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Note 1 - Organization, Nature of Business, Going Concern and Management's Plans
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Notes to Financial Statements  
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]
1.
ORGANIZATION, NATURE OF BUSINESS, GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT
'
S PLANS:
 
Organization and nature of business:
 
Bion Environmental Technologies, Inc.'s ("Bion," "Company," "We," "Us," or "Our") was incorporated in
1987
in the State of Colorado. Our patented and proprietary technology provides comprehensive environmental solutions to
one
of the greatest water air and water quality problems in the U.S. today: pollution from large-scale livestock production facilities (also known as “Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations” or “CAFOs").  Application of our technology and technology platform can simultaneously remediate environmental problems and improve operational/resource efficiencies by recovering value high-value co-products from the CAFOs' waste stream that have traditionally been wasted or underutilized, including renewable energy, nutrients (including ammonia nitrogen) and water.
 
From
2016
to
2021
fiscal years, the Company has focused a large portion of its activities on developing, testing and demonstrating the
3rd
generation of its technology and technology platform (
“3G
Tech”) with emphasis on increasing the efficiency of production of valuable co-products from the waste treatment process, including ammonia nitrogen in the form of organic ammonium bicarbonate products. The Company's initial ammonium bicarbonate liquid product completed its Organic Materials Review Institute (“OMRI”) application and review process with approval during
May 2020.
An application for our
first
solid ammonium bicarbonate product – AD Nitrogen – has been filed and is in the review process.
 
Bion is now focused primarily on: i) development/construction of its initial commercial-scale
3G
Tech installation, ii) developing applications and markets for its organic fertilizer products and its sustainable (conventional and organic) animal protein products, and iii) initiation and development of joint ventures (“JVs” as discussed below) (and related projects) based on the augmented capabilities of our
3G
Tech, while (iv) continuing to pursue development opportunities related to large retrofit projects (such as the Kreider poultry project JV described below) and ongoing R&D activities.
 
The
$175
billion U.S. livestock industry is under intense scrutiny for its environmental and public health impacts – its ‘environmental sustainability'-- at the same time it is struggling with declining revenues and margins (derived in part from clinging to its historic practices and resulting limitations and impacts) which threaten its ‘economic sustainability'. Its failure to adequately respond to consumer concerns ranging including food safety, environmental impacts, and humane treatment of animals have provided impetus for plant-based alternatives such as Beyond Meat and Impossible Burger (and many others) being marketed as “sustainable” alternatives for this growing consumer segment of the market.
 
The Company believes that its
3G
Tech, in addition to providing superior environmental remediation, creates opportunities for large scale production of i) verifiably sustainable-branded livestock products and ii) verifiably sustainable organic-branded livestock products that will command premium pricing (in part due to ongoing monitoring and
third
-party verification of environmental performance which will provide meaningful assurances to both consumers and regulatory agencies). Each of these
two
distinct market segments (which the Company intends to pursue in parallel) presents a large production/marketing opportunity for Bion. Our
3G
Tech will also produce (as co-products) biogas and valuable organic fertilizer products, which can be utilized in the production of organic grains for use as feed for raising organic livestock (some of which
may
be utilized in the Company's JV projects) and/or marketed to the growing organic fertilizer market.
 
During late
September 2021,
Bion entered into a lease for the development site of its initial commercial scale
3G
Tech project in
September 2021(
“Initial Project”), which Initial Project will be located on approximately
four
(
4
) acres of leased land near Fair Oaks, Indiana (See Note
14
). Terms for an additional related agreement regarding disposal of certain manure effluent have been agreed upon with the Curtis Creek Dairy unit of Fair Oaks Farms (“FOF”) and the Company expects the agreement to be finalized by the end of the
first
full week of
October 2021.
Design and pre-development work commenced during
August 2021
and preparation for active surveying, site engineering and other work is now underway.  The Initial Project will be an environmentally sustainable beef cattle feeding facility, equipped with state-of-the-art housing and Bion's
3G
-Tech platform to provide waste treatment and resource recovery. Bion has designed the project to house and feed approximately
300
head of beef cattle. The facility will include Bion's  
3G
Tech platform including: i) covered barns with solar pv generation, ii) anaerobic digestion for renewable energy recovery; iii) livestock waste treatment and resource recovery technology; iv) Bion's ammonium bicarbonate recovery and crystallization technology and iv) Bion's data collection software to document system efficiencies and environmental benefits (with the Bion
3G
Tech facilities capable of treating the waste from approximately
1,500
head). The facility will be large enough to demonstrate engineering capabilities at commercial scale, but small enough that it can be constructed and commissioned quickly, with operations targeted to commence sometime during the Spring of
2022.
This project is
not
being developed at economic commercial scale or with an expectation of profitability due to its limited scale. However, successful installation, commissioning, and operations will demonstrate scalability, determine operating parameters at scale, and provide ongoing production and engineering capabilities, all being critical steps that must be accomplished before developing large projects with JV partners.
 
More specifically, the Initial Project is being developed to provide and/or accomplish the following:
 
 
i.
Proof of
3G
Tech platform scalability
 
Document system efficiency and environmental benefits and enable final engineering modifications to optimize each unit process within the Bion
3G
technology platform. Environmental benefits will include (without limitation) renewable energy production (natural gas recovery from AD and solar electric from integrated roof top photovoltaic generation); nutrient recovery and conversion to stable organic fertilizer; pathogen destruction; water recovery and reuse; air emission reductions.
 
 
ii.
Use Bion's data collection system to support
3
rd
 party verified system efficiency requirement to qualify for USDA Process-Verified-Program (PVP): certification of sustainable branded beef ( and potentially pork) product metrics.
 
 
iii.
Produce sufficient ammonium bicarbonate nitrogen fertilizer (“AD Nitrogen”) for commercial testing by potential joint venture partners and/or purchasers and university growth trials.
 
 
iv.
Produce sustainable beef products for initial test marketing efforts.
 
Upon achieving optimized and steady-state operations at the Initial Project during
2022,
coupled with obtaining an OMRI listing for its AD Nitrogen product, Bion expects to be ready to move forward with its  plans for development of much larger facilities. The Company anticipates that discussions and negotiations regarding potential  JVs with strategic partners in the financial and   livestock industries  to develop large scale projects will commence during the construction of the Initial Project. Additionally, the Company believes there will also be opportunities to proceed with selected ‘retrofit projects' of existing facilities (see ‘Retrofit
3G
Tech Project: Kreider Poultry JV  below as an example).
 
Bion intends to move forward on its
one
of its primary commercial goals: establishing JV's for large scale projects that will produce both sustainable and sustainable-organic corn-fed beef. The products will be supported by a USDA PVP-certified sustainable brand that will, initially, highlight reductions in carbon and nutrient footprint, as well as pathogen reductions associated with foodborne illness and antibiotic resistance, along with the organic designation where appropriate. Bion has successfully navigated the USDA PVP application process previously, having received conditional approval of its
2G
Tech platform, pending resubmission and final site audits, and is confident it will be successful in qualifying its
3G
Tech platform.
 
Bion believes that substantial unmet demand currently exists– potentially very large – for ‘real' meat/ dairy/ egg products that offer the verifiable/believable sustainability consumers seek, but with the taste and texture they have come to expect from American beef and pork, dairy and poultry. Numerous studies demonstrate the U.S. consumers' preferences for sustainability. For example, 
2019
NYU Stern's Center for Sustainable Business study found that ‘products marketed as sustainable grew
5.6
times faster than those that were
not…'
and  that ‘…in more than
90
percent of consumer-packaged-goods (CPG) categories, sustainability-marketed products grew faster than their conventional counterparts.' Sales growth of plant-based alternatives, including both dairy and more recently ground meat (Beyond Meat, Impossible Foods, etc.) have shown that a certain segment of consumers are choosing seemingly sustainable offering, and are also willing to pay a premium for it. Numerous studies also support the consumers' ‘willingness-to-pay' (WTP) for sustainable choices, including a recent meta-analysis of
80
worldwide studies with results that calculate the overall WTP premium for sustainability is
29.5
percent on average .
 
As
one
of the largest contributors to some of the greatest air and water quality problems in America, it is clear that livestock waste cleanup, at scale, represents
one
of the greatest opportunities we have to reduce negative environmental impacts of the food supply chain on air and water quality. Bion's
3G
Tech platform, along with its business model, enables the cleanup of the ‘dirtiest' part of the food supply chain: animal protein production and creates the opportunity to produce and market verifiably sustainable organic and conventional ‘real meat' products that can participate in the growth and premium pricing that appears to be readily available for the ‘right' products.
 
Bion believes the at least a premium segment of the US beef industry (and potentially other livestock industry groups) is at the doorstep of a transformative opportunity to address the growing demand for sustainable food product offerings, while pushing back against today's anti-meat messaging. At
$66
billion/year (
2021
retail value), the beef industry is a fragmented, commodity industry whose practices date back decades. In
1935
inflation-adjusted terms, beef is
63%
more expensive today, while pork and chicken, which are now primarily raised in covered barns, at CAFOs with highly integrated supply chains, are
12%
and
62%
cheaper, respectively. In recent years, the beef industry has come under increasing fire from advocacy groups, regulatory agencies, institutional investors, and ultimately, their own consumers, over concerns that include climate change, water pollution, food safety, and the treatment of animals and workers.
 
Advocacy groups targeting livestock and the beef industry have recently been joined by competitors that produce animal protein alternatives in seeking to exploit the industry's environmental and economic weaknesses. Their global anti-meat messaging has had a substantial chilling effect on the relationships the beef industry has with its institutional investors; retail distributors, such as fast-food restaurants; and mostly, its consumers. Led by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, a coordinated anti-meat messaging campaign has targeted consumers worldwide, primarily focused on the industry's impacts on climate change. Meat alternatives, especially plant-based protein producers like Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods, are being heavily promoted by themselves and the media, and have enjoyed steady sales growth. A
2018
NielsenIQ Homescan survey last year found that
39%
of Americans are actively trying to eat more plant-based foods. Some of the recent growth in plant-based proteins results from increasing lactose intolerance and other health concerns; however, most of that growth is attributed to consumers' growing concerns for the environmental impacts of real meat and dairy. Several large US companies that have traditionally focused on livestock production, including Cargill, ADM, Perdue Foods, and Tyson, have recently entered the plant protein space. In terms of changing customer preferences, ‘saving the planet' has proven to be a more compelling argument than the traditional animal activism/ welfare pitch. To date, the only ‘industry response' to this has been grass-fed beef, which is regarded as a generally more sustainable offering than grain-fed. However grass-fed beef has had only limited acceptance in U.S. markets, because it is less flavorful and tougher than the traditional corn-fed beef consumers have grown to enjoy.
 
It should be noted that these plant-based protein producers are primarily expected to be able to serve the ground/ processed meat market, which represents only about
10
percent of the overall animal protein market. Further, there has recently been pushback to these plant-based products, focusing on their highly processed nature and unproven health benefits, scalability/ pricing, and their uncertain carbon footprint. There have also been several companies recently enter the cellular and
3D
-printed meat arena. While facing myriad challenges and further out on the development timeline, some people believe cellular agriculture (aka cultured, clean, lab-grown, cultivated) meat
may
have the potential to service a much larger percentage of the market than plant-based protein, including cuts like steaks, chops and roasts, but the likely cost remains very uncertain at this point.
 
Each of these items supports Bion's belief that there is a potentially very large opportunity to supply premium sustainable beef products that satisfy these concerns. We believe that the real meat/beef products that can be cost-effectively produced today using our
3G
Tech platform, both sustainable and/or organic, can provide an affordable product that satisfies the consumer's desire for sustainability, but with the superior taste and texture those consumers have grown to prefer.
 
Sustainable Beef
 
Bion's goal is to be
first
to market with meaningfully sustainable, and verified, beef products that can be produced at sufficient scale to service national market demand. The cattle produced at a Bion facility will enjoy a substantially lower carbon footprint, dramatically reduced nutrient impacts to water, and an almost total pathogen kill in the waste stream. A Bion sustainable beef facility will be comprised of covered barns with slotted floors, which allow the waste to pass through and be collected quickly and frequently to reduce ammonia volatilization and loss, as well as odors. Covered barns will reduce weather impacts on the livestock and have been demonstrated to promote improved general health and weight gain in the cattle housed in them. The barns represent a very large roof surface area, which will be utilized in appropriate geographical locations for the installation of photovoltaic solar generation systems to produce electricity for the facility, as well as export to the grid. Waste treatment and resource recovery will be provided by Bion's advanced
3G
Tech platform, which Bion believes offers the most comprehensive solution for livestock waste available today. In addition to direct environmental benefits every pound of nitrogen that is captured, upcycled, and returned to the agricultural nitrogen cycle as high-quality fertilizer (vs lost to contaminate downstream waters), is also a pound of nitrogen that will
not
have to be produced as synthetic urea or anhydrous ammonia, with their tremendous carbon cost. System performance and environmental benefits will be monitored and verified through
third
parties, with USDA PVP certification of the sustainable brand that Bion also believes will be the most comprehensive available in the market.
 
Sustainable Organic Beef
 
Bion believes it has a unique opportunity to produce, at scale, affordable corn-fed organic beef that is certified as sustainable. In addition to the sustainable practices described above, organic-sourced beef cows would be finished on organic corn, which would be produced using the ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer captured by the
3G
Tech platform. Bion believes its meat products will meet consumer demands with respect to sustainability and safety (organic) and provide the tenderness and taste American consumers have come to expect from premium conventional American beef. Such products are largely unavailable in the market today. We believe Bion's unique ability to produce the fertilizer needed to grow a supply of low-cost organic corn, and the resulting opportunity to produce organic beef, will dramatically differentiate us from potential competitors. This organic opportunity is dependent on successfully establishing Bion's fertilizer products as acceptable for use in organic grain production.
 
Today, organic beef demand is limited and mostly supplied with grass-fed cattle. While organic ground/ chopped meat has enjoyed success in U.S. markets, grass-fed steaks have seen limited acceptance, mostly resulting from consumer issues with taste and texture. In other words, it's tough. Regardless, such steaks sell for a significant premium over conventional beef. A grain-finished organic beef product is largely unavailable in the marketplace today due to the higher costs of producing organic corn and grain. The exception is offerings that are very expensive from small ‘boutique' beef producers. Like all plants, corn requires nitrogen to grow. Corn is especially sensitive to a late-season application of readily available nitrogen – the key to maximizing yields. With non-organic field corn, this nitrogen is supplied by an application of a low-cost synthetic fertilizer, such as urea or anhydrous ammonia. However, the cost for suitable nitrogen fertilizer that can be applied late-season in organic corn production is so high that the late-season application becomes uneconomical, resulting in substantially lower yields – a widely recognized phenomena known as the ‘yield gap' in organic production. The yield gap results in higher costs for organic corn that, in turn, make it uneconomical to feed that corn to livestock. As is the case for sustainable but
not
organic beef, Bion believes there is a potentially large unmet demand for affordable beef products that are both sustainable AND organic, but with the taste and texture consumers have come to expect from American beef. Bion's ability to produce the low-cost nitrogen fertilizer that can close the organic yield (and affordability) gap puts the company in a unique, if
not
exclusive at this time, position to participate in JV's that will benefit from this opportunity starting next year.
 
The demonstrated willingness of consumers to purchase sustainable products (along with numerous research and marketing studies confirming consumers are seeking, and are willing to pay a premium for, sustainable products)---in combination with the threat to the livestock industry market (primarily beef and pork) posed by plant-based alternatives (heightened by pandemic conditions)--- has succeeded in focusing the large scale livestock industry on how to meet the plant-based market challenge by addressing the consumer sustainability issues. The consumer demand for sustainability appears to be a real and lasting trend, but consumers remain skeptical of generalized claims of ‘sustainability'. To date, a large portion of the industry responses have been at a superficial level or consist of ‘green washing', a deceptive marketing practice where companies promote non-substantive initiatives. Real sustainability for the livestock industry will require implementation of advanced waste treatment technology at or near the livestock production facilities (“Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations” or “CAFOs”) – where most of the negative environmental impacts take place.
 
Technology Deployment: Bion
3G
Tech
 
Widespread deployment of waste treatment technology, and the sustainability it enables, is largely dependent upon generating sufficient additional revenues to offset the capital and operating costs associated with technology adoption. Bion's
3G
Tech has been developed to create opportunities for such augmented revenue streams, while providing
third
party verification of sustainability claims. The
3G
Tech platform has been designed to maximize the value of co-products produced during the waste treatment/recovery processes, including pipeline-quality renewable natural gas (biogas) and commercial fertilizer products approved for organic production. All processes will be verifiable by
third
parties (including regulatory authorities and certifying boards) to comply with environmental regulations and trading programs and meet the requirements for: a) renewable energy and carbon credits, b) organic certification of the fertilizer coproducts and c) USDA PVP certification of an ‘Environmentally Sustainable' brand (see discussion below), and d) payment for verified ecosystem services. The Company's
first
patent on its
3G
Tech was issued during
2018.
In
August 2020,
the Company received a Notice of Allowance on its
third
patent which significantly expands the breadth and depth of the Company's
3G
Tech coverage, and the Company has additional applications pending and/or planned.
 
Bion's business model and technology platform can create the opportunity for JVs (in various contractual forms) between the Company and large livestock/food/fertilizer industry participants, based upon the supplemental cash flow generated by implementation of our
3G
Tech business model, which will support the costs of technology implementation (including related debt). We anticipate this will result in long term value for Bion. In the context of such JVs, we believe that the verifiable sustainable branding opportunities (conventional and organic)
may
expand to represent the single largest enhanced revenue contributor provided by Bion to the JVs (and Bion licensees). The Company believes that the largest portion of its business with be conducted through such JVs, but a material portion
may
involve licensing and or other approaches.
 
In parallel with technology development, Bion has worked (which work continues) to implement market-driven strategies designed to stimulate private-sector participation in the overall U.S. nutrient and carbon reduction strategy. These market-driven strategies can generate “payment for ecosystem services”, in which farmers or landowners are rewarded for managing their land and operations to provide environmental benefits, that will generate additional revenues. Existing renewable energy credits for the production and use of biogas are an example of payment for ecosystem services. Another such strategy is nutrient trading (or water quality trading), which will potentially create markets (in Pennsylvania and other states) that will utilize taxpayer funding for the purchase of verified pollution reductions from agriculture (“nutrient credits”) by the state (or others) through competitively-bid procurement programs. Such credits can then be used as a ‘qualified offset' by an individual state (or municipality) to meet its federal clean water mandates at significantly lower cost to the taxpayer. Market-driven strategies, including competitive procurement of verified credits, is supported by US EPA, the Chesapeake Bay Commission, national livestock interests, and other key stakeholders. Legislation in PA to establish the
first
such state competitive procurement program passed the Pennsylvania Senate by a bi-partisan majority during
March 2019.
However, the Covid-
19
pandemic and related financial/budgetary crises have slowed progress for this and other policy initiatives and, as a result, it is
not
currently possible to project the timeline for completion (or meaningful progress) of this and other similar initiatives (see discussion below).
 
The livestock industry and its markets are already changing; with a commercial-ready technology and business model, Bion believes it has a ‘first-mover advantage' over others that will seek to exploit the opportunities that will arise from the industry's inevitable transformation. Bion anticipates moving forward with the development process of its initial commercial installations utilizing its
3G
Tech, during the current
2022
fiscal year. We believe that Bion's
3G
Tech platform and business model can provide a pathway to true economic and environmental sustainability with ‘win-win' benefits for at least a premium sector of the livestock industry, the environment, and the consumer, an opportunity which the Company intends to pursue.
 
The Livestock Problem
 
The livestock industry is under tremendous pressure from regulatory agencies, a wide range of advocacy groups, institutional investors and the industry's own consumers, to adopt sustainable practices. Environmental cleanup is inevitable and has already begun - and policies have already begun to change, as well. Bion's
3G
Tech was developed for implementation on large scale livestock production facilities, where scale drives both lower treatment costs and efficient co-products production, as well as dramatic environmental improvements. We believe that scale, coupled with Bion's verifiable treatment technology platform, will create a transformational opportunity to integrate clean production practices at (or close to) the point of production—the primary source of the industry's environmental impacts. Bion intends to assist the forward-looking segment of the livestock industry to bring animal protein production in line with
21st
Century consumer demands for meaningful sustainability.
 
In the U.S. (according to the USDA's
2017
agricultural census) there are over
9M
dairy cows,
90M
beef cattle,
60M
swine and more than
2
billion poultry which provides an indication of both the scope of the problem addressed by Bion's technology, as well as the size of Bion's opportunity. Environmental impacts from livestock production include surface and groundwater pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, ammonia, and other air pollution, excess water use, and pathogens related to foodborne illnesses and antibiotic resistance. While the most visible and immediate problems are related to nutrient runoff and its effects on water quality, the industry has recently been targeted by various stakeholder groups for its impacts on climate change.
 
Estimates of total annual U.S. livestock manure waste vary widely, but start around a billion tons, between
100
and
130
times greater than human waste. However, while human waste is generally treated by septic or municipal wastewater plants, livestock waste – raw manure – is spread on our nation's croplands for its fertilizer value. Large portions of U.S. feed crop production (and most organic crop production) are fertilized, in part, in this manner. Under current manure management practices,
80%
or more of total nitrogen from manure, much of it in the form of ammonia, escapes during storage, transportation, and during and after soil application, representing both substantial lost value and environmental costs.
 
More than half of the nitrogen impacts from livestock waste come from airborne ammonia emissions, which are extremely volatile, reactive and mobile. Airborne ammonia nitrogen eventually settles back to the ground through atmospheric deposition - it ‘rains' everywhere. While some of this nitrogen is captured and used by plants, most of it runs off and enters surface waters or percolates down to groundwater. It is now well-established that most of the voluntary conservation practices, such as vegetated buffers that ‘filter' runoff (often referred to as “BMPs” or “Best Management Practices” that have traditionally been implemented to attempt to mitigate nutrient runoff), are considerably less effective than was previously believed to be the case. This is especially true with regard to addressing the volatile and mobile nitrogen from ammonia emissions, because BMPs are primarily focused on surface water runoff, directly from farm fields in current production, versus the re-deposition that takes place everywhere or groundwater flow.
 
Runoff from livestock waste has been identified in most of our major watersheds as a primary source of excess nutrients that fuel algae blooms in both fresh and saltwater. Over the last several years, algae blooms have become increasingly toxic to both humans and animals, such as the Red Tides on the Florida and California coasts, and the Lake Erie algae bloom that cut off the water supply to Toledo, Ohio, residents in
2014.
When the nutrient runoff subsides, it leaves the algae blooms with
no
more ‘food' and the blooms die. The algae's decomposition takes oxygen from the water, leading to ‘dead zones' in local ponds, lakes, and ultimately, the Great Lakes, as well as the Chesapeake Bay, Gulf of Mexico, and other estuary waters. Both the toxic algae blooms and the low/no-oxygen dead zones devastate marine life, from shrimp and fish to higher mammals, including dolphins and manatees. US EPA already considers excess nutrients “one of America's most widespread, costly and challenging environmental problems”. Nutrient runoff is expected to worsen dramatically in the coming decades due to rising temperatures and increasing rainstorm intensity as a result of climate change.
 
Nitrate-contaminated groundwater is of growing concern in agricultural regions nationwide, where it has been directly correlated with nutrient runoff from upstream agricultural operations using raw manure as fertilizer. Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, California and Washington, and others, now have regions where groundwater nitrate levels exceed EPA standards for safe drinking water. High levels of nitrate can cause blue baby syndrome (methemoglobinemia) in infants and affect women who are or
may
become pregnant, and it has been linked to thyroid disease and colon cancer. EPA has set an enforceable standard called a maximum contaminant level (MCL) in water for nitrates at
10
parts per million (ppm) (
10
mg/L) and for nitrites at
1
ppm (
1
mg/L). Federal regulations require expensive pretreatment for community water sources that exceed the MCL; however, private drinking water wells are
not
regulated, and it is the owners' responsibility to test and treat their wells. Additionally, groundwater flows also transport this volatile nitrogen downstream where, along its way, it intermixes with surface water, further exacerbating the runoff problem. Like atmospheric deposition, the current conservation practices we rely on to reduce agricultural runoff are largely bypassed by this subsurface flow.
 
Additionally, in arid climates, such as California, airborne ammonia emissions from livestock manure contribute to air pollution as a precursor to
PM2.5
formation, small inhalable particulate matter that is a regulated air pollutant with significant public health risks. Whether airborne or dissolved in water, ammonia can only be cost-effectively controlled and treated at the source-- before it has a chance to escape into the environment where it becomes extremely expensive to ‘chase', capture and treat.
 
High phosphorus concentrations in soils fertilized with raw manure are another growing problem. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in livestock waste is fixed, and because manure application rates are calculated based on nitrogen requirements, often phosphorus is overapplied as an unintended consequence. Phosphorus accumulation in agricultural soils reduces its productivity, increases the risk of phosphorus runoff, and represents a waste of a finite resource. Decoupling the nitrogen from the phosphorus would allow them to be precision-applied, independently of each other, when and where needed.
 
The livestock industry has recently come under heavy fire for its impacts on climate change, which has become a rallying cry for the anti-meat campaign discussed above. Estimates of the magnitude of those impacts vary widely, but the general consensus is that globally, livestock account for
14.5
percent of greenhouse emissions. In the U.S. however, that number drops to
4.2
percent, due to the increased efficiencies of American beef production. The greatest impacts come from direct emissions of methane from enteric fermentation (belches), methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the manure, with arguably the largest being the massive carbon footprint of the synthetic nitrogen fertilizers used to grow the grains to feed the livestock.
 
For decades the livestock industry has overlooked and/or socialized its environmental problems and costs. Today, the impacts of livestock production on public health and the environment can
no
longer be ignored and are coming under increasing scrutiny from environmental groups and health organizations, regulatory agencies and the courts, the media, consumers, and activist institutional investors. The result has been a significant and alarming loss of market share to plant-based protein and other alternative products. Bion's
3G
Tech platform was designed to resolve these environmental issues and bring the industry in line with
twenty-first
century consumer expectations.
 
Going concern and management
'
s plans:
 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company has
not
generated significant revenues and has incurred net losses (including significant non-cash expenses) of approximately
$3,451,000
and
$4,553,000
during the years ended
June 30, 2021
and
2020,
respectively. At
June 30, 2021,
the Company has a working capital deficit and a stockholders' deficit of approximately
$6,614,000
and
$11,445,000,
respectively. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do
not
include any adjustments relating to the recoverability or classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that
may
result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The following paragraphs describe management's plans with regard to these conditions.
 
The Company continues to explore sources of additional financing (including potential agreements with strategic partners – both financial and ag-industry) to satisfy its current and future operating and capital expenditure requirements as it is
not
currently generating any significant revenues.
 
During the years ended
June 30, 2021
and
2020,
the Company received gross proceeds of approximately
$5,209,000
and
$1,584,000,
respectively, from the sale of its debt and equity securities.
 
During fiscal years
2021
and
2020,
the Company has faced progressively less difficulty in raising equity funding (but substantial equity dilution has gone along with the larger amounts of equity financing during the periods). However, the Company anticipates substantial increases in demands for capital and operating expenditures as it moves toward commercial implementation of its
3G
Tech and development of JVs and, therefore, is likely to continue to face, significant cash flow management challenges due to limited capital resources and working capital constraints which have only recently begun to be alleviated. To partially mitigate these working capital constraints, the Company's core senior management and several key employees and consultants have been deferring (and continue to defer) all or part of their cash compensation and/or are accepting compensation in the form of securities of the Company (Notes
4
and
6
) and members of the Company's senior management have made loans to the Company from time to time. During the year ended
June 30, 2018,
senior management and certain core employees and consultants agreed to a
one
-time extinguishment of liabilities owed by the Company which in aggregate totaled
$2,404,000.
Additionally, the Company made reductions in its personnel during the years ended
June 30, 2014
and
2015
and again during the year ended
June 30, 2018.
The constraint on available resources has had, and continues to have, negative effects on the pace and scope of the Company's efforts to develop its business. The Company has had to delay payment of trade obligations and has had to economize in many ways that have potentially negative consequences. If the Company is able to continue its recent increased success in its efforts to raise needed funds during the remainder of the current fiscal year (and subsequent periods), of which there is
no
assurance, management will
not
need to consider deeper cuts (including additional personnel cuts) and curtailment of ongoing activities including research and development activities.
 
The Company will need to obtain additional capital to fund its operations and technology development, to satisfy existing creditors, to develop Projects (including JV Projects, Integrated Projects and the Kreider
2
facility) and CAFO Retrofit waste remediation systems. The Company anticipates that it will seek to raise from
$5,000,000
to
$50,000,000
or more debt and/or equity through joint ventures, strategic partnerships and/or sale of its equity securities (common, preferred and/or hybrid) and/or debt (including convertible) securities, and/or through use of ‘rights' and/or warrants (new and/or existing) during the next
twelve
months. However, as discussed above, there is
no
assurance, especially in light of the difficulties the Company has experienced in many recent years and the extremely unsettled capital markets that presently exist for small companies like us), that the Company will be able to obtain the funds that it needs to stay in business, complete its technology development or to successfully develop its business and Projects.
 
There is
no
realistic likelihood that funds required during the next
twelve
months (or in the periods immediately thereafter) for the Company's basic operations and/or proposed JVs and/or Projects will be generated from operations. Therefore, the Company will need to raise sufficient funds from external sources such as debt or equity financings or other potential sources. The lack of sufficient additional capital resulting from the inability to generate cash flow from operations and/or to raise capital from external sources would force the Company to substantially curtail or cease operations and would, therefore, have a material adverse effect on its business. Further, there can be
no
assurance that any such required funds, if available, will be available on attractive terms or that they will
not
have a significantly dilutive effect on the Company's existing shareholders. All of these factors have been exacerbated by the extremely limited and unsettled credit and capital markets presently existing for small companies like Bion.
 
Covid-
19
pandemic related matters:
 
The Company faces risks and uncertainties and factors beyond our control that are magnified during the current Covid-
19
pandemic and the unique economic, financial, governmental and health-related conditions in which the Company, the country and the entire world now reside. To date the Company has experienced direct impacts in various areas including but without limitation: i) government ordered shutdowns which have slowed the Company's research and development projects and other initiatives, ii) shifted focus of state and federal governments which is likely to negatively impact the Company's legislative initiatives in Pennsylvania and Washington D. C., iii) strains and uncertainties in both the equity and debt markets which have made discussion and planning of funding of the Company and its initiatives and projects with investment bankers, banks and potential strategic partners more tenuous, iv) strains and uncertainties in the agricultural sector and markets have made discussion and planning more difficult as future industry conditions are now more difficult to assess and predict, v) constraints due to problems experienced in the global industrial supply chain which have delayed certain research and development testing and
may
delay construction of the initial
3G
Tech installation if equipment remains difficult to acquire in a timely manner, vi) due to the age and health of our core management team, all of whom are age
70
or older and have had
one
or more existing health issues, the Covid-
19
pandemic places the Company at greater risk than was previously the case (to a higher degree than would be the case if the Company had a larger, deeper and/or younger core management team), and vii) there almost certainly will be other unanticipated consequences for the Company as a result of the current pandemic emergency and its aftermath.