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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of Equity Awards Activity
A summary of the equity awards available for future grants under the 2018 Plan is as follows:
Available for future grants as of December 31, 2018
3,789,800

Granted
(304,840
)
Available for future grants as of December 31, 2019
3,484,960



Schedule of Compensation Expense and Related Income Tax benefit
The compensation expense from the Company’s share-based compensation plans and associated income tax benefit, excluding the effects of excess tax benefits or shortfalls, were included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows (in millions):
 
Year Ended December 31,
Compensation costs and related income tax benefit
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Cost of sales
$
4

 
$
4

 
$
3

Selling and marketing
17

 
13

 
8

Research and development
16

 
15

 
11

General and administration
23

 
21

 
16

Total compensation expense
$
60

 
$
53

 
$
38

Income tax benefit
$
9

 
$
10

 
$
11


Summary of SARs Activity
A summary of the Company’s SARs outstanding is as follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
SARs
SARs
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise 
Price
 
SARs
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise 
Price
 
SARs
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise 
Price
Outstanding at beginning of year
1,261,185

 
$
75.71

 
1,817,991

 
$
65.73

 
1,740,786

 
$
56.15

Granted
70,141

 
205.12

 
88,042

 
149.75

 
402,029

 
98.87

Exercised
(395,015
)
 
66.82

 
(598,249
)
 
55.93

 
(250,326
)
 
48.66

Forfeited
(39,388
)
 
92.72

 
(46,161
)
 
80.41

 
(66,550
)
 
75.38

Expired

 

 
(438
)
 
108.20

 
(7,948
)
 
108.20

Outstanding at end of year
896,923

 
$
89.05

 
1,261,185

 
$
75.71

 
1,817,991

 
$
65.73

Exercisable at end of year
489,357

 
$
70.37

 
595,086

 
$
60.85

 
874,942

 
$
50.86


Weighted-Average Assumptions Used for Grants of SARs
The following table shows the weighted-average assumptions used for grants of SARs, as well as the fair value of the grants based on those assumptions:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Expected dividend yield
0%
 
0%
 
0%
Forfeiture rate
8.20%
 
8.40%
 
9.37%
Volatility
36.79%
 
35.93%
 
35.49%
Risk free interest rate
2.28%
 
2.96%
 
1.77%
Expected weighted-average life (in years)
4.02
 
4.11
 
4.13
Weighted-average grant date fair value of SARs granted
(per underlying share)
$64.17
 
$47.63
 
$29.86

Summary of Outstanding and Exercisable Options
The following table summarizes information about SARs outstanding as of December 31, 2019:
 
Outstanding
 
Exercisable         
Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
$
149

 
$
91

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years)
4.9

 
4.5


Summary of Restricted Stock Award Activity
A summary of information relative to the Company’s RSAs is as follows:
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Restricted Stock Awards
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of year
 
657,724

 
$
93.45

 
628,642

 
$
77.70

 
622,814

 
$
70.19

Granted
 
170,502

 
204.26

 
206,922

 
150.60

 
199,629

 
98.90

Released
 
(372,075
)
 
73.71

 
(154,878
)
 
107.22

 
(165,846
)
 
75.90

Forfeited
 
(21,510
)
 
141.29

 
(22,962
)
 
88.77

 
(27,955
)
 
72.81

Outstanding at end of year
 
434,641

 
$
151.52

 
657,724

 
$
93.45

 
628,642

 
$
77.70


Summary of Performance Share Award Activity A summary of information relative to the Company’s PSAs is as follows:
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Performance Share Awards
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of year
 
259,727

 
$
86.41

 
265,747

 
$
77.04

 
379,226

 
$
70.14

Granted
 
150,224

 
206.04

 
59,849

 
146.83

 
79,423

 
98.97

Released
 
(231,513
)
 
120.86

 
(57,074
)
 
107.31

 
(2,029
)
 
62.70

Forfeited
 
(7,689
)
 
102.42

 
(8,795
)
 
81.07

 
(190,873
)
 
73.09

Outstanding at end of year
 
170,749

 
$
144.47

 
259,727

 
$
86.41

 
265,747

 
$
77.04


Summary of Non-qualified Option Activity
A summary of the Company’s non-qualified options outstanding under the Company’s 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan is as follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Non-qualified Options
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
 
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
 
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year

 
$

 
15,705

 
$
26.34

 
154,551

 
$
35.96

Granted

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 
(15,705
)
 
26.34

 
(132,905
)
 
36.86

Forfeited

 

 

 

 

 

Expired

 

 

 

 
(5,941
)
 
41.25

Outstanding at end of year

 
$

 

 
$

 
15,705

 
$
26.34

Exercisable at end of year

 
$

 

 
$

 
15,705

 
$
26.34