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Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements [Text Block] Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined by applicable accounting guidance as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market for the given asset or liability at the measurement date based on market conditions at that date. An orderly transaction assumes exposure to the market for a customary period for marketing activities prior to the measurement date and not a forced liquidation or distressed sale. Certain assets and liabilities are recorded in the Company’s financial statements at fair value. Some are recorded on a recurring basis and some on a non-recurring basis.

For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might be available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might not be available. A hierarchy for fair value has been established which categorizes into three levels the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels are as follows:

Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1) - Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) - Fair value is based on significant other observable inputs which are generally determined based on a single price for each financial instrument provided to us by an applicable third-party pricing service and is based on one or more of the following:

Quoted prices for similar, but not identical, assets or liabilities in active markets;
Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;
Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, such as interest rate and yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates;
Other inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market inputs.

Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) - Fair value is based upon model-based valuation techniques for which at least one significant assumption is not observable in the market.

Transfers between levels are recognized as of the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers in or out of quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments to significant other observable inputs or significant unobservable inputs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Transfers between significant other observable inputs and significant unobservable inputs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are included in the summary of changes in recurring fair values measured using unobservable inputs.

The underlying methods used by the third-party pricing services are considered in determining the primary inputs used to determine fair values. Management has evaluated the methodologies employed by the third-party pricing services by comparing the price provided by the pricing service with other sources, including brokers' quotes, sales or purchases of similar instruments and discounted cash flows to establish a basis for reliance on the pricing service values. Significant differences between the pricing service provided value and other sources are discussed with the pricing service to understand the basis for their values. Based on all observable inputs, management may adjust prices obtained from third-party pricing services to more appropriately reflect the prices that would be received to sell assets or paid to transfer liabilities in orderly transactions in the current market. No significant adjustments were made to prices provided by third-party pricing services at September 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis was as follows as of September 30, 2020 (in thousands):
 TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:    
Trading securities:
U.S. government agency debentures$5,181 $ $5,181 $ 
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities2,150,759  2,150,759  
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities30,533  30,533  
Other trading securities59,007  59,007  
Total trading securities2,245,480  2,245,480  
Available for sale securities:    
U.S. Treasury509 509   
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities51,601  51,601  
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities9,384,998  9,384,998  
Residential non-agency mortgage-backed securities34,873  34,873  
Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities
3,334,409  3,334,409  
Other debt securities10,879  10,407 472 
Total available for sale securities12,817,269 509 12,816,288 472 
Fair value option securities – Residential agency mortgage-backed securities134,756  134,756  
Residential mortgage loans held for sale295,290  286,785 8,505 
Mortgage servicing rights1
97,644   97,644 
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral2
593,568 11,713 581,855  
Liabilities: 
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral2
446,328  446,328  
1A reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value of mortgage servicing rights and disclosures of significant assumptions used to determine fair value are presented in Note 5, Mortgage Banking Activities.
2See Note 3 for detail of fair value of derivative contracts by contract type. Derivative contracts in asset positions that were valued based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1) are primarily exchange-traded interest rate derivative contracts. Derivative contracts in liability positions that were valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments are exchange-traded interest rate, energy and agricultural derivative contracts, fully offset by cash margin.
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis was as follows as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
 TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:    
Trading securities:
U.S. government agency debentures$44,264 $— $44,264 $— 
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities1,504,651 — 1,504,651 — 
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities26,196 — 26,196 — 
Asset-backed securities14,084 — 14,084 — 
Other trading securities34,726 — 34,726 — 
Total trading securities1,623,921 — 1,623,921 — 
Available for sale securities:    
U.S. Treasury1,600 1,600 — — 
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities1,861 — 1,861 — 
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities8,046,096 — 8,046,096 — 
Residential non-agency mortgage-backed securities41,609 — 41,609 — 
Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities
3,178,005 — 3,178,005 — 
Other debt securities472 — — 472 
Total available for sale securities11,269,643 1,600 11,267,571 472 
Fair value option securities:
U.S. Treasury9,917 9,917 — — 
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities1,088,660 — 1,088,660 — 
Total fair value option securities1,098,577 9,917 1,088,660 — 
Residential mortgage loans held for sale182,271 — 173,958 8,313 
Mortgage servicing rights1
201,886 — — 201,886 
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral2
323,375 8,944 314,431 — 
Liabilities:
Derivative contracts, net of cash collateral2
251,128 — 251,128 — 
1A reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value of mortgage servicing rights and disclosures of significant assumptions used to determine fair value are presented in Note 5, Mortgage Banking Activities.
2See Note 3 for detail of fair value of derivative contracts by contract type. Derivative contracts based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1) are exchange-traded interest rate and energy derivative contracts, net of cash margin. Derivative contracts in liability positions that were valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (Level 1) are exchange-traded interest rate and agricultural contracts, fully offset by cash margin.
Following is a description of the Company's valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:
Securities
The fair values of trading, available for sale and fair value option securities are based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, when available. If quoted prices for identical instruments are not available, fair values are based on significant other observable inputs such as quoted prices of comparable instruments or interest rates and credit spreads, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds and loss severities. The Company has elected to carry all residential mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies held as economic hedges against changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized in earnings.

The fair value of certain available for sale municipal and other debt securities may be based on significant unobservable inputs. These significant unobservable inputs include limited observed trades, projected cash flows, current credit rating of the issuers and, when applicable, the insurers of the debt and observed trades of similar debt. Discount rates are primarily based on references to interest rate spreads on comparable securities of similar duration and credit rating as determined by the nationally-recognized rating agencies adjusted for a lack of trading volume. Significant unobservable inputs are developed by investment securities professionals involved in the active trading of similar securities. A summary of significant inputs used to value these securities follows. A management committee composed of senior members from the Company's Capital Markets, Risk Management and Finance departments assesses the appropriateness of these inputs quarterly.

Derivatives

All derivative instruments are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. Fair values for exchange-traded contracts are based on quoted prices. Fair values for over-the-counter interest rate, commodity and foreign exchange contracts are based on valuations provided either by third-party dealers in the contracts, quotes provided by independent pricing services, or a third-party provided pricing model that uses significant other observable market inputs.

Credit risk is considered in determining the fair value of derivative instruments. Management determines fair value adjustments based on various risk factors including but not limited to current fair value, probability of default and loss given default.

We also consider our own credit risk in determining the fair value of derivative contracts. Changes in our credit rating would affect the fair value of our derivative liabilities. In the event of a credit downgrade, the fair value of our derivative liabilities would increase.

Residential Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Residential mortgage loans held for sale are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. The Company has elected to carry all residential mortgage loans originated for sale at fair value. Changes in the fair value of these financial instruments are recognized in earnings. The fair values of residential mortgage loans held for sale are based upon quoted market prices of such loans sold in securitization transactions, including related unfunded loan commitments and forward sales contracts. The fair value of mortgage loans that were unable to be sold to U.S. government agencies were determined using quoted prices of loans that are sold in securitization transactions with a liquidity discount applied.
The following represents the changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 related to assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):
 Available for sale - Other debt securitiesResidential mortgage loans held for sale
Balance, June 30, 2020$472 $9,685 
Transfer to Level 3 from Level 21
 304 
Purchases  
Proceeds from sales (1,612)
Redemptions and distributions  
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings:
Mortgage banking revenue 128 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)  
Balance, September 30, 2020$472 $8,505 
1     Recurring transfers to Level 3 from Level 2 consist of residential mortgage loans intended for sale to U.S. government agencies that fail to meet conforming standards.
 Available for sale - Other debt securitiesResidential mortgage loans held for sale
Balance, December 31, 2019$472 $8,313 
Transfer to Level 3 from Level 21
 3,896 
Purchases  
Proceeds from sales (3,200)
Redemptions and distributions  
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings:
Mortgage banking revenue (504)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)  
Balance, September 30, 2020$472 $8,505 
1     Recurring transfers to Level 3 from Level 2 consist of residential mortgage loans intended for sale to U.S. government agencies that fail to meet conforming standards.

The following represents the changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):
 Available for sale - Other debt securitiesResidential mortgage loans held for sale
Balance, June 30, 2019$472 $16,073 
Transfer to Level 3 from Level 21
— 261 
Purchases— — 
Proceeds from sales— (3,152)
Redemptions and distributions— — 
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings:
Mortgage banking revenue— 386 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)— — 
Balance, September 30, 2019$472 $13,568 
1     Recurring transfers to Level 3 from Level 2 consist of residential mortgage loans intended for sale to U.S. government agencies that fail to meet conforming standards.
 Available for sale - Other debt securitiesResidential mortgage loans held for sale
Balance, Dec. 31, 2018$472 $15,207 
Transfer to Level 3 from Level 21
— 2,150 
Purchases— — 
Proceeds from sales— (4,531)
Redemptions and distributions— — 
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings
Mortgage banking revenue— 742 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)— — 
Balance, September 30, 2019$472 $13,568 
1     Recurring transfers to Level 3 from Level 2 consist of residential mortgage loans intended for sale to U.S. government agencies that fail to meet conforming standards.


A summary of quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of September 30, 2020 follows (in thousands):
Fair
Value
Valuation Technique(s)Unobservable InputRange
(Weighted Average)
Available for sale securities – Other debt securities
$472 Discounted cash flows
1
Interest rate spread
5.61%-5.61% (5.61%)
3
94.32%-94.32% (94.32%)
2
Residential mortgage loans held for sale
8,505 Quoted prices of loans sold in securitization transactions, with a liquidity discount appliedLiquidity discount applied to the market value of mortgage loans qualifying for sale to U.S. government agencies.90.24%
1Discounted cash flows developed using discount rates primarily based on reference to interest rate spreads for comparable securities of similar duration and credit rating as determined by the nationally-recognized rating agencies, adjusted for lack of trading volume.
2Represents fair value as a percentage of par value.
3Interest rate yields used to value investment grade taxable securities based on comparable short-term taxable securities which are generally yielding less than 2 percent.

A summary of quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of December 31, 2019 follows (in thousands):
Fair
Value
Valuation Technique(s)Unobservable InputRange
(Weighted Average)
Available for sale securities – Other debt securities
$472 Discounted cash flows
1
Interest rate spread
7.08%-7.08% (7.08%)
3
94.40%-94.40% (94.40%)
2
Residential mortgage loans held for sale
8,313 Quoted prices of loans sold in securitization transactions, with a liquidity discount appliedLiquidity discount applied to the market value of mortgage loans qualifying for sale to U.S. government agencies.95.23%
1Discounted cash flows developed using discount rates primarily based on reference to interest rate spreads for comparable securities of similar duration and credit rating as determined by the nationally-recognized rating agencies, adjusted for lack of trading volume
2Represents fair value as a percentage of par value.
3Interest rate yields used to value investment grade taxable securities based on comparable short-term taxable securities which are generally yielding less than 3 percent.
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include collateral for certain nonaccruing loans and real property and other assets acquired to satisfy loans, which are based primarily on comparisons to completed sales of similar assets.

The following represents the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (and related losses) during the period. The carrying value represents only those assets with a balance at September 30, 2020 for which the fair value was adjusted during the nine months ended September 30, 2020:
Fair Value Adjustments for the
 Carrying Value at September 30, 2020Three Months Ended
Sept. 30, 2020 Recognized in:
Nine Months Ended
Sept. 30, 2020 Recognized in:
 Quoted Prices
in Active Markets for Identical Instruments
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Gross charge-offs against allowance for loan lossesNet losses (gains) and operating expenses of repossessed assetsGross charge-offs against allowance for loan lossesNet losses (gains) and operating expenses of repossessed assets
Nonaccruing loans$ $396 $13,001 $6,371 $ $28,624 $ 
Real estate and other repossessed assets
 16,828 2,993  (4,370) (4,452)
 
The following represents the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (and related losses) during the period. The carrying value represents only those assets with a balance at September 30, 2019 for which the fair value was adjusted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019:
Fair Value Adjustments for the
 Carrying Value at September 30, 2019Three Months Ended
Sept. 30, 2019 Recognized in:
Nine Months Ended
Sept. 30, 2019 Recognized in:
 Quoted Prices
in Active Markets for Identical Instruments
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Gross charge-offs against allowance for loan lossesNet losses (gains) and operating expenses of repossessed assetsGross charge-offs against allowance for loan lossesNet losses (gains) and operating expenses of repossessed assets
Nonaccruing loans$— $79 $9,810 $2,644 $— $13,868 $— 
Real estate and other repossessed assets
— 5,044 936 — (979)— (532)

The fair value of collateral-dependent nonaccruing loans secured by real estate and real estate and other repossessed assets and the related fair value adjustments are generally based on unadjusted third-party appraisals. Our appraisal review policies require appraised values to be supported by observed inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Appraisals that are not based on observable inputs or that require significant adjustments or fair value measurements that are not based on third-party appraisals are considered to be based on significant unobservable inputs. Non-recurring fair value measurements of collateral-dependent nonaccruing loans and real estate and other repossessed assets based on significant unobservable inputs are generally due to estimates of current fair values between appraisal dates. Significant unobservable inputs include listing prices for the same or comparable assets, uncorroborated expert opinions or management's knowledge of the collateral or industry. Non-recurring fair value measurements of collateral dependent loans secured by mineral rights are generally determined by our internal staff of engineers on projected cash flows under current market conditions and are based on significant unobservable inputs. Projected cash flows are discounted according to risk characteristics of the underlying oil and gas properties. Assets are evaluated to demonstrate with reasonable certainty that crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids can be recovered from known oil and gas reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions at current prices with existing conventional equipment, operating methods and costs. Significant unobservable inputs are developed by asset management and workout professionals and approved by senior Credit Administration executives.
A summary of quantitative information about Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements based on Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of September 30, 2020 follows (in thousands):

Fair ValueValuation Technique(s)Unobservable InputRange
(Weighted Average)
Nonaccruing loans$13,001 Discounted cash flowsManagement knowledge of industry and non-real estate collateral including but not limited to recoverable oil and gas reserves, forward-looking commodity prices, estimated operating costs
0% - 73% (18%)1
Real estate and other repossessed assets2,993 Discounted cash flowsManagement knowledge of industry and non-real estate collateral including but not limited to recoverable oil and gas reserves, forward-looking commodity prices, estimated operating costsN/A
1 Represents fair value as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance.

A summary of quantitative information about Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements based on Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) as of September 30, 2019 follows (in thousands):

Fair ValueValuation Technique(s)Unobservable InputRange
(Weighted Average)
Nonaccruing loans$9,810 Discounted cash flowsManagement knowledge of industry and non-real estate collateral including but not limited to recoverable oil and gas reserves, forward-looking commodity prices, estimated operating costs
8% - 76% (28%)1
Real estate and other repossessed assets936 Appraised value, as adjusted
Marketability adjustments off appraised value2
75% - 89% (85%)
1 Represents fair value as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance.
2    Marketability adjustments include consideration of estimated costs to sell which is approximately 10% of the fair value.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of all financial instruments, including those financial assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair
Value
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Cash and due from banks$658,612 $658,612 $658,612 $ $ 
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents347,759 347,759 347,759   
Trading securities:
U.S. government agency debentures5,181 5,181  5,181  
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities2,150,759 2,150,759  2,150,759  
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities30,533 30,533  30,533  
Other trading securities59,007 59,007  59,007  
Total trading securities2,245,480 2,245,480  2,245,480  
Investment securities:  
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities76,109 80,368  80,368  
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities9,317 10,219  10,219  
Other debt securities171,314 194,342  7,376 186,966 
Total investment securities256,740 284,929  97,963 186,966 
Allowance for credit losses(739)    
Investment securities, net of allowance256,001 284,929  97,963 186,966 
Available for sale securities:  
U.S. Treasury509 509 509   
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities51,601 51,601  51,601  
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities9,384,998 9,384,998  9,384,998  
Residential non-agency mortgage-backed securities34,873 34,873  34,873  
Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities
3,334,409 3,334,409  3,334,409  
Other debt securities10,879 10,879  10,407 472 
Total available for sale securities12,817,269 12,817,269 509 12,816,288 472 
Fair value option securities – Residential agency mortgage-backed securities134,756 134,756  134,756  
Residential mortgage loans held for sale295,290 295,290  286,785 8,505 
Loans:  
Commercial13,565,706 13,500,846   13,500,846 
Commercial real estate4,693,700 4,673,857   4,673,857 
Paycheck protection program2,097,325 2,070,466   2,070,466 
Loans to individuals3,446,569 3,452,042   3,452,042 
Total loans23,803,300 23,697,211   23,697,211 
Allowance for loan losses(419,777)    
Loans, net of allowance23,383,523 23,697,211   23,697,211 
Mortgage servicing rights97,644 97,644   97,644 
Derivative instruments with positive fair value, net of cash collateral
593,568 593,568 11,713 581,855  
Deposits with no stated maturity32,965,027 32,965,027   32,965,027 
Time deposits2,007,973 2,019,474   2,019,474 
Other borrowed funds3,745,081 3,741,686   3,741,686 
Subordinated debentures275,986 269,083  269,083  
Derivative instruments with negative fair value, net of cash collateral
446,328 446,328  446,328  
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of all financial instruments, including those financial assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair
Value
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Cash and due from banks$735,836 $735,836 $735,836 $— $— 
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents522,985 522,985 522,985 — — 
Trading securities:
U.S. government agency debentures44,264 44,264 — 44,264 — 
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities1,504,651 1,504,651 — 1,504,651 — 
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities26,196 26,196 — 26,196 — 
Asset-backed securities14,084 14,084 — 14,084 — 
Other trading securities34,726 34,726 — 34,726 — 
Total trading securities1,623,921 1,623,921 — 1,623,921 — 
Investment securities:  
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities93,653 96,897 — 96,897 — 
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities10,676 11,164 — 11,164 — 
Other debt securities189,089 206,341 — 8,206 198,135 
Total investment securities293,418 314,402 — 116,267 198,135 
Available for sale securities:  
U.S. Treasury1,600 1,600 1,600 — — 
Municipal and other tax-exempt securities1,861 1,861 — 1,861 — 
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities8,046,096 8,046,096 — 8,046,096 — 
Residential non-agency mortgage-backed securities41,609 41,609 — 41,609 — 
Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities
3,178,005 3,178,005 — 3,178,005 — 
Other debt securities472 472 — — 472 
Total available for sale securities11,269,643 11,269,643 1,600 11,267,571 472 
Fair value option securities:
U.S. Treasury9,917 9,917 9,917 — — 
Residential agency mortgage-backed securities1,088,660 1,088,660 — 1,088,660 — 
Total fair value option securities1,098,577 1,098,577 9,917 1,088,660 — 
Residential mortgage loans held for sale182,271 182,271 — 173,958 8,313 
Loans:  
Commercial14,031,650 13,966,221 — — 13,966,221 
Commercial real estate4,433,783 4,422,717 — — 4,422,717 
Residential mortgage2,084,172 2,098,093 — — 2,098,093 
Personal1,201,382 1,202,298 — — 1,202,298 
Total loans21,750,987 21,689,329 — — 21,689,329 
Allowance for loan losses(210,759)— — — — 
Loans, net of allowance21,540,228 21,689,329 — — 21,689,329 
Mortgage servicing rights201,886 201,886 — — 201,886 
Derivative instruments with positive fair value, net of cash collateral
323,375 323,375 8,944 314,431 — 
Deposits with no stated maturity25,403,319 25,403,319 — — 25,403,319 
Time deposits2,217,849 2,212,467 — — 2,212,467 
Other borrowed funds8,345,405 8,315,860 — — 8,315,860 
Subordinated debentures275,923 284,627 — 284,627 — 
Derivative instruments with negative fair value, net of cash collateral
251,128 251,128 — 251,128 — 

Because no market exists for certain of these financial instruments and management does not intend to sell these financial instruments, the fair values shown in the tables above may not represent values at which the respective financial instruments could be sold individually or in the aggregate at the given reporting date.