings resins businesses to Arkema for a €550 million enterprise value. The divestment is subject to the applicable legally required consultation and notification processes for employee representatives at TOTAL and Arkema and to the approval of the anti-trust authorities in the countries concerned. It could take place in the first half of 2011.
 
      As of December 31, 2010, assets and liabilities of the photocure and coatings resins businesses have been classified respectively as “Assets classified as held for sale” on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €465 million and as “Liabilities directly associated with the assets classified as held for sale” on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheet for €52 million. The concerned assets mainly include a goodwill for €63 million, tangible assets for €196 million and inventories for €138 million.
35.   Consolidation scope
As of December 31, 2010, 687 entities are consolidated of which 596 are fully consolidated, and 91 are accounted for under the equity method (identified with the letter E). This simplified organizational chart shows the main consolidated entities. For each of them, the Group interest is mentioned between brackets. This chart of legal detentions is not exhaustive and does not reflect neither the operational structure nor the relative economic size of the Group entities and the business segments.
CHART

Page 93

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