Income Taxes |
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Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Taxes | Note 13. Income Taxes We are subject to U.S. federal, state and foreign corporate income taxes. The provision (benefit) for income taxes is based on income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes as follows (in thousands):
On a periodic basis, we reassess the valuation allowance on our deferred income tax assets. Valuation allowances require an assessment of both positive and negative evidence when determining whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets are recoverable. Such assessment is required on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we assessed the valuation allowance and considered positive evidence, including significant cumulative consolidated and U.S. income over the three years ended December 31, 2021, consistent growth in product revenues, and expectations regarding future profitability. We also assessed negative evidence, including the potential impact of competition, clinical failures and patent expirations on our projections. After assessing both the positive evidence and negative evidence, we determined it was more likely than not that the majority of our U.S. deferred tax assets would be realized in the future and released the associated valuation allowance as of December 31, 2021. This resulted in a benefit of $569.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, we maintained a valuation allowance of $472.1 million against a portion of our remaining U.S. deferred tax assets as well as select state and foreign deferred tax assets. Our provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):
A reconciliation of income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the provision (benefit) for income taxes is as follows (in thousands):
The foreign tax rate differential in the table above reflects the impact of operations in jurisdictions with tax rates that differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21%. Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets increased by approximately $63.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, decreased by approximately $522.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. The net valuation allowance increase during 2022 was primarily due to the generation of future deductible temporary differences mainly associated with U.S. research and development expenses required to be capitalized and amortized under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, as well as foreign net operating losses (“NOLs”), which are not more-likely-than-not to be realized as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, we had NOL carryforwards, research and development credit carryforwards and orphan drug tax credit carryforwards as follows (in thousands):
The financial statement recognition of the benefit for a tax position is dependent upon the benefit being more likely than not to be sustainable upon audit by the applicable taxing authority. If this threshold is met, the tax benefit is then measured and recognized at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If such unrecognized tax benefits were realized, we would recognize a tax benefit of $61.2 million. The following table summarizes the gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):
Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, as a component of income tax expense. During the years ending December 31, 2022 and 2021, we recorded interest and penalties as a component of income tax expense of $3.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively. We do not anticipate any significant changes to our unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months. We file U.S. federal, state and local income tax returns and income tax returns in various foreign jurisdictions, with statutes of limitation generally ranging from three to five years during which such tax returns may be audited by the relevant tax authorities. Those statutes could be extended due to NOL or tax credit carryforwards generated during these periods that are subsequently utilized in open tax periods. In general, tax authorities have the ability to adjust the NOL carryforward or tax credits for three years after utilization of that year’s tax attribute carryforward.
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