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Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Loans [Abstract] 
Loans
(4) Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses

Loans are either secured or unsecured based on the type of loan and the financial condition of the borrower. Repayment is generally expected from cash flow or proceeds from the sale of selected assets of the borrower.  BOK Financial is exposed to risk of loss on loans due to the borrower�s difficulties, which may arise from any number of factors, including problems within the respective industry or local economic conditions. Access to collateral, in the event of borrower default, is reasonably assured through adherence to applicable lending laws and through sound lending standards and credit review procedures.

Performing loans may be renewed under the current collateral value, debt service ratio and other underwriting standards.   Nonperforming loans may be renewed and will remain on nonaccrual status.  Nonperforming loans renewed will be evaluated and may be charged off if the loan balance is no longer covered by the paying capacity of the borrower based on an evaluation of available cash resources and collateral value.

Interest is accrued at the applicable interest rate on the principal amount outstanding. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal or interest is uncertain. Interest previously accrued but not collected is charged against interest income when the loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Payments on nonaccrual loans are applied to principal or reported as interest income, according to management�s judgment as to the collectability of principal.  Loans may be returned to accruing status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal and interest, including principal previously charged off, is probable based on improvements in the borrower�s financial condition or a sustained period of performance.

Loan origination and commitment fees and direct loan acquisition and origination costs are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to yield over the life of the loan or over the commitment period, as applicable.

Certain residential mortgage loans originated by the Company are held for sale.  All residential mortgage loans originated for sale are carried at fair value based on sales commitments or market quotes. Changes in fair value are recorded in other operating revenue � mortgage banking revenue.

Loans are disaggregated into portfolio segments and further disaggregated into classes.  The portfolio segment is the level at which the Company develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses.  Classes are a further disaggregation of portfolio segments based on the risk characteristics of the loans and the Company�s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk.  Portfolio segments of the loan portfolio are as follows (in thousands):

   
September 30, 2011
  
December 31, 2010
 
   
Fixed
  
Variable
        
Fixed
  
Variable
       
   
Rate
  
Rate
  
Nonaccrual
  
Total
  
Rate
  
Rate
  
Nonaccrual
  
Total
 
                          
Commercial
 $3,054,787  $3,337,166  $83,736  $6,475,689  $2,883,905  $3,011,636  $38,455  $5,933,996 
Commercial real estate
  864,053   1,285,801   110,048   2,259,902   829,836   1,297,148   150,366   2,277,350 
Residential mortgage
  954,960   925,205   31,731   1,911,896   851,048   939,774   37,426   1,828,248 
Consumer
  265,307   207,815   3,960   477,082   369,364   229,511   4,567   603,442 
Total
 $5,139,107  $5,755,987  $229,475  $11,124,569  $4,934,153  $5,478,069  $230,814  $10,643,036 
Accruing loans past due (90 days)1
             $1,401              $7,966 
1  
Excludes residential mortgage loans guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government

At September 30, 2011, approximately $5.0 billion or 45% of the total loan portfolio is to businesses and individuals in Oklahoma and $3.2 billion or 29% of our total loan portfolio is to businesses and individuals in Texas.  This geographic concentration subjects the loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within this area.

Commercial

Commercial loans represent loans for working capital, facilities acquisition or expansion, purchases of equipment and other needs of commercial customers primarily located within our geographical footprint.  Commercial loans are underwritten individually and represent on-going relationships based on a thorough knowledge of the customer, the customer�s industry and market.  While commercial loans are generally secured by the customer�s assets including real property, inventory, accounts receivable, operating equipment, interest in mineral rights and other property and may also include personal guarantees of the owners and related parties, the primary source of repayment of the loans

 
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is the on-going cash flow from operations of the customer�s business.  Inherent lending risk is centrally monitored on a continuous basis from underwriting throughout the life of the loan for compliance with commercial lending policies.

Approximately $1.0 billion of loans in the services category consists of loans with individual balances of less than $10 million.  Approximately $2.8 billion or 43% of the commercial portfolio are to businesses in Oklahoma and $2.1 billion or 32% of our commercial loan portfolio are to businesses in Texas. 

Commercial Real Estate

Commercial real estate loans are for the construction of buildings or other improvements to real estate and property held by borrowers for investment purposes primarily within our geographical footprint.  We require collateral values in excess of the loan amounts, demonstrated cash flows in excess of expected debt service requirements, equity investment in the project and a portion of the project already sold, leased or permanent financing already secured.  The expected cash flows from all significant new or renewed income producing property commitments are stress tested to reflect the risks in varying interest rates, vacancy rates and rental rates.  As with commercial loans, inherent lending risks are centrally monitored on a continuous basis from underwriting throughout the life of the loan for compliance with applicable lending policies.  Approximately 33% of commercial real estate loans are secured by properties primarily located in the Dallas and Houston areas of Texas.  An additional 28% of commercial real estate loans are secured by properties located primarily in the Tulsa and Oklahoma City metropolitan areas of Oklahoma. 

Residential Mortgage and Consumer

Residential mortgage loans provide funds for our customers to purchase or refinance their primary residence or to borrow against the equity in their home. Residential mortgage loans are secured by a first or second-mortgage on the customer�s primary residence.  Consumer loans include direct loans secured by and for the purchase of automobiles, recreational and marine equipment as well as other unsecured loans.  Consumer loans also include indirect automobile loans made through primary dealers.  Residential mortgage and consumer loans are made in accordance with underwriting policies we believe to be conservative and are fully documented.  Credit scoring is assessed based on significant credit characteristics including credit history, residential and employment stability.  Residential mortgage loans retained in the Company�s portfolio are primarily composed of various mortgage programs to support customer relationships including jumbo mortgage loans, non-builder construction loans and special loan programs for high net worth individuals and certain professionals.  Jumbo loans may be fixed or variable rate and are fully amortizing.  Jumbo loans generally conform to government sponsored entity standards, with exception that the loan size exceeds maximums required under these standards.  These loans generally require a minimum FICO score of 720 and a maximum debt-to-income ratio (�DTI�) of 38%.  Loan-to-value (�LTV�) ratios are tiered from 60% to 100%, depending on the market.  Special mortgage programs include fixed and variable fully amortizing loans tailored to the needs of certain healthcare professionals.  Variable rate loans are fully indexed at origination and may have fixed rates for three to ten years, then adjust annually thereafter. 

At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, residential mortgage loans included $169 million and $48 million, respectively, of loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies previously sold into GNMA mortgage pools.  The Company may repurchase these loans when certain defined delinquency criteria are met.  Because of this repurchase right, the Company is deemed to have regained effective control over these loans and must include them on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.  

Home equity loans are generally first or second lien loans with a maximum LTV of 100%, including consideration of any superior liens.  The loans require a minimum FICO score of 700 and a maximum DTI of 40%.  The maximum loan amount available for our home equity loan products is generally $400 thousand.

Credit Commitments
 
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of conditions established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. At September 30, 2011, outstanding commitments totaled $5.7 billion. Because some commitments are expected to expire before being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does loans.


 
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The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based upon management�s credit evaluation of the borrower.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Because the credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments, BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in evaluating the creditworthiness of the customer. Additionally, BOK Financial uses the same evaluation process in obtaining collateral on standby letters of credit as it does for loan commitments. The term of these standby letters of credit is defined in each commitment and typically corresponds with the underlying loan commitment. At September 30, 2011, outstanding standby letters of credit totaled $509 million.  Commercial letters of credit are used to facilitate customer trade transactions with the drafts being drawn when the underlying transaction is consummated. At September 30, 2011, outstanding commercial letters of credit totaled $7 million.

Allowances for Credit Losses

BOK Financial maintains separate allowances for loan losses and for off-balance sheet credit risk related to commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit.  As discussed in greater detail in Note 5, the Company also has separate allowances related to off-balance sheet credit risk related to residential mortgage loans sold with full or partial recourse and for residential mortgage loans sold to government sponsored agencies under standard representations and warranties.

The allowance for loan losses is assessed by management on a quarterly basis and consists of specific amounts attributed to certain impaired loans, general allowances for unimpaired loans and non-specific allowances based on general economic conditions, risk concentration and related factors.  Impairment is individually measured for certain impaired loans and collectively measured for all other loans.  There have been no material changes in the approach or techniques utilized in developing the allowances for loan losses and off-balance sheet credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

Internally risk graded loans are evaluated individually for impairment.  Non-risk graded loans are collectively evaluated for impairment through past-due status and other relevant factors.  Substantially all commercial and commercial real estate loans are risk graded.  Certain residential mortgage and consumer loans are also risk graded.  Certain commercial loans and most residential mortgage and consumer loans are small balance, homogeneous pools of loans that are not risk graded.

Borrowers are considered to be experiencing financial difficulty when it becomes probable that BOK Financial will be unable to collect the full contractual principal and interest due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements.  This is substantially the same criteria used to determine when a loan should be placed on nonaccrual status.  Accordingly, all internally risk graded loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty are considered to be impaired, placed on nonaccrual status and evaluated for specific allowance.  Specific allowances for impaired loans are measured by an evaluation of estimated future cash flows discounted at the loans� initial effective interest rate or the fair value of collateral for certain collateral dependent loans.  Historical statistics may be used in limited situations to assist in estimating future cash flows or collateral values, such as when an impaired collateral dependent loan is identified at the end of a reporting period.  Historical statistics are a practical way to estimate impairment until an updated appraisal of collateral value is received or a full assessment of future cash flows is completed.  Estimates of future cash flows and collateral values require significant judgments and are subject to volatility.

General allowances for unimpaired loans are based on migration models.  Separate migration models are used to determine general allowances for commercial and commercial real estate loans, residential mortgage loans and consumer loans.  Substantially all commercial and commercial real estate loans are risk-graded based on an evaluation of the borrowers� ability to pay.  Risk grades are updated quarterly.  Migration factors are determined for each risk grade to determine the inherent loss based on historical trends using an eight-quarter aggregate accumulation of net losses.  Losses incurred in more recent periods were more heavily weighted by a sum-of-periods-digits formula.  The greater of the loss factors based on migration trends or a minimum migration factor based on long-term history is assigned to each risk grade.  The resulting general allowances may be adjusted upward or downward by management to account for the limitations in migration models which are based entirely on historical data, such as their limited accuracy at the beginning and ending of credit cycles.  The general allowance for residential mortgage loans is based on an eight-quarter average percent of loss.  The general allowance for consumer loans is based on an eight-quarter average percent loss with separate migration factors determined by major product line, such as indirect automobile loans and direct consumer loans.

 
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Nonspecific allowances are maintained for risks beyond factors specific to a particular loan or identified by the migration models.  These factors include trends in the economy in our primary lending areas, conditions in certain industries where we have a concentration and overall growth in the loan portfolio.  Evaluation of nonspecific factors considers the effect of the duration of the business cycle on migration factors and also considers current economic conditions and other factors.

A provision for credit losses is charged against earnings in amounts necessary to maintain appropriate allowances for loan and off-balance sheet credit losses. Loans are charged off when the loan balance or a portion of the loan balance is no longer covered by the paying capacity of the borrower based on an evaluation of available cash resources and collateral value. Loans are evaluated quarterly and charge-offs are taken in the quarter in which the loss is identified. Additionally, all unsecured or under-secured residential mortgage and consumer loans that are past due 180 days are charged off. Recoveries of loans previously charged off are added to the allowance.

Collateral value of real property is generally based on third party appraisals that conform to Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, less estimated selling costs.  Appraised values are on an �as-is� basis and generally are not adjusted by the Company.  Collateral value of mineral rights is generally determined by our internal staff of engineers based on projected cash flows from proven oil and gas reserves under existing economic and operating conditions.  The value of other collateral is generally determined by our special assets staff based on projected liquidation cash flows under current market conditions.  Collateral values and available cash resources that support impaired loans are evaluated quarterly.  Updated appraisals are obtained at least annually or more frequently if market conditions indicate collateral values have declined.

The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each impairment measurement method at September 30, 2011 is as follows (in thousands):

   
Collectively Measured
for Impairment
  
Individually Measured
for Impairment
  
Total
 
   
Recorded Investment
  
Related Allowance
  
Recorded Investment
  
Related Allowance
  
Recorded Investment
  
Related
Allowance
 
                    
Commercial
 $6,392,150  $107,745  $83,539  $1,799  $6,475,689  $109,544 
Commercial real estate
  2,149,854   87,513   110,048   4,199   2,259,902   91,712 
Residential mortgage
  1,902,993   39,653   8,903   635   1,911,896   40,288 
Consumer
  475,693   8,228   1,389   67   477,082   8,295 
Total
  10,920,690   243,139   203,879   6,700   11,124,569   249,839 
                          
Nonspecific allowance
                 21,617 
                          
Total
 $10,920,690  $243,139  $203,879  $6,700  $11,124,569  $271,456 

The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each impairment measurement method at December 31, 2010 is as follows (in thousands):

   
Collectively Measured
for Impairment
  
Individually Measured
for Impairment
  
Total
 
   
Recorded Investment
  
Related Allowance
  
Recorded Investment
  
Related Allowance
  
Recorded Investment
  
Related
Allowance
 
                    
Commercial
 $5,895,674  $102,565  $38,322  $2,066  $5,933,996  $104,631 
Commercial real estate
  2,126,984   94,502   150,366   4,207   2,277,350   98,709 
Residential mortgage
  1,816,184   49,500   12,064   781   1,828,248   50,281 
Consumer
  601,691   12,536   1,751   78   603,442   12,614 
Total
  10,440,533   259,103   202,503   7,132   10,643,036   266,235 
                          
Nonspecific allowance
                 26,736 
                          
Total
 $10,440,533  $259,103  $202,503  $7,132  $10,643,036  $292,971 


 
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The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit for the three months ended September 30, 2011 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

   
Commercial
  
Commercial Real Estate
  
Residential Mortgage
  
Consumer
  
Nonspecific allowance
  
Total
 
                    
Allowance for loans losses:
                  
Beginning balance
 $113,571  $91,750  $45,243  $8,922  $27,125  $286,611 
Provision for loan losses
  (348)  1,386   (1,835)  1,304   (5,508)  (5,001)
Loans charged off
  (5,083)  (2,335)  (3,403)  (3,202)     (14,023)
Recoveries
  1,404   911   283   1,271      3,869 
Ending balance
 $109,544  $91,712  $40,288  $8,295  $21,617  $271,456 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses:
                        
Beginning balance
 $9,236  $1,020  $180  $309  $  $10,745 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit losses
  4,882   134   (30)  15      5,001 
Ending balance
 $14,118  $1,154  $150  $324  $  $15,746 
                          
Total provision for credit losses
 $4,534  $1,520  $(1,865) $1,319  $(5,508) $ 

The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

   
Commercial
  
Commercial Real Estate
  
Residential Mortgage
  
Consumer
  
Nonspecific allowance
  
Total
 
                    
Allowance for loans losses:
                  
Beginning balance
 $104,631  $98,709  $50,281  $12,614  $26,736  $292,971 
Provision for loan losses
  10,488   4,051   (1,880)  (65)  (5,119)  7,475 
Loans charged off
  (10,737)  (12,608)  (9,732)  (8,952)     (42,029)
Recoveries
  5,162   1,560   1,619   4,698      13,039 
Ending balance
 $109,544  $91,712  $40,288  $8,295  $21,617  $271,456 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses:
                        
Beginning balance
 $13,456  $443  $131  $241  $  $14,271 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit losses
  662   711   19   83      1,475 
Ending balance
 $14,118  $1,154  $150  $324  $  $15,746 
                          
Total provision for credit losses
 $11,150  $4,762  $(1,861) $18  $(5,119) $8,950 


 
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Credit Quality Indicators

The Company utilizes risk grading as a primary credit quality indicator.  Substantially all commercial and commercial real estate loans and certain residential mortgage and consumer loans are risk graded based on a quarterly evaluation of the borrowers� ability to repay the loans.  Certain commercial loans and most residential mortgage and consumer loans are small, homogeneous pools that are not risk graded.  These loans are collectively evaluated for impairment primarily through past due status.

The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for risk graded and non-risk graded loans at September 30, 2011 is as follows (in thousands):

   
Internally Risk Graded
  
Non-Graded
  
Total
 
   
Recorded Investment
  
Related Allowance
  
Recorded Investment
  
Related Allowance
  
Recorded Investment
  
Related
Allowance
 
                    
Commercial
 $6,456,621  $105,695  $19,068  $3,849  $6,475,689  $109,544 
Commercial real estate
  2,259,902   91,712         2,259,902   91,712 
Residential mortgage
  339,324   7,356   1,572,572   32,932   1,911,896   40,288 
Consumer
  217,199   1,851   259,883   6,444   477,082   8,295 
Total
  9,273,046   206,614   1,851,523   43,225   11,124,569   249,839 
                          
Nonspecific allowance
                 21,617 
                          
Total
 $9,273,046  $206,614  $1,851,523  $43,225  $11,124,569  $271,456 
 
The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for risk graded and non-risk graded loans at December 31, 2010 is as follows (in thousands):

   
Internally Risk Graded
  
Non-Graded
  
Total
 
   
Recorded Investment
  
Related Allowance
  
Recorded Investment
  
Related Allowance
  
Recorded Investment
  
Related
Allowance
 
                    
Commercial
 $5,914,178  $102,259  $19,818  $2,372  $5,933,996  $104,631 
Commercial real estate
  2,277,350   98,709         2,277,350   98,709 
Residential mortgage
  451,874   8,356   1,376,374   41,925   1,828,248   50,281 
Consumer
  246,350   1,881   357,092   10,733   603,442   12,614 
Total
  8,889,752   211,205   1,753,284   55,030   10,643,036   266,235 
                          
Nonspecific allowance
                 26,736 
                          
Total
 $8,889,752  $211,205  $1,753,284  $55,030  $10,643,036  $292,971 

Loans are considered to be performing if they are in compliance with the original terms of the agreement which is consistent with the regulatory guideline of �pass.�  Performing also includes loans considered to be �other loans especially mentioned� by regulatory guideline.  Other loans especially mentioned are in compliance with the original terms of the agreement but may have a weakness that deserves management�s close attention.  Performing loans also include past due residential mortgages that are guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government.

The risk grading process identified certain criticized loans as potential problem loans.  These loans have a well-defined weakness (e.g. inadequate debt service coverage or liquidity or marginal capitalization; repayment may depend on collateral or other risk mitigation) that may jeopardize liquidation of the debt and represent a greater risk due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower.  This is consistent with the regulatory guideline for �substandard.�  Because the borrowers are still performing in accordance with the original terms of the loan agreements, these loans were not placed in nonaccrual status.  Known information does, however, cause concern as to the borrowers� continued compliance with current repayment terms.  Nonaccrual loans represent loans for which full collection of principal and interest is uncertain.  This is substantially the same criteria used to determine whether a loan is impaired and includes certain loans considered �substandard� and all loans considered �doubtful� by regulatory guidelines.

 
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The following table summarizes the Company�s loan portfolio at September 30, 2011 by the risk grade categories (in thousands):
 
   
Internally Risk Graded
  
Non-Graded
    
   
Performing
  
Potential Problem
  
Nonaccrual
  
Performing
  
Nonaccrual
  
Total
 
                    
Commercial:
                  
Energy
 $1,792,720  $989  $3,900  $  $  $1,797,609 
Services
  1,805,100   34,197   18,181         1,857,478 
Wholesale/retail
  961,860   37,281   27,088         1,026,229 
Manufacturing
  340,533   2,505   27,691         370,729 
Healthcare
  897,930   3,502   5,715         907,147 
Integrated food services
  198,610   1,242            199,852 
Other commercial and industrial
  296,600   13   964   18,871   197   316,645 
Total commercial
  6,293,353   79,729   83,539   18,871   197   6,475,689 
                          
Commercial real estate:
                        
Construction and land development
  252,875   30,133   72,207         355,215 
Retail
  436,694   2,608   6,492         445,794 
Office
  399,350   14,426   11,967         425,743 
Multifamily
  374,417   9,015   4,036         387,468 
Industrial
  225,069   284            225,353 
Other commercial real estate
  387,635   17,348   15,346         420,329 
Total commercial real estate
  2,076,040   73,814   110,048         2,259,902 
                          
Residential mortgage:
                        
Permanent mortgage
  315,068   15,353   8,903   793,261   18,583   1,151,168 
Permanent mortgages guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
           168,690      168,690 
Home equity
           587,793   4,245   592,038 
Total residential mortgage
  315,068   15,353   8,903   1,549,744   22,828   1,911,896 
                          
Consumer:
                        
Indirect automobile
           127,878   2,418   130,296 
Other consumer
  212,492   3,319   1,389   129,433   153   346,786 
Total consumer
  212,492   3,319   1,389   257,311   2,571   477,082 
                          
Total
 $8,896,953  $172,215  $203,879  $1,825,926  $25,596  $11,124,569 
 
 
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The following table summarizes the Company�s loan portfolio at December 31, 2010 by the risk grade categories (in thousands):
 
   
Internally Risk Graded
  
Non-Graded
    
   
Performing
  
Potential Problem
  
Nonaccrual
  
Performing
  
Nonaccrual
  
Total
 
                    
Commercial:
                  
Energy
 $1,704,401  $6,543  $465  $  $  $1,711,409 
Services
  1,531,239   30,420   19,262         1,580,921 
Wholesale/retail
  956,397   45,363   8,486         1,010,246 
Manufacturing
  319,075   4,000   2,116         325,191 
Healthcare
  801,525   4,566   3,534         809,625 
Integrated food services
  202,885   1,385   13         204,283 
Other commercial and industrial
  267,949   108   4,446   19,685   133   292,321 
Total commercial
  5,783,471   92,385   38,322   19,685   133   5,933,996 
                          
Commercial real estate:
                        
Construction and land development
  326,769   21,516   99,579         447,864 
Retail
  395,094   5,468   4,978         405,540 
Office
  420,899   16,897   19,654         457,450 
Multifamily
  355,733   6,784   6,725         369,242 
Industrial
  177,712   294   4,087         182,093 
Other commercial real estate
  390,969   8,849   15,343         415,161 
Total commercial real estate
  2,067,176   59,808   150,366         2,277,350 
                          
Residential mortgage:
                        
Permanent mortgage
  420,407   19,403   12,064   730,638   20,047   1,202,559 
Permanent mortgages guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
           72,385      72,385 
Home equity
           547,989   5,315   553,304 
Total residential mortgage
  420,407   19,403   12,064   1,351,012   25,362   1,828,248 
                          
Consumer:
                        
Indirect automobile
           237,050   2,526   239,576 
Other consumer
  240,243   4,356   1,751   117,226   290   363,866 
Total consumer
  240,243   4,356   1,751   354,276   2,816   603,442 
                          
Total
 $8,511,297  $175,952  $202,503  $1,724,973  $28,311  $10,643,036 
 

 
- 78 -

 

Impaired Loans

Loans are considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.

A summary of risk-graded impaired loans follows (in thousands):
 
   
As of September 30, 2011
  
For the three months
  
For the nine months
 
      
Recorded Investment
     
ended Sept. 30, 2011
  
ended Sept. 30, 2011
 
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
  
Total
  
With No
Allowance
  
With Allowance
  
Related Allowance
  
Average Recorded
Investment
  
Interest Income Recognized
  
Average Recorded
Investment
  
Interest Income Recognized
 
                             
Commercial:
                           
Energy
 $3,900  $3,900  $3,900  $  $  $2,123  $  $2,183  $ 
Services
  29,749   18,181   17,358   823   353   17,218      18,722    
Wholesale/retail
  32,226   27,088   25,345   1,743   1,104   26,113      17,787    
Manufacturing
  29,442   27,691   26,719   972   264   16,029      14,904    
Healthcare
  7,052   5,715   5,637   78   78   5,839      4,625    
Integrated food services
                       7    
Other commercial and industrial
  8,462   964   964         1,031      2,705    
Total commercial
  110,831   83,539   79,923   3,616   1,799   68,353      60,933    
                                      
Commercial real estate:
                                    
Construction and land development
  110,052   72,207   62,056   10,151   1,978   74,236      85,893    
Retail
  8,161   6,492   3,631   2,861   1,122   5,567      5,735    
Office
  14,199   11,967   11,405   562   76   11,720      15,811    
Multifamily
  5,326   4,036   4,036         4,377      5,381    
Industrial
                       2,044    
Other real estate loans
  16,197   15,346   6,738   8,608   1,023   14,306      15,345    
Total commercial real estate
  153,935   110,048   87,866   22,182   4,199   110,206      130,209    
                                      
Residential mortgage:
                                    
Permanent mortgage
  10,156   8,903   4,626   4,277   635   9,894      10,484    
Home equity
                           
Total residential mortgage
  10,156   8,903   4,626   4,277   635   9,894      10,484    
                                      
Consumer:
                                    
Indirect automobile
                           
Other consumer
  1,917   1,389   1,261   128   67   1,655      1,570    
Total consumer
  1,917   1,389   1,261   128   67   1,655      1,570    
                                      
Total
 $276,839  $203,879  $173,676  $30,203  $6,700  $190,108  $  $203,196  $ 

Generally, no interest income is recognized on impaired loans until all principal balances, including amounts charged-off, have been recovered.

 
- 79 -

 

A summary of risk-graded impaired loans at December 31, 2010 follows (in thousands):
 
      
Recorded Investment
    
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
  
Total
  
With No
Allowance
  
With Allowance
  
Related Allowance
 
                 
Commercial:
               
Energy
 $559  $465  $404  $61  $60 
Services
  28,579   19,262   15,985   3,277   1,227 
Wholesale/retail
  14,717   8,486   7,562   924   684 
Manufacturing
  5,811   2,116   2,116       
Healthcare
  4,701   3,534   2,743   791   95 
Integrated food services
  172   13   13       
Other commercial and industrial
  13,007   4,446   4,446       
Total commercial
  67,546   38,322   33,269   5,053   2,066 
                      
Commercial real estate:
                    
Construction and land development
  138,922   99,579   84,959   14,620   2,428 
Retail
  6,111   4,978   1,968   3,010   514 
Office
  25,702   19,654   18,798   856   106 
Multifamily
  24,368   6,725   6,129   596   115 
Industrial
  4,087   4,087      4,087   723 
Other real estate loans
  17,129   15,343   13,802   1,541   321 
Total commercial real estate
  216,319   150,366   125,656   24,710   4,207 
                      
Residential mortgage:
                    
Permanent mortgage
  15,258   12,064   8,574   3,490   781 
Home equity
               
Total residential mortgage
  15,258   12,064   8,574   3,490   781 
                      
Consumer:
                    
Indirect automobile
               
Other consumer
  1,909   1,751   1,506   245   78 
Total consumer
  1,909   1,751   1,506   245   78 
                      
Total
 $301,032  $202,503  $169,005  $33,498  $7,132 


Investments in impaired loans were as follows (in thousands):

   
Sept. 30,
 2011
  
Dec. 31,
2010
  
Sept. 30,
2010
 
           
Investment in impaired loans
 $203,879  $202,503  $242,969 
Impaired loans with specific allowance for loss
  30,203   33,498   65,292 
Specific allowance balance
  6,700   7,132   12,145 
Impaired loans with no specific allowance for loss
  173,676   169,005   177,667 
Average recorded investment in impaired loans
  190,108   262,368   290,909 


Troubled Debt Restructurings

Loan modifications are considered a troubled debt restructuring if the Company grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, including concessions legally imposed on the Company through a bankruptcy of the borrower or other judicial proceedings.  Loans that have been modified in troubled debt restructurings are considered to be impaired.

Loans subject to internal risk-grading, including all commercial and commercial real estate loans and certain residential mortgage and consumer loans modified in troubled debt restructuring are classified as nonaccruing.  Modification of these loans generally consists of extension of payment terms and renewal of matured nonaccruing loans.  The Company may grant interest rate concessions.  The Company generally does not forgive principal or accrued but unpaid interest.  Loans modified in troubled debt restructurings are evaluated for impairment and

 
- 80 -

 

generally remain classified as nonaccruing until full collection of principal and interest.

Troubled debt restructurings of internally risk graded impaired loans at September 30, 2011 were as follows (in thousands):

   
As of September 30, 2011
  
Amounts Charged-off
During:
 
   
Recorded
Investment
  
Performing in Accordance With Modified Terms
  
Not
Performing in Accordance With Modified Terms
  
Specific
Allowance
  
Three months ended
Sept. 30, 2011
  
Nine months ended
Sept. 30, 2011
 
                    
Commercial:
                  
Energy
 $  $  $  $  $  $ 
Services
  3,747   2,010   1,737         301 
Wholesale/retail
  1,804   1,579   225   26       
Manufacturing
                  
Healthcare
  65   65             
Integrated food services
                  
Other commercial and industrial
  963      963          
Total commercial
  6,579   3,654   2,925   26      301 
                          
Commercial real estate:
                        
Construction and land development
  28,902   5,111   23,791   1,069   427   1,066 
Retail
  1,450      1,450      502   502 
Office
  3,085   1,421   1,664          
Multifamily
                  
Industrial
                  
Other real estate loans
  8,209   2,317   5,892   726       
Total commercial real estate
  41,646   8,849   32,797   1,795   929   1,568 
                          
Residential mortgage:
                        
Permanent mortgage
  3,991   3,991      282      54 
Home equity
                  
Total residential mortgage
  3,991   3,991      282      54 
                          
Consumer:
                        
Indirect automobile
                  
Other consumer
  38   12   26          
Total consumer
  38   12   26          
                          
Total
 $52,254  $16,506  $35,748  $2,103  $929  $1,923 

The financial impact of troubled debt restructurings primarily consist of specific allowances for credit losses and principal amounts charged off.  Other financial impacts, such as foregone interest, are not material to the financial statements.

Non-risk graded residential mortgage loans that are modified in troubled debt restructurings primarily consist of loans that are guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.  Modifications generally included reduction of interest rates and extension of the number of payments in accordance with U.S. government agency guidelines.  Generally, no unpaid principal or interest is forgiven.  Impairment is measured by discounting the modified cash flows at the non-modified interest rate.  Interest continues to accrue based on the modified terms of the loan.  If it becomes probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the modified loan terms, the loan is placed on nonaccrual status and included in nonaccrual loans.

At September 30, 2011, approximately $13.6 million of the renegotiated residential mortgage loans are currently performing in accordance with the modified terms, $6.1 million are 30 to 89 days past due and $10.8 million are past due 90 days or more.  Restructured residential mortgage loans guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government in accordance with agency guidelines represent $26.7 million of our $30.5 million portfolio of renegotiated loans.  All renegotiated loans past due 90 days or more are guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.  Renegotiated loans

 
- 81 -

 

guaranteed by U.S. government agencies may be sold once they become eligible according to agency guidelines.

The Company generally does not voluntarily modify consumer loans to troubled borrowers.

Nonaccrual & Past Due Loans

Past due status for all loan classes is based on the actual number of days since the last payment was due according to the contractual terms of the loans.
 
A summary of loans currently performing, loans 30 to 89 days past due and accruing, loans 90 days or more past due and accruing and nonaccrual loans as of September 30, 2011 is as follows (in thousands):
 
      
Past Due
       
   
Current
  
30 to 89
Days
  
90 Days
or More
  
Nonaccrual
  
Total
 
                 
Commercial:
               
Energy
 $1,792,662  $599  $448  $3,900  $1,797,609 
Services
  1,831,849   6,980   468   18,181   1,857,478 
Wholesale/retail
  985,988   12,880   273   27,088   1,026,229 
Manufacturing
  343,010   28      27,691   370,729 
Healthcare
  901,343   89      5,715   907,147 
Integrated food services
  199,831   21         199,852 
Other commercial and industrial
  314,899   585      1,161   316,645 
Total commercial
  6,369,582   21,182   1,189   83,736   6,475,689 
                      
Commercial real estate:
                    
Construction and land development
  282,323   685      72,207   355,215 
Retail
  436,438   2,864      6,492   445,794 
Office
  413,424   352      11,967   425,743 
Multifamily
  383,432         4,036   387,468 
Industrial
  225,353            225,353 
Other real estate loans
  397,795   7,188      15,346   420,329 
Total commercial real estate
  2,138,765   11,089      110,048   2,259,902 
                      
Residential mortgage:
                    
Permanent mortgage
  1,101,425   22,127   130   27,486   1,151,168 
Permanent mortgages guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
  20,384   8,414   139,892      168,690 
Home equity
  585,643   2,150      4,245   592,038 
Total residential mortgage
  1,707,452   32,691   140,022   31,731   1,911,896 
                      
Consumer:
                    
Indirect automobile
  123,160   4,718      2,418   130,296 
Other consumer
  344,211   951   82   1,542   346,786 
Total consumer
  467,371   5,669   82   3,960   477,082 
                      
Total
 $10,683,170  $70,631  $141,293  $229,475  $11,124,569 
 
 
- 82 -

 

A summary of loans currently performing, loans 30 to 89 days past due and accruing, loans 90 days or more past due and accruing and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2010 is as follows (in thousands):
 
      
Past Due
       
   
Current
  
30 to 89
Days
  
90 Days
or More
  
Nonaccrual
  
Total
 
                 
Commercial:
               
Energy
 $1,707,466  $507  $2,971  $465  $1,711,409 
Services
  1,558,120   3,196   343   19,262   1,580,921 
Wholesale/retail
  1,001,422   315   23   8,486   1,010,246 
Manufacturing
  321,102   168   1,805   2,116   325,191 
Healthcare
  805,124   75   892   3,534   809,625 
Integrated food services
  204,199   71      13   204,283 
Other commercial and industrial
  287,357   111   274   4,579   292,321 
Total commercial
  5,884,790   4,443   6,308   38,455   5,933,996 
                      
Commercial real estate:
                    
Construction and land development
  344,016   3,170   1,099   99,579   447,864 
Retail
  394,445   6,117      4,978   405,540 
Office
  437,496   300      19,654   457,450 
Multifamily
  362,517         6,725   369,242 
Industrial
  177,660   346      4,087   182,093 
Other real estate loans
  395,320   4,301   197   15,343   415,161 
Total commercial real estate
  2,111,454   14,234   1,296   150,366   2,277,350 
                      
Residential mortgage:
                    
Permanent mortgage
  1,148,271   22,177      32,111   1,202,559 
Permanent mortgages guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
  10,451   4,342   57,592      72,385 
Home equity
  546,384   1,605      5,315   553,304 
Total residential mortgage
  1,705,106   28,124   57,592   37,426   1,828,248 
                      
Consumer:
                    
Indirect automobile
  225,601   11,382   67   2,526   239,576 
Other consumer
  360,603   927   295   2,041   363,866 
Total consumer
  586,204   12,309   362   4,567   603,442 
                      
Total
 $10,287,554  $59,110  $65,558  $230,814  $10,643,036