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Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies
Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standards update concerning the accounting for financial instruments. The guidance retains the basic existing framework for accounting for financial instruments under GAAP, while achieving limited convergence with IFRS in this area. The guidance: (1) requires equity investments (except consolidated entities and those accounted for under the equity method of accounting) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, although equity instruments without a readily determinable fair value may be measured at cost less impairment with an adjustment for observable price changes; (2) simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment; (3) eliminates the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for non-public business entities; (4) eliminates the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet; (5) requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; (6) requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial statements; (7) requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of asset in the financial statements; and (8) clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available for sale securities in combination with the entity's other deferred tax assets. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted only for the amendment relating to presentation of the change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in instrument-specific credit risk and should be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. All of the amendments from this update should be applied by means of a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, except the amendments related to impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, but expects that it will have an effect on results of operations as mark to market movements will prospectively impact net income. The Company does not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or cash flows.
In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update concerning the accounting for leases. The most significant change to existing GAAP created by this standard will be the lessee recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for those leases classified as operating. The core principle of this guidance stipulates that a lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, both a liability for contractual payments due under the lease, and an asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset for the lease term ("right-of-use asset"). For financing leases, interest on the lease liability should be recognized separately from the amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statement of comprehensive income. Additionally, as regards the presentation of financing lease activities within the statement of cash flows, repayments of the principal portion of the lease liability should be classified within financing activities, while payments of interest on the lease liability should be classified within operating activities. For operating leases, a single net lease cost should be recognized over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis, and all cash payments related to the lease should be classified within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities, and therefore recognize lease expense for such leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach, which includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply. An entity that elects to apply the practical expedients will substantively continue to account for leases that commence before the effective date in accordance with existing GAAP, except that a right-of-use asset and a lease liability must be recorded for all operating leases at each reporting date based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments that were previously tracked and disclosed. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, but expects that it will have an effect on the Company's financial condition as new assets and liabilities related to operating leases are likely to be recorded as a result of adoption. The Company does not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or cash flows.
In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update concerning the accounting for equity method investments. The amendments in this update require that when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence, the equity method investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor's previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of that date. Additionally, if the investment was previously accounted for as an available-for sale security, an entity also shall immediately recognize through earnings the unrealized holding gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) as of that date. Thus, this new treatment is eliminating existing GAAP rules requiring retroactive adjustment of an entity’s investments, results of operations and retained earnings when an existing investment qualifies for the equity method of accounting. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and should be applied prospectively upon their effective date. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, but does not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
In March 2016 as part of its simplification initiative, the FASB issued an accounting standards update concerning the accounting for several aspects of employee share-based payment awards including: income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, classification of items in the statement of cash flows, and certain expedients that entities can now elect regarding estimates and assumptions in this area. Regarding the accounting for income taxes, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies, including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards, should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit (regardless of whether the benefit reduces taxes payable in the current period) in the income statement, as opposed to additional paid-in capital as current GAAP prescribes. The tax effects of exercised or vested awards should be treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. Regarding the classification of awards, the update changes the threshold to qualify for equity classification from the employer's minimum statutory withholding requirements to the maximum statutory tax rates in the applicable jurisdictions. Regarding the classification of cash flows, excess tax benefits should be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity, while cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity. As regards new expedients which can be elected related to estimates and assumptions in this area of accounting, the only one allowable for public business entities is that they may now make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of share-based payment awards that are expected to vest (which is current GAAP) or account for forfeitures as they occur. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted so long as all the amendments in the update are adopted in the same period. The amendments within the guidance related to the recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the income statement as opposed to in paid-in capital should be applied prospectively. The amendments related to the statement of cash flows presentation of excess tax benefits may be adopted either prospectively or retrospectively, while the amendments related to the presentation of employee taxes paid must be applied retrospectively. The remaining amendments - relating to the timing of when excess tax benefits are recognized, the change in the threshold for equity versus liability classification of certain awards, and the allowable policy election regarding forfeitures - should be applied using a modified retrospective transition method by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which the guidance is adopted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, but expects it will have an impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows upon adoption.