-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, BLaA4CVWrLR/yAByW40wNhDNwSjXp34ndx3HUdH/lwpd3NNP4P2kguLo3mG/xMjS WTAlluz56ZOUrwvFRPRZGw== 0000879688-97-000019.txt : 19970329 0000879688-97-000019.hdr.sgml : 19970329 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000879688-97-000019 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 10 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 19961231 FILED AS OF DATE: 19970328 SROS: NASD FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000879688 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: REFUSE SYSTEMS [4953] IRS NUMBER: 133532338 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-20868 FILM NUMBER: 97566132 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: FOUR GREENWICH OFFICE PARK CITY: GREENWICH STATE: CT ZIP: 06830 BUSINESS PHONE: 2036223131 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4 GREENWICH OFFICE PARK CITY: GREENWICH STATE: CT ZIP: 06830 10-K 1 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996 [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to ___________ Commission file number 0-20868 UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 13-3532338 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. employer incorporation or organization) identification no.) Four Greenwich Office Park, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code (203) 622 3131 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Title of class Common Stock, $.001 par value 8% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, $.001 par value Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. [X]Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10K. [X] As of March 12, 1997, there were 42,641,771 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding. The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant at March 12, 1997 was approximately $1,722,376,000. The aggregate market value was calculated by using the closing price of the stock as of that date on the Nasdaq Stock Market. Documents incorporated by reference: Certain sections of the registrant's Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days of the end of the registrant's fiscal year are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. FORM 10-K REPORT INDEX Page PART I Item 1 Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Item 2 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Item 3 Legal Proceedings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Item 4 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders. 33 PART II Item 5 Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Item 6 Selected Financial Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. . . . . . . . . 41 Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. . . . . 53 Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. . . . . . . . . 91 PART III Item 10 Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant . 92 Item 11 Executive and Director Compensation. . . . . . . . . 92 Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions . . . 92 PART IV Item 14 Exhibits, Financial Statements and Schedule and Reports on Form 8-K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Unless otherwise indicated, the terms the "Company" and "United Waste Systems" refer collectively to United Waste Systems, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Certain statements contained in this report are forward-looking in nature. These statements are generally identified by the inclusion of phrases such as "the Company expects," "the Company anticipates," "the Company believes," "the Company estimates," and other phrases of similar meaning. Whether such statements ultimately prove to be accurate depends upon a variety of factors that may affect the business and operations of the Company. PART I Item 1. Business General United Waste Systems provides integrated solid waste management services to commercial, industrial and residential customers in 20 states. These services include nonhazardous landfill operations, waste collection services, waste reuse and reduction programs (such as composting and recycling) and related environmental services. The Company has completed approximately 170 acquisitions of solid waste businesses since its formation in July 1989, including over 90 completed since January 1, 1996. The Company currently operates 36 nonhazardous landfill operations (including 14 that it operates on behalf of municipalities), 61 waste collection companies that have over 2,700 collection vehicles and trailers and serve over 850,000 customers, and 67 waste transfer stations (including seven that it operates on behalf of municipalities). The Company generally targets regions in which it has the potential to establish a significant position. The Company believes that this potential is greatest in regions where there are few, if any, well capitalized and established waste management companies present and where demand for integrated waste management services is expected to increase. The Company has succeeded in establishing and maintaining a significant position in a majority of the geographic regions in which it currently operates. The Company's objective is to continue to expand through a combination of new acquisitions and internal growth. The focus of the Company's acquisition program at present is to capitalize on opportunities around its existing operating regions that will create synergies and efficiencies, as well as to selectively enter several new regions annually. The Company may also selectively consider acquisition or consolidation opportunities involving other public companies or large privately-held companies. The Company's strategy for improving internal growth is to consolidate and integrate operations, improve operating efficiencies, provide high levels of customer service, market to new customers and maintain strict cost controls. The Company on an ongoing basis reevaluates its strategy in light of changing market, economic, regulatory and other relevant conditions and considerations. As a result, the Company, from time to time, may modify certain aspects of its strategy. Industry Background In the United States, landfilling is at present the most common means of disposing of municipal solid waste ("MSW"), which consists primarily of refuse and garbage from households and commercial establishments. In addition, landfilling is one of the means of disposing of certain special waste. Special waste, some types of which may require special handling, consists of all waste not regulated as hazardous waste under federal or state laws other than MSW and may include asbestos, construction and demolition materials, petroleum-contaminated soil, incinerator ash, sewage sludge, foundry sands and industrial sludges. In October 1991, the Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") adopted new regulations under Subtitle D of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (the "Subtitle D Regulations"), which were generally effective on October 9, 1993 (except for new financial assurance requirements which are scheduled to become effective April 9, 1997). The Subtitle D Regulations specify design, siting, operating, monitoring, closure and financial requirements for landfill operations and, among other things, require upgraded or new composite landfill liners, leachate collection and treatment, groundwater and methane gas monitoring, stricter siting and locational criteria, closure and extended post-closure requirements and financial assurances (such as a surety bond) that the owner or operator can meet certain of these obligations. Each state is required to revise its applicable solid waste regulations or programs to meet the requirements of the Subtitle D Regulations or such requirements automatically will be imposed by the EPA. Many states have already adopted regulations or programs as stringent as, or more stringent than, the Subtitle D Regulations, including certain of those in which the Company's landfills are located. The Company believes that in recent years there has been a trend towards consolidation of landfill ownership and that a similar trend is emerging in the solid waste collection industry, which historically has been characterized by numerous small companies. The Company believes that these trends will continue and are the result of several factors: - - The Subtitle D Regulations and related state regulations and programs have significantly increased the amount of capital and the technical expertise required in order to own and operate a landfill. As a result, many landfill operators that lack the required capital or expertise are electing to sell their landfills, as an alternative to closing them. - - A number of municipalities are electing to privatize their municipal landfills as an alternative to funding the changes to these landfills that are required in order to comply with the Subtitle D Regulations and related state regulations and programs. - - As a result of heightened sensitivity to environmental concerns by many communities, it is becoming increasingly necessary in many markets for collection companies to provide waste reuse and reduction programs, such as recycling and composting, in addition to conventional waste collection services. This development, as well as more stringent bonding requirements being imposed on waste collection companies by various municipalities, have increased the amount of capital generally required for waste collection operations, causing private collection companies that lack the requisite capital to sell their operations to better capitalized companies. Acquisitions Since it commenced operations in 1989, the Company has completed the acquisition of approximately 170 solid waste businesses. The Company has an experienced acquisition team, comprised of operating, environmental, engineering, legal, financial and accounting personnel, engaged in identifying and evaluating acquisition opportunities and implementing the Company's acquisition program. The Company has established detailed pre-acquisition review procedures for acquisition candidates, including legal, financial, engineering, operational and environmental reviews. The environmental review includes, where appropriate, investigation of geologic, hydrogeologic and other site conditions, past and current operations (including types of waste deposited), design and construction records, permits, regulatory compliance history, regulatory agency records, and available soil sampling, groundwater and air monitoring results. The Company frequently structures its landfill acquisitions in a manner that makes the post-acquisition performance of the acquired business a significant factor in establishing the purchase price. Purchase price structures utilized by the Company include contingent payments that are based upon the achievement of specified development or permitting targets and/or royalties that are based upon future revenues or use and/or purchase price holdbacks pending verification of represented revenues. In addition, in establishing the purchase price for a landfill, the Company considers the extent to which capital expenditures may be required in order to comply with the Subtitle D Regulations or other regulations. Acquisitions Completed in 1996 During 1996, the Company completed 79 acquisitions, including 48 "tuck-in" acquisitions. (A tuck-in acquisition is one in which the Company acquires a collection company's vehicles and assumes the service rights and obligations relating to such company's customers, which are then integrated into one of the Company's existing collection operations). The table below provides a summary description of the operations acquired by the Company in 1996. Type of Operation Number Acquired Landfills 15(1) Collection companies (excluding tuck-in acquisitions) 31(2) Transfer stations 28(3) Collection tuck-in acquisitions 48 (1) These landfills are located in Arizona, California, Colorado, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Mexico, and North Dakota. These landfills include 10 which the Company operates on behalf of municipalities. (2) These collection companies are located in Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Dakota, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin. (3) These transfer stations are located in California, Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Dakota, and Rhode Island. These transfer stations include three which the Company operates on behalf of municipalities. Letters of Intent As of March 25, 1997, the Company has entered into 25 non-binding letters of intent relating to possible acquisitions and is in discussions with a number of additional potential acquisition candidates. In addition, the Company has an option to purchase certain operations. These letters of intent and the option relate to the possible acquisition by the Company of 27 nonhazardous solid waste collection companies, one nonhazardous landfill operation and 11 transfer stations. Based upon information provided to the Company in connection with its preliminary investigation of these businesses, the Company estimates that the aggregate annualized revenues of these businesses is approximately $93 million. However, in view of the preliminary nature of this estimate, there can be no assurance that actual revenues will not differ. Furthermore, in view of the fact that these letters of intent are non-binding and that the Company has not completed its due diligence investigations with respect to these potential acquisitions, the Company cannot predict whether these letters of intent will lead to definitive agreements or whether the terms of any such definitive agreements will be the same as the terms contemplated by the letters of intent. Operations The Company's waste management operations include the ownership and operation of nonhazardous solid waste landfills; waste collection services; waste reuse and reduction programs (such as composting and recycling); and related environmental services. Landfills The Company currently operates 36 landfills permitted to receive nonhazardous solid waste. These include 22 landfill operations that the Company owns and 14 that it operates on behalf of municipalities. These landfills owned or operated by the Company are located in Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The permitted waste streams at each of the Company's landfills include both MSW and certain special waste (the type of special waste varying from landfill to landfill), with the exception of a landfill in Mississippi (where the permitted waste streams are exclusively asbestos and associated waste) and a landfill in Michigan (where the permitted waste streams are exclusively construction and demolition debris). The waste disposed of at the Company's landfills is provided by both its own collection operations and by third party collection operations. The Company's policy generally is to operate each of its landfills in a manner that will first serve the waste disposal needs of the local region in which the landfill is located and then the waste disposal needs of other areas. The landfills that the Company operates on behalf of municipalities are operated pursuant to contracts. Under the terms of these contracts, the Company is compensated for its services either by being paid a fee by the municipality or by having the right to retain a portion of the revenues of the landfill. In 1996, the operations of municipal landfills by the Company accounted for approximately 6% of the Company's total revenues. The 22 landfill operations that the Company owns and currently operates include approximately 5,458 total acres of land. Of such acres, approximately 1,802 acres are permitted (including approximately 1,188 acres that are unused). Such permitted acreage includes land on which disposal cells and supporting facilities have already been constructed (including acres that may have been filled or capped and are no longer accepting waste) and land on which such cells and improvements may be constructed based upon an approval issued by the state generally authorizing the development or siting of a landfill on the acreage. Although acreage is permitted, it may be necessary, depending on a state's particular regulatory requirements, for the Company to obtain additional authorizations prior to actually constructing and/or operating each new disposal cell. Permitted acreage does not reflect the volume (or "airspace") available for disposal, since such acreage includes filled or capped areas and since volume depends on vertical space as well as surface area. The Company monitors the available permitted in-place disposal capacity at each of its landfills on an ongoing basis and evaluates whether to seek to expand this capacity. In making this evaluation, the Company considers various factors, including the volume of waste projected to be disposed of at the landfill, the size of the unpermitted acreage available at the landfill, the likelihood that the Company will be successful in obtaining the necessary approvals and permits required for the expansion, and the costs that would be involved in developing the expanded capacity. See "Business-Environmental Regulations-Additional Information" for information concerning certain recent developments that will impact the issuance of certain new permits and approvals in Massachusetts. In addition to the landfills that it currently operates, the Company owns one landfill in Massachusetts (the Hudson landfill) that ceased accepting waste in mid 1995 because it had exhausted available capacity. The Company presently has a permit to construct additional capacity which is subject to resolution of certain zoning variances. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be successful in this regard. Collection and Transfer Station Operations The Company provides solid waste collection services to over 850,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers and, in connection with providing these services, operates 67 transfer stations. These services are currently being provided in Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, and Vermont. Residential collection services involve the curbside collection of waste by collection vehicles and the transportation of the waste to transfer stations, landfills and incinerators. Residential collection services are typically provided either on a subscription basis, where the individual household contracts directly with the service provider, or on a municipal contract basis, where a municipality contracts with a service provider to provide collection services to all residences within a specified area. As part of its services to industrial and commercial customers, the Company generally supplies these customers with containers that range in size from 2 to 40 cubic yards. In the case of commercial customers, the Company generally collects the containers on a set schedule. In the case of industrial customers, it may collect the containers either on a set schedule or upon request, depending upon the arrangement with the particular customer. Services to commercial and industrial customers are typically provided under contracts. In the case of commercial customers, the contract typically provides for a term ranging from 1 to 3 years. In the case of industrial customers, the contract may provide for temporary services (such as the removal of waste from a construction site) or ongoing services (such as the removal of sludge from a paper mill). The Company provides specialized asbestos collection, transportation and disposal services primarily to asbestos removal companies. These services are provided in the eastern part of the United States, primarily in Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. As part of these services, the Company supplies its customers with one or more enclosed trailers in which the customer loads sealed bags of asbestos-containing material. The Company then arranges for a common carrier to haul the trailer to one of the Company's disposal sites. All asbestos-containing material collected by the Company is currently being disposed of at the Company's landfills. A transfer station is a central waste collection point where collection vehicles can deposit waste collected from individual households or commercial or industrial customers. Waste received at a transfer station is transferred on a regular basis to larger vehicles that transport the waste to disposal sites. The Company uses its transfer stations in its own collection operations and permits others to use them for a fee. Waste Reuse and Reduction Programs Waste reuse and reduction programs (such as recycling and composting) are becoming increasingly important as a result of heightened sensitivity to environmental concerns on the part of many communities, as well as new state, local or regional plans that are increasingly mandating these programs in response to public demand. The Company currently provides several different services in connection with these programs. Recycling. The Company provides recycling services for certain waste streams in conjunction with several of its collection operations. These services include the following: collection of recyclable waste at curbside on certain collection routes; transfer station operations where recyclable waste is separated from other waste and compacted and packaged for possible sale to third parties; and providing a variety of recycling services, including the segregated collection of paper, cardboard boxes and construction debris for resale to paper manufacturers and others. Sludge Composting. The Company owns and operates a waste water sludge composting plant located in Springfield, Massachusetts. This facility encompasses a totally "in vessel" sludge composting operation that was designed as an enclosed system in order to prevent emissions from escaping into the atmosphere. During 1992, the Company entered into a 20-year service agreement with the City of Springfield under which the Company treats sewage sludge generated at the Springfield Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility. Other Services In May 1993, the Company completed the acquisition of Northern A-1 Sanitation Services, Inc. ("Northern A-1"). In addition to providing solid waste collection services, Northern A-1 provides certain other environmental services in the Northern Michigan area. These services include industrial waste and sludge removal and handling; industrial facility cleaning; underground storage tank removal; soil remediation; emergency spill clean-up; and related environmental services. Northern A-1 also provides limited hazardous waste transportation services for disposal at third party disposal facilities. Although the Company generally has not acquired, and in the future does not intend to acquire, hazardous waste businesses, the Company at present has determined to continue Northern A-1's limited hazardous waste transportation service in order to be able to continue to provide Northern A-1's customer base with the full range of services to which they are accustomed. Competition The solid waste collection and disposal business is highly competitive and requires substantial amounts of capital. The Company competes with numerous local and regional companies and, in selected areas, with the large national waste management companies. Some of these companies have significantly larger operations and greater resources than the Company. The Company also competes with those counties and municipalities that maintain their own waste collection and disposal operations. These counties and municipalities may have financial advantages due to the availability to them of tax revenues and tax exempt financing. The Company competes primarily by charging competitive prices and offering quality service. Competitors may reduce the price of their services in an effort to expand market share or to win competitively bid municipal contracts. Liability Insurance and Bonding The Company's insurance coverage for environmental liability is limited to (i) over-the-road environmental liability protection for the transportation of asbestos-containing material, (ii) contractors pollution liability insurance that relates to certain of the environmental services provided by the Company and (iii) certain other pollution liability insurance, which insurance is the equivalent of self insurance because under the terms thereof the Company is required to fully reimburse the insurance company for any claims paid. The Company does not carry additional insurance for environmental liability because the Company believes that the cost of such insurance is high relative to the coverage that it would provide. Due to the limited nature of the Company's insurance coverage for environmental liability, if the Company were to incur liability for environmental damage, its business and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. With the exception of insurance coverage for environmental liability, the Company carries a broad range of insurance for the protection of its assets and operations. However, the Company's blanket insurance policy, which covers workers compensation, automobile and general liability, is subject to a deductible of $250,000 per incident. From time to time the Company may be required to post a performance bond or a bank letter of credit in connection with municipal residential collection contracts and the operation or closure of landfills. If the Company were to be unable to obtain surety bonds or letters of credit in sufficient amounts or at reasonable rates, it might be precluded from entering into additional municipal collection contracts or obtaining or retaining landfill operating permits. Executive Officers of the Registrant The following table sets forth certain information concerning the Board of Directors and the executive officers of the Company: Name Age Positions Bradley S. Jacobs 40 Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director Edward T. Sheehan 54 President & Chief Operating Officer John N. Milne 38 Vice Chairman, Senior Vice President, Chief Acquisition Officer, Treasurer, Secretary, and Director Michael J. Nolan 36 Chief Financial Officer Richard A. Volonino 54 Executive Vice President Robert P. Miner 47 Vice President, Acquisitions G. Chris Andersen 57 Director Lawrence J. Twill, Sr. 59 Director Christian Weyer 72 Director J. Bryan Williams, III 57 Director Bradley S. Jacobs, the founder of the Company, has been a senior executive officer and director of the Company since the Company's incorporation in July 1989 and has served as the Company's Chief Executive Officer during most of that period. He has also served as Chairman since January 1992. From 1984 to July 1989, Mr. Jacobs was the Chairman and Chief Operating Officer of Hamilton Resources (UK) Ltd., an international trading company. From 1979 to 1983, Mr. Jacobs was the Chief Executive Officer of Amerex Oil Associates, Inc., an oil brokerage firm. Edward T. Sheehan has been a senior executive officer of the Company since October 1992 and currently serves as President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company. From September 1990 to April 1992, Mr. Sheehan was Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Clean Harbors Corporation, a publicly-held company engaged in the hazardous waste treatment business. From 1966 until 1990, Mr. Sheehan held several positions with the General Electric Company. His duties included operating responsibility for affiliates in Saudi Arabia, Spain, South Africa, and Portugal, from 1983 to 1985. In addition, he was Manager-Finance for GE Industry Sales and Services from 1987 to 1990 and Manager-Finance for Factory Automation Products Division from 1986 to 1987. From 1985 to 1986, Mr. Sheehan served as International Treasurer for the General Electric Company. Mr. Sheehan has a bachelor's degree from Siena College. John N. Milne has been a senior executive officer of the Company since March 1990 and a director of the Company since September 1991. He currently serves as the Vice Chairman, Senior Vice President, Chief Acquisition Officer, Treasurer and Secretary of the Company. Since joining the Company, he has had primary responsibility for implementing the Company's acquisition program. Mr. Milne has a master's degree in business administration and a juris doctorate degree from the University of Western Ontario. Mr. Milne also has a bachelor's degree in engineering from the University of Waterloo in Ontario. Michael J. Nolan has been Chief Financial Officer since February 1994. From October 1992 to February 1994 he was Vice President, Finance and from November 1991 to October 1992 he was Vice President, Financial Analysis and Reporting. From 1985 until November 1991, Mr. Nolan was with the accounting firm of Ernst & Young. While at Ernst & Young, Mr. Nolan served in various positions, including senior audit manager. Mr. Nolan is a Certified Public Accountant and received a bachelor's degree in accounting from the University of Hartford. Richard A. Volonino has been a senior executive officer of the Company since November 1991 and currently serves as Executive Vice President. From May 1988 to October 1991, Mr. Volonino held various positions with Chambers Development Company, Inc., including Vice President, Operations from January 1990 to September 1991 and Director of Landfills from September 1988 to January 1990. From 1986 to December 1987, Mr. Volonino was a District Manager with Laidlaw, Inc. Mr. Volonino has been employed in the waste management business since 1964. Mr. Volonino has a bachelor's degree in business from the University of Bridgeport and an associate's degree in electrical and mechanical engineering from New York City Community College. Robert P. Miner has been a senior executive officer of the Company since November 1994 and currently serves as Vice President, Acquisitions. From November 1988 to October 1994, he was a research analyst covering the pollution control industry for PaineWebber Incorporated and from January 1987 to October 1988, he was a research analyst covering this industry for Needham & Co. Prior to this, Mr. Miner held various managerial positions in marketing, project management and process engineering for General Electric Environmental Services, Inc., Stauffer Chemical Company, and OHM Corporation. Mr. Miner has a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Clarkson University and a master's degree in management from Pace University. G. Chris Andersen has been a director of the Company since June 1995. Mr. Andersen is a principal of Andersen, Weinroth & Co. a merchant banking firm founded in 1996. From 1990 through 1995, he was Vice Chairman of PaineWebber Incorporated. For 20 years prior to 1990, Mr. Andersen held senior executive positions at various investment banking firms. Mr. Andersen received a master's degree in business administration from Northwestern University. Mr. Andersen is also a director of Terex corporation, a publicly traded company that manufactures construction equipment and truck trailers, Sunshine Mining Company, a publicly traded company engaged in mining, and Headway Corporate Resources, Inc., a publicly traded company providing staffing services. Lawrence J. Twill, Sr. has been a director of the Company since November 1991. Mr. Twill is, and has been since March 1991, the President of Ashwood Capital, a private merchant bank. From February 1990 to February 1991, he was a Managing Director of Peers & Co., then a subsidiary of Kemper Securities, Inc., and from June 1988 to February 1990, he served as Executive Vice President, Investment Banking and a member of the Executive Committee of Bateman Eichler, Hill Richards, a subsidiary of Kemper Securities, Inc. Prior to June 1988, Mr. Twill was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Woolcott & Company, an investment banking firm. Prior to this he was the President and Chief Executive Officer of New York Air, Inc. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of H. M. G. Worldwide, Inc., a publicly-traded company engaged in the marketing of in-store point-of-sale systems and displays. Mr. Twill has a bachelor's degree in economics from Seton Hall University. Christian Weyer has been a director of the Company since June 1992. Mr. Weyer has been in the international banking business for over 31 years and since 1985 to present, Mr. Weyer has been President of Enerfin S.A., an international trade and financial advisory firm. From May 1988 to December 1992, Mr. Weyer was a member of senior management at Banque Indosuez in Geneva, Switzerland, with responsibility for matters relating to commercial banking, and from 1971 to 1985 held various senior management positions at Banque Paribas and its affiliates (including President of Banque Paribas (Suisse) in Geneva during 1984). Prior to 1971, Mr. Weyer held senior management positions with Chase Manhattan Bank in Paris, France, and in Geneva, Switzerland. Mr. Weyer is also a director of Cartier - Monde, the holding company for the worldwide Cartier Group of companies, and has held such position for over 18 years. J. Bryan Williams, III has been a director of the Company since November 1991. Mr. Williams has been a senior executive of Mobil Oil Corporation since 1973 and is presently the General Manager of Strategic Business Development and Government Affairs. His responsibilities include the negotiation and administration of Mobil's worldwide crude oil purchase and sales contracts as well as the development of strategic international business ventures for crude oil and refined products. Prior to joining Mobil Oil Corporation, Mr. Williams was an attorney with the law firm of Shearman & Sterling. Mr. Williams has a bachelor's degree in international studies from the University of North Carolina and a juris doctorate degree from New York University School of Law. Employees At February 15, 1997, the Company employed approximately 3,100 employees, over 300 of whom were managers or professionals, approximately 2,400 of whom were hourly paid employees involved in collection, transfer and disposal operations and approximately 400 of whom were sales, clerical, data processing or other administrative employees. Two collective bargaining agreements relating to three separate locations cover 103 employees of the Company. The Company is unable to predict what impact, if any, there would be on its business and operations in the event that in the future a significant number of additional employees were to elect to be unionized. The Company believes that its relations with its employees are good. Environmental Regulations The Company is subject to extensive and evolving environmental laws and regulations that have been enacted in response to technological advances and increased concern over environmental issues. These regulations are administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") and various other federal, state and local environmental, transportation, health and safety agencies. The Company believes that there will continue to be increased regulation, legislation and regulatory enforcement actions related to the solid waste management, collection and disposal industry. In light of these developments, the Company attempts to anticipate future regulatory requirements that might be imposed and plans accordingly to remain in compliance with the regulatory framework. In order to develop and operate a landfill, a composting facility or transfer station, or other solid waste management facility, the Company typically must go through several governmental review processes and obtain one or more permits and often zoning or other land use approvals. These permits and zoning or land use approvals are difficult and time consuming to obtain and are frequently opposed by various local elected officials and citizens' groups. Once obtained, operating permits generally must be periodically renewed and are subject to modification and revocation by the issuing agency. The Company's operation of solid waste management facilities subject it to certain operational, monitoring, site maintenance, closure and post-closure and financial assurance obligations which change from time to time and which could give rise to increased capital expenditures and operating costs. In connection with the Company's acquisition of existing landfills, it is often necessary to expend considerable time, effort and money in complying with the governmental review and permitting process necessary to maintain or increase the capacity of these landfills. Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these laws and regulations and to obtain injunctions or impose civil or criminal penalties in the case of violations. During the ordinary course of its operations, the Company has from time to time received citations or notices from such authorities that its operations are not in compliance with certain applicable environmental laws and regulations. Upon receipt of such citations or notices, the Company generally works with the authorities in an attempt to resolve the issues raised by such citations or notices. Failure to correct the problems to the satisfaction of the authorities could lead to fines, curtailed operations, remedial obligations or closure of a landfill. In order to transport solid waste, it is generally necessary for the Company to possess one or more permits and approvals from state or local agencies. These permits must also be periodically renewed and are subject to modification and revocation by the issuing agency. In addition, the Company's waste transportation operations are subject to evolving and expanding laws and regulations that impose operational, monitoring, training and safety requirements. The principal federal, state and local statutes and regulations applicable to the Company's operations are as follows: The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 ("RCRA"). RCRA regulates the generation, treatment, storage, handling, transportation and disposal of solid waste and requires states to develop programs to insure the safe disposal of solid waste. RCRA divides solid waste into two groups, hazardous and nonhazardous. Wastes are generally classified as hazardous wastes if they (i) either (a) are specifically included on a list of hazardous wastes or (b) exhibit certain hazardous characteristics and (ii) are not specifically designated as nonhazardous. Wastes classified as hazardous under RCRA are subject to much stricter regulation than wastes classified as nonhazardous. Among the wastes that are specifically designated as nonhazardous waste are household waste and special waste. These wastes, which will be accepted at the Company's landfills, may contain substances that may be as toxic or prone to cause contamination as some wastes classified and regulated as hazardous. In October 1991, the EPA adopted new regulations pursuant to Subtitle D of RCRA (the "Subtitle D Regulations"). These new regulations became generally effective in October 1993 (except for new financial assurance requirements which are scheduled to become effective April 9, 1997) and include location restrictions, siting criteria, facility design standards, operating criteria, closure and extended post-closure requirements, financial assurance requirements, groundwater monitoring requirements, groundwater remediation standards and corrective action requirements. In addition, these new regulations require that new landfill units meet more stringent liner design criteria (typically, composite soil and synthetic liners or two or more synthetic liners) designed to keep leachate out of groundwater and have extensive collection systems to carry away leachate for treatment prior to disposal. Groundwater wells must also be installed at virtually all landfills to monitor groundwater quality. The regulations also require, where threshold test levels are present, that methane gas generated at landfills be controlled in a manner that will protect human health and the environment. Each state is required to revise its landfill regulations to meet these requirements or such requirements will be automatically imposed upon it by the EPA. Each state is also required to adopt and implement a permit program or other appropriate system to ensure that landfills within the state comply with the Subtitle D criteria. Many states have already adopted regulations or programs as stringent as or more stringent than the Subtitle D Regulations, which were first proposed in August 1988. All states in which the Company operates landfills have adopted the required programs, have submitted them to the EPA for approval and have received full or partial EPA approval for their programs (except for Iowa which was notified that its proposed program was incomplete and must be resubmitted). The EPA has notified Iowa that its proposed program was incomplete and must be resubmitted. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (the "Clean Water Act"). The Clean Water Act establishes rules regulating the discharge of pollutants from a variety of sources, including solid waste disposal sites, into waters of the United States. If runoff or collected leachate from the Company's landfills is discharged into a water of the United States, the Clean Water Act would require the Company to apply for and obtain a discharge permit, conduct sampling and monitoring and, under certain circumstances, reduce the pollutants in such discharge. Also, virtually all landfills are required to comply with the new federal storm water regulations, which are designed to prevent possibly contaminated storm water from flowing into surface waters. These regulations required that applications for stormwater discharge permits be submitted by October 1992. The Company is working with the appropriate regulatory agencies to ensure that its facilities are in compliance with Clean Water Act requirements, particularly as they apply to treatment and discharge of leachate and storm water. The Company has secured or has applied for the required discharge permits under the Clean Water Act or comparable state-delegated programs. In those instances where the Company's applications for discharge permits are pending and a final discharge permit has not been issued, the Company believes that it is substantially in compliance with applicable substantive standards set by the respective states in administering the Clean Water Act. To ensure compliance with the Clean Water Act pretreatment and discharge requirements, the Company has either installed wastewater treatment systems at its facilities to treat its effluent to acceptable levels before discharge or has arranged (or is arranging) to discharge its effluent to municipal wastewater treatment facilities. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ("Superfund" or "CERCLA"). CERCLA established a regulatory and remedial program intended to provide for the investigation and cleanup of facilities from which there has been, or is threatened, a release of any hazardous substance into the environment. CERCLA's primary mechanism for remedying such problems is to impose strict joint and several liability for cleanup of facilities on current owners and operators of the site, former owners and operators of the site at the time of the disposal of the hazardous substances, as well as the generators of the hazardous substances and the transporters who arranged for disposal or transportation of the hazardous substances. The costs of CERCLA investigation and cleanup can be very substantial. Liability under CERCLA does not depend upon the existence or disposal of "hazardous waste" but can also be founded upon the existence of even very small amounts of many hundreds of "hazardous substances" listed by the EPA, many of which can be found in household waste. If the Company were to be found to be a responsible party for a CERCLA cleanup, the enforcing agency could hold the Company completely responsible for all investigative and remedial costs even if others may also be liable. CERCLA also authorized the imposition of a lien in favor of the United States upon all real property subject to or affected by a remedial action for all costs for which a party is liable. The Company's ability to obtain reimbursement from others for their allocable share of such costs would be limited by the Company's ability to find other responsible parties and prove the extent of their responsibility and by the financial resources of such other parties. In the past, legislation has been introduced in Congress to limit the liability of municipalities and others under CERCLA as generators and transporters of municipal solid waste. Although such legislation has not been enacted, if it were to pass it would limit the Company's ability to seek full contribution from municipalities for CERCLA cleanup costs even if the hazardous substances that were released and caused the need for cleanup at one of the Company's facilities were generated by or transported to the facility by a municipality. Continued funding for implementation of RCRA, the Clean Water Act and CERCLA is scheduled for reauthorization action in Congress in 1997. Depending upon whether and how Congress acts, it is possible that each of these laws may be changed in ways that may significantly affect the Company's business. The Company is closely monitoring the Congressional activities in those areas that may impact its business. The Clean Air Act. The Clean Air Act provides for regulation, through state implementation of federal requirements, of the emission of air pollutants from certain landfills based upon the date of the landfill construction and volume per year of emissions of regulated pollutants. The EPA has recently promulgated new source performance standards regulating air emissions of certain regulated pollutants (methane and non-methane organic compounds) from municipal solid waste landfills. The EPA has also issued regulations controlling the emissions of particular regulated air pollutants from existing municipal solid waste landfills. Landfills located in areas designated as having air pollution problems may be subject to even more extensive air pollution controls and emission limitations. In addition, the EPA has issued standards regulating the disposal of asbestos-containing materials. Each of the federal statutes described above contains provisions authorizing, under certain circumstances, the bringing of lawsuits by private citizens to enforce the provisions of the statutes. The Hazardous Materials Transportation Act. The transportation of hazardous waste is regulated both by the EPA pursuant to RCRA and by the federal Department of Transportation ("DOT") pursuant to the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act ("HMTA"). These regulations are applicable to the limited hazardous waste transportation services offered by one of the Company's subsidiaries. See "Business -- Operations -- Other Services." Pursuant to the HMTA, the DOT has enacted regulations governing the transport of hazardous waste. These regulations govern, among other things, packaging of the hazardous waste during transport, labeling and marking requirements, and reporting of and response to spills of hazardous waste during transport. In addition, under both the HMTA and RCRA, transporters of hazardous waste must comply with manifest and record keeping requirements, which are designed to ensure that a shipment of hazardous waste is properly identified and can be tracked from its point of generation to point of disposal at a permitted hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal facility. The Occupation Safety and Health Act of 1970 ("OSHA"). OSHA establishes employer responsibilities for worker health and safety and authorizes the promulgation by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of occupation health and safety standards, including the obligation to maintain a workplace free of recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious injury, to comply with adopted worker protection standards, to maintain certain records, to provide workers with required disclosure and to implement certain health and safety training programs. Various of those promulgated standards may apply to the Company's operations, including those standards concerning notices or hazards, safety in excavation and demolition work, the handling of asbestos and asbestos-containing materials, and worker training and emergency response programs. The Company's employees are trained to respond appropriately in the event there is an accidental spill or release of packaged asbestos-containing materials or other regulated substances during transportation or landfill disposal. State and Local Regulation. Each state in which the Company now operates or may operate in the future has laws and regulations governing the generation, storage, treatment, handling, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous waste, water and air pollution and, in most cases, the siting, design, operation, maintenance, closure and post-closure maintenance of landfills and transfer stations. In addition, many states have adopted "Superfund" statutes comparable to, and in some cases more stringent than, CERCLA. These statutes impose requirements for investigation and cleanup of contaminated sites and liability for costs and damages associated with such sites, and some provide for the imposition of liens on property owned by responsible parties. Furthermore, many municipalities also have ordinances, local laws and regulations affecting Company operations. These include zoning and health measures that limit solid waste management activities to specified sites or activities, flow control provisions that direct the delivery of solid wastes to specific facilities, laws that grant the right to establish franchises for collection services and then put out for bid the right to provide collection services, and bans or other restrictions on the movement of solid wastes into a municipality. Certain permits and approvals may limit the types of waste that may be accepted at a landfill or the quantity of waste that may be accepted at a landfill during a given time period. In addition, certain permits and approvals, as well as certain state and local regulations, may limit a landfill to accepting waste that originates from specified geographic areas or seek to restrict the importation of out-of-state waste or otherwise discriminate against out-of-state waste. Generally, restrictions on the importation of out-of-state waste have not withstood judicial challenge. However, from time to time federal legislation is proposed which would allow individual states to prohibit the disposal of out-of-state waste or to limit the amount of out-of-state waste that could be imported for disposal and would require states, under certain circumstances, to reduce the amounts of waste exported to other states. Although, such legislation has not yet been passed by Congress, if this or similar legislation is enacted, states in which the Company operates landfills could act to limit or prohibit the importation of out-of-state waste. Such state actions could adversely affect landfills within those states that receive a significant portion of waste originating from out-of-state. In addition, certain states and localities may for economic or other reasons restrict the exportation of waste from their jurisdiction or require that a specified amount of waste be disposed of at facilities within their jurisdiction. In 1994, the United States Supreme Court held unconstitutional, and therefore invalid, a local ordinance that sought to impose flow controls on taking waste out of the locality. However, certain state and local jurisdictions continue to seek to enforce such restrictions through legislation or contractually and, in certain cases, the Company may elect not to challenge such restrictions based upon various considerations. In addition, the aforementioned federal legislation that has from time to time been proposed could allow states and localities to impose certain flow control restrictions. These restrictions could result in the volume of waste going to landfills being reduced in certain areas, which may adversely affect the Company's ability to operate its landfills at their capacity and/or affect the prices that can be charged for landfill disposal services. These restrictions may also result in higher disposal costs for the Company's collection operations. If the Company were unable to pass such higher costs through to its customers, the Company results of operations could be adversely affected. The permits or other land use approvals with respect to a landfill, as well as state or local laws and regulations, may (i) limit a landfill to accepting waste that originates from a specified geographic area and/or (ii) specify the quantity of waste that may be accepted at the landfill during a given time period and/or (iii) specify the types of waste that may be accepted at the landfill. Additional Information. There has been an increasing trend at the state and local level to mandate and encourage waste reduction at the source and waste recycling and to prohibit or restrict the disposal of certain types of solid wastes, such as yard wastes and tires, in landfills. The enactment of regulations reducing the volume and types of wastes available for transport to and disposal in landfills could affect the Company's ability to operate its facilities at their full capacity. In the past, operations conducted on a portion of the property owned by the Company at its Northern A-1 facility involved the storage of brine. It is possible, although no direct evidence exists, that such operations could have contributed to existing regional brine contamination of the shallow groundwater, which is the basis for the 1985 inclusion of the regional area on the state's list of areas which require further investigation and possible remedial activities. The Company is not aware of any pending regulatory actions concerning this contamination, or whether it has any potential liability therefor. The Company believes that an area of its Kelly Run landfill in Pennsylvania which is no longer used for disposal may be the source of contamination in the groundwater underlying the landfill. To address this contamination, a groundwater evaluation and abatement plan designed to control and remediate the contamination from that area has been implemented and has been approved by the State Regulatory Agency. Although this plan and additional requirements concerning the Kelly Run landfill have been incorporated into a March 1996 Consent Decree (which has received court approval) between the Company and the State Regulatory Agency, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully implement such Consent Decree or that additional requirements relating to this matter will not be imposed in the future. The Company recently received from the State Regulatory Agency in Pennsylvania a permit for development of an approximately 48 acre expansion area at its Kelly Run landfill. The Company intends to use this area to replace the existing capacity which will be exhausted in mid-1997. The issuance of this permit was recently appealed by certain parties on the grounds that the criteria for the permit issuance was not satisfied. The Company will vigorously contest this appeal, although there can be no assurance on the final outcome. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (the "MDEP") imposed a moratorium in late 1995 on the review of applications for landfill construction and expansion and has proposed new, more stringent criteria to govern such permit issuances after the moratorium is lifted. The MDEP has indicated that the moratorium may be lifted in 1998, although there can be no assurance of this. The Company is engaged in discussions with the MDEP regarding the moratorium, which if continued to be applied would delay regulatory review of the Company's permit applications for new cell construction required at its Barre and Holyoke landfills to replace the existing cells which might otherwise be exhausted in 1998. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining and maintaining in effect the permits and approvals required for the successful operation and growth of its business, including permits and approvals required for the development of additional disposal capacity needed to replace existing capacity that is exhausted. The failure by the Company to obtain or maintain in effect a permit or agreement significant to its business could adversely affect the Company's business and financial condition. See "Business-Factors that May Influence Future Results and Accuracy of Forward-Looking Statements." Factors that May Influence Future Results and Accuracy of Forward-Looking Statements The Company, in an effort to help keep its stockholders and the public informed about the Company's operations, may from time to time issue certain statements, either in writing or orally, that contain or may contain forward-looking information. However, actual results may differ materially from the Company's expectations, statements or projections. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from the Company's expectations, statements or projections include the risks and uncertainties relating to the Company's business described below. Economic Conditions: The Company's business is affected by general economic conditions. There can be no assurance that an economic downturn will not result in a reduction in the volume of waste being disposed of at the Company's operations and/or the price that the Company can charge for its services. Weather Conditions: Protracted periods of inclement weather may adversely affect the Company's operations by interfering with collection and landfill operations, delaying the development of landfill capacity and/or reducing the volume of waste generated by the Company's customers. In addition, particularly harsh weather conditions may result in the temporary suspension of certain of the Company's operations. Competition: The solid waste collection and disposal business is highly competitive and requires substantial amounts of capital. The Company competes with numerous waste management companies, a number of which have significantly larger operations and greater resources than the Company. The Company also competes with those counties and municipalities that maintain their own waste collection and disposal operations. The counties and municipalities may have financial advantages due to the availability of tax revenues and tax exempt financings. In addition, competitors may reduce the price of their services in an effort to expand market share or to win competitively bid municipal contracts. Ongoing Capital Requirements: To the extent that cash on hand, internally generated cash and cash available under the Company's existing revolving credit facility are not sufficient to provide the cash required for future operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt repayment obligations and/or financial assurance obligations, the Company will require additional equity and/or debt financing in order to provide such cash. There can be no assurance, however, that such financing will be available or, if available, will be available on terms satisfactory to the Company. The Company intends to pay for future acquisitions using cash, capital stock, assumption of indebtedness and/or notes, although there can be no assurance that the owners of the businesses that the Company may wish to acquire will be willing to accept non-cash consideration in whole or in part. Dependence on Senior Management: The Company is highly dependent upon its senior management team. The loss of the services of any member of senior management may have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company does not maintain "key man" life insurance with respect to members of senior management. Environmental and Land Use Matters: The Company is subject to extensive and evolving environmental and land use laws and regulations, which have become increasingly stringent as a result of greater public interest in protecting the environment. These laws and regulations affect the Company's business in many ways, including those set forth below. See "Business Environmental Regulations" for further information concerning the matters set forth below. In connection with most of its operations, the Company is required to obtain and/or maintain in effect various permits and other governmental approvals, including approvals relating to zoning, land use and environmental matters. In addition, the Company may be required to obtain similar permits and approvals in order to expand its existing operations. These permits and approvals are difficult, time consuming and costly to obtain and maintain in effect and are frequently subject to community opposition, opposition by various local elected officials or citizens and other uncertainties. In addition, once obtained, these permits and approvals may be subject to modification, renewal or revocation by the issuing agency. Moreover, from time to time, regulatory agencies may delay the review or grant of these required permits or approvals or may modify the procedures or increase the stringency of the standards applicable to its review or grant of such permits or approvals. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining and maintaining in effect the permits and approvals required for the successful operation and growth of its business (including permits and approvals required to develop timely additional disposal capacity to replace capacity that is exhausted). The failure by the Company to obtain or maintain in effect a permit significant to its business could adversely affect the Company's business and financial condition. The Company's operations are subject to and substantially affected by extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations, which govern environmental, permitting, zoning, land use, health, safety and other matters. Compliance with these laws and regulations require significant expenditures, and future changes in these laws and regulations may materially increase the amount of such required expenditures. In addition, such laws and regulations may impose restrictions on operations that could adversely affect the Company, such as limitations on the expansion of disposal facilities or limitations on, or the banning of, waste from out-of-state or locality or certain categories of wastes. There may be various adverse consequences to the Company in the event that the Company fails to comply with applicable laws, regulations or permits, in the event that a facility owned or operated by the Company causes environmental damage or in the event that waste transported by the Company causes environmental damage at another site. Under certain circumstance, the Company, as a successor owner, may also be responsible for any such failure by a predecessor owner and/or for damage caused by a predecessor owner. These adverse consequences may include substantial monetary penalties; the need to undertake investigatory or remedial activities; the need to curtail or terminate the operations involved or affected; the revocation or denial of permits or other approvals; the imposition of liability on the Company in respect of any environmental damage at its landfill sites or caused by its landfills or other facilities or environmental damage at other sites associated with waste transported by the Company; and criminal liability for the Company or its employees. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect the Company's business and financial condition. Limits on Insurance Coverage: As described under "Business-Liability Insurance and Bonding," the Company's insurance for environmental liability is very limited because the Company believes that the cost for such insurance is high relative to the coverage it would provide. Due to the limited nature of the Company's insurance coverage for environmental liability, if the Company were to incur liability for environmental damage, its business and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Alternatives to Landfill Disposal: Alternatives to landfill disposal, such as recycling and composting, are increasingly being used. In addition, in certain of the Company's markets incineration is an alternative to landfill disposal. There also has been an increasing trend at the state and local levels to mandate recycling and waste reduction at the source and to prohibit the disposal of certain type of wastes, such as yard wastes, at landfills. These developments may result in the volume of waste going to landfills being reduced in certain areas, which may affect the Company's ability to operate its landfills at their full capacity and/or affect the prices that can be charged for landfill disposal services. Commodity Risk Upon Resale of Recyclables: A portion of the Company's revenues from waste reuse and reduction programs is derived from the sale of recyclable waste products. The resale prices of, and demand for, recyclable waste products can vary significantly and are subject to changing market conditions. Accordingly, the Company's revenues from such sales may materially vary from period to period. Capitalized Expenditures: In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the Company capitalizes certain expenditures and advances relating to its acquisitions, pending acquisitions and landfill development and expansion projects. Indirect acquisition costs, such as executive salaries, general corporate overhead, public affairs and other corporate services, are expensed as incurred. The Company's policy is to charge against earnings any unamortized capitalized expenditures and advances (net of any portion thereof that the Company estimates will be recoverable, through sale or otherwise) relating to any operation that is permanently shut down, any pending acquisition that is not consummated, and any landfill development or expansion project that is not successfully completed. There can be no assurance that the Company in future periods will not be required to incur a charge against earnings in accordance with such policy, which charge, depending upon the magnitude thereof, could adversely affect the Company's results of operations. Risks Associated with Acquisitions: In connection with any acquisition made by the Company, there may be liabilities that the Company fails or is unable to discover, including liabilities arising from environmental contamination or non-compliance by prior owners with environmental laws or regulatory requirements, and for which the Company, as a successor owner, may be responsible. As the Company completes acquisitions in a region, it seeks to achieve synergies and efficiencies through the integration of newly acquired and existing operations in the region. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be successful in this regard or that such efforts may not in certain circumstances adversely affect its existing operations. Availability of Acquisition Targets: The Company's ongoing acquisition program is a key element of its strategy for expanding as an integrated provider of nonhazardous solid waste management services. Consequently, the future growth of the Company depends in large part upon the successful continuation of this program. The Company, however, in some cases may encounter substantial competition in its efforts to acquire landfills and collection operations and there can be no assurance that the Company will succeed in locating appropriate acquisition candidates that can be acquired at price levels that the Company considers appropriate. Financial Assurance Obligation: The Company is usually required to post a performance bond or a bank letter of credit or to provide other forms of financial assurance in connection with municipal residential collection contracts and the operation, closure and post-closure of landfills. If the Company were unable to obtain surety bonds or letter of credit in sufficient amounts or at reasonable rates, or to provide other required forms of financial assurance, it might be precluded from entering into additional municipal collection contracts or obtaining or retaining required landfill permits and approvals. Item 2. Properties The principal fixed assets used by the Company in connection with its landfill operations are its landfills which are described under Item 1 - "Business - Operations - Landfills." The landfill operations currently owned by the Company are situated on sites owned by the Company, with four exceptions. The Company's landfill site in Fitchburg, Massachusetts is partially leased (approximately 35 acres) under a lease scheduled to expire in 2017; its landfill site in Granby, Massachusetts is partially leased (approximately 41 acres) under a lease schedule to expire in 2002; its landfill site in Chicopee, Massachusetts is partially leased (approximately 101 acres) under a lease scheduled to expire in 2013; and its landfill site in Manistee, Michigan is partially leased (approximately 40 acres) under an open ended lease. The principal fixed assets used by the Company in its collection operations and waste reuse and reduction programs are approximately 670 acres of land used for composting and for transfer stations and other facilities related to collection operations (of which approximately 563 acres are owned and 107 acres are leased); and approximately 240 heavy equipment and machinery units, 561,000 collection containers and approximately 2,700 trucks and trailers (some of which are owned and some of which are leased). The Company's corporate headquarters are located in Greenwich, Connecticut, where it leases approximately 15,300 square feet of space. Item 3. Legal Proceedings On January 9, 1996, the Junker Landfill Trust sued the Company, Junker Sanitation Services, Inc., and United Waste Transfer, Inc., both of which are subsidiaries of the Company, and approximately 800 other parties in the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin, Case No. 96C-19S, for contribution under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), as well as state common law, with respect to the Junker Landfill site in Hudson, Wisconsin. By order entered July 19, 1996, the court approved a consent decree which was signed by the Company and others with respect to this site. The Company's obligations under the consent decree are secured by, and limited to, certain indemnification rights which the Company has against the former owner of Junker Sanitation Services, Inc. A Settlement Agreement has been reached with the Plaintiff which involves no payment obligation on the part of Junker Sanitation Services, Inc., United Waste Systems, Inc., or United Waste Transfer, Inc. The settlement will become complete when the Court approves a second consent decree, which approval is expected at a hearing scheduled for April 29, 1997. On May 26, 1995, the Company sued Robert Foley and Matthew Parzych in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut, Case No. 3:95-CV-985. The defendants sold stock in certain Massachusetts corporations to the Company under an agreement dated April 1, 1992 (the "1992 agreement"). In the suit the Company seeks approximately $1,115,000 in cash and securities from an escrow account and additional amounts from defendants by reason of indemnity provisions contained in the 1992 agreement and confirmed in an agreement dated January 28, 1994 (the "1994 agreement"). The defendants have counterclaimed against the Company and its chief executive officer, seeking to invalidate the 1994 agreement primarily for alleged lack of consideration and economic duress, and to receive alleged damages and costs. The counterclaims for damages are primarily for alleged misrepresentations by the Company in connection with the 1992 agreement, and were asserted by defendants notwithstanding provisions in the 1994 agreement which generally released the Company from all claims. The Company intends to vigorously pursue its claims in this action and to seek dismissal of the counterclaims. In June 1996, Dale Lynch, Dennis Lynch and D.L. Lynch sued the Company, its chief executive officer and a subsidiary of the Company in the Circuit Court of Whitley County, Kentucky (Index No. 96 CI 00355). The subsidiary purchased the Tri-County landfill from the plaintiffs in 1991. The suit primarily seeks compensatory and punitive damages for alleged breach of contract and for allegedly fraudulent representations in connection with this purchase. The Company has filed a Counterclaim for breach of warranties and fraud. The Company has also sought indemnification for breach of warranties. In January 1997, the plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint which seeks relief similar to that of their original Complaint. The Company intends to file a Motion to Dismiss seven of the eight counts in the Complaint, including the fraud count. The Company has served discovery requests and deposition notices on plaintiffs and intends to vigorously defend against plaintiffs' claims and prosecute its Counterclaim. In the opinion of management, this suit should not materially affect the financial position of the Company. In July 1996 the Company filed suit against H.A.M. Sanitary Landfill, Inc. and its shareholders. The suit is now pending in the Circuit Court for Monroe County, West Virginia, Civil Action No. 96-C-51. The Company, among other things, seeks to recover $1.8 million in advances which the Company made in connection with an agreement, since terminated, to purchase the H.A.M. Sanitary Landfill in West Virginia from the defendants, and to recover certain personal property. The defendants in September 1996 filed a counterclaim against the Company and a subsidiary which seeks compensatory and punitive damages for claims of alleged breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty under an alleged joint venture, unjust enrichment and fraud. The Company will vigorously prosecute its claim and defend against the counterclaim. In the opinion of management, the counterclaim should not materially affect the financial position of the Company. Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report, no matter was submitted to a vote of security holders. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters Market for Common Stock and Dividends The Common Stock of the Company trades on the Nasdaq National Market tier of the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol UWST. The table below sets forth the high and low reported sales prices of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market for the periods indicated. High Low Quarter ended December 31, 1996 $38 3/4 $28 3/4 Quarter ended September 30, 1996 35 1/2 23 3/4 Quarter ended June 30, 1996 32 1/4 24 1/4 Quarter ended March 31, 1996 25 3/4 17 7/8 Quarter ended December 31, 1995 21 5/8 18 Quarter ended September 30, 1995 21 7/8 17 1/4 Quarter ended June 30, 1995 18 13 5/8 Quarter ended March 31, 1995 15 11 1/2 No cash dividends have been paid to date by the Company on its Common Stock. The Company intends to retain all earnings for the foreseeable future for use in the operation and expansion of its business and, accordingly, the Company currently has no plans to pay dividends on its Common Stock. The payment of any future dividends will be determined by the Board of Directors in light of conditions then existing, including the Company's earnings, financial condition and requirements, restrictions in financing agreements, business conditions and other factors. Under the terms of the Company's revolving credit facility, the Company at present is prohibited from paying cash dividends on its Common Stock. See Item 7 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources" and Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included elsewhere herein. On March 12, 1997, there were approximately 150 holders of record of the Company's Common Stock. The Company estimates that the number of beneficial holders of its Common Stock is in excess of 6,600. Sale of Unregistered Securities Set forth below is certain information concerning sales by the Company of unregistered securities during 1996. The issuances by the Company of the securities sold in the transactions referenced below were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, pursuant to the exemption contemplated by Section 4(2) thereof for transactions not involving a public offering. Shares Month Issued January 28,298 June 730,765 September 579,857 December 260,076 Total 1,598,996 The above issued shares of the Company's Common Stock were issued to acquire two landfills, four landfill operating contracts, four transfer stations and eight collection companies and certain related assets. Item 6. Selected Financial Data The table below presents selected financial data for the Company. This data should be read in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and Item 7 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere herein. During the periods presented below, the Company completed certain acquisitions that were accounted for as poolings-of-interests and certain that were accounted for as purchases. The selected financial data presented below has been restated for all periods presented to include the accounts of the businesses acquired in transactions accounted for as poolings-of-interests (excluding certain of such transactions that were not material) as if the Company and these businesses had always been in the same operating group. The accounts of businesses acquired in transactions accounted for as purchases are included from their respective purchase dates. In view of the fact that the Company's operating results for the periods presented below were impacted by acquisitions that were accounted for as purchases, the Company believes that its results of operations are not directly comparable. See Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included elsewhere herein. All share and per share data in this Item 6 has been adjusted to reflect a two-for-one stock split in the form of a 100% stock dividend that became effective in June 1996. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. Consolidated Five-year Summary of Selected Financial Data (In thousands, except per share data)
Year ended December 31, 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 (unaudited)(4) Income Statement Data: Revenues $ 335,743 $ 228,377 $ 146,043 $ 109,006 $ 56,771 Cost of operations 206,786 140,814 88,612 68,200 37,077 Selling, general and administrative expense 53,107 34,841 22,527 20,440 14,276 Income from operations 75,850 52,722 34,904 20,366 5,418 Interest expense 14,950 10,061 6,424 4,705 3,028 Other expense(income), net 251 (948) (474) (825) (796) Income before provision for pro forma income taxes (1) 60,649 43,609 28,954 16,486 3,186 Provision for pro forma income taxes (1) 25,619 16,779 10,009 4,921 2,068 Pro forma net income 35,030 26,830 18,945 11,565 1,118 Net deductions from pro forma income available to common stockholders (2) -- 373 1,275 1,655 2,529
UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. Consolidated Five-year Summary of Selected Financial Data - Cont'd (In thousands, except per share data)
Year ended December 31, 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 (unaudited)(4) Pro forma income (loss) available to common stockholders $ 35,030 $ 26,457 $ 17,670 $ 9,910 $ (1,411) Pro forma primary earnings (loss) per common and common equivalent share (3) $ .88 $ .77 $ .68 $ .49 $ (.14) Pro forma fully diluted earnings (loss)per common and common equivalent share (3) $ .87 $ .77 $ .65 $ .48 $ (.14) Cash dividends on common stock -- -- -- -- --
UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. Consolidated Five-year Summary of Selected Financial Data - Cont'd (In thousands, except per share data)
December 31, 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 (unaudited)(4) (unaudited)(4) Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,568 $ 6,722 $ 2,600 $ 1,777 $ 12,767 Working capital (deficiency) 11,821 (3,975) (8,070) (8,240) (919) Total assets 801,042 540,568 254,855 188,978 130,967 Long-term debt, less current portion 302,704 156,194 50,936 41,122 17,874 Obligations under capital leases, long-term 373 4,688 1,732 2,848 2,131 Nonrecourse revenue bonds, less current portion 8,900 9,400 9,700 10,000 10,000 Accrued landfill costs, less current portion 44,879 27,664 15,889 11,123 9,678 Redeemable preferred stock -- -- -- -- 192
(Footnotes on following page) (1) Certain of the companies that the Company acquired in transactions accounted for as pooling-of-interests were Subchapter S Corporations or partnerships prior to being acquired. See Notes 3 and 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included elsewhere herein. In general, the income or loss of a Subchapter S Corporation or partnership is passed through to its owners rather than being subjected to taxes at the entity level. Pro forma net income or loss reflects a provision for income taxes on a pro forma basis for all periods presented as if all such companies were liable for federal and state income taxes as taxable corporate entities for all periods presented. (2) Reflects deductions for dividends on and accretions of preferred stock and certain interest expense adjustments related to use of the treasury stock method of calculating earnings per share. (3) Pro forma primary earnings (loss) per common and common equivalent share for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993 and 1992 are computed based upon weighted average equivalent shares outstanding of 39,943,715, 34,693,501, 26,076,421, 20,108,379, and 10,255,681, respectively. Pro forma fully diluted earnings (loss) per common and common equivalent share for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993, and 1992 are based upon weighted average equivalent shares outstanding of 42,913,825, 34,898,801, 29,153,689, 20,840,881, and, 10,255,681, respectively. (4) The Company's financial statements were restated to reflect the June 28, 1996 merger with the Salinas Companies, which was accounted for as a pooling-of-interests. See Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included elsewhere herein. The income statements of the Salinas Companies included in such financial statements were not audited for years prior to 1993 and the balance sheets of the Salinas Companies included in such statements were not audited for years prior to December 31, 1994. Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion reviews the Company's operations for the three years ended December 31, 1996 and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto of the Company included elsewhere herein. The following discussion includes statements that are forward-looking in nature. These statements are generally identified by the inclusion of phrases such as "the Company expects," "the Company anticipates," "the Company believes," "the Company estimates" and other phrases of similar meaning. Whether such statements ultimately prove to be accurate depends upon a variety of factors that may affect the business and operations of the Company. Certain of these factors are discussed under Item 1 - -" Business - Factors that May Influence Future Results and Accuracy of Forward-Looking Statements." Introduction The Company was formed in July 1989 to acquire and operate businesses in the nonhazardous solid waste services industry. Since its formation, the Company has completed over 170 acquisitions, including 90 completed during 1996 and through March 25, 1997. The focus of the Company's acquisition program at present is to capitalize on opportunities around its existing operating regions that will create synergies and efficiencies, as well as to selectively enter several new regions annually. The Company may also selectively consider acquisition or consolidation opportunities involving other public companies or large privately-held companies. The acquisitions completed by the Company during the periods discussed below include seven that were accounted for as a pooling-of-interests. (For information concerning such acquisitions and the restatement of the Company's financial statements in connection with certain such acquisitions, see Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included elsewhere herein). The other acquisitions completed during such periods were accounted for as purchases. The results of the businesses acquired in acquisitions accounted for as purchases are included in the Company's financial statements only from their respective dates of acquisition. In view of the fact that the Company's operating results for the periods presented below were impacted by acquisitions, the Company believes that the results of its operations for such periods are not directly comparable. General The Company's revenues have been primarily attributable to (i) collection revenues and (ii) fees (commonly referred to as "tipping fees") charged to dispose of waste at the Company's landfills. The table below shows for the periods indicated the percentage of the Company's total revenues attributable to various sources. Year ended December 31 1996 1995 1994 Landfill operations(1) 30% 31% 33% Collection operations(2) 65 61 58 Waste reuse and reduction programs(3) 2 5 4 Other services 3 3 5 Total 100% 100% 100% _________________ (1) Revenues from landfill operations primarily represent fees charged to dispose of waste at the Company's landfills (including fees charged to the Company's collection operations) and fees collected under landfill operating contracts. (2) Excludes the portion of collection revenues attributable to disposal charges for solid waste collected by the Company and disposed of at the Company's landfills. (3) See Item 1 - "Business - Operations - Waste Reuse and Reduction Programs" for a description of the Company's waste reuse and reduction programs. In certain instances, the amount of revenues that a newly acquired business contributes to the Company's revenues may be significantly less than the revenues that such business had prior to being acquired due to the elimination of intercompany revenues resulting from consolidation with the Company. A portion of the Company's revenues from waste reuse and reduction programs is derived from the sale of recyclable waste products. The resale prices of, and demand for, recyclable waste products can vary significantly and be subject to changing market conditions. Accordingly, the Company's revenues from such sales may materially vary from period to period. Landfill cost of operations includes primarily direct and indirect labor, the legal and administrative cost of ongoing environmental compliance, certain landfill taxes, franchise fees or host community fees, rental payments under leases with respect to landfill sites that are not owned, landfill site maintenance, depreciation and amortization expense, and accruals for closure and post-closure expenses anticipated to be incurred in the future. Certain direct landfill development costs, such as engineering, upgrading, construction and permitting costs paid to outside parties in respect of permits acquired or in the process of being acquired, are capitalized and amortized based on consumed airspace. All indirect landfill development costs, such as executive salaries, general corporate overhead, public affairs and other corporate services, are expensed as incurred. The Company believes that the costs associated with the engineering, ownership and operation of landfills will increase in the future as a result of increasing federal, state and local regulation and a growing community awareness of the landfill permitting process. Collection cost of operations includes primarily direct and indirect labor, insurance, fuel, equipment maintenance costs, tipping fees paid to third party landfills and, with respect to the Company's asbestos collection operations, transportation costs. Selling, general and administrative expense ("SG&A") includes primarily management salaries, clerical and administrative overhead, costs associated with the Company's commercial and industrial sales force and community relations expenses. SG&A also includes expenses associated with completing acquisitions that are accounted for as pooling-of-interests, since such expenses are not capitalized. The Company capitalizes engineering, legal, accounting and other direct costs that are incurred in connection with potential acquisitions. The Company, however, routinely evaluates such capitalized costs and charges to expense those relating to abandoned acquisitions. Indirect acquisition costs, such as executive salaries, general corporate overhead, public affairs and other corporate services, are expensed as incurred. The Company estimates landfill closure and post-closure reserves based on an analysis of the requirements of the Subtitle D Regulations and state laws and regulations. Since the annual charge for each landfill is determined based upon the total estimated unaccrued landfill closure and post-closure costs and the estimated portion of remaining airspace filled during the year, the provision may vary from period to period, as the volume of waste disposed of in the landfill increases or decreases, expansions and new permits change the life of the landfill and other circumstances require management to reevaluate and to change such estimates. The Company estimates that the aggregate liability for the closure and post-closure costs of the facilities that it currently owns will be approximately $66.6 million. At December 31, 1996, reserves for landfill closure and post-closure costs (including reserves assumed through acquisitions) were approximately $49.5 million, and the balance will be accrued over the remaining operating life of the landfills. See Notes 2 and 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included elsewhere herein. Results of Operations Three years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 Revenues. Revenues for 1996 were $335.7 million, representing an increase of 47.0% over revenues for 1995 of $228.4 million. Of this increase, approximately 38 percentage points was attributable to revenues acquired through acquisitions (net of revenue decreases resulting from businesses disposed of in 1996). Such revenues include revenues from (i) the businesses acquired by the Company subsequent to December 31, 1995 and (ii) businesses that were acquired throughout 1995 and thus were included in the Company's 1995 results for only a portion of the year and in the Company's 1996 results for a full year. The balance of this increase was due to an increase in 1996 in volume of waste received by the Company's operations that were owned by the Company throughout both periods (approximately 5 percentage points) and in prices charged for services (approximately 4 percentage points). Revenues for 1995 were $228.4 million, representing an increase of 56.4% over revenues for 1994 of $146.0 million. Of this increase, approximately 48 percentage points was due to revenues attributable to (i) the businesses acquired by the Company subsequent to December 31, 1994 and (ii) businesses that were acquired throughout 1994 and thus were included in the Company's 1994 results for only a portion of the year and in the Company's 1995 results for a full year. The balance of this increase was due to an increase in 1995 in volume of waste received by the Company's operations that were owned by the Company throughout both periods (approximately 4 percentage points) and in prices charged for services (approximately 4 percentage points). Cost of Operations. In both 1996 and 1995, gross margin benefitted from the fact that the revenue growth attributable to the price and volume increases discussed above was achieved without a commensurate increase in costs. However, in both such years, collection revenues (which generally have lower margins than landfill operations) increased as a percentage of total revenues. In 1996, such benefit more than fully offset such lower collection margins, resulting in cost of operations as a percentage of sales decreasing slightly to 61.6% in 1996 from 61.7% in 1995. In 1995, such benefit only partially offset such lower collection margins, resulting in cost of operations as a percentage of sales increasing to 61.7% in 1995 from 60.7% in 1994. Selling, General and Administrative Expense. Selling, general and administrative expense ("SG&A") increased to $53.1 million during 1996 from $34.8 million during 1995 and $22.5 million during 1994. As a percentage of revenues, SG&A was 15.8% during 1996 compared with 15.3% during 1995 and 15.4% during 1994. The increase in SG&A as a percentage of revenues in 1996 compared with 1995 primarily reflected the fact that expenses related to acquisitions accounted for as a pooling-of-interests (of which there were six in 1996 and one in 1995) and writedown of assets were a greater percentage of revenues in 1996 than in 1995 (1.8% in 1996 compared with 0.4% in 1995). Excluding such expenses, SG&A as a percentage of revenues would have decreased, primarily related to the fact that the revenue growth attributable to acquisitions was achieved without a commensurate increase in senior management expense or corporate overhead. Interest Expense. Interest expense was $15.0 million, $10.0 million and $6.4 million in 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively, representing an increase of 48.6% in 1996 from 1995 and an increase of 56.6% in 1995 from 1994. These increases primarily reflected the fact that the Company's indebtedness increased during each of these years primarily to fund acquisitions. Interest capitalized as a component of construction projects during 1996, 1995 and 1994 amounted to $1,682,000, $1,349,000 and $722,000, respectively. Other (Income) Expense. Other expense, net was $252,000 in 1996 and other income, net was $949,000 and $474,000 in 1995 and 1994, respectively. The increase in other expense, net in 1996 was primarily attributable to a $2.0 million charge resulting from the sale of the Company's transfer station in Pennsylvania, offset by increased interest income in 1996 resulting from higher levels of cash equivalents in 1996 than in 1995. The increase in other income, net in 1995 compared with 1994, resulted from increased interest income from higher levels of cash equivalents in 1995 than in 1994. Income Taxes. Income taxes increased to $25.6 million, or an effective rate of 42.2%, during 1996 from $16.8 million, or an effective rate of 38.5%, during 1995, and $10.0 million, or an effective rate of 34.6% during 1994. The increase in the effective rate in 1996 compared with 1995 was primarily due to the fact that certain transaction expenses relating to acquisitions accounted for as a pooling-of-interests are not deductible in determining taxable income and such expenses were higher in 1996 than in 1995. The increase in the effective rate in 1995 compared with 1994 primarily reflected the fact that the Company had available net operating loss carryforwards in 1994, while it utilized virtually no net operating loss carryforwards in 1995. Liquidity and Capital Resources The Company completed 79 acquisitions in 1996. Primarily as a result thereof: (i) total assets increased to $801.0 million at December 31, 1996 from $540.6 million at December 31, 1995, (ii) long-term debt increased to $302.7 million at December 31, 1996 from $156.2 million at December 31, 1995 (primarily reflecting borrowings in connection with funding such acquisitions), (iii) accrued expenses and other current liabilities increased to $24.8 million at December 31, 1996 from $17.1 million at December 31, 1995 (primarily reflecting the assumption or increase of current liabilities in connection with such acquisitions) and (iv) accrued landfill costs increased to $49.5 million at December 31, 1996 from $34.2 million at December 31, 1995 (primarily reflecting accrued landfill cost associated with such acquisitions). Stockholders' equity increased to $318.7 million at December 31, 1996 from $242.3 million at December 31, 1995. This increase was primarily attributable to (i) the exercise of Common Stock warrants and options, (ii) the issuance of Common Stock of the Company as consideration for certain acquisitions and (iii) net income in 1996. The Company (i) has used, and expects to continue using, a substantial amount of cash generated from operations to fund acquisitions, thereby reducing its current assets, and (ii) in connection with acquisitions and the financing of machinery and equipment, the Company has assumed or incurred indebtedness with relatively short-term repayment schedules, thereby increasing its current liabilities. As a result of the foregoing financing practices, the Company has had, and expects to continue to have, low levels of working capital or working capital deficiencies. Although the Company had working capital of $11.8 million at December 31, 1996, the Company expects that in the future it may maintain lower levels of working capital or working capital deficiencies based on the financing practices described above. As discussed below, the Company believes that its working capital position will not impair its ability to meet its ongoing cash requirements and continue its acquisition program, although there can be no assurance of this. During 1996, the Company generated net cash from operations of approximately $78.2 million and had net cash from financing activities of approximately $140.1 million. The Company used approximately $157.1 million of such funds generated from operations and financing activities primarily to fund the cash portion of the consideration paid for business acquisitions and used approximately $55.3 million of such funds for capital expenditures. The Company's credit facility was amended in December 1996, to, among other things, eliminate certain covenants and to lower borrowing costs. The credit facility as so amended (the "Credit Facility") provides for a $190 million, three year, secured revolving credit facility due December 1999. Outstanding loans under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Eurodollar Rate (Reserve Adjusted) (as defined in the loan agreement providing for the Credit Facility) applicable to each interest period plus 0.625% to 1.25% per annum or the Alternate Reference Rate (as defined) from time to time in effect. The Credit Facility is secured by the stock of the Company's subsidiaries, restricts the Company from granting other liens on its assets (subject to certain limited exemptions), and requires the Company to comply with certain covenants, including, but not limited to, maintenance of certain financial ratios, limitations on additional indebtedness, limitations on capital expenditures and a prohibition on the Company's payment of cash dividends on its Common Stock. The Credit Facility also currently requires that the consent of the lenders be obtained in order for the Company to make an acquisition that provides for an aggregate cash purchase price of $50 million or more. In addition, the Credit Facility prohibits the Company from using more than $15 million of its cash to secure closure and post-closure obligations that the Company may have relating to its landfills. At December 31, 1996, the outstanding amount of indebtedness under the Credit Facility was $31.5 million, compared with $41.8 million at December 31, 1995, and the weighted average interest rate on such indebtedness was 6.98% per annum at December 31, 1996. All outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility was repaid in March 1997 from the proceeds of a public offering as described below. The Credit Facility also allows the Company to obtain up to $90 million in letters of credit. These letters of credit may be used, among other purposes, to secure or support closure obligations that the Company may have relating to its landfills. On December 31, 1996, the face amount of outstanding letters of credit issued pursuant to the Credit Facility was approximately $61.3 million. The aggregate amount that the Company is permitted to borrow under the Credit Facility is reduced by the aggregate face amount of all outstanding letters of credit issued thereunder. In June 1996, the Company issued $150 million principal amount of 4-1/2% Convertible Subordinated Notes due June 1, 2001 (the "Convertible Notes"). The Convertible Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4-1/2% per annum, payable semi-annually. The Convertible Notes are convertible into Common Stock of the Company at a conversion price of $32.50 per share. The Convertible Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company and are subordinated to all existing and future Senior Indebtedness (as defined in the indenture relating to the Convertible Notes) of the Company and are effectively subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of the subsidiaries of the Company. In March 1997, the Company completed a public offering in which it issued 3,450,000 shares of Common Stock at a price of $36.50 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering was approximately $119.3 million. The Company used approximately $47.2 million of such net proceeds to repay all outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility, and currently there is no indebtedness outstanding thereunder. As of March 25, 1997, the Company has cash and cash equivalents of approximately $69.0 million. Set forth below is a discussion of the Company's primary ongoing cash requirements and the means by which it expects to meet these requirements in the future. Operating Activities. The Company anticipates that for the foreseeable future cash generated from operating activities will be sufficient to provide the cash required for operating activities. Capital Expenditures. The Company expects to make capital expenditures on an ongoing basis for improvements to, and expansion of, its landfills and for equipment purchases. The Company estimates that in respect of its existing operations it will be required to make capital expenditures of approximately $62 to $67 million in each of 1997 and 1998. The Company expects that it will fund such estimated capital expenditures in respect of its existing operations from cash on hand and cash generated from operations, supplemented, if required, by borrowings available under the Credit Facility. In addition, the Company expects that it will be required to make capital expenditures in respect of new operations that it may hereafter acquire. The Company cannot quantify at this time the amount of such capital expenditures. Acquisitions. An element of the Company's strategy is to continue to acquire additional solid waste companies. The Company expects to pay for future acquisitions using cash, capital stock, assumption of indebtedness and/or notes, ongoing royalties and contingent payments. The Company expects that any cash required for future acquisitions will be provided by a combination of cash on hand, cash generated from operations, borrowings available under the Credit Facility and future debt or equity financing. There can be no assurance, however, that any such future debt or equity financing will be available or, if available, will be available on terms satisfactory to the Company. In order to minimize cash required to complete acquisitions and adequately secure indemnity obligations, the Company frequently structures its landfill acquisitions in a manner such that a portion of the purchase consideration is deferred, contingent or payable in the form of future royalties. The Company expects that deferred or contingent payments and royalties that may become payable in respect of its completed acquisitions will be funded from cash generated from operations. Debt Repayment. At December 31, 1996, the Company had debt and capital lease obligations of approximately $317.9 million. The Company will be obligated to retire approximately $5.9 million and $6.2 million of this indebtedness in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The Company plans to meet such obligations from cash on hand, cash generated from operations, borrowings available under the Credit Facility and/or additional financing. Financial Assurance. The Company is required to provide financial assurance to various governmental and regulatory bodies for closure, post-closure and remediation obligations. The Company provides for these financial assurance obligations primarily through the issuance of letters of credit obtained under the Credit Facility, as well as through surety bonds and irrevocable trust funds. As of December 31, 1996, the aggregate amount of these financial assurance obligations was $42.4 million, $31.7 million of which is being satisfied by letters of credit obtained under the Credit Facility. Under the Subtitle D Regulations, new financial assurance requirements are scheduled to become effective on April 9, 1997. The Company estimates that when such regulations become fully effective the financial assurance obligations that it will be required to provide in order to continue certain of its existing landfill operations will increase by approximately $11.6 million to approximately $54.0 million, although there can be no asurance that the Company's calculations will be approved by state regulatory authorities. The Company plans to meet such increased financial assurance obligations through additional letters of credit obtained under existing or new credit facilities and, where permitted, insurance policies. Capitalized Expenditures The Company, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, capitalizes certain expenditures and advances relating to its acquisitions, pending acquisitions and landfill development and expansion projects. Indirect acquisitions costs, such as executive salaries, general corporate overhead, public affairs and other corporate services, are expensed as incurred. The Company's policy is to charge against earnings any unamortized capitalized expenditures or advances (net of any portion thereof that the Company estimates will be recoverable, through sale or otherwise) relating to any operation that is permanently shut down, any pending acquisition that is not consummated, and any landfill development or expansion project that is not successfully completed. The Company also has a substantial investment in its permitted landfills. If any of the Company's landfills were to lose their permits, the Company would charge against earnings the unamortized portion of its investment and any necessary acceleration of closure and post closure accruals. The Company has capitalized expenditures with respect to substantially all of its other operations. There can be no assurance that the Company will not be required in future periods to incur charges against earnings relating to these capitalized expenditures. The Company capitalizes certain costs related to obtaining certain financings and amortizes these costs over the life of the related financing. In the event that the Company refinances any financings with respect to which it has capitalized costs, the Company would be required to charge against earnings the unamortized portion of such costs. At December 31, 1996, the Company's unamortized financing costs amounted to approximately $7.1 million. Inflation and Prevailing Economic Condition To date, inflation has not had a significant impact on the Company's operations. The Company generally enters into long-term contracts only if such contracts include provisions for price escalations based on a price index. Seasonality The Company's revenues tend to be somewhat lower in the winter months. This is generally reflected in the Company's first quarter results and may also be reflected in its fourth quarter results. This is primarily attributable to the fact that (i) the volume of waste relating to construction and demolition activities and activities relating to the remediation of contaminated soils tends to increase in the spring and summer months and (ii) the volume of waste relating to industrial and residential waste in certain of the regions where the Company operates tends to decrease during the winter months. Particularly harsh weather conditions may result in the temporary suspension of certain of the Company's operations and could adversely affect the Company's overall results of operations. New Accounting Pronouncements In February 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 128, "Earnings per Share", which specifies the computation, presentation and disclosure requirements for earnings per share. The statement is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 1997 and early adoption is not permitted. The Company has not yet determined the future impact of this pronouncement. In October 1996, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued Statement of Position No. 96-1 ("SOP 96-1"), Environmental Remediation Liabilities. SOP 96-1 provides authoritative guidance on the recognition, measurement, display and disclosure of environmental remediation liabilities. SOP 96-1 also contains a discussion of major federal legislation relating to environmental remediation and pollution prevention and control. SOP 96-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1996. Although such costs are not presently determinable, adoption of SOP 96-1 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's financial position and results of operations. See Notes 2 and 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included elsewhere herein. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE Page (1) Consolidated Financial Statements: Report of Independent Auditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1996 and 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 . . . . . . . 59 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . 65 (2) Financial Statement Schedule: Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts. . . . . . . . . 90 Schedules other than those listed are omitted as they are not applicable or the required or equivalent information has been included in the financial statements or notes thereto. REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS Board of Directors United Waste Systems, Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of United Waste Systems, Inc. as of December 31, 1996 and 1995 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1996. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 14(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the management of United Waste Systems, Inc. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits. We did not audit the 1994 financial statements of the Carmel Marina Companies, wholly-owned subsidiaries, which statements reflect total revenues constituting 15% in 1994 of the related consolidated totals. Those statements were audited by other auditors, whose report has been furnished to us and our opinion, insofar as it relates to data included for the Carmel Marina Companies, is based solely on the report of the other auditors. We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits and the report of other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, based on our audits and, for 1994, the report of other auditors, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of United Waste Systems, Inc. at December 31, 1996 and 1995, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1996, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein. ERNST & YOUNG LLP MetroPark, New Jersey February 21, 1997, except for Note 13, as to which the date is March 25, 1997 UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31 1996 1995 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,567,854 $ 6,721,849 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,076,000 in 1996 and $2,249,000 in 1995 54,963,664 38,522,126 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 29,989,310 14,198,544 Total current assets 87,520,828 59,442,519 Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $94,407,414 in 1996 and $58,866,599 in 1995 387,980,224 289,378,346 Intangible assets, net 286,851,677 171,739,197 Other assets 38,688,965 20,008,399 $801,041,694 $ 540,568,461 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Current portion of long-term debt and nonrecourse bonds $ 5,064,413 $ 5,644,096 Accounts payable 23,923,298 18,031,701 Deferred revenue 12,189,998 8,291,415 Due to seller 4,258,016 6,465,720 Short-term accrued landfill costs 4,648,923 6,524,024 Current portion of capital lease obligations 846,528 1,383,576 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 24,768,470 17,077,402 Total current liabilities 75,699,646 63,417,934 Long-term debt, less current portion 302,704,119 156,193,971 Obligations under capital leases, less current portion 373,296 4,687,554 Nonrecourse sewage facility revenue bonds, less current portion 8,900,000 9,400,000 Accrued landfill costs, less current portion 44,878,800 27,663,907 Other long-term liabilities 13,137,811 3,056,578 Deferred income taxes 36,634,609 33,885,306 Commitments and contingencies
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31 1996 1995 Stockholders' equity: Preferred stock, $.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding Common stock, $.001 par value, 75,000,000 shares authorized; 39,089,553 in 1996 and 17,578,550 in 1995 shares issued and outstanding 39,090 17,579 Additional paid-in capital 248,973,700 200,267,630 Retained earnings 69,700,623 41,978,002 Total stockholders' equity 318,713,413 242,263,211 $ 801,041,694 $ 540,568,461
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Year ended December 31 1996 1995 1994 Revenues $ 335,743,175 $ 228,376,762 $ 146,042,523 Cost of operations 206,786,205 140,813,834 88,611,515 Selling, general and administrative expense 53,106,485 34,841,125 22,526,867 Income from operations 75,850,485 52,721,803 34,904,141 Interest expense 14,949,746 10,061,290 6,424,630 Other expense (income), net 251,661 (948,830) (474,211) Income before provision for pro forma income taxes 60,649,078 43,609,343 28,953,722 Provision for pro forma income taxes 25,619,566 16,779,259 10,008,796 Pro forma net income 35,029,512 26,830,084 18,944,926 Net deductions from pro forma income available to common stockholders -- 372,501 1,275,180 Pro forma income available to common stockholders $ 35,029,512 $ 26,457,583 $17,669,746 Pro forma primary earnings per common share and common equivalent share $ .88 $ .77 $ .68 Pro forma fully diluted earnings per common share and common equivalent share $ .87 $ .77 $ .65
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock Common Stock Number Number Additional of of Paid-in Retained Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Earnings Balance, December 31, 1993 1,797,581 $ 1,798 11,514,060 $ 11,514 $ 83,935,580 $ 4,535,071 Issuance of common stock 763,578 764 15,279,707 Exercise of common stock warrants and options 568,394 569 7,311,162 Conversion of 8% convertible preferred stock (854,152) (854) 780,563 780 44 Preferred stock dividends (1,275,180) Contributed capital 590,667 Subchapter S distributions of pooled entities (3,413,997) Pro forma net income 18,944,926 Pro forma tax adjustment 2,064,773 Balance, December 31, 1994 943,429 944 13,626,595 13,627 107,117,160 20,855,593 Issuance of common stock 2,469,299 2,469 79,684,075
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - Continued
Preferred Stock Common Stock Number Number Additional of of Paid-in Retained Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Earnings Exercise of common stock warrants and options 529,582 530 8,145,726 Conversion of 8% convertible preferred stock (943,429) (944) 862,105 862 82 Conversion of convertible debt 90,969 91 2,660,752 Preferred stock dividends (372,501) Subchapter S distributions of pooled entities (4,133,700) Pro forma net income 26,830,084 Pro forma tax adjustment 1,458,361 Reclassification of subchapter S accumulated earnings to paid-in capital 2,659,835 (2,659,835) Balance, December 31, 1995 17,578,550 17,579 200,267,630 41,978,002
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - Continued
Preferred Stock Common Stock Number Number Additional of of Paid-in Retained Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Earnings Two-for-one stock split 18,238,718 18,238 (18,238) Poolings-of- interests 758,558 759 422,967 (4,781,320) Adjustment to conform fiscal year of pooled entities (506,803) Exercise of common stock warrants and options 2,468,630 2,469 43,335,486 Issuance of common stock 45,097 45 3,823,807 Subchapter S distributions of pooled entities (1,240,000) Pro forma net income 35,029,512 Pro forma tax adjustment 363,280 Reclassification of Subchapter S accumulated earnings to paid-in capital 1,142,048 (1,142,048) Balance, December 31, 1996 -- -- 39,089,553 $39,090 $248,973,700 $69,700,623
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year ended December 31 1996 1995 1994 Cash flows from operating activities: Pro forma net income $ 35,029,512 $ 26,830,084 $ 18,944,926 Adjustments to reconcile pro forma net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 37,875,896 24,308,227 14,247,906 Deferred income taxes 10,057,369 3,859,374 1,871,425 Gain on sale of assets (929,661) (174,767) (25,618) Pro forma tax adjustment 363,280 1,458,361 2,064,773 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable (5,332,538) (2,446,181) (6,076,126) Other assets 1,614,204 (3,874,321) (163,365) Accounts payable 1,994,813 (882,447) 4,870,279 Accrued landfill costs (5,525,390) 34,893 (1,849,037) Other liabilities 3,045,562 7,277,122 3,536,541 Net cash provided by operating activities 78,193,047 56,390,345 37,421,704 Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment (55,317,981) (39,189,791) (22,562,624) Proceeds from sale of assets 3,071,440 280,290 285,243 Restricted investments, net (held to maturity) (8,151,482) (7,954,428) (186,741) Payments of capitalized project costs (1,244,535) (1,279,671) (2,305,851) Payments of contingent purchase price (3,752,072) (2,337,751) (6,262,879)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - continued
Year ended December 31 1996 1995 1994 Purchases of other companies, net of cash acquired (157,092,207) (159,062,810) (27,331,361) Net cash used in investing activities (222,486,837) (209,544,161) (58,364,213) Cash flows from financing activities: Dividends on preferred stock (372,501) (1,275,180) Proceeds from debt 225,130,225 278,281,793 40,839,022 Repayments of debt (94,638,687) (185,233,930) (32,977,036) Repayments of capital lease obligations (3,456,053) (614,686) (1,570,971) Net proceeds from issuance of common stock 66,072,051 15,280,471 Proceeds from exercise of common stock warrants and options 26,652,798 8,146,256 6,296,716 Payment of financing costs (5,437,000) (2,684,074) (582,483) Due to sellers (6,871,488) (2,185,751) (317,498) Notes receivable (1,104,505) Contributed capital of pooled entities 590,667 Subchapter S distributions of pooled entities (1,240,000) (4,133,700) (3,413,997) Net cash provided by financing activitie 140,139,795 157,275,458 21,765,206 (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (4,153,995) 4,121,642 822,697 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 6,721,849 2,600,207 1,777,510 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 2,567,854 $ 6,721,849 $ 2,600,207 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid during the year for interest, net of amounts capitalized $13,328,310 $ 8,337,161 $ 5,970,394 Cash paid during the year for income taxes $ 5,644,573 $10,362,953 $ 3,426,391
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - continued
Year ended December 31 1996 1995 1994 Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities: The Company acquired the net assets and assumed certain liabilities of other companies as follows: Fair value of net assets acquired: Property and equipment $ 51,505,429 $121,210,509 $14,795,348 Other assets, net of cash acquired 138,909,867 129,422,285 22,425,750 Less liabilities assumed (24,603,268) (67,813,389) (9,227,426) Less amounts due to seller (4,671,023) (7,965,999) (594,483) Less amounts paid in common stock (3,823,852) (13,333,150) Less deposits and capitalized project costs paid in prior periods (224,946) (2,457,446) (67,828) Net cash paid $ 157,092,207 $159,062,810 $27,331,361 Equipment financed by capital lease obligations $ 777,867 $ 167,370 Conversion of convertible preferred stock 10,377,719 9,395,672 Conversion of convertible debt 2,660,843
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 Note 1 - Organization and basis of presentation United Waste Systems, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("United" or "the Company") own, operate, acquire and develop nonhazardous solid waste landfills, collection operations and other related environmental services in selected markets in the United States. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been restated to include accounts of certain acquisitions accounted for as poolings-of-interests (see Note 3). All per share data of the Company for all periods included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and all share data in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements have been adjusted to reflect a two-for-one stock split in the form of a 100% stock dividend that became effective in June 1996 (see Note 9). Note 2 - Summary of significant accounting policies Cash Equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. The estimated useful life ranges for property and equipment are as follows: Range of Estimated Useful Lives Buildings and improvements 25 - 30 years Vehicles and equipment 7 - 10 years Furniture, fixtures and office equipment 5 - 10 years Amortization of assets recorded under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. The Company's sludge composting facility is being depreciated over the original contract period of 20 years. Landfill and landfill improvement costs are amortized based upon total units of airspace filled during the year in relation to estimated permitted airspace capacity. Land held for future development is excluded from amortization. Engineering and legal fees paid to third parties incurred to obtain a disposal facility permit are capitalized as landfill costs and amortized over the estimated related airspace capacity. These costs are not amortized until the permit is obtained and operations have commenced. If the permit is denied, these costs are charged to expense. Other Assets: Other assets consist primarily of deposits for, or advances to, pending or prospective acquisitions and restricted cash and cash equivalents which are collateral for letters of credit and bonds and restricted debt service and construction funds. Restricted cash and cash equivalents are $11,480,003 at December 31, 1996 and $8,366,000 at December 31, 1995. In connection with the Company's Tax Exempt Bonds (see Note 6), restricted cash and cash equivalents in escrow total $5,590,000 at December 31, 1995. At December 31, 1996, all funds have been expended. Concentrations of Credit Risk: Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash investments and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash investments with high quality financial institutions. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited because a large number of geographically diverse customers make up the Company's customer base. No single group or customer represents greater than 10% of total accounts receivable. The Company controls credit risk through credit approvals, credit limits, and monitoring procedures. Accrued Landfill Costs: Landfill site closure and post-closure cost liabilities are accrued for the Company's owned landfills based on engineering estimates of total units of airspace filled during the year and the total closure and post-closure costs to be incurred by the Company. Such liabilities are not discounted or reduced by possible recoveries from third parties. Revenue Recognition: Landfill revenues are recorded at the date of actual waste disposal. Revenues received prior to services being performed are deferred and are recognized over the service period. Income Taxes: The Company uses the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards: In March 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed of ("SFAS No. 121"), which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets' carrying amount. SFAS No. 121 also addresses the accounting for long-lived assets that are expected to be disposed of. SFAS No. 121 is effective for the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 1996. The adoption of this Statement did not have a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In October 1996, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued Statement of Position No. 96-1 ("SOP 96-1"), Environmental Remediation Liabilities. SOP 96-1 provides authoritative guidance on the recognition, measurement, display and disclosure of environmental remediation liabilities. SOP 96-1 also contains a discussion of major federal legislation relating to environmental remediation and pollution prevention and control. SOP 96-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1996. Although such costs are not presently determinable, adoption of SOP 96-1 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's financial position and results of operations (See Note 12). Use of Estimates: The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions principally affect the Company's accruals for landfill costs and accounts receivable reserve, the amortization periods for intangible assets and landfill and landfill improvement costs. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Stock-Based Compensation: The Company accounts for its stock compensation arrangements under the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees." Since the stock options are granted by the Company at the fair value of the shares at the date of grant, no compensation expense is recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements (see Note 9). Note 3 - Acquisitions On June 28, 1996, the Company issued 730,765 shares of its Common Stock for all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Salinas Disposal Service, Inc., Rural Dispos-All Service, Inc. and Madison Lane Properties, Inc. (the "Salinas Companies"), a group of affiliated companies that comprise an integrated solid waste management company. This transaction has been accounted for as a pooling-of-interests and, accordingly, the Consolidated Financial Statements have been restated for all periods presented to include the accounts of the Salinas Companies. On September 29, 1995, the Company issued 2,252,946 shares of its Common Stock for all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Carmel Marina Corporation, Neal Road Landfill Corporation, Jolon Road Landfill Corporation, Cal Sanitation Services, Inc., Portable Site Services, Inc. and certain real estate assets (the "Carmel Marina Companies"), a group of affiliated companies that comprise an integrated solid waste management company. This transaction has been accounted for as a pooling-of-interests and, accordingly, the Consolidated Financial Statements have been restated for all periods presented to include the accounts of the Carmel Marina Companies. Separate revenue and pro forma net income of United the Carmel Marina Companies and the Salinas Companies prior to the respective combinations are as follows: Carmel Marina Salinas United(1) Companies Companies Combined Year ended December 31, 1995 Revenues $211,790,224 $16,586,538 $228,376,762 Pro forma net income 25,987,769 842,315 26,830,084 Year ended December 31, 1994 Revenues 106,551,057 $21,977,708 17,513,758 146,042,523 Pro forma net income 15,557,488 1,509,387 1,878,051 18,944,926 _______________ (1) The data with respect to United for the year ended December 31, 1994, is prior to restatement for the acquisitions of the Carmel Marina Companies and the Salinas Companies. The data with respect to United for the year ended December 31, 1995, is after restatement for the acquisition of the Carmel Marina Companies, but prior to restatement for the acquisition of the Salinas Companies. During September 1996, the Company issued 579,857 shares of its Common Stock for the acquisition of three solid waste management companies. During December 1996, the Company issued 178,701 shares of its Common Stock for the acquisition of two solid waste management companies. These transactions were accounted for as poolings-of-interests; however, these acquisitions were not material to the Company's consolidated operations and financial position and, therefore, the accompanying 1995 and 1994 Consolidated Financial Statements have not been restated. The acquisitions discussed below have been accounted for as purchases and, accordingly, the results of their operations have been included in the Company's results of operations from their respective acquisition dates. The purchase prices have been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values at their respective acquisition dates. Contingent purchase price is capitalized when earned and amortized over the remaining life of the related asset. During December 1996, the Company purchased outstanding stock and certain assets of the I-5 Companies, which are comprised of two landfill operating contracts, one collection company and two transfer stations. The consideration was comprised of $21,000,000 in cash and certain additional assumed liabilities. During January 1996, the Company purchased all of the outstanding stock of Commercial Disposal Co., Inc. which is comprised of a collection company and two transfer stations. The aggregate consideration was $16,126,500 in cash. The total initial consideration for other acquisitions that the Company made in 1996 was approximately $119,466,000 in cash, approximately $1,390,000 in seller notes, 109,673 shares of the Company's Common Stock, warrants to purchase 65,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock and contingent consideration not to exceed $15,950,000. During September 1995, the Company purchased the outstanding stock and certain assets of the Partyka Resource Companies, which comprise two solid waste landfills and collection operations. The aggregate initial consideration was $36,424,609 in cash, $6 million in seller notes and 184,200 shares of the Company's Common Stock. Contingent royalty payments of $5.95 per ton are due for each ton received at the landfills commencing October 1995 (subject to a cap of $10,577,773). During September 1995, the Company purchased all of the outstanding stock of the Zenith Kremer Companies, which are comprised of a collection company and two transfer station permits. The aggregate consideration was $19,158,320 in cash. During February 1995, the Company purchased all of the outstanding stock of Waste Systems Corporation and certain assets of WasteCo, Inc., which together are comprised of a solid waste landfill and collection operations. The aggregate initial consideration was $12,326,396 in cash and 280,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock. Contingent royalty payments of $1.15 per ton are due for each ton received at the landfill (not to exceed $8 million in aggregate). An additional contingent purchase payment of $750,000 was paid in 1996 upon receipt of a permit modification increasing daily and annual tonnage limits that may be accepted by the landfill, and an additional contingent purchase payment of $1,000,000 was paid in 1996 upon the receipt of another permit modification from required regulatory agencies authorizing additional landfill capacity. The total initial consideration for other acquisitions that the Company made in 1995 was approximately $91,200,000 in cash, approximately $5,900,000 in seller notes, 464,398 shares of the Company's Common Stock and contingent consideration not to exceed $19,200,000. During August 1994, the Company purchased all of the outstanding stock of Pete's Disposal Service, Inc., a collection company that provides solid waste collection services. The aggregate initial consideration was $4,800,000 in cash. Contingent consideration of $347,896 in cash was paid in January 1995 related to certain contractual obligations for billing retentions. During June 1994, the Company purchased all of the outstanding stock of PRTR, Inc., a company that operates a transfer station. The aggregate initial consideration was $4,225,846 in cash. Contingent royalty payments of $1 per ton (subject to $.75 increases on the fifth and tenth anniversary dates of the transaction) for each ton received in excess of 100 tons per day are payable quarterly (subject to a cap of $125,000 per year and $1,300,000 in aggregate). During April 1994, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Orlando Trucking, Inc., a collection company. The aggregate initial consideration was $3,970,000 in cash. During March 1994, the Company purchased all of the outstanding stock of Kent Industrial Services, Inc., a collection company. The aggregate initial consideration was $5,000,000 in cash. During January 1994, the Company purchased all of the outstanding stock of Harland's Sanitary Landfill, Inc. and purchased substantially all of the assets of Harland's Disposal Service, Inc. These companies are comprised of solid waste landfill and collection operations. The initial aggregate purchase price was $4,170,000 in cash. Contingent royalty payments of $1.50 per ton commence on the ninth anniversary of the transaction. The total consideration for other acquisitions that the Company made in 1994 was $2,652,291 in cash and $1,363,000 in seller notes. The Company has not completed its valuation of certain of its 1996 purchases and the purchase price allocations are subject to change when additional information concerning asset and liability valuations are completed. The following table summarizes, on an unaudited pro forma basis, the combined results of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995 as though each acquisition described above (excluding certain of such acquisitions that were not material individually or in the aggregate) was made on January 1, 1995. 1996 1995 Revenues $ 360,469,429 $ 322,428,781 Pro forma net income 34,960,904 28,169,023 Pro forma primary earnings per common and common equivalent share $.88 $.81 Pro forma fully diluted earnings per common and common equivalent share $.87 $.80 The unaudited pro forma results are based upon certain assumptions and estimates which are subject to change. These results are not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations that might have occurred, nor are they necessarily indicative of expected results in the future. Note 4 - Property and equipment A summary of property and equipment is as follows: December 31 1996 1995 Landfills $ 224,413,867 $ 181,685,044 Land and improvements 22,350,398 14,529,438 Buildings and improvements 34,713,450 22,626,762 Sludge composting facility 11,675,853 11,675,853 Vehicles and equipment 160,422,300 102,582,170 December 31 1996 1995 Furniture, fixtures and office equipment 5,381,978 3,243,833 Construction in progress 23,429,792 11,901,845 482,387,638 348,244,945 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (94,407,414) (58,866,599) Net property and equipment $ 387,980,224 $ 289,378,346 Landfill amortization totaled $11,176,704, $6,986,922 and $3,573,196 for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively. Depreciation expense totaled $18,009,022, $9,971,936 and $5,447,329 for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively. The Company capitalizes interest as a component of the cost of property and equipment for construction projects that take considerable time and expenditures. Interest capitalized, primarily related to landfill cell construction, in 1996, 1995 and 1994 amounted to $1,682,000, $1,349,000 and $722,000, respectively. Note 5 - Intangible assets Intangible assets consist of the excess of cost over the value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired and other intangible assets. Excess of cost over value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired are being amortized on a straight line basis over forty years while other intangible assets are being amortized on a straight line basis for periods ranging from three to ten years. December 31 1996 1995 Excess of cost over value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired $ 293,462,083 $ 171,957,922 Other intangible assets 8,621,997 8,520,001 302,084,080 180,477,923 Less accumulated amortization (15,232,403) (8,738,726) Intangible assets, net $ 286,851,677 $ 171,739,197 The Company continually evaluates the value and future benefits of its intangibles. The Company assesses recoverability from future operations using income from operations of the related acquired business as a measure. Under this approach, the carrying value would be reduced if it becomes probable that the Company's best estimate for expected future cash flows of the related business would be less than the carrying amount of the intangible over the remaining amortization period. For the three year period ended December 31, 1996, there were no adjustments to the carrying amounts of intangibles resulting from these evaluations. Note 6 - Long-term debt Long-term debt consists of the following: December 31 1996 1995 Credit Facility $ 31,450,000 $ 41,800,000 Convertible Subordinated Notes at 4 1/2% per annum, due June 1, 2001, convertible to Common Stock at $32.50 per share 150,000,000 Senior secured notes, interest payment semi-annually, at 7.67% per annum, annual principal payments beginning September 1999, due September 2005 75,000,000 75,000,000 Tax exempt bonds, monthly interest payments at variable rates (4.25% and 5.15% at December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively), due April 2010 22,500,000 22,500,000 Promissory note, quarterly interest payments, at 8% per annum, due September 2001 6,000,000 6,000,000 December 31 1996 1995 Subordinated promissory notes, monthly interest payments at 8 1/2% per annum due April 2000 3,000,000 3,000,000 Other (interest rates ranging from 3.07% to 14.7%) 19,418,532 13,238,067 307,368,532 161,538,067 Less current portion (4,664,413) (5,344,096) $ 302,704,119 $ 156,193,971 The Company's credit facility was amended in December 1996 to, among other things, eliminate certain covenants and lower borrowing costs. The credit facility as so amended (the "Credit Facility") provides for a $190 million, three year, secured revolving credit facility due December 1999. Outstanding loans under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Eurodollar Rate (Reserve Adjusted) (as defined in the loan agreement providing for the Credit Facility) applicable to each interest period plus 0.625% to 1.25% per annum or the Alternate Reference Rate (as defined) from time to time in effect. At December 31, 1996 and 1995, the weighted average interest rate was 6.98% and 7.15%, respectively. The Credit Facility also allows the Company to obtain up to $90 million in letters of credit. The aggregate amount that the Company is permitted to borrow under the Credit Facility is reduced by the aggregate face amount of all outstanding letters of credit issued thereunder. The Credit Facility is secured by the stock of the Company's subsidiaries, restricts the Company from granting other liens on its assets (subject to certain limited exceptions), and requires the Company to comply with certain covenants including, but not limited to, maintenance of certain financial ratios, limitations on additional indebtedness, limitations on capital expenditures and a prohibition on the Company's payment of cash dividends on its Common Stock. The Credit Facility also currently requires that the consent of the lenders be obtained in order for the Company to make an acquisition that provides for an aggregate cash purchase price of $50 million or more. In addition, the Credit Facility prohibits the Company from using more than $15 million of its cash to secure closure and post-closure obligations that the Company may have relating to its landfills (see Note 13). In June 1996, the Company issued $150 million principal amount of 4-1/2% Convertible Subordinated Notes due June 1, 2001 (the "Convertible Notes"). The Convertible Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4-1/2% per annum, payable semi-annually. The Convertible Notes are convertible into Common Stock of the Company at a conversion price of $32.50 per share. The Convertible Notes are unsecured obligations of United Waste Systems, Inc. and are subordinated to all existing and future Senior Indebtedness (as defined in the indenture relating to the Convertible Notes) of United Waste Systems, Inc. and are effectively subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of the subsidiaries of the Company. In April 1995, $22.5 million in principal amount of Variable Rate Demand Limited Obligation Revenue Bonds (the "Tax Exempt Bonds") were issued for the benefit of the Company by a corporate body organized under the laws of the State of Michigan. The Tax Exempt Bonds mature on April 1, 2010 and bear interest at a variable rate unless the Company elects a fixed rate in accordance with the terms of the Tax Exempt Bonds. If a variable rate is in effect, this rate is set periodically at a level (not to exceed 12% per annum) that would enable the Tax Exempt Bonds to be resold at a price equal to their principal amount plus all accrued interest thereon. In September 1995, the Company issued $75 million in Senior Secured Notes due September 1, 2005 (the "Notes"). The Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.67% per annum; interest is payable semi-annually and annual principal payments in the amount of $10.7 million are due beginning September 1999. The Notes are secured pari passu with the Credit Facility and any event of default under the Credit Facility also constitutes an event of default under the Notes. The Notes require the Company to comply with certain covenants including, but not limited to, maintenance of certain financial ratios, limitation on additional indebtedness and prohibition on the Company's payment of cash dividends on any of its capital stock. Maturities of the Company's long-term debt for each of the next five years at December 31, 1996 are as follows: 1997 $4,664,413 1998 5,564,456 1999 52,167,791 2000 11,406,981 2001 17,200,242 Thereafter 216,364,649 Note 7 - Nonrecourse Sewage Facility Revenue Bonds The Company's nonrecourse sewage facility revenue bonds (the "Revenue Bonds") are obligations of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and are collateralized solely by the subsidiary's interest in a sludge composting facility, revenue derived from such facility and by certain bond funds held in trust. The Revenue Bonds are nonrecourse and, therefore, the subsidiary and its affiliates, including, but not limited to, United Waste Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries, are not liable for any payment due on the Revenue Bonds, nor any claim based on, or in respect to, the Revenue Bond's indenture. Annual principal payments on the Revenue Bonds range from $400,000 to $1,100,000 through 2010 at final maturity and interest is payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 9.25% per annum. Note 8 - Income Taxes Certain of the companies acquired by United in transactions accounted for as poolings-of-interests (see Note 3) had elected to be treated as Subchapter S Corporations or partnerships prior to being acquired. In general, the income or loss of a Subchapter S Corporation or partnership is passed through to its owners rather than being subjected to taxes at the entity level. Pro forma net income or loss reflects a provision for income taxes on a pro forma basis for all periods presented as if all such companies were liable for federal and state income taxes as taxable corporate entities for all periods presented. The offsetting credits to the pro forma income tax provisions are reflected as an increase in retained earnings. The provision for pro forma federal and state income taxes is as follows: December 31 1996 1995 1994 Historical income taxes: Current State $ 3,135,854 $ 1,546,649 $ 546,230 Current Federal 12,063,062 10,228,961 5,575,607 Deferred State 1,607,625 660,890 181,636 Deferred Federal 8,449,744 3,198,484 1,640,550 (Benefit) for deferred taxes of Subchapter S Corporation at time of pooling (314,086) 25,256,285 15,320,898 7,944,023 Pro forma tax adjustment: December 31 1996 1995 1994 State 78,744 310,142 450,095 Federal 284,537 1,148,219 1,614,678 363,281 1,458,361 2,064,773 $25,619,566 $ 16,779,259 $ 10,008,796 A reconciliation of the provision for pro forma income taxes and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rates of 35% for 1996, 1995 and 1994 to income before taxes is as follows: December 31 1996 1995 1994 Computed tax at statutory tax rate $21,227,177 $15,263,270 $10,133,803 Increase (decrease) in taxes: Change in valuation allowance (270,480) (35,978) (472,306) Nondeductible expense (primarily intangibles 1,613,019 992,663 230,994 State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit 3,134,444 1,636,493 658,546 (Benefit) for deferred taxes of Subchapter S Corporation at time of pooling (314,086) Other (84,594) (763,103) (542,241) $25,619,566 $ 16,779,259 $ 10,008,796 The components of deferred income tax liabilities and assets are as follows: December 31 1996 1995 Deferred income tax liabilities: Property, equipment and intangibles $ 47,972,712 $ 42,593,903 Deferred income tax assets: Accounts receivable allowance 770,304 921,905 Accrued liabilities 6,961,902 1,861,550 Closure reserves 10,405,684 8,090,566 December 31 1996 1995 Net operating loss carryforwards 2,047,551 1,131,158 Other 64,004 Total deferred income tax assets 20,185,441 12,069,183 Valuation allowance (270,480) $ 20,185,441 $ 11,798,703 The Company recognized certain tax benefits related to its stock option plan in the amount of $16,682,688 and $1,754,177 in 1996 and 1995, respectively. At December 31, 1996, these benefits were recorded as income taxes receivable, which is reflected in the balance sheet as an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets and, an increase in additional paid-in capital. At December 31, 1995, these benefits were recorded as a reduction of income taxes payable, and reflected in the balance sheet as a reduction in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and an increase in additional paid-in capital. The Company has net short-term deferred tax assets in the amount of $8,847,338 and $2,842,000, at December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively, which are reported in the balance sheet in prepaid expenses and other current assets. At December 31, 1996, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards ("NOLs") of $14,111,425 for federal and $17,504,221 for state income tax purposes that expire in years 1997 through 2011. A portion of the NOLs resulted from the Company's acquisitions discussed in Note 3 and such NOLs are limited to the future taxable earnings of their related acquired businesses. At December 31, 1996, the Company has refundable income taxes in the amount of $9,591,911. This consists of $4,739,903 representing a carryback of losses and $4,852,008 representing federal and state payments for future liabilities. Note 9 - Capital Stock Common Stock: On May 30, 1996, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation that increased the authorized shares of Common Stock of the Company to 75,000,000 shares. On March 12, 1996, the Board of Directors approved a two-for-one stock split of the Company's Common Stock to be effected in the form of a 100% stock dividend. Such stock split was effected by the distribution on June 18, 1996, of a dividend of one share of the Company's Common Stock in respect of each share of Common Stock that was outstanding on June 7, 1996, the record date established for such distribution. All agreements concerning stock options, convertible securities and other commitments payable in shares of the Company's Common Stock were amended pursuant to their own terms to provide for the issuance of two shares of Common Stock for every one share that was issuable prior to the stock split. At December 31, 1996, approximately 9,176,552 shares of Common Stock are reserved for the exercise of warrants, options and the conversion of certain debt. Preferred Stock: The Company's board of directors has the authority to designate 5,000,000 shares of $.001 par value preferred stock in series, to establish as to each series the designation and number of shares to be issued and the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the shares of each series, and to determine the voting powers, if any, of such shares. At December 31, 1996, the Company's Board of Directors had designated 3,440,990 shares, of which 336,621 shares are available for future issuance. Common Stock Options and Warrants: During July 1992, the Company adopted the 1992 Stock Option Plan for the grant of incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock which may be subject to options granted under the plan may not exceed 5,900,000, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. The exercise price, subject to certain minimums, vesting periods and other conditions applicable to each option granted, are generally determined by two disinterested directors on the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Also during July 1992, the Company adopted a 1992 Disinterested Director Stock Option Plan for the grant of non-statutory options for certain directors of the Company. The plan provides for a fixed number of options to be issued annually for each participant with exercise prices at current market value and these options vest immediately. The Company has various other stock option plans for employees other than officers or directors. These plans have terms similar to those of the Company's 1992 Stock Option Plan. During 1996, the Company granted 1,983,368 stock options with a weighted-average exercise price of $26.92 per share. During 1996, 2,562,698 options (with a weighted-average exercise price per share of $10.06) were exercised and 17,829 options (with a weighted-average exercise price per share of $13.97) were forfeited. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during 1996 was $6.52 per share. At December 31, 1996, 3,588,091 options to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock were outstanding. The weighted average exercise price per share of such options was $19.91. Such options had exercise prices ranging from $5.06 to $36.25 per share. Of such options, 816,018 provided for an exercise price per share in the range of $5.06 to $10.00 (the weighted average exercise price and weighted average remaining life of the options in this range being $8.08 and 6.9 years, respectively); 1,107,158 provided for an exercise price per share in the range of $10.01 to $20.00 (the weighted average exercise price and weighted average remaining life of the options in this range being $16.48 and 8.6 years, respectively); and 1,664,915 provided for an exercise price per share in the range of $20.01 to $36.25 (the weighted average exercise price and weighted average remaining life of the options in this range being $27.98 and 9.7 years, respectively). At December 31, 1996, 1,424,954 of the Company's outstanding options were exercisable. The weighted average exercise price per share of such exercisable options was $17.89. Of such options, 479,682 provided for an exercise price per share in the range of $5.06 to $10.00 (the weighted average exercise price of the options in this range being $7.78); 360,995 provided for an exercise price per share in the range of $10.01 to $20.00 (the weighted average exercise price per share of the options in this range being $15.65); and 584,277 provided for an exercise price per share in the range of $20.01 to $36.25 (the weighted average exercise price of the options in this range being $27.58). At December 31, 1996, the Company had 973,076 stock purchase warrants outstanding with an exercise price per share ranging from $2.61 to $34.75, all of which were currently exercisable. Such warrants expire through the year 2006. At December 31, 1995, the Company had 4,185,250 stock options outstanding with exercise prices per share ranging from $5.06 to $19.00, with a weighted-average exercise price of $10.69 of which 3,063,584 options were exercisable. During 1995, 447,140 stock options were exercised with exercise prices per share ranging from $5.25 to $17.19. Also at December 31, 1995, the Company had 1,247,328 stock purchase warrants outstanding with exercise prices per share ranging from $2.61 to $12.50, all of which were currently exercisable, and expire through the year 2002. At December 31, 1994, the Company had 3,235,242 stock options outstanding with exercise prices per share ranging from $5.06 to $12.00. During 1994, 672,844 stock options were exercised with exercise prices per share ranging from $4.05 to $9.00. Also at December 31, 1994, the Company had 1,631,214 stock purchase warrants outstanding with exercise prices per share ranging from $.03 to $7.71, all of which were currently exercisable, and such warrants expire through the year 2002. The Company applies Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" in accounting for stock-based employee compensation arrangements whereby no compensation cost related to stock options is deducted in determining net income. Had compensation cost for the Company's stock option plans been determined pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 123 ("SFAS No. 123"), "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," the Company's pro forma net income and earnings per share would have differed. The Black-Scholes option pricing model estimates fair value of options using subjective assumptions which can materially effect fair value estimates and, therefore, do not necessarily provide a single measure of fair value of options. Using the Black-Scholes option pricing model for all options granted after December 31, 1994 and a risk-free interest rate of 5.75%, a volatility factor for the market price of the Company's Common Stock of .315 and a weighted-average expected life of options of approximately three years, the Company's pro forma net income, primary pro forma earnings per share and fully-diluted pro forma earnings per share would have been $32,338,165, $.81 and $.81, respectively, for 1996 and,$26,008,749, $.75 and $.75 respectively, for 1995. For purposes of these pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of options is amortized over the options' vesting period. Since the number of options granted and their fair value may vary significantly from year to year, the pro forma compensation expense in future years may be materially different. Note 10 - Earnings Per Share Primary and fully diluted earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 1996 have been computed based upon weighted average equivalent shares outstanding of 39,943,715 and 42,913,825, respectively. Primary and fully diluted earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 1995 have been computed based upon weighted average equivalent shares outstanding of 34,693,501 and 34,898,801, respectively. Primary and fully diluted earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 1994 have been computed based upon weighted average equivalent shares outstanding of 26,076,421 and 29,153,689, respectively. Primary earnings per share was calculated after giving effect to net deductions from income available to common stockholders of $1,275,180 related to dividends on preferred stock. Note 11 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value disclosures for financial instruments: Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amount reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value. Restricted cash: The $11,480,003 carrying amount reported in the balance sheet included in other assets for restricted cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value. Long and short-term debt: The carrying amount of the Company's borrowings under its revolving credit agreement approximates fair value. The Convertible Notes traded at 115% of face value at December 31, 1996 and therefore the $150 million face amount of the Convertible Notes have a fair value of $173 million. The fair values of the other long and short-term debt are estimated based on the Company's incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. These carrying amounts approximate fair value. Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies The Company leases various office space and equipment under noncancellable operating leases expiring on various dates through 2004. The Company leases equipment with a cost of $2,422,984 and $5,981,710 and cumulative amortization of approximately $504,060 and $1,547,133 under various capital leases at December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995, respectively. The following is a schedule of future minimum lease payments under capital leases and noncancellable operating leases with initial terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 1996: Noncancellable Capital Operating December 31 Leases Leases 1997 $ 905,876 $ 1,257,322 1998 260,955 982,840 1999 113,589 375,242 2000 35,160 295,699 Noncancellable Capital Operating December 31 Leases Leases 2001 - 275,000 Thereafter - 709,202 Total minimum lease payments 1,315,580 $ 3,895,305 Less amount representing interest (95,756) Present value of net minimum lease payments 1,219,824 Less current portion (846,528) Long-term portion $ 373,296 Rent expense under noncancellable operating leases for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 was $1,044,995, $435,008 and $428,233, respectively. During 1995, the Company acquired a company which had a contingent lease agreement with respect to a portion of the land related to one of its solid waste landfills. Payments under this lease agreement are based upon 50% of the net cash receipts (as defined in the lease agreement) of the landfill and are payable monthly. For the year ended December 31, 1996 and 1995 the related lease expense totaled $751,000 and $243,000, respectively. The Company owns and operates a waste water sludge composting plant located in Springfield, Massachusetts. During 1992, the Company entered into a 20-year service agreement with the City of Springfield under which the Company treats sewage sludge generated at the Springfield Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility. While the Company carries a wide range of insurance coverage for the protection of the Company's assets and operations, the Company does not carry insurance coverage for environmental liability, except as described in the following sentence. The Company's insurance coverage for environmental liability is limited to (i) over-the-road environmental liability protection for the transportation of asbestos-containing material, (ii) contractor pollution liability insurance that relates to certain environmental services provided by the Company and (iii) certain other pollution liability insurance which is the equivalent to self-insurance because under the terms thereof the Company is required to fully reimburse the insurance company for any paid claims. In the event uninsured losses occur, the Company's net income and financial position could be materially adversely affected. On January 9, 1996, the Junker Landfill Trust sued the Company, Junker Sanitation Services, Inc., and United Waste Transfer, Inc., both of which are subsidiaries of the Company, and approximately 800 other parties in the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin, Case No. 96C-19S, for the contribution under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), as well as state common law, with respect to the Junker Landfill site in Hudson, Wisconsin. By order entered July 19, 1996, the court approved a consent decree which was signed by the Company and others with respect to this site. The Company's obligations under the consent decree are secured by, and limited to, certain indemnification rights which the Company has against the former owner of Junker Sanitation Services, Inc. A Settlement Agreement has been reached with the Plaintiff which involves no payment obligation on the part of Junker Sanitation Services, Inc., United Waste Systems, Inc., or United Waste Transfer, Inc. That settlement will become complete when the Court approves a second consent decree, which approval is expected at a hearing scheduled for April 29, 1997. On May 26, 1995, the Company sued Robert Foley and Matthew Parzych in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut, Case No. 3:95-CV-985. The defendants sold stock in certain Massachusetts corporations to the Company under an agreement dated April 1, 1992 (the "1992 agreement"). In the suit the Company seeks approximately $1,115,000 in cash and securities from an escrow account and additional amounts from defendants by reason of indemnity provisions contained in the 1992 agreement and confirmed in an agreement dated January 28, 1994 (the "1994 agreement"). The defendants have counterclaimed against the Company and its chief executive officer, seeking to invalidate the 1994 agreement primarily for alleged lack of consideration and economic duress, and to receive alleged damages and costs. The counterclaims for damages are primarily for alleged misrepresentations by the Company in connection with the 1992 agreement, and were asserted by defendants notwithstanding provisions in the 1994 agreement which generally released the Company from all claims. The Company intends vigorously to pursue its claims in this action and to seek dismissal of the counterclaims. In the opinion of management, this claim should not materially affect the financial position of the Company. In June 1996, Dale Lynch, Dennis Lynch and D.L. Lynch sued the Company, its chief executive officer and a subsidiary of the Company in the Circuit Court of Whitley County, Kentucky (Index No. 96 CI 00355). The subsidiary purchased the Tri-County landfill from the plaintiffs in 1991. The suit primarily seeks compensatory and punitive damages for alleged breach of contract and for allegedly fraudulent representations in connection with this purchase. The Company has filed a Counterclaim for breach of warranties and fraud. The Company has also sought indemnification for breach of warranties. In January 1997, the plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint, which seeks relief similar to that of their original Complaint. The Company intends to file a Motion to Dismiss seven of the eight counts in the Complaint, including the fraud count. The Company has served discovery requests and deposition notices on plaintiffs and intends to vigorously defend against plaintiffs' claims and prosecute its Counterclaim. In the opinion of management, this suit should not materially affect the financial position of the Company. In July 1996 the Company filed suit against H.A.M. Sanitary Landfill, Inc. and its shareholders. The suit is now pending in the Circuit Court for Monroe County, West Virginia, Civil Action No. 96-C-51. The Company, among other things, seeks to recover $1.8 million in advances which the Company made in connection with an agreement, since terminated, to purchase the H.A.M. Sanitary Landfill in West Virginia from the defendants, and to recover certain personal property. The defendants in September 1996 filed a counterclaim against the Company and a subsidiary which seeks compensatory and punitive damages for claims of alleged breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty under an alleged joint venture, unjust enrichment and fraud. The Company will vigorously prosecute its claim and defend against the counterclaim. In the opinion of management, the counterclaim should not materially affect the financial position of the Company. The Company accrues the costs for closure and postclosure monitoring over the life of its owned landfills and will pay out these costs over the next fifty years. Major components of these costs include closure cap construction, leachate treatment and groundwater monitoring. The Company accrues these costs utilizing engineering estimates based on current governmental regulations regarding closure requirements. The Company estimates that the aggregate liability for the closure, postclosure and remediation costs of its landfills owned at December 31, 1996 will be approximately $66.6 million. At December 31, 1996, the Company has approximately $49.5 million of these costs accrued and, therefore, has accrued approximately 74.3% of its estimated total costs to date. The Company monitors the availability of airspace at each of its landfills and the need to obtain permit modifications for approvals for expansion in order to continue operating these landfills. In order to develop and operate a landfill, a composting facility or transfer station, or other solid waste management facility, the Company typically must go through several governmental review processes and obtain one or more permits and often zoning or other land use approvals. Once obtained, operating permits generally must be periodically renewed and are subject to modification and revocation by the issuing agency. There can be no assurance that the Company will succeed in obtaining these permits, permit modifications or approvals. The Company has outstanding letters of credit with banks of approximately $61,311,000 at December 31, 1996. The letters of credit were obtained as collateral for the Company's Tax Exempt Bonds, self-fund insurance programs and as direct collateral to assure compliance with governmental sanitary landfill closure and post-closure obligations for landfills. Note 13 - Subsequent Events Subsequent to December 31, 1996, the Company completed the acquisition of 13 solid waste businesses - these businesses include one landfill, 12 collection operations and one transfer operation. These acquisitions were accounted for as purchases. Also, subsequent to December 31, 1996, the Company issued Common Stock for all of the outstanding stock of a solid waste business which includes one collection and one transfer operation. This transaction has been accounted for as a pooling-of-interests. The historical operations of this business are not material to the Company's consolidated operations and financial position and, therefore, no restatement of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements was necessary. During March 1997, the Company completed a public offering of 3,450,000 shares of its Common Stock. Net proceeds of the offering were approximately $119.3 million. Approximately $47.2 million of such proceeds have been used to reduce outstanding indebtedness under the Company's Credit Facility. At March 25, 1997, the Company has cash and cash equivalents of approximately $69.0 million. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Additions Charged Balance to at Costs Balance Beginning and at end of of Period Expenses Other(1) Deductions(2) Period Year ended December 31, 1996: Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 2,249,324 $1,713,711 $ 1,353,986 $2,240,834 $3,076,187 Year ended December 31, 1995: Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 1,949,479 $1,487,163 $ 244,048 $1,431,366 $2,249,324 Year ended December 31, 1994: Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 1,830,792 $1,032,149 $ 140,000 $1,053,462 $ 1,949,479
(1) Consists of reserves assumed through acquisitions in 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively. (2) Uncollectible accounts written-of, net of recoveries. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. PART III Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant The information set forth under the captions "Election of Directors" and "Compliance with Section 11(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934" in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its 1997 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, prior to April 30, 1997 (the "1997 Proxy Statement"), is incorporated herein by reference. Item 11. Executive and Director Compensation The information set forth under the captions "Executive and Director Compensation" and "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" in the 1997 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management The information set forth under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in the 1997 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions The information set forth under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in the 1997 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. PART IV Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statements and Schedule, and Reports on Form 8-K (a)(1) Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Auditors Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1996 and 1995 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (a)(2) Financial Statement Schedule Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Schedules other than those listed are omitted as they are not applicable or the required or equivalent information has been included in the financial statements or notes thereto. (a)(3) Exhibits Unless otherwise indicated, all exhibits are hereby incorporated by reference to United Waste Systems, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-1 Commission File No. 33-53488. Following the description of each exhibit that is incorporated by reference to such Registration Statement is a number in parenthesis. This number indicates the exhibit number by which such exhibit is identified in such Registration Statement. 3.1 Exhibit 3.1 - Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated October 31, 1991, as amended by (i) Certificate of Increase of Designated Number of Shares of Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred stock dated March 31, 1992, (ii) Certificate of Correction to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated April 30, 1992, (iii) Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation dated October 9, 1992, (iv) Certificate of Change of Location of Registered Office and Registered Agent dated January 28, 1993, (v) Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation dated August 31, 1993, and (vi) Certificate of Amendment to Certificate Incorporation dated June 12, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 Commission File No. 333-14489). 3.2 By-laws. (3.5) 4.1 Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of December 5, 1996 among United Waste Systems, Inc., various financial institutions, the First National Bank of Boston as co-agent and Bank of America Illinois, as agent. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99 to the Registrant's current report on Form 8-K dated December 5, 1996). 4.2 Mortgage, Loan and Trust Agreement dated as of August 1, 1989 among Massachusetts Industrial Finance Agency, Resource Control Composting, Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as trustee. (4.8) 4.3 Loan Agreement dated April 1, 1995 between Michigan Strategic Fund and United Waste Systems, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly period ended June 30, 1995). 4.4 Secured Note Agreement dated as of September 1, 1995, among the Registrant and various parties named therein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly period ended June 30, 1995). 4.5 Indenture dated June 5, 1996 between the Registrant and Bankers Trust Company, as Trustee. (Incorporate by reference to exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 1996). 4.6 Registration Rights Agreement dated June 5, 1996 between the Registrant and Goldman Sachs & Co. and others (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30 1996). 10.1+ 1992 Stock Option Plan. (10.1) 10.2+ 1992 Disinterested Director Stock Option Plan. (10.2) 10.3 Landfill Lease Agreement dated July 1, 1988 between the City of Lowell and Resource Control Inc., together with a form of amendment thereto dated July 1, 1992. (10.4) 10.4 Site Lease dated as of March 20, 1989 between the City of Springfield and Resource Control Composting, Inc. (10.5) 10.5 Solid Waste Disposal Services Agreement dated February 12, 1992 among the City of Fitchburg, the Town of Westminster and RCI Fitchburg, Inc. (10.6) 10.6+ Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated June 20, 1995 between United Waste Systems, Inc. and Bradley S. Jacobs. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 1995). 10.7+ Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated June 20, 1995 between United Waste Systems, Inc. and Edward T. Sheehan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 1995). 10.8+ Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated June 20, 1995 between United Waste Systems, Inc. and John N. Milne. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 1995). 10.9+ Employment Agreement dated September 27, 1991 between the registrant and Richard Volonino, together with an amendment thereto dated November 11, 1992. (10.11) 10.10+ Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated June 20, 1995 between United Waste Systems, Inc. and Michael J. Nolan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 1995). 10.11+ Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by the registrant with each of its officers and directors. (10.20) 10.12+ Agreement dated as of October 1, 1991 between the registrant and Bradley S. Jacobs. (10.21) 10.13+ Form of Warrant dated as of October 17, 1992 issued by the registrant to John N. Milne. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.25.1 to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, Commission File No. 33-70832) 10.14+ Form of Warrant dated as of October 17, 1993 issued by the registrant to John N. Milne. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.25.2 to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, Commission File No. 33-70832) 10.15 Landfill Lease Agreement dated May 6, 1983 by and between Antoinette Zielinski and Connecticut Valley Sanitary Waste Disposal, Inc., together with addendum. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 1995). 10.16 Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of June 13, 1991 among Ham Sanitary Landfill, Inc. MAH Equipment, Inc., Harry D. Humphrey, Jr., Ronald E. Mann, John H. Allen and Jacobs Landfill, Inc., together with a form of amendment thereto dated January, 1992. (10.69) 10.17 Merger Agreement dated September 25, 1992 among Kelly Run Sanitation, Inc., Marino Fiore, Margaret Fiore, Gary Fiore, Ralph Fiore and the registrant together with an amendment thereto dated November 12, 1992. (10.72) 10.18 Stock Purchase Agreement dated August 31, 1992 among K & W Landfill, Inc., Roska Route, Inc., Charles Kotlaris and United Waste Systems of Ontonagon, Inc., together with an amendment thereto dated November 4, 1992. (10.76) 10.19 Acquisition Agreement dated April 1, 1992 among the registrant, Robert P. Foley, Matthew J. Parzych, Resource Control, Inc., Martone Trucking, Inc., Standard Methods, Inc., Northeast Consultants, Inc., RCI Hudson, Inc., Resource Control Composting, Inc., RCI Clinton, Inc. and RCI Fitchburg, Inc. (10.77) 10.20 Second amendment to Merger Agreement dated September 25, 1992 among Kelly Run Sanitation, Inc., Marino Fiore, Margaret Fiore, Gary Fiore, Ralph Fiore and United Waste Systems, Inc. dated December 29, 1992. (Incorporated by reference to registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 18, 1992.) 10.21 Letter Agreement dated as of May 14, 1993, among United Waste of Northwest Michigan, Inc., Edmire Leasing, Inc., Ascione Development Company, Edward P. Ascione and Vida J. Ascione. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.87 to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 Commission File No. 33-70832) 10.22 Asset Purchase Agreement among United Waste Systems, Inc., United Waste of Northwest Michigan, Inc., Edmire Leasing, Inc., Michael A. Ascione, Edward G. Ascione, Renee A. Chwastek, Edward P. Ascione, and Vida J. Ascione (Incorporated by reference to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 1993) 10.23 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization among United Waste Systems, Inc., United Waste of Northwest Michigan, Inc., Northern A-1 Sanitation Services, Inc., Edward P. Ascione, Vida J. Ascione, Michael A. Ascione, Edward G. Ascione, and Renee A. Chwastek. (Incorporated by reference to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 1993) 10.24 Merger Agreement dated May 14, 1993, among United Waste Systems, Inc., Traverse Acquisition, Inc., Glen's Sanitary Landfill, Inc., G.S. And M.S., Inc., George R. Slater and Margaret E. Slater. (Incorporated by reference to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 14, 1993) 10.25 Merger Agreement dated May 14, 1993, among United Waste Systems, Inc., Holland Acquisition, Inc., West Michigan Disposal Company, George R. Slater and Margaret E. Slater. (Incorporated by reference to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 14, 1993) 10.26+* Amendment to 1992 Stock Option Plan. 10.27+* Amendment to 1992 Disinterested Director Stock Option Plan. 10.28 Form of Underwriting Agreement dated July 1995, between United Waste Systems, Inc., and Goldman, Sachs & Co. and Prudential Securities Incorporated as representatives of the several underwriters (Incorporated by reference to exhibit 1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 5, 1995). 10.29 Underwriting Agreement for common stock offering dated December 15, 1994. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 1.1 to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-3, Commission File No. 33-86380) 10.30+ Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated June 20, 1995 between United Waste Systems, Inc. and Robert P. Miner. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 1995). 10.31 Agreement dated as of September 29, 1995, among United Waste Systems, Inc., United Waste Systems of California, Inc. James M. Carroll, Sharon I. Carroll, Robert J. Carroll, David M. Carroll, Pamela R. Carroll Sheppard, James M. Sheppard and James M. and Sharon I. Carroll Revocable Trust and Silver Creek Investments. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 29, 1995). 10.32 Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of September 19, 1995, among United Waste Systems, Inc. and Partyka Resource Management Companies, Inc., Partyka Resource Management Company, J.F. Partyka & Son, Inc. Joseph F. Partyka Jr. and Emily L. Partyka. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 19, 1995, Items 2 and 7). 10.33 Underwriting Agreement dated as of May 31, 1996 among the Registrant, Goldman Sachs & Co. and the other underwriters named herein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30 1996). 10.34* Underwriting Agreement dated as of March 3, 1997 among the Registrant, Goldman, Sachs & Co. and other underwriters named herein. 11.1* Computation of Earnings Per Share. 12.1* Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges 21.1* Subsidiaries of the registrant 23.1* Consent of Ernst & Young LLP 27.1* Financial Data Schedule 99.1* Independent Auditors Report of Hanson Rotter & Green _______________________________________________ * These exhibits are filed herewith. + These exhibits are executive officer or director compensatory contracts or plans. (b) Reports on Form 8-K The following reports on Form 8-K were filed during the quarter ended December 31, 1996. (1) Form 8-K dated September 27, 1996, Item 5 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. Date: March 27, 1997 By: Michael J. Nolan Michael J. Nolan Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: Bradley S. Jacobs - -------------------- Bradley S. Jacobs Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) March 27, 1997 John N. Milne - -------------------- John N. Milne, Director March 27, 1997 G. Chris Andersen - -------------------- G. Chris Andersen, Director March 27,1997 Lawrence J. Twill, Sr. - -------------------- Lawrence J. Twill, Sr., Director March 27, 1997 Christian Weyer - -------------------- Christian Weyer, Director March 27, 1997 J. Bryan Williams, III - -------------------- J. Bryan Williams, III, Director March 27, 1997 Michael J. Nolan - -------------------- Michael J. Nolan, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) March 27, 1997 Sandra E. Welwood - -------------------- Sandra E. Welwood, Vice President Controller (principal accounting officer) March 27, 1997
EX-10.26 2 Exhibit 10.26 Amendment of United Waste Systems, Inc. 1992 Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") In order to reflect (i) a 2-for-1 stock split effected in 1996 and (ii) resolutions relating to the Plan duly adopted by the stockholders of United Waste Systems, Inc. (the "Company") at the Company's 1996 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the first sentence of Section 2 of the Plan is amended to read as follows: The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock which may be subject to Options shall not exceed 5,900,000. EX-10.27 3 Exhibit 10.27 Amendment of United Waste Systems, Inc. 1992 Disinterested Director Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") In order to reflect resolutions relating to the Plan duly adopted by the board of directors of United Waste Systems, Inc., the Plan is amended as follows: 1. The first sentence of Section 2 of the Plan is modified to read as follows: The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock which may be subject to Options shall not exceed 368,000. EX-10.34 4 United Waste Systems, Inc. Common Stock, par value $.001 per share Underwriting Agreement March 3, 1997 To the Representatives of the several Underwriters named in the respective Pricing Agreements hereinafter described. Ladies and Gentlemen: From time to time United Waste Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), proposes to enter into one or more Pricing Agreements (each a "Pricing Agreement") in the form of Annex I hereto, with such additions and deletions as the parties thereto may determine, and, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein and therein, to issue and sell to the firms named in Schedule I to the applicable Pricing Agreement (such firms constituting the "Underwriters" with respect to such Pricing Agreement and the securities specified therein) certain shares of its Common Stock, par value $.001 per share (the "Shares"), specified in Schedule II to such Pricing Agreement (with respect to such Pricing Agreement, the "Firm Shares"). If specified in such Pricing Agreement, the Company may grant to the Underwriters the right to purchase at their election an additional number of shares, specified in such Pricing Agreement as provided in Section 3 hereof (the "Optional Shares"). The Firm Shares and the Optional Shares, if any, which the Underwriters elect to purchase pursuant to Section 3 hereof are herein collectively called the "Designated Shares". The terms and rights of any particular issuance of Designated Shares shall be as specified in the Pricing Agreement relating thereto. 1. Particular sales of Designated Shares may be made from time to time to the Underwriters of such Shares, for whom the firms designated as representatives of the Underwriters of such Shares in the Pricing Agreement relating thereto will act as representatives (the "Representatives"). The term "Representatives" also refers to a single firm acting as sole representative of the Underwriters and to Underwriters who act without any firm being designated as their representative. This Underwriting Agreement shall not be construed as an obligation of the Company to sell any of the Shares or as an obligation of any of the Underwriters to purchase any of the Shares. The obligation of the Company to issue and sell any of the Shares and the obligation of any of the Underwriters to purchase any of the Shares shall be evidenced by the Pricing Agreement with respect to the Designated Shares specified therein. Each Pricing Agreement shall specify the aggregate number of the Firm Shares, the maximum number of Optional Shares, if any, the initial public offering price of such Firm and Optional Shares or the manner of determining such price, the purchase price to the Underwriters of such Designated Shares, the names of the Underwriters of such Designated Shares, the names of the Representatives of such Underwriters, the number of such Designated Shares to be purchased by each Underwriter and the commission, if any, payable to the Underwriters with respect thereto and shall set forth the date, time and manner of delivery of such Firm and Optional Shares, if any, and payment therefor. The Pricing Agreement shall also specify (to the extent not set forth in the registration statement and prospectus with respect thereto) the terms of such Designated Shares. A Pricing Agreement shall be in the form of an executed writing (which may be in counterparts), and may be evidenced by an exchange of telegraphic communications or any other rapid transmission device designed to produce a written record of communications transmitted. The obligations of the Underwriters under this Agreement and each Pricing Agreement shall be several and not joint. 2. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each of the Underwriters that: (a) A registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-19029) (the "Initial Registration Statement") in respect of the Shares has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"); the Initial Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, each in the form heretofore delivered or to be delivered to the Representatives and, excluding exhibits to such registration statement but including all documents incorporated by reference in the prospectus included therein, to the Representatives for each of the other Underwriters have been declared effective by the Commission in such form; other than a registration statement, if any, increasing the size of the offering (a "Rule 462(b) Registration Statement"), filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the " Securities Act"), which became effective upon filing, no other document with respect to the Initial Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto or the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, or document incorporated by reference therein has heretofore been filed, or transmitted for filing, with the Commission (other than prospectuses filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Securities Act, each in the form heretofore delivered to the Representatives); and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto or the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, has been issued and no proceeding for that purpose has been initiated or threatened by the Commission (any preliminary prospectus included in the Initial Registration Statement or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act, is hereinafter called a "Preliminary Prospectus"; the various parts of the Initial Registration Statement and the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, including all exhibits thereto and the documents incorporated by reference in the prospectus contained in the Initial Registration Statement at the time such part of the registration statement became effective or such part of the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, became or hereafter becomes effective, each as amended at the time such part of the registration statement became effective, are hereinafter collectively called the "Registration Statement"; the prospectus relating to the Shares, in the form in which it has most recently been filed, or transmitted for filing, with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Agreement, is hereinafter called the "Prospectus"; any reference herein to any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to the applicable form under the Securities Act, as of the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, as the case may be; any reference to any amendment or supplement to any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include any documents filed after the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, as the case may be, under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and incorporated by reference in such Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, as the case may be; any reference to any amendment to the Registration Statement shall be deemed to refer to and include any annual report of the Company filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the initial effective date of the Registration Statement that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement; and any reference to the Prospectus as amended or supplemented shall be deemed to refer to the Prospectus as amended or supplemented in relation to the applicable Designated Shares in the form in which it is filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act in accordance with Section 5(a) hereof, including any documents incorporated by reference therein as of the date of such filing); (b) The documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, when they became effective or were filed with the Commission, as the case may be, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, and none of such documents contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Prospectus or any further amendment or supplement thereto, when such documents become effective or are filed with the Commission, as the case may be, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by an Underwriter of Designated Shares through the Representatives expressly for use in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented relating to such Shares; (c) The Registration Statement and the Prospectus conform, and any further amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus will conform, in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and do not and will not, as of the applicable effective date as to the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto and as of the applicable filing date as to the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by an Underwriter of Designated Shares through the Representatives expressly for use in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented relating to such Shares; (d) The only subsidiaries (as defined in the rules and regulations under the Securities Act) of the Company are the subsidiaries listed on Annex II to this Agreement (the "subsidiaries") and certain inactive subsidiaries. Except for (i) any rights the Company may have relating to its former interest in Ham Sanitary Landfill, Inc. and MAH Equipment Corporation, (ii) the stock of the subsidiaries, (iii) an indirect 50% interest in TMM Transfer Stations and Landfills, L.T.D., an Israeli limited liability company, which itself holds a 50% interest in an Israeli limited partnership, (iv) a minority equity interest in VHG, Inc., which has the exclusive right to collect waste in a town in Minnesota, (v) long-term debt securities representing obligations not in excess of $500,000 in the aggregate, acquired by the Company as part of the assets of acquired businesses, and (vi) as disclosed in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, the Company does not own, and at any Time of Delivery (as defined herein) will not own, directly or indirectly, any shares of stock or any other equity or long-term debt securities of any corporation or have any equity interest in any firm, partnership, joint venture, association or other entity; (e) Subsequent to the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sustained any loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, which has had a material and adverse affect on the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, or the management, business, properties, business prospects, condition (financial or other) or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole (a "Material Adverse Effect"), other than as set forth in or contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented, there has not been (i) any declaration or payment of any dividends or other distributions with respect to the capital stock of the Company, (ii) any default in the payment of principal or interest on any material outstanding indebtedness of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (iii) any change in the capital stock of the Company other than pursuant to the exercise of options or warrants to acquire Shares outstanding on the date of this Agreement or the conversion into Shares of convertible debt outstanding on the date of this Agreement, or in the long-term debt or obligations under capital leases of the Company or any of its subsidiaries other than as a result of (A) additional long-term debt or capital lease obligations assumed by the Company in connection with acquisitions of businesses, properties or assets, (B) issuances of Shares expressly permitted by Section 5(d), (C) repayments of outstanding indebtedness under the Company's existing $190 million revolving credit facility with a bank syndicate led by The First National Bank of Boston and the Bank of America, Illinois (the "Credit Facility"), (D) net additional borrowings under the Credit Facility not exceeding $40 million, (E) repayments with respect to such capital leases, (F) scheduled repayments, when due, of other long-term indebtedness outstanding as set forth or incorporated in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented not to exceed $25 million in the aggregate or (G) conversion of convertible debt outstanding on the date of this Agreement, (iv) except as contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, any material adverse change, or a development known to the Company involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the management, business, prospects, condition (financial or otherwise), stockholders' equity, or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole or (v) any material transaction entered into by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, other than transactions in the ordinary course of business and changes and transactions contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. To the best knowledge of the Company, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any contingent obligations which are required to be disclosed and are not disclosed in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented which would be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect; (f) The Company and each of its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all properties and assets described in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as owned by them, in each case free and clear of all liens, charges, encumbrances or restrictions, except such liens, charges, encumbrances or restrictions as are described in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented or are not material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or do not and would not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has valid, subsisting and enforceable leases for the properties described in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as leased by it, with such exceptions as are not material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or do not and would not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such properties by the Company and such subsidiaries taken as a whole; (g) The Shares have been duly and validly authorized, and, when the Firm Shares are issued and delivered pursuant to this Agreement and the Pricing Agreement with respect to such Designated Shares and, in the case of any Optional Shares, pursuant to Over-allotment Options (as defined in Section 3 hereof) with respect to such Shares, such Designated Shares will be duly and validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable; the Shares conform to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement and the Designated Shares will conform to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented with respect to such Designated Shares; (h) The issue and sale of the Shares in the manner contemplated in this Agreement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, and the compliance by the Company with all of the provisions of this Agreement, any Pricing Agreement and each Over-allotment Option, if any, and the consummation of the transactions herein and therein contemplated will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the acceleration of any obligation under, any material indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject, nor will such action require any waiver, consent or approval under any such agreement or instrument, nor will such action result in any violation of the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws of the Company or any statute or any order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their properties; and no consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any such court or governmental agency or body is required for the issue and sale of the Shares or the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, any Pricing Agreement or any Over-allotment Option except for the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act, the qualification of the Shares for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market and such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may be required under state or foreign securities or Blue Sky laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters; (i) The statements set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented under the caption "Description of Preferred Stock", "Description of Common Stock" and "Description of Warrants" insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the capital stock of the Company, and the documents and laws therein described, and under the caption "Plan of Distribution" and "Underwriting", insofar as they purport to describe the provisions of the laws and documents referred to therein, are accurate in all material respects and do not omit any material fact; (j) Other than as set forth or contemplated in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented or to the extent not required to be included in or incorporated in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented: (i) the Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with all rules, laws and regulations relating to the generation, use, discharge, treatment, storage and disposal of pollutants, hazardous or toxic substances, land use and protection of health or the environment ("Environmental Requirements") which are applicable to their respective businesses, (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice from any governmental authority or third party of an asserted claim under Environmental Requirements, (iii) no property which is owned, leased or occupied by the Company or any of its subsidiaries has been included on a state inventory or list of contaminated sites which may require investigation and/or remediation that is similar to the list denominated as the "National Priority List" maintained by the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to the Comprehensive Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (42 U.S.C. Subsection 9601, et seq.). No property which is owned, leased or occupied by the Company or any of its subsidiaries has been listed as a Superfund site on such "National Priority List"; (k) The Company is not, and is not, directly or indirectly, controlled by, an investment company that is or is required to be registered under the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"); (l) None of the holders of outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company and no other person has or will have any preemptive or other rights to purchase, subscribe for or otherwise acquire (i) the Shares or any rights to such Shares or (ii) as a result of or in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, any other capital stock of the Company or rights thereto; and no holder of securities of the Company has rights, pursuant to any agreement with the Company or otherwise, to register such securities under any registration statement filed with the Commission except as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, except for (A) registration rights provided for in the Agreement identified as Exhibit 10-12 to the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 (the "Form 10-K") and in the registration rights agreement dated February 13, 1997 with D. Gibbson and B. Weddle and (B) registration rights, if any, granted by the Company in connection with any issuance of Shares permitted pursuant to Section 5(d) (it being understood that the Company has contractual obligations to maintain the effectiveness of various effective registration statements that the Company has heretofore filed pursuant to registration rights agreements with various holders of its securities); (m) Each of the directors and executive officers of the Company has entered into a written agreement with the Company in the form of Annex III hereto (each such agreement, a "Lock-up Agreement"), and executed originals of each Lock-up Agreement have been delivered to you; (n) The Company and each of its subsidiaries is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation. The Company and each of its subsidiaries has full corporate power and authority to conduct all the activities conducted by it, to own or lease all the assets owned or leased by it and to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. The Company and each of its subsidiaries is duly licensed or qualified to do business and in good standing as a foreign corporation in all jurisdictions in which the nature of the activities conducted by it or the character of the assets owned or leased by it makes such licensing or qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so licensed or qualified does not have a Material Adverse Effect. Complete and correct copies of the certificate of incorporation and of the by-laws of the Company and each of its subsidiaries and all amendments thereto have been delivered to, or have been made available for inspection by, the Representatives, and (except as contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented) no changes in the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the Company will be made subsequent to the date hereof and prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration of the Underwriters' overallotment option, or (ii) the Second Time of Delivery (as defined below); (o) The Company has authorized capital stock as set forth in or contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. The outstanding Shares have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and were not issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive or similar right. The Designated Securities, when issued and delivered pursuant to this Agreement, will be sold free and clear of any pledge, lien, security interest, encumbrance, claim or equitable interest and, at each Time of Delivery, will conform to the description of the Shares contained in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. No preemptive right, co-sale right, registration right, right of first refusal or other similar right of stockholders (in each case granted or agreed to by the Company or by which the Company is or may be bound), exists or will exist at any Time of Delivery with respect to any of the Shares, other than (A) registration rights provided for in the Agreement identified as Exhibit 10-12 to the Form 10-K and in the registration rights agreement dated February 13, 1997 with D. Gibbson and B. Weddle and (B) registration rights, if any, granted by the Company in connection with any issuance of Shares permitted pursuant to Section 5(d) hereof (it being understood that the Company has contractual obligations to maintain the effectiveness of various effective registration statements that the Company has heretofore filed pursuant to registration rights agreements with various holders of its securities). All issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable, and were not issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive right or other rights to subscribe for or purchase shares and, except as disclosed in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, are owned of record and beneficially by the Company free and clear of any pledge, lien, security interest, encumbrance, claim or equitable interest. The description of the Company's stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted and exercised thereunder, set forth in the Form 10-K accurately and fairly presents the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights. The description of the capital stock of the Company in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented is, and at each Time of Delivery will be, complete and accurate in all respects. Except as set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, except for options issued in the ordinary course after the date hereof under the Company's existing stock option plans and except as otherwise permitted by Section 5(d), the Company does not have outstanding, and at each Time of Delivery will not have outstanding, any options to purchase, or any rights or warrants to subscribe for, or any securities or obligations convertible into, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, any Shares, any shares of capital stock of any subsidiary or any such warrants, convertible securities or obligations; (p) The historical financial statements, selected financial information and related notes and schedules of the Company in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented present fairly the consolidated financial condition of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the respective dates thereof and the consolidated results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries for the respective periods covered thereby, all in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. All historical financial statements and schedules of the Company required to be included in the Form 10-K under the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder are included therein. Ernst & Young (the "Accountants"), who have reported on the historical financial statements and schedules, are independent accountants with respect to the Company as required by the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. No financial statements or schedules of any of the Company's subsidiaries are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Form 10-K. The condensed pro forma financial statements and related notes and schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented have been properly compiled in all material respects on the basis of the transactions and assumptions discussed therein, the pro forma adjustments to the historical figures have been properly applied to such figures and such pro forma presentations comply with the applicable accounting requirements of the Commission (it being understood that such pro forma financial statements have been prepared on an aggregate basis); (q) The Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; (r) Except as set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, there are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective officers in their capacity as such or of which any property of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is the subject, before or by any court, commission, regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental body, domestic or foreign, wherein an unfavorable ruling, decision or finding would have a Material Adverse Effect; (s) Except as set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, the Company and each of its subsidiaries has (i) all governmental licenses, franchises, permits, consents, orders, approvals and other authorizations (collectively, "permits") required in connection with its business as contemplated in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented (except where the failure to have any such permit would not be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect), (ii) fulfilled and performed all its material obligations with respect to such permits and no event has occurred which allows, or after notice or lapse of time would allow, revocation or termination thereof or would result in any other material impairment of the rights of the holder of any such permit, except where any such revocation or termination would not be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect, (iii) complied with all laws, regulations and orders applicable to it or its business, except where such noncompliance would not be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (iv) performed all its material obligations required to be performed by it, and is not, and at any Time of Delivery will not be, in default in any material respect, under any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, voting trust agreement, loan agreement, bond, debenture, note agreement, lease, contract or other agreement or instrument (collectively, a "contract or other agreement") to which it is a party or by which its property is bound or affected except for defaults that would not be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect, would not affect the validity of the Shares or affect the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Except as set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, to the best knowledge of the Company, no other party under any contract or other agreement to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party is in default in any respect thereunder, except for defaults that would not be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any provision of its certificate of incorporation or by-laws; (t) Each contract of the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is an exhibit to the Form 10-K has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company or such subsidiary and constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the Company or such subsidiary and is enforceable against the Company or such subsidiary in accordance with the terms thereof; (u) No statement, representation, warranty or covenant made by the Company in this Agreement or made in any certificate or document required by this Agreement to be delivered to the Underwriters was or will be, when made, inaccurate, untrue or incorrect in any material respect; (v) Neither the Company nor any of its directors, officers or, to the best knowledge of the Company, controlling persons has taken, directly or indirectly, any action intended, or which might reasonably be expected, to cause or result, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, in, or which has constituted, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares; (w) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is involved in any material labor dispute nor, to the knowledge of the Company, is any such dispute threatened; (x) The Company and its subsidiaries own, or are licensed or otherwise have the full right to use, all material trademarks and trade names which are used in or necessary for the conduct of the businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as described in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. The Company has not received any notice of, and does not otherwise have knowledge of, any claims that have been asserted by any person to the use of any such trademarks or trade names or challenging or questioning the validity or effectiveness of any such trademark or trade name. The use, in connection with the business and operations of the Company and its subsidiaries of such trademarks and trade names does not, to the Company's knowledge, infringe on the rights of any person; (y) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the best knowledge of the Company, any employee or agent of the Company or any subsidiary has made any payment of funds of the Company or any subsidiary or received or retained any funds in violation of any law, rule or regulation or of a character required to be disclosed in the Form 10-K and not so disclosed; (z) The Company and each of its subsidiaries has completed in accordance with applicable laws and tax accounting rules consistently applied and has filed all necessary federal, state and foreign income and franchise tax returns (subject to any applicable extensions for filing thereof) and has paid all taxes and assessments shown as due thereon; and the Company has no knowledge of any tax deficiency which has been asserted or threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries which could have a Material Adverse Effect. All tax liabilities are adequately provided for on the books of the Company and its subsidiaries in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (aa) The accounts receivable of the Company and each of its subsidiaries at December 31, 1996 arose in the ordinary course of business and represented bona fide claims against debtors for goods or services sold or provided to such debtors in accordance with valid purchase orders or instructions, and the Company knows of no reasonable basis on which any material amount of such accounts receivable could be disavowed by the debtors; (bb) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, since acquired by the Company, or, to the best knowledge of the Company, any subsidiary prior to being acquired by the Company, has directly or indirectly, at any time during the past five years (i) made any unlawful contribution to any candidate for political office, or failed to disclose fully any contribution in violation of law, or (ii) made any payment to any federal, state or foreign governmental official, or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duties, other than payments required or permitted by the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction thereof or applicable foreign jurisdictions; (cc) All documents delivered or to be delivered by the Company or any of its directors, officers or controlling persons with respect to the offering contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented to the Underwriters or any state securities law administrator in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares were on the dates on which they were delivered or will be on the dates on which they are delivered, true, complete and correct in all material respects (except to the extent that incorrect information was subsequently corrected prior to the date hereof); (dd) Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company and delivered to the Representatives or to counsel for the Underwriters shall be deemed a representation and warranty of the Company to the Underwriters as to the matters covered thereby. Any certificate delivered by the Company to its counsel for purposes of enabling such counsel to render the opinions referred to in Section 7 will also be furnished to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters and shall be deemed to be additional representations and warranties of the Company to the Underwriters as to the matters covered thereby; (ee) The Company believes that, except as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, the Company and its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are customary in the businesses in which they are engaged; and the Company does not have any reason to believe that it and its subsidiaries will not be able to renew existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue their respective businesses at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect, except that no representation and warranty is made pursuant to this Section 2(ee) with respect to environmental liability insurance; (ff) There is no information relating to future capital expenditures that the Company or any of its subsidiaries will be required to make with respect to their respective existing operations in order to comply with Environmental Requirements which is required to be described in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and is not so described; (gg) There are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees of indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company or any of the members of the families of any of them required to be disclosed in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented which are not so disclosed; 3. Upon the execution of the Pricing Agreement applicable to any Designated Shares and authorization by the Representatives of the release of the Firm Shares, the several Underwriters propose to offer the Firm Shares for sale upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. The Company may specify in the Pricing Agreement applicable to any Designated Shares that the Company thereby grants to the Underwriters the right (an "Overallotment Option") to purchase at their election up to the number of Optional Shares set forth in such Pricing Agreement, on the terms set forth in the paragraph above, for the sole purpose of covering over-allotments in the sale of the Firm Shares. Any such election to purchase Optional Shares may be exercised by written notice from the Representatives to the Company, given within a period specified in the Pricing Agreement, setting forth the aggregate number of Optional Shares to be purchased and the date on which such Optional Shares are to be delivered, as determined by the Representatives but in no event earlier than the First Time of Delivery (as defined in Section 4 hereof) or, unless the Representatives and the Company otherwise agree in writing, earlier than or later than the respective number of business days after the date of such notice set forth in such Pricing Agreement. The number of Optional Shares to be added to the number of Firm Shares to be purchased by each Underwriter as set forth in Schedule I to the Pricing Agreement applicable to such Designated Shares shall be, in each case, the number of Optional Shares which the Company has been advised by the Representatives have been attributed to such Underwriter; provided that, if the Company has not been so advised, the number of Optional Shares to be so added shall be, in each case, that proportion of Optional Shares which the number of Firm Shares to be purchased by such Underwriter under such Pricing Agreement bears to the aggregate number of Firm Shares (rounded as the Representatives may determine to the nearest 100 shares). The total number of Designated Shares to be purchased by all the Underwriters pursuant to such Pricing Agreement shall be the aggregate number of Firm Shares set forth in Schedule I to such Pricing Agreement plus the aggregate number of Optional Shares which the Underwriters elect to purchase. 4. Certificates for the Firm Shares and the Optional Shares to be purchased by each Underwriter pursuant to the Pricing Agreement relating thereto, in the form specified in such Pricing Agreement and in such authorized denominations and registered in such names as the Representatives may request upon at least forty-eight hours' prior notice to the Company, shall be delivered by or on behalf of the Company to the Representatives for the account of such Underwriter, against payment by such Underwriter or on its behalf of the purchase price therefor by certified or official bank check or checks, payable to the order of the Company in the funds specified in such Pricing Agreement, (i) with respect to the Firm Shares, all in the manner and at the place and time and date specified in such Pricing Agreement or at such other place and time and date as the Representatives and the Company may agree upon in writing, such time and date being herein called the "First Time of Delivery" and (ii) with respect to the Optional Shares, if any, in the manner and at the time and date specified by the Representatives in the written notice given by the Representatives of the Underwriters' election to purchase such Optional Shares, or at such other time and date as the Representatives and the Company may agree upon in writing, such time and date, if not the First Time of Delivery, herein called the "Second Time of Delivery". Each such time and date for delivery is herein called a "Time of Delivery". 5. The Company agrees with each of the Underwriters of any Designated Shares: (a) To prepare the Prospectus as amended and supplemented in relation to the applicable Designated Shares in a form approved by the Representatives and to file such Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act not later than the Commission's close of business on the second business day following the execution and delivery of the Pricing Agreement relating to the applicable Designated Shares or, if applicable, such earlier time as may be required by Rule 424(b); to make no further amendment or any supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus as amended or supplemented after the date of the Pricing Agreement relating to such Shares and prior to any Time of Delivery for such Shares which shall be reasonably disapproved by the Representatives for such Shares promptly after reasonable notice thereof (provided that the foregoing shall not apply to the filing of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996 after the First Time of Delivery) ; to advise the Representatives promptly of any such amendment or supplement after any Time of Delivery for such Shares and furnish the Representatives with copies thereof; to file promptly all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act for so long as the delivery of a prospectus is required in connection with the offering or sale of such Shares, and during such same period to advise the Representatives, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective or any supplement to the Prospectus or any amended Prospectus has been filed with the Commission, of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any prospectus relating to the Shares, of the suspension of the qualification of such Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information; and, in the event of the issuance of any such stop order or of any such order preventing or suspending the use of any prospectus relating to the Shares or suspending any such qualification, promptly to use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal of such order; (b) Prior to 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on the New York Business Day next succeeding the date of the Pricing Agreement, to furnish the Underwriters with copies of the Prospectus as amended or supplemented in New York City in such quantities as the Representatives may from time to time reasonably request, and, if the delivery of a prospectus is required at any time in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares and if at such time any event shall have occurred as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made when such Prospectus is delivered, not misleading, or, if for any other reason it shall be necessary during such same period to amend or supplement the Prospectus or to file under the Exchange Act any document incorporated by reference in the Prospectus in order to comply with the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, to notify the Representatives and upon their request to file such document and to prepare and furnish without charge to each Underwriter and to any dealer in securities as many copies as the Representatives may from time to time reasonably request of an amended Prospectus or a supplement to the Prospectus which will correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; (c) To make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than eighteen months after the effective date of the Registration Statement (as defined in Rule 158(c) under the Securities Act), an earnings statement of the Company and its subsidiaries (which need not be audited) complying with Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (including, at the option of the Company, Rule 158); (d) (i) During the period beginning from the date of the Pricing Agreement for such Designated Shares and continuing to and including the date 90 days after the date of such Pricing Agreement, not to offer, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of, or file a registration statement (except for a registration statement relating to the securities permitted to be issued pursuant to clauses (x), (y) or (z) below) with respect to, any Shares, any securities of the Company substantially similar to the Shares or any securities of the Company convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares or any such substantially similar securities (any such securities, a "Covered Security"), other than (x) pursuant to employee stock option plans existing as of the date hereof (as such plans may hereafter be amended with shareholder approval) or in connection with other employee incentive compensation arrangements consistent with past practice, or upon the exercise of options heretofore or hereafter granted pursuant to such plans or arrangements, (y) upon the conversion of convertible securities or exercise of warrants or options, in each case as outstanding on the date hereof, or (z) Shares or Covered Securities issued as consideration for acquisitions of businesses, properties or assets; and (ii) that it will use reasonable efforts to cause each person who has entered into a Lock-up Agreement to comply therewith, will not grant any waivers or consents to non-compliance therewith and will enforce its rights under each such agreement, in each case unless and to the extent that it shall have obtained the prior written consent of Goldman, Sachs & Co.; and (e) During a period of five years from the date of the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented with respect to the Designated Shares, to furnish to you, upon request, copies of all reports mailed to stockholders, together with the exhibits thereto, and copies of any reports filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange on which any class of securities of the Company is listed, together with the exhibits thereto. (f) If the Company elects to rely upon Rule 462(b), the Company shall file a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement with the Commission in compliance with Rule 462(b) by 10:00 P.M., Washington, D.C. time, on the date of the Pricing Agreement, and the Company shall at the time of filing either pay to the Commission the filing fee for the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or give irrevocable instructions for the payment of such fee pursuant to Rule 111(b) under the Securities Act. 6. The Company covenants and agrees with the several Underwriters that the Company will pay or cause to be paid the following: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company's counsel and accountants in connection with the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act and all other expenses in connection with the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus and amendments and supplements thereto and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriters and dealers; (ii) the cost of printing or producing (not including fees of counsel to the Underwriters) any Agreement among Underwriters, this Agreement, any Pricing Agreement, any Blue Sky Memorandum, closing documents (including compilations thereof) and any other documents in connection with the offering, purchase, sale and delivery of the Shares; (iii) the cost of preparing certificates for the Shares; (iv) the cost and charges of any transfer agent or registrar or dividend disbursing agent; and (v) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder and under any Over-allotment Options which are not otherwise specifically provided for in this Section. It is understood, however, that, except as provided in this Section, and Sections 8 and 11 hereof, the Underwriters will pay all of their own costs and expenses, including the fees of their counsel, transfer taxes on resale of any of the Shares by them, and any advertising expenses connected with any offers they may make. 7. The obligations of the Underwriters of any Designated Shares under the Pricing Agreement relating to such Designated Shares shall be subject, in the discretion of the Representatives, to the condition that all representations and warranties and other statements of the Company in or incorporated by reference in the Pricing Agreement relating to such Designated Shares are, at and as of each Time of Delivery for such Designated Shares, true and correct, the condition that the Company shall have performed all of its obligations hereunder theretofore to be performed, and the following additional conditions: (a) The Prospectus as amended or supplemented in relation to such Designated Shares shall have been filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by the rules and regulations under the Securities Act and in accordance with Section 5(a) hereof; if the Company has elected to rely upon Rule 462(b), the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall have become effective by 10:00 P.M., Washington, D.C. time, on the date of the Pricing Agreement; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and all requests for additional information on the part of the Commission shall have been complied with to the Representatives' reasonable satisfaction; (b) Sullivan & Cromwell, counsel for the Underwriters shall have furnished to the Representatives such opinion or opinions, dated each Time of Delivery for such Designated Shares, with respect to the incorporation of the Company, the Designated Shares, this Agreement and the Pricing Agreement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as well as such other related matters as the Representatives may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such papers and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters; (c) Ehrenreich & Krause, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to you their written opinion or opinions, dated such Time of Delivery, in form and substance satisfactory to you, to the effect set forth in Annex V; (d) Proskauer Rose Goetz & Mendelsohn LLP, special environmental counsel to the Company, shall have furnished to you their written opinion, dated such Time of Delivery, in form and substance satisfactory to you, to the effect set forth in Annex VI; (e) On the date of the Pricing Agreement for such Designated Shares and at each Time of Delivery for such Designated Shares, the independent accountants of the Company who have certified the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall have furnished to the Representatives a letter, dated the effective date of the Registration Statement or the date of the most recent report filed with the Commission containing financial statements and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, if the date of such report is later than such effective date, and a letter dated such Time of Delivery, respectively, to the effect set forth in Annex V hereto, and with respect to such letter dated such Time of Delivery, as to such other matters as the Representatives may reasonably request and in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives; (f) Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, (i) there shall not have been an adverse change in the general affairs, business, business prospects, properties, management, condition (financial or otherwise) or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, in each case other than as set forth in or contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, (ii) there shall not have been any change in the capital stock of the Company other than pursuant to the exercise of options or warrants to acquire Shares outstanding on the date of this Agreement or the conversion into Shares of convertible debt outstanding on the date of this Agreement or in the long-term debt, or obligations under capital leases, of the Company or any of its subsidiaries other than as a result of (A) additional long-term debt or capital lease obligations assumed by the Company in connection with acquisitions of businesses, properties or assets, (B) issuances of Shares expressly permitted by Section 5(d) hereof, (C) repayments of outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility, (D) additional net borrowings under the Credit Facility not exceeding $40 million, (E) repayments with respect to such capital leases, (F) scheduled repayments, when due, of other long-term indebtedness outstanding as set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, not to exceed $25 million in the aggregate, or (G) conversion of convertible debt outstanding on the date of this Agreement, and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall have sustained any loss or interference with its business or properties from fire, explosion, flood or other casualty, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or any court or legislative or other governmental action, order or decree, which is not set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, if in the judgment of the Representatives any such development makes it impracticable or inadvisable to consummate the sale and delivery of the Shares by the Underwriters on the terms and in the manner contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented; (g) Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented there shall have been no litigation or other proceeding instituted against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective officers or directors in their capacities as such, before or by any court, commission, regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental body, domestic or foreign, in which litigation or proceeding an unfavorable ruling, decision or finding would have a Material Adverse Effect; (h) On or after the date of the Pricing Agreement relating to the Designated Shares, (i) no downgrading shall have occurred in the rating accorded the Company's debt securities by any "nationally recognized statistical rating organization," as that term is defined by the Commission for purposes of Rule 436(g)(2) under the Securities Act and (ii) no such organization shall have publicly announced that it has under surveillance or review, with possible negative implications, its rating of any of the Company's debt securities; (i) On or after the date of the Pricing Agreement relating to the Designated Shares, there shall not have occurred any of the following: (i) a suspension or material limitation in trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange or on the Nasdaq National Market; (ii) a suspension or material limitation in trading in the Company's securities on the Nasdaq National Market; (iii) a general moratorium on commercial banking activities in New York declared by either Federal or New York State authorities; (iv) the outbreak or the escalation of hostilities involving the United States or the declaration by the United States, on or after the date hereof, of a national emergency or war; or (v) the occurrence of any change in national or international financial, political or economic conditions or currency exchange rates or controls, if the effect of any event specified in clause (iv) or (v) above, in the judgment of the Representatives, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering or the delivery of the Shares being issued at such Time of Delivery on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented; (j) There shall have occurred no breach of any Lock-up Agreement; (k) The Shares at each Time of Delivery shall have been duly listed for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market; (l) The Company shall have complied with the provisions of Section 5(b) hereof with respect to the furnishing of prospectuses on the New York Business Day next succeeding the date of the Pricing Agreement; and (m) The Company shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to the Representatives at each Time of Delivery for the Designated Shares certificates of officers of the Company satisfactory to the Representatives as to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company herein at and as of such Time of Delivery, as to the performance by the Company of all of its obligations hereunder to be performed at or prior to such Time of Delivery, as to the matters set forth in subsections (a), (f) and (g) of this Section and as to such other matters as the Representatives may reasonably request. 8. (a) The Company will indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Underwriter may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus supplement, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and any other prospectus relating to the Shares, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse each Underwriter for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Underwriter in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in any Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus supplement, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and any other prospectus relating to the Shares, or any such amendment or supplement, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter of Designated Shares through the Representatives expressly for use in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented relating to such Shares. (b) Each Underwriter will indemnify and hold harmless the Company against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus supplement, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and any other prospectus relating to the Shares, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in any Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus supplement, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and any other prospectus relating to the Shares, or any such amendment or supplement, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use therein; and will reimburse the Company for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred. (c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof; but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under such subsection. In case any such action shall be brought against any indemnified party and it shall notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying party), and, after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to such indemnified party under such subsection for any legal expenses of other counsel or any other expenses, in each case subsequently incurred by such indemnified party, in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation. No indemnifying party shall, without the written consent of the indemnified party, effect the settlement or compromise of, or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened action or claim in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not the indemnified party is an actual or potential party to such action or claim) unless such settlement, compromise or judgment (i) includes an unconditional release of the indemnified party from all liability arising out of such action or claim and (ii) does not include any statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of any indemnified party. An indemnifying party will not be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld). (d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 8 is unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters of the Designated Shares on the other from the offering of the Designated Shares to which such loss, claim, damage or liability (or action in respect thereof) relates. If, however, the allocation provided by the immediately preceding sentence is not permitted by applicable law or if the indemnified party failed to give the notice required under subsection (c) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to such amount paid or payable by such indemnified party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters of the Designated Shares on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof), as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and such Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from such offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Underwriters. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company on the one hand or such Underwriters on the other and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this subsection (d) were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this subsection (d). The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to above in this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the applicable Designated Shares underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The obligations of the Underwriters of Designated Shares in this subsection (d) to contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations with respect to such Shares and not joint. (e) The obligations of the Company under this Section 8 shall be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act; and the obligations of the Underwriters under this Section 8 shall be in addition to any liability which the respective Underwriters may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each officer and director of the Company and to each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act. 9. (a) If any Underwriter shall default in its obligation to purchase the Firm Shares or Optional Shares which it has agreed to purchase under the Pricing Agreement relating to such Shares, the Representatives may in their discretion arrange for themselves or another party or other parties to purchase such Shares on the terms contained herein. If within thirty-six hours after such default by any Underwriter the Representatives do not arrange for the purchase of such Firm Shares or Optional Shares, as the case may be, then the Company shall be entitled to a further period of thirty-six hours within which to procure another party or other parties satisfactory to the Representatives to purchase such Shares on such terms. In the event that, within the respective prescribed period, the Representatives notify the Company that they have so arranged for the purchase of such Shares, or the Company notifies the Representatives that it has so arranged for the purchase of such Shares, the Representatives or the Company shall have the right to postpone a Time of Delivery for such Shares for a period of not more than seven days, in order to effect whatever changes may thereby be made necessary in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, or in any other documents or arrangements, and the Company agrees to file promptly any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which in the reasonable opinion of the Representatives may thereby be made necessary. The term "Underwriter" as used in this Agreement shall include any person substituted under this Section with like effect as if such person had originally been a party to the Pricing Agreement with respect to such Designated Shares. (b) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Firm Shares or Optional Shares, as the case may be, of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the Representatives and the Company as provided in subsection (a) above, the aggregate number of such Shares which remains unpurchased does not exceed one-eleventh of the aggregate number of the Firm Shares or Optional Shares, as the case may be, to be purchased at the respective Time of Delivery, then the Company shall have the right to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase the number of Firm Shares or Optional Shares, as the case may be, which such Underwriter agreed to purchase under the Pricing Agreement relating to such Designated Shares and, in addition, to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase its pro rata share (based on the number of Firm Shares or Optional Shares, as the case may be, which such Underwriter agreed to purchase under such Pricing Agreement) of the Firm Shares or Optional Shares, as the case may be, of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default. (c) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Firm Shares or Optional Shares, as the case may be, of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the Representatives and the Company as provided in subsection (a) above, the aggregate number of Firm Shares or Optional Shares, as the case may be, which remains unpurchased exceeds one-eleventh of the aggregate number of the Firm Shares or Optional Shares, as the case may be, to be purchased at the respective Time of Delivery, as referred to in subsection (b) above, or if the Company shall not exercise the right described in subsection (b) above to require non-defaulting Underwriters to purchase Firm Shares or Optional Shares, as the case may be, of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then the Pricing Agreement relating to such Firm Shares or the Over-allotment Option relating to such Optional Shares, as the case may be, shall thereupon terminate, without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company, except for the expenses to be borne by the Company and the Underwriters as provided in Section 6 hereof and the indemnity and contribution agreements in Section 8 hereof; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default. 10. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company and the several Underwriters, as set forth in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of them, respectively, pursuant to this Agreement, shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation (or any statement as to the results thereof) made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any controlling person of any Underwriter, or the Company, or any officer or director or controlling person of the Company, and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Shares. 11. If any Pricing Agreement or Over-allotment Option shall be terminated pursuant to Section 9 hereof, the Company shall not then be under any liability to any Underwriter with respect to the Firm Shares or Optional Shares with respect to which such Pricing Agreement shall have been terminated except as provided in Sections 6 and 8 hereof; but, if any Pricing Agreement or Over-allotment Option shall be terminated by the Company pursuant to any other provision hereof or if the transactions contemplated hereby are not consummated by reason of any failure, refusal or inability of the Company to perform its obligations hereunder, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters through the Representatives for all out-of-pocket expenses approved in writing by the Representatives, including fees and disbursements of counsel, reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in making preparations for the purchase, sale and delivery of such Designated Shares, but the Company shall then be under no further liability to any Underwriter with respect to such Designated Shares except as provided in Sections 6 and 8 hereof. 12. In all dealings hereunder, the Representatives of the Underwriters of Designated Shares shall act on behalf of each of such Underwriters, and the parties hereto shall be entitled to act and rely upon any statement, request, notice or agreement on behalf of any Underwriter made or given by such Representatives jointly or by such of the Representatives, if any, as may be designated for such purpose in the Pricing Agreement. All statements, requests, notices and agreements hereunder shall be in writing, and if to the Underwriters shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to the address of the Representatives as set forth in the Pricing Agreement; and if to the Company shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to United Waste Systems, Inc., Four Greenwich Office Park, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830, Attention: Bradley S. Jacobs, facsimile transmission no. (203) 622-6080, with copies to Oscar Folger, Esq., 521 Fifth Avenue, 24th Floor, New York, New York 10175, facsimile transmission no. (212) 697-9570, and Ehrenreich & Krause, 1140 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036, Attention: Joseph Ehrenreich, Esq., facsimile transmission no. (212) 302-6154; provided, however, that any notice to an Underwriter pursuant to Section 8(c) hereof shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to such Underwriter at its address set forth in its Underwriters' Questionnaire, or telex constituting such Questionnaire, which address will be supplied to the Company by the Representatives upon request. Any such statements, requests, notices or agreements shall take effect upon receipt thereof. 13. This Agreement and each Pricing Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure solely to the benefit of, the Underwriters, the Company and, to the extent provided in Sections 8 and 10 hereof, the officers and directors of the Company and each person who controls the Company or any Underwriter, and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, and no other person shall acquire or have any right under or by virtue of this Agreement or any such Pricing Agreement. No purchaser of any of the Shares from any Underwriter shall be deemed a successor or assign by reason merely of such purchase. 14. Time shall be of the essence of each Pricing Agreement. As used herein, the term "business day" shall mean any day when the Commission's office in Washington, D.C. is open for business. 15. This Agreement and each Pricing Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. 16. This Agreement and each Pricing Agreement may be executed by any one or more of the parties hereto and thereto in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such respective counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument. Very truly yours, United Waste Systems, Inc. By: /s/ Michael J. Nolan Name: Michael J. Nolan Title: Chief Financial Officer ANNEX I Pricing Agreement [Name and Address of the Underwriters] , 19.. Ladies and Gentlemen: United Waste Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein and in the Underwriting Agreement, dated March 3, 1997 (the "Underwriting Agreement"), to issue and sell to the Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the "Underwriters") the Shares specified in Schedule II hereto (the "Designated Shares" consisting of Firm Shares and any Optional Shares the Underwriters may elect to purchase). Each of the provisions of the Underwriting Agreement is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and shall be deemed to be a part of this Agreement to the same extent as if such provisions had been set forth in full herein; and each of the representations and warranties set forth therein shall be deemed to have been made at and as of the date of this Pricing Agreement, except that each representation and warranty which refers to the Prospectus in Section 2 of the Underwriting Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation or warranty as of the date of the Underwriting Agreement in relation to the Prospectus (as therein defined), and also a representation and warranty as of the date of this Pricing Agreement in relation to the Prospectus as amended or supplemented relating to the Designated Shares which are the subject of this Pricing Agreement. Each reference to the Representatives herein and in the provisions of the Underwriting Agreement so incorporated by reference shall be deemed to refer to you. Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Underwriting Agreement are used herein as therein defined. The Representatives designated to act on behalf of the Representatives and on behalf of each of the Underwriters of the Designated Shares pursuant to Section 12 of the Underwriting Agreement and the address of the Representatives referred to in such Section 12 are set forth in Schedule II hereto. An amendment to the Registration Statement, or a supplement to the Prospectus, as the case may be, relating to the Designated Shares, in the form heretofore delivered to you is now proposed to be filed with the Commission. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the Underwriting Agreement incorporated herein by reference, (a) the Company agrees to issue and sell to each of the Underwriters, and each of the Underwriters agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company, at the time and place and at the purchase price to the Underwriters set forth in Schedule II hereto, the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I hereto and (b) in the event and to the extent that the Underwriters shall exercise the election to purchase Optional Shares, as provided below, the Company agrees to issue and sell to each of the Underwriters, and each of the Underwriters agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company at the purchase price to the Underwriters set forth in Schedule II hereto that portion of the number of Optional Shares as to which such election shall have been exercised. The Company hereby grants to each of the Underwriters the right to purchase at their election up to the number of Optional Shares set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I hereto on the terms referred to in the paragraph above for the sole purpose of covering over-allotments in the sale of the Firm Shares. Any such election to purchase Optional Shares may be exercised by written notice from the Representatives to the Company given within a period of 30 calendar days after the date of this Pricing Agreement, setting forth the aggregate number of Optional Shares to be purchased and the date on which such Optional Shares are to be delivered, as determined by the Representatives, but in no event earlier than the First Time of Delivery or, unless the Representatives and the Company otherwise agree in writing, no earlier than one or later than ten business days after the date of such notice. If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and return to us [one for the Company and one for each of the Representatives plus one for each counsel] counterparts hereof, and upon acceptance hereof by you, on behalf of each of the Underwriters, this letter and such acceptance hereof, including the provisions of the Underwriting Agreement incorporated herein by reference, shall constitute a binding agreement between each of the Underwriters and the Company. It is understood that your acceptance of this letter on behalf of each of the Underwriters is or will be pursuant to the authority set forth in a form of Agreement among Underwriters, the form of which shall be submitted to the Company for examination, upon request, but without warranty on the part of the Representatives as to the authority of the signers thereof. Very truly yours, United Waste Systems, Inc. By: Name: Title: Accepted as of the date hereof: [Names of Representatives] By: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Name: Title: On behalf of each of the Underwriters SCHEDULE I Maximum Number of Optional Number of Shares Which Firm Shares May be Underwriter to be Purchased Purchased [Names of Representatives] [Names of other Underwriters] Total SCHEDULE II Title of Designated Shares: Number of Designated Shares: Number of Firm Shares: Maximum Number of Optional Shares: Initial Offering Price to Public: [$........ per Share] [Formula] Purchase Price by Underwriters: [$........ per Share] [Formula] [Commission Payable to Underwriters: $........ per Share in [specify same form of funds as in Specified Funds below]] Form of Designated Shares: Definitive form, to be made available for checking [and packaging] at least twenty-four hours prior to the Time of Delivery at the office of [The Depository Trust Company or its designated custodian] [the Representatives] Specified Funds for Payment of Purchase Price: Wire transfer of same day funds Time of Delivery: ......... a.m. (New York City time), .................., 19.. Closing Location: Sullivan & Cromwell 125 Broad Street New York, New York 10004 Names and Addresses of Representatives: Designated Representatives: Address for Notices, etc.: [Other Terms] : ANNEX II Subsidiaries Those corporations which are indented represent subsidiaries of the corporation under which they are indented. Names State of Incorporation Able Sanitation, Inc. Michigan United Waste Sytems of Central Michigan, Inc. Michigan A-1 Transfer, Incorporated Colorado Estes Park Investments, Inc. Colorado M & S Investments, Inc. Colorado Anderson-Cottonwood Disposal Services, Inc. California C & L Disposal Co., Inc. California Colusa Solid Waste & Recycling, Inc. California Corning Disposal Service, Inc. California Nevada City Garbage Service, Inc. California Clayton-Ward Company, Inc. California Great Northern Sanitary, Inc. California S & L Total Waste Systems, Inc. Nevada Benson Brothers Disposal, Inc. New York Cannel Marina Corporation California Neal Road Landfill Corporation California Jolon Road Landfill Corporation California Cal Sanitation Services, Inc. California Portable Site Services, Inc. California CDF Consolidated Corporation Illinois Central Sanitary Landfill, Inc. Michigan Cheshire Sanitation, Inc. New Hampshire Colorado Waste Services, Inc. Colorado Commercial Disposal Co., Inc. Massachusetts Connecticut Valley Sanitary Waste Disposal, Inc. Massachusetts DSI of Shawano County, Inc. Wisconsin Dafter Sanitary Landfill, Inc. Michigan Dakota Resource Recovery, Inc. Minnesota Dietrich Sanitary Service, Inc. North Dakota Laurel Ridge Landfill, Inc. Kentucky G&W Disposal, Inc. Kentucky G&W Recycling, Inc. Kentucky Glen's Sanitary Landfill, Inc. Michigan HCS Sanitation, Inc. North Dakota Harland's Sanitary Landfill, Inc. Michigan Holyoke Sanitary Landfill, Inc. Massachusetts Jahner Sanitation, Inc. North Dakota Jones Sanitation, Inc. Kentucky K and W Landfill, Inc. Michigan Kelly Run Sanitation, Inc. Pennsylvania Ken's Pickup Service, Inc. Michigan Knutson Services, Inc. Minnesota Knutson Material Recovery Facility, Inc. Minnesota Landfill Systems, Inc. New Mexico Landfill Hauling Systems, Inc. New Mexico McDaniel Landfill, Inc. North Dakota Midwest Sanitation Service, Inc. North Dakota Northern A-1 Sanitation Services, Inc. Michigan Omega One Waste, Inc. Arizona PRTR, Inc. Massachusetts Pando Disposal Services Corporation Colorado Pak'M Roll-Off Services, Inc. Colorado Peninsula Sanitation, Inc. Michigan RCI Clinton, Inc. Massachusetts RCI Hudson, Inc. Massachusetts Re-Cy-Co, Inc. Minnesota Resource Control Composting, Inc. Massachusetts Resource Control, Inc. Massachusetts UWS Barre, Inc. Massachusetts Rhinelander Disposal Service, Inc. Wisconsin Roska Route, Inc. Michigan Saline County Landfill, Inc. Illinois Salinas Disposal Service, Inc. California Rural Dispos-All Service, Inc. California Lewis Road Disposal Site, Inc. California Johnson Canyon Road Disposal Site, Inc. California Madison Lane Properties, Inc. California Standard Methods, Inc. Massachusetts Suburban Sanitation Company Kentucky Tri-County Land Corp. Kentucky UWS Acquisition, Inc. Massachusetts UWS Surety, Inc. Vermont UWS of Rhode Island, Inc. Rhode Island United Landfill, Inc. West Virginia United Waste Systems, Inc. Minnesota United Waste Systems, Inc. Arizona Baker's Rural Sanitation, Inc. Colorado Burbridge Trash Service, Inc. Colorado United Waste Systems (Israel), Inc. Delaware United Waste Systems Leasing, Inc. Michigan United Waste Systems New Mexico, Inc. California United Waste Systems of California, Inc.California United Waste Systems of Corbin, Inc. Kentucky Tri-Country Sanitary Landfill, Inc.Kentucky United Waste Systems of Gardner, Inc. Massachusetts United Waste Systems of Grand Rapids, Inc. Michigan United Waste Systems of Iowa, Inc. Iowa Central Disposal Systems, Inc. Iowa Peterson Demolition, Inc. Minnesota United Waste Systems of Kentucky, Inc. Kentucky United Waste Systems of Massachusetts, Inc. Massachusetts United Waste Systems of Michigan, Inc. Michigan Michigan Environs, Inc. Michigan United Waste Systems of Minneapolis, Inc. Minnesota United Waste Systems of Minnesota, Inc. Minnesota Junker Sanitation Services, Inc. Minnesota Twin City Sanitation, Inc. Minnesota United Waste Systems of Mississippi, Inc. Mississippi Bosarge & Edmonds Contractors, Inc. Mississippi United Waste Systems of the Eastern UP, Inc. Michigan United Waste Systems of Trinity County, Inc. California United Waste Systems of West Virginia, Inc. Virginia United Waste Systems of West Virginia, Inc. West Virginia Disposal Service, Inc. West Virginia United Waste Transfer, Inc. Minnesota UWS Transport, Inc. Delaware Waste Control Systems, Inc. Minnesota West Michigan Disposal, Inc. Michigan Western Land Acquisition, Inc. Rhode Island Williams Landfill Inc. Kentucky Zenith/Kremer Waste Systems, Inc. Minnesota Zenith/Kremer Material Recovery, Inc. Minnesota Western U.P. Landfill, Inc. Michigan ANNEX III Form of Lock-up Agreement Dated as of March 2, 1997 United Waste Systems, Inc. Four Greenwich Office Park Greenwich, CT 06830 Goldman, Sachs & Co., 85 Broad Street, New York, New York 10004. Ladies and Gentlemen: United Waste Systems, Inc. (the "Company") proposes to issue and sell (the "Offering") certain shares of the Company's common stock, par value $.001 per share (the "Shares"). In connection with the Offering, the Company will enter into an underwriting agreement with Goldman, Sachs & Co. and possibly others (the "Underwriters"). The form, terms and conditions of this agreement, including the Underwriters' purchase price and the initial offering price, as well as the numbers and identities of the Underwriters, are to be determined by the Company and the Underwriters at a later date, and references herein to the "Underwriting Agreement" mean such document in the form in which it will eventually be executed and delivered by the parties thereto. The undersigned, to facilitate the marketing of the Shares and in consideration of the Company and the Underwriters entering into the Underwriting Agreement, hereby irrevocably confirms and agrees for the benefit of the Company and the Underwriters as follows: During the period beginning on and including the date hereof and continuing to and including the 90th day after the date of the Pricing Agreement relating to the Offering, the undersigned will not, directly or indirectly, publicly offer, sell, contract to sell, or otherwise publicly dispose of (which shall be deemed to include, without limitation, the entering into of any cash-settled derivative instrument) any Covered Securities (as defined below) without the prior written consent of Goldman, Sachs & Co. "Covered Securities" means any Shares, any securities of the Company which are substantially similar to the Shares and any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares or any such substantially similar securities, which Shares are, on the date hereof, or become, at any time hereafter, registered in the name of, or beneficially owned or controlled by, the undersigned. The agreements set forth herein will terminate immediately on the 90th day after the date hereof, unless the Underwriting Agreement has been executed and delivered by the parties thereto and the closing for any purchases of Shares by the Underwriters pursuant thereto has occurred prior to such date. Neither the Company nor any Underwriter makes any representations as to whether the Offering will be completed. Very truly yours, __________________________ Signature __________________________________ Print Name ANNEX IV Pursuant to Section 7(e) of the Underwriting Agreement, the independent public accountants shall furnish letters to the Underwriters to the effect that: (i) They are independent certified public accountants with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the meaning of the Securities Act and the applicable published rules and regulations thereunder; (ii) In their opinion, the financial statements and any supplementary financial information and schedules (and, if applicable, financial forecasts and/or pro forma financial information) examined by them and included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as amended or supplemented comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the related published rules and regulations thereunder; and, if applicable, they have made a review in accordance with standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants of the consolidated interim financial statements, selected financial data, pro forma financial information, financial forecasts and/or condensed financial statements derived from audited financial statements of the Company for the periods specified in such letter, as indicated in their reports thereon, copies of which have been [separately] furnished Representatives [and are attached hereto]; (iii) They have made a review in accordance with standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants of the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income, consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of cash flows included in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and/or included in the Company's quarterly reports on Form 10-Q incorporated by reference into the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as indicated in their reports thereon copies of which [have been separately furnished to the Representatives] [are attached hereto]; and on the basis of specified procedures including inquiries of officials of the Company who have responsibility for financial and accounting matters regarding whether the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements referred to in paragraph (vii)(A)(i) below comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the related published rules and regulations, nothing came to their attention that caused them to believe that the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the related published rules and regulations; (iv) The unaudited selected financial information with respect to the consolidated results of operations and financial position of the Company for the five most recent fiscal years included in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and included or incorporated by reference in Item 6 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recent fiscal year agrees with the corresponding amounts (after restatement where applicable) in the audited consolidated financial statements for such five fiscal years which were included or incorporated by reference in the Company's Annual Reports on Form 10-K for such fiscal years; (v) They have compared the information in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented under selected captions with the disclosure requirements of Regulation S-K and on the basis of limited procedures specified in such letter nothing came to their attention as a result of the foregoing procedures that caused them to believe that this information does not conform in all material respects with the disclosure requirements of items 301, 302, 402 and 503(d), respectively, of Regulation S-K; (vi) On the basis of limited procedures, not constituting an examination in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, consisting of a reading of the unaudited financial statements and other information referred to below, a reading of the latest available interim financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, inspection of the minute books of the Company and its subsidiaries since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, inquiries of officials of the Company and its subsidiaries responsible for financial and accounting matters and such other inquiries and procedures as may be specified in such letter, nothing came to their attention that caused them to believe that: (A) (i) the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income, consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of cash flows included in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and/or included or incorporated by reference in the Company's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented do not comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the Exchange Act and the related published rules and regulations, or (ii) any material modifications should be made to the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income, consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of cash flows included in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented or included in the Company's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, for them to be in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles; (B) any other unaudited income statement data and balance sheet items included in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented do not agree with the corresponding items in the unaudited consolidated financial statements from which such data and items were derived, and any such unaudited data and items were not determined on a basis substantially consistent with the basis for the corresponding amounts in the audited consolidated financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recent fiscal year; (C) the unaudited financial statements which were not included in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented but from which were derived the unaudited condensed financial statements referred to in clause (A) and any unaudited income statement data and balance sheet items included in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and referred to in Clause (B) were not determined on a basis substantially consistent with the basis for the audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recent fiscal year; (D) any unaudited pro forma consolidated condensed financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented do not comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the Securities Act and the published rules and regulations thereunder or the pro forma adjustments have not been properly applied to the historical amounts in the compilation of those statements; (E) as of a specified date not more than five days prior to the date of such letter, there have been any changes in the consolidated capital stock (other than issuances of capital stock upon exercise of options and stock appreciation rights, upon earn-outs of performance shares and upon conversions of convertible securities, in each case which were outstanding on the date of the latest balance sheet included or incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented) or any increase in the consolidated long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries, or any decreases in consolidated net current assets or stockholders' equity or other items specified by the Representatives, or any increases in any items specified by the Representatives, in each case as compared with amounts shown in the latest balance sheet included or incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, except in each case for changes, increases or decreases which the Prospectus as amended or supplemented discloses have occurred or may occur or which are described in such letter; and (F) for the period from the date of the latest financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented to the specified date referred to in Clause (E) there were any decreases in consolidated net revenues or income from operations or the total or per share amounts of consolidated net income or other items specified by the Representatives, or any increases in any items specified by the Representatives, in each case as compared with the comparable period of the preceding year and with any other period of corresponding length specified by the Representatives, except in each case for increases or decreases which the Prospectus as amended or supplemented discloses have occurred or may occur or which are described in such letter; and (vii) In addition to the examination referred to in their report(s) included or incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and the limited procedures, inspection of minute books, inquiries and other procedures referred to in paragraphs (iii) and (iv) above, they have carried out certain specified procedures, not constituting an examination in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, with respect to certain amounts, percentages and financial information specified by the Representatives which are derived from the general accounting records of the Company and its subsidiaries, which appear in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented (excluding documents incorporated by reference), or in Part II of, or in exhibits and schedules to, the Registration Statement specified by the Representatives or in documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented specified by the Representatives, and have compared certain of such amounts, percentages and financial information with the accounting records of the Company and its subsidiaries and have found them to be in agreement. All references in this Annex IV to the Prospectus as amended or supplemented shall be deemed to refer to the Prospectus as amended or supplemented (including the documents incorporated by reference therein) as defined in the Underwriting Agreement as of the date of the letter delivered on the date of the Pricing Agreement for purposes of such letter and to the Prospectus as amended or supplemented (including the documents incorporated by reference therein) in relation to the applicable Designated Shares for purposes of the letter delivered at the Time of Delivery for such Designated Shares. ANNEX V March 6, 1997 Goldman, Sachs & Co. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated Deutsche Morgan Grenfell Inc. As Representatives of the several Underwriters c/o Goldman, Sachs & Co. 85 Broad Street New York, New York 10004 Ladies and Gentlemen: We have acted as counsel to United Waste Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), in connection with the issue and sale to you of an aggregate of 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $.001 per share, of the Company (the "Shares"). This opinion is rendered pursuant to Section 7(c) of the Underwriting Agreement dated March 3, 1997 by and among the Company and you (the "Underwriting Agreement"). All capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein are defined as set forth in the Underwriting Agreement. As to various questions of fact material to our opinion, we have relied upon the representations made in the Underwriting Agreement, upon certificates of officers and upon certificates of public officials. With regard to the due incorporation of corporations other than the Company and the good standing of corporations (other than the Company), we have (subject to the next sentence) relied entirely upon certificates of public officials. With regard to the tax good standing of certain corporations (other than the Company), we have relied solely upon a certificate of an officer of such corporation to the effect that the corporation has filed the most recent annual report required by the law of such jurisdiction and that all franchise taxes required to be paid under such law have been paid. We have assumed that you have made payment in full for the Shares, as set forth in the Underwriting Agreement. We have also examined such corporate documents and records and other certificates, and have made such investigations of law, as we have deemed necessary in order to render the opinion hereinafter set forth. We have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of natural persons and the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies. We have also assumed that all documents examined by us have been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered by each of the parties thereto other than the Company. Based upon and subject to the foregoing, we render the following opinion: 1. The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with corporate power and authority to conduct its business and to own or lease all the assets owned or leased by it, in each case as described in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. 2. Each of the subsidiaries of the Company identified on Schedule I hereto has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, with corporate power and authority to conduct its business and to own or lease all the assets owned or leased by it, in each case as described in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. 3. Each of the Company and the subsidiaries of the Company identified on Schedule I hereto has been duly licensed or qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation under the laws of each jurisdiction (other than its jurisdiction of incorporation) in which the nature of the activities conducted by it or the character of the assets owned by it make such licensing or qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so licensed or qualified does not have a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. 4. The Company (or a subsidiary of the Company of which the Company is the sole record owner) is the sole record owner of the issued shares of capital stock of each of the subsidiaries of the Company identified on Schedule I hereto. 5. To the best of our knowledge, the Company has no subsidiaries (as such term is defined in the rules and regulations under the Securities Act), other than inactive subsidiaries, except as set forth in Schedule I hereto. 6. The authorized capital stock of the Company is as set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented under the captions "Description of Preferred Stock", "Description of Common Stock", "Description of Warrants" and "Capitalization". The information in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented under the caption "Capitalization" with respect to the number of shares of the Company's capital stock outstanding, and reserved for issuance upon the exercise or conversion of the Company's 4 1/2% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2001, is correct as of the dates indicated. The description of the Shares contained in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented conforms to the terms thereof contained in the Company's certificate of incorporation. 7. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock (including the Shares being delivered on the date hereof) of the Company have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and are not subject to any preemptive right arising by statute or under the Company's certificate of incorporation or by-laws or, to the best of our knowledge, any similar right. 8. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or governmental agency or body is required for the issue and sale by the Company of the Shares or the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement, except such as have been obtained under the Securities Act, the qualification of the Designated Shares for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market and such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may be required under state or foreign securities or Blue Sky laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters. 9. The statements set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented under the captions "Description of Preferred Stock", "Description of Common Stock" and "Description of Warrants", insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the Preferred Stock, Shares or Warrants described therein, are accurate summaries in all material respects of such terms. The statements set forth in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented under the caption "Plan of Distribution" and "Underwriting", insofar as they purport to constitute a summary or description of the provisions of the Underwriting Agreement and lock-up letters and laws, rules or regulations referred to therein, are accurate summaries or descriptions in all material respects of such provisions or such laws, rules or regulations. 10. The Company has full corporate power and authority to enter into the Underwriting Agreement, and the Underwriting Agreement has duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company. 11. The issue and sale of the Designated Shares being sold on the date hereof and the compliance by the Company with all of the provisions of the Underwriting Agreement and the consummation of the transactions therein contemplated do not and will not (A) violate the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (B) to the best of our knowledge, result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or give any other party a right to terminate any of its obligations under, or result in the acceleration of any obligation under, (i) any statute, rule or regulation of the State of New York or the United States of America or included in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (except that we express no opinion as to the securities or Blue Sky laws of any state), (ii) any material indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, voting trust agreement, loan agreement, bond, debenture, note agreement or other evidence of indebtedness, lease, contract or other agreement or instrument known to us to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties is bound or (iii) any judgment, decree or order of any court or other governmental agency or body known to us and by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties is bound or (C) to the best of our knowledge, result in the creation of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any agreement, instrument, judgment, decree or order referred to in clause (B)(ii) or (iii) above. 12. To the best of our knowledge, except as set forth in or contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, there are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or threatened before or by any federal or state court, commission, regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental body to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers as such is a party, or the subject of which is any of the property of any of the aforementioned entities which are required to be described in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and that are not described as so required. 13. To the best of our knowledge, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries identified on Schedule I hereto is in violation of its certificate of incorporation, by-laws or other charter documents. 14. To the best of our knowledge, except as set forth in or contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries identified on Schedule I hereto is (A) in default (nor has an event occurred which with notice or lapse of time or both would constitute a default) in the performance or observance of any obligation, covenant agreement or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, voting trust agreement, loan agreement, bond, debenture, note agreement or other evidence of indebtedness, lease, contract or other agreement known to us to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their properties may be bound, or (B) in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court or other governmental agency or body known to us and by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties is bound, which default referred to in clause (A) or violation referred to in clause (B) is required to be described in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented and is not described as so required or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or would affect the validity of the Shares. 15. The Company is not, and upon the issuance and sale of the Shares will not be, and will not be, directly or indirectly, controlled by, an investment company that is or is required to be registered under the Investment Company Act. 16. The reports filed by the Company pursuant to the Exchange Act, and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement (other than the financial statements and related schedules therein, as to which we express no opinion), when they were filed with the Commission, complied as to form in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder;. 17. The Designated Shares being sold on the date hereof have been duly authorized for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market. We have reviewed the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, participated in discussion with your representatives and those of the Company, its accountants and its other counsel. (We draw your attention to the fact that Proskauer Rose Goetz & Mendelsohn LLP has acted as special environmental counsel to the Company in connection with the preparation of the Prospectus as amended or supplemented.) Although we have not undertaken, except as otherwise indicated in this opinion, to investigate or verify independently, and, except for those portions of the Registration Statement referred to in the opinion in paragraphs (6) and (9), do not assume responsibility for, the accuracy, completeness or fairness of the statements contained in the Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, on the basis of the information that we gained in the course of the performance of such services and our representation of the Company, we confirm to you that nothing that came to our attention in the course of such review or representation has caused us to believe that: (i) the documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented (except that we express no view as to (i) financial statements, schedules and other financial data or (ii) as to statistical data reviewed by Proskauer Rose Goetz & Mendelsohn LLP in its capacity as special environmental counsel), when they became effective or were filed with the Commission, as the case may be, contained, in the case of a registration statement which became effective under the Securities Act, an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or, in the case of other documents which were filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act with the Commission, an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made when such documents were so filed, not misleading or (ii) the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, and any further amendments and supplements thereto made by the Company prior to the date and time of this opinion (except that we express no view as to (i) financial statements, schedules and other financial data or (ii) as to statistical data reviewed by Proskauer Rose Goetz & Mendelsohn LLP in its capacity as special environmental counsel), does not comply as to form in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder; or that, as of its effective date, the Registration Statement or any further amendment thereto made by the Company prior to the date and time of this opinion (except that we express no view as to (i) financial statements, schedules and other financial data or (ii) as to statistical data reviewed by Proskauer Rose Goetz & Mendelsohn LLP in its capacity as special environmental counsel) contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or that, as of its date, the Prospectus or the Prospectus as amended or supplemented with respect to the Designated Shares or any further amendment or supplement thereto made by the Company prior to the date and time of this opinion (except that we express no view as to (i) financial statements, schedules and other financial data or (ii) as to statistical data reviewed by Proskauer Rose Goetz & Mendelsohn LLP in its capacity as special environmental counsel) contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading or that, as of the date and time of this opinion, either the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as amended or supplemented or any further amendment or supplement thereto made by the Company prior to the date and time of this opinion (except that we express no view as to (i) financial statements, schedules and other financial data or (ii) as to statistical data reviewed by Proskauer Rose Goetz & Mendelsohn LLP in its capacity as special environmental counsel) contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or that any amendment to the Registration Statement required to be filed or any contracts or other documents of a character required to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or required to be incorporated by reference into the Prospectus as amended or supplemented or required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as amended or supplemented which has not been filed or incorporated by reference or described as required The opinions set forth herein are limited to the laws of the State of New York, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and the federal laws of the United States. This opinion is rendered to you and is solely for your benefit in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement. Except as contemplated by the Prospectus as amended or supplemented, this opinion may not be relied upon by you for any other purpose or furnished to, quoted or relied upon by any other person, firm or corporation for any purpose without our prior written consent. Very truly yours, EHRENREICH & KRAUSE By: A Member of the Firm ANNEX VI March 6, 1997 Goldman, Sachs & Co. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated Deutsche Morgan Grenfell Inc. As Representatives of the several Underwriters c/o Goldman, Sachs & Co. 85 Broad Street New York, New York 10004 Ladies and Gentlemen: We have acted as special environmental counsel to United Waste Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), in connection with the issue and sale to you of an aggregate of 3,000,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value $.001 per share (the "Shares"). This opinion is rendered pursuant to Section 7(d) of the Underwriting Agreement dated March 3, 1997 by and among the Company and you (the "Underwriting Agreement"). All capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein are defined as set forth in the Underwriting Agreement. As to various questions of fact material to our opinion, we have relied upon the representations made in the Underwriting Agreement, upon certificates of officers and upon certificates of public officials. We have also examined such documents and records and other certificates, and have made such investigations of law, as we have deemed necessary in order to render the opinion hereinafter set forth. We have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of natural persons and the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies. We have also assumed that all documents examined by us have been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered by each of the parties thereto other than the Company. We are aware that, in connection with the offering of the Shares, the Company has been represented generally by Ehrenreich & Krause. Based upon and subject to the foregoing, we render the following opinion: 1. The statements in the Prospectus as amended or supplemented relating to the Designated Shares or any further amendment or supplement thereto made by the Company prior to the date and time of this Opinion (the "Prospectus") under the caption, "Risk Factors" and the statements under the captions "Item 1. Business Industry Background", "Business Operations", "Business Environmental Regulations" and "Business Factors that May Influence Future Results and Accuracy of Forward-Looking Statements Environmental and Land Use Matters", in the first paragraph under the caption "Item 3. Legal Proceedings" in the Form 10-K, incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, in note 4 to the financial statements of the Company included in the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1996, and in note 4 to the financial statements of the Company included in the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1996, each as supplemented and modified in the Prospectus under the caption "Risk Factors", insofar as such statements purport to constitute a description of specific rules, laws and regulations relating to the generation, use, discharge, treatment, storage and disposal of pollutants, hazardous or toxic substances, land use and protection of health or the environment ("Environmental Requirements"), are accurate descriptions of the information contained therein. 2. To the best of our knowledge, except as set forth in or contemplated by the Prospectus, there are no actions, suits or proceedings pending, or threatened, before or by any federal or state court, commission, regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental body relating to Environmental Requirements to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective officers as such is a party, or the subject of which is any of the property of any of the aforementioned entities which are required to be described in the Prospectus and that are not described as so required. 3. To the best of our knowledge, except as set forth in or contemplated by the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any judgment, decree or order related to Environmental Requirements of any court or other governmental agency or body known to us and by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties is bound, which violation would have a Material Adverse Effect. We have participated in the preparation of the Prospectus Supplement, dated March 3, 1997, solely in our capacity as special environmental counsel to the Company. In this capacity and connection, nothing has come to our attention which has caused us to believe: (i) that, as of its effective date, the Registration Statement or any further amendment thereto made by the Company prior to the date and time of this Opinion (except that we express no view as to financial statements, schedules and other financial and statistical data, other than statistical data reviewed by us in our capacity as special environmental counsel, contained in the Registration Statement or the documents incorporated therein) contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or (ii) that either, as of its date and as of the date and time of this Opinion, the Prospectus or, as of the date and time of this Opinion, the Registration Statement (except that we express no view as to financial statements, schedules and other financial and statistical data, other than statistical data reviewed by us in our capacity as special environmental counsel, contained in the Prospectus, the Registration Statement or the documents incorporated therein) contained or contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The opinions set forth herein are limited to the laws of the State of New York and the federal laws of the United States. No opinion is expressed herein as to the laws of any jurisdiction outside the United States. This opinion is rendered to you and is solely for your benefit in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement. This opinion may not be relied upon by you for any other purpose or furnished to, quoted or relied upon by any other person, firm or corporation for any purpose without our prior written consent, except that it may be referred to in the Prospectus and in closing documents prepared in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement. Very truly yours, PROSKAUER ROSE GOETZ & MENDELSOHN LLP By: _________________________ A Member of the Firm EX-11.1 5 Exhibit 11.1 UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. STATEMENT REGARDING COMPUTATION OF PER SHARE EARNINGS Year Ended December 31, 1996 Primary: Net Income $ 35,029,512 Historical weighted average common shares outstanding 37,302,510 Dilution of common stock options and warrants (1) 2,641,205 Weighted average commmon shares outstanding 39,943,715 Earnings per common share $ .88 Fully Diluted: Net Income $ 35,029,512 Interest on convertible debt 2,250,000 Earnings available to stockholders $ 37,279,512 Historical weighted average common shares outstanding 37,302,510 Dilution of common stock options and warrants (1) 3,047,212 Assumed conversion of convertible debt 2,564,103 Weighted average commmon shares outstanding 42,913,825 Earnings per common share $ .87 UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. STATEMENT REGARDING COMPUTATION OF PER SHARE EARNINGS Year Ended December 31, 1995 Primary: Net Income available to common stock holders $ 26,457,583 Historical weighted average common shares outstanding 31,369,349 Dilution of common stock options and warrants (1) 2,600,902 Assumed conversion of convertible preferred stock 723,250 Weighted average commmon shares outstanding 34,693,501 Earnings per common share $ .77 Fully Diluted: Net Income $ 26,830,084 Historical weighted average common shares outstanding 31,369,349 Dilution of common stock options and warrants (1) 2,806,202 Assumed conversion of convertible preferred stock 723,250 Weighted average commmon shares outstanding 34,898,801 Earnings per common share $ .77 UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. STATEMENT REGARDING COMPUTATION OF PER SHARE EARNINGS Year Ended December 31, 1994 Primary: Net Income $ 18,944,926 Dividends on preferred stock (1,275,180) Earnings available to stockholders $ 17,669,746 Historical weighted average common shares outstanding 24,229,869 Dilution of common stock options and warrants (1) 1,846,552 Weighted average commmon shares outstanding 26,076,421 Earnings per common share $ .68 Fully Diluted: Net Income $ 18,944,926 Historical weighted average common shares outstanding 24,229,869 Dilution of common stock options and warrants (1) 12,441,830 Assume conversion of convertible preferred stock 2,481,990 Weighted average commmon shares outstanding 29,153,689 Earnings per common share $ .65 __________ (1) Based upon the treasury stock approach EX-12.1 6 Exhibit 12.1 UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES (UNAUDITED)
Years ended December 31, 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Pretax income from continuing operations $ 3,268,555 $ 16,485,591 $ 28,953,722 $43,609,343 $60,649,078 Fixed charges 3,309,877 5,179,058 7,335,587 11,713,791 17,383,361 Less: Capitalized interest (156,897) (301,000) (722,000) (1,349,000) (1,682,000) Amortization of previously capitalized interest 145,916 125,849 173,983 263,916 376,049 Total earnings $6,567,451 $ 21,489,498 $35,741,292 $ 54,238,050 $76,726,488 Interest expense $ 3,028,133 $ 4,705,363 $ 6,424,630 $ 10,061,290 $14,949,746 Interest capitalized 156,897 301,000 722,000 1,349,000 1,682,000 Amortization of debt issue costs 52,523 123,470 146,134 260,000 647,115 Interest portion of rental expense 72,324 49,225 42,823 43,501 104,500 Total fixed charges $ 3,309,877 $ 5,179,058 $ 7,335,587 $11,713,791 $17,383,361 Ratio of earnings to fixed charges 2.0 4.1 4.9 4.6 4.4
UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES - cont'd (UNAUDITED)
Years ended December 31, 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Preferred dividends 1,849,873 1,948,315 1,275,180 372,501 0 Total fixed charges and preferred dividends $5,159,750 $ 7,127,373 $8,610,767 $12,086,292 $17,383,361 Ratio of earnings to fixed charged and preferred dividends 1.3 3.0 4.2 4.5 4.4
EX-21.1 7 Exhibit 21.1 December 31, 1995 UNITED WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. These corporations are 100% owned by United Waste Systems, Inc. (the" Registrant"). Those corporations which are indented are 100% owned by its parent above. Name State of Incorporation Able Sanitation, Inc. Michigan United Waste Systems of Central Michigan, Inc. Michigan Benson Brothers Disposal, Inc. New York Carmel Marina Corporation California Neal Road Landfill Corporation California Jolon Road Landfill Corporation California Cal Sanitation Services, Inc. California Portable Site Services, Inc. California Connecticut Valley Sanitary Waste Disposal, Inc. Massachusetts Dakota Resource Recovery, Inc. Minnesota Laurel Ridge Landfill, Inc. Kentucky Glen's Sanitary Landfill, Inc. Michigan Harland's Sanitary Landfill, Inc. Michigan Holyoke Sanitary Landfill, Inc. Massachusetts K and W Landfill, Inc. Michigan Kelly Run Sanitation, Inc. Pennsylvania Ken's Pickup Service, Inc. Michigan Knutson Services, Inc. Minnesota Knutson Material Recovery Facility, Inc. Minnesota Northern A-1 Sanitation Services, Inc. Michigan PRTR, Inc. Massachusetts Peninsula Sanitation, Inc. Michigan RCI Clinton, Inc. Massachusetts RCI Fitchburg, Inc. Massachusetts RCI Hudson, Inc. Massachusetts Re-Cy-Co, Inc. Minnesota Resource Control Composting, Inc. Massachusetts Resource Control, Inc. Massachusetts Rhinelander Disposal Service, Inc. Wisconsin Roska Route, Inc. Michigan Standard Methods, Inc. Massachusetts Suburban Sanitation Company Kentucky Tri-County Land Corp. Kentucky UWS Acquisition, Inc. Massachusetts UWS Surety, Inc. Vermont United Landfill, Inc. West Virginia United Waste Systems (Israel), Inc. Delaware United Waste Systems of California, Inc. California United Waste Systems of Corbin, Inc. Kentucky Tri-County Sanitary Landfill, Inc. Kentucky United Waste Systems of Grand Rapids, Inc. Michigan United Waste Systems of Iowa, Inc. Iowa Central Disposal Systems, Inc. Iowa Peterson Demolition, Inc. Iowa United Waste Systems of Kentucky, Inc. Kentucky United Waste Systems of Massachusetts, Inc. Massachusetts United Waste Systems Hauling, Inc. Massachusetts United Waste Systems of Michigan, Inc. Michigan Michigan Environs, Inc. Michigan United Waste Systems of Minnesota, Inc. Minnesota Junker Sanitation Services, Inc. Minnesota Twin City Sanitation, Inc.Minnesota United Waste Systems of Mississippi, Inc. Mississippi Bosarge & Edmonds Contractors, Inc. Mississippi United Waste Systems of Virginia, Inc. Virginia United Waste Systems of West Virginia, Inc. West Virginia Disposal Service, Inc. West Virginia United Waste Transfer, Inc. Minnesota UWS Transport, Inc. Delaware Waste Control Systems, Inc. Minnesota West Michigan Disposal, Inc. Michigan Williams Landfill Inc. Kentucky Zenith/Kremer Waste Systems, Inc. Minnesota Zenith/Kremer Material Recovery, Inc. Minnesota A-1 Transfer, Inc. Colorado Estes Park Investments, Inc. Colorado M&S Investments, Inc. Colorado Andersen-Cottonwood Disposal Service, Inc. California Colusa Solid Waste Recycling, Inc. California Corning Disposal Service,Inc. California Nevada City Garbage Service, Inc. California Clayton Ward Company, Inc. California Great Northern Sanitary, Inc. California S&L Total Waste Systems, Inc. Nevada CDF Consolidated Corporation Illinois Central Sanitary Landfill, Inc.Michigan Cheshire Sanition, Inc. New Hampshire Colorado Waste Services, Inc. Colorado Wilson Leasing, Inc. Colorado Commercial Disposal Co., Inc. Massachusetts DSI of Shawano County, Inc. Wisconsin Dafter Sanitary Landfill, Inc.Michigan Dietrich Sanitary Service, Inc.North Dakota HCS Sanitation, Inc. North Dakota Jahner Sanitation, Inc. North Dakota Jones Sanitation, Inc. Kentucky Landfill Systems, Inc. New Mexico Landfill Hauling Systems, Inc.New Mexico McDaniel Landfill, Inc. North Dakota Midwest Sanitation Service,Inc. North Dakota Pando Disposal Services, Inc. Colorado Pak'M Roll-off Services, Inc. Colorado Salinas Disposal Service, Inc. California Rural Dispos-All Serivce, Inc. California Lewis Road Disposal Site, Inc.California Johnson Canyon Road Disposal Site, Inc. California Madison Lane Properties, Inc. California UWS Barre, Inc. Massachusetts UWS of Rhode Island, Inc. Rhode Island United Waste Systems, Inc. Minnesota United Waste Systems, Inc. Arizona Arizonia Reliable Services Company, Inc. Arizona Baker's Rural Sanitation, Inc. Colorado Burbridge Trash Service, Inc. Colorado United Waste Systems (Israel), Inc. Delaware United Waste Sytems Leasing, Inc. Michigan United Waste Systems New Mexico, Inc. New Mexico United Waste Systems of Gardner, Inc. Massachusetts United Waste Systems of Minneapolis, Inc. Minnesota United Waste Systems of Eastern UP, Inc. Michigan United Waste Systems of Trinity County, Inc. California Western Land Acquisition, Inc. Rhode Island EX-23.1 8 Exhibit 23.1 Consent of Independent Auditors We consent to the incorporation by reference in (i) the Registration Statements (Form S-3 Numbers: 33-74676; 33-62420; 33-83564; 33-90262; 33-91370; 33-95662; 33-98146; 33-80403; 333-1890; 333-07991; 333-11109; 333-13111; 333-14083; 333-18387; 333-19029; 333-19299; and 333-22825 and any amendments thereto) and the related Prospectuses and (ii) the Registration Statement (Form S-8 Numbers: 33-98794, 333-04294 and 333-14489 and any amendments thereto) and the related Prospectuses pertaining to the 1992 Stock Option Plan, Disinterested Director Stock Option Plan and the options granted outside of the above referenced plans under individual written compensation contracts with employees of United Waste Systems, Inc., of our report dated February 21, 1997 (except for Note 13, as to which the date is March 25, 1997) with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of United Waste Systems, Inc. included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Ernst & Young LLP MetroPark, New Jersey March 25, 1997 EX-27.1 9
5 YEAR DEC-31-1996 JAN-01-1996 DEC-31-1996 2,567,854 0 58,039,664 3,076,000 0 87,520,828 482,387,638 94,407,414 801,041,694 75,699,646 311,977,415 0 0 39,090 318,674,323 801,041,694 0 335,743,175 0 206,786,205 0 0 14,949,746 60,649,078 25,619,566 35,029,512 0 0 0 35,029,512 .88 .87
EX-99.1 10 Exhibit 99.1 November 21, 1995 To the Board of Directors and Owners of Carmel Marina Corporation and Affiliates Castroville, California INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT We have audited the accompanying combined balance sheet of Carmel Marina Corporation and Affiliates as of December 31, 1994 and the related combined statements of operations and owners' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companies' management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the combined financial position of Carmel Marina Corporation and Affiliates as of December 31, 1994, and the combined results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. As described in Notes 1 and 11 to the financial statements, the combined financial statements include certain companies and affiliated entities and properties, all of which have common ownership. In 1993 the reporting entity included only the accounts of Carmel Marina Corporation and Pacific Valley Disposal Corporation HANSON ROTTER GREEN CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
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