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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Summary of Equity Awards Activity
A summary of the equity awards authorized and available for future grants under the 2018 Plan is as follows:
Available for future grants at December 31, 2017

Newly authorized options
3,800,000

Granted
(10,200
)
Cancellation and forfeitures

Plan termination

Available for future grants at December 31, 2018
3,789,800


A summary of the equity awards authorized and available for future grants under the 2015 Plan is as follows:
Available for future grants at December 31, 2017
1,437,435

Newly authorized options

Granted
(360,999
)
Cancellation and forfeitures

Plan termination
(1,076,436
)
Available for future grants at December 31, 2018

Schedule of Compensation Expense and Related Income Tax benefit
The compensation expense and related income tax benefit from the Company’s share-based compensation plans were included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows (in millions):
 
Year Ended December 31,
Compensation costs and related income tax benefit
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Cost of sales
$
4

 
$
3

 
$
2

Selling and marketing
13

 
8

 
6

Research and development
15

 
11

 
9

General and administration
21

 
16

 
11

Total compensation expense
$
53

 
$
38

 
$
28

Income tax benefit
$
10

 
$
11

 
$
9

Summary of SARs Activity
A summary of the Company’s SARs outstanding is as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
SARs
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise 
Price
 
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise 
Price
 
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise 
Price
Outstanding at beginning of year
1,817,991

 
$
65.73

 
1,740,786

 
$
56.15

 
1,397,611

 
$
56.78

Granted
88,042

 
149.75

 
402,029

 
98.87

 
627,971

 
52.13

Exercised
(598,249
)
 
55.93

 
(250,326
)
 
48.66

 
(160,946
)
 
35.37

Forfeited
(46,161
)
 
80.41

 
(66,550
)
 
75.38

 
(115,215
)
 
65.74

Expired
(438
)
 
108.20

 
(7,948
)
 
108.20

 
(8,635
)
 
88.65

Outstanding at end of year
1,261,185

 
$
75.71

 
1,817,991

 
$
65.73

 
1,740,786

 
$
56.15

Exercisable at end of year
595,086

 
$
60.85

 
874,942

 
$
50.86

 
828,754

 
$
45.14

Weighted-Average Assumptions Used for Grants of SARs
The following table shows the weighted-average assumptions used for grants of SARs, as well as the fair value of the grants based on those assumptions:
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Expected dividend yield
0%
 
0%
 
0%
Forfeiture rate
8.40%
 
9.37%
 
9.01%
Volatility
35.93%
 
35.49%
 
43.14%
Risk free interest rate
2.96%
 
1.77%
 
1.29%
Range of interest rates
1.68%-3.00%
 
0.71%-2.41%
 
0.25%-1.75%
Expected weighted-average life (in years)
4.11
 
4.13
 
5.33
Weighted-average grant date fair value of SARs granted
(per underlying share)
$47.63
 
$29.86
 
$20.18
Summary of Outstanding and Exercisable Options
The following table summarizes information about SARs outstanding as of December 31, 2018:
 
Outstanding
 
Exercisable         
Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions)
$
105

 
$
59

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years)
5.6

 
4.8

Summary of Restricted Stock Award Activity
A summary of information relative to the Company’s RSAs is as follows:
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Restricted Stock Awards
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of year
 
628,642

 
$
77.70

 
622,814

 
$
70.19

 
566,447

 
$
77.68

Granted
 
206,922

 
150.60

 
199,629

 
98.90

 
389,193

 
51.93

Released
 
(154,878
)
 
107.22

 
(165,846
)
 
75.90

 
(275,229
)
 
59.39

Forfeited
 
(22,962
)
 
88.77

 
(27,955
)
 
72.81

 
(57,597
)
 
70.50

Outstanding at end of year
 
657,724

 
$
93.45

 
628,642

 
$
77.70

 
622,814

 
$
70.19

Summary of Performance Share Award Activity
A summary of information relative to the Company’s PSAs is as follows:
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Performance Share Awards
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of year
 
265,747

 
$
77.04

 
379,226

 
$
70.14

 
332,630

 
$
73.40

Granted
 
59,849

 
146.83

 
79,423

 
98.97

 
172,024

 
51.01

Released
 
(57,074
)
 
107.31

 
(2,029
)
 
62.70

 
(111,325
)
 
46.58

Forfeited
 
(8,795
)
 
81.07

 
(190,873
)
 
73.09

 
(14,103
)
 
75.73

Outstanding at end of year
 
259,727

 
$
86.41

 
265,747

 
$
77.04

 
379,226

 
$
70.14

Summary of Non-qualified Option Activity
A summary of the Company’s non-qualified options outstanding under the 2006 Plan is as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Non-qualified Options
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
 
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
 
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year
15,705

 
$
26.34

 
154,551

 
$
35.96

 
204,434

 
$
36.66

Granted

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised
(15,705
)
 
26.34

 
(132,905
)
 
36.86

 
(47,393
)
 
38.60

Forfeited

 

 

 

 

 

Expired

 

 
(5,941
)
 
41.25

 
(2,490
)
 
43.35

Outstanding at end of year

 
$

 
15,705

 
$
26.34

 
154,551

 
$
35.96

Exercisable at end of year

 
$

 
15,705

 
$
26.34

 
154,551

 
$
35.96