Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2019

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of Consolidation

– NTIC evaluates its voting and variable interests in entities on a qualitative and quantitative basis. NTIC consolidates entities in which it concludes it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact an entity’s economic success and has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the entity. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Northern Technologies International Corporation, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Northern Technologies Holding Company, LLC, NTIC (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (NTIC China), ZERUST-EXCOR MEXICO, S. de R.L. de C.V (Zerust Mexico), NTIC Europe GmbH (NTI Europe), NTIC’s majority-owned subsidiary in India, Natur-Tec India Private Limited (Natur-Tec India), NTIC’s majority-owned subsidiary in Brazil, Zerust Prevenção de Corrosão S.A. (Zerust Brazil), NTIC’s majority-owned subsidiary in Sri Lanka, Natur Tec Lanka (Pvt) Ltd (Natur Tec Lanka), and NTIC’s majority-owned holding company, NTI Asean LLC (NTI Asean). NTIC’s consolidated financial statements do

not

include the accounts of any of its joint ventures.

Consolidation, Subsidiaries or Other Investments, Consolidated Entities, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Non-Controlling Interests

– The Company owns

75%

of Natur-Tec India,

75%

of Natur Tec Lanka,

85%

of Zerust Brazil, and

60%

of NTI Asean. The remaining ownership is accounted for as non-controlling interests and reported as part of equity in the consolidated financial statements. The Company allocates gains and losses to the non-controlling interest even when such allocation might result in a deficit balance, reducing the losses attributed to the controlling interest. Changes in ownership interests are treated as equity transactions if the Company maintains control.

Revenue Recognition, Deferred Revenue [Policy Text Block]

Net Sales

– The Company includes net sales to its joint ventures and net sales to unaffiliated customers as separate line items on its consolidated statements of operations. There are

sales originating from the Company’s joint ventures included in the amount, as the Company’s investments in its joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method.

May 2014,

the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance creating Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Section

606,

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

(ASC

606

), which establishes a comprehensive new model for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. This model is based on the core principle that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

September 1, 2018,

the Company adopted ASC

606

for all customer contracts using the modified retrospective method. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements within the scope of ASC

606,

the Company performs the following

five

steps: (

) identify the contracts with a customer; (

) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (

) determine the transaction price; (

) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (

) recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the

five

-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods it transfers to, or services it performs for, the customer.

The adoption of ASC

606

neither impacted the previously reported financial statements in any prior period nor did it result in a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. Therefore, the adoption of the standard did

not

impact the Company’s revenue recognition process. Generally, the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied when the customers take possession of the products, which normally occurs at the shipping point or destination depending on the terms of the contracts. The Company’s services are generally sold based upon quotes or contracts with customers that include a fixed or determinable price, and sales arrangements do

not

contain any significant financing component for its customers. The Company does

not

recognize revenue related to product warranties, nor does the Company incur significant contract costs. Customer arrangements do

not

generate contract assets or liabilities.

Changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as a result of adopting ASC

606

are discussed below.

Revenue Recognition

- Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in the contract with a customer, adjusted for any applicable estimates of variable consideration and other factors affecting the transaction price, including noncash consideration, consideration paid or payable to customers, and significant financing components. While most of the Company’s revenue is contracted with customers through

one

-time purchase orders and short-term contracts, the Company does have long-term arrangements with certain customers. Revenue from all customers is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a distinct good or service to a customer.

Individually promised goods and services in a contract are considered a distinct performance obligation and accounted for separately if the customer can benefit from the individual good or service on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer and the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the arrangement. When an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations, the consideration is allocated between the performance obligations in proportion to their estimated standalone selling price. Costs related to products delivered are recognized in the period incurred, unless criteria for capitalization of costs are met. Costs of revenues consist primarily of direct labor, manufacturing overhead, materials, and components. The Company does

not

incur significant upfront costs to obtain a contract. If costs to obtain a contract were to become material, the costs would be recorded as an asset and amortized to expense in a manner consistent with the related recognition of revenue.

The Company excludes government assessed and imposed taxes on revenue generating transactions that are invoiced to customers from revenue. The Company includes freight billed to customers in revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of goods sold.

The timing of revenue recognition, billing, and cash collections results in accounts receivable on the balance sheet.

Performance Obligations

- A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation in proportion to its standalone selling price and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company’s various performance obligations and the timing or method of revenue recognition are discussed below.

The Company sells its products to both distributors and end-users. Each unit of product delivered under a customer order represents a distinct and separate performance obligation, as the customer can benefit from each unit on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and each unit of product is separately identifiable from other products in the arrangement.

The transaction price for the Company’s products is the invoiced amount. The Company does

not

have variable consideration in the form of refunds, credits, rebates, price concessions, pricing incentives, or other items impacting transaction price. The purchase order pricing in arrangements with customers is deemed to approximate standalone selling price; therefore, the Company does

not

need to allocate proceeds on a relative standalone selling price allocation between performance obligations. The Company applies the practical expedient in paragraph

606

and does

not

disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of

one

year or less. There are

material obligations that extend beyond

one

year.

Revenue is recognized when transfer of control occurs, as defined by the terms in the customer agreement. The Company immediately recognizes incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract. The Company has applied the practical expedient in paragraph

606

16A

and does

not

assess if immaterial items are promised goods or services. The Company has also applied the practical expedient in paragraph

606

regarding the adjustment of the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when the customer pays for that good or service within

one

year or less, as the Company does

not

have any significant financing components in its customer arrangements since payment is received at or shortly after the point of sale, generally

thirty

ninety

days.

The Company estimates returns based on an analysis of historical experience if the right to return products is granted to its customers. The Company does

not

record a return asset, as non-conforming products are generally

not

returned. The Company’s return policy does

not

vary by geography. The customer has

rotation or price protection rights, and the Company is

not

under a warranty obligation.

Sales Commissions

- Sales commissions paid to sales representatives are eligible for capitalization, as they are incremental costs that would

not

have been incurred without entering into a specific sales arrangement and are recoverable through the expected margin on the transaction. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient provided by ASC

340

and recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred, as the amortization period of the assets that would have otherwise been recognized is

one

year or less. The Company records these costs as a selling expense.

Product Warranty

- The Company offers warranties on various products and services. These warranties are assurance type warranties that are

not

sold on a standalone basis; therefore, they are

not

considered distinct performance obligations. The Company estimates the costs that

may

be incurred under its warranties and records a liability in the amount of such costs at the time the revenue is recognized for the product sale.

International Revenue

- The Company markets its products to numerous countries in North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia, and other parts of the world. See Note

11,

Segment and Geographical Information, for information regarding revenue disaggregation by geography.

Receivable [Policy Text Block]

Trade Receivables

– Payment terms for the Company’s unaffiliated customers are determined based on credit risk and vary by customer. The Company typically offers standard payment terms to unaffiliated customers of net

days. The Company does

not

accrue interest on past due accounts receivable. The Company reviews the credit histories of its customers before extending unsecured credit. The Company presents accounts and notes receivable net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Each quarter, the Company prepares an analysis of its ability to collect outstanding receivables that provides a basis for an allowance estimate for doubtful accounts. In doing so, the Company evaluates the age of its receivables, past collection history, current financial conditions of key customers and its joint ventures, and economic conditions. Based on this evaluation, the Company establishes a reserve for specific accounts and notes receivable that it believes are uncollectible, as well as an estimate of uncollectible receivables

not

specifically known. The Company believes that an analysis of historical trends and its current knowledge of potential collection problems provide the Company with sufficient information to establish a reasonable estimate for an allowance for doubtful accounts. In the event the Company determines that a smaller or larger uncollectible accounts reserve is appropriate, the Company records a credit or charge to selling expense in the period that it made such determination. Accounts receivable have been reduced by an allowance for uncollectible accounts of

$65,000

as of

August 31, 2019

and

$50,000

as of

August 31, 2018.

Accounts are considered past due based on terms agreed upon between the Company and the customer. Accounts receivable are written-off only after all collection attempts have failed and are based on individual credit evaluation and specific circumstances of the customer.

Receivables from Joint Ventures Policy [Policy Text Block ]

Trade Receivables from Joint Ventures

– Trade receivables from joint ventures arise from sales of products the Company makes to its joint ventures. Payment terms for the Company’s joint ventures also are determined based on credit risk; however, additional consideration is given to the individual joint venture due to the transportation time associated with ocean delivery of most products and certain other factors. Generally, accounts receivable from the Company’s joint ventures unpaid after

days are considered past due. The Company does

not

accrue interest on past due balances. The Company periodically reviews amounts due from its joint ventures for collectability and, based on past experience and continuous review of the balances due, determined that an allowance for doubtful accounts related to its joint venture receivables was

not

necessary as of

August 31, 2019

2018.

Fees for Services Provided to Joint Ventures –

The Company provides services to its joint ventures including consulting, legal, travel, insurance, technical, and marketing services based on licensing or other agrements with its joint ventures. The Company receives fees for the services it provides to its joint ventures. The fees for services received by the Company from its joint ventures are generally based on either a flat fee or a percentage of net sales by the Company’s joint ventures depending on local laws and tax regulations. Under the Company’s agreements with its joint ventures, amounts are earned when product is shipped from joint venture facilities, at which point a sale is deemed to have occurred and results in obligation for the joint venture to pay the royalty and recognition of the fee by the Company. The Company reviews the financial situation of each of its joint ventures to assist in the likelihood of collections on amounts earned. The Company accounts for these fees on a cash basis if uncertainty exists surrounding the collection of such fees.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

– The Company includes as cash and cash equivalents highly liquid, short-term investments with maturity of

three

months or less when purchased, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash. The Company maintains its cash in high quality financial institutions. The balances, at times,

may

exceed federally insured limits.

Marketable Securities, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Available for Sale Securities

– Available for sale securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on available for sale securities are

not

significant.

Stock Split [Policy Text Block]

Stock Split

– On

June 3, 2019,

NTIC’s Board of Directors declared a

two

-for-

one

stock split of NTIC’s common stock effected in the form of a

100%

share dividend distributed on

June 28, 2019

to record holders as of

June 17, 2019.

Earnings and dividends declared per share and weighted average shares outstanding are presented in this report after the effect of the

100

percent stock dividend. The

two

-for-

one

stock split is retroactively reflected in the share amounts in all periods presented in this report.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventories

– Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost (

first

-in,

first

-out basis) or net realizable value.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property and Depreciation

– Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated service lives of the various assets as follows:

Buildings and improvements (years)			5	-	30
Machinery and equipment (years)			3	-	10

Intangible Assets, Finite-Lived, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Patents and Trademarks

– Patents and trademarks, including acquisition costs, are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Upon retirement, the cost of assets disposed and the related accumulated amortization are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to operations.

Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block]

Investments in Joint Ventures

– Investments in the Company’s joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, investments are initially recorded at cost and are adjusted for dividends, distributed and undistributed earnings and losses, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, and additional investments. In the event the Company’s share of a joint venture’s cumulative losses exceeds the Company’s investment balance, the balance is reported at

zero

value until proportionate income exceeds the losses. The Company assesses its joint ventures for impairment on an annual basis as of

August 31

of each year as part of its fiscal year end analysis. In addition to the annual review for impairment, the Company reviews the operating results of each joint venture on a quarterly basis in comparison to its historical operating results and its accrual of fees for services provided to joint ventures. If the operating results of a joint venture do

not

meet financial performance expectations, an additional evaluation is performed on the joint venture. The Company’s evaluation of its investments in joint ventures requires the Company to make assumptions about future cash flows of its joint ventures. These assumptions require significant judgment, and actual results

may

differ from assumed or estimated amounts. All investments in joint ventures had positive equity as of

August 31, 2019

and

2018.

The Company considers any of its joint ventures to be significant and discloses entity specific financial information if the joint venture’s income or assets make up more than

20%

of the Company’s total assets or income.

The Company classifies distributions received from its joint ventures based on the nature of the distributions, generally, as a return on its investment in operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

If the Company is

longer able to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policy of a joint venture previously accounted for under the equity method, it maintains the investment at the carrying value as of the date that significant influence

longer exists and discontinues accruing the proportionate earnings or losses of the investment.

Investments are considered to be impaired when a decline in fair value is judged to be other-than-temporary. Fair value is calculated based on publicly available market information or other estimates determined by management. The Company employs a systematic methodology on a quarterly basis that considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence in evaluating potential impairment of our investments. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, the Company evaluates, among other factors, general market conditions, credit quality, the duration and extent to which the fair value is less than cost, and for equity securities, the Company’s intent and ability to hold, or plans to sell, the investment. The Company also considers specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of and business outlook for the investee, including industry and sector performance, changes in technology, and operational and financing cash flow factors. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded to other income (expense), and a new cost basis in the investment is established.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets

– The Company reviews its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the assets

may

not

be recoverable. The Company determines potential impairment by comparing the carrying value of the assets with expected net cash flows expected to be provided by operating activities of the business or related products. If the sum of the expected undiscounted future net cash flows is less than the carrying value, the Company evaluates whether an impairment loss should be recognized. An impairment loss is measured by comparing the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the asset.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

– The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent the Company believes these assets will more likely than

not

be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In the event the Company determines that it would be able to realize its deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company makes an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a

two

-step process whereby the Company determines whether it is more likely than

not

that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position and those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-

not

recognition threshold. The Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than

percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]

Foreign Currency Translation (Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss))

– The functional currency of NTIC China, Zerust Brazil, Natur-Tec India, Natur Tec Lanka, Zerust Mexico, NTI Europe, and each unconsolidated international joint venture is the applicable local currency. The translation of the applicable foreign currencies into U.S. dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using an average monthly exchange rate. Translation gains or losses are reported as an element of other comprehensive income (loss).

The Company (excluding NTIC China, Zerust Brazil, Natur-Tec India, Natur Tec Lanka, NTI Asean, Zerust Mexico, NTI Europe, and NTIC’s joint ventures) conducts all foreign transactions based on the U.S. dollar. Since investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method, any changes in foreign currency exchange rates are reflected as a foreign currency translation adjustment and do

not

change the equity in income from joint ventures reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

– The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, available for sale securities, short-term accounts and notes receivable, notes payable, trade accounts payables, and other accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

Shipping and Handling Cost, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Shipping and Handling

– The Company records all amounts billed to customers in a sales transaction related to shipping and handling as sales. The Company records costs related to shipping and handling in cost of goods sold.

Research, Development, and Computer Software, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Research and Development

– The Company expenses all costs related to product research and development as incurred.

Stockholders' Equity, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Common Stock

– The Company issues authorized but unissued shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options.

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]

Stock-Based Compensation

– The Company recognizes compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions, including grants of employee stock options and transactions under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan, in its consolidated financial statements. That cost is measured based on the fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for stock options and other stock-based awards based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes the cost over the period the employee is required to provide services for the award (generally the vesting term).

Subsequent Events, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Subsequent Events

– The Company has evaluated events occurring after the date of the consolidated financial statements for events requiring disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

– The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.