Collaborative Arrangements

Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Incorporated

In April 2011, the Company entered into an amendment (the “April 2011 Amendment”) to its existing collaboration agreement with Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Incorporated (“CFFT”) pursuant to which CFFT agreed to provide financial support for (i) development activities for VX-661, a compound that targets the processing and trafficking defect of the F508del CFTR proteins discovered under the collaboration, and (ii) additional research and development activities directed at discovering new compounds targeting the processing and trafficking defect of the F508del protein.

Under the April 2011 Amendment, CFFT agreed to provide the Company with up to $75.0 million in funding over approximately five years for research and development activities. The Company retains the right to develop and commercialize KALYDECO (ivacaftor), ORKAMBI (lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor), lumacaftor, VX-661 and any other compounds discovered during the course of the research collaboration with CFFT. The Company recognized no collaborative revenues from this collaboration during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and $2.0 million and $6.5 million of collaborative revenues from this collaboration during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively.

In the original agreement, as amended prior to the April 2011 Amendment, the Company agreed to pay CFFT tiered royalties calculated as a percentage, ranging from single digits to sub-teens, of annual net sales of any approved drugs discovered during the research term that ended in 2008, including KALYDECO, ORKAMBI, lumacaftor and VX-661. The April 2011 Amendment provides for a tiered royalty in the same range on net sales of compounds targeting the processing and trafficking defect of F508del CFTR proteins discovered during the research term that began in 2011 and ended in February 2014. In each of the third quarter of 2012 and the first quarter of 2013, CFFT earned a commercial milestone payment of $9.3 million from the Company upon achievement of certain sales levels for KALYDECO. These milestones were reflected in the Company's cost of product revenues. There are no additional commercial milestone payments payable by the Company to CFFT related to sales levels for KALYDECO. The Company also is obligated to make up to two one-time commercial milestone payments to CFFT upon achievement of certain sales levels for ORKAMBI.

The Company began marketing KALYDECO in the United States and certain countries in the European Union in 2012 and began marketing ORKAMBI in the United States in July 2015. The Company has royalty obligations to CFFT for each compound commercialized pursuant to this collaboration until the expiration of patents covering that compound. The Company has patents in the United States and European Union covering the composition-of-matter of ivacaftor that expire in 2027 and 2025, respectively, subject to potential patent life extensions. The Company has patents in the United States and European Union covering the composition-of-matter of lumacaftor that expire in 2030 and 2026, respectively, subject to potential patent life extensions. CFFT may terminate its funding obligations under the collaboration, as amended, in certain circumstances, in which case there will be a proportional adjustment to the royalty rates and commercial milestone payments for certain compounds. The collaboration also may be terminated by either party for a material breach by the other, subject to notice and cure provisions.

Janssen Pharmaceutica NV

The Company has a collaboration agreement (the “Janssen HCV Agreement”) with Janssen Pharmaceutica NV (“Janssen NV”) for the development, manufacture and commercialization of telaprevir, which Janssen NV began marketing under the brand name INCIVO in certain of its territories in September 2011. Pursuant to the Janssen HCV Agreement, as amended, Janssen NV has a fully-paid license to manufacture and commercialize INCIVO in its territories including Europe, South America, the Middle East, Africa and Australia, subject to the payment of third-party royalties on net sales of INCIVO. In addition to the collaborative revenues, the Company recorded royalty revenues and corresponding royalty expenses related to third-party royalties that Janssen NV remains responsible for based on INCIVO net sales.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized the following revenues attributable to the Janssen NV collaboration:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Royalty revenues (INCIVO)	$	158	$	2,284	$	1,742	$	12,917
Collaborative revenues (telaprevir)	441		1,390		1,620		4,262
Total revenues attributable to the Janssen NV collaboration	$	599	$	3,674	$	3,362	$	17,179

CRISPR Therapeutics AG

On October 26, 2015, the Company entered into a strategic collaboration, option and license agreement (the "CRISPR Agreement") with CRISPR Therapeutics AG and its affiliates ("CRISPR") to collaborate on the discovery and development of potential new treatments aimed at the underlying genetic causes of human diseases using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology. The Company has the exclusive right to license up to six CRISPR-Cas9-based targets. In connection with the CRISPR Agreement, the Company made an upfront payment to CRISPR of $75.0 million and will make a $30.0 million investment in CRISPR pursuant to a convertible loan agreement.

The Company will fund all of the discovery activities conducted pursuant to the CRISPR Agreement. For potential hemoglobinapathy treatments, including treatments for sickle cell disease, the Company and CRISPR will share equally all research and development costs and worldwide revenues. For other targets that the Company elects to license, the Company would lead all development and global commercialization activities. For each of up to six targets that the Company elects to license, other than hemoglobinapathy targets, CRISPR has the potential to receive up to $420.0 million in development, regulatory and commercial milestones and royalties on net sales.

The Company may terminate the CRISPR Agreement upon 90 days’ notice to CRISPR prior to any product receiving marketing approval or upon 270 days’ notice after such point. The CRISPR Agreement also may be terminated by either party for a material breach by the other, subject to notice and cure provisions. Unless earlier terminated, the CRISPR Agreement will continue in effect until the expiration of the Company's payment obligations under the CRISPR Agreement.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company has entered into several agreements pursuant to which it has licensed rights to certain drug candidates from third-party collaborators, which has resulted in the consolidation of the third parties' financial statements into the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements as VIEs. In order to account for the fair value of the contingent milestone and royalty payments related to these collaborations under GAAP, the Company uses present-value models based on assumptions regarding the probability of achieving the relevant milestones, estimates regarding the time to develop the drug candidates, estimates of future product sales and the appropriate discount rates. The Company bases its estimate of the probability of achieving the relevant milestones on industry data for similar assets and its own experience. The discount rates used in the valuation model represent a measure of credit risk and market risk associated with settling the liabilities. Significant judgment is used in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions at each reporting period. Changes in these assumptions could have a material effect on the fair value of the contingent milestone and royalty payments. The following collaborations are, or were previously, reflected in the Company's financial statements for being consolidated as VIEs:

Parion Sciences, Inc.

License and Collaboration Agreement

On June 4, 2015, the Company entered into a strategic collaboration and license agreement (the "Parion Agreement") with Parion Sciences, Inc. (“Parion”). Pursuant to the agreement, the Company is collaborating with Parion to develop investigational epithelial sodium channel (“ENaC”) inhibitors, including VX-371 (formerly P-1037) and P-1055, for the potential treatment of cystic fibrosis, or CF, and other pulmonary diseases. The Company is leading development activities for VX-371 and P-1055 in CF and other pulmonary diseases and is responsible for all costs, subject to certain exceptions, related to development and commercialization of the compounds.

Pursuant to the Parion Agreement, the Company has worldwide development and commercial rights to Parion’s lead investigational ENaC inhibitors, VX-371 and P-1055, for the potential treatment of CF and all other pulmonary diseases and has the option to select additional compounds discovered in Parion’s research program. Parion received an $80.0 million up-front payment and has the potential to receive up to an additional (i) $490.0 million in development and regulatory milestone payments for development of ENaC inhibitors in CF, including $360.0 million related to global filing and approval milestones, (ii) $370.0 million in development and regulatory milestones for VX-371 and P-1055 in non-CF pulmonary indications and (iii) $230.0 million in development and regulatory milestones should the Company elect to develop an additional ENaC inhibitor from Parion’s research program. The Company has agreed to pay Parion tiered royalties that range from the low double digits to mid-teens as a percentage of potential sales of licensed products.

The Company may terminate the Parion Agreement upon 90 days’ notice to Parion prior to any licensed product receiving marketing approval or upon 180 days’ notice after such point. If the Company experiences a change of control prior to the initiation of the first Phase 3 clinical trial for a licensed product, Parion may terminate the Parion Agreement upon 30 days’ notice, subject to the Company's right to receive specified royalties on any subsequent commercialization of licensed products. The Parion Agreement also may be terminated by either party for a material breach by the other, subject to notice and cure provisions. Unless earlier terminated, the agreement will continue in effect until the expiration of the Company's royalty obligations, which expire on a country-by-country basis on the later of (i) the date the last-to-expire patent covering a licensed product expires or (ii) ten years after the first commercial sale in the country.

The Company determined that Parion is a VIE based on, among other factors, the significance to Parion of the ENaC inhibitors licensed to the Company pursuant to the Parion Agreement and on the Company's power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Parion. Accordingly, the Company consolidated Parion's financial statements beginning on June 4, 2015. However, the Company's interests in Parion are limited to those accorded to the Company in the Parion Agreement. In particular, the Company did not acquire any equity interest in Parion, any interest in Parion's cash and cash equivalents or any control over Parion's activities that do not relate to the Parion Agreement.

Consideration for the Parion Agreement

The Company determined that the fair value of the consideration from the Company to Parion was $255.3 million as of June 4, 2015, which consisted of (i) an $80.0 million up-front payment, (ii) the estimated fair value of the contingent research and development milestones potentially payable by the Company to Parion and (iii) the estimated fair value of potential royalty payments payable by the Company to Parion. The Company valued the contingent milestone and royalty payments using (a) discount rates ranging from 4.1% to 5.9% for the development milestones and (b) a discount rate of 6.6% for royalties. The consideration paid and the preliminary fair value of the contingent milestone and royalty payments payable by the Company pursuant to the agreement are set forth in the table below:



	June 4, 2015
	(in thousands)
Up-front payment	$	80,000
Fair value of contingent milestone and royalty payments	175,340
Total	$	255,340

Preliminary Allocation of Assets and Liabilities

For the purposes of the condensed consolidated balance sheets at June 4, 2015 and September 30, 2015, the Company preliminarily allocated the total consideration, which is comprised of the up-front payment and the fair value of the contingent milestone and royalty payments, intangible assets, goodwill, deferred tax liability, net and net other assets and liabilities.

The Company recorded $255.3 million of intangible assets on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet for Parion's in-process research and development assets. These in-process research and development assets relate to Parion's pulmonary ENaC platform, including the intellectual property related to VX-371 and P-1055, that are licensed by Parion to the Company. The difference between the preliminary fair value of the consideration and the fair value of Parion's assets (including the fair value of intangible assets) and liabilities was allocated to goodwill.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of the assets and liabilities recorded on the effective date of the agreement:



	June 4, 2015
	(in thousands)
Intangible assets	$	255,340
Goodwill	10,468
Deferred tax liability	(91,023		)
Net other assets (liabilities)	(10,468		)
Net assets attributable to noncontrolling interests	$	164,317

BioAxone Biosciences, Inc.

In October 2014, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement (the “BioAxone Agreement”) with BioAxone Biosciences, Inc. (“BioAxone”), a privately-held biotechnology company, which resulted in the consolidation of BioAxone as a VIE beginning on October 1, 2014. The Company paid BioAxone initial payments of $10.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2014.

BioAxone has the potential to receive up to $90.0 million in milestones and fees, including development, regulatory and milestone payments and a license continuation fee. In addition, BioAxone would receive royalties and commercial milestones on future net product sales of VX-210, if any. The Company holds an option to purchase BioAxone at a predetermined price. The option expires on the earliest of (a) the day the FDA accepts the Biologics License Application submission for VX-210, (b) the day the Company elects to continue the license instead of exercising the option to purchase BioAxone and (c) March 15, 2018, subject to the Company’s option to extend this date by one year.

Alios BioPharma, Inc.

In 2011, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement (the “Alios Agreement”) with Alios BioPharma, Inc. (“Alios”), which was a privately-held biotechnology company, which resulted in the consolidation of Alios as a VIE through December 31, 2013. Pursuant to the Alios Agreement, the Company and Alios collaborated on the research, development and commercialization of HCV nucleotide analogues discovered by Alios through April 2014. In December 2014, the Alios Agreement terminated in accordance with its terms pursuant to a termination notice delivered by the Company in October 2014. As of September 30, 2014, the Company concluded that it no longer had significant continuing involvement with Alios due to its intent and ability to terminate the Alios Agreement, among other factors; therefore, the operations of Alios are presented as discontinued operations in these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Aggregate VIE Financial Information

The Company did not have any consolidated VIEs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. An aggregate summary of net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest related to the Company's VIEs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2015			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
	(in thousands)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest before provision for income taxes	$	(1,743	)	$	(3,322	)
Provision for income taxes	(777		)	(30,367		)
Increase in fair value of contingent milestone and royalty payments	3,853			2,780
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	$	1,333		$	(30,909	)

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the fair value of the contingent milestone and royalty payments related to the BioAxone collaboration decreased by $0.6 million and $0.1 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the fair value of the contingent milestone and royalty payments related to the Parion collaboration increased by $4.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The changes in the fair value of the contingent milestone and royalty payments were primarily due to the changes in market interest rates and the time value of money. As of September 30, 2015, the fair value of the contingent milestone and royalty payments related to the BioAxone collaboration and the Parion collaboration was $27.0 million and $178.2 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes items related to the Company's VIEs included in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates set forth in the table:



	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
	(in thousands)
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (VIE)	$	75,765	$	8,418
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,057		268
Intangible assets	284,340		29,000
Goodwill	19,391		8,923
Other assets	461		42
Accounts payable	1,115		189
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	32,519		3,891
Deferred tax liability, net	110,360		11,544
Other liabilities	300		300
Noncontrolling interest	154,585		21,177

The Company has recorded the VIEs' cash and cash equivalents as restricted cash and cash equivalents (VIE) because (i) the Company does not have any interest in or control over the VIEs' cash and cash equivalents and (ii) the Company's agreements with each VIE do not provide for the VIEs' cash and cash equivalents to be used for the development of the assets that the Company licensed from the applicable VIE. Assets recorded as a result of consolidating our VIEs' financial condition into the Company's balance sheet do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against the Company's general assets.

Outlicense Arrangements

In the ordinary course of the Company's business, the Company has entered into various agreements pursuant to which it has outlicensed rights to certain drug candidates to third-party collaborators. Although the Company does not consider any of these outlicense arrangements to be material, the most notable of these outlicense arrangements is described below. Pursuant to these outlicense arrangements, our collaborators are responsible for all costs related to the continued development of such drug candidates. Depending on the terms of the arrangements, the Company's collaborators may be required to make upfront payments, milestone payments upon the achievement of certain product research and development objectives and/or pay royalties on future sales, if any, of commercial products resulting from the collaboration.

Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

In June 2014, the Company entered into an agreement (the “Janssen Influenza Agreement”) with Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Janssen Inc.”), which was amended in October 2014 to clarify certain roles and responsibilities of the parties.

Pursuant to the Janssen Influenza Agreement, Janssen Inc. has an exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize certain drug candidates for the treatment of influenza, including VX-787. The Company received non-refundable payments of $35.0 million from Janssen Inc. in 2014, which were recorded as collaborative revenue. The Company has the potential to receive development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments as well as royalties on future product sales, if any.

Janssen Inc. is responsible for costs related to the development and commercialization of the compounds. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded reimbursement for these development activities of $4.0 million and $18.7 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company recorded reimbursement for these development activities of $4.3 million. The reimbursements are recorded as a reduction to development expense in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations primarily due to the fact that Janssen Inc. directs the activities and selects the suppliers associated with these activities. Janssen Inc. may terminate the Janssen Influenza Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, upon six months' notice.