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Intangible Assets, net
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible Assets, net:
($ amounts in thousands)
 
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
(Successor)
 
(Successor)
 
Cost
Accumulated Amortization
Net
 
Cost
Accumulated Amortization
Net
Developed products (1)
$
957,166

$
(373,602
)
$
583,564

 
$
878,607

$
(204,218
)
$
674,389

Other product related royalty streams
115,600

(37,334
)
78,266

 
115,600

(22,709
)
92,891

IPR&D (2)
351,614


351,614

 
298,100


298,100

Trade names (3)
27,100

(118
)
26,982

 
26,400


26,400

Other
1,153

(826
)
327

 
1,000

(132
)
868

 
$
1,452,633

$
(411,880
)
$
1,040,753

 
$
1,319,707

$
(227,059
)
$
1,092,648



(1) Developed products include intangible assets related to commercial products as part of the Merger, subsequently developed IPR&D, products acquired from the Watson/Actavis Merger, and intangible assets related to commercial products as part of the Par Sterile Acquisition. These products are amortized based on its remaining useful life.
(2) IPR&D indefinite-lived assets include IPR&D as part of the Merger, IPR&D acquired from the Watson/Actavis Merger, and IPR&D acquired as part of the Par Sterile Acquisition.
(3) Trade names include Par and Par Sterile Acquisition related trade name. The Par Sterile Acquisition related trade name is being amortized over its useful life, while the Par trade name is treated as an indefinite-lived asset and is not amortized.

We recorded amortization expense related to intangible assets of approximately $184.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 (Successor), $184.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 (Successor), $42.8 million for the period September 29, 2012 to December 31, 2012 (Successor), and $31.2 million for the period January 1, 2012 to September 28, 2012 (Predecessor). After the Merger, amortization expense was included in cost of goods sold.

Intangible Asset Impairment
During the year ended December 31, 2014, we recorded intangible asset impairments totaling $146.9 million related to an adjustment to the forecasted operating results for two IPR&D intangible asset groups and eight Par Pharmaceutical segment products compared to their originally forecasted operating results at date of acquisition, inclusive of one discontinued product, one partially impaired product primarily due to the contract ending with the partner and a partially impaired IPR&D project from the Par Sterile Acquisition due to an adverse court ruling pertaining to related patent litigation. The estimated fair values of the assets were determined by completing updated discounted cash flow models. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded intangible asset impairments totaling approximately $100.1 million for IPR&D classes of products and projects that were evaluated as part of the annual evaluation of indefinite lived intangible assets, as well as five products not expected to achieve their originally forecasted operating results and we ceased selling a product that had been acquired with the divested products from the Watson/Actavis Merger. During the period from January 1, 2012 to September 28, 2012, we abandoned an in-process research and development project that was acquired in the Anchen Acquisition and recorded a corresponding intangible asset impairment of $2.0 million, and we exited the market of a commercial product that was acquired in the Anchen Acquisition and recorded a corresponding intangible asset impairment of $3.7 million.
Intangible assets presented in the Successor period are principally comprised of product related assets recognized at fair value in accordance with ASC 805 and are inclusive of assets that had previously been recognized in the Predecessor period and revalued as part of the Merger as well as assets initially recognized in connection with the Merger. Intangible assets presented in the Predecessor period are principally comprised of assets previously recognized at estimated fair value under ASC 805 as well as numerous asset acquisitions and acquisition of product and intellectual property rights recorded at cost. Intangible assets are amortized over the period in which the related cash flows are expected to be generated or on a straight-line basis over the products’ estimated useful life if the estimated cash flows method approximates straight-line basis. We evaluate all intangible assets for impairment whenever events or other changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may no longer be recoverable. Such evaluations utilize forecasted financial information. As of December 31, 2014, we believe our net intangible assets are recoverable. The intangible assets included on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 includes the following:
Intangible Assets Acquired in the Merger
We were acquired on September 28, 2012 through a merger transaction with Holdings. Refer to Note 2 - “Sky Growth Merger” for details of the transaction. As part of the Merger, we revalued intangible assets related to commercial products (developed technology), royalty streams, IPR&D, and our trade name.
The remaining net book value of the related intangible asset related to developed products will be amortized over a weighted average amortization period of approximately five years.
IPR&D is related to R&D projects that were incomplete at the Merger. There are 58 projects associated with IPR&D. Due to the nature of our generic product portfolio pipeline, individual products in the annual IPR&D groups are expected to launch within an annual time period or reasonably close thereto. When the first product of each annual IPR&D group launches, it is our policy to commence amortization of the entire annual group utilizing the related cash flows expected to be generated for the annual group. The remaining net book value of the related intangible asset associated with subsequently developed annual IPR&D groups will be amortized over a weighted average amortization period of approximately seven years.
Trade names constitute intellectual property rights and are marketing-related intangible assets. Our corporate trade name was valued using a relief from royalty method of the income approach and accounted for as an indefinite-lived intangible asset that will be subject to annual impairment testing or whenever events or changes in business circumstances necessitate an evaluation for impairment using a fair value approach.

Intangible Assets acquired with the Divested Products from the Watson/Actavis Merger
On November 6, 2012, we acquired the U.S. marketing rights to five generic products that were currently marketed by Watson or Actavis, as well as eight ANDAs currently awaiting regulatory approval and a generic product in late-stage development, in connection with the merger of Watson and Actavis. Refer to Note 4 - “Acquisition of Divested Products from the Watson/Actavis Merger” for details of the transaction.
The remaining net book value of the related intangible asset related to developed products will be amortized over a weighted average amortization period of approximately five years.
IPR&D consists of technology-related intangible assets used in research & development activities, which were incomplete at the time of the acquisition. Upon the successful completion and launch of a product in the group, we will make a separate determination of useful life of the related IPR&D intangible asset and commence amortization.
 
Intangible Assets acquired with the Par Sterile Acquisition
On February 20, 2014, we acquired intangible assets as part of the Par Sterile Acquisition. Refer to Note 3, "Par Sterile Acquisition," for further details. The intangible assets related to commercial products (developed technology), IPR&D, and the JHP trade name.
The fair value of the developed technology and in-process research and development intangible assets were estimated using the discounted cash flow method of the income approach. We believe that the level and timing of cash flows appropriately reflect market participant assumptions. Some of the significant assumptions inherent in the development of the identifiable intangible asset valuations, from the perspective of a market participant, include the estimated net cash flows by year by project or product (including net revenues, costs of sales, research and development costs, selling and marketing costs and other charges), the appropriate discount rate to select in order to measure the risk inherent in each future cash flow stream, the assessment of each asset's life cycle, competitive trends impacting the asset and each cash flow stream, and other factors.
Developed products are defined as products that are commercialized, all research and development efforts have been completed by the seller, and final regulatory approvals have been received. The developed product intangible assets are composite assets, comprising the market position of the product, the developed technology utilized, and the customer base to which the products are sold. Developed technology and the customer base were considered but have not been identified separately as any related cash flows would be very much intertwined with the product related intangibles. Developed products held by the Company are considered separable from the business as they could be sold to a third party. Developed products were valued using a multi-period excess earnings method under the income approach. The principle behind this method is that the value of the intangible asset is equal to the present value of the after-tax cash flows attributable to the intangible asset only. The remaining net book value of the related intangible asset related to developed products will be amortized over a weighted average amortization period of approximately nine years.
IPR&D is related to research & development projects that were incomplete at the time of the Par Sterile Acquisition. We grouped and valued IPR&D based on the projected year of launch for each group, with the exception of one project that was expected to produce large cash flows in the future and we valued this project by itself. IPR&D is considered separable from the business as it could be sold to a third party. The value of IPR&D was accounted for as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and will be subject to impairment testing until the completion or abandonment of each group. Upon the successful completion and launch of a product in a group, we will make a separate determination of useful life of the IPR&D intangible asset and commence amortization. This methodology resulted in six groups of IPR&D (2014 through 2018 plus a group with a single IPR&D project). When the first product of each IPR&D group launches, it is our policy to commence amortization of the entire group utilizing the related cash flows expected to be generated for the group. Due to the nature of our generic injectable product portfolio pipeline, individual products in the IPR&D groups are expected to launch within an annual time period or reasonably close thereto.
Trade names constitute intellectual property rights and are marketing-related intangible assets. The related trade name was valued using a relief from royalty method of the income approach and accounted for with a five year useful life based on expected utility. This asset will be subject to impairment testing whenever events or changes in business circumstances necessitate an evaluation for impairment using a fair value approach.

Estimated Amortization Expense for Existing Intangible Assets at December 31, 2014
The following table does not include estimated amortization expense for future milestone payments that may be paid and result in the creation of intangible assets after December 31, 2014 and assumes the intangible asset related to the Par trade name as an indefinite lived asset will not be amortized in the future.

($ amounts in thousands)
 
Estimated
Amortization
Expense
2015
155,188

2016
150,649

2017
170,569

2018
135,113

2019
112,770

2020 and thereafter
290,064

 

$1,014,353