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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its majority‑owned subsidiaries and certain entities, which are consolidated in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) authoritative guidance on the consolidation of variable interest entities since it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of these entities.

Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior period financial statements to conform the Company’s consolidated income statements to how management analyzes its operations in the current period. These changes did not impact operating income. For the year ended December 31, 2013 the aggregate impact of the changes included an increase to termination and access fees of $14.4 million, a decrease to engineering and operations expenses of $11.0 million, an increase to sales and marketing expenses of $0.5 million, an increase to equipment expense of $0.1 million, and a decrease to general and administrative expenses of $4.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2014 the aggregate impact of the changes included an increase to termination and access fees of $13.7 million, a decrease to engineering and operations expenses of $9.3 million, an increase to sales and marketing expenses of $0.7 million and a decrease to general and administrative expenses of $5.1 million.

On September 20, 2013, the Federal Communications Commission announced its approval of the previously announced proposed sale of the Company’s U.S. retail wireless business operated under the Alltel name to AT&T for approximately $780.0 million in cash plus $16.8 million in working capital. The Company previously reported the operations of this business within its U.S. Wireless segment. As a result of that approval, the Company completed the sale of certain U.S. retail wireless assets on that date and recorded a gain of approximately $307.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2013. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, the Company recorded additional gains of $1.1 million relating to changes in certain estimates.

The operations of the Alltel business, which were previously included in the Company’s U.S. Wireless segment, have been classified as discontinued operations in all periods presented. The gain on the sale of the Alltel business is also included in discontinued operations. See Note 4 for additional information. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements relates only to our continuing operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of the Company’s fixed and finite‑lived intangible assets, allocation of purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in purchase business combinations, fair value of indefinite‑lived intangible assets, goodwill, the gain on sale of discontinued operations and income taxes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all investments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and temporary investments with banks and other institutions that it believes have a high credit quality. At December 31, 2015, the Company had deposits with banks in excess of FDIC insured limits and $50.7 million of its cash is on deposit with non‑insured institutions such as corporate money market issuers and cash held in foreign banks. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are not subject to any restrictions (see Note 9). As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, the Company held $1.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively, of its cash in Guyana dollars. While there are risks associated with the conversion of Guyana dollars to U.S. dollars due to limited liquidity in the Guyana foreign currency markets, to date it has not prevented the Company from converting Guyana dollars into U.S. dollars within a given three month period or from converting at a price that reasonably approximates the reported exchange rate.

Restricted Cash

Substantially all of the Company’s restricted cash balances were acquired as a part of the acquisition of Ahana Renewables as described in Note 3. The restricted cash is held in escrow and serves as collateral for Ahana Renewables’ debt in order to meet future debt service obligations and other operating obligations of the solar facilities.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for the estimated probable losses on uncollectible accounts receivable. The allowance is based upon a number of factors including the credit worthiness of customers, the Company’s historical experience with customers, the age of the receivable and current market and economic conditions. Such factors are reviewed and updated by the Company on a quarterly basis. Uncollectible amounts are charged against the allowance account.

Materials and Supplies

Materials and supplies primarily include handsets, customer premise equipment, cables and poles and are recorded at the lower of cost or market cost being determined on the basis of specific identification and market determined using replacement cost.

Fixed Assets

The Company’s fixed assets are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight‑line method generally between 3 and 39 years. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of fixed assets are capitalized. Repairs and replacements of minor items of property are charged to maintenance expense as incurred. The cost of fixed assets in service and under construction includes an allocation of indirect costs applicable to construction. Grants received for the construction of assets are recognized as a reduction of the cost of fixed assets, a reduction of depreciation expense over the useful lives of the assets and as a reduction of capital expenditures in the statements of cash flows.

The fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation is recorded in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, period‑to‑period changes in the liability for an asset retirement obligation resulting from the passage of time and revisions to either the timing or the amount of the original estimate of undiscounted cash flows are recognized. The increase in the carrying value of the associated long‑lived asset is depreciated over the corresponding estimated economic life. The consolidated balance sheets include accruals of $2.7 million and $3.0 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively, for estimated costs associated with asset retirement obligations.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance for the accounting for the impairment or disposal of long‑lived assets, the Company evaluates the carrying value of long‑lived assets, including property and equipment, in relation to the operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying business whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss exists when estimated undiscounted cash flows attributable to an asset are less than its carrying amount. If an asset is deemed to be impaired, the amount of the impairment loss recognized represents the excess of the asset’s carrying value as compared to its estimated fair value, based on management’s assumptions and projections.

Management’s estimate of the future cash flows attributable to its long‑lived assets and the fair value of its businesses involve significant uncertainty. Those estimates are based on management’s assumptions of future results, growth trends and industry conditions. If those estimates are not met, the Company could have additional impairment charges in the future, and the amounts may be material.

The Company determined that there was no impairment of its fixed assets in any of the three years ended December 31, 2015.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Indefinite‑Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill is the amount by which the cost of acquired net assets exceeded the fair value of those net assets on the date of acquisition. The Company allocates goodwill to reporting units at the time of acquisition and bases that allocation on which reporting units will benefit from the acquired assets and liabilities. Reporting units are defined as operating segments or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. The Company has determined that its reporting units are components of its multiple operating segments. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or more frequently when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired. If the book value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the implied fair value of goodwill is compared with the carrying amount of goodwill. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value, an impairment loss is recorded equal to that excess.

A significant majority of the Company’s telecommunications licenses are not amortized and are carried at their historical costs. The Company believes that telecommunications licenses generally have an indefinite life based on the historical ability to renew such licenses, that such renewals may be obtained indefinitely and at little cost, and that the related technology used is not expected to be replaced in the foreseeable future. The Company has elected to perform its annual testing of its telecommunications licenses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if events or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. If the value of these assets were impaired by some factor, such as an adverse change in the subsidiary’s operating market, the Company may be required to record an impairment charge. The impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of telecommunications licenses with their carrying amount on a license by license basis and as a part of the test the Company assesses the appropriateness of the application of the indefinite‑lived assertion.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, the Company performed its annual impairment assessment of its goodwill and indefinite‑lived intangible assets (telecommunications licenses) and determined that no impairment charge was required. See Note 8 for further details.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of entities accounted for using the purchase method of accounting are estimated by management based on the fair value of assets acquired. These include acquired customer relationships and trade names.

Customer relationships are amortized over their estimated lives of 12 years, which are based on the pattern in which economic benefit of the customer relationship is estimated to be realized.

Interest Rate Derivatives

As required by the authoritative guidance on accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities, the Company recorded all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company managed economic risks related to interest rates primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company entered into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arose from business activities that resulted in the payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which were determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments were used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings. As a result of the repayment of its variable rate debt on September 20, 2013, the Company terminated its derivative financial instruments during 2013. See Note 9 for further details.

Debt

Debt is measured at amortized cost. Debt discounts, representing the difference between the proceeds and the principal amount of debt, are amortized as interest expense in the consolidated income statements over the period of the debt on a straight‑line basis, which approximates the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs are capitalized as part of other assets in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized as interest expense in the consolidated income statements over the period of the debt on a straight‑line basis, which approximates the effective interest method. Except for interest costs incurred for the construction of a qualifying asset which are capitalized during the period the assets are prepared for their intended use, interest costs are expensed.

Non-Controlling Interests

Non‑Controlling Interests

The non‑controlling interests in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets reflect the original investments by the minority stockholders in GT&T, Commnet’s consolidated subsidiaries, Bermuda Digital Communications, Islandcom, Sovernet and its consolidated subsidiaries and Ahana Renewables, along with their proportional share of the earnings or losses, net of any distributions.

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), by component, were as follows (in thousands):


	Projected
	Pension
	Benefit		Translation
	Obligation		Adjustment		Total

Balance at December 31, 2013	$	(1,949)	$	(253)	$	(2,202)
Adjust funded status of pension plan, net of tax of $0.6 million		(723)		—		(723)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		4		4
Balance at December 31, 2014		(2,672)		(249)		(2,921)
Adjust funded status of pension plan, net of tax of $0.7 million		(809)		—		(809)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		26		26
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	(3,481)	$	(223)	$	(3,704)

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition- Telecommunications

Service revenues are primarily derived from providing access to and usage of the Company’s networks and facilities. Access revenues from postpaid customers are generally billed one month in advance and are recognized over the period that the corresponding service is rendered to customers. Revenues derived from usage of the Company’s networks, including airtime, roaming, long‑distance and Universal Service Fund revenues, are recognized when the services are provided and are included in unbilled revenues until billed to the customer. Prepaid airtime sold to customers is recorded as deferred revenue prior to the commencement of services and is recognized when the airtime is used or expires. The Company offers enhanced services including caller identification, call waiting, call forwarding, three‑way calling, voice mail, and text and picture messaging, as well as downloadable wireless data applications, including ringtones, music, games, and other informational content. Generally, these enhanced features generate additional service revenues through monthly subscription fees or increased usage through utilization of the features. Other optional services such as equipment protection plans may also be provided for a monthly fee and are either sold separately or bundled and included in packaged rate plans. Revenues from enhanced features and optional services are recognized when earned. Access and usage‑based services are billed throughout the month based on the bill cycle assigned to a particular customer. As a result of billing cycle cut‑off times, management must estimate service revenues earned but not yet billed at the end of each reporting period.

Sales of communications products including wireless handsets and accessories represent a separate earnings process and are recognized when the products are delivered to and accepted by customers. The Company accounts for transactions involving both the activation of service and the sale of equipment in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the accounting for revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables. Fees assessed to communications customers to activate service are not a separate unit of accounting and are allocated to the delivered item (equipment) and recognized as product sales to the extent that the aggregate proceeds received from the customer for the equipment and activation fee do not exceed the relative fair value of the equipment.

Wholesale revenues are those revenues generated from providing voice or data services to the customers of other wireless carriers principally through “roaming” agreements, and the revenue is recognized over the period that the service is rendered to customers.

Sales and use and state excise taxes collected from customers that are remitted to the governmental authorities are reported on a net basis and excluded from the revenues and sales.

Revenue Recognition-Renewable Energy

Revenue from the Company’s Renewable Energy segment is generated from the sale of electricity through long-term power purchase agreements (“PPA’s”) with various customers, or hosts, that range from 10 to 25 years. The Company, which is required to sell all generated power to the hosts, recognizes revenue from the PPA’s as electricity is generated and sold at contractual rates as defined within the respective PPA.

The Company’s Renewable Energy segment also generates revenue from the sale of Solar Renewable Energy Credits (“SRECs”). Revenue is recognized as SRECs are sold through long-term purchase agreeements at the contractual rate specified in the agreement.

Accounting for Grants

The Company has received funding from the U.S. Government and its agencies under Stimulus and Universal Service Fund programs. These funding programs are generally designed to fund telecommunications infrastructure expansion into rural or underserved areas of the United States. The funding programs are evaluated to determine if they represent funding related to capital expenditures (capital grants) or operating activities (income grants).

Funding received from Stimulus programs is on a cost‑reimbursement basis for capital expenditures incurred by the Company to expand its network and is considered a capital grant. Accordingly, reimbursements for eligible expenditures under the Stimulus programs are recorded as a reduction to property, plant and equipment on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, an investing cash inflow and a future reduction in depreciation expense in the consolidated income statements. The depreciable period for the grant is commensurate with the related assets which typically range from 5 to 20 years. As of December 31, 2015, the Company has spent $99.3 million in capital expenditures of which $73.9 million has been or will be funded by the Stimulus programs. Accordingly, funding received for capital expenditures from the Stimulus Programs is recorded as a reduction to property, plant and equipment on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, an investing cash inflow within capital expenditures and a future reduction in depreciation expense in the consolidated income statements. Funding received for operating costs is recorded as a reduction to the Company’s operating expenses in its consolidated statements of income and an operating cash inflow.

Funding received from Universal Service Fund programs is received over time for operating the Company’s network in certain rural geographical areas and is considered an income grant. Accordingly, such funding is recognized as operating cash inflows. Once services are provided, revenue is recognized in the Company’s consolidated income statements. During the year ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2015 the Company received approximately $3.9 million and $7.9 million, respectively, from the Universal Service Fund programs. Of these amounts, $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2015 were to support our U.S. Wireless business relating to high‑cost areas.

Funding received from the Mobility Fund, as further described in Note 11, is for the use of both capital expenditures and operating costs incurred by the Company. Accordingly, funding received for capital expenditures from the Mobility Fund is recorded as a reduction to property, plant and equipment on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, an investing cash inflow within capital expenditures and a future reduction in depreciation expense in the consolidated income statements. Funding received for operating costs is recorded as a reduction to the Company’s operating expenses in its consolidated income statements and an operating cash inflow.

Compliance with grant requirements is reviewed as of December 31, of each year to ensure that conditions related to grants have been met and there is reasonable assurance that the Company will be able to retain the grant proceeds and to ensure that any contingencies that may arise from not meeting the conditions are appropriately recognized.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax‑planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If the Company determines that it would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more‑likely‑than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related authority. It is possible that the ultimate resolution of these uncertain matters may be greater or less than the amount that the Company estimated. If payment of these amounts proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period in which it is determined that the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be more than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company does not provide for United States income taxes on earnings of foreign subsidiaries as such earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested.

As of December 31, 2014, the Company had deferred taxes that were classified as current and noncurrent assets and liabilities. The Company elected to prospectively adopt ASU 2015-17 as of December 31, 2015, thus reclassifying $3.9 million of current deferred tax assets and $0.2 million of current deferred tax liabilities to noncurrent on the accompanying consolidated December 31, 2015 balance sheet. The prior reporting period was not retrospectively adjusted. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s consolidated results of income and comprehensive income.

Credit Concentrations and Significant Customers

The Company has been historically dependent on a limited amount of customers for its wholesale roaming business. The following table indicates the percentage of revenues generated from a single customer that exceeds 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue in any of the past three years:


Customer	2013		2014		2015
Verizon	13	%	16	%	19	%
AT&T	18	%	26	%	17	%

No other customer accounted for more than 10% of consolidated revenue in any of the past three years.

The following table indicates the percentage of accounts receivable, from customers that exceed 10% of the Company’s consolidated accounts receivable, net of allowances, as of December 31, 2014 and 2015:


Customer	2014		2015
AT&T	47	%	17	%
Verizon	7	%	13	%

Foreign Currency Gains and Losses

With regard to the Company’s Guyana operations, for which the Guyana dollar is the functional currency, foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in determining net income. At each balance sheet date, balances denominated in foreign currencies are adjusted to reflect the current exchange rate. Beginning in 2013, the value of the Guyana Dollar increased from approximately G$205 to one U.S. Dollar to approximately G$210 to one U.S. Dollar. Accordingly, the Company recognized a nominal foreign currency loss during the year ended December 31, 2013 and $1.1 million gain on foreign currency exchanges during the year ended December 31, 2014. As of December 31, 2015 the exchange rate remained at G$210 to one U.S. Dollar.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

In accordance with the provisions of fair value accounting, a fair value measurement assumes that a transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.

The fair value measurement guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:


Level 1	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset and liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 1 assets and liabilities include money market funds, debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market.
Level 2	Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange‑traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes corporate obligations and non‑exchange traded derivative contracts.
Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments and intangible assets that have been impaired whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Assets and liabilities of the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are summarized as follows:


	December 31, 2014
			Significant Other
	Quoted Prices in		Observable
	Active Markets		Inputs
Description	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		Total
Certificates of deposit	$	—	$	363	$	363
Money market funds	$	1,493	$	—	$	1,493
Total assets measured at fair value	$	1,493	$	363	$	1,856


	December 31, 2015
			Significant Other
	Quoted Prices in		Observable
	Active Markets		Inputs
Description	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		Total
Certificates of deposit	$	—	$	377	$	377
Money market funds	$	76,263	$	—	$	76,263
Total assets measured at fair value	$	76,263	$	377	$	76,640

Certificate of Deposit

As of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2015, this asset class consisted of a time deposit at a financial institution denominated in U.S. dollars. The asset class is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value was based on observable market data.

Money Market Funds

As of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2015, this asset class consisted of a money market portfolio that comprises Federal government and U.S. Treasury securities. The asset class is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because its underlying investments are valued using quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets

Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. When deemed appropriate, the Company manages economic risks related to interest rates primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company entered into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arose from business activities that resulted in the payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which were determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments were used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings. The principal market in which the Company executes its foreign currency contracts is the institutional market in an over‑the‑counter environment with a relatively high level of price transparency. The market participants usually are large commercial banks.

As a result of the repayment of its variable rate debt on September 20, 2013, the Company terminated its interest rate derivatives.

Other Fair Value Disclosures

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these financial instruments.

The fair value of long-term debt is estimated using Level 2 inputs. At December 31, 2015, the fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was equal to its carrying amount of $32,860. At December 31, 2014, the fair value of the long-term debt, including the current portion, was equal to its carrying amount of $38,877.

Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to the Company’s stockholders by the weighted‑average number of common shares outstanding during the period and does not include any other potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income per share gives effect to all potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock method.

The reconciliation from basic to diluted weighted average common shares outstanding is as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2013	2014	2015
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding	15,704	15,898	16,022
Stock options	113	115	120
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding	15,817	16,013	16,142

The following notes the number of potential common shares not included in the above calculation because the effects of such were anti‑dilutive (in thousands of shares):


	For the Year Ended
	December 31,
	2013	2014	2015
Stock options	61	—	2
Total	61	—	2

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock‑Based Compensation

The Company applies the fair value recognition provisions of the authoritative guidance for the accounting for stock‑based compensation and is expensing the fair value of the grants of options to purchase common stock over their vesting period of four years. Relating to grants of options, the Company recognized $1.4 million, $0.9 million and $0.4 million of non‑cash, share‑based compensation expense during 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. See Note 12 for assumptions used to calculate the fair value of the options granted.

The Company also issued 100,902 restricted shares of common stock in 2013; 109,318 restricted shares of common stock in 2014 and 93,864 restricted shares of common stock in 2015. These shares are being charged to income based upon their fair values over their vesting period of four years. Non‑cash equity‑based compensation expense, related to the vesting of restricted shares issued was $3.1 million, $3.4 million and $4.3 million in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

In connection with the Ahana Acquisition, the Company issued shares of Ahana Renewables to Ahana Renewables' management and recorded $0.3 million of stock based compensation during 2015.

Stock‑based compensation expense is recognized within general and administrative expenses within the consolidated income statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-08, “Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity.” ASU 2014- 08 provides guidance on determining when disposals can be presented as discontinued operations. ASU 2014- 08 requires that only disposals representing a strategic shift in operations should be presented as discontinued operations. A strategic shift may include a disposal of a major line of business, major equity method investment or a major part of an entity. Additionally, ASU 2014- 08 requires expanded disclosures regarding discontinued operations. This standard was effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014. See note 5 for a discussion of the Company’s sale of certain assets and liabilities of its Turks and Caicos business.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. The revenue standard is based on the principle that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial application. On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the new standard's effective date by one year. The new standard is now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The FASB will permit companies to adopt the new standard early, but not before the original effective date of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the adoption method options and the impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs”, which amends the presentation of debt issuance costs on the consolidated balance sheet. Under the new guidance, debt issuance costs are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability rather than as an asset. The new guidance is effective retrospectively for fiscal periods starting after December 15, 2015 and early adoption is permitted. The Company expect to adopt ASU 2015-03 on January 1, 2016 and have determined that its adoption will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures at that time.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, “Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement”, which provides guidance about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes software and how to account for that software license. The new guidance does not change the accounting for a customer’s accounting for service contracts. The standard is effective beginning January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company does not expect ASU 2015-05 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, “Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments”, which provides updated guidance related to simplifying the accounting for measurement period adjustments related to business combinations. The amended guidance eliminates the requirement to retrospectively account for adjustments made during the measurement period. The standard is effective beginning January 1, 2016, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect ASU 2015-16 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-2, “Leases (Topic 842)”, which provides comprehensive lease accounting guidance. The standard requires entities to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet as well as disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-2 will become effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements.