UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One) 

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to ______________                 

Commission File No. 001-37811

BOK FINANCIAL CORP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Oklahoma		73-1373454
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)
Bank of Oklahoma Tower
Boston Avenue at Second Street
Tulsa,	Oklahoma	74192
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(918) 588-6000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.00006 per share	BOKF	Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.       Yes  ý  No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  ý  No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ý       Accelerated filer       ¨            

Non-accelerated filer   ¨    Smaller reporting company ☐

    Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).   Yes  ☐  No  ý

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 66,369,208 shares of common stock ($.00006 par value) as of June 30, 2023.

BOK Financial Corporation

Form 10-Q

Quarter Ended June 30, 2023

Index

Part I.  Financial Information
Management's Discussion and Analysis (Item 2)	1
Market Risk (Item 3)	39
Controls and Procedures (Item 4)	44
Consolidated Financial Statements – Unaudited (Item 1)	45
Six Month Financial Summary – Unaudited (Item 2)	95
Quarterly Financial Summary – Unaudited (Item 2)	96
Quarterly Earnings Trend – Unaudited	99
Part II.  Other Information
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings	100
Item 1A. Risk Factors	100
Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	100
Item 5. Other Information	100
Item 6.  Exhibits	101
Signatures	102

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Performance Summary

BOK Financial Corporation ("the Company") reported net income of $151.3 million or $2.27 per diluted share for the second quarter of 2023 compared to $162.4 million or $2.43 per diluted share for the first quarter of 2023. Pre-provision net revenue ("PPNR"), a non-GAAP measure, decreased $12.0 million to $212.3 million compared to the first quarter of 2023.

Highlights of the second quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2023 included:

•Net interest revenue totaled $322.3 million, a decrease of $30.1 million compared to the prior quarter. Net interest margin was 3.00 percent for the second quarter of 2023 compared to 3.45 percent for the prior quarter. Growth in low-spread trading assets drove a 9 basis point decline in net interest margin with deposit repricing activity primarily driving the remaining 36 basis point reduction.

•Fees and commissions revenue totaled $200.5 million, an increase of $14.5 million. Brokerage and trading revenue increased $12.6 million, largely driven by higher U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities and related derivative contracts trading volumes, while fiduciary and asset management revenue grew $2.3 million.

•The net cost of the changes in fair value of mortgage servicing rights and related economic hedges was $1.2 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared to $10.5 million for the first quarter of 2023.

•Other operating expense totaled $318.7 million, an increase of $12.9 million. Personnel expense increased $8.5 million. Growth in regular compensation related to our annual merit increases and higher cash-based incentive compensation reflecting sales activity was partially offset by lower seasonal employee benefits costs. Non-personnel expense increased $4.4 million, led by higher seasonal mortgage banking costs.

•Period-end outstanding loan balances totaled $23.2 billion at June 30, 2023, growing $488 million over March 31, 2023, largely due to growth in commercial and commercial real estate loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Average loan balances increased $413 million to $22.9 billion.

•We recorded a $17.0 million provision for expected credit losses in the second quarter of 2023, primarily related to higher assumed commercial real estate vacancy rates during the forecast period and overall loan portfolio growth during the quarter. We recorded a $16.0 million provision for expected credit losses in the first quarter of 2023, as key economic factors in the base case, including projected West Texas Intermediate ("WTI") oil prices and commercial real estate vacancy rates, were less favorable to economic growth. The combined allowance for credit losses totaled $323 million or 1.39 percent of outstanding loans at June 30, 2023. The combined allowance for credit losses was $312 million or 1.37 percent of outstanding loans at March 31, 2023.

•Nonperforming assets not guaranteed by U.S. government agencies increased $6.4 million compared to March 31, 2023. Potential problem loans decreased $28 million while other loans especially mentioned fell $17 million. Net charge-offs were $6.7 million or 0.12 percent of average loans on an annualized basis for the second quarter of 2023. Net charge-offs were 0.10 percent of average loans over the last four quarters. Net charge-offs were $769 thousand or 0.01 percent of average loans on an annualized basis for the first quarter of 2023.

•Period-end deposits were $33.3 billion at June 30, 2023, a $714 million increase over March 31, 2023. Average deposits decreased $1.1 billion, including a $1.4 billion reduction in demand deposit balances and a $295 million increase in average interest-bearing deposits. The loan to deposit ratio was 70 percent at June 30, 2023, consistent with March 31, 2023.

•Assets under management or administration totaled $103.6 billion at June 30, 2023, growing $1.3 billion over March 31, 2023.

•The Company's tangible common equity ratio, a non-GAAP measure, was 7.79 percent at June 30, 2023 and 8.46 percent at March 31, 2023. The tangible common equity ratio is primarily based on total shareholders' equity, which includes unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities. Adjusted for all securities portfolio losses, including the tax adjusted losses in the investment portfolio, the tangible common equity ratio would be 7.49 percent at June 30, 2023 and 8.22 percent at March 31, 2023.

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•The common equity Tier 1 capital ratio at June 30, 2023 was 12.13 percent. Other regulatory capital ratios include the Tier 1 capital ratio at 12.13 percent, total capital ratio at 13.24 percent, and leverage ratio at 9.75 percent. At March 31, 2023, the common equity Tier 1 capital ratio was 12.19 percent, the Tier 1 capital ratio was 12.20 percent, total capital ratio was 13.21 percent, and leverage ratio was 9.94 percent.

•The Company repurchased 266,000 shares of common stock at an average price of $84.08 per share in the second quarter of 2023 and 447,071 shares at an average price of $98.64 in the first quarter of 2023. We view share buybacks opportunistically, but within the context of maintaining our strong capital position.

•The Company paid a regular cash dividend of $35.9 million or $0.54 per common share during the second quarter of 2023. On August 1, 2023, the board of directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.54 per common share payable on or about August 30, 2023 to shareholders of record as of August 15, 2023.

Highlights of the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022 included:

•Tax-equivalent net interest revenue totaled $679.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and $546.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Net interest revenue increased $163.6 million from changes in interest rates and decreased $31.0 million from changes in earning assets. Net interest margin was 3.22 percent compared to 2.60 percent. In response to rising inflation, the Federal Reserve increased the federal funds rate 500 basis points since the beginning of 2022. The resulting impact on market interest rates increased net interest margin as our earning assets, led by our significant percentage of variable-rate commercial loans, repriced at a higher rate and faster pace than our interest-bearing liabilities. Loan yields increased 310 basis points and funding costs increased 261 basis points. Average earning assets increased $491 million to $41.8 billion with higher average loans and investment securities balances, partially offset by lower trading securities and available for sale securities balances. In the second quarter of 2022, we transferred $2.4 billion of U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities from available for sale to the investment securities portfolio to limit the effect of future rate increases on the tangible common equity ratio. Other borrowed funds increased $4.8 billion while total interest-bearing deposits decreased $3.1 billion.

•Fees and commissions revenue totaled $386.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a $115.5 million increase over the six months ended June 30, 2022. Brokerage and trading revenue increased $100.4 million, primarily due to disruptions in the fixed income markets related to economic uncertainty in the first part of 2022. Fiduciary and asset management revenue increased $7.4 million, led by growth in mutual fund fees and Cavanal Hill fund fees. Other revenue increased $8.1 million, primarily related to higher margin interest fees.

•Total operating expense was $624.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $73.2 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Personnel expense increased $58.6 million. Regular compensation increased $19.5 million, largely related to annual merit increases and salary adjustments, while cash-based incentive compensation grew $16.1 million due to higher sales activity. Share-based compensation expense increased $7.1 million reflecting changes in assumptions of certain performance-based equity awards. Non-personnel expense increased $14.6 million to $251.7 million, largely related to higher data processing costs related to on-going technology projects and FDIC insurance costs following increased assessment rates in 2023.

•We recorded a $33.0 million provision for expected credit losses in the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to key economic factors, including projected commercial real estate vacancy rates and projected West Texas Intermediate ("WTI") oil prices being less favorable to economic growth and growth in the loan portfolio. No provision for expected credit losses was necessary for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

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Results of Operations

Net Interest Revenue and Net Interest Margin

Net interest revenue is the interest earned on debt securities, loans and other interest-earning assets less interest paid for interest-bearing deposits and other borrowings. The net interest margin is calculated by dividing tax-equivalent net interest revenue by average interest-earning assets. Net interest spread is the difference between the average rate earned on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is typically greater than net interest spread due to interest income earned on assets funded by non-interest bearing liabilities such as demand deposits and equity.

Tax-equivalent net interest revenue totaled $324.5 million for the second quarter of 2023, compared to $354.6 million for the prior quarter. Compared to the first quarter of 2023, net interest revenue decreased $24.4 million from changes in interest rates and $5.8 million from changes in earning assets. Table 1 shows the effect on net interest revenue from changes in average balances and interest rates for various types of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

Average earning assets increased $2.0 billion compared to the first quarter of 2023. The average balance of trading securities increased $1.2 billion due to favorable market opportunities. Average loan balances increased $413 million, largely due to growth in commercial and commercial real estate loans. The average balance of available for sale securities, which consists largely of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, increased $295 million. Average interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents grew $92 million.

Total average deposits declined by $1.1 billion compared to the first quarter of 2023, including a $1.4 billion decrease in demand deposits, partially offset by a $295 million increase in interest-bearing deposits. Funds purchased and repurchase agreements grew $1.9 billion while other borrowings increased $763 million.

Net interest margin was 3.00 percent compared to 3.45 percent in the first quarter of 2023. Growth in our trading assets drove a 9 basis point decline in net interest margin with deposit repricing activity primarily driving the remaining 36 basis point reduction. In recent prior quarters, the rapid pace of market interest rate increases grew net interest margin as our earning assets, led by our significant percentage of variable-rate loans, repriced at a higher rate and faster pace than our interest-bearing liabilities. In the past two quarters, deposit price competition and liability mix shift have driven compression in the net interest margin. The tax-equivalent yield on earning assets was 5.29 percent, an increase of 23 basis points. Loan yields grew 36 basis points to 7.03 percent. The available for sale securities portfolio yield increased 13 basis points to 3.00 percent. The yield on interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents increased 113 basis points to 5.41 percent.

Funding costs were 3.27 percent, an 84 basis point increase over the prior quarter. The cost of interest-bearing deposits increased 73 basis points to 2.56 percent. The cost of funds purchased and repurchase agreements increased 125 basis points to 4.58 percent while the cost of other borrowings increased 39 basis points to 5.12 percent. The benefit to net interest margin from assets funded by non-interest liabilities was 98 basis points, an increase of 16 basis points.

Our overall objective is to manage the Company's balance sheet for changes in interest rates as is further described in the Market Risk section of this report. Approximately 80 percent of our commercial and commercial real estate loan portfolios are either variable rate or fixed rate that will reprice within one year. These loans are funded primarily by deposit accounts that are either non-interest bearing, or that reprice more slowly than the loans. The result is a balance sheet that is asset sensitive, which means that assets generally reprice more quickly than the liabilities. One of the strategies that we use to manage toward a relative rate-neutral position is to purchase fixed rate residential mortgage-backed securities issued primarily by U.S. government agencies and fund them with market-rate-sensitive liabilities. The liability-sensitive nature of this strategy provides an offset to the asset-sensitive characteristics of our loan portfolio. We also may use derivative instruments to manage our interest rate risk. 

The effectiveness of these strategies is reflected in the overall change in net interest revenue due to changes in interest rates as shown in Table 1 and in the interest rate sensitivity projections as shown in the Market Risk section of this report.

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Table 1 – Volume/Rate Analysis

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 / Mar. 31, 2023						Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 / 2022
			Change Due To1						Change Due To1
	Change		Volume		Yield/Rate		Change		Volume		Yield/Rate
Tax-equivalent interest revenue:
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	3,046	$	1,145	$	1,901	$	13,848	$	(3,779)	$	17,627
Trading securities	13,809		13,991		(182)		17,905		(54,033)		71,938
Investment securities	(358)		(277)		(81)		11,616		21,608		(9,992)
Available for sale securities	5,737		1,795		3,942		67,061		(4,870)		71,931
Fair value option securities	(777)		(705)		(72)		6,081		4,155		1,926
Restricted equity securities	621		635		(14)		9,746		4,376		5,370
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	113		103		10		(882)		(2,159)		1,277
Loans	31,362		9,027		22,335		384,847		50,704		334,143
Total tax-equivalent interest revenue	53,553		25,714		27,839		510,222		16,002		494,220
Interest expense:
Transaction deposits	31,336		(1,011)		32,347		190,411		(20,606)		211,017
Savings deposits	242		(14)		256		589		(18)		607
Time deposits	9,814		3,930		5,884		19,480		2,446		17,034
Funds purchased and repurchase agreements	27,455		18,922		8,533		50,049		13,645		36,404
Other borrowings	14,728		9,669		5,059		115,528		51,496		64,032
Subordinated debentures	150		11		139		1,513		(2)		1,515
Total interest expense	83,725		31,507		52,218		377,570		46,961		330,609
Tax-equivalent net interest revenue	(30,172)		(5,793)		(24,379)		132,652		(30,959)		163,611
Change in tax-equivalent adjustment	(85)						472
Net interest revenue	$	(30,087)					$	132,180

1 Changes attributable to both volume and yield/rate are allocated to both volume and yield/rate on an equal basis.

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Other Operating Revenue

Other operating revenue was $209.0 million for the second quarter of 2023, an increase of $31.2 million compared to the first quarter of 2023.

Table 2 – Other Operating Revenue 

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)		Six Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
	June 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023						June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Brokerage and trading revenue	$	65,006	$	52,396	$	12,610	24	%	$	117,402	$	16,964	$	100,438	592	%
Transaction card revenue	26,003		25,621		382		1	%	51,624		51,156		468		1	%
Fiduciary and asset management revenue	52,997		50,657		2,340		5	%	103,654		96,237		7,417		8	%
Deposit service charges and fees	27,100		25,968		1,132		4	%	53,068		55,504		(2,436)		(4)	%
Mortgage banking revenue	15,141		14,367		774		5	%	29,508		28,018		1,490		5	%
Other revenue	14,250		16,970		(2,720)		(16)	%	31,220		23,129		8,091		35	%
Total fees and commissions revenue	200,497		185,979		14,518		8	%	386,476		271,008		115,468		43	%
Other gains (losses), net	12,618		2,251		10,367		N/A		14,869		(9,283)		24,152		N/A
Loss on derivatives, net	(8,159)		(1,344)		(6,815)		N/A		(9,503)		(60,550)		51,047		N/A
Loss on fair value option securities, net	(2,158)		(2,962)		804		N/A		(5,120)		(13,422)		8,302		N/A
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	9,261		(6,059)		15,320		N/A		3,202		66,595		(63,393)		N/A
Gain (loss) on available for sale securities, net	(3,010)		—		(3,010)		N/A		(3,010)		2,125		(5,135)		N/A
Total other operating revenue	$	209,049	$	177,865	$	31,184	18	%	$	386,914	$	256,473	$	130,441	51	%

Certain percentage increases (decreases) in non-fees and commissions revenue are not meaningful for comparison purposes based on the nature of the item.

Fees and commissions revenue

Diversified sources of fees and commissions revenue are a significant part of our business strategy and represented 38 percent of total revenue for the second quarter of 2023, excluding provision for credit losses and gains and losses on other assets, securities and derivatives and the change in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights. We believe that a variety of fee revenue sources provides diversification to changes resulting from market or economic conditions such as interest rates, values in the equity markets, commodity prices and consumer spending, all of which can be volatile. Many of the economic factors, such as rising interest rates, that we expect will result in growth in net interest revenue or fiduciary and asset management revenue may also affect mortgage banking production volumes and related trading. The velocity of changes in market conditions and interest rates may result in timing differences between when offsetting impacts and benefits are realized. Generally, for operating revenues not as directly related to movement in interest rates, we expect growth to come through offering new products and services and by further development of our presence in other markets. However, current and future economic conditions, regulatory constraints, increased competition and saturation in our existing markets could affect the rate of future increases.

Brokerage and Trading Revenue

Brokerage and trading revenue, which includes revenues from trading, customer hedging, retail brokerage and investment banking, increased $12.6 million or 24 percent compared to the first quarter of 2023.

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Trading revenue includes net realized and unrealized gains and losses primarily related to residential mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and related derivative instruments that enable our mortgage banking customers to manage their production risk. Trading revenue also includes net realized and unrealized gains and losses on municipal securities and other financial instruments that we sell to institutional customers, along with changes in the fair value of financial instruments we hold as economic hedges against market risk of our trading securities. Trading revenue was $36.9 million, a $9.3 million increase over the prior quarter, largely due to a higher volume of U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities and related derivative contracts trading volumes.

Customer hedging revenue is based primarily on realized and unrealized changes in the fair value of derivative contracts held for customer risk management programs. As more fully discussed under Customer Risk Management Programs in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements, we offer commodity, interest rate, foreign exchange and equity derivatives to our customers. Customer hedging revenue totaled $13.6 million, an increase of $5.3 million, driven by energy customer activity. Customer hedging revenue includes credit valuation adjustments of the fair value of derivatives to reflect the risk of counterparty default.

Investment banking, which includes fees earned upon completion of underwriting, financial advisory services and loan syndication fees, totaled $8.3 million for the second quarter of 2023, a decrease of $1.0 million compared to the first quarter of 2023, primarily related to the timing and volume of transactions. A reduction in syndication activity was partially offset by higher underwriting fees.

Transaction Card Revenue

Transaction card revenue includes revenues from processing transactions on behalf of members of our TransFund electronic fund transfer network, merchant services fees paid by customers for account management and electronic processing of card transactions and interchange fees from our corporate card program. Transaction card revenue totaled $26.0 million for the second quarter of 2023, relatively consistent with the prior quarter.

Fiduciary and Asset Management Revenue

Fiduciary and asset management revenue is earned through managing or holding of assets for customers and executing transactions or providing related services. Fiduciary and asset management revenue is largely based on the fair value of assets. Rates applied to asset values vary based on the nature of the relationship. Fiduciary relationships and managed asset relationships generally have higher fee rates than non-fiduciary and/or managed relationships. Fiduciary and asset management revenue grew $2.3 million over the first quarter of 2023, led by higher seasonal tax preparation fee income.

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A distribution of assets under management or administration and related fiduciary and asset management revenue follows:

Table 3 – Assets Under Management or Administration

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2023						March 31, 2023
	Balance1		Revenue2		Margin3		Balance1		Revenue2		Margin3
Managed fiduciary assets:
Personal	$	10,687,370	$	26,741	1.00	%	$	10,609,920	$	24,839	0.94	%
Institutional	18,705,828		9,103		0.19	%	18,683,598		9,223		0.20	%
Total managed fiduciary assets	29,393,198		35,844		0.49	%	29,293,518		34,062		0.47	%
Non-managed assets:
Fiduciary	28,480,670		14,300		0.20	%	28,164,407		13,785		0.20	%
Non-fiduciary	20,910,245		2,853		0.05	%	19,830,593		2,810		0.06	%
Safekeeping and brokerage assets under administration	24,834,827		—		—	%	25,021,601		—		—	%
Total non-managed assets	74,225,742		17,153		0.09	%	73,016,601		16,595		0.09	%
Total assets under management or administration	$	103,618,940	$	52,997	0.20	%	$	102,310,119	$	50,657	0.20	%

	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023						June 30, 2022
	Balance1		Revenue2		Margin3		Balance1		Revenue2		Margin3
Managed fiduciary assets:
Personal	$	10,687,370	$	51,580	0.97	%	$	10,403,398	$	55,720	1.07	%
Institutional	18,705,828		18,326		0.20	%	16,895,773		17,208		0.20	%
Total managed fiduciary assets	29,393,198		69,906		0.48	%	27,299,171		72,928		0.53	%
Non-managed assets:
Fiduciary	28,480,670		28,085		0.20	%	28,673,413		17,791		0.12	%
Non-fiduciary	20,910,245		5,663		0.05	%	18,582,670		5,518		0.06	%
Safekeeping and brokerage assets under administration	24,834,827		—		—	%	21,426,035		—		—	%
Total non-managed assets	74,225,742		33,748		0.09	%	68,682,118		23,309		0.07	%
Total assets under management or administration	$	103,618,940	$	103,654	0.20	%	$	95,981,289	$	96,237	0.20	%

1 Assets under management or administration balance excludes certain assets under custody held by a sub-custodian where minimal revenue is recognized. $19 billion, $18 billion, and $22 billion of such assets are excluded from assets under management or administration for the three months ended June 30, 2023, March 31, 2023, and June 30, 2022, respectively.

2    Fiduciary and asset management revenue includes asset-based and other fees associated with the assets.

3    Annualized revenue divided by period-end balance.

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A summary of changes in assets under management or administration for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 follows:

Table 4 – Changes in Assets Under Management or Administration

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	102,310,119	$	101,081,355	$	99,735,040	$	104,917,721
Net inflows (outflows)	(288,434)		(508,292)		(805,352)		(2,282,348)
Net change in fair value	1,597,255		(4,591,774)		4,689,252		(6,654,084)
Ending balance	$	103,618,940	$	95,981,289	$	103,618,940	$	95,981,289

Assets under management as of June 30, 2023 consist of 43 percent fixed income, 33 percent equities, 15 percent cash, and 9 percent alternative investments.

Deposit Service Charges

Deposit service charges and fees increased $1.1 million over the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to commercial customers holding lower compensating non-interest deposit balances to cover fees. Overdraft and non-sufficient funds fees earned primarily on consumer deposit accounts totaled $5.1 million, largely unchanged compared to the prior quarter.

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Mortgage Banking Revenue

Mortgage banking revenue was relatively consistent with the first quarter of 2023. Mortgage production volume increased $33 million to $198 million. Production revenue as a percentage of production volume, which includes unrealized gains and losses on our mortgage commitment pipeline and related hedges, increased 24 basis points to (0.14) percent.

Table 5 – Mortgage Banking Revenue 

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended						Increase (Decrease)			% Increase (Decrease)		Six Months Ended						Increase (Decrease)			% Increase (Decrease)
	June 30, 2023			Mar. 31, 2023								June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Mortgage production revenue	$	(284)		$	(633)		$	349		55	%	$	(917)		$	4,551		$	(5,468)		(120)	%
Mortgage loans funded for sale	$	214,785		$	138,624							$	353,409		$	779,103
Add: Current period end outstanding commitments	55,031			71,693								55,031			106,004
Less: Prior period end outstanding commitments	71,693			45,492								45,492			171,412
Total mortgage production volume	$	198,123		$	164,825		$	33,298		20	%	$	362,948		$	713,695		$	(350,747)		(49)	%
Mortgage loan refinances to mortgage loans funded for sale	8		%	9		%	(100)		bps			—		%	32		%	(3,200)		bps
Realized margin on funded mortgage loans	(0.14)		%	(1.25)		%	111		bps			(0.57)		%	1.29		%	(186)		bps
Production revenue as a percentage of production volume	(0.14)		%	(0.38)		%	24		bps			(0.25)		%	0.64		%	(89)		bps
Primary mortgage interest rates:
Average	6.56		%	6.33		%	23		bps			6.45		%	4.54		%	191		bps
Period end	6.70		%	6.24		%	46		bps			6.70		%	5.70		%	100		bps
Mortgage servicing revenue	$	15,425		$	15,000		$	425		3	%	$	30,425		$	23,467		$	6,958		30	%
Average outstanding principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others	20,807,044			21,121,319			(314,275)			(1)	%	20,964,181			16,745,962			$	4,218,219		25	%
Average mortgage servicing revenue rates	0.30		%	0.29		%	1		bp			0.29		%	0.28		%	1		bp

Primary rates disclosed in Table 5 above represent rates generally available to borrowers on 30 year conforming mortgage loans.

Net gains on other assets, securities and derivatives

Net gains on other assets were $12.6 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared to net gains of $2.3 million in the first quarter of 2023. The current quarter included a gain on alternative investments of $8.1 million, largely attributable to merchant banking activity. Changes in fair value related to deferred compensation investments increased $2.7 million. We also recognized a $3.0 million loss on the sale of available for sale securities in the second quarter to improve the overall economics of the portfolio going forward.

- 9 -

As discussed in the Market Risk section following, the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs") changes in response to changes in primary mortgage loan rates and other assumptions. We attempt to mitigate the earnings volatility caused by changes in the fair value of MSRs by designating certain financial instruments as an economic hedge. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are generally expected to partially offset changes in the fair value of MSRs.

Table 6 – Gain (Loss) on Mortgage Servicing Rights

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Loss on mortgage hedge derivative contracts, net	$	(8,099)	$	(1,711)	$	(9,810)	$	(60,333)
Loss on fair value option securities, net	(2,158)		(2,962)		(5,120)		(13,422)
Gain (loss) on economic hedge of mortgage servicing rights, net	(10,257)		(4,673)		(14,930)		(73,755)
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	9,261		(6,059)		3,202		66,595
Loss on changes in fair value of mortgage servicing rights, net of economic hedges included in other operating revenue	(996)		(10,732)		(11,728)		(7,160)
Net interest revenue (expense) on fair value option securities1	(232)		187		(45)		658
Total economic benefit (cost) of changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights, net of economic hedges	$	(1,228)	$	(10,545)	$	(11,773)	$	(6,502)

1    Actual interest earned on fair value option securities less internal transfer-priced cost of funds.

- 10 -

Other Operating Expense

Other operating expense for the second quarter of 2023 totaled $318.7 million, an increase of $12.9 million compared to the first quarter of 2023. Our efficiency ratio1 was 58.75% for the second quarter of 2023, compared to 56.79% in the prior quarter.

Table 7 – Other Operating Expense

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)		Six Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
	June 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023						June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Regular compensation	$	109,197	$	105,118	$	4,079	4	%	$	214,315	$	194,796	$	19,519	10	%
Incentive compensation:
Cash-based	48,331		41,735		6,596		16	%	90,066		73,924		16,142		22	%
Share-based	4,566		5,257		(691)		(13)	%	9,823		2,714		7,109		262	%
Deferred compensation	2,685		1,710		975		N/A		4,395		(9,094)		13,489		N/A
Total incentive compensation	55,582		48,702		6,880		14	%	104,284		67,544		36,740		54	%
Employee benefits	25,873		28,325		(2,452)		(9)	%	54,198		51,811		2,387		5	%
Total personnel expense	190,652		182,145		8,507		5	%	372,797		314,151		58,646		19	%
Business promotion	7,640		8,569		(929)		(11)	%	16,209		12,838		3,371		26	%
Charitable contributions to BOKF Foundation	1,142		—		1,142		N/A		1,142		—		1,142		N/A
Professional fees and services	12,777		13,048		(271)		(2)	%	25,825		23,888		1,937		8	%
Net occupancy and equipment	30,105		28,459		1,646		6	%	58,564		58,344		220		—	%
Insurance	6,974		7,315		(341)		(5)	%	14,289		9,011		5,278		59	%
Data processing and communications	45,307		44,802		505		1	%	90,109		81,116		8,993		11	%
Printing, postage and supplies	3,728		3,893		(165)		(4)	%	7,621		7,618		3		—	%
Amortization of intangible assets	3,474		3,391		83		2	%	6,865		8,013		(1,148)		(14)	%
Mortgage banking costs	8,300		5,782		2,518		44	%	14,082		17,314		(3,232)		(19)	%
Other expense	8,574		8,408		166		2	%	16,982		18,980		(1,998)		(11)	%
Total other operating expense	$	318,673	$	305,812	$	12,861	4	%	$	624,485	$	551,273	$	73,212	13	%
Average number of employees (full-time equivalent)	4,875		4,796		79		2	%	4,819		4,735		84		2	%

Certain percentage increases (decreases) are not meaningful for comparison purposes.

Personnel expense

Personnel expense increased $8.5 million compared to the first quarter of 2023. Cash-based incentive compensation increased $6.6 million, driven by sales activities. Regular compensation increased $4.1 million, representing the full quarter impact of our annual merit increases in March. Employee benefits expense decreased $2.5 million, primarily due to a seasonal decrease in payroll taxes, partially offset by higher healthcare costs.

Non-personnel operating expense

Non-personnel expense totaled $128.0 million for the second quarter of 2023, an increase of $4.4 million compared to the first quarter of 2023. Mortgage banking costs increased $2.5 million, largely from higher seasonal prepayments. Occupancy and equipment costs grew $1.6 million, primarily due to seasonal increases in general building operating costs. The second quarter of 2023 also included a $1.1 million charitable donation to the BOKF Foundation.

1    See Explanation and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures following.

- 11 -

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 22.5 percent for the second quarter of 2023 and 22.0 percent for the first quarter of 2023. The effective rate for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 were 22.3 percent and 21.1 percent, respectively, increasing primarily due to higher forecasted and actual pre-tax income.

Lines of Business

We operate three principal lines of business: Commercial Banking, Consumer Banking and Wealth Management. Commercial Banking includes lending, treasury and cash management services and customer risk management products for small businesses, middle market and larger commercial customers. Commercial Banking also includes the TransFund EFT network. Consumer Banking includes retail lending and deposit services, lending and deposit services to small business customers served through our consumer branch network and all mortgage banking activities. Wealth Management provides fiduciary services, private banking services, insurance and investment advisory services in all markets. Wealth Management also underwrites state and municipal securities and engages in brokerage and trading activities.

In addition to our lines of business, we have a Funds Management unit. The primary purpose of this unit is to manage our overall liquidity needs and interest rate risk. Each line of business borrows funds from and provides funds to the Funds Management unit as needed to support their operations. Operating results for Funds Management and other include the effect of interest rate risk positions and risk management activities, securities gains and losses including impairment charges, the provision for credit losses in excess of net loans charged off, tax planning strategies and certain executive compensation costs that are not attributed to the lines of business.

We allocate resources and evaluate the performance of our lines of business using the net direct contribution, which includes the allocation of funds and capital costs. Credit costs are attributed to the lines of business based on net loans charged off or recovered. The difference between credit costs attributed to the lines of business and the consolidated provision for credit losses is attributed to Funds Management. In addition, we measure the performance of our business lines after allocations of certain indirect expenses and taxes based on statutory rates.

The cost of funds borrowed from the Funds Management unit by the operating lines of business is transfer priced at rates that approximate market rates for funds with similar repricing and cash flow characteristics. Market rates are generally based on the applicable wholesale borrowing rates or interest rate swap rates, adjusted for prepayment risk and liquidity risk. This method of transfer-pricing funds that support assets of the operating lines of business tends to insulate them from interest rate risk.

The value of funds provided by the operating lines of business to the Funds Management unit is also based on rates that approximate wholesale market rates for funds with similar repricing and cash flow characteristics. Market rates are generally based on a proxy of wholesale borrowing rates or interest rate swap rates. The funds credit formula applied to deposit products with indeterminate maturities is established based on their repricing characteristics reflected in a combination of the short-term wholesale funding rate and a moving average of an intermediate term swap rate, with an appropriate spread applied to both. Shorter duration products are weighted towards the short term wholesale funding rates and longer duration products are weighted towards the intermediate swap rates. The expected duration ranges from 30 days for certain rate-sensitive deposits to five years. For indeterminate-maturity deposits, annual adjustments are made to the funds credit formula each January that attribute more or less deposit credit value to the business lines dependent upon historical and forward-looking interest rate expectations, which are then held constant throughout the remainder of the year. After several years of decreased funding credits provided to business lines from a sustained low interest rate environment, increases in short-term and long-term rates in response to the Federal Reserve's actions to control inflation caused a commensurate increase in funding credits to business lines in the first quarter of 2023, with the offset to Funds Management and other.

Economic capital is assigned to the business units by a capital allocation model that reflects management's assessment of risk. This model assigns capital based upon credit, operating, interest rate and other market risk inherent in our business lines and recognizes the diversification benefits among the units. The level of assigned economic capital is a combination of the risk taken by each business line based on its actual exposures and calibrated to its own loss history where possible. Average invested capital includes economic capital and amounts we have invested in the lines of business.

- 12 -

As shown in Table 8, net income attributable to our lines of business increased $7.4 million compared to the first quarter of 2023. Net interest revenue decreased $7.8 million, primarily due to a decline in deposit balances. Net charge-offs increased $5.8 million to $7.1 million in the second quarter of 2023. Other operating revenue increased $27.8 million. Brokerage and trading revenue increased $13.4 million, with a $9.3 million increase in trading revenue, largely due to a higher volume of U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities trading activity. Customer hedging revenue grew $6.1 million, primarily driven by energy customer activity. The second quarter of 2023 included a gain on alternative investments of $8.1 million resulting from merchant banking activities. Fiduciary and asset management revenue increased $2.3 million, largely due to seasonal tax preparation fees. Operating expense increased $9.3 million over the first quarter of 2023. Personnel expense increased $7.2 million due to a combination of higher incentive compensation costs reflecting sales activity and growth in regular compensation related to our annual merit increases. Non-personnel expense increased $2.2 million, led by higher mortgage banking costs. The decrease in net income attributed to Funds Management and other is largely due to adjustments made that attribute more deposit credit value to the business lines, with the offset to Funds Management and other.

Table 8 – Net Income by Line of Business

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)		Six Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
	June 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023						June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Commercial Banking	$	170,179	$	177,306	$	(7,127)	(4)	%	$	347,485	$	187,644	$	159,841	85	%
Consumer Banking	60,332		50,683		9,649		19	%	111,015		(6,078)		117,093		(1,927)	%
Wealth Management	57,317		52,447		4,870		9	%	109,764		22,766		86,998		382	%
Subtotal	287,828		280,436		7,392		3	%	568,264		204,332		363,932		178	%
Funds Management and other	(136,520)		(118,068)		(18,452)		N/A		(254,588)		(8,998)		(245,590)		N/A
Total	$	151,308	$	162,368	$	(11,060)	(7)	%	$	313,676	$	195,334	$	118,342	61	%

Certain percentage increases (decreases) in non-fees and commissions revenue are not meaningful for comparison purposes based on the nature of the item.

- 13 -

Commercial Banking

Commercial Banking contributed $170.2 million to consolidated net income in the second quarter of 2023, a decrease of $7.1 million or 4 percent compared to the first quarter of 2023.

Table 9 – Commercial Banking

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)		Six Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
	June 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023						June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Net interest revenue from external sources	$	299,712	$	288,258	$	11,454	4	%	$	587,970	$	320,585	$	267,385	83	%
Net interest expense from internal sources	(39,613)		(21,101)		(18,512)		(88)	%	(60,714)		(17,031)		(43,683)		(256)	%
Total net interest revenue	260,099		267,157		(7,058)		(3)	%	527,256		303,554		223,702		74	%
Net loans charged off	6,000		76		5,924		7,795	%	6,076		3,841		2,235		58	%
Net interest revenue after net loans charged off	254,099		267,081		(12,982)		(5)	%	521,180		299,713		221,467		74	%
Fees and commissions revenue	59,704		55,835		3,869		7	%	115,539		116,845		(1,306)		(1)	%
Other gains, net	9,124		1,010		8,114		803	%	10,134		2,270		7,864		346	%
Other operating revenue	68,828		56,845		11,983		21	%	125,673		119,115		6,558		6	%
Personnel expense	46,055		42,747		3,308		8	%	88,802		80,629		8,173		10	%
Non-personnel expense	31,424		30,387		1,037		3	%	61,811		53,892		7,919		15	%
Other operating expense	77,479		73,134		4,345		6	%	150,613		134,521		16,092		12	%
Net direct contribution	245,448		250,792		(5,344)		(2)	%	496,240		284,307		211,933		75	%
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net	231		(58)		289		(498)	%	173		(143)		316		(221)	%
Gain on repossessed assets, net	408		859		(451)		(53)	%	1,267		(2,722)		3,989		(147)	%
Corporate expense allocations	21,404		17,718		3,686		21	%	39,122		32,847		6,275		19	%
Income before taxes	224,683		233,875		(9,192)		(4)	%	458,558		248,595		209,963		84	%
Federal and state income tax	54,504		56,569		(2,065)		(4)	%	111,073		60,951		50,122		82	%
Net income	$	170,179	$	177,306	$	(7,127)	(4)	%	$	347,485	$	187,644	$	159,841	85	%
Average assets	$	28,170,869	$	28,162,934	$	7,935	—	%	$	28,166,923	$	29,545,278	$	(1,378,355)	(5)	%
Average loans	19,158,984		18,750,426		408,558		2	%	18,955,834		17,018,404		1,937,430		11	%
Average deposits	14,822,093		15,861,285		(1,039,192)		(7)	%	15,338,818		19,262,686		(3,923,868)		(20)	%
Average invested capital	2,174,335		2,133,459		40,876		2	%	2,146,562		2,012,227		134,335		7	%

Certain percentage increases (decreases) in non-fees and commissions revenue are not meaningful for comparison purposes based on the nature of the item.

Net interest revenue decreased $7.1 million or 3 percent compared to the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to a decline in demand deposit balances. Net loans charged-off increased $5.9 million to $6.0 million in the second quarter of 2023.

Fees and commissions revenue increased $3.9 million or 7 percent, largely due to growth in customer hedging revenue primarily driven by energy customer activity. Operating expense increased $4.3 million or 6 percent compared to the first quarter of 2023, largely due to increased incentive compensation expense and growth in regular compensation expense related to annual merit increases. Corporate expense allocations increased $3.7 million or 21 percent over the prior quarter. The second quarter of 2023 also included a gain on alternative investments of $8.1 million resulting from merchant banking activities.

- 14 -

Average outstanding balance of loans attributed to Commercial Banking increased $409 million or 2 percent over the first quarter of 2023 to $19.2 billion. See the Loans section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition following for additional discussion of changes in commercial and commercial real estate loans, which are primarily attributed to the Commercial Banking segment. 

Average deposits attributed to Commercial Banking were $14.8 billion for the second quarter of 2023, a $1.0 billion decrease compared to the first quarter of 2023. See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital for further discussion of changes.

- 15 -

Consumer Banking

Consumer Banking provides retail banking services through four primary distribution channels: traditional branches, the 24-hour ExpressBank call center, Internet banking and mobile banking. Consumer Banking also conducts mortgage banking activities through offices located outside of our Consumer Banking markets.

Consumer Banking contributed $60.3 million to consolidated net income for the second quarter of 2023, an increase of $9.6 million or 19 percent over the prior quarter. The net cost of changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights and related economic hedges was $1.2 million compared to $10.5 million for the first quarter of 2023.

Table 10 – Consumer Banking

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)		Six Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
	June 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023						June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Net interest revenue from external sources	$	17,828	$	21,146	$	(3,318)	(16)	%	$	38,974	$	33,699	$	5,275	16	%
Net interest revenue from internal sources	95,563		88,235		7,328		8	%	183,798		27,294		156,504		573	%
Total net interest revenue	113,391		109,381		4,010		4	%	222,772		60,993		161,779		265	%
Net loans charged off	1,129		1,184		(55)		(5)	%	2,313		2,308		5		—	%
Net interest revenue after net loans charged off	112,262		108,197		4,065		4	%	220,459		58,685		161,774		276	%
Fees and commissions revenue	32,361		30,581		1,780		6	%	62,942		64,078		(1,136)		(2)	%
Other gains (losses), net	(84)		29		(113)		(390)	%	(55)		(28)		(27)		96	%
Other operating revenue	32,277		30,610		1,667		5	%	62,887		64,050		(1,163)		(2)	%
Personnel expense	22,468		21,362		1,106		5	%	43,830		42,494		1,336		3	%
Non-personnel expense	29,872		28,836		1,036		4	%	58,708		58,955		(247)		—	%
Total other operating expense	52,340		50,198		2,142		4	%	102,538		101,449		1,089		1	%
Net direct contribution	92,199		88,609		3,590		4	%	180,808		21,286		159,522		749	%
Loss on financial instruments, net	(10,257)		(4,673)		(5,584)		119	%	(14,930)		(73,755)		58,825		(80)	%
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	9,261		(6,059)		15,320		(253)	%	3,202		66,595		(63,393)		(95)	%
Gain on repossessed assets, net	—		14		(14)		(100)	%	14		138		(124)		(90)	%
Corporate expense allocations	12,318		11,622		696		6	%	23,940		22,200		1,740		8	%
Income (loss) before taxes	78,885		66,269		12,616		19	%	145,154		(7,936)		153,090		(1,929)	%
Federal and state income tax	18,553		15,586		2,967		19	%	34,139		(1,858)		35,997		(1,937)	%
Net income (loss)	$	60,332	$	50,683	$	9,649	19	%	$	111,015	$	(6,078)	$	117,093	(1,927)	%
Average assets	$	9,597,723	$	9,934,511	$	(336,788)	(3)	%	$	9,765,186	$	10,306,218	$	(541,032)	(5)	%
Average loans	1,762,568		1,747,237		15,331		1	%	1,754,945		1,671,081		83,864		5	%
Average deposits	7,986,674		8,248,541		(261,867)		(3)	%	8,116,885		8,811,904		(695,019)		(8)	%
Average invested capital	279,257		261,485		17,772		7	%	268,143		248,044		20,099		8	%

Certain percentage increases (decreases) in non-fees and commissions revenue are not meaningful for comparison purposes based on the nature of the item.

- 16 -

Net interest revenue from Consumer Banking activities increased $4.0 million or 4 percent compared to the first quarter of 2023, largely due to an increase in the spread on deposits, partially offset by a decline in deposit balances.

Operating revenue increased $1.7 million or 5 percent, largely due to increased mortgage banking revenue. Mortgage production volume increased $33.3 million to $198.1 million. Operating expense increased $2.1 million or 4 percent. Higher seasonal prepayments led to a $2.5 million increase in mortgage banking costs. Corporate expense allocations were relatively consistent with the first quarter of 2023.

Average loans increased $15.3 million or 1 percent to $1.8 billion over the previous quarter. Average deposits attributed to the Consumer Banking segment decreased $262 million or 3 percent to $8.0 billion compared to the first quarter of 2023.

- 17 -

Wealth Management

Wealth Management contributed $57.3 million to consolidated net income in the second quarter of 2023, an increase of $4.9 million or 9 percent over the first quarter of 2023.

Table 11 – Wealth Management

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)		Six Months Ended				Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
	June 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023						June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Net interest revenue from external sources	$	4,415	$	20,940	$	(16,525)	(79)	%	$	25,355	$	95,643	$	(70,288)	(73)	%
Net interest revenue (expense) from internal sources	44,937		33,166		11,771		35	%	78,103		(2,130)		80,233		3,767	%
Total net interest revenue	49,352		54,106		(4,754)		(9)	%	103,458		93,513		9,945		11	%
Net loans recovered	(45)		(24)		(21)		(88)	%	(69)		(131)		62		47	%
Net interest revenue after net loans recovered	49,397		54,130		(4,733)		(9)	%	103,527		93,644		9,883		11	%
Fees and commissions revenue	123,050		108,911		14,139		13	%	231,961		111,794		120,167		107	%
Other losses, net	(7)		—		(7)		N/A		(7)		(15)		8		(53)	%
Other operating revenue	123,043		108,911		14,132		13	%	231,954		111,779		120,175		108	%
Personnel expense	62,263		59,524		2,739		5	%	121,787		107,737		14,050		13	%
Non-personnel expense	22,596		22,515		81		—	%	45,111		43,275		1,836		4	%
Other operating expense	84,859		82,039		2,820		3	%	166,898		151,012		15,886		11	%
Net direct contribution	87,581		81,002		6,579		8	%	168,583		54,411		114,172		210	%
Corporate expense allocations	12,574		12,360		214		2	%	24,934		24,575		359		1	%
Income before taxes	75,007		68,642		6,365		9	%	143,649		29,836		113,813		381	%
Federal and state income tax	17,690		16,195		1,495		9	%	33,885		7,070		26,815		379	%
Net income	$	57,317	$	52,447	$	4,870	9	%	$	109,764	$	22,766	$	86,998	382	%
Average assets	$	12,949,258	$	11,663,096	$	1,286,162	11	%	$	12,309,730	$	19,101,045	$	(6,791,315)	(36)	%
Average loans	2,230,906		2,201,622		29,284		1	%	2,216,345		2,138,383		77,962		4	%
Average deposits	7,544,143		7,432,413		111,730		2	%	7,488,587		9,047,915		(1,559,328)		(17)	%
Average invested capital	333,902		290,369		43,533		15	%	304,200		279,992		24,208		9	%

Certain percentage increases (decreases) in non-fees and commissions revenue are not meaningful for comparison purposes based on the nature of the item.

- 18 -

Combined net interest revenue and fee revenue increased $9.4 million or 6 percent over the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to an increase of $5.1 million in total revenue from institutional trading activities from higher U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities trading volumes. Fiduciary and asset management revenue increased $2.3 million, largely due to seasonal tax preparation fee income. Other revenue increased $4.5 million. Operating expense increased $2.8 million or 3 percent due to increased cash-based incentive compensation, driven by higher trading activities, combined with increased regular compensation related to annual merit increases. Corporate expense allocations were consistent with the previous quarter.

Average outstanding loans attributed to the Wealth Management segment increased $29.3 million or 1 percent over the prior quarter. Average Wealth Management deposits increased $112 million or 2 percent to $7.5 billion. See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital for further discussion of the changes.

Financial Condition

Securities

We maintain a securities portfolio to enhance profitability, manage interest rate risk, provide liquidity and comply with regulatory requirements. Securities are classified as trading, held for investment, or available for sale. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the composition of the securities portfolio as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

We hold an inventory of trading securities in support of sales to a variety of customers, including banks, corporations, insurance companies, money managers and others. Trading securities increased $3.1 billion to $5.4 billion during the second quarter of 2023 due to favorable market conditions and opportunities. As discussed in the Market Risk section of this report, trading activities involve risk of loss from adverse price movement. We mitigate this risk within board-approved limits through the use of derivative contracts, short-sales and other techniques.

At June 30, 2023, the carrying value of investment (held-to-maturity) securities was $2.4 billion, including a $465 thousand allowance for expected credit losses, compared to $2.4 billion at March 31, 2023 with a $497 thousand allowance for expected credit losses. The fair value of investment securities was $2.2 billion at June 30, 2023, a $122 million decrease compared to the prior quarter. Investment securities consist primarily of residential mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies, intermediate and long-term, fixed rate Oklahoma and Texas municipal bonds, and taxable Texas school construction bonds.

Available for sale securities, which may be sold prior to maturity, are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses, net of deferred taxes, are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity. The amortized cost of available for sale securities totaled $12.8 billion at June 30, 2023, a $158 million increase compared to March 31, 2023. At June 30, 2023, the available for sale securities portfolio consisted primarily of U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities and U.S. government agency commercial mortgage-backed securities. Both residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities have credit risk from delinquency or default of the underlying loans. We mitigate this risk by primarily investing in securities issued by U.S. government agencies. Principal and interest payments on the underlying loans are fully guaranteed. Commercial mortgage-backed securities have prepayment penalties similar to commercial loans.

A primary risk of holding residential mortgage-backed securities comes from extension during periods of rising interest rates or contraction in the form of more rapid prepayments during periods of falling interest rates. We evaluate this risk through extensive modeling of risk both before making an investment and throughout the life of the security. Our best estimate of the duration of the combined residential mortgage-backed securities portfolio held in investment and available for sale securities at June 30, 2023 is 3.5 years, consistent with the same measure as of March 31, 2023. Management estimates the duration extends to 3.9 years assuming an immediate 200 basis point upward shock. The estimated duration contracts to 2.9 years assuming a 200 basis point decline in the current rate environment. The duration of the total investment portfolio is 3.3 years, extends to 3.5 years in an upward shock of 200 basis points, and contracts to 3.0 years in a down 200 basis point shock scenario. Management also regularly monitors the impact of interest rate risk on the available for sale securities portfolio on our tangible equity ratio under various shock scenarios.

- 19 -

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

We have approximately $411 million of bank-owned life insurance at June 30, 2023. This investment is expected to provide a long-term source of earnings to support existing employee benefit programs. Approximately $316 million is held in separate accounts and $95 million represents the cash surrender value of policies held in general accounts and other amounts due from various insurance companies. Our separate account holdings are invested in diversified portfolios of investment-grade fixed income securities and cash equivalents, including U.S. Treasury and Agency securities, residential mortgage-backed securities, corporate debt, asset-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities. The portfolios are managed by unaffiliated professional managers within parameters established in the portfolio's investment guidelines. The cash surrender value of certain life insurance policies is further supported by a stable value wrap, which protects against changes in the fair value of the investments. As of June 30, 2023, the fair value of investments held in separate accounts covered by the stable value wrap was approximately $287 million. Since the underlying fair value of the investments held in separate accounts at June 30, 2023 was below the net book value of the investments, $27 million of cash surrender value was supported by the stable value wrap. The remaining $2 million of fair value held in separate accounts is not supported by the stable value wrap. Future rate increases may cause write-downs in the short-term. The stable value wrap is provided by an investment grade financial institution. 

- 20 -

Loans

The aggregate loan portfolio before allowance for loan losses totaled $23.2 billion at June 30, 2023, growing $488 million over March 31, 2023, driven by growth in commercial loans, commercial real estate loans and loans to individuals.

Table 12 – Loans

(In thousands)

	Jun. 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Sep. 30, 2022		Jun. 30, 2022
Commercial:
Healthcare	$	3,991,387	$	3,899,341	$	3,845,017	$	3,826,623	$	3,696,963
Services	3,585,169		3,563,702		3,431,521		3,280,925		3,421,493
Energy	3,508,752		3,398,057		3,424,790		3,371,588		3,393,072
General business	3,449,208		3,356,249		3,511,171		3,148,783		3,110,309
Total commercial	14,534,516		14,217,349		14,212,499		13,627,919		13,621,837
Commercial real estate:
Multifamily	1,502,971		1,363,881		1,212,883		1,126,700		878,565
Industrial	1,349,709		1,309,435		1,221,501		1,103,905		953,626
Office	1,005,660		1,045,700		1,053,331		1,086,615		1,100,115
Retail	617,886		618,264		620,518		635,021		637,304
Residential construction and land development	106,370		102,828		95,684		91,690		111,575
Other commercial real estate	388,205		375,208		402,860		429,980		424,963
Total commercial real estate	4,970,801		4,815,316		4,606,777		4,473,911		4,106,148
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage	1,993,690		1,926,027		1,890,784		1,851,836		1,784,729
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	186,170		224,753		245,940		262,466		293,838
Personal	1,552,482		1,566,608		1,601,150		1,574,325		1,484,596
Total loans to individuals	3,732,342		3,717,388		3,737,874		3,688,627		3,563,163
Total	$	23,237,659	$	22,750,053	$	22,557,150	$	21,790,457	$	21,291,148

Commercial

Commercial loans represent loans for working capital, facilities acquisition or expansion, purchases of equipment and other needs of commercial customers primarily located within our geographical footprint. These loans are underwritten individually and represent ongoing relationships based on a thorough knowledge of the customer, the customer's industry and market. While commercial loans are generally secured by the customer's assets including real property, inventory, accounts receivable, operating equipment, interests in mineral rights and other property and may also include personal guarantees of the owners and related parties, the primary source of repayment of the loans is the ongoing cash flow from operations of the customer's business. In addition, revolving lines of credit are generally governed by a borrowing base. Inherent lending risks are centrally monitored on a continuous basis from underwriting throughout the life of the loan for compliance with commercial lending policies.

Commercial loans totaled $14.5 billion or 63 percent of the loan portfolio at June 30, 2023, a $317 million increase over March 31, 2023 with growth in all commercial loan categories.

Approximately 71 percent of loans in this segment are located within our geographic footprint based on collateral location. Loans for which the collateral location is less relevant, such as unsecured loans and reserve-based energy loans are categorized by the borrower's primary operating location. The largest concentration of loans in this segment outside of our footprint is California, totaling 5 percent of the segment.

- 21 -

Supporting the energy industry with loans to producers and other energy-related entities has been a hallmark of the Company since its founding and represents a large portion of our commercial loan portfolio. In addition, energy production and related industries have a significant impact on the economy in our primary markets. Loans collateralized by oil and gas properties are subject to a semi-annual engineering review by our internal staff of petroleum engineers. This review is used as the basis for developing the expected cash flows supporting the loan amount. The projected cash flows are discounted according to risk characteristics of the underlying oil and gas properties. Loans are evaluated to demonstrate with reasonable certainty that crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids can be recovered from known oil and gas reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions at current pricing levels and with existing conventional equipment and operating methods and costs. As part of our evaluation of credit quality, we analyze rigorous stress tests over a range of commodity prices and take proactive steps to mitigate risk when appropriate.

Outstanding energy loans totaled $3.5 billion or 15 percent of total loans at June 30, 2023, a $111 million increase compared to March 31, 2023. Approximately $2.7 billion of energy loans were to oil and gas producers, a $12 million decrease compared to March 31, 2023. The majority of this portfolio is first lien, senior secured, reserve-based lending, which we believe is the lowest risk form of energy lending. Approximately 67 percent of the committed production loans are secured by properties primarily producing oil, and 33 percent of the committed production loans are secured by properties primarily producing natural gas.

Loans to midstream oil and gas companies totaled $576 million at June 30, 2023, a $57 million increase compared to March 31, 2023. Loans to borrowers that provide services to the energy industry totaled $119 million at June 30, 2023, a decrease of $7.0 million. Loans to other energy borrowers, including those engaged in wholesale or retail energy sales, totaled $139 million, a $73 million increase over the prior quarter.

Unfunded energy loan commitments were $4.3 billion at June 30, 2023, growing $224 million over March 31, 2023.

The healthcare sector of the loan portfolio totaled $4.0 billion or 17 percent of total loans. Healthcare loans increased $92 million over March 31, 2023, primarily due to growth in loans to senior housing facilities and other medical practices. This was partially offset by a decrease in loans to hospital systems compared to the prior quarter. Healthcare sector loans consist primarily of loans for the development and operation of senior housing and care facilities including independent living, assisted living and skilled nursing. Generally we loan to borrowers with a portfolio of multiple facilities that serves to help diversify risks specific to a single facility.

The services sector of the loan portfolio totaled $3.6 billion or 15 percent of total loans, a $21 million increase compared to the prior quarter. Service sector loans consist of a large number of loans to a variety of businesses including Native American tribal and state and local governments, Native American tribal casino operations, foundations and not-for-profit organizations, educational services and specialty trade contractors. Approximately $1.7 billion of the services category is made up of loans with individual balances of less than $10 million. Services sector loans are generally secured by the assets of the borrower with repayment coming from the cash flows of ongoing operations of the customer's business.

General business loans totaled $3.4 billion or 15 percent of total loans, an increase of $93 million compared to the prior quarter. General business loans consist of $2.0 billion of wholesale/retail loans and $1.4 billion of loans from other commercial industries.

We participate in shared national credits when appropriate to obtain or maintain business relationships with local customers. Shared national credits are defined by banking regulators as credits of $100 million or more and with three or more non-affiliated banks as participants. At June 30, 2023, the outstanding principal balance of these loans totaled $5.6 billion, including $2.6 billion of energy loans. Substantially all of these loans are to borrowers with local market relationships. We serve as the agent lender in approximately 22 percent of our shared national credits, based on dollars committed. We hold shared national credits to the same standard of analysis and perform the same level of review as internally originated credits. Our lending policies generally avoid loans in which we do not have the opportunity to maintain or achieve other business relationships with the customer. In addition to management's quarterly assessment of credit risk, banking regulators annually review a sample of shared national credits for proper risk grading.

- 22 -

Commercial Real Estate

Commercial real estate represents loans for the construction of buildings or other improvements to real estate and property held by borrowers for investment purposes generally within our geographical footprint. We require collateral values in excess of the loan amounts, demonstrated cash flows in excess of expected debt service requirements, equity investment in the project and a portion of the project already sold, leased or permanent financing already secured. The expected cash flows from all significant new or renewed income producing property commitments are stress tested to reflect the risks in varying interest rates, vacancy rates and rental rates. As with commercial loans, inherent lending risks are centrally monitored on a continuous basis from underwriting throughout the life of the loan for compliance with applicable lending policies.

The outstanding balance of commercial real estate loans grew by $155 million over March 31, 2023 to $5.0 billion or 21 percent of total loans at June 30, 2023. Multifamily residential loans increased $139 million to $1.5 billion, loans secured by industrial facilities grew by $40 million to $1.3 billion and other real estate loans increased by $13 million at June 30, 2023. This growth was partially offset by a $40 million decrease in loans secured by office facilities.

Approximately 67 percent of loans in this segment are in our geographic footprint based on collateral location. The largest concentration of loans in this segment outside our footprint is Utah, totaling 9 percent of the segment. All other states represent less than 5 percent individually.

Unfunded commercial real estate loan commitments were $2.4 billion at June 30, 2023, a decrease of $306 million compared to March 31, 2023. We take a disciplined approach to managing our concentration of commercial real estate loan commitments as a percentage of Tier 1 Capital. While loan commitments are presently at the upper concentration limit, we expect continued growth in our commercial real estate balances as loans fund, primarily in the multifamily and industrial loan portfolios.

Loans to Individuals

Loans to individuals include residential mortgage and personal loans. Residential mortgage loans provide funds for our customers to purchase or refinance their primary residence or to borrow against the equity in their home. These loans are secured by a first or second mortgage on the customer's primary residence. Personal loans consist primarily of loans to Wealth Management clients secured by the cash surrender value of insurance policies and marketable securities. Personal loans also include direct loans secured by and for the purchase of automobiles, recreational and marine equipment as well as unsecured loans. These loans are made in accordance with underwriting policies we believe to be conservative and are fully documented. Loans may be individually underwritten or credit scored based on size and other criteria. Credit scoring is assessed based on significant credit characteristics including credit history, residential and employment stability.

In general, we sell the majority of our conforming fixed-rate loan originations in the secondary market and retain the majority of our non-conforming and adjustable-rate mortgage loans. Our mortgage loan portfolio does not include payment option adjustable-rate mortgage loans or adjustable-rate mortgage loans with initial rates that are below market. Home equity loans are primarily first-lien and fully amortizing.

Residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies have limited credit exposure because of the agency guarantee. This amount includes residential mortgage loans previously sold into GNMA mortgage pools that the Company may repurchase when certain defined delinquency criteria are met. Because of this repurchase right, the Company is deemed to have regained effective control over these loans and must include them on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Loans to individuals totaled $3.7 billion or 16% of the loan portfolio, an increase of $15.0 million compared to March 31, 2023. Approximately 91 percent of the loans in this segment are secured by collateral located within our geographical footprint. Loans for which the collateral location is less relevant, such as unsecured loans, are categorized by the borrower's primary location.

The Company secondarily evaluates loan portfolio performance based on the primary geographical market managing the loan. Loans attributed to a geographical market may not represent the location of the borrower or the collateral. All permanent mortgage loans serviced by our mortgage banking unit and held for investment by the Company are centrally managed by the Oklahoma market.

- 23 -

Table 13 – Loans Managed by Primary Geographical Market

(In thousands)

	Jun. 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Sep. 30, 2022		Jun. 30, 2022
Texas:
Commercial	$	7,223,820	$	7,103,166	$	6,878,618	$	6,644,890	$	6,645,698
Commercial real estate	1,748,796		1,675,831		1,555,508		1,448,590		1,339,452
Loans to individuals	974,911		992,343		982,700		970,459		934,856
Total Texas	9,947,527		9,771,340		9,416,826		9,063,939		8,920,006
Oklahoma:
Commercial	3,251,547		3,178,934		3,382,577		3,108,608		3,139,093
Commercial real estate	573,559		574,708		582,109		608,856		576,458
Loans to individuals	2,079,311		2,049,472		2,077,124		2,054,362		1,982,247
Total Oklahoma	5,904,417		5,803,114		6,041,810		5,771,826		5,697,798
Colorado:
Commercial	2,179,473		2,148,066		2,149,199		2,117,181		2,082,688
Commercial real estate	683,973		646,537		613,912		565,057		473,231
Loans to individuals	223,200		231,368		241,902		237,981		234,105
Total Colorado	3,086,646		3,025,971		3,005,013		2,920,219		2,790,024
Arizona:
Commercial	1,177,778		1,115,973		1,124,289		1,103,000		1,085,401
Commercial real estate	926,750		881,465		860,947		850,319		766,767
Loans to individuals	242,102		240,556		229,872		225,981		212,870
Total Arizona	2,346,630		2,237,994		2,215,108		2,179,300		2,065,038
Kansas/Missouri:
Commercial	309,148		318,782		310,715		307,456		338,910
Commercial real estate	516,299		489,951		479,968		466,955		458,157
Loans to individuals	138,960		129,580		131,307		125,039		125,584
Total Kansas/Missouri	964,407		938,313		921,990		899,450		922,651
New Mexico:
Commercial	287,443		280,945		263,349		258,754		253,825
Commercial real estate	425,472		449,715		417,008		426,367		431,606
Loans to individuals	64,803		65,770		67,163		68,095		67,026
Total New Mexico	777,718		796,430		747,520		753,216		752,457
Arkansas:
Commercial	105,307		71,483		103,752		88,030		76,222
Commercial real estate	95,952		97,109		97,325		107,767		60,477
Loans to individuals	9,055		8,299		7,806		6,710		6,475
Total Arkansas	210,314		176,891		208,883		202,507		143,174
Total BOK Financial loans	$	23,237,659	$	22,750,053	$	22,557,150	$	21,790,457	$	21,291,148

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Off-Balance Sheet Commitments

We enter into certain off-balance sheet arrangements in the normal course of business as shown in Table 14. Loan commitments may be unconditional obligations to provide financing or conditional obligations that depend on the borrower's financial condition, collateral value or other factors. Standby letters of credit are unconditional commitments to guarantee the performance of our customer to a third party. Since some of these commitments are expected to expire before being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

We have off-balance sheet commitments related to certain residential mortgage loans sold into mortgage-backed securities as part of our mortgage banking activities. We retain off-balance sheet credit risk related to losses in excess of amounts guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ("VA").

We also have off-balance sheet credit risk related to certain residential mortgage loans primarily originated under community development loan programs that were sold to a U.S. government agency with full recourse prior to 2007. We are obligated to repurchase these loans for the life of these loans in the event of foreclosure for the unpaid principal and interest at the time of foreclosure. The majority of our conforming fixed rate loan originations are sold in the secondary market, and we only retain repurchase obligations under standard underwriting representations and warranties.

Table 14 – Off-Balance Sheet Credit Commitments

(In thousands)

	Jun. 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Sep. 30, 2022		Jun. 30, 2022
Loan commitments	$	14,979,253	$	15,119,984	$	15,424,431	$	14,585,566	$	13,470,286
Standby letters of credit	721,908		790,316		740,039		725,302		700,929
Unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans sold with recourse	42,041		43,510		44,742		46,199		48,775
Unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans transferred into mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs	988,212		996,139		1,005,368		1,021,504		1,038,317

Customer Hedging Programs

We offer programs that permit our customers to hedge various risks, including fluctuations in energy, cattle and other agricultural product prices, interest rates and foreign exchange rates. Each of these programs work essentially the same way. Derivative contracts are executed between the customers and the Company. Offsetting contracts are executed between the Company and selected counterparties to minimize market risk due to changes in commodity prices, interest rates or foreign exchange rates. The counterparty contracts are identical to the customer contracts except for a fixed pricing spread or a fee paid to us as compensation for administrative costs, credit risk and profit.

The customer hedging programs create credit risk for potential amounts due to the Company from our customers and from the counterparties. Customer credit risk is monitored through existing credit policies and procedures. The effects of changes in commodity prices, interest rates or foreign exchange rates are evaluated across a range of possible scenarios to determine the maximum exposure we are willing to have individually to any customer. Customers may also be required to provide cash margin or other collateral in conjunction with our credit agreements to further limit our credit risk.

Counterparty credit risk is evaluated through existing policies and procedures. This evaluation considers the total relationship between BOK Financial and each of the counterparties. Individual limits are established by management, approved by Credit Administration and reviewed by the Asset/Liability Committee. Margin collateral is required if the exposure between the Company and any counterparty exceeds established limits. Based on declines in the counterparties' credit ratings, these limits may be reduced and additional margin collateral may be required.

A deterioration of the credit standing of one or more of the customers or counterparties to these contracts may result in BOK Financial recognizing a loss as the fair value of the affected contracts may no longer move in tandem with the offsetting contracts. This occurs if the credit standing of the customer or counterparty deteriorates such that either the fair value of underlying collateral no longer supports the contract or the customer or the counterparty's ability to provide margin collateral becomes impaired. Credit losses on customer derivatives reduce brokerage and trading revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

- 25 -

Derivative contracts are carried at fair value. At June 30, 2023, the net fair values of derivative contracts, before consideration of cash margin, reported as assets under these programs totaled $538 million compared to $572 million at March 31, 2023. At June 30, 2023, the net fair value of our derivative contracts included $327 million for energy contracts, $150 million for interest rate swaps and $61 million for foreign exchange contracts. The aggregate net fair value of derivative contracts, before consideration of cash margin, held under these programs reported as liabilities totaled $526 million at June 30, 2023 and $578 million at March 31, 2023.

At June 30, 2023, total derivative assets were reduced by $269 million of cash collateral received from counterparties and total derivative liabilities were reduced by $23 million of cash collateral paid to counterparties related to instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement. Derivative contracts executed with customers may be secured by non-cash collateral in conjunction with a credit agreement with that customer, such as proven producing oil and gas properties. Access to this collateral in an event of default is reasonably assured.

A table showing the notional and fair value of derivative assets and liabilities on both a gross and net basis is presented in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The fair value of derivative contracts reported as assets under these programs, net of cash margin held by the Company, by category of debtor at June 30, 2023 follows in Table 15.

Table 15 – Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

(In thousands)

Customers	$	94,769
Banks and other financial institutions	40,734
Exchanges and clearing organizations	133,770
Fair value of customer risk management program asset derivative contracts, net	$	269,273

At June 30, 2023, our largest derivative exposure was to an exchange for $133 million of net derivative positions, net of cash margin.

Our customer hedging program also introduces liquidity and capital risk. We are required to provide cash margin to certain counterparties when the net negative fair value of the contracts exceeds established limits. Also, changes in commodity prices affect the amount of regulatory capital we are required to hold as support for the fair value of our derivative assets. These risks are modeled as part of the management of these programs. Based on current prices, a decrease in market prices down to an equivalent of $53.08 per barrel of oil would decrease the fair value of derivative assets by $32 million, with lending customers comprising the bulk of the assets. An increase in prices up to an equivalent of $88.20 per barrel of oil would increase the fair value of derivative assets by $580 million as asset values rise faster than margin paid. Liquidity requirements of this program may also be affected by our credit rating. At June 30, 2023, a decrease in our credit rating to below investment grade would increase our obligation to post cash margin on existing contracts by approximately $10 million. The fair value of our to-be-announced residential mortgage-backed securities and interest rate swap derivative contracts is affected by changes in interest rates. Based on our assessment as of June 30, 2023, changes in interest rates would not materially impact regulatory capital or liquidity needed to support this portion of our customer derivative program.

- 26 -

Summary of Credit Loss Experience

Table 16 – Summary of Credit Loss Experience

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023			Mar. 31, 2023			Dec. 31, 2022			Sep. 30, 2022			Jun. 30, 2022
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	249,460		$	235,704		241,768			241,114			246,473
Loans charged off	(8,049)			(3,667)			(17,807)			(1,766)			(1,368)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	1,346			2,898			2,301			1,309			2,167
Net loans recovered (charged off)	(6,703)			(769)			(15,506)			(457)			799
Provision for credit losses	19,957			14,525			9,442			1,111			(6,158)
Ending balance	$	262,714		$	249,460		$	235,704		$	241,768		$	241,114
Accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:
Beginning balance	$	62,943		$	60,919		56,310			42,250			36,245
Provision for credit losses	(3,003)			2,024			4,609			14,060			6,005
Ending balance	$	59,940		$	62,943		$	60,919		$	56,310		$	42,250
Accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk associated with mortgage banking activities:
Beginning balance	$	4,381		$	4,904		3,885			4,003			3,997
Loans charged off	(16)			(35)			16			(52)			(63)
Provision for credit losses	78			(488)			1,003			(66)			69
Ending balance	$	4,443		$	4,381		$	4,904		$	3,885		$	4,003
Allowance for credit losses related to held-to-maturity (investment) securities:
Beginning balance	$	497		$	558		$	612		$	717		$	633
Provision for credit losses	(32)			(61)			(54)			(105)			84
Ending balance	$	465		$	497		$	558		$	612		$	717
Total provision for credit losses	$	17,000		$	16,000		$	15,000		$	15,000		$	—
Average loans by portfolio segment :
Commercial	$	14,316,474		$	14,046,237		$	13,846,339		$	13,508,325		$	13,472,488
Commercial real estate	4,896,230			4,757,362			4,488,091			4,434,650			4,061,129
Loans to individuals	3,676,350			3,672,648			3,641,574			3,656,257			3,524,097
Net charge-offs (annualized) to average loans	0.12		%	0.01		%	0.28		%	0.01		%	(0.02)		%
Net charge-offs (annualized) to average loans by portfolio segment:
Commercial	0.06		%	(0.06)		%	0.42		%	(0.02)		%	(0.05)		%
Commercial real estate	0.32		%	0.17		%	—		%	—		%	0.01		%
Loans to individuals	0.08		%	0.07		%	0.12		%	0.12		%	0.08		%
Recoveries to gross charge-offs	16.72		%	79.03		%	12.92		%	74.12		%	158.41		%
Provision for loan losses (annualized) to average loans	0.35		%	0.26		%	0.17		%	0.02		%	(0.12)		%
Allowance for loan losses to loans outstanding at period-end	1.13		%	1.10		%	1.04		%	1.11		%	1.13		%
Accrual for unfunded loan commitments to loan commitments	0.40		%	0.42		%	0.39		%	0.39		%	0.31		%
Combined allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments to loans outstanding at period-end	1.39		%	1.37		%	1.31		%	1.37		%	1.33		%

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Allowance for Loan Losses and Accrual for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Risk from Unfunded Loan Commitments

Expected credit losses on assets carried at amortized cost are recognized over their expected lives based on models that measure the probability of default and loss given default over a 12-month reasonable and supportable forecast period. Models incorporate base case, downside and upside macroeconomic variables such as real gross domestic product ("GDP") growth, civilian unemployment rate, commercial real estate vacancy rates and West Texas Intermediate ("WTI") oil prices on a probability weighted basis. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of methodology of allowance for loan losses.

A $17.0 million provision for credit losses was necessary for the second quarter of 2023, primarily related to higher assumed commercial real estate vacancy rates during the forecast period and overall loan portfolio growth during the quarter. The probability weighting of our base case reasonable and supportable forecast remained at 50 percent in the second quarter of 2023 as the level of uncertainty in economic forecasts remained high.

Non-pass grade loans, including loans especially mentioned, accruing substandard and nonaccruing loans decreased by $33 million compared to March 31, 2023, primarily due to a decrease in non-pass grade general business loans. A summary of outstanding loan balances by risk grade is included in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

- 28 -

A summary of macroeconomic variables considered in developing our estimate of expected credit losses at June 30, 2023 follows:

	Base	Downside	Upside
Scenario probability weighting	50%	40%	10%
Economic outlook	The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains isolated. There is one federal funds rate increase at the Federal Reserve Open Market ("FOMC") meeting in the third quarter of 2023, which results in a target range of 5.25 percent to 5.50 percent. There are no additional rate increases for the remainder of the forecast period. Inflation continues to improve from the peaks experienced in 2022, reaching 3.1 percent by the second quarter of 2024. Inflation pressures cause modest declines in real household income compared to pre-pandemic levels, resulting in below-trend GDP growth. Job openings revert to more normalized levels and overall hiring levels decline, causing the national unemployment rate to modestly increase over the next four quarters.	The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains isolated. Higher levels of inflation force the Federal Reserve to adopt a more aggressive monetary policy compared to the base case scenario. This results in a target range of 6.00 percent to 6.25 percent by the second quarter of 2024. This pushes the United States into a recession, with a contraction in economic activity and a sharp increase in the unemployment rate. Inflation moderates slightly from peaks in 2022 and remains elevated through the forecast horizon, ending at 3.8 percent in the second quarter of 2024.	The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains isolated. There are no additional rate increases and the terminal range of 5.00 percent to 5.25 percent is held flat for the remainder of the forecast horizon. Inflation continues to improve from the peaks experienced in 2022 and reaches 2.6 percent by the second quarter of 2024. Labor force participants continue to re-enter the job market to help fill the elevated level of job openings. The increase in employment helps maintain household income above its pre-pandemic trend. This, coupled with the drawdown in savings, supports consumer spending and produces GDP growth consistent with pre-pandemic levels.
Macro-economic factors	–GDP is forecasted to grow by 1.0 percent over the next 12 months. –Civilian unemployment rate of 3.8 percent in the third quarter of 2023 increases to 4.2 percent by the second quarter of 2024. –WTI oil prices are projected to generally follow the NYMEX forward curve that existed at the end of June 2023 and are expected to average $69.39 per barrel over the next 12 months.	–GDP is forecasted to contract 2.0 percent over the next twelve months. –Civilian unemployment rate of 4.7 percent in the third quarter of 2023 increases to 6.1 percent in the second quarter of 2024. –WTI oil prices are projected to average $55.78 over the next 12 months, with a peak of $62.31 in the third quarter of 2023 and falling 19 percent over the following three quarters.	–GDP is forecasted to grow by 1.5 percent over the next 12 months. –Civilian unemployment rate of 3.7 percent in the third quarter of 2023 increases to 3.9 percent by the second quarter of 2024. –WTI oil prices are projected to average $73.97 per barrel over the next 12 months.

The probability weighting of our base case reasonable and supportable forecast remained at 50 percent in the second quarter of 2023 as the level of uncertainty in economic forecasts remained high. The sensitivity to management's economic scenario weighting may be quantified by comparing the results of weighting each economic scenario at 100%. For example, compared to a 100% Base Case scenario, a 100% Downside Case would result in an additional $157 million in quantitative reserve, while a 100% Upside Case would result in $16 million less quantitative reserve at June 30, 2023. Such sensitivity calculations do not necessarily reflect the nature and extent of future changes in the related allowance.

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At June 30, 2023, the allowance for loan losses totaled $263 million or 1.13 percent of outstanding loans. Excluding residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, the allowance for loan losses was 218 percent of nonaccruing loans. The combined allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments was $323 million or 1.39 percent of outstanding loans and 267 percent of nonaccruing loans at June 30, 2023.

The Company recorded a $16.0 million provision for credit losses in the first quarter of 2023. At March 31, 2023, the allowance for loan losses was $249 million or 1.10 percent of outstanding loans. Excluding residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, the allowance for loan losses was 235 percent of nonaccruing loans. The combined allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments was $312 million or 1.37 percent of outstanding loans and 295 percent of nonaccruing loans.

Net Loans Charged Off

Net charge-offs of commercial loans were $2.0 million in the second quarter of 2023. Net charge-offs of commercial real estate loans were $4.0 million and net charge-offs of loans to individuals were $698 thousand. Net charge-offs of loans to individuals include deposit account overdraft losses.

Accrual for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Risk Associated with Mortgage Banking Activities

The accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk associated with mortgage banking activities includes consideration of credit risk related to certain residential mortgage loans sold into mortgage-backed securities in excess of amounts guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veteran's Affairs ("VA") and mortgage loans originated under community development loan programs that were sold to a U.S. government agency with full recourse.

We use publicly available long-term national data to estimate total loss given default for our off-balance sheet credit risk related to losses in excess of amounts guaranteed by the VA. This result is combined with probability of default output from our mortgage servicing rights model to estimate total expected loss. Then, we estimate the VA's guarantee percentage to determine our portion of the credit risk. Qualitative adjustment may be used, if necessary.

Allowance for Credit Losses Related to Held-to-Maturity (Investment) Securities

The expected credit losses principles apply to all financial assets measured at cost, including our held-to-maturity (investment) debt securities portfolio. Our investment portfolio includes municipal and other tax-exempt securities and other debt securities. Expected credit losses for these assets are based on the probability of default and loss given default assumptions that align with similarly graded loans. Qualitative adjustment may be used, if necessary.

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Nonperforming Assets

As more fully described in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, loans are generally classified as nonaccruing when it becomes probable that we will not collect the full contractual principal and interest. Accruing renegotiated loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies represent residential mortgage loans that have been modified in troubled debt restructurings. Interest continues to accrue based on the modified terms of the loan and loans may be sold once they become eligible according to U.S. government agency guidelines. The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates designation of these loans as troubled debt restructurings effective January 1, 2023. Real estate and other repossessed assets are assets acquired in partial or total forgiveness of loans. The assets are carried at the lower of cost as determined by fair value at the date of foreclosure or current fair value, less estimated selling costs. A summary of nonperforming assets follows in Table 17:

Table 17 – Nonperforming Assets

(Dollars in thousands)

	Jun. 30, 2023			Mar. 31, 2023			Dec. 31, 2022			Sep. 30, 2022			Jun. 30, 2022
Nonaccruing loans:
Commercial:
Healthcare	$	36,753		$	37,247		$	41,034		$	41,438		$	14,886
Services	4,541			8,097			16,228			27,315			15,259
Energy	20,037			127			1,399			4,164			20,924
General business	11,946			8,961			1,636			2,753			3,539
Total commercial	73,277			54,432			60,297			75,670			54,608
Commercial real estate	17,395			21,668			16,570			7,971			10,939
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage	29,973			29,693			29,791			30,066			30,460
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	11,473			14,302			15,005			16,957			18,000
Personal	133			200			134			136			132
Total loans to individuals	41,579			44,195			44,930			47,159			48,592
Total nonaccruing loans	132,251			120,295			121,797			130,800			114,139
Accruing renegotiated loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies1	—			—			163,535			176,022			196,420
Real estate and other repossessed assets	4,227			12,651			14,304			29,676			22,221
Total nonperforming assets	$	136,478		$	132,946		$	299,636		$	336,498		$	332,780
Total nonperforming assets excluding those guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	$	125,005		$	118,644		$	121,096		$	143,519		$	118,360
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccruing loans2	217.52		%	235.36		%	220.71		%	212.37		%	250.80		%
Combined allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments to nonaccruing loans2	267.15		%	294.74		%	277.76		%	261.83		%	294.74		%
Nonperforming assets to outstanding loans and repossessed assets	0.59		%	0.58		%	1.33		%	1.54		%	1.56		%
Nonperforming assets to outstanding loans and repossessed assets2	0.54		%	0.53		%	0.54		%	0.67		%	0.56		%
Nonaccruing loans to outstanding loans	0.57		%	0.53		%	0.54		%	0.60		%	0.54		%
Nonaccruing commercial loans to outstanding commercial loans	0.50		%	0.38		%	0.42		%	0.56		%	0.40		%
Nonaccruing commercial real estate loans to outstanding commercial real estate loans	0.35		%	0.45		%	0.36		%	0.18		%	0.27		%
Nonaccruing loans to individuals to outstanding loans to individuals2	0.85		%	0.86		%	0.86		%	0.88		%	0.94		%

1     The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates designation of these loans as troubled debt restructurings effective January 1, 2023.

2    Excludes residential mortgages guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.

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Nonaccruing loans increased $12 million compared to March 31, 2023. Nonaccruing energy loans increased $20 million and nonaccruing general business loans increased $3.0 million. These increases were partially offset by a $4.3 million decrease in nonaccruing commercial real estate loans and a $3.6 million decrease in nonaccruing services loans. Newly identified nonaccruing loans totaled $28 million, offset by $5.9 million of payments and $8.0 million of charge-offs. The Company generally retains nonperforming assets to maximize potential recovery, which may cause future nonperforming assets to decrease more slowly.

A rollforward of nonperforming assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 follows in Table 18.

Table 18 – Rollforward of Nonperforming Assets

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
	Nonaccruing Loans								Renegotiated Loans		Real Estate and Other Repossessed Assets		Total Nonperforming Assets
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Loan to Individuals		Total
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	54,432	$	21,668	$	44,195	$	120,295	$	—	$	12,651	$	132,946
Additions	25,127		—		3,316		28,443		—		—		28,443
Payments	(2,927)		(273)		(2,678)		(5,878)		—		—		(5,878)
Charge-offs	(2,797)		(4,000)		(1,252)		(8,049)		—		—		(8,049)
Net gains (losses) and write-downs	—		—		—		—		—		410		410
Foreclosure of nonperforming loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Foreclosure of loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	—		—		(2,530)		(2,530)		—		—		(2,530)
Proceeds from sales	—		—		—		—		—		(8,834)		(8,834)
Net transfers to nonaccruing loans	—		—		528		528		—		—		528
Return to accrual status	(558)		—		—		(558)		—		—		(558)
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	73,277	$	17,395	$	41,579	$	132,251	$	—	$	4,227	$	136,478
	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
	Nonaccruing Loans								Renegotiated Loans		Real Estate and Other Repossessed Assets		Total Nonperforming Assets
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Loan to Individuals		Total
Balance, Dec. 31, 2022	$	60,297	$	16,570	$	44,930	$	121,797	$	163,535	$	14,304	$	299,636
Change in accounting standard	—		—		—		—		(163,535)		—		(163,535)
Additions	38,100		7,459		7,873		53,432		—		—		53,432
Payments	(21,753)		(426)		(5,285)		(27,464)		—		—		(27,464)
Charge-offs	(2,809)		(6,208)		(2,699)		(11,716)		—		—		(11,716)
Net gains (losses) and write-downs	—		—		—		—		—		1,461		1,461
Foreclosure of nonperforming loans	—		—		(225)		(225)		—		225		—
Foreclosure of loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	—		—		(3,543)		(3,543)		—		—		(3,543)
Proceeds from sales	—		—		—		—		—		(11,763)		(11,763)
Net transfers to nonaccruing loans	—		—		528		528		—		—		528
Return to accrual status	(558)		—		—		(558)		—		—		(558)
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	73,277	$	17,395	$	41,579	$	132,251	$	—	$	4,227	$	136,478

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We foreclose on loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies in accordance with agency guidelines. Generally, these loans are not eligible for modification programs or have failed to comply with modified loan terms. Principal is guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government, subject to limitations, and credit risk is limited. At foreclosure, these amounts are transferred to claims receivable accounts. These properties will be conveyed to the agencies once applicable criteria have been met. 

Real Estate and Other Repossessed Assets

Real estate and other repossessed assets totaled $4.2 million at June 30, 2023, composed primarily of $3.2 million of land for commercial real estate development. Real estate and other repossessed assets decreased $8.4 million compared to March 31, 2023.

Liquidity and Capital

Based on the average balances for the second quarter of 2023, approximately 68 percent of our funding was provided by deposit accounts, 19 percent from borrowed funds, 10 percent from equity and less than 1 percent from long-term subordinated debt. Our funding sources, which primarily include deposits and borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Banks and other banks, provide adequate liquidity to meet our operating needs.

Subsidiary Bank

Deposits and borrowed funds are the primary sources of liquidity for BOKF, NA, the wholly owned subsidiary bank of BOK Financial. We compete for retail and commercial deposits by offering a broad range of products and services and focusing on customer convenience. Retail deposit growth is supported through personal and small business checking, online bill paying services, mobile banking services, an extensive network of branch locations and ATMs and our ExpressBank call center. Commercial deposit growth is supported by offering treasury management and lockbox services. We also acquire brokered deposits when the cost of funds is advantageous to other funding sources.

Average deposits for the second quarter of 2023 totaled $32.4 billion, a $1.1 billion decrease compared to the first quarter of 2023. Deposit balances continue to decline as customers redeploy resources and pursue other investment alternatives following the savings trend during the height of the pandemic. Demand deposits decreased $1.4 billion while interest-bearing transaction account balances decreased $271 million. Time deposit balances increased $598 million.

Table 19 – Average Deposits by Line of Business

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Sep. 30, 2022		Jun. 30, 2022
Commercial Banking	$	14,822,093	$	15,861,285	$	16,832,244	$	17,966,661	$	18,933,766
Consumer Banking	7,986,674		8,248,541		8,617,085		8,812,884		8,876,469
Wealth Management	7,544,143		7,432,413		7,888,753		7,999,074		8,482,785
Subtotal	30,352,910		31,542,239		33,338,082		34,778,619		36,293,020
Funds Management and other	2,016,802		1,940,232		2,123,303		2,271,157		2,301,400
Total	$	32,369,712	$	33,482,471	$	35,461,385	$	37,049,776	$	38,594,420

Average Commercial Banking deposit balances decreased $1.0 billion compared to the first quarter of 2023. Demand deposit balances decreased $1.2 billion while interest-bearing transaction account balances increased $190 million. Our Commercial deposit portfolio is highly diversified across industries and customers. The highest concentration by industry within our commercial deposit portfolio is with our energy customers representing 6 percent of our total deposits.

Average Consumer Banking deposit balances decreased $262 million compared to the prior quarter. Interest-bearing transaction deposit balances decreased $237 million. Demand deposit balances decreased $88 million while time deposit balances increased $95 million.

Average Wealth Management deposits increased $112 million compared to the first quarter of 2023. Time deposit balances increased $209 million while demand deposit balances decreased $82 million.

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Average interest-bearing transaction accounts for the second quarter included $1.1 billion of brokered deposits, a $245 million decrease compared to the first quarter of 2023. Average time deposits for the second quarter of 2023 included $374 million of brokered deposits, a $279 million increase over the first quarter of 2023.

The distribution of our period end deposit account balances among principal markets follows in Table 20.

Table 20 – Period End Deposits by Principal Market Area

(In thousands)

	Jun. 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Sep. 30, 2022		Jun. 30, 2022
Oklahoma:
Demand	$	4,273,136	$	4,369,944	$	4,585,963	$	5,143,405	$	5,422,593
Interest-bearing:
Transaction	9,979,534		9,468,100		9,475,528		9,619,419		10,240,378
Savings	531,536		564,829		555,407		558,256		561,413
Time	1,945,916		942,787		794,002		776,306		678,127
Total interest-bearing	12,456,986		10,975,716		10,824,937		10,953,981		11,479,918
Total Oklahoma	16,730,122		15,345,660		15,410,900		16,097,386		16,902,511
Texas:
Demand	2,876,568		3,154,789		3,873,759		4,609,255		4,670,535
Interest-bearing:
Transaction	4,532,093		4,366,932		4,878,482		4,781,920		5,344,326
Savings	162,704		175,012		178,356		179,049		183,708
Time	377,424		321,774		356,538		343,015		333,038
Total interest-bearing	5,072,221		4,863,718		5,413,376		5,303,984		5,861,072
Total Texas	7,948,789		8,018,507		9,287,135		9,913,239		10,531,607
Colorado:
Demand	1,726,130		1,869,194		2,462,891		2,510,179		2,799,798
Interest-bearing:
Transaction	1,825,295		2,126,435		2,123,218		2,221,796		2,277,563
Savings	66,968		72,548		77,961		80,542		82,976
Time	148,840		128,583		135,043		151,064		160,795
Total interest-bearing	2,041,103		2,327,566		2,336,222		2,453,402		2,521,334
Total Colorado	3,767,233		4,196,760		4,799,113		4,963,581		5,321,132
New Mexico:
Demand	912,218		997,364		1,141,958		1,296,410		1,347,600
Interest-bearing:
Transaction	712,541		674,328		691,915		717,492		845,442
Savings	102,729		111,771		112,430		113,056		115,660
Time	179,548		137,875		133,625		142,856		148,532
Total interest-bearing	994,818		923,974		937,970		973,404		1,109,634
Total New Mexico	1,907,036		1,921,338		2,079,928		2,269,814		2,457,234

- 34 -

	Jun. 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Sep. 30, 2022		Jun. 30, 2022
Arizona:
Demand	592,144		780,051		844,327		903,296		901,543
Interest-bearing:
Transaction	800,970		687,527		739,628		788,142		792,269
Savings	14,489		16,993		16,496		18,258		17,999
Time	31,248		27,755		24,846		26,704		28,774
Total interest-bearing	846,707		732,275		780,970		833,104		839,042
Total Arizona	1,438,851		1,512,326		1,625,297		1,736,400		1,740,585
Kansas/Missouri:
Demand	363,534		393,321		436,259		479,459		537,143
Interest-bearing:
Transaction	1,014,247		1,040,009		694,163		747,981		913,921
Savings	16,316		18,292		20,678		19,375		19,943
Time	16,176		13,061		12,963		13,258		13,962
Total interest-bearing	1,046,739		1,071,362		727,804		780,614		947,826
Total Kansas/Missouri	1,410,273		1,464,683		1,164,063		1,260,073		1,484,969
Arkansas:
Demand	38,818		42,312		50,180		43,111		41,084
Interest-bearing:
Transaction	43,301		71,158		56,181		123,273		130,300
Savings	3,195		3,228		3,083		3,098		3,125
Time	7,225		4,775		4,825		5,940		6,371
Total interest-bearing	53,721		79,161		64,089		132,311		139,796
Total Arkansas	92,539		121,473		114,269		175,422		180,880
Total BOK Financial deposits	$	33,294,843	$	32,580,747	$	34,480,705	$	36,415,915	$	38,618,918

Estimated uninsured deposits totaled $19.0 billion or 57 percent of our total deposits at June 30, 2023. In addition to insured deposits, we also hold $4.8 billion of collateralized deposits. Municipalities, Native American tribal governments and certain trust-related deposits are all required to be collateralized. Excluding the impact collateralized deposits and deposits related to consolidated subsidiaries of BOKF, NA, our uninsured and uncollateralized deposit level is $13.4 billion or 40 percent of total deposits at June 30, 2023.

In addition to deposits, liquidity is provided primarily by federal funds purchased, securities repurchase agreements and Federal Home Loan Banks borrowings. Federal funds purchased consist primarily of unsecured, overnight funds acquired from other financial institutions. Funds are primarily purchased from bankers' banks and Federal Home Loan Banks from across the country. The largest source of wholesale federal funds purchased totaled $650 million at June 30, 2023. Securities repurchase agreements generally mature within 90 days and are secured by certain available for sale and trading securities. Federal Home Loan Banks borrowings are generally short-term and are secured by a blanket pledge of eligible collateral (generally unencumbered U.S. Treasury and agency mortgage-backed securities, 1-4 family residential mortgage loans, multifamily and other qualifying commercial real estate loans). Amounts borrowed from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka averaged $5.2 billion during the quarter, compared to $4.5 billion in the first quarter of 2023.

At June 30, 2023, management estimates a total potential secured borrowing capacity of approximately $23.5 billion. This includes current available secured capacity of $19.2 billion from the use of programs available to U.S. banks from the Federal Home Loan Banks and Federal Reserve Banks and an estimated $4.3 billion of other sources that could be converted into additional secured capacity.

A summary of other borrowings for BOK Financial on a consolidated basis follows in Table 21.

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Table 21 – Borrowed Funds

(Dollars in thousands)

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2023							Three Months Ended Mar. 31, 2023
	Jun. 30, 2023		Average Balance During the Quarter		Rate		Maximum Outstanding At Any Month End During the Quarter	Mar. 31, 2023		Average Balance During the Quarter		Rate		Maximum Outstanding At Any Month End During the Quarter
Funds purchased	1,013,384		1,435,842		4.90	%	1,704,877	1,087,553		847,336		4.23	%	1,711,580
Repurchase agreements	4,433,480		2,235,152		4.37	%	4,433,480	512,171		911,901		2.50	%	512,171
Other borrowings:
Federal Home Loan Banks advances	3,750,000		5,244,340		5.12	%	5,100,000	4,700,000		4,475,555		4.74	%	4,700,000
GNMA repurchase liability	10,201		11,596		3.80	%	12,316	11,868		11,371		4.24	%	10,608
Other	16,855		19,355		2.84	%	23,775	24,017		25,354		2.54	%	26,311
Total other borrowings	3,777,056		5,275,291		5.12	%		4,735,885		4,512,280		4.73	%
Subordinated debentures1	131,154		131,153		6.79	%	131,154	131,148		131,166		6.40	%	131,164
Total other borrowed funds and subordinated debentures	$	9,355,074	$	9,077,438	4.92	%		$	6,466,757	$	6,402,683	4.38	%

1 Parent Company only.

BOKF, NA also has a liability related to the repurchase of certain delinquent residential mortgage loans previously sold into GNMA mortgage pools. Interest is payable monthly at rates contractually due to investors if delinquent loans are not repurchased from the GNMA mortgage pools.

Parent Company

At June 30, 2023, cash and interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents held by the parent company totaled $204 million. The primary sources of liquidity for BOK Financial are cash on hand and dividends from BOKF, NA. Dividends from the bank are limited by various banking regulations to net profits, as defined, for the year plus retained profits for the two preceding years. Dividends are further restricted by minimum capital requirements. At June 30, 2023, based upon the most restrictive limitations as well as management's internal capital policy, BOKF, NA could declare up to $416 million of dividends. Dividend constraints may be alleviated through increases in retained earnings, capital issuances or changes in risk weighted assets. Future losses or increases in required regulatory capital at the bank could affect its ability to pay dividends to the parent company.

Our equity capital at June 30, 2023 was $4.9 billion, an $11 million decrease compared to March 31, 2023. Net income less cash dividends paid increased equity $116 million during the second quarter of 2023. Changes in interest rates resulted in a $108 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income compared to March 31, 2023. We also repurchased $22 million of common stock, excluding a one percent excise tax on corporate stock repurchases, during the second quarter of 2023. Capital is managed to maximize long-term value to the shareholders. Factors considered in managing capital include projections of future earnings including expected benefits from lower federal income tax rates, asset growth and acquisition strategies, and regulatory and debt covenant requirements. Capital management may include subordinated debt or perpetual preferred stock issuance, share repurchase and stock and cash dividends.

On November 1, 2022, the board of directors authorized the Company to purchase up to five million common shares, subject to market conditions, securities law and other regulatory compliance limitations. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had repurchased 1,027,477 shares under this authorization. The Company repurchased 266,000 shares of common stock at an average price of $84.08 per share in the second quarter of 2023. We view share buybacks opportunistically, but within the context of maintaining our strong capital position.

- 36 -

BOK Financial and BOKF, NA are subject to various capital requirements administered by federal agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that could have a material impact on operations. These capital requirements include quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items. The capital standards are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators.

A summary of minimum capital requirements, including a capital conservation buffer follows in Table 22. A bank which falls below these levels, including the capital conservation buffer, would be subject to regulatory restrictions on capital distributions (including, but not limited to, dividends and share repurchases) and executive bonus payments.

In March 2020, in response to the impact on the financial markets by the COVID-19 pandemic, the banking agencies issued an interim final rule permitting banking organizations that implement the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model the option to delay for two years an estimate of the CECL methodology's effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period. The estimate includes the implementation date adjustment as of January 1, 2020 plus an estimate of the impact of the change for a two year period following implementation of CECL. We elected to delay the regulatory capital impact of the transition in accordance with the interim final rule. Deferral of the impact of CECL added 7 basis points to the Company's Common equity Tier 1 capital at June 30, 2023.

Capital and other performance ratios for BOK Financial on a consolidated basis are presented in Table 22.

Table 22 – Capital and Performance Ratios

	Minimum Capital Requirement		Capital Conservation Buffer		Minimum Capital Requirement Including Capital Conservation Buffer		Jun. 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023		Jun. 30, 2022
Capital:
Common equity Tier 1	4.50	%	2.50	%	7.00	%	12.13	%	12.19	%	11.61	%
Tier 1 capital	6.00	%	2.50	%	8.50	%	12.13	%	12.20	%	11.63	%
Total capital	8.00	%	2.50	%	10.50	%	13.24	%	13.21	%	12.59	%
Tier 1 Leverage	4.00	%	N/A		4.00	%	9.75	%	9.94	%	9.12	%
Average total equity to average assets							10.32	%	10.53	%	10.01	%
Tangible common equity ratio1							7.79	%	8.46	%	8.16	%
Adjusted common tangible equity ratio1							7.49	%	8.22	%	8.10	%
Performance Ratios:
Return on average equity							12.28	%	13.61	%	11.27	%
Return on average tangible common equity1							15.86	%	17.71	%	14.81	%

1    See Explanation and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures following.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the Company's significant off-balance sheet commitments.

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Explanation and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures

Table 23 provides a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures with financial measures defined by GAAP.

Table 23 – Non-GAAP Measures

(Dollars in thousands)

	Jun. 30, 2023			Mar. 31, 2023			Dec. 31, 2022			Sep. 30, 2022			Jun. 30, 2022
Reconciliation of tangible common equity ratio and adjusted tangible common equity ratio:
Total shareholders' equity	$	4,863,854		$	4,874,786		$	4,682,649		$	4,509,934		$	4,737,339
Less: Goodwill and intangible assets, net	1,113,995			1,117,438			1,120,880			1,124,582			1,128,493
Tangible common equity	3,749,859			3,757,348			3,561,769			3,385,352			3,608,846
Add: Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities, net	(189,152)			(140,947)			(167,477)			(165,206)			(30,305)
Add: Tax effect on unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities, net	44,486			33,149			39,196			38,665			7,093
Adjusted tangible common equity	$	3,605,193		$	3,649,550		$	3,433,488		$	3,258,811		$	3,585,634
Total assets	$	49,237,920		$	45,524,122		$	47,790,642		$	43,645,446		$	45,377,072
Less: Goodwill and intangible assets, net	1,113,995			1,117,438			1,120,880			1,124,582			1,128,493
Tangible assets	$	48,123,925		$	44,406,684		$	46,669,762		$	42,520,864		$	44,248,579
Tangible common equity ratio	7.79		%	8.46		%	7.63		%	7.96		%	8.16		%
Adjusted tangible common equity ratio	7.49		%	8.22		%	7.36		%	7.66		%	8.10		%
Reconciliation of return on average tangible common equity:
Total average shareholders' equity	$	4,941,352		$	4,837,567		$	4,613,929		$	4,771,123		$	4,728,311
Less: Average goodwill and intangible assets, net	1,115,652			1,119,123			1,122,680			1,126,440			1,130,430
Average tangible common equity	$	3,825,700		$	3,718,444		$	3,491,249		$	3,644,683		$	3,597,881
Net Income	$	151,308		$	162,368		$	168,429		$	156,510		$	132,846
Return on average tangible common equity	15.86		%	17.71		%	19.14		%	17.04		%	14.81		%
Reconciliation of pre-provision net revenue:
Net income before taxes	$	195,637		$	208,401		$	216,256		$	196,272		$	168,980
Provision for expected credit losses	17,000			16,000			15,000			15,000			—
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	328			128			(37)			81			12
Pre-provision net revenue	$	212,309		$	224,273		$	231,293		$	211,191		$	168,968
Calculation of efficiency ratio:
Total other operating expense	$	318,673		$	305,812		$	318,456		$	294,751		$	273,655
Less: Amortization of intangible assets	3,474			3,391			3,736			3,943			4,049
Adjusted total other operating expense	$	315,199		$	302,421		$	314,720		$	290,808		$	269,606
Net interest revenue	$	322,261		$	352,348		$	352,626		$	316,325		$	274,018
Tax-equivalent adjustment	2,200			2,285			2,287			2,163			2,040
Tax-equivalent net interest revenue	324,461			354,633			354,913			318,488			276,058
Total other operating revenue	209,049			177,865			197,086			189,698			168,617
Less: Gain (loss) on available for sale securities, net	(3,010)			—			(3,988)			892			1,188
Adjusted revenue	$	536,520		$	532,498		$	555,987		$	507,294		$	443,487
Efficiency ratio	58.75		%	56.79		%	56.61		%	57.33		%	60.79		%

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	Jun. 30, 2023			Mar. 31, 2023			Dec. 31, 2022			Sep. 30, 2022			Jun. 30, 2022
Information on net interest revenue and net interest margin excluding trading activities:
Net interest revenue	$	322,261		$	352,348		$	352,626		$	316,325		$	274,018
Less: Trading activities net interest revenue	(3,461)			70			(860)			4,478			15,073
Net interest revenue excluding trading activities	$	325,722		$	352,278		$	353,486		$	311,847		$	258,945
Tax-equivalent adjustment	2,200			2,285			2,287			2,163			2,040
Tax-equivalent net interest revenue excluding trading activities	$	327,922		$	354,563		$	355,773		$	314,010		$	260,985
Average total earning assets	$	42,731,533		$	40,781,257		$	39,285,300		$	38,527,860		$	39,062,025
Less: Average trading activities interest-earning assets	4,274,803			3,031,969			3,086,985			3,178,068			4,166,954
Average interest-earning assets excluding trading activities	$	38,456,730		$	37,749,288		$	36,198,315		$	35,349,792		$	34,895,071
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets	3.00		%	3.45		%	3.54		%	3.24		%	2.76		%
Net interest margin on average trading activities interest-earning assets	(0.34)		%	—		%	(0.12)		%	0.53		%	1.31		%
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets excluding trading activities	3.36		%	3.72		%	3.84		%	3.49		%	2.95		%

Explanation of Non-GAAP Measures

The tangible common equity ratio and return on average tangible common equity are primarily based on total shareholders' equity, which includes unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, less intangible assets and equity that do not benefit common shareholders. The adjusted tangible common equity ratio also includes unrealized gains and losses on the investment portfolio. These measures are valuable indicators of a financial institution's capital strength since they eliminate intangible assets from shareholders' equity and retain the effect of unrealized losses on securities and other components of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity.

Pre-provision net revenue is a measure of revenue less expenses and is calculated before provision for credit losses and income tax expense. This financial measure is frequently used by investors and analysts and enables them to assess a company's ability to generate earnings to cover credit losses through a credit cycle. It also provides an additional basis for comparing the results of operations between periods by isolating the impact of the provision for credit losses, which can vary significantly between periods.

The efficiency ratio measures the Company's ability to use its assets and manage its liabilities effectively in the current period. Prior to the second quarter of 2023, the efficiency ratio did not exclude amortization of intangible assets and only included tax-equivalent net interest revenue and fees and commissions as part of total revenue. All prior periods were adjusted to conform with the current methodology.

Net interest revenue and net interest margin excluding trading activities remove the effect of trading activities on these metrics allowing management and investors to assess the performance of the Company's core lending and deposit activities without the associated volatility from trading activities.

Market Risk

Market risk is a broad term for the risk of economic loss due to adverse changes in the fair value of a financial instrument. These changes may be the result of various factors, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices or equity prices. Financial instruments that are subject to market risk can be classified either as held for trading or held for purposes other than trading. Market risk excludes changes in fair value due to the credit of the individual issuers of financial instruments.

BOK Financial is subject to market risk primarily through the effect of changes in interest rates on both its assets held for purposes other than trading and trading assets. The effects of other changes, such as foreign exchange rates, commodity prices or equity prices do not pose significant market risk to BOK Financial. BOK Financial has no material investments in assets that are affected by changes in foreign exchange rates or equity prices. Energy and agricultural product derivative contracts, which are affected by changes in commodity prices, are matched against offsetting contracts as previously discussed.

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The Asset/Liability Committee is responsible for managing market risk in accordance with policy limits established by the Board of Directors. The Committee monitors projected variation in net interest revenue, net income and economic value of equity due to specified changes in interest rates. These limits also set maximum levels for short-term borrowings, short-term assets, public funds and brokered deposits and establish minimum levels for un-pledged assets, among other things. Further, the Board has approved market risk limits for fixed income trading, mortgage pipeline and mortgage servicing assets inclusive of economic hedge benefits. Exposure is measured daily and compliance is reviewed monthly. Deviations from the Board approved limits, which periodically occur throughout the reporting period, may require management to develop and execute plans to reduce exposure. These plans are subject to escalation to and approval by the Board.

The simulations used to manage market risk are based on numerous assumptions regarding the effects of changes in interest rates on the timing and extent of repricing characteristics, future cash flows and customer behavior. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, models cannot precisely estimate or precisely predict the impact of higher or lower interest rates. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, market conditions and management strategies, among other factors.

Interest Rate Risk – Other than Trading

As previously noted in the Net Interest Revenue section of this report, management has implemented strategies to manage the Company's balance sheet exposure to changes in interest rates over a twelve-month period within established policy limits. The effectiveness of these strategies in managing the overall interest rate risk is evaluated through the use of an asset/liability model. BOK Financial performs a sensitivity analysis to identify more dynamic interest rate risk exposures, including embedded option positions, on net interest revenue. A simulation model is used to estimate the effect of changes in interest rates on our performance across multiple interest rate scenarios. Our current internal policy limit for net interest revenue variation due to a 200 basis point parallel change in market interest rates over twelve months is a maximum decline of 6.5 percent. Management also reviews alternative rate changes and time periods.

On March 5, 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") confirmed that the publication of the principal tenors of the U.S. dollar London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") will cease immediately following a final publication on June 30, 2023. Further, U.S. regulators released a joint inter-agency statement about their expectations that banks cease entering into new contracts that use USD LIBOR as a reference rate as soon as practicable and in any event by December 31, 2021.

The Company ceased production of new LIBOR-based exposure as of December 31, 2021 and now offers floating rate products in various alternative reference rates, with the majority of volume being observed thus far in term rate versions of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). Before the June 30, 2023 deadline, the Company mitigated its remaining LIBOR exposure, with any outstanding or committed exposure being proactively moved to an alternative rate or falling back per the terms of their contract or as per the LIBOR Act.

The Company's primary interest rate exposures include the Federal Funds rate, which affects short-term borrowings, and the prime lending rate, SOFR, which is the basis for much of the variable rate loan pricing. Additionally, residential mortgage rates directly affect the prepayment speeds for residential mortgage-backed securities and mortgage servicing rights. Derivative financial instruments and other financial instruments used for purposes other than trading are included in this simulation. In addition, the impact on the level and composition of demand deposit accounts and other core deposit balances resulting from a significant increase in short-term market interest rates and the overall interest rate environment is likely to be material. The simulation incorporates assumptions regarding the effects of such changes based on a combination of historical analysis and expected behavior. The impact of planned growth and new business activities is factored into the simulation model.

The interest rate sensitivity in Table 24 indicates management's estimation of the impact of rate changes on net interest revenue. Should deposit costs be 10 percent more sensitive to changes in rates, the variation in net interest revenue over the next twelve months would be (2.75) percent, or ($38.2 million) for the 200 basis point increase scenario. Alternatively, should deposit funding costs be 10 percent less sensitive to changes in rates, the variation in net interest revenue over the next twelve months would be (0.53) percent, or ($7.4 million) for the 200 basis point increase scenario.

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Table 24 – Interest Rate Sensitivity

(Dollars in thousands)

	June 30, 2023												Mar. 31, 2023
	200 bp Increase			100 bp Increase			100 bp Decrease			200 bp Decrease			200 bp Increase			100 bp Increase			100 bp Decrease			200 bp Decrease
Anticipated impact over the next twelve months on net interest revenue	$	(22,800)		$	(1,100)		$	(32,000)		$	(49,700)		$	(26,900)		$	(2,800)		$	(26,600)		$	(40,970)
	(1.64)		%	(0.08)		%	(2.30)		%	(3.57)		%	(1.93)		%	(0.20)		%	(1.90)		%	(2.93)		%
Anticipated impact over months twelve through twenty-four	$	(13,800)		$	19,900		$	(100,200)		$	(171,700)		$	(10,100)		$	21,970		$	(96,300)		$	(177,100)
	(0.90)		%	1.30		%	(6.52)		%	(11.18)		%	(0.68)		%	1.47		%	(6.46)		%	(11.88)		%

BOK Financial is also subjected to market risk through changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights. Changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights are highly dependent on changes in primary mortgage rates offered to borrowers, intermediate-term interest rates that affect the value of custodial funds, and assumptions about servicing revenues, servicing costs and discount rates. As primary mortgage rates increase, prepayment speeds slow and the value of our mortgage servicing rights increases. As primary mortgage rates fall, prepayment speeds increase and the value of our mortgage servicing rights decreases.

We maintain a portfolio of financial instruments which may include debt securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies and interest rate derivative contracts, held as an economic hedge of the changes in the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights. Composition of this portfolio will change based on our assessment of market risk. Changes in the fair value of residential mortgage-backed securities are highly dependent on changes in secondary mortgage rates required by investors, and interest rate derivative contracts are highly dependent on changes in other market interest rates. While primary and secondary mortgage rates generally move in the same direction, the spread between them may widen and narrow due to market conditions and government intervention. Changes in the forward-looking spread between the primary and secondary rates can cause significant earnings volatility.

Management performs a stress test to measure market risk due to changes in interest rates inherent in its MSR portfolio and hedges. The stress test shocks applicable interest rates up and down 50 basis points and calculates an estimated change in fair value, net of economic hedging activity, that may result. The Board has approved a $20 million market risk limit for mortgage servicing rights, net of economic hedges.

Table 25 – MSR Asset and Hedge Sensitivity Analysis

(In thousands)

	June 30, 2023				Mar. 31, 2023
	Up 50 bp		Down 50 bp		Up 50 bp		Down 50 bp
MSR Asset	$	6,927	$	(8,919)	$	8,778	$	(11,308)
MSR Hedge	(8,116)		8,291		(10,299)		9,860
Net Exposure	(1,189)		(628)		(1,521)		(1,448)

Trading Activities

The Company bears market risk by originating residential mortgages held for sale ("RMHFS"). RMHFS are generally outstanding for 60 to 90 days, which represents the typical period from commitment to originate a loan to sale of the closed loan to an investor. Primary mortgage interest rate changes during this period affect the value of RMHFS commitments and loans. We use forward sale contracts to mitigate market risk on all closed mortgage loans held for sale and on an estimate of mortgage loan commitments that are expected to result in closed loans.

A variety of methods are used to monitor market risk of mortgage origination activities. These methods include daily marking of all positions to market value, independent verification of inventory pricing, and revenue sensitivity limits.

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Management performs a stress test to measure market risk due to changes in interest rates inherent in the mortgage production pipeline. The stress test shocks applicable interest rates up and down 50 basis points and calculates an estimated change in fair value, net of economic hedging activity that may result. The Board has approved a $7 million market risk limit for the mortgage production pipeline, net of forward sale contracts.

Table 26 – Mortgage Pipeline Sensitivity Analysis

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended June 30,
	June 30, 2023				Mar. 31, 2023				2023				2022
	Up 50 bp		Down 50 bp		Up 50 bp		Down 50 bp		Up 50 bp		Down 50 bp		Up 50 bp		Down 50 bp
Average1	$	(96)	$	(57)	$	(79)	$	(16)	$	(87)	$	(37)	$	(89)	$	(288)
Low2	—		52		(1)		61		—		61		161		91
High3	(158)		(168)		(186)		(84)		(186)		(168)		(402)		(779)
Period End	(88)		(99)		(74)		(19)		(88)		(99)		(87)		(20)

1    Average represents the simple average of each daily value observed during the reporting period.

2    Low represents least risk of loss in fair value measured as the smallest negative value or the largest positive value observed daily during the reporting period.

3    High represents the greatest risk of loss in fair value measured as the largest negative value or the smallest positive value observed daily during the reporting period.

BOK Financial enters into trading activities both as an intermediary for customers and for its own account. As an intermediary, we take positions in securities, generally residential mortgage-backed securities, government agency securities and municipal bonds. These securities are purchased for resale to customers, which include individuals, corporations, foundations and financial institutions. On a limited basis, we may also take trading positions in U.S. Treasury securities, residential mortgage-backed securities, and municipal bonds to enhance returns on securities portfolios. Both of these activities involve interest rate risk, liquidity risk and price risk.

A variety of methods are used to monitor and manage the market risk of trading activities. These methods include daily marking of all positions to market value, independent verification of inventory pricing, and position limits for each trading activity. Risk management tools include Value at Risk ("VaR"), stress testing and sensitivity analysis. Economic hedges in either the futures or cash markets may be used to reduce the risk associated with some trading programs. Basis Risk can result when trading asset values and the instruments used to hedge them move at different rates.

VaR measures the potential loss of a given position or portfolio of positions at a specified confidence level and time horizon. BOK Financial utilizes a historical VaR methodology to measure and aggregate risks across its covered trading positions. For Market Risk Rule purposes, the Company calculates VaR using a historical simulation approach and measures the potential trading losses using a 10-day holding period and a 99% confidence level.

Due to inherent limitations of the VaR methodology, including its reliance on past market behavior, which might not be indicative of future market performance, VaR is only one of several tools used to measure and manage market risk. Other tools used to actively manage market risk include stress testing ("Stressed VaR") and sensitivity analysis.

Stressed VaR is calculated using the same internal models as used for the VaR-based measure. Stressed VaR is calculated over a ten-day holding period at a one-tail, 99% confidence level and employs a historical simulation approach based on a continuous twelve-month historical window selected to reflect a period of significant financial stress for the Company's trading portfolio.

The trading portfolio's VaR and Stressed VaR profiles are influenced by a variety of factors, including the size and composition of the portfolio, market volatility, and the correlation between different positions. A portfolio of trading positions is typically less risky than the sum of the risk from each of the individual sub-portfolios because, under normal market conditions, risk within each category partially offsets the exposure to other risk categories. Table 27 below summarizes certain VaR and Stressed VaR based measures for the three months ended June 30, 2023, March 31, 2023, June 30, 2022 and Mar. 31, 2022.

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Table 27 – VaR and SVaR Measures

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended								Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2023				Mar. 31, 2023				June 30, 2022				Mar. 31, 2022
	10 day 99% VaR		10 day 99% SVaR		10 day 99% VaR		10 day 99% SVaR		10 day 99% VaR		10 day 99% SVaR		10 day 99% VaR		10 day 99% SVaR
Average1	$	4,429	$	7,239	$	4,059	$	7,461	$	6,070	$	12,619	$	8,759	$	39,402
Low	3,046		4,171		1,944		3,156		2,612		5,820		5,969		23,910
High	7,913		14,861		8,487		15,571		11,583		25,184		14,556		73,790
Period End	5,863		5,863		4,036		8,907		3,386		8,220		8,178		23,988

1    Average represents the simple average of each daily value observed during the reporting period.

The Company monitors the accuracy of internal VaR models and modeling processes by back-testing model performance. The Company updates historical data used by the VaR model on a regular basis, and model validators independent of business lines perform regular validations to access model input, processing, and reporting components. These models are required to be independently validated and approved prior to implementation.

Limit Structure

Beyond VaR and SVaR described above, Management also performs a sensitivity analysis to measure market risk from changes in interest rates on its trading portfolio. Applicable interest rates are shocked up and down 50 basis points, calculating an estimated change in fair value, net of economic hedging activity that may result. The Board has approved an $8 million market risk limit for the trading portfolio, net of economic hedges.

Table 28 – Trading Sensitivity Analysis

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended June 30,
	June 30, 2023				Mar. 31, 2023				2023				2022
	Up 50 bp		Down 50 bp		Up 50 bp		Down 50 bp		Up 50 bp		Down 50 bp		Up 50 bp		Down 50 bp
Average1	$	(602)	$	1,452	$	701	$	(497)	$	49	$	477	$	60	$	1,896
Low2	4,279		6,202		4,513		1,983		4,513		6,202		8,643		12,277
High3	(4,758)		(3,445)		(1,837)		(4,538)		(4,758)		(4,538)		(11,253)		(3,813)
Period End	(3,693)		4,886		2,247		(2,053)		(3,693)		4,886		785		(1,138)

1    Average represents the simple average of each daily value observed during the reporting period.

2    Low represents least risk of loss in fair value measured as the smallest negative value or the largest positive value observed daily during the reporting period.

3    High represents the greatest risk of loss in fair value measured as the largest negative value or the smallest positive value observed daily during the reporting period.

Model Risk Governance and Review

BOK Financial has an internal but independent Model Risk Governance and Review ("MRGR") team that validates models to verify they are conceptually sound, computationally accurate, are performing as expected, and are in line with their intended use. MRGR also enforces the Company's model risk governance program that defines roles and responsibilities, including the authority to levy findings requiring remediation and to restrict model usage.

Model Validation

MRGR is independent of both the developers and users of the models. The team validates models through an evaluation process that assesses the data, theory, implementation, outcomes, and governance of each scenario. MRGR assigns each model a model risk score, which determines the frequency and scope of each validation. Validations comprise an assessment of model performance as well as a model's potential limitations given its particular assumptions or weaknesses. Based on the results of the review, the team determines the use case for the model. The ultimate validation results may require remediation actions from the business line. MRGR communicates their results as one of the following three outcomes: "Approved for use," "Approved with findings," or "Unapproved."

- 43 -

Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b), BOK Financial's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by their reports, of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. As required by Rule 13a-15(d), BOK Financial's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, also conducted an evaluation of the Company's internal controls over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the quarter covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, there has been no such change during the quarter covered by this report.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements that are based on management's beliefs, assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections about BOK Financial Corporation, the financial services industry, and the economy generally and the related responses of the government, consumers, and others, on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Words such as "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "forecasts," "plans," "projects," "will," "intends," variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Management judgments relating to and discussion of the provision and allowance for credit losses, allowance for uncertain tax positions, accruals for loss contingencies and valuation of mortgage servicing rights involve judgments as to expected events and are inherently forward-looking statements. Assessments that acquisitions and growth endeavors will be profitable are necessary statements of belief as to the outcome of future events based in part on information provided by others which BOK Financial has not independently verified. These various forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions which are difficult to predict with regard to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence. Therefore, actual results and outcomes may materially differ from what is expected, implied or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. Internal and external factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to changes in government, consumer or business responses to changes in commodity prices, interest rates and interest rate relationships, inflation, demand for products and services, the degree of competition by traditional and nontraditional competitors, changes in banking regulations, tax laws, prices, levies and assessments, the impact of technological advances, and trends in customer behavior as well as their ability to repay loans. BOK Financial and its affiliates undertake no obligation to update, amend or clarify forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Annualized, pro forma, projected and estimated numbers are used for illustrative purpose only, are not forecasts and may not reflect actual results.

In this report we may sometimes use non-GAAP financial measures. Please note that although non-GAAP financial measures provide useful insight to analysts, investors and regulators, they should not be considered in isolation or relied upon as a substitute for analysis using GAAP measures. If applicable, we provide GAAP reconciliations for non-GAAP financial measures.

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Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
Interest revenue	2023		2022		2023		2022
Loans	$	399,182	$	204,015	$	767,052	$	382,388
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	1,092		1,559		2,071		2,953
Trading securities	47,821		22,958		81,830		63,933
Investment securities	8,586		3,485		17,514		5,839
Available for sale securities	94,589		58,672		183,325		116,604
Fair value option securities	3,116		437		7,009		928
Restricted equity securities	6,429		1,384		12,237		2,491
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	9,552		1,737		16,058		2,210
Total interest revenue	570,367		294,247		1,087,096		577,346
Interest expense
Deposits	136,666		13,862		231,940		21,460
Borrowed funds	109,221		4,894		176,259		10,682
Subordinated debentures	2,219		1,473		4,288		2,775
Total interest expense	248,106		20,229		412,487		34,917
Net interest revenue	322,261		274,018		674,609		542,429
Provision for credit losses	17,000		—		33,000		—
Net interest revenue after provision for credit losses	305,261		274,018		641,609		542,429
Other operating revenue
Brokerage and trading revenue	65,006		44,043		117,402		16,964
Transaction card revenue	26,003		26,940		51,624		51,156
Fiduciary and asset management revenue	52,997		49,838		103,654		96,237
Deposit service charges and fees	27,100		28,500		53,068		55,504
Mortgage banking revenue	15,141		11,368		29,508		28,018
Other revenue	14,250		12,684		31,220		23,129
Total fees and commissions	200,497		173,373		386,476		271,008
Other gains (losses), net	12,618		(7,639)		14,869		(9,283)
Loss on derivatives, net	(8,159)		(13,569)		(9,503)		(60,550)
Loss on fair value option securities, net	(2,158)		(2,221)		(5,120)		(13,422)
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	9,261		17,485		3,202		66,595
Gain (loss) on available for sale securities, net	(3,010)		1,188		(3,010)		2,125
Total other operating revenue	209,049		168,617		386,914		256,473
Other operating expense
Personnel	190,652		154,923		372,797		314,151
Business promotion	7,640		6,325		16,209		12,838
Charitable contributions to BOKF Foundation	1,142		—		1,142		—
Professional fees and services	12,777		12,475		25,825		23,888
Net occupancy and equipment	30,105		27,489		58,564		58,344
Insurance	6,974		4,728		14,289		9,011
Data processing and communications	45,307		41,280		90,109		81,116
Printing, postage and supplies	3,728		3,929		7,621		7,618
Amortization of intangible assets	3,474		4,049		6,865		8,013
Mortgage banking costs	8,300		9,437		14,082		17,314
Other expense	8,574		9,020		16,982		18,980
Total other operating expense	318,673		273,655		624,485		551,273
Net income before taxes	195,637		168,980		404,038		247,629
Federal and state income taxes	44,001		36,122		89,906		52,319
Net income	151,636		132,858		314,132		195,310
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	328		12		456		(24)
Net income attributable to BOK Financial Corporation shareholders	$	151,308	$	132,846	$	313,676	$	195,334
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	2.27	$	1.96	$	4.70	$	2.87
Diluted	$	2.27	$	1.96	$	4.70	$	2.87
Average shares used in computation:
Basic	65,994,132		67,453,748		66,162,048		67,616,396
Diluted	65,994,132		67,455,172		66,162,048		67,617,834
Dividends declared per share	$	0.54	$	0.53	$	1.08	$	1.06

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	151,636	$	132,858	$	314,132	$	195,310
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes:
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)	(160,408)		(242,536)		(36,363)		(881,577)
Reclassification adjustments included in earnings:
Interest revenue, Investment securities	16,033		2,455		32,084		2,455
Loss (gain) on available for sale securities, net	3,010		(1,188)		3,010		(2,125)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes	(141,365)		(241,269)		(1,269)		(881,247)
Federal and state income taxes	(33,247)		(56,467)		(1,552)		(206,248)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes	(108,118)		(184,802)		283		(674,999)
Comprehensive income (loss)	43,518		(51,944)		314,415		(479,689)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	328		12		456		(24)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to BOK Financial Corp. shareholders	$	43,190	$	(51,956)	$	313,959	$	(479,665)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

- 46 -

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data)

	June 30, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)		(Footnote 1)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	875,714	$	943,810
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	571,616		457,906
Trading securities	5,442,364		4,464,161
Investment securities, net of allowance (fair value: June 30, 2023 – $2,185,384; December 31, 2022 – $2,346,768)	2,374,071		2,513,687
Available for sale securities	11,938,523		11,493,860
Fair value option securities	212,321		296,590
Restricted equity securities	330,086		299,651
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	94,820		75,272
Loans	23,237,659		22,557,150
Allowance for loan losses	(262,714)		(235,704)
Loans, net of allowance	22,974,945		22,321,446
Premises and equipment, net	617,918		565,175
Receivables	263,915		273,815
Goodwill	1,044,749		1,044,749
Intangible assets, net	69,246		76,131
Mortgage servicing rights	304,722		277,608
Real estate and other repossessed assets, net of allowance (June 30, 2023 – $4,406; December 31, 2022 – $10,115)	4,227		14,304
Derivative contracts, net	353,037		880,343
Cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance	411,084		406,751
Receivable on unsettled securities sales	133,909		31,004
Other assets	1,220,653		1,354,379
Total assets	$	49,237,920	$	47,790,642
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	$	10,782,548	$	13,395,337
Interest-bearing deposits:
Transaction	18,907,981		18,659,115
Savings	897,937		964,411
Time	2,706,377		1,461,842
Total deposits	33,294,843		34,480,705
Funds purchased and repurchase agreements	5,446,864		2,270,377
Other borrowings	3,777,056		4,736,908
Subordinated debentures	131,154		131,205
Accrued interest, taxes and expense	228,797		296,870
Derivative contracts, net	550,653		554,900
Due on unsettled securities purchases	400,430		147,470
Other liabilities	540,726		484,849
Total liabilities	44,370,523		43,103,284
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock ($0.00006 par value; 2,500,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: June 30, 2023 – 76,592,098; December 31, 2022 – 76,423,345)	5		5
Capital surplus	1,401,509		1,390,395
Retained earnings	5,065,733		4,824,164
Treasury stock (shares at cost: June 30, 2023 – 10,222,890; December 31, 2022 – 9,464,711)	(766,721)		(694,960)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(836,672)		(836,955)
Total shareholders' equity	4,863,854		4,682,649
Non-controlling interests	3,543		4,709
Total equity	4,867,397		4,687,358
Total liabilities and equity	$	49,237,920	$	47,790,642

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

- 47 -

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Common Stock			Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders' Equity		Non- Controlling Interests		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance, March 31, 2023	76,556	$	5	$	1,397,096	$	4,950,176	9,955	$	(743,937)	$	(728,554)	$	4,874,786	$	3,241	$	4,878,027
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		151,308		—	—		—		151,308		328		151,636
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—	—		(108,118)		(108,118)		—		(108,118)
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—		—		266	(22,590)		—		(22,590)		—		(22,590)
Share-based compensation plans:
Stock options exercised	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Non-vested shares awarded,      net	36	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of non-vested      shares	—	—		—		—		2	(194)		—		(194)		—		(194)
Share-based compensation	—	—		4,413		—		—	—		—		4,413		—		4,413
Cash dividends on common      stock	—	—		—		(35,751)		—	—		—		(35,751)		—		(35,751)
Capital calls and distributions,      net	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		(26)		(26)
Balance, June 30, 2023	76,592	$	5	$	1,401,509	$	5,065,733	10,223	$	(766,721)	$	(836,672)	$	4,863,854	$	3,543	$	4,867,397
Balance, December 31, 2022	76,423	$	5	$	1,390,395	$	4,824,164	9,465	$	(694,960)	$	(836,955)	$	4,682,649	$	4,709	$	4,687,358
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		313,676		—	—		—		313,676		456		314,132
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—	—		283		283		—		283
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—		—		713	(67,066)		—		(67,066)		—		(67,066)
Share-based compensation      plans:
Stock options exercised	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Non-vested shares awarded,      net	169	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of non-vested      shares	—	—		—		—		45	(4,695)		—		(4,695)		—		(4,695)
Share-based compensation	—	—		11,114		—		—	—		—		11,114		—		11,114
Cash dividends on common      stock	—	—		—		(72,107)		—	—		—		(72,107)		—		(72,107)
Capital calls and distributions,      net	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		(1,622)		(1,622)
Balance, June 30, 2023	76,592	$	5	$	1,401,509	$	5,065,733	10,223	$	(766,721)	$	(836,672)	$	4,863,854	$	3,543	$	4,867,397

- 48 -

	Common Stock			Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders' Equity		Non- Controlling Interests		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance, March 31, 2022	76,412	$	5	$	1,381,666	$	4,473,884	8,308	$	(588,147)	$	(417,826)	$	4,849,582	$	3,942	$	4,853,524
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		132,846		—	—		—		132,846		12		132,858
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—	—		(184,802)		(184,802)		—		(184,802)
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—		—		294	(24,404)		—		(24,404)		—		(24,404)
Share-based compensation      plans:
Stock options exercised	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Non-vested shares awarded,      net	(4)	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of non-vested      shares	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		10		—		—	—		—		10		—		10
Cash dividends on common      stock	—	—		—		(35,893)		—	—		—		(35,893)		—		(35,893)
Capital calls and distributions,      net	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		249		249
Balance, June 30, 2022	76,408	$	5	$	1,381,676	$	4,570,837	8,602	$	(612,551)	$	(602,628)	$	4,737,339	$	4,203	$	4,741,542
Balance, December 31, 2021	76,254	$	5	$	1,378,794	$	4,447,691	7,786	$	(535,129)	$	72,371	$	5,363,732	$	4,639	$	5,368,371
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		195,334		—	—		—		195,334		(24)		195,310
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—	—		(674,999)		(674,999)		—		(674,999)
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—		—		770	(72,478)		—		(72,478)		—		(72,478)
Share-based compensation      plans:
Stock options exercised	1	—		37		—		—	—		—		37		—		37
Non-vested shares awarded,      net	153	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of non-vested      shares	—	—		—		—		46	(4,944)		—		(4,944)		—		(4,944)
Share-based compensation	—	—		2,845		—		—	—		—		2,845		—		2,845
Cash dividends on common      stock	—	—		—		(72,188)		—	—		—		(72,188)		—		(72,188)
Capital calls and distributions,      net	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		(412)		(412)
Balance, June 30, 2022	76,408	$	5	$	1,381,676	$	4,570,837	8,602	$	(612,551)	$	(602,628)	$	4,737,339	$	4,203	$	4,741,542

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

- 49 -

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2023		2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	$	314,132	$	195,310
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	33,000		—
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights due to market assumption changes	(3,202)		(66,595)
Change in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights due to principal payments	13,829		15,317
Net unrealized (gains) losses from derivative contracts	(25,310)		(47,004)
Share-based compensation	11,114		2,845
Depreciation and amortization	56,583		52,971
Net amortization of discounts and premiums	(8,733)		6,417
Net losses (gains) on financial instruments and other losses (gains), net	(11,617)		7,157
Net loss (gain) on mortgage loans held for sale	2,153		(6,521)
Mortgage loans originated for sale	(353,409)		(779,103)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale	332,944		793,223
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights	(6,603)		(10,969)
Change in trading and fair value option securities	(893,843)		6,283,157
Change in receivables	(82,491)		62,029
Change in other assets	44,365		(17,067)
Change in other liabilities	17,318		(55,875)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(559,770)		6,435,292
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Proceeds from maturities or redemptions of investment securities	140,043		26,730
Proceeds from maturities or redemptions of available for sale securities	656,703		1,365,103
Purchases of investment securities	(2,504)		—
Purchases of available for sale securities	(1,266,764)		(1,919,632)
Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities	135,489		211,301
Change in amount receivable on unsettled available for sale securities transactions	(10,548)		(19,793)
Loans originated, net of principal collected	(678,700)		(1,070,725)
Net payments on derivative asset contracts	156,205		151,559
Net change in restricted equity securities	(30,435)		(12,017)
Proceeds from disposition of assets	29,136		11,559
Purchases of assets	(97,875)		(119,302)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(969,250)		(1,375,217)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net change in demand deposits, transaction deposits and savings accounts	(2,430,397)		(2,288,412)
Net change in time deposits	1,244,535		(334,729)
Net change in other borrowed funds	2,208,867		(1,671,503)
Net proceeds on derivative liability contracts	(151,457)		(131,361)
Net change in derivative margin accounts	707,266		(1,417,338)
Change in amount due on unsettled available for sale securities transactions	139,688		132,781
Issuance of common and treasury stock, net	(4,695)		(4,907)
Repurchase of common stock	(67,066)		(72,478)
Dividends paid	(72,107)		(72,188)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	1,574,634		(5,860,135)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	45,614		(800,060)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,401,716		2,837,410
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	1,447,330	$	2,037,350
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	$	401,187	$	35,094
Cash paid for taxes	$	123,821	$	66,862
Net loans and bank premises transferred to repossessed real estate and other assets	$	225	$	4,080
Transfer of available for sale securities to investment securities	$	—	$	2,454,273
Residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies that became eligible for repurchase during the period	$	7,768	$	20,836
Conveyance of other real estate owned guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	$	2,569	$	3,478
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$	64,899	$	15,506

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

- 50 -

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(1) Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of BOK Financial Corporation ("BOK Financial" or "the Company") have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles for interim financial information generally accepted in the United States and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include accounts of BOK Financial and its subsidiaries, principally BOKF, NA ("the Bank"), BOK Financial Securities, Inc., and BOK Financial Private Wealth, Inc. Operating divisions of the Bank include Bank of Albuquerque, Bank of Oklahoma, Bank of Texas, BOK Financial in Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado and Kansas/Missouri, BOK Financial Mortgage and the TransFund electronic funds network.

Certain reclassifications have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

The financial information should be read in conjunction with BOK Financial's 2022 Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which contains audited financial statements. Amounts presented as of December 31, 2022 have been derived from the audited financial statements included in BOK Financial's 2022 Form 10-K but do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. Operating results for the six-month period ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

Newly Adopted and Pending Accounting Policies

Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB")

FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures ("ASU 2022-02")

On March 31, 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02 which eliminates the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") for creditors in ASC 310-40, while also no longer requiring an entity to consider renewals, modifications, and extensions that result from reasonably expected TDRs in their calculation of the allowance for credit losses. For receivables for which there has been a modification in their contractual cash flows, ASU 2022-02 requires disclosure, by class of financing receivable, of the types of modifications, the financial effects of those modifications, and the performance of these modified receivables, along with receivables that had a payment default during the current period and had modifications to the contractual cash flows within 12 months prior to the default. Further, ASU 2022-02 requires entities to disclose gross write-offs recorded in the current period by year of origination in the vintage disclosures on a year-to-date basis. ASU 2022-02 was effective for the Company January 1, 2023. Amendments related to TDR recognition and measurement and vintage disclosures were applied prospectively and are included in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements. Adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company's financial condition or results of operations.

FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements ("ASU 2023-01")

On March 27, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-01 which, in part, amends the accounting for leasehold improvement in common-control arrangements. Under previous guidance, a lessee is generally required to amortize leasehold improvements that it owns over the shorter of the useful life of those improvements or the lease term. However, due to the nature of leasehold improvements made under leases between entities under common control, ASU 2023-01 requires a lessee in a common-control arrangement to amortize such leasehold improvements that it owns over the improvements' useful life to the common control group, regardless of the lease term. ASU 2023-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of ASU 2023-01 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

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FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-02, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method ("ASU 2023-02")

On March 29, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02 which amends previous guidance to allow entities to account for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits, as opposed to only being allowed to apply this method to qualifying tax equity investments in low-income housing tax credit structures as was the case under previous guidance. ASU 2023-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. On June 30, 2023, the Company early adopted ASU 2023-02 as of January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach, which did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements. The Company transitioned from the equity method of accounting and began applying the proportional amortization method of accounting to its qualifying new markets tax credit and historic tax credit investments in addition to its low income housing tax credit partnerships already subject to the proportional amortization method.

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(2) Securities

Trading Securities

The fair value and net unrealized gain (loss) included in trading securities are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gain (Loss)		Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gain (Loss)
U.S. government securities	$	46,994	$	(13)	$	9,823	$	(16)
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	5,334,372		(33,275)		4,406,848		4
Municipal securities	49,595		140		21,484		(136)
Other trading securities	11,403		(129)		26,006		(175)
Total trading securities	$	5,442,364	$	(33,277)	$	4,464,161	$	(323)

Investment Securities

The amortized cost and fair values of investment securities are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023
	Amortized		Carrying		Fair		Gross Unrealized
	Cost		Value1		Value		Gain		Loss
Municipal securities	$	136,803	$	136,803	$	141,587	$	5,168	$	(384)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency	2,397,098		2,205,685		2,014,427		128		(191,386)
Commercial agency	17,259		15,760		14,636		—		(1,124)
Other debt securities	16,288		16,288		14,734		—		(1,554)
Total investment securities	2,567,448		2,374,536		2,185,384		5,296		(194,448)
Allowance for credit losses	(465)		(465)		—		—		—
Investment securities, net of allowance	$	2,566,983	$	2,374,071	$	2,185,384	$	5,296	$	(194,448)

1    Carrying value includes $193 million of net unrealized loss which remains in Accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") in the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to certain securities transferred during the second quarter of 2022 from the Available for Sale securities portfolio to the Investment securities portfolio.

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized		Carrying		Fair		Gross Unrealized
	Cost		Value1		Value		Gain		Loss
Municipal securities	$	170,629	$	170,629	$	176,621	$	6,456	$	(464)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency	2,538,565		2,315,219		2,143,360		155		(172,014)
Commercial agency	17,259		15,609		14,588		—		(1,021)
Other debt securities	12,788		12,788		12,199		—		(589)
Total investment securities	2,739,241		2,514,245		2,346,768		6,611		(174,088)
Allowance for credit losses	(558)		(558)		—		—		—
Investment securities, net of allowance	$	2,738,683	$	2,513,687	$	2,346,768	$	6,611	$	(174,088)

1    Carrying value includes $225 million of net unrealized loss which remains in Accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") in the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to certain securities transferred during the second quarter of 2022 from the Available for Sale securities portfolio to the Investment securities portfolio.

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The amortized cost and fair values of investment securities at June 30, 2023, by contractual maturity, are as shown in the following table (dollars in thousands):

	Less than One Year		One to Five Years		Six to Ten Years		Over Ten Years		Total		Weighted Average Maturity1
Fixed maturity debt securities:
Carrying value	$	26,633	$	100,361	$	41,844	$	13	$	168,851	3.59
Fair value	26,772		104,295		39,877		13		170,957
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Carrying value									$	2,205,685	2
Fair value									2,014,427
Total investment securities:
Carrying value									$	2,374,536
Fair value									2,185,384

1Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities, because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalty.

2The average expected lives of residential mortgage-backed securities were 5.3 years based upon current prepayment assumptions.

Temporarily Impaired Investment Securities

(dollars in thousands):

	June 30, 2023
	Number of Securities	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Investment:
Municipal securities	20	$	16,740	$	79	$	6,484	$	305	$	23,224	$	384
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency	116	2,309		128		2,010,981		191,258		2,013,290		191,386
Commercial agency	2	—		—		14,637		1,124		14,637		1,124
Other debt securities	3	8,464		1,536		257		18		8,721		1,554
Total investment securities	141	$	27,513	$	1,743	$	2,032,359	$	192,705	$	2,059,872	$	194,448

	December 31, 2022
	Number of Securities	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Investment:
Municipal securities	22	$	18,037	$	406	$	544	$	58	$	18,581	$	464
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency	116	2,142,114		172,014		—		—		2,142,114		172,014
Commercial agency	2	14,588		1,021		—		—		14,588		1,021
Other debt securities	3	9,428		571		257		18		9,685		589
Total investment securities	143	$	2,184,167	$	174,012	$	801	$	76	$	2,184,968	$	174,088

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Available for Sale Securities 

The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale securities are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023
	Amortized		Fair		Gross Unrealized
	Cost		Value		Gain		Loss
U.S. Treasury	$	1,000	$	901	$	—	$	(99)
Municipal securities	547,510		491,715		—		(55,795)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency	6,492,794		6,114,202		852		(379,444)
Residential non-agency	746,481		699,178		10,458		(57,761)
Commercial agency	5,049,144		4,632,054		556		(417,646)
Other debt securities	500		473		—		(27)
Total available for sale securities	$	12,837,429	$	11,938,523	$	11,866	$	(910,772)

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized		Fair		Gross Unrealized
	Cost		Value		Gain		Loss
U.S. Treasury	$	1,000	$	898	$	—	$	(102)
Municipal securities	687,875		624,500		321		(63,696)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency	6,161,358		5,814,496		13,085		(359,947)
Residential non-agency	616,423		577,576		11,776		(50,623)
Commercial agency	4,892,257		4,475,917		3,479		(419,819)
Other debt securities	500		473		—		(27)
Total available for sale securities	$	12,359,413	$	11,493,860	$	28,661	$	(894,214)

The amortized cost and fair values of available for sale securities at June 30, 2023, by contractual maturity, are as shown in the following table (dollars in thousands):

	Less than One Year		One to Five Years		Six to Ten Years		Over Ten Years		Total		Weighted Average Maturity1
Fixed maturity debt securities:
Amortized cost	$	180,223	$	2,894,432	$	1,987,608	$	535,891	$	5,598,154	5.71
Fair value	178,499		2,675,529		1,769,950		501,165		5,125,143
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Amortized cost									$	7,239,275	2
Fair value									6,813,380
Total available for sale securities:
Amortized cost									$	12,837,429
Fair value									11,938,523

1Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalty.

2The average expected lives of residential mortgage-backed securities were 4.5 years based upon current prepayment assumptions.

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Sales of available for sale securities resulted in gains and losses as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Proceeds	$	135,489	$	156,116	$	135,489	$	211,301
Gross realized gains	703		1,461		703		3,394
Gross realized losses	(3,713)		(273)		(3,713)		(1,269)
Related federal and state income tax expense	(708)		278		(708)		497

The fair value of debt securities pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements, public trust funds on deposit and for other purposes, as required by law was $14.6 billion at June 30, 2023 and $11.2 billion at December 31, 2022. The secured parties do not have the right to sell or repledge these securities.

Temporarily Impaired Available for Sale Securities

(Dollars in thousands)

	June 30, 2023
	Number of Securities	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Available for sale:
U.S. Treasury	1	$	—	$	—	$	901	$	99	$	901	$	99
Municipal securities	192	35,516		1,022		456,199		54,773		491,715		55,795
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency	716	2,853,011		74,530		3,035,935		304,914		5,888,946		379,444
Residential non-agency	35	278,467		9,156		369,937		48,605		648,404		57,761
Commercial agency	302	998,353		23,530		3,528,331		394,116		4,526,684		417,646
Other debt securities	1	—		—		473		27		473		27
Total available for sale securities	1,247	$	4,165,347	$	108,238	$	7,391,776	$	802,534	$	11,557,123	$	910,772

	December 31, 2022
	Number of Securities	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Available for sale:
U.S. Treasury	1	$	—	$	—	$	899	$	102	$	899	$	102
Municipal securities	227	146,634		5,301		428,248		58,395		574,882		63,696
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential agency	613	3,879,582		256,973		863,732		102,974		4,743,314		359,947
Residential non-agency	26	499,716		50,623		—		—		499,716		50,623
Commercial agency	285	1,647,778		63,701		2,535,816		356,118		4,183,594		419,819
Other debt securities	1	—		—		473		27		473		27
Total available for sale securities	1,153	$	6,173,710	$	376,598	$	3,829,168	$	517,616	$	10,002,878	$	894,214

Based on evaluations of impaired securities as of June 30, 2023, the Company does not intend to sell any impaired available for sale debt securities before fair value recovers to the current amortized cost, and it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not be required to sell impaired securities before fair value recovers, which may be maturity.

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Fair Value Option Securities

Fair value option securities represent securities which the Company has elected to carry at fair value and are separately identified on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value are recognized in earnings as they occur. Certain securities are held as an economic hedge of the mortgage servicing rights. 

The fair value and net unrealized gain (loss) included in fair value option securities is as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	Fair Value	Net Unrealized Gain (Loss)	Fair Value	Net Unrealized Gain (Loss)
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	212,321	(2,492)	296,590	338

(3) Derivatives

Derivative instruments may be used by the Company as part of its internal risk management programs or may be offered to customers. All derivative instruments are carried at fair value, and changes in fair value are reported in earnings as they occur. Credit risk is also considered in determining fair value. Deterioration in the credit rating of customer or other counterparties reduce the fair value of asset contracts. Deterioration of our credit rating could decrease the fair value of our derivative liabilities.

When bilateral netting agreements or similar arrangements exist between the Company and its counterparties that create a single legal claim or obligation to pay or receive the net amount in settlement of the individual derivative contracts, the Company reports derivative assets and liabilities on a net by derivative contract type by counterparty basis.

Derivative contracts may require the Company to provide or receive cash margin as collateral for derivative assets and liabilities. Derivative assets and liabilities are reported net of cash margin when certain conditions are met. In addition, derivative contracts executed with customers under Customer Risk Management Programs may be secured by non-cash collateral in conjunction with a credit agreement with that customer. Access to collateral in the event of default is reasonably assured.

None of these derivative contracts have been designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes.

Customer Risk Management Programs

BOK Financial offers programs to permit its customers to manage various risks, including fluctuations in energy, cattle and other agricultural products, interest rates and foreign exchange rates with derivative contracts. Customers may also manage interest rate risk through interest rate swaps used by borrowers to modify interest rate terms of their loans. Derivative contracts are executed between the customers and BOK Financial. Offsetting contracts are executed between BOK Financial and other selected counterparties to minimize the risk of changes in commodity prices, interest rates or foreign exchange rates. The counterparty contracts are identical to customer contracts, except for a fixed pricing spread or fee paid to BOK Financial as profit and compensation for administrative costs and credit risk which is recognized over the life of the contracts and included in Other operating revenue – Brokerage and trading revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Trading

BOK Financial may offer derivative instruments such as to-be-announced securities to mortgage banking customers to enable them to manage their market risk or to mitigate the Company's market risk of holding trading securities. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments for trading purposes or used to mitigate the market risk of holding trading securities are included in Other operating revenue – Brokerage and trading revenue.

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Internal Risk Management Programs

BOK Financial may use derivative contracts in managing its interest rate sensitivity, as part of its economic hedge of the change in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used in managing interest rate sensitivity and as part of the economic hedge of changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights are included in Other operating revenue – Gain (loss) on derivatives, net in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

As discussed in Note 5, certain derivative contracts not designated as hedging instruments related to mortgage loan commitments and forward sales contracts are included in Residential mortgage loans held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 5 for additional discussion of notional, fair value and impact on earnings of these contracts.

The following table summarizes the fair values of derivative contracts recorded as "derivative contracts" assets and liabilities in the balance sheet at June 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Assets
	Notional1		Gross Fair Value		Netting Adjustments		Net Fair Value Before Cash Collateral		Cash Collateral		Fair Value Net of Cash Collateral
Customer risk management programs:
Interest rate contracts	$	2,667,177	$	150,410	$	—	$	150,410	$	(146,700)	$	3,710
Energy contracts	8,269,088		914,855		(587,545)		327,310		(120,398)		206,912
Foreign exchange contracts	62,860		60,509		—		60,509		(1,862)		58,647
Equity option contracts	8,107		60		—		60		(56)		4
Total customer risk management programs	11,007,232		1,125,834		(587,545)		538,289		(269,016)		269,273
Trading	24,565,864		133,391		(51,516)		81,875		(153)		81,722
Internal risk management programs	190,000		2,042		—		2,042		—		2,042
Total derivative contracts	$	35,763,096	$	1,261,267	$	(639,061)	$	622,206	$	(269,169)	$	353,037
	Liabilities
	Notional1		Gross Fair Value		Netting Adjustments		Net Fair Value Before Cash Collateral		Cash Collateral		Fair Value Net of Cash Collateral
Customer risk management programs:
Interest rate contracts	$	2,667,177	$	150,412	$	—	$	150,412	$	—	$	150,412
Energy contracts	8,266,679		903,909		(587,545)		316,364		(23,427)		292,937
Foreign exchange contracts	62,154		59,632		—		59,632		—		59,632
Equity option contracts	8,107		60		—		60		—		60
Total customer risk management programs	11,004,117		1,114,013		(587,545)		526,468		(23,427)		503,041
Trading	20,340,860		96,506		(51,516)		44,990		(1,559)		43,431
Internal risk management programs	335,000		4,181		—		4,181		—		4,181
Total derivative contracts	$	31,679,977	$	1,214,700	$	(639,061)	$	575,639	$	(24,986)	$	550,653

1    Notional amounts for commodity contracts are converted into dollar-equivalent amounts based on dollar prices at the inception of the contract.

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The following table summarizes the fair values of derivative contracts recorded as "derivative contracts" assets and liabilities in the balance sheet at December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	Assets
	Notional 1		Gross Fair Value		Netting Adjustments		Net Fair Value Before Cash Collateral		Cash Collateral		Fair Value Net of Cash Collateral
Customer risk management programs:
Interest rate contracts	$	2,629,318	$	158,825	$	—	$	158,825	$	(114,955)	$	43,870
Energy contracts	7,918,020		1,232,283		(594,543)		637,740		(67,024)		570,716
Foreign exchange contracts	219,791		216,569		—		216,569		—		216,569
Equity option contracts	21,102		193		—		193		(109)		84
Total customer risk management programs	10,788,231		1,607,870		(594,543)		1,013,327		(182,088)		831,239
Trading	17,400,037		126,910		(74,647)		52,263		(4,646)		47,617
Internal risk management programs	85,000		1,500		(13)		1,487		—		1,487
Total derivative contracts	$	28,273,268	$	1,736,280	$	(669,203)	$	1,067,077	$	(186,734)	$	880,343
	Liabilities
	Notional 1		Gross Fair Value		Netting Adjustments		Net Fair Value Before Cash Collateral		Cash Collateral		Fair Value Net of Cash Collateral
Customer risk management programs:
Interest rate contracts	$	2,629,122	$	158,816	$	—	$	158,816	$	—	$	158,816
Energy contracts	8,696,060		1,242,058		(594,543)		647,515		(484,319)		163,196
Foreign exchange contracts	214,855		211,233		—		211,233		(7)		211,226
Equity option contracts	21,102		193		—		193		—		193
Total customer risk management programs	11,561,139		1,612,300		(594,543)		1,017,757		(484,326)		533,431
Trading	14,038,906		94,958		(74,647)		20,311		(423)		19,888
Internal risk management programs	178,806		1,594		(13)		1,581		—		1,581
Total derivative contracts	$	25,778,851	$	1,708,852	$	(669,203)	$	1,039,649	$	(484,749)	$	554,900

1    Notional amounts for commodity contracts are converted into dollar-equivalent amounts based on dollar prices at the inception of the contract.

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The following summarizes the pre-tax net gains (losses) on derivative instruments and where they are recorded in the income statement (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2023				June 30, 2022
	Brokerage and Trading Revenue		Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, Net		Brokerage and Trading Revenue		Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, Net
Customer risk management programs:
Interest rate contracts	$	2,339	$	—	$	939	$	—
Energy contracts	11,250		—		12,036		—
Foreign exchange contracts	53		—		158		—
Equity option contracts	—		—		—		—
Total customer risk management programs	13,642		—		13,133		—
Trading1	64,172		—		(15,376)		—
Internal risk management programs	—		(8,159)		—		(13,569)
Total derivative contracts	$	77,814	$	(8,159)	$	(2,243)	$	(13,569)

1    Represents changes in fair value of to-be-announced securities and other derivative instruments held to mitigate market risk of trading securities portfolio, which is offset by changes in fair value of trading securities also included in Brokerage and Trading Revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023				June 30, 2022
	Brokerage and Trading Revenue		Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, Net		Brokerage and Trading Revenue		Gain (Loss) on Derivatives, Net
Customer risk management programs:
Interest rate contracts	4,109		—		7,281		—
Energy contracts	17,803		—		16,484		—
Foreign exchange contracts	84		—		306		—
Equity option contracts	—		—		—		—
Total customer risk management programs	21,996		—		24,071		—
Trading1	1,079		—		15,698		—
Internal risk management programs	—		(9,503)		—		(60,550)
Total derivative contracts	$	23,075	$	(9,503)	$	39,769	$	(60,550)

1    Represents changes in fair value of to-be-announced securities and other derivative instruments held to mitigate market risk of trading securities portfolio, which is offset by changes in fair value of trading securities also included in Brokerage and Trading Revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

(4) Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses

Loans

Loans are either secured or unsecured based on the type of loan and the financial condition of the borrower. Repayment is generally expected from cash flow or proceeds from the sale of selected assets of the borrower. BOK Financial is exposed to risk of loss on loans due to the borrower's difficulties, which may arise from any number of factors, including problems within the respective industry or local economic conditions. Access to collateral, in the event of borrower default, is reasonably assured through adherence to applicable lending laws and through sound lending standards and credit review procedures. Accounting policies for all loans, excluding residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, are as follows.

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Interest is accrued at the applicable interest rate on the principal amount outstanding. Loans are placed on nonaccruing status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal or interest is uncertain. Internally risk graded loans are individually evaluated for nonaccruing status quarterly. Non-risk graded loans are generally placed on nonaccruing status when more than 90 days past due or within 60 days of being notified of the borrower's bankruptcy filing. Interest previously accrued but not collected is charged against interest income when the loan is placed on nonaccruing status. Accrued but not paid interest receivable is included in Receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Payments on nonaccruing loans are applied to principal or recognized as interest income, according to management's judgment as to the collectability of principal. Loans may be returned to accruing status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal and interest, including principal previously charged off, is probable based on improvements in the borrower's financial condition or a sustained period of performance.

For loans acquired with no evidence of credit deterioration, discounts are accreted on either an individual basis for loans with unique characteristics or on a pool basis for groups of homogeneous loans. Accretion is discontinued when a loan with an individually attributed discount is placed on nonaccruing status.

Modifications of loans to existing borrowers generally consist of interest rate reductions, extension of payment terms, or a combination of these. Modifications may arise either voluntarily through negotiations with the borrower or involuntarily through court order. Payment deferrals up to six months are generally considered to be short-term modifications. Generally, principal and accrued but unpaid interest is not voluntarily forgiven. A change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance methodology.

Performing loans may be renewed under the current collateral value, debt service ratio and other underwriting standards. Nonaccruing loans may be renewed and will remain classified as nonaccruing. 

Occasionally, loans, other than residential mortgage loans, may be held for sale in order to manage credit concentration. These loans are carried at the lower of cost or fair value with gains or losses recognized in Other gains (losses), net in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

All loans are charged off when the loan balance or a portion of the loan balance is no longer supported by the paying capacity of the borrower or when the required cash flow is reduced in a modification. The charge-off amount is determined through a quarterly evaluation of available cash resources and collateral values. Internally risk graded loans are evaluated quarterly, and charge-offs are taken in the quarter in which the loss is identified. Non-risk graded loans that are past due between 60 days and 180 days, based on the loan product type, are charged off. Loans to borrowers whose personal obligation has been discharged through Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings are charged off within 60 days of notice of the bankruptcy filing, regardless of payment status.

Loan origination and commitment fees and direct loan acquisition and origination costs are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to yield over the life of the loan or over the commitment period, as applicable. Amortization does not anticipate loan prepayments. Net unamortized fees are recognized in full at time of payoff.

Qualifying residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies have been sold into GNMA pools. Under certain performance conditions specified in government programs, the Company may have the right, but not the obligation to repurchase loans from GNMA pools. These loans no longer qualify for sale accounting and are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We do not expect to receive all principal and interest based on the loan's contractual terms. A portion of the principal balance continues to be guaranteed; however, interest accrues at a curtailed rate as specified in the programs. The carrying value of these loans is reduced based on an estimate of the expected cash flows discounted at the original note rate plus a liquidity spread. Guaranteed loans may be modified in accordance with U.S. government agency guidelines. Interest continues to accrue based on the modified rate. Guaranteed loans may either be resold into GNMA pools after a performance period specified by the programs or foreclosed and conveyed to the guarantors.

Loans are disaggregated into portfolio segments and further disaggregated into classes. The portfolio segment is the level at which the Company develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. Classes are a further disaggregation of portfolio segments based on the risk characteristics of the loans and the Company's method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. 

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Portfolio segments of the loan portfolio are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Fixed Rate		Variable Rate		Non-accrual		Total		Fixed Rate		Variable Rate		Non-accrual		Total
Commercial	$	3,492,786	$	10,968,453	$	73,277	$	14,534,516	$	3,392,422	$	10,759,780	$	60,297	$	14,212,499
Commercial real estate	878,947		4,074,459		17,395		4,970,801		874,716		3,715,491		16,570		4,606,777
Loans to individuals	2,133,208		1,557,555		41,579		3,732,342		2,099,165		1,593,779		44,930		3,737,874
Total	$	6,504,941	$	16,600,467	$	132,251	$	23,237,659	$	6,366,303	$	16,069,050	$	121,797	$	22,557,150

Credit Commitments

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of conditions established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. At June 30, 2023, outstanding commitments totaled $15.0 billion. Because some commitments are expected to expire before being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does loans.

The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based upon management's credit evaluation of the borrower.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Because the credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments, BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in evaluating the creditworthiness of the customer. Additionally, BOK Financial uses the same evaluation process in obtaining collateral on standby letters of credit as it does for loan commitments. The term of these standby letters of credit is defined in each commitment and typically corresponds with the underlying loan commitment. At June 30, 2023, outstanding standby letters of credit totaled $722 million. 

Allowances for Credit Losses and Accrual for Off-balance Sheet Credit Risk from Unfunded Loans Commitments

The allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments represent the portion of the amortized cost basis of loans that we do not expect to collect over the asset's contractual life, considering past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses, including industry and product adjustments, is assessed quarterly by a senior management Allowance Committee. This review is based on an on-going evaluation of the estimated expected credit losses in the portfolio and on unused commitments to provide financing. A well-documented methodology has been developed and is applied by an independent Credit Administration department to assure consistency across the Company.

The allowance for loan losses consists of specific allowances attributed to certain individual loans, generally nonaccruing loans, with dissimilar risk characteristics that have not yet been charged down to amounts we expect to recover and general allowances for estimated credit losses on pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics.

When full collection of principal or interest is uncertain, the loan's risk characteristics have changed, and we exclude the loan from the general allowance pool, typically designating it as nonaccruing. For these loans, a specific allowance reflects the expected credit loss.

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We measure specific allowances for loans excluded from the general allowance pool by an evaluation of estimated future cash flows discounted at the loan's initial effective interest rate or the fair value of collateral for certain collateral dependent loans. For a non-collateral dependent loan, the specific allowance is the amount by which the loan's amortized cost basis exceeds its net realizable value. We measure the specific allowance for collateral dependent loans as the amount by which the loan's amortized cost basis exceeds its fair value. When repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of collateral, we deduct estimated selling costs from the collateral's fair value. Generally, for real property held as collateral for loans, third party appraisals that conform to Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice serve as the basis for the fair value of real property held as collateral. These appraised values are on an "as-is" basis and generally are not adjusted by the Company. We obtain updated appraisals at least annually or more frequently if market conditions indicate collateral values may have declined. For energy loans, our internal staff of engineers generally determines collateral value of mineral rights based on projected cash flows from proven oil and gas reserves under existing economic and operating conditions. For real property held as collateral for other loans, third party appraisals that conform to Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice generally serve as the basis for the fair value. These appraised values are on an "as-is" basis and generally are not adjusted by the Company. We obtain updated appraisals at least annually or more frequently if market conditions indicate collateral values may have declined. Our special assets staff generally determines the value of other collateral based on projected liquidation cash flows under current market conditions. We evaluate collateral values and available cash resources quarterly. Historical statistics may be used to estimate specific allowances in limited situations, such as when a collateral dependent loan is removed from the general allowance pool near the end of a reporting period until an appraisal of collateral value is received or a full assessment of future cash flows is completed.

General allowances estimate expected credit losses on pools of loans sharing similar risk characteristics that are expected to occur over the loan's estimated remaining life. The loan's estimated remaining life represents the contractual term adjusted for amortization, estimates of prepayments, and borrower-owned extension options. Approximately 90 percent of the committed dollars in the loan portfolio is risk graded loans with general allowance model inputs that include probability of default, loss given default, and exposure at default. Probability of default is based on the migration of loans from performing to nonperforming using historical life of loan analysis periods. Loss given default is based on the aggregate losses incurred, net of estimated recoveries. Exposure at default represents an estimate of the outstanding amount of credit exposure at the time a default may occur.

Charge-off migration is used to calculate the general allowance for the majority of non-risk graded loans to individuals. The expected credit loss on less than 10 percent of the committed dollars in the portfolio is calculated using charge-off migration.

The expected credit loss on approximately 1 percent of the committed dollars in the portfolio is calculated using a non-modeled approach. Specifically, the calculation applies a long-term net charge-off rate to the loan balances, adjusted for the weighted average remaining maturity of each portfolio.

In estimating the expected credit losses for general allowances on performing risk-graded loans, each portfolio class is assigned relevant economic loss drivers which best explain variations in portfolio net loss rates. The probability of default estimates for each portfolio class are adjusted for current and forecasted economic conditions. The result is applied to the exposure at default and loss given default to calculate the lifetime expected credit loss estimate. Selection of relevant economic loss drivers is re-evaluated periodically and involves statistical analysis as well as management judgment. The unemployment rate factors significantly in the allowance for loan losses calculation, affecting commercial and loans to individuals segments. Other primary factors impacting the commercial portfolio include BBB corporate spreads, real gross domestic product growth rate, and energy commodity prices. The primary commercial real estate variables are vacancy rate and BBB corporate spreads. In addition to the unemployment rate, the forecast for loans to individuals is tied to a home price index. The forecasts may include regional economic factors when localized conditions diverge from national conditions.

An Economic Forecast Committee, consisting of senior management with members largely independent of the allowance process develops a twelve-month forward-looking forecast for the relevant economic loss drivers. Management develops these forecasts based on external data as well as a view of future economic conditions which may include adjustments for regional conditions. The forecast includes three economic scenarios and probability weights for each scenario. The base forecast represents management's view of the most likely outcome, while the downside forecast reflects reasonably possible worsening economic conditions, and the upside forecast projects reasonably possible improving conditions.

At the end of the one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, we transition from shorter-term expected losses to long-term loss averages for the loan's estimated remaining life. The difference between short-term loss forecasts and long-term loss averages is run-off over the reversion horizon, up to three years, depending on the forecasted economic scenarios.

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General allowances also consider the estimated impact of factors that are not captured in the modeled results or historical experience. These factors may increase or decrease modeled results by amounts determined by the Allowance Committee. Factors not captured in modeled results or historical experience may include for example, new lines of business, market conditions that have not been previously encountered, observed changes in credit risk that are not yet reflected in macro-economic factors, or economic conditions that impact loss given default assumptions.

The accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk is maintained at a level that is appropriate to cover estimated losses associated with credit instruments that are not currently recognized as assets such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit or guarantees that are not unconditionally cancelable by the bank. This accrual is included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The appropriateness of the accrual is determined in the same manner as the allowance for loan losses, with the added consideration of commitment usage over the remaining life for those loans that the bank can not unconditionally cancel.

A provision for credit losses is charged against or credited to earnings in amounts necessary to maintain an appropriate Allowance for Credit Losses. Recoveries of loans previously charged off are added to the allowance when received.

The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Loans to Individuals		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	139,898	$	66,003	$	43,559	$	249,460
Provision for loan losses	5,420		14,300		237		19,957
Loans charged off	(2,797)		(4,000)		(1,252)		(8,049)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	748		44		554		1,346
Ending balance	$	143,269	$	76,347	$	43,098	$	262,714
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:
Beginning balance	$	20,608	$	40,211	$	2,124	$	62,943
Provision for off-balance sheet credit risk	(314)		(2,530)		(159)		(3,003)
Ending balance	$	20,294	$	37,681	$	1,965	$	59,940

	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Loans to Individuals		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	131,586	$	57,648	$	46,470	$	235,704
Provision for loan losses	11,750		24,726		(1,994)		34,482
Loans charged off	(2,809)		(6,208)		(2,699)		(11,716)
Recoveries	2,742		181		1,321		4,244
Ending balance	$	143,269	$	76,347	$	43,098	$	262,714
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:
Beginning balance	$	18,246	$	40,490	$	2,183	$	60,919
Provision for off-balance sheet credit losses	2,048		(2,809)		(218)		(979)
Ending balance	$	20,294	$	37,681	$	1,965	$	59,940

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	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2022
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Loans to Individuals		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	151,448	$	58,974	$	36,051	$	246,473
Provision for loan losses	(15,468)		4,085		5,225		(6,158)
Loans charged off	(6)		(78)		(1,284)		(1,368)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	1,588		16		563		2,167
Ending balance	$	137,562	$	62,997	$	40,555	$	241,114
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:
Beginning balance	$	13,966	$	20,465	$	1,814	$	36,245
Provision for off-balance sheet credit risk	1,873		4,205		(73)		6,005
Ending balance	$	15,839	$	24,670	$	1,741	$	42,250

	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2022
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Loans to Individuals		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	162,056	$	58,553	$	35,812	$	256,421
Provision for loan losses	(20,586)		4,553		5,908		(10,125)
Loans charged off	(6,087)		(269)		(2,817)		(9,173)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	2,179		160		1,652		3,991
Ending balance	$	137,562	$	62,997	$	40,555	$	241,114
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:
Beginning balance	$	13,812	$	17,442	$	1,723	$	32,977
Provision for off-balance sheet credit risk	2,027		7,228		18		9,273
Ending balance	$	15,839	$	24,670	$	1,741	$	42,250

A $17.0 million provision for credit losses was necessary for the second quarter of 2023, primarily related to higher assumed commercial real estate vacancy rates during the forecast period and overall loan portfolio growth during the quarter.

The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each measurement method at June 30, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

	Collectively Measured for General Allowances				Individually Measured for Specific Allowances				Total
	Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance
Commercial	$	14,461,239	$	135,453	$	73,277	$	7,816	$	14,534,516	$	143,269
Commercial real estate	4,953,406		74,797		17,395		1,550		4,970,801		76,347
Loans to individuals	3,690,763		43,098		41,579		—		3,732,342		43,098
Total	$	23,105,408	$	253,348	$	132,251	$	9,366	$	23,237,659	$	262,714

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The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each measurement method at December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):

	Collectively Measured for General Allowances				Individually Measured for Specific Allowances				Total
	Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance
Commercial	$	14,152,202	$	127,566	$	60,297	$	4,020	$	14,212,499	$	131,586
Commercial real estate	4,590,207		56,098		16,570		1,550		4,606,777		57,648
Loans to individuals	3,692,944		46,470		44,930		—		3,737,874		46,470
Total	$	22,435,353	$	230,134	$	121,797	$	5,570	$	22,557,150	$	235,704

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company utilizes risk grading as primary credit quality indicators as it influences the probability of default which is a key attribute in the expected credit losses calculation. Substantially all commercial as well as commercial real estate loans and certain loans to individuals are risk graded based on a quarterly evaluation of the borrowers' ability to repay the loans. Certain commercial loans and most loans to individuals are small, homogeneous pools that are not risk-graded. The credit quality of these loans is based on past due days in accordance with regulatory guidelines.

We have included in the credit quality indicator "pass" loans that are in compliance with the original terms of the agreement and currently exhibit no factors that cause management to have doubts about the borrowers' ability to remain in compliance with the original terms of the agreement, which is consistent with the regulatory guideline of "pass". This also includes past due residential mortgages that are guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government that continue to accrue interest based on criteria of the guarantors' programs.

Other loans especially mentioned ("Special Mention") are currently performing in compliance with the original terms of the agreement but may have a potential weakness that deserves management's close attention, consistent with regulatory guidelines. Non-graded loans 30 to 59 days past due are categorized as Special Mention.

The risk grading process identifies certain loans that have a well-defined weakness (for example, inadequate debt service coverage or liquidity or marginal capitalization; repayment may depend on collateral or other risk mitigation) that may jeopardize liquidation of the debt and represent a greater risk due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. This is consistent with the regulatory guideline for "substandard". Because the borrowers are still performing in accordance with the original terms of the loan agreements, these loans remain on accruing status. Non-graded loans 60 to 89 days past due are categorized as Accruing Substandard.

Nonaccruing loans represent loans for which full collection of principal and interest is uncertain. This includes certain loans considered "substandard" and all loans considered "doubtful" by regulatory guidelines. Non-graded loans 90 or more days past due are categorized as Nonaccrual.

Probability of default is lowest for pass graded loans and increases for each credit quality indicator, Special Mention, and Accruing Substandard.

Vintage represents the year of origination, except for revolving loans which are considered in aggregate. Loans that were once revolving but have converted to term loans without additional underwriting appear in a separate vintage column.

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The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio at June 30, 2023 by the risk grade categories and vintage (in thousands): 

	Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total
Commercial:
Energy
Pass	$	120,233	$	99,929	$	50,910	$	8,713	$	10,528	$	10,884	$	3,185,817	$	—	$	3,487,014
Accruing Substandard	—		—		—		—		651		1,050		—		—		1,701
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		117		19,920		—		20,037
Total energy	120,233		99,929		50,910		8,713		11,179		12,051		3,205,737		—		3,508,752
Loans charged-off, year-to-date	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Healthcare
Pass	357,976		857,991		584,067		465,489		367,300		958,933		275,267		17		3,867,040
Special Mention	—		—		18,722		6,986		14,025		32,123		980		—		72,836
Accruing Substandard	—		540		—		—		—		12,518		1,700		—		14,758
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		25,967		10,786		—		—		36,753
Total healthcare	357,976		858,531		602,789		472,475		407,292		1,014,360		277,947		17		3,991,387
Loans charged-off, year-to-date	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Services
Pass	378,254		681,854		461,897		262,276		158,543		759,638		820,662		607		3,523,731
Special Mention	—		18,244		252		180		623		2,171		3,963		—		25,433
Accruing Substandard	—		629		836		1,756		2,556		3,372		22,259		56		31,464
Nonaccrual	—		—		4,137		404		—		—		—		—		4,541
Total services	378,254		700,727		467,122		264,616		161,722		765,181		846,884		663		3,585,169
Loans charged-off, year-to-date	—		—		882		—		—		—		1,899		—		2,781
General business
Pass	443,873		624,377		292,674		158,127		158,780		339,584		1,327,452		2,352		3,347,219
Special Mention	898		3,461		7,449		44		114		1,485		15,563		—		29,014
Accruing Substandard	—		41,341		2,931		46		—		6,072		10,629		10		61,029
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		14		60		11,843		29		11,946
Total general business	444,771		669,179		303,054		158,217		158,908		347,201		1,365,487		2,391		3,449,208
Loans charged-off, year-to-date	—		—		—		2		—		12		4		10		28
Total commercial	1,301,234		2,328,366		1,423,875		904,021		739,101		2,138,793		5,696,055		3,071		14,534,516
Commercial real estate:
Pass	281,559		1,541,831		1,173,425		491,657		543,242		790,115		117,939		—		4,939,768
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		13,638		—		—		13,638
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		7,343		10,052		—		—		17,395
Total commercial real estate	281,559		1,541,831		1,173,425		491,657		550,585		813,805		117,939		—		4,970,801
Loans charged-off, year-to-date	—		—		—		—		—		6,208		—		—		6,208

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	Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage
Pass	190,406		339,049		359,330		363,831		59,080		267,776		356,384		22,218		1,958,074
Special Mention	—		246		—		1,347		—		355		3,388		—		5,336
Accruing Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		54		253		—		307
Nonaccrual	—		1,147		2,280		2,828		729		20,042		2,228		719		29,973
Total residential mortgage	190,406		340,442		361,610		368,006		59,809		288,227		362,253		22,937		1,993,690
Loans charged-off, year-to-date	—		—		7		—		—		4		1		—		12
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Pass	—		1,184		2,089		5,872		7,690		157,862		—		—		174,697
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		299		641		10,533		—		—		11,473
Total residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	—		1,184		2,089		6,171		8,331		168,395		—		—		186,170
Personal:
Pass	83,233		230,418		175,862		151,387		130,574		199,122		575,095		249		1,545,940
Special Mention	—		47		82		49		7		3		6,056		—		6,244
Accruing Substandard	—		—		—		—		160		—		5		—		165
Nonaccrual	—		36		5		45		5		14		28		—		133
Total personal	83,233		230,501		175,949		151,481		130,746		199,139		581,184		249		1,552,482
Loans charged-off, year-to-date	—		43		40		16		—		2,584		4		1		2,688
Total loans to individuals	273,639		572,127		539,648		525,658		198,886		655,761		943,437		23,186		3,732,342
Total loans	$	1,856,432	$	4,442,324	$	3,136,948	$	1,921,336	$	1,488,572	$	3,608,359	$	6,757,431	$	26,257	$	23,237,659

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The following table summarizes the Company's loan portfolio at December 31, 2022 by the risk grade categories and vintage (in thousands): 

	Origination Year
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total
Commercial:
Energy
Pass	$	157,745	$	76,951	$	30,284	$	12,783	$	5,992	$	4,980	$	3,104,906	$	—	$	3,393,641
Accruing Substandard	—		—		—		664		385		683		28,018		—		29,750
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		159		1,240		—		1,399
Total energy	157,745		76,951		30,284		13,447		6,377		5,822		3,134,164		—		3,424,790
Healthcare
Pass	932,097		604,886		476,854		404,204		464,989		618,163		245,898		20		3,747,111
Special Mention	—		—		—		20,071		—		18,859		4		—		38,934
Accruing Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		14,304		3,634		—		17,938
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		26,480		6,373		8,181		—		—		41,034
Total healthcare	932,097		604,886		476,854		450,755		471,362		659,507		249,536		20		3,845,017
Services
Pass	821,785		496,510		286,085		193,481		156,736		696,300		722,371		639		3,373,907
Special Mention	502		5,139		989		771		894		1,345		8,668		—		18,308
Accruing Substandard	—		—		—		2,459		43		2,789		17,665		122		23,078
Nonaccrual	—		5,570		449		—		—		2,389		7,820		—		16,228
Total services	822,287		507,219		287,523		196,711		157,673		702,823		756,524		761		3,431,521
General business
Pass	725,894		361,839		198,274		172,878		139,140		283,694		1,570,536		2,329		3,454,584
Special Mention	17,759		13,065		208		71		7		2,291		7,094		26		40,521
Accruing Substandard	—		2,169		66		4,130		4,680		3,287		94		4		14,430
Nonaccrual	—		—		1,052		14		72		5		485		8		1,636
Total general business	743,653		377,073		199,600		177,093		143,899		289,277		1,578,209		2,367		3,511,171
Total commercial	2,655,782		1,566,129		994,261		838,006		779,311		1,657,429		5,718,433		3,148		14,212,499
Commercial real estate:
Pass	1,188,483		1,158,002		552,616		641,102		247,625		633,304		161,616		—		4,582,748
Accruing Substandard	—		—		—		7,459		—		—		—		—		7,459
Nonaccrual	—		—		—		—		—		16,570		—		—		16,570
Total commercial real estate	1,188,483		1,158,002		552,616		648,561		247,625		649,874		161,616		—		4,606,777

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	Origination Year
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage
Pass	354,497		373,190		393,002		63,142		40,525		260,625		352,126		22,176		1,859,283
Special Mention	—		81		42		—		142		388		527		87		1,267
Accruing Substandard	—		—		187		—		—		138		117		1		443
Nonaccrual	32		1,656		2,717		362		1,904		20,139		2,216		765		29,791
Total residential mortgage	354,529		374,927		395,948		63,504		42,571		281,290		354,986		23,029		1,890,784
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Pass	289		2,254		9,000		10,722		17,244		191,426		—		—		230,935
Nonaccrual	—		—		299		1,460		2,319		10,927		—		—		15,005
Total residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	289		2,254		9,299		12,182		19,563		202,353		—		—		245,940
Personal:
Pass	254,497		193,095		154,887		172,114		68,871		201,278		549,187		332		1,594,261
Special Mention	47		28		40		12		17		—		6,003		4		6,151
Accruing Substandard	—		444		—		160		—		—		—		—		604
Nonaccrual	38		7		12		22		14		18		23		—		134
Total personal	254,582		193,574		154,939		172,308		68,902		201,296		555,213		336		1,601,150
Total loans to individuals	609,400		570,755		560,186		247,994		131,036		684,939		910,199		23,365		3,737,874
Total loans	$	4,453,665	$	3,294,886	$	2,107,063	$	1,734,561	$	1,157,972	$	2,992,242	$	6,790,248	$	26,513	$	22,557,150

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Nonaccruing Loans

A summary of nonaccruing loans at June 30, 2023 follows (in thousands): 

	As of June 30, 2023
	Total		With No Allowance		With Allowance		Related Allowance
Commercial:
Energy	$	20,037	$	20,037	$	—	$	—
Healthcare	36,753		36,753		—		—
Services	4,541		404		4,137		3,218
General business	11,946		7,348		4,598		4,598
Total commercial	73,277		64,542		8,735		7,816
Commercial real estate	17,395		7,504		9,891		1,550
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage	29,973		29,973		—		—
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	11,473		11,473		—		—
Personal	133		133		—		—
Total loans to individuals	41,579		41,579		—		—
Total	$	132,251	$	113,625	$	18,626	$	9,366

A summary of nonaccruing loans at December 31, 2022 follows (in thousands): 

	As of December 31, 2022
	Total		With No Allowance		With Allowance		Related Allowance
Commercial:
Energy	$	1,399	$	1,399	$	—	$	—
Healthcare	41,034		34,661		6,373		946
Services	16,228		7,835		8,393		3,074
General business	1,636		1,636		—		—
Total commercial	60,297		45,531		14,766		4,020
Commercial real estate	16,570		393		16,177		1,550
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage	29,791		29,791		—		—
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	15,005		15,005		—		—
Personal	134		134		—		—
Total loans to individuals	44,930		44,930		—		—
Total	$	121,797	$	90,854	$	30,943	$	5,570

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Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

At June 30, 2023 the Company had $57.6 million of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, including $36.9 million of healthcare loans, $10.7 million of residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and $9.5 million of general business loans. Modifications generally consist of interest rate reductions, an other than insignificant payment delay, term extension or a combination. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, $4.4 million of residential mortgage loans were modified and subsequently defaulted with $4.3 million of these defaulted loans being guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. A payment default is defined as being 30 or more days past due after modification.

Past Due Loans

Past due status for all loan classes is based on the actual number of days since the last payment was due according to the contractual terms of the loans, as modified for short-term payment deferral forbearance.

A summary of loans currently performing and past due as of June 30, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

			Past Due								Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing
	Current		30 to 59 Days		60 to 89 Days		90 Days or More		Total
Commercial:
Energy	$	3,508,752	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,508,752	$	—
Healthcare	3,959,317		—		—		32,070		3,991,387		—
Services	3,582,538		2,172		55		404		3,585,169		—
General business	3,444,191		4,893		118		6		3,449,208		6
Total commercial	14,494,798		7,065		173		32,480		14,534,516		6
Commercial real estate	4,963,458		—		—		7,343		4,970,801		—
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage	1,976,973		10,537		2,850		3,330		1,993,690		54
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	75,333		30,504		18,302		62,031		186,170		55,782
Personal	1,548,084		3,185		1,009		204		1,552,482		160
Total loans to individuals	3,600,390		44,226		22,161		65,565		3,732,342		55,996
Total	$	23,058,646	$	51,291	$	22,334	$	105,388	$	23,237,659	$	56,002

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A summary of loans currently performing and past due as of December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):

			Past Due								Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing
	Current		30 to 59 Days		60 to 89 Days		90 Days or More		Total
Commercial:
Energy	$	3,424,766	$	24	$	—	$	—	$	3,424,790	$	—
Healthcare	3,812,164		5,914		26,480		459		3,845,017		—
Services	3,423,042		1,060		2,461		4,958		3,431,521		—
General business	3,509,094		257		1,424		396		3,511,171		396
Total commercial	14,169,066		7,255		30,365		5,813		14,212,499		396
Commercial real estate	4,606,029		531		—		217		4,606,777		—
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage	1,872,155		10,632		1,828		6,169		1,890,784		114
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	108,019		36,119		19,400		82,402		245,940		75,604
Personal	1,600,595		502		21		32		1,601,150		—
Total loans to individuals	3,580,769		47,253		21,249		88,603		3,737,874		75,718
Total	$	22,355,864	$	55,039	$	51,614	$	94,633	$	22,557,150	$	76,114

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(5) Mortgage Banking Activities

Residential Mortgage Loan Production

The Company originates, markets and services conventional and government-sponsored residential mortgage loans. Generally, conforming fixed rate residential mortgage loans are held for sale in the secondary market, and non-conforming and adjustable-rate residential mortgage loans are retained for investment. Residential mortgage loans originated for sale by the Company are carried at fair value based on sales commitments and market quotes. Changes in the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale are included in Other operating revenue – Mortgage banking revenue. Residential mortgage loans held for sale also includes the fair value of residential mortgage loan commitments and forward sales commitments, which are considered derivative contracts that have not been designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. The volume of mortgage loans originated for sale and secondary market prices are the primary drivers of originating and marketing revenue.

Residential mortgage loan commitments are generally outstanding for 60 to 90 days, which represents the typical period from commitment to originate a residential mortgage loan to when the closed loan is sold to an investor. Residential mortgage loan commitments are subject to both credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk is managed through underwriting policies and procedures, including collateral requirements, which are generally accepted by the secondary loan markets. Exposure to interest rate fluctuations is partially managed through forward sales of residential mortgage-backed securities and forward sales contracts. These latter contracts set the price for loans that will be delivered in the next 60 to 90 days.

The unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans held for sale, notional amounts of derivative contracts related to residential mortgage loan commitments and forward contract sales and their related fair values included in Mortgage loans held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheets were (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Unpaid Principal Balance/ Notional		Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance/ Notional		Fair Value
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	$	93,379	$	92,250	$	74,941	$	73,938
Residential mortgage loan commitments	55,031		1,829		45,492		1,054
Forward sales contracts	124,228		741		109,469		280
			$	94,820			$	75,272

No residential mortgage loans held for sale were 90 days or more past due or considered impaired as of June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. No credit losses were recognized on residential mortgage loans held for sale for the six month period ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Mortgage banking revenue was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Production revenue:
Net realized gains (losses) on sale of mortgage loans	$	(296)	$	3,158	$	(2,027)	$	10,041
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans held for sale	(496)		2,307		(126)		(3,520)
Net change in the fair value of mortgage loan commitments	(865)		998		775		(2,300)
Net change in the fair value of forward sales contracts	1,373		(6,967)		461		330
Total production revenue	(284)		(504)		(917)		4,551
Servicing revenue	15,425		11,872		30,425		23,467
Total mortgage banking revenue	$	15,141	$	11,368	$	29,508	$	28,018

Production revenue includes gain (loss) on residential mortgage loans held for sale and changes in the fair value of derivative contracts not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes related to residential mortgage loan commitments and forward sales contracts. Servicing revenue includes servicing fee income and late charges on loans serviced for others.

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Residential Mortgage Servicing

Mortgage servicing rights may be originated or purchased. Both originated and purchased mortgage servicing rights are initially recognized at fair value. The Company has elected to carry all mortgage servicing rights at fair value. Changes in the fair value are recognized in earnings as they occur. The unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for others is the primary driver of servicing revenue.

The following represents a summary of mortgage servicing rights (dollars in thousands):

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Number of residential mortgage loans serviced for others	116,980			110,541
Outstanding principal balance of residential mortgage loans serviced for others	$	20,693,294		$	18,863,201
Weighted average interest rate	3.58		%	3.59		%
Remaining term (in months)	283			283

The following represents activity in capitalized mortgage servicing rights (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning Balance	$	299,803	$	209,563	$	277,608	$	163,198
Additions	4,103		5,754		6,603		10,969
Acquisitions	—		44,867		31,138		44,867
Change in fair value due to principal payments	(8,445)		(7,357)		(13,829)		(15,317)
Change in fair value due to market assumption changes	9,261		17,485		3,202		66,595
Ending Balance	$	304,722	$	270,312	$	304,722	$	270,312

Changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights due to market assumption changes are included in Other operating revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in fair value due to principal payments are included in Mortgage banking costs. 

Mortgage servicing rights are not traded in active markets. Fair value is determined by discounting the projected net cash flows. Significant market assumptions used to determine fair value based on significant unobservable inputs were as follows:

	June 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Discount rate – risk-free rate plus a market premium	9.44%	9.51%
Prepayment rate - based upon loan interest rate, original term and loan type	7.27%	7.54%
Loan servicing costs – annually per loan based upon loan type:
Performing loans	$69 - $94	$69 - $94
Delinquent loans	$150 - $500	$150 - $500
Loans in foreclosure	$875 - $8,000	$875 - $8,000
Escrow earnings rate – indexed to rates paid on deposit accounts with comparable average life	4.18%	4.06%
Primary/secondary mortgage rate spread	105 bps	105 bps
Delinquency rate	1.91%	2.33%

Changes in primary residential mortgage interest rates directly affect the prepayment speeds used in valuing our mortgage servicing rights. A separate third party model is used to estimate prepayment speeds based on interest rates, housing turnover rates, estimated loan curtailment, anticipated defaults and other relevant factors. The prepayment model is updated periodically for changes in market conditions and adjusted to better correlate with actual performance of BOK Financial's servicing portfolio.

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(6) Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Litigation Contingencies

On June 24, 2015, BOKF, NA received a complaint that an employee had colluded with a bond issuer and an individual in misusing revenues pledged to municipal bonds for which BOKF, NA served as trustee under the bond indenture. The Company conducted an investigation and concluded that employees in one of its Corporate Trust offices had, with respect to a single group of affiliated bond issuances, violated Company policies and procedures. The relationship manager was terminated. The Company reported the circumstances to, and cooperated with an investigation by, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). On September 7, 2016, BOKF, NA agreed to, and the SEC entered, a consent order finding that BOKF, NA had violated Section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act and required BOKF, NA to disgorge $1,067,721 of fees and pay a civil penalty of $600,000. BOKF, NA disgorged the fees and paid the penalty. On August 26, 2016, BOKF, NA was sued in the United States District Court for New Jersey by two bondholders in a putative class action alleging BOKF, NA participated in the fraudulent sale of securities by the principals. While the action remains stayed with no current deadlines pending, plaintiffs recently informed the Court of their intent to request the stay be lifted in a joint status report. BOKF, NA plans to oppose the request to lift the stay. On September 14, 2016, BOKF, NA was sued in the District Court of Tulsa County, Oklahoma by 19 bondholders also alleging BOKF, NA participated in the fraudulent sale of securities by the principals. On April 18, 2023 seven plaintiffs dismissed their claims without prejudice. Discovery on the remaining plaintiff's claims is ongoing. Management is advised by counsel that, in the Tulsa County District Court action, a loss is not probable and that the loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated.

On December 28, 2015, in an action brought by the SEC, the New Jersey District Court entered a judgment against the principals involved in issuing the bonds. On January 8, 2020, the Court entered judgment against the principal individual and his wife for $36,805,051 in principal amount and $10,937,831 in pre-judgment interest. The SEC continues to aggressively pursue collection of the judgment. If the individual principal and his wife cannot pay the bonds, a bondholder loss could become probable. Management has been advised by counsel that BOKF, NA has valid defenses to claims of bondholders and that no loss to the Company is probable. No provision for losses has been made at this time. BOKF, NA estimates that, upon sale of all remaining collateral securing payment of the bonds, approximately $25 million in principal will remain outstanding. A reasonable estimate cannot be made of the amount of any bondholder loss, though the amount of bondholder loss could be material to the Company in the event a loss to the Company becomes probable.

In the ordinary course of business, BOK Financial and its subsidiaries are subject to legal actions and complaints. Management believes, based upon the opinion of counsel, that the actions and liability or loss, if any, resulting from the final outcomes of the proceedings, will not have a material effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Alternative Investment Commitments

The Company invests in several tax credit entities and other funds as permitted by banking regulations. Consolidation of these investments is based on the variable interest model.

At June 30, 2023, the Company has $417 million in interests in various alternative investments generally consisting of unconsolidated limited partnership interests in entities for which investment return is in the form of low income housing tax credits or other investments in merchant banking activities. These investments are recognized in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. This investment balance also includes $101 million of unfunded commitments included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(7) Shareholders' Equity

On August 1, 2023, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.54 per common share payable on or about August 30, 2023 to shareholders of record as of August 15, 2023.

Dividends declared were $0.54 and $1.08 per share during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and $0.53 and $1.06 per share during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

AOCI includes unrealized gains and losses on available for sale ("AFS") securities. AOCI also includes unrealized losses on AFS securities that were transferred from AFS to investment securities in the second quarter of 2022. Such amounts are being amortized over the estimated remaining life of the security as an adjustment to yield, offsetting the related amortization of premium on the transferred securities. Gains and losses in AOCI are net of deferred income taxes.

A rollforward of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is included as follows (in thousands):

	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on
	Available for Sale Securities		Investment Securities Transferred from AFS		Employee Benefit Plans		Total
Balance, Dec. 31, 2021	$	69,775	$	—	$	2,596	$	72,371
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)	(881,577)		—		—		(881,577)
Transfer of net unrealized loss from AFS to investment securities	267,509		(267,509)		—		—
Reclassification adjustments included in earnings:
Interest revenue, Investment securities	—		2,455		—		2,455
Gain on available for sale securities, net	(2,125)		—		—		(2,125)
Other comprehensive loss, before income taxes	(616,193)		(265,054)		—		(881,247)
Federal and state income taxes	(144,215)		(62,033)		—		(206,248)
Other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes	(471,978)		(203,021)		—		(674,999)
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	(402,203)	$	(203,021)	$	2,596	$	(602,628)
Balance, Dec. 31, 2022	$	(664,618)	$	(172,337)	$	—	$	(836,955)
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)	(36,363)		—		—		(36,363)
Reclassification adjustments included in earnings:
Interest revenue, Investment securities	—		32,084		—		32,084
Loss on available for sale securities, net	3,010		—		—		3,010
Other comprehensive income (loss), before income taxes	(33,353)		32,084		—		(1,269)
Federal and state income taxes	(8,839)		7,287		—		(1,552)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes	(24,514)		24,797		—		283
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	(689,132)	$	(147,540)	$	—	$	(836,672)

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(8) Earnings Per Share

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income attributable to BOK Financial Corp. shareholders	$	151,308	$	132,846	$	313,676	$	195,334
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities	1,202		949		2,457		1,400
Numerator for basic earnings per share – income available to common shareholders	150,106		131,897		311,219		193,934
Effect of reallocating undistributed earnings of participating securities	—		—		—		—
Numerator for diluted earnings per share – income available to common shareholders	$	150,106	$	131,897	$	311,219	$	193,934
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	66,521,728		67,938,607		66,684,603		68,105,679
Less:  Participating securities included in weighted average shares outstanding	527,596		484,859		522,555		489,283
Denominator for basic earnings per common share	65,994,132		67,453,748		66,162,048		67,616,396
Dilutive effect of employee stock compensation plans	—		1,424		—		1,438
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share	65,994,132		67,455,172		66,162,048		67,617,834
Basic earnings per share	$	2.27	$	1.96	$	4.70	$	2.87
Diluted earnings per share	$	2.27	$	1.96	$	4.70	$	2.87

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(9) Reportable Segments

Reportable segments reconciliation to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended June 30, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

	Commercial		Consumer		Wealth Management		Funds Management and Other		BOK Financial Consolidated
Net interest revenue from external sources	$	299,712	$	17,828	$	4,415	$	306	$	322,261
Net interest revenue (expense) from internal sources	(39,613)		95,563		44,937		(100,887)		—
Net interest revenue (expense)	260,099		113,391		49,352		(100,581)		322,261
Net loans charged off and provision for credit losses	6,000		1,129		(45)		9,916		17,000
Net interest revenue after provision for credit losses	254,099		112,262		49,397		(110,497)		305,261
Other operating revenue	68,828		32,277		123,043		(15,099)		209,049
Other operating expense	77,479		52,340		84,859		103,995		318,673
Net direct contribution	245,448		92,199		87,581		(229,591)		195,637
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net	231		(10,257)		—		10,026		—
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	—		9,261		—		(9,261)		—
Gain (loss) on repossessed assets, net	408		—		—		(408)		—
Corporate expense allocations	21,404		12,318		12,574		(46,296)		—
Net income (loss) before taxes	224,683		78,885		75,007		(182,938)		195,637
Federal and state income taxes	54,504		18,553		17,690		(46,746)		44,001
Net income (loss)	170,179		60,332		57,317		(136,192)		151,636
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	—		—		—		328		328
Net income (loss) attributable to BOK Financial Corp. shareholders	$	170,179	$	60,332	$	57,317	$	(136,520)	$	151,308
Average assets	$	28,170,869	$	9,597,723	$	12,949,258	$	(2,809,743)	$	47,908,107

Reportable segments reconciliation to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the six months ended June 30, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

	Commercial		Consumer		Wealth Management		Funds Management and Other		BOK Financial Consolidated
Net interest revenue from external sources	$	587,970	$	38,974	$	25,355	$	22,310	$	674,609
Net interest revenue (expense) from internal sources	(60,714)		183,798		78,103		(201,187)		—
Net interest revenue	527,256		222,772		103,458		(178,877)		674,609
Net loans charged off and provision for credit losses	6,076		2,313		(69)		24,680		33,000
Net interest revenue after provision for credit losses	521,180		220,459		103,527		(203,557)		641,609
Other operating revenue	125,673		62,887		231,954		(33,600)		386,914
Other operating expense	150,613		102,538		166,898		204,436		624,485
Net direct contribution	496,240		180,808		168,583		(441,593)		404,038
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net	173		(14,930)		—		14,757		—
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	—		3,202		—		(3,202)		—
Gain (loss) on repossessed assets, net	1,267		14		—		(1,281)		—
Corporate expense allocations	39,122		23,940		24,934		(87,996)		—
Net income (loss) before taxes	458,558		145,154		143,649		(343,323)		404,038
Federal and state income taxes	111,073		34,139		33,885		(89,191)		89,906
Net income (loss)	347,485		111,015		109,764		(254,132)		314,132
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	—		—		—		456		456
Net income (loss) attributable to BOK Financial Corp. shareholders	$	347,485	$	111,015	$	109,764	$	(254,588)	$	313,676
Average assets	$	28,166,923	$	9,765,186	$	12,309,730	$	(3,291,232)	$	46,950,607

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Reportable segments reconciliation to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended June 30, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):

	Commercial		Consumer		Wealth Management		Funds Management and Other		BOK Financial Consolidated
Net interest revenue from external sources	$	172,995	$	16,784	$	39,412	$	44,827	$	274,018
Net interest revenue (expense) from internal sources	(6,452)		17,002		(1,665)		(8,885)		—
Net interest revenue	166,543		33,786		37,747		35,942		274,018
Net loans charged off and provision for credit losses	(1,502)		1,196		(60)		366		—
Net interest revenue after provision for credit losses	168,045		32,590		37,807		35,576		274,018
Other operating revenue	61,688		30,089		86,761		(9,921)		168,617
Other operating expense	69,631		52,660		76,393		74,971		273,655
Net direct contribution	160,102		10,019		48,175		(49,316)		168,980
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net	61		(15,860)		—		15,799		—
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	—		17,485		—		(17,485)		—
Gain (loss) on repossessed assets, net	(4,515)		93		—		4,422		—
Corporate expense allocations	16,617		10,120		12,503		(39,240)		—
Net income before taxes	139,031		1,617		35,672		(7,340)		168,980
Federal and state income taxes	33,916		378		8,385		(6,557)		36,122
Net income	105,115		1,239		27,287		(783)		132,858
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	—		—		—		12		12
Net income attributable to BOK Financial Corp. shareholders	$	105,115	$	1,239	$	27,287	$	(795)	$	132,846
Average assets	$	29,269,712	$	10,338,191	$	16,902,721	$	(9,222,090)	$	47,288,534

Reportable segments reconciliation to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the six months ended June 30, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):

	Commercial		Consumer		Wealth Management		Funds Management and Other		BOK Financial Consolidated
Net interest revenue from external sources	$	320,585	$	33,699	$	95,643	$	92,502	$	542,429
Net interest revenue (expense) from internal sources	(17,031)		27,294		(2,130)		(8,133)		—
Net interest revenue	303,554		60,993		93,513		84,369		542,429
Net loans charged off and provision for credit losses	3,841		2,308		(131)		(6,018)		—
Net interest revenue after provision for credit losses	299,713		58,685		93,644		90,387		542,429
Other operating revenue	119,115		64,050		111,779		(38,471)		256,473
Other operating expense	134,521		101,449		151,012		164,291		551,273
Net direct contribution	284,307		21,286		54,411		(112,375)		247,629
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net	(143)		(73,755)		—		73,898		—
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	—		66,595		—		(66,595)		—
Gain (loss) on repossessed assets, net	(2,722)		138		—		2,584		—
Corporate expense allocations	32,847		22,200		24,575		(79,622)		—
Net income before taxes	248,595		(7,936)		29,836		(22,866)		247,629
Federal and state income taxes	60,951		(1,858)		7,070		(13,844)		52,319
Net income	187,644		(6,078)		22,766		(9,022)		195,310
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	—		—		—		(24)		(24)
Net income attributable to BOK Financial Corp. shareholders	$	187,644	$	(6,078)	$	22,766	$	(8,998)	$	195,334
Average assets	$	29,545,278	$	10,306,218	$	19,101,045	$	(10,036,777)	$	48,915,764

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(10) Fees and Commissions Revenue

Fees and commissions revenue is generated through the sales of products, consisting primarily of financial instruments, and the performance of services for customers under contractual obligations. Revenue from providing services for customers is recognized at the time services are provided in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to for those services. Revenue is recognized based on the application of five steps:

•Identify the contract with a customer

•Identify the performance obligations in the contract

•Determine the transaction price

•Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation

For contracts with multiple performance obligations, individual performance obligations are accounted for separately if the customer can benefit from the good or service on its own or with other resources readily available to the customer, and the promise to transfer goods and services to the customer is separately identifiable in the contract. The transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations based on relative standalone selling prices.

Revenue is recognized on a gross basis whenever we have primary responsibility and risk in providing the services or products to our customers and have discretion in establishing the price for the services or products. Revenue is recognized on a net basis whenever we act as an agent for products or services of others.

Brokerage and trading revenue includes revenues from trading, customer hedging, retail brokerage and investment banking. Trading revenue includes net realized and unrealized gains primarily related to sales of securities to institutional customers and related derivative contracts. Customer hedging revenue includes realized and unrealized changes in the fair value of derivative contracts held for customer risk management programs including credit valuation adjustments, as necessary. We offer commodity, interest rate, foreign exchange and equity derivatives to our customers. These customer contracts are offset with contracts with selected counterparties and exchanges to minimize changes in market risk from changes in commodity prices, interest rates or foreign exchange rates. Retail brokerage revenue represents fees and commissions earned on sales of fixed income securities, annuities, mutual funds and other financial instruments to retail customers. Investment banking revenue includes fees earned upon completion of underwriting and financial advisory services. Investment banking revenue also includes fees earned in conjunction with loan syndications. Insurance brokerage revenues represents fees and commissions earned on placement of insurance products with carriers for property and casualty and health coverage.

Transaction card revenue includes merchant discount fees and electronic funds transfer network fees, net of interchange fees paid to card issuers and assessments paid to card networks. Merchant discount fees represent fees paid by customers for account management and electronic processing of card transactions. Merchant discount fees are recognized at the time the customer's transactions are processed or other services are performed. The Company also maintains the TransFund electronic funds transfer network for the benefit of its members, which includes the Bank. Electronic funds transfer fees are recognized as electronic transactions processed on behalf of its members. 

Fiduciary and asset management revenue includes fees from asset management, custody, recordkeeping, investment advisory and administration services. Revenue is recognized on an accrual basis at the time the services are performed and may be based on either the fair value of the account or the service provided.

Deposit service charges and fees include commercial account service charges, overdraft fees, check card fee revenue and automated service charge and other deposit service fees. Fees are recognized at least quarterly in accordance with published deposit account agreements and disclosure statements for retail accounts or contractual agreements for commercial accounts. Item charges for overdraft or non-sufficient funds items are recognized as items are presented for payment. Account balance charges and activity fees are accrued monthly and collected in arrears. Commercial account activity fees may be offset by an earnings credit based on account balances. Check card fees represent interchange fees paid by a merchant bank for transactions processed from cards issued by the Company. Check card fees are recognized when transactions are processed.

Mortgage banking revenue includes revenues recognized in conjunction with the origination, marketing and servicing of conventional and government-sponsored residential mortgage loans. Mortgage production revenue includes net realized gains (losses) on sales of residential mortgage loans in the secondary market and the net change in unrealized gains (losses) on residential mortgage loans held for sale. Mortgage production revenue also includes changes in the fair value of derivative contracts not designated as hedging instruments related to residential mortgage loan commitments and forward sales contracts. Mortgage servicing revenue includes servicing fee income and late charges on loans serviced for others.

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Fees and commissions revenue by reportable segment and primary service line is as follows for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

	Commercial		Consumer		Wealth Management		Funds Management & Other		Consolidated		Out of Scope1		In Scope2
Trading revenue	$	—	$	—	$	36,921	$	—	$	36,921	$	36,921	$	—
Customer hedging revenue	12,839		—		(159)		962		13,642		13,642		—
Retail brokerage revenue	—		—		3,321		—		3,321		—		3,321
Insurance brokerage revenue	—		—		2,857		—		2,857		—		2,857
Investment banking revenue	3,514		—		4,751		—		8,265		3,452		4,813
Brokerage and trading revenue	16,353		—		47,691		962		65,006		54,015		10,991
TransFund EFT network revenue	20,483		907		(17)		2		21,375		—		21,375
Merchant services revenue	2,494		10		—		—		2,504		—		2,504
Corporate card revenue	1,834		—		184		106		2,124		—		2,124
Transaction card revenue	24,811		917		167		108		26,003		—		26,003
Personal trust revenue	—		—		25,799		—		25,799		—		25,799
Corporate trust revenue	—		—		7,201		—		7,201		—		7,201
Institutional trust & retirement plan services revenue	—		—		13,223		—		13,223		—		13,223
Investment management services and other revenue	—		—		6,775		(1)		6,774		—		6,774
Fiduciary and asset management revenue	—		—		52,998		(1)		52,997		—		52,997
Commercial account service charge revenue	13,364		530		488		(2)		14,380		—		14,380
Overdraft fee revenue	32		5,066		42		1		5,141		—		5,141
Check card revenue	—		5,976		—		(1)		5,975		—		5,975
Automated service charge and other deposit fee revenue	267		1,233		103		1		1,604		—		1,604
Deposit service charges and fees	13,663		12,805		633		(1)		27,100		—		27,100
Mortgage production revenue	—		(284)		—		—		(284)		(284)		—
Mortgage servicing revenue	—		15,993		—		(568)		15,425		15,425		—
Mortgage banking revenue	—		15,709		—		(568)		15,141		15,141		—
Other revenue	4,877		2,930		21,561		(15,118)		14,250		8,166		6,084
Total fees and commissions revenue	$	59,704	$	32,361	$	123,050	$	(14,618)	$	200,497	$	77,322	$	123,175

1     Out of scope revenue generally relates to financial instruments or contractual rights and obligations within the scope of other applicable accounting guidance.

2    In scope revenue represents revenue subject to FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

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Fees and commissions revenue by reportable segment and primary service line is as follows for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

	Commercial		Consumer		Wealth Management		Funds Management & Other		Consolidated		Out of Scope1		In Scope2
Trading revenue	$	—	$	—	$	64,519	$	—	$	64,519	$	64,519	$	—
Customer hedging revenue	19,326		—		(59)		2,729		21,996		21,996		—
Retail brokerage revenue	—		—		7,165		—		7,165		—		7,165
Insurance brokerage revenue	—		—		6,163		—		6,163		—		6,163
Investment banking revenue	7,212		—		10,347		—		17,559		7,050		10,509
Brokerage and trading revenue	26,538		—		88,135		2,729		117,402		93,565		23,837
TransFund EFT network revenue	40,982		1,815		(34)		4		42,767		—		42,767
Merchant services revenue	4,644		18		—		—		4,662		—		4,662
Corporate card revenue	3,619		—		361		215		4,195		—		4,195
Transaction card revenue	49,245		1,833		327		219		51,624		—		51,624
Personal trust revenue	—		—		49,744		—		49,744		—		49,744
Corporate trust revenue	—		—		14,861		—		14,861		—		14,861
Institutional trust & retirement plan services revenue	—		—		26,058		—		26,058		—		26,058
Investment management services and other revenue	—		—		13,013		(22)		12,991		—		12,991
Fiduciary and asset management revenue	—		—		103,676		(22)		103,654		—		103,654
Commercial account service charge revenue	26,235		1,029		965		(2)		28,227		—		28,227
Overdraft fee revenue	57		9,894		62		1		10,014		—		10,014
Check card revenue	—		11,614		—		—		11,614		—		11,614
Automated service charge and other deposit fee revenue	504		2,546		162		1		3,213		—		3,213
Deposit service charges and fees	26,796		25,083		1,189		—		53,068		—		53,068
Mortgage production revenue	—		(917)		—		—		(917)		(917)		—
Mortgage servicing revenue	—		31,551		—		(1,126)		30,425		30,425		—
Mortgage banking revenue	—		30,634		—		(1,126)		29,508		29,508		—
Other revenue	12,960		5,392		38,634		(25,766)		31,220		16,727		14,493
Total fees and commissions revenue	$	115,539	$	62,942	$	231,961	$	(23,966)	$	386,476	$	139,800	$	246,676

1     Out of scope revenue generally relates to financial instruments or contractual rights and obligations within the scope of other applicable accounting guidance.

2    In scope revenue represents revenue subject to FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

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Fees and commissions revenue by reportable segment and primary service line is as follows for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

	Commercial		Consumer		Wealth Management		Funds Management & Other		Consolidated		Out of Scope1		In Scope2
Trading revenue	$	—	$	—	$	11,991	$	—	$	11,991	$	11,991	$	—
Customer hedging revenue	7,740		—		305		5,088		13,133		13,133		—
Retail brokerage revenue	—		—		4,258		—		4,258		—		4,258
Insurance brokerage revenue	—		—		2,818		—		2,818		—		2,818
Investment banking revenue	7,069		—		4,774		—		11,843		6,371		5,472
Brokerage and trading revenue	14,809		—		24,146		5,088		44,043		31,495		12,548
TransFund EFT network revenue	20,367		912		(19)		2		21,262		—		21,262
Merchant services revenue	3,867		10		—		—		3,877		—		3,877
Corporate card revenue	1,594		—		101		106		1,801		—		1,801
Transaction card revenue	25,828		922		82		108		26,940		—		26,940
Personal trust revenue	—		—		25,676		—		25,676		—		25,676
Corporate trust revenue	—		—		6,476		—		6,476		—		6,476
Institutional trust & retirement plan services revenue	—		—		12,574		—		12,574		—		12,574
Investment management services and other revenue	—		—		5,112		—		5,112		—		5,112
Fiduciary and asset management revenue	—		—		49,838		—		49,838		—		49,838
Commercial account service charge revenue	13,791		469		523		(1)		14,782		—		14,782
Overdraft fee revenue	29		6,544		21		1		6,595		—		6,595
Check card revenue	—		6,013		—		2		6,015		—		6,015
Automated service charge and other deposit fee revenue	21		1,061		25		1		1,108		—		1,108
Deposit service charges and fees	13,841		14,087		569		3		28,500		—		28,500
Mortgage production revenue	—		(504)		—		—		(504)		(504)		—
Mortgage servicing revenue	—		12,368		—		(496)		11,872		11,872		—
Mortgage banking revenue	—		11,864		—		(496)		11,368		11,368		—
Other revenue	5,403		3,228		12,136		(8,083)		12,684		7,900		4,784
Total fees and commissions revenue	$	59,881	$	30,101	$	86,771	$	(3,380)	$	173,373	$	50,763	$	122,610

1     Out of scope revenue generally relates to financial instruments or contractual rights and obligations within the scope of other applicable accounting guidance.

2    In scope revenue represents revenue subject to FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

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Fees and commissions revenue by reportable segment and primary service line is as follows for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

	Commercial		Consumer		Wealth Management		Funds Management & Other3		Consolidated		Out of Scope1		In Scope2
Trading revenue	$	—	$	—	$	(42,057)	$	—	$	(42,057)	$	(42,057)	$	—
Customer hedging revenue	20,719		—		1,122		2,230		24,071		24,071		—
Retail brokerage revenue	—		—		8,868		—		8,868		—		8,868
Insurance brokerage revenue	—		—		6,556		—		6,556		—		6,556
Investment banking revenue	10,427		—		9,099		—		19,526		9,470		10,056
Brokerage and trading revenue	31,146		—		(16,412)		2,230		16,964		(8,516)		25,480
TransFund EFT network revenue	38,520		1,798		(36)		3		40,285		—		40,285
Merchant services revenue	7,508		20		—		—		7,528		—		7,528
Corporate card revenue	2,970		—		177		196		3,343		—		3,343
Transaction card revenue	48,998		1,818		141		199		51,156		—		51,156
Personal trust revenue	—		—		50,473		—		50,473		—		50,473
Corporate trust revenue	—		—		10,434		—		10,434		—		10,434
Institutional trust & retirement plan services revenue	—		—		25,141		—		25,141		—		25,141
Investment management services and other revenue	—		—		10,233		(44)		10,189		—		10,189
Fiduciary and asset management revenue	—		—		96,281		(44)		96,237		—		96,237
Commercial account service charge revenue	26,922		919		1,036		—		28,877		—		28,877
Overdraft fee revenue	60		12,737		44		1		12,842		—		12,842
Check card revenue	—		11,558		—		2		11,560		—		11,560
Automated service charge and other deposit fee revenue	44		2,168		11		2		2,225		—		2,225
Deposit service charges and fees	27,026		27,382		1,091		5		55,504		—		55,504
Mortgage production revenue	—		4,551		—		—		4,551		4,551		—
Mortgage servicing revenue	—		24,444		—		(977)		23,467		23,467		—
Mortgage banking revenue	—		28,995		—		(977)		28,018		28,018		—
Other revenue	9,675		5,883		30,693		(23,122)		23,129		15,175		7,954
Total fees and commissions revenue	$	116,845	$	64,078	$	111,794	$	(21,709)	$	271,008	$	34,677	$	236,331

1     Out of scope revenue generally relates to financial instruments or contractual rights and obligations within the scope of other applicable accounting guidance.

2    In scope revenue represents revenue subject to FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

(11) Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined by applicable accounting guidance as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market for the given asset or liability at the measurement date based on market conditions at that date. An orderly transaction assumes exposure to the market for a customary period for marketing activities prior to the measurement date and not a forced liquidation or distressed sale. Certain assets and liabilities are recorded in the Company's financial statements at fair value. Some are recorded on a recurring basis and some on a non-recurring basis.

For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might be available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might not be available. A hierarchy for fair value has been established which categorizes into three levels the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels are as follows:

Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1) - Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) - Fair value is based on significant other observable inputs which are generally determined based on a single price for each financial instrument provided to us by an applicable third-party pricing service and is based on one or more of the following:

•Quoted prices for similar, but not identical, assets or liabilities in active markets;

•Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

•Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, such as interest rate and yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates;

•Other inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market inputs.

Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) - Fair value is based upon model-based valuation techniques for which at least one significant assumption is not observable in the market.

Transfers between levels are recognized as of the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers in or out of quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments to significant other observable inputs or significant unobservable inputs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Transfers between significant other observable inputs and significant unobservable inputs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were immaterial.

The underlying methods used by the third-party pricing services are considered in determining the primary inputs used to determine fair values. Management has evaluated the methodologies employed by the third-party pricing services by comparing the price provided by the pricing service with other sources, including brokers' quotes, sales or purchases of similar instruments and discounted cash flows to establish a basis for reliance on the pricing service values. Significant differences between the pricing service provided value and other sources are discussed with the pricing service to understand the basis for their values. Based on all observable inputs, management may adjust prices obtained from third-party pricing services to more appropriately reflect the prices that would be received to sell assets or paid to transfer liabilities in orderly transactions in the current market. No significant adjustments were made to prices provided by third-party pricing services at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis was as follows as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Trading securities:
U.S. government securities	$	46,994	$	4,963	$	42,031	$	—
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	5,334,372		—		5,334,372		—
Municipal securities	49,595		—		49,595		—
Other trading securities	11,403		—		11,403		—
Total trading securities	5,442,364		4,963		5,437,401		—
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Treasury	901		901		—		—
Municipal securities	491,715		—		491,715		—
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	6,114,202		—		6,114,202		—
Residential non-agency mortgage-backed securities	699,178		—		699,178		—
Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities	4,632,054		—		4,632,054		—
Other debt securities	473		—		—		473
Total available for sale securities	11,938,523		901		11,937,149		473
Fair value option securities — Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	212,321		—		212,321		—
Residential mortgage loans held for sale1	94,820		—		87,572		7,248
Mortgage servicing rights2	304,722		—		—		304,722
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral3	353,037		2,506		350,531		—
Liabilities:
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral3	550,653		4		550,649		—

1Residential mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) consist of residential mortgage loans intended for sale to U.S. government agencies that fail to meet conforming standards and are valued at 78.99% of the unpaid principal balance.

2A reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value of mortgage servicing rights and disclosures of significant assumptions used to determine fair value are presented in Note 5, Mortgage Banking Activities.

3See Note 3 for detail of fair value of derivative contracts by contract type. Derivative contracts in asset and liability positions that were valued based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1) are primarily exchange-traded interest rate derivative contracts held for trading purposes.

- 87 -

The fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis was as follows as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Trading securities:
U.S. government securities	$	9,823	$	4,970	$	4,853	$	—
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	4,406,848		—		4,406,848		—
Municipal securities	21,484		—		21,484		—
Other trading securities	26,006		—		26,006		—
Total trading securities	4,464,161		4,970		4,459,191		—
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Treasury	898		898		—		—
Municipal securities	624,500		—		624,500		—
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	5,814,496		—		5,814,496		—
Residential non-agency mortgage-backed securities	577,576		—		577,576		—
Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities	4,475,917		—		4,475,917		—
Other debt securities	473		—		—		473
Total available for sale securities	11,493,860		898		11,492,489		473
Fair value option securities — Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	296,590		—		296,590		—
Residential mortgage loans held for sale1	75,272		—		68,054		7,218
Mortgage servicing rights2	277,608		—		—		277,608
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral3	880,343		2,110		878,233		—
Liabilities:
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral3	554,900		16		554,884		—

1Residential mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) consist of residential mortgage loans intended for sale to U.S. government agencies that fail to meet conforming standards and are valued at 77.55% of the unpaid principal balance.

2A reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value of mortgage servicing rights and disclosures of significant assumptions used to determine fair value are presented in Note 5, Mortgage Banking Activities.

3See Note 3 for detail of fair value of derivative contracts by contract type. Derivative contracts in asset and liability positions that were valued based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1) are primarily exchange-traded interest rate derivative contracts held for trading purposes.

- 88 -

Following is a description of the Company's valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:

Securities

The fair values of trading, available for sale and fair value option securities are based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, when available. If quoted prices for identical instruments are not available, fair values are based on significant other observable inputs such as quoted prices of comparable instruments or interest rates and credit spreads, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds and loss severities. The Company has elected to carry all residential mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies held as economic hedges against changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized in earnings.

The fair value of certain available for sale municipal and other debt securities may be based on significant unobservable inputs. These significant unobservable inputs include limited observed trades, projected cash flows, current credit rating of the issuers and, when applicable, the insurers of the debt and observed trades of similar debt. Discount rates are primarily based on references to interest rate spreads on comparable securities of similar duration and credit rating as determined by the nationally-recognized rating agencies adjusted for a lack of trading volume. Significant unobservable inputs are developed by investment securities professionals involved in the active trading of similar securities. A summary of significant inputs used to value these securities follows. A management committee composed of senior members from the Company's Capital Markets, Risk Management and Finance departments assesses the appropriateness of these inputs quarterly.

Derivatives

All derivative instruments are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. Fair values for exchange-traded contracts are based on quoted prices. Fair values for over-the-counter interest rate, commodity and foreign exchange contracts are based on valuations provided either by third-party dealers in the contracts, quotes provided by independent pricing services, or a third-party provided pricing model that uses significant other observable market inputs.

Credit risk is considered in determining the fair value of derivative instruments. Management determines fair value adjustments based on various risk factors including, but not limited to, current fair value, probability of default and loss given default.

We also consider our own credit risk in determining the fair value of derivative contracts. Changes in our credit rating would affect the fair value of our derivative liabilities. In the event of a credit downgrade, the fair value of our derivative liabilities would increase.

Residential Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Residential mortgage loans held for sale are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. The Company has elected to carry all residential mortgage loans originated for sale at fair value. Changes in the fair value of these financial instruments are recognized in earnings. The fair values of residential mortgage loans held for sale are based upon quoted market prices of such loans sold in securitization transactions, including related unfunded loan commitments and forward sales contracts. The fair value of mortgage loans that were unable to be sold to U.S. government agencies were determined using quoted prices of loans that are sold in securitization transactions with a liquidity discount applied.

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Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include collateral for certain nonaccruing loans and real property and other assets acquired to satisfy loans, which are based primarily on comparisons to completed sales of similar assets.

The following represents the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (and related losses) during the period. The carrying value represents only those assets with a balance at June 30, 2023 for which the fair value was adjusted during the six months ended June 30, 2023:

							Fair Value Adjustments for the
	Carrying Value at June 30, 2023						Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Recognized in:				Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Recognized in:
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs		Gross charge-offs against allowance for loan losses		Other gains (losses), net		Gross charge-offs against allowance for loan losses		Other gains (losses), net
Nonaccruing loans	$	—	$	—	$	12,048	$	6,797	$	—	$	8,787	$	—
Real estate and other repossessed assets	—		547		—		—		—		—		(101)

The following represents the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (and related losses) during the period. The carrying value represents only those assets with a balance at June 30, 2022 for which the fair value was adjusted during the six months ended June 30, 2022:

							Fair Value Adjustments for the
	Carrying Value at June 30, 2022						Three Months Ended Jun. 30, 2022 Recognized in:				Six Months Ended Jun. 30, 2022 Recognized in:
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs		Gross charge-offs against allowance for loan losses		Other gains (losses), net		Gross charge-offs against allowance for loan losses		Other gains (losses), net
Nonaccruing loans	$	—	$	99	$	126	$	—	$	—	$	478	$	—
Real estate and other repossessed assets	—		1,412		1,699		—		(5,811)		—		(5,705)

The fair value of collateral-dependent nonaccruing loans secured by real estate and real estate and other repossessed assets and the related fair value adjustments are generally based on unadjusted third-party appraisals. Our appraisal review policies require appraised values to be supported by observed inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Appraisals that are not based on observable inputs or that require significant adjustments or fair value measurements that are not based on third-party appraisals are considered to be based on significant unobservable inputs. Non-recurring fair value measurements of collateral-dependent nonaccruing loans and real estate and other repossessed assets based on significant unobservable inputs are generally due to estimates of current fair values between appraisal dates. Significant unobservable inputs include listing prices for the same or comparable assets, uncorroborated expert opinions or management's knowledge of the collateral or industry. Non-recurring fair value measurements of collateral dependent loans secured by mineral rights are generally determined by our internal staff of engineers on projected cash flows under current market conditions and are based on significant unobservable inputs. Projected cash flows are discounted according to risk characteristics of the underlying oil and gas properties. Assets are evaluated to demonstrate with reasonable certainty that crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids can be recovered from known oil and gas reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions at current prices with existing conventional equipment, operating methods and costs. Significant unobservable inputs are developed by asset management and workout professionals and approved by senior Credit Administration executives.

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A summary of quantitative information about Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements based on Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of June 30, 2023 follows (in thousands):

	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average)
Nonaccruing loans	$	12,048	Discounted cash flows	Management knowledge of industry and non-real estate collateral	44% - 62% (58%)1

1    Represents fair value as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance.    

A summary of quantitative information about Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements based on Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of June 30, 2022 follows (in thousands):

	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average)
Nonaccruing loans	$	126	Discounted cash flows	Management knowledge of industry and non-real estate collateral including, but not limited to, recoverable oil and gas reserves, forward-looking commodity prices, estimated operating costs	25% - 25% (25%)1
Real estate and other repossessed assets	1,699		Discounted cash flows	Management knowledge of industry and non-real estate collateral	N/A

1    Represents fair value as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of all financial instruments, including those financial assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and due from banks	$	875,714	$	875,714	$	875,714	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	571,616		571,616		571,616		—		—
Trading securities:
U.S. government securities	46,994		46,994		4,963		42,031		—
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	5,334,372		5,334,372		—		5,334,372		—
Municipal securities	49,595		49,595		—		49,595		—
Other trading securities	11,403		11,403		—		11,403		—
Total trading securities	5,442,364		5,442,364		4,963		5,437,401		—
Investment securities:
Municipal securities	136,803		141,587		—		17,567		124,020
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	2,205,685		2,014,427		—		2,014,427		—
Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities	15,760		14,636		—		14,636		—
Other debt securities	16,288		14,734		—		14,734		—
Total investment securities	2,374,536		2,185,384		—		2,061,364		124,020
Allowance for credit losses	(465)		—		—		—		—
Investment securities, net of allowance	2,374,071		2,185,384		—		2,061,364		124,020
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Treasury	901		901		901		—		—
Municipal securities	491,715		491,715		—		491,715		—
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	6,114,202		6,114,202		—		6,114,202		—
Residential non-agency mortgage-backed securities	699,178		699,178		—		699,178		—
Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities	4,632,054		4,632,054		—		4,632,054		—
Other debt securities	473		473		—		—		473
Total available for sale securities	11,938,523		11,938,523		901		11,937,149		473
Fair value option securities — Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	212,321		212,321		—		212,321		—
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	94,820		94,820		—		87,572		7,248
Loans:
Commercial	14,534,516		14,428,246		—		—		14,428,246
Commercial real estate	4,970,801		4,839,799		—		—		4,839,799
Loans to individuals	3,732,342		3,578,079		—		—		3,578,079
Total loans	23,237,659		22,846,124		—		—		22,846,124
Allowance for loan losses	(262,714)		—		—		—		—
Loans, net of allowance	22,974,945		22,846,124		—		—		22,846,124
Mortgage servicing rights	304,722		304,722		—		—		304,722
Derivative instruments with positive fair value, net of cash collateral	353,037		353,037		2,506		350,531		—
Deposits with no stated maturity	30,588,466		30,588,466		—		—		30,588,466
Time deposits	2,706,377		2,672,789		—		—		2,672,789
Other borrowed funds	9,223,920		9,221,872		—		—		9,221,872
Subordinated debentures	131,154		112,501		—		112,501		—
Derivative instruments with negative fair value, net of cash collateral	550,653		550,653		4		550,649		—

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The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of all financial instruments, including those financial assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and due from banks	$	943,810	$	943,810	$	943,810	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	457,906		457,906		457,906		—		—
Trading securities:
U.S. government securities	9,823		9,823		4,970		4,853		—
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	4,406,848		4,406,848		—		4,406,848		—
Municipal securities	21,484		21,484		—		21,484		—
Other trading securities	26,006		26,006		—		26,006		—
Total trading securities	4,464,161		4,464,161		4,970		4,459,191		—
Investment securities:
Municipal securities	170,629		176,621		—		38,106		138,515
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	2,315,219		2,143,360		—		2,143,360		—
Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities	15,609		14,588		—		14,588		—
Other debt securities	12,788		12,199		—		12,199		—
Total investment securities	2,514,245		2,346,768		—		2,208,253		138,515
Allowance for credit losses	(558)		—		—		—		—
Investment securities, net of allowance	2,513,687		2,346,768		—		2,208,253		138,515
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Treasury	898		898		898		—		—
Municipal securities	624,500		624,500		—		624,500		—
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	5,814,496		5,814,496		—		5,814,496		—
Residential non-agency mortgage-backed securities	577,576		577,576		—		577,576		—
Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities	4,475,917		4,475,917		—		4,475,917		—
Other debt securities	473		473		—		—		473
Total available for sale securities	11,493,860		11,493,860		898		11,492,489		473
Fair value option securities — Residential agency mortgage-backed securities	296,590		296,590		—		296,590		—
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	75,272		75,272		—		68,054		7,218
Loans:
Commercial	14,212,499		13,905,765		—		—		13,905,765
Commercial real estate	4,606,777		4,454,048		—		—		4,454,048
Loans to individuals	3,737,874		3,531,410		—		—		3,531,410
Total loans	22,557,150		21,891,223		—		—		21,891,223
Allowance for loan losses	(235,704)		—		—		—		—
Loans, net of allowance	22,321,446		21,891,223		—		—		21,891,223
Mortgage servicing rights	277,608		277,608		—		—		277,608
Derivative instruments with positive fair value, net of cash collateral	880,343		880,343		2,110		878,233		—
Deposits with no stated maturity	33,018,863		33,018,863		—		—		33,018,863
Time deposits	1,461,842		1,431,245		—		—		1,431,245
Other borrowed funds	7,007,285		7,005,305		—		—		7,005,305
Subordinated debentures	131,205		121,497		—		121,497		—
Derivative instruments with negative fair value, net of cash collateral	554,900		554,900		16		554,884		—

Because no market exists for certain of these financial instruments and management does not intend to sell these financial instruments, the fair values shown in the tables above may not represent values at which the respective financial instruments could be sold individually or in the aggregate at the given reporting date.

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(12) Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated events from the date of the consolidated financial statements on June 30, 2023 through the issuance of those consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. No events were identified requiring recognition in and/or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

- 94 -

Six-Month Financial Summary – Unaudited

Consolidated Daily Average Balances, Average Yields and Rates

(In thousands, except per share data)	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023						June 30, 2022
	Average Balance		Revenue/ Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Revenue/ Expense		Yield/ Rate
Assets
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	662,788	$	16,058	4.89	%	$	946,442	$	2,210	0.47	%
Trading securities	3,656,819		81,955		4.51	%	6,340,099		64,050		1.81	%
Investment securities	2,440,778		17,676		1.45	%	404,239		6,060		3.00	%
Available for sale securities	11,886,960		183,961		2.94	%	12,672,942		116,900		1.80	%
Fair value option securities	272,769		7,009		5.13	%	65,128		928		2.86	%
Restricted equity securities	334,431		12,237		7.32	%	166,118		2,491		3.00	%
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	69,385		2,071		5.82	%	163,853		2,953		3.62	%
Loans	22,683,791		770,614		6.85	%	20,762,329		385,767		3.75	%
Allowance for loan losses	(245,938)						(250,105)
Loans, net of allowance	22,437,853		770,614		6.92	%	20,512,224		385,767		3.79	%
Total earning assets	41,761,783		1,091,581		5.18	%	41,271,045		581,359		2.76	%
Receivable on unsettled securities sales	170,570						416,616
Cash and other assets	5,018,254						7,228,034
Total assets	$	46,950,607					$	48,915,695
Liabilities and equity
Interest-bearing deposits:
Transaction	$	18,503,496	$	207,208	2.26	%	$	21,895,619	$	16,797	0.15	%
Savings	942,575		738		0.16	%	964,544		149		0.03	%
Time	1,778,532		23,994		2.72	%	1,480,441		4,514		0.61	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	21,224,603		231,940		2.20	%	24,340,604		21,460		0.18	%
Funds purchased and repurchase agreements	2,720,397		56,355		4.18	%	1,612,144		6,306		0.79	%
Other borrowings	4,895,893		119,904		4.94	%	1,225,321		4,376		0.72	%
Subordinated debentures	131,159		4,288		6.59	%	131,223		2,775		4.26	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	28,972,052		412,487		2.87	%	27,309,292		34,917		0.26	%
Non-interest bearing demand deposits	11,698,414						15,132,828
Due on unsettled securities purchases	376,876						449,331
Other liabilities	1,010,011						1,085,302
Total equity	4,893,254						4,938,942
Total liabilities and equity	$	46,950,607					$	48,915,695
Tax-equivalent Net Interest Revenue			$	679,094	2.31	%			$	546,442	2.50	%
Tax-equivalent Net Interest Revenue to Earning Assets					3.22	%					2.60	%
Less tax-equivalent adjustment			4,485						4,013
Net Interest Revenue			674,609						542,429
Provision for credit losses			33,000						—
Other operating revenue			386,914						256,473
Other operating expense			624,485						551,273
Income before taxes			404,038						247,629
Federal and state income taxes			89,906						52,319
Net income			314,132						195,310
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests			456						(24)
Net income attributable to BOK Financial Corp. shareholders			$	313,676					$	195,334
Earnings Per Average Common Share Equivalent:
Net income:
Basic			$	4.70					$	2.87
Diluted			$	4.70					$	2.87

Yield calculations are shown on a tax equivalent at the statutory federal and state rates for the periods presented. The yield calculations exclude security trades that have been recorded on trade date with no corresponding interest income and the unrealized gains and losses. The yield calculation also includes average loan balances for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and are net of unearned income. Yield / rate calculations are generally based on the conventions that determine how interest income and expense is accrued.

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Quarterly Financial Summary – Unaudited

Consolidated Daily Average Balances, Average Yields and Rates

(In thousands, except per share data)	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2023						March 31, 2023
	Average Balance		Revenue/ Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Revenue/ Expense		Yield/ Rate
Assets
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	708,475	$	9,552	5.41	%	$	616,596	$	6,506	4.28	%
Trading securities	4,274,803		47,882		4.50	%	3,031,969		34,073		4.52	%
Investment securities, net of allowance	2,408,122		8,659		1.44	%	2,473,796		9,017		1.46	%
Available for sale securities	12,033,597		94,849		3.00	%	11,738,693		89,112		2.87	%
Fair value option securities	245,469		3,116		5.07	%	300,372		3,893		5.17	%
Restricted equity securities	351,944		6,429		7.31	%	316,724		5,808		7.34	%
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	72,959		1,092		5.85	%	65,769		979		5.79	%
Loans	22,889,054		400,988		7.03	%	22,476,247		369,626		6.67	%
Allowance for loan losses	(252,890)						(238,909)
Loans, net of allowance	22,636,164		400,988		7.10	%	22,237,338		369,626		6.74	%
Total earning assets	42,731,533		572,567		5.29	%	40,781,257		519,014		5.06	%
Receivable on unsettled securities sales	163,903						177,312
Cash and other assets	5,012,671						5,023,899
Total assets	$	47,908,107					$	45,982,468
Liabilities and equity
Interest-bearing deposits:
Transaction	$	18,368,592	$	119,272	2.60	%	$	18,639,900	$	87,936	1.91	%
Savings	926,882		490		0.21	%	958,443		248		0.10	%
Time	2,076,037		16,904		3.27	%	1,477,720		7,090		1.95	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	21,371,511		136,666		2.56	%	21,076,063		95,274		1.83	%
Funds purchased and repurchase agreements	3,670,994		41,905		4.58	%	1,759,237		14,450		3.33	%
Other borrowings	5,275,291		67,316		5.12	%	4,512,280		52,588		4.73	%
Subordinated debentures	131,153		2,219		6.79	%	131,166		2,069		6.40	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	30,448,949		248,106		3.27	%	27,478,746		164,381		2.43	%
Non-interest bearing demand deposits	10,998,201						12,406,408
Due on unsettled securities purchases	436,353						316,738
Other liabilities	1,079,692						939,553
Total equity	4,944,912						4,841,023
Total liabilities and equity	$	47,908,107					$	45,982,468
Tax-equivalent Net Interest Revenue			$	324,461	2.02	%			$	354,633	2.63	%
Tax-equivalent Net Interest Revenue to Earning Assets					3.00	%					3.45	%
Less tax-equivalent adjustment			2,200						2,285
Net Interest Revenue			322,261						352,348
Provision for credit losses			17,000						16,000
Other operating revenue			209,049						177,865
Other operating expense			318,673						305,812
Income before taxes			195,637						208,401
Federal and state income taxes			44,001						45,905
Net income			151,636						162,496
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests			328						128
Net income attributable to BOK Financial Corp. shareholders			$	151,308					$	162,368
Earnings Per Average Common Share Equivalent:
Basic			$	2.27					$	2.43
Diluted			$	2.27					$	2.43

Yield calculations are shown on a tax equivalent at the statutory federal and state rates for the periods presented. The yield calculations exclude security trades that have been recorded on trade date with no corresponding interest income and the unrealized gains and losses. The yield calculation also includes average loan balances for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and are net of unearned income. Yield / rate calculations are generally based on the conventions that determine how interest income and expense is accrued.

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(In thousands, except per share data)	Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2022						September 30, 2022
	Average Balance		Revenue /Expense		Yield / Rate		Average Balance		Revenue / Expense		Yield / Rate
Assets
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	568,307	$	5,822	4.06	%	$	748,263	$	3,520	1.87	%
Trading securities	3,086,985		28,473		3.70	%	3,178,068		22,772		2.72	%
Investment securities, net of allowance	2,535,305		9,223		1.46	%	2,593,989		9,207		1.42	%
Available for sale securities	10,953,851		73,317		2.54	%	10,306,257		59,144		2.21	%
Fair value option securities	92,012		931		4.40	%	36,846		286		2.98	%
Restricted equity securities	216,673		3,088		5.70	%	173,656		2,703		6.23	%
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	98,613		1,390		5.56	%	132,685		1,684		5.05	%
Loans	21,976,004		331,649		5.99	%	21,599,232		265,997		4.89	%
Allowance for loan losses	(242,450)						(241,136)
Loans, net of allowance	21,733,554		331,649		6.06	%	21,358,096		265,997		4.94	%
Total earning assets	39,285,300		453,893		4.53	%	38,527,860		365,313		3.71	%
Receivable on unsettled securities sales	194,996						219,113
Cash and other assets	5,729,322						6,372,229
Total assets	$	45,209,618					$	45,119,202
Liabilities and equity
Interest-bearing deposits:
Transaction	$	18,898,315	$	60,893	1.28	%	$	19,556,806	$	31,266	0.63	%
Savings	969,275		205		0.08	%	978,596		135		0.05	%
Time	1,417,606		4,476		1.25	%	1,409,069		3,314		0.93	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	21,285,196		65,574		1.22	%	21,944,471		34,715		0.63	%
Funds purchased and repurchase agreements	1,046,447		5,407		2.05	%	800,759		1,445		0.72	%
Other borrowings	2,523,195		25,961		4.08	%	1,528,887		8,988		2.33	%
Subordinated debentures	131,180		2,038		6.16	%	131,199		1,677		5.07	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	24,986,018		98,980		1.57	%	24,405,316		46,825		0.76	%
Non-interest bearing demand deposits	14,176,189						15,105,305
Due on unsettled securities purchases	575,957						331,428
Other liabilities	853,134						501,731
Total equity	4,618,320						4,775,422
Total liabilities and equity	$	45,209,618					$	45,119,202
Tax-equivalent Net Interest Revenue			$	354,913	2.96	%			$	318,488	2.95	%
Tax-equivalent Net Interest Revenue to Earning Assets					3.54	%					3.24	%
Less tax-equivalent adjustment			2,287						2,163
Net Interest Revenue			352,626						316,325
Provision for credit losses			15,000						15,000
Other operating revenue			197,086						189,698
Other operating expense			318,456						294,751
Income before taxes			216,256						196,272
Federal and state income taxes			47,864						39,681
Net income			168,392						156,591
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests			(37)						81
Net income attributable to BOK Financial Corp. shareholders			$	168,429					$	156,510
Earnings Per Average Common Share Equivalent:
Basic			$	2.51					$	2.32
Diluted			$	2.51					$	2.32

Yield calculations are shown on a tax equivalent at the statutory federal and state rates for the periods presented. The yield calculations exclude security trades that have been recorded on trade date with no corresponding interest income and the unrealized gains and losses. The yield calculation also includes average loan balances for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and are net of unearned income. Yield / rate calculations are generally based on the conventions that determine how interest income and expense is accrued.

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(In thousands, except per share data)	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2022
	Average Balance		Revenue / Expense		Yield / Rate
Assets
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	843,619	$	1,737	0.83	%
Trading securities	4,166,954		23,009		2.00	%
Investment securities, net of allowance	610,983		3,585		2.35	%
Available for sale securities	12,258,072		58,882		1.84	%
Fair value option securities	54,832		437		2.92	%
Restricted equity securities	167,732		1,384		3.30	%
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	148,183		1,559		4.22	%
Loans	21,057,714		205,694		3.92	%
Allowance for loan losses	(246,064)
Loans, net of allowance	20,811,650		205,694		3.96	%
Total earning assets	39,062,025		296,287		2.96	%
Receivable on unsettled securities sales	457,165
Cash and other assets	7,769,208
Total assets	$	47,288,398
Liabilities and equity
Interest-bearing deposits:
Transaction	$	21,037,294	$	11,454	0.22	%
Savings	981,493		76		0.03	%
Time	1,373,036		2,332		0.68	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	23,391,823		13,862		0.24	%
Funds purchased and repurchase agreements	1,224,134		1,608		0.53	%
Other borrowings	1,301,358		3,286		1.01	%
Subordinated debentures	131,219		1,473		4.50	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	26,048,534		20,229		0.31	%
Non-interest bearing demand deposits	15,202,597
Due on unsettled securities purchases	380,332
Other liabilities	924,605
Total equity	4,732,330
Total liabilities and equity	$	47,288,398
Tax-equivalent Net Interest Revenue			$	276,058	2.65	%
Tax-equivalent Net Interest Revenue to Earning Assets					2.76	%
Less tax-equivalent adjustment			2,040
Net Interest Revenue			274,018
Provision for credit losses			—
Other operating revenue			168,617
Other operating expense			273,655
Income before taxes			168,980
Federal and state income taxes			36,122
Net income			132,858
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests			12
Net income attributable to BOK Financial Corp. shareholders			$	132,846
Earnings Per Average Common Share Equivalent:
Basic			$	1.96
Diluted			$	1.96

Yield calculations are shown on a tax equivalent at the statutory federal and state rates for the periods presented. The yield calculations exclude security trades that have been recorded on trade date with no corresponding interest income and the unrealized gains and losses. The yield calculation also includes average loan balances for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and are net of unearned income. Yield / rate calculations are generally based on the conventions that determine how interest income and expense is accrued.

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Quarterly Earnings Trends – Unaudited

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	Three Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023		Mar. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Sep. 30, 2022		Jun. 30, 2022
Interest revenue	$	570,367	$	516,729	$	451,606	$	363,150	$	294,247
Interest expense	248,106		164,381		98,980		46,825		20,229
Net interest revenue	322,261		352,348		352,626		316,325		274,018
Provision for credit losses	17,000		16,000		15,000		15,000		—
Net interest revenue after provision for credit losses	305,261		336,348		337,626		301,325		274,018
Other operating revenue
Brokerage and trading revenue	65,006		52,396		63,008		61,006		44,043
Transaction card revenue	26,003		25,621		27,136		25,974		26,940
Fiduciary and asset management revenue	52,997		50,657		49,899		50,190		49,838
Deposit service charges and fees	27,100		25,968		26,429		28,703		28,500
Mortgage banking revenue	15,141		14,367		10,065		11,282		11,368
Other revenue	14,250		16,970		17,034		15,479		12,684
Total fees and commissions	200,497		185,979		193,571		192,634		173,373
Other gains (losses), net	12,618		2,251		8,427		979		(7,639)
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net	(8,159)		(1,344)		4,548		(17,009)		(13,569)
Loss on fair value option securities, net	(2,158)		(2,962)		(2,568)		(4,368)		(2,221)
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	9,261		(6,059)		(2,904)		16,570		17,485
Gain (loss) on available for sale securities, net	(3,010)		—		(3,988)		892		1,188
Total other operating revenue	209,049		177,865		197,086		189,698		168,617
Other operating expense
Personnel	190,652		182,145		186,419		170,348		154,923
Business promotion	7,640		8,569		7,470		6,127		6,325
Charitable contributions to BOKF Foundation	1,142		—		2,500		—		—
Professional fees and services	12,777		13,048		18,365		14,089		12,475
Net occupancy and equipment	30,105		28,459		29,227		29,296		27,489
Insurance	6,974		7,315		4,677		4,306		4,728
Data processing and communications	45,307		44,802		43,048		41,743		41,280
Printing, postage and supplies	3,728		3,893		3,890		4,349		3,929
Amortization of intangible assets	3,474		3,391		3,736		3,943		4,049
Mortgage banking costs	8,300		5,782		9,016		9,504		9,437
Other expense	8,574		8,408		10,108		11,046		9,020
Total other operating expense	318,673		305,812		318,456		294,751		273,655
Net income before taxes	195,637		208,401		216,256		196,272		168,980
Federal and state income taxes	44,001		45,905		47,864		39,681		36,122
Net income	151,636		162,496		168,392		156,591		132,858
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	328		128		(37)		81		12
Net income attributable to BOK Financial Corporation shareholders	$	151,308	$	162,368	$	168,429	$	156,510	$	132,846
Earnings per share:
Basic	$2.27		$2.43		$2.51		$2.32		$1.96
Diluted	$2.27		$2.43		$2.51		$2.32		$1.96
Average shares used in computation:
Basic	65,994,132		66,331,775		66,627,955		67,003,199		67,453,748
Diluted	65,994,132		66,331,775		66,627,955		67,004,623		67,455,172

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PART II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See discussion of legal proceedings at Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, except as described below.

Recent events impacting the financial services industry could adversely affect BOK Financial's business.

Recent events affecting the financial services industry have generated significant market volatility among publicly traded bank holding companies with particular focus on regional banks. These events occurred following a period of rapidly rising interest rates, which resulted in unrealized losses in longer duration securities and loans held by banks as well as more competition for bank deposits. These recent events have, and may continue to, adversely impact the market price and volatility of the Company’s stock. Potentially adverse changes to laws or regulations governing banks and bank holding companies may occur, including but not limited to, increased regulatory scrutiny in the course of routine examinations or otherwise and new regulations directed towards banks of similar size, which could increase the costs of doing business. As a result of recent bank failures the FDIC proposed a special assessment to replenish the Deposit Insurance Fund. If finalized, the special assessment will increase FDIC insurance premiums above the recently increased levels which will result in higher costs.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company or any "affiliated purchaser" (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of the Company's common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased2	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs1	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans
April 1 to April 30, 2023	—	$	—	—	4,238,523
May 1 to May 31, 2023	138,000	$	81.66	138,000	4,100,523
June 1 to June 30, 2023	128,000	$	86.69	128,000	3,972,523
Total	266,000			266,000

1On November 1, 2022, the Company's board of directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to five million shares of the Company's common stock. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had repurchased 1,027,477 shares under this plan. Future repurchases of the Company's common stock will vary based on market conditions, regulatory limitations and other factors.

2The Company may repurchase mature shares from employees to cover the exercise price and taxes in connection with employee equity compensation.

Item 5. Other Information

Trading Plans

No Company director or officer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 16a-1(f)) has adopted, modified or terminated any trading arrangements during the second quarter of 2023.

Certain of our officers or directors have made elections to participate in, and are participating in, our dividend reinvestment plan and 401(k) plan, and have made, and may from time to time make, elections to have shares withheld to cover withholding taxes on issuances of shares to such officers or directors, which may be designed to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act or may constitute non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).

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Item 6. Exhibits

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101	Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Earnings, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The XBRL instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Items 3 and 4 are not applicable and have been omitted.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

BOK FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Registrant)

Date:        August 2, 2023                                                                  

/s/ Martin E. Grunst

Martin E. Grunst

Executive Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

/s/ Michael J. Rogers

Michael J. Rogers

Senior Vice President and

Chief Accounting Officer

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