UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from            to           

Commission file number 0-19291

CORVEL CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	33-0282651
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1920 Main Street, Suite 900
Irvine, CA	92614
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (949) 851-1473

Not Applicable

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001 Per Share	CRVL	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☑

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, as of August 4, 2020, was 17,932,274.

CORVEL CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets – June 30, 2020 (unaudited) and March 31, 2020	3
	Consolidated Income Statements (unaudited) – Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	4
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) – Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) – Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) – June 30, 2020	7
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	22
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	23
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	24
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	24
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	32
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	32
Item 5.	Other Information	32
Item 6.	Exhibits	33
	Signatures	34

Page 2

Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 – Financial Statements

CORVEL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	June 30, 2020			March 31, 2020
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	94,111,000		$	83,223,000
Customer deposits		52,689,000			48,991,000
Accounts receivable, net		67,469,000			65,767,000
Prepaid taxes and expenses		10,167,000			11,010,000
Total current assets		224,436,000			208,991,000
Property and equipment, net		74,360,000			75,900,000
Goodwill		36,814,000			36,814,000
Other intangibles, net		2,431,000			2,540,000
Right-of-use asset, net (Note 10)		86,250,000			90,666,000
Other assets		718,000			1,349,000
TOTAL ASSETS	$	425,009,000		$	416,260,000
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts and taxes payable (Note 9)	$	16,618,000		$	16,363,000
Accrued liabilities (Note 9)		121,917,000			117,326,000
Total current liabilities		138,535,000			133,689,000
Deferred income taxes		7,515,000			7,764,000
Long-term operating lease liabilities (Note 10)		80,867,000			85,096,000
Total liabilities		226,917,000			226,549,000
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 7 and 8)
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock, $.0001 par value: 120,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2020    and March 31, 2020; 54,296,812 shares issued (17,976,583 shares outstanding, net of    Treasury shares) and 54,254,557 shares issued (17,968,966 shares outstanding, net of    Treasury shares) at June 30, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively		3,000			3,000
Paid-in capital		171,412,000			168,935,000
Treasury stock (36,320,229 shares at June 30, 2020 and 36,285,591 shares at    March 31, 2020)		(534,162,000	)		(531,764,000	)
Retained earnings		560,839,000			552,537,000
Total stockholders' equity		198,092,000			189,711,000
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	425,009,000		$	416,260,000

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Page 3

CORVEL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
REVENUES	$	129,600,000	$	150,139,000
Cost of revenues		103,091,000		117,005,000
Gross profit		26,509,000		33,134,000
General and administrative expenses		15,585,000		15,752,000
Income before income tax provision		10,924,000		17,382,000
Income tax provision		2,622,000		3,975,000
NET INCOME	$	8,302,000	$	13,407,000
Net income per common and common equivalent share
Basic	$	0.46	$	0.72
Diluted	$	0.46	$	0.71
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares
Basic		17,983,000		18,524,000
Diluted		18,114,000		18,787,000

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Page 4

CORVEL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY – UNAUDITED

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Common Shares		Stock Amount		Paid-in- Capital		Treasury Shares			Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance – March 31, 2020		54,254,557	$	3,000	$	168,935,000		(36,285,591	)	$	(531,764,000	)	$	552,537,000	$	189,711,000
Stock issued under stock option plan,    net of shares repurchased		42,255		—		1,482,000		—			—			—		1,482,000
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		995,000		—			—			—		995,000
Purchase of treasury stock		—		—		—		(34,638	)		(2,398,000	)		—		(2,398,000	)
Net income		—		—		—		—			—			8,302,000		8,302,000
Balance – June 30, 2020		54,296,812	$	3,000	$	171,412,000		(36,320,229	)	$	(534,162,000	)	$	560,839,000	$	198,092,000
	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Common Shares		Stock Amount		Paid-in- Capital		Treasury Shares			Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance – March 31, 2019		54,021,032	$	3,000	$	155,798,000		(35,463,238	)	$	(466,156,000	)	$	505,160,000	$	194,805,000
Stock issued under stock option plan,    net of shares repurchased		96,183		—		3,499,000		—			—			—		3,499,000
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		1,225,000		—			—			—		1,225,000
Purchase of treasury stock		—		—		—		(124,411	)		(9,119,000	)		—		(9,119,000	)
Net income		—		—		—		—			—			13,407,000		13,407,000
Balance – June 30, 2019		54,117,215	$	3,000	$	160,522,000		(35,587,649	)	$	(475,275,000	)	$	518,567,000	$	203,817,000

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Page 5

CORVEL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – UNAUDITED

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
NET INCOME	$	8,302,000		$	13,407,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		5,828,000			5,678,000
Loss on write down or disposal of property, capitalized software or investment		493,000			24,000
Stock compensation expense		995,000			1,225,000
Provision for doubtful accounts		1,197,000			198,000
Deferred income tax		(249,000	)		(306,000	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(2,899,000	)		4,297,000
Customer deposits		(3,698,000	)		1,600,000
Prepaid taxes and expenses		843,000			501,000
Other assets		133,000			(904,000	)
Accounts and taxes payable		(311,000	)		7,866,000
Accrued liabilities		4,591,000			2,160,000
Operating lease liabilities		186,000			(9,384,000	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		15,411,000			26,362,000
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of property and equipment		(3,607,000	)		(8,030,000	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(3,607,000	)		(8,030,000	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Purchase of treasury stock		(2,398,000	)		(9,119,000	)
Exercise of common stock options		1,482,000			3,499,000
Net cash used in financing activities		(916,000	)		(5,620,000	)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents		10,888,000			12,712,000
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		83,223,000			91,713,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	94,111,000		$	104,425,000
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Income taxes paid	$	211,000		$	310,000
Purchase of software license under finance agreement	$	—		$	5,685,000

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Page 6

CORVEL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2020

Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation: The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared by CorVel Corporation (“the Company”, “we”, “our”, “us”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  The accompanying interim unaudited financial statements have been prepared under the presumption that users of the interim financial information have either read or have access to the audited consolidated financial statements for the latest fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.  Accordingly, note disclosures which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the March 31, 2020 audited consolidated financial statements have been omitted from these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.

The Company evaluated all subsequent events and transactions through the date of filing this report.

Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  Operating results for the three months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021.  For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on June 10, 2020.

Reclassification:  The Company has reclassified certain amounts in its consolidated statements of cash flows for the period ended June 30, 2019 to conform to the consolidated statements of cash flows presentation for the period ended June 30, 2020.  The reclassification relates to the depreciation and amortization and operating lease liabilities amounts under operating activities.  

Impact of COVID-19:  The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and could further impact our operations and the operations of our suppliers and vendors as a result of quarantines, facility closures, illnesses, reduced medical services, and travel and logistics restrictions. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to the duration, spread, severity, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customers, suppliers, vendors, the remedial actions and stimulus measures adopted by federal, state, and local governments, and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience adverse impacts to our business as a result of any economic recession or depression that has occurred or may occur in the future. Therefore, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the full impact at this time.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes”.  The pronouncement simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes”.  The pronouncement also improves consistent application of and simplifies GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance.  This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted.  We are still evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Guidance Adopted: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 regarding ASC Topic 326, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”.  The pronouncement changes the impairment model for most financial assets and will require the use of an "expected loss" model for instruments measured at amortized cost. Under this model, entities will be required to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss on such instruments and record an allowance to offset the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, resulting in a net presentation of the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. Subsequently, the FASB issued an amendment to clarify the implementation dates and items that fall within the scope of this pronouncement. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company has adopted this standard as of April 1, 2020.  The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.  On an ongoing basis, the Company will contemplate forward-looking economic conditions in recording lifetime expected credit losses for the Company’s financial assets measured at cost.  

Page 7

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 regarding ASC Topic 350, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”.  The pronouncement simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. Under this guidance, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment charge shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted.  The Company has adopted this standard as of April 1, 2020.  The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 – Revenue Recognition

The Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method for those contracts which were not substantially completed as of the transition date, which was April 1, 2018.  The reported results for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 reflect the application of the guidance of ASC 606.  There was no material impact to any of the line items within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income or Consolidated Balance Sheets as a result of applying ASC 606 for the three months ended June 30, 2020.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to the Company’s customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. As the Company completes its performance obligations, which are identified below, it has an unconditional right to consideration as outlined in the Company’s contracts. Generally, the Company’s accounts receivable are expected to be collected in 30 days in accordance with the underlying payment terms.

The Company generates revenue through its patient management and network solutions service lines. The Company operates in one reportable operating segment, managed care.

Patient Management Service Line

The patient management service line provides services primarily related to workers’ compensation claims management and case management. This service line also includes additional services such as accident and health claims programs. Each claim referred by the customer is considered an additional optional purchase of claims management services under the agreement with the customer. The transaction price is readily available from the contract and is fixed for each service. Revenue is recognized over time as services are provided as the performance obligations are satisfied through the effort expended to research, investigate, evaluate, document, and report the claim and control of these services is transferred to the customer. Revenue is recognized based on historical claim closure rates and claim type applied utilizing a portfolio approach based on time elapsed for these claims, generally between three and fifteen months. The Company believes this approach reasonably reflects the transfer of the claims management services to its customers.

The Company’s obligation to manage claims and cases under the patient management service line can range from less than one year to multi-year contracts. They are generally one year under the terms of the contract; however, many of these contracts contain auto-renewal provisions and the Company’s customer relationships can span multiple years. Under certain claims management agreements, the Company receives consideration from a customer at contract inception prior to transferring services to the customer, however, the Company would begin performing services immediately. The period between a customer’s payment of consideration and the completion of the promised services is generally less than one year. There is no difference between the amount of promised consideration and the cash selling price of the promised services. The fee is billed upfront by the Company in order to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing the Company’s services.

The patient management service line also offers the services of case managers who provide administration services by proactively managing medical treatment for claimants while facilitating an understanding of and participation in their rehabilitation process. Revenue for case management services is recognized over time as the performance obligations are satisfied through the effort expended to manage the medical treatment for claimants and control of these services is transferred to the customer. Case management services are generally billed based on time incurred, are considered variable consideration, and revenue is recognized at the amount in which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed. The Company believes this approach reasonably reflects the transfer of the case management service to the customer.

Page 8

Network Solutions Service Line

The network solutions service line consists primarily of medical bill review and third-party services. Medical bill review services provide an analysis of medical charges for customers’ claims to identify opportunities for savings. Medical bill review services revenues are recognized at a point in time when control of the service is transferred to the customer. Revenue is recognized based upon the transfer of the results of the medical bill review service to the customer as this is the most accurate depiction of the transfer of the service to the customer. Medical bill review revenues are variable, generally based on performance metrics set forth in the underlying contracts. Each period, the Company bases its estimates on a contract-by-contract basis. The Company makes its best estimate of amounts the Company has earned and expects to be collected using historical averages and other factors to project such revenues.  Variable consideration is recognized when the Company concludes that it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur in future periods.

Third-party services revenue includes pharmacy, directed care services and other services, and includes amounts received from customers compensating the Company for certain third-party costs associated with providing its integrated network solutions services. The Company is considered the principal in these transactions as it directs the third party, controls the specified service, performs program utilization review, directs payment to the provider, accepts the financial risk of loss associated with services rendered and combines the services provided into an integrated solution, as specified within the Company’s customer contracts. The Company has the ability to influence contractual fees with customers and possesses the financial risk of loss in certain contractual obligations. These factors indicate the Company is the principal and, as such, it is required to recognize revenue gross and service partner vendor fees in the operating expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents revenues disaggregated by service line for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
Patient management services	$	85,221,000	$	99,491,000
Network solutions services		44,379,000		50,648,000
Total services	$	129,600,000	$	150,139,000

Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations

For many of the Company’s services, the Company typically has one performance obligation; however, the Company also provides the customer with an option to acquire additional services. The Company offers multiple services under its patient management and network solutions service lines. The Company typically provides a menu of offerings from which the customer may choose to purchase. The price of each service is separate and distinct and provides a separate and distinct value to the customer. Pricing is generally consistent for each service irrespective of the other services or quantities requested by the customer.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivables, unbilled receivables, and contract liabilities (reported as deferred revenues) on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Unbilled receivables are due to the Company unconditionally for services already rendered except for physical invoicing and the passage of time. Invoicing requirements vary by customer contract but substantially all unbilled revenues are billed within one year.

	June 30, 2020			March 31, 2020
Billed receivables	$	51,350,000		$	51,208,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(6,133,000	)		(5,133,000	)
Unbilled receivables		22,252,000			19,692,000
Accounts receivable, net	$	67,469,000		$	65,767,000

When the Company receives consideration from a customer prior to transferring services to the customer under the terms of certain claims management agreements, it records deferred revenues on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, which represents a contract liability.

Page 9

Certain services, such as claims management, are provided under fixed-fee service agreements and require the Company to manage claims over a contract period, typically for one year with the option for auto renewal, with the fixed fee renewing on the anniversary date of such contracts. The Company recognizes deferred revenues as revenues when it performs services and transfers control of the services to the customer and satisfies the performance obligation which it determines utilizing a portfolio approach. For all fixed fee service agreements, revenues are recognized over the expected service periods by type of claim.

The table below presents the deferred revenues balance and the significant activity affecting deferred revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2020:

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2020
Beginning balance at April 1, 2020 (Note 9)	$	17,645,000
Additions		8,418,000
Revenue recognized from beginning of period		(2,354,000	)
Revenue recognized from additions		(4,987,000	)
Ending balance at June 30, 2020 (Note 9)	$	18,722,000

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $18.7 million of remaining performance obligations related to claims and non-claims services for which the price is fixed. Remaining performance obligations consist of deferred revenues. The Company expects to recognize approximately 97% of its remaining performance obligations as revenues within one year and the remaining balance thereafter. See the discussion below regarding the practical expedients elected for the disclosure of remaining performance obligations.

Costs to Obtain a Contract

The Company has an internal sales force compensation program where remuneration is based solely on the revenues recognized in the period and does not represent an incremental cost to the Company which provides a future benefit expected to be longer than one year and would meet the criteria to be capitalized and presented as unbilled receivables on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.  

Practical Expedients Elected

As a practical expedient, the Company does not adjust the consideration in a contract for the effects of a significant financing component. It expects, at contract inception, that the period between a customer’s payment of consideration and the transfer of promised services to the customer will be one year or less.

For patient management services that are billed on a time-and-expense incurred or per unit basis and for which revenue is recognized over time, the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed.

The Company does not disclose the value of remaining performance obligations for (i) contracts for which it recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed, and (ii) contracts with variable consideration allocated entirely to a single performance obligation.

Note 3 — Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options

Under the Company’s Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan (formerly the Restated 1988 Executive Stock Option Plan) (“the Plan”) as in effect at June 30, 2020, options exercisable for up to 19,865,000 shares of the Company’s common stock may be granted over the life of the Plan to key employees, non-employee directors, and consultants at exercise prices not less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the Plan are non-statutory stock options and generally vest 25% one year from the date of grant with the remaining 75% vesting ratably each month for the next 36 months. The options granted to employees and the Company’s Board of Directors expire at the end of five years and ten years from the date of grant, respectively.  All options granted in the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and are non-statutory stock options.

Page 10

The Company records compensation expense for employee stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the assumptions included in the table below. The Company uses historical data, among other factors, to estimate the expected volatility, the expected dividend yield and the expected option life. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures.  The risk-free rate is based on the interest rate paid on a U.S. Treasury issue with a term similar to the estimated life of the option.  The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of options granted during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
Risk-free interest rate	0.36%		2.33%
Expected volatility	34%		32%
Expected dividend yield		0.00%		0.00%
Expected weighted average life of option in years	4.5 years		4.5 years

For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $995,000 and $1,225,000, respectively. The table below shows the amounts recognized in the unaudited consolidated financial statements for stock compensation expense for time-based options and performance-based options during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2020			June 30, 2019
Cost of revenues	$	488,000		$	485,000
General and administrative		507,000			740,000
Total cost of stock-based compensation included in    income before income tax provision		995,000			1,225,000
Amount of income tax benefit recognized		(239,000	)		(265,000	)
Amount charged against net income	$	756,000		$	960,000
Effect on basic earnings per share	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.05	)
Effect on diluted earnings per share	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.05	)

The following table summarizes information for all stock options for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020					Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding, beginning		1,029,103		$	54.87		1,058,411		$	45.17
Options granted		45,175			52.69		47,025			70.24
Options exercised		(44,363	)		36.15		(100,955	)		38.01
Options cancelled/forfeited		(12,421	)		58.98		(3,651	)		51.43
Options outstanding, ending		1,017,494		$	55.54		1,000,830		$	47.05

The following table summarizes the status of stock options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2020:

Range of Exercise Price	Number of Outstanding Options		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Outstanding Options – Weighted Average Exercise Price		Exercisable Options – Number of Exercisable Options		Exercisable Options – Weighted Average Exercise Price
$20.08 to $45.90		299,748		2.02	$	34.99		274,388	$	34.27
$45.91 to $57.75		327,027		3.29		53.95		138,692		53.86
$57.76 to $77.93		314,669		3.84		68.97		46,683		62.68
$77.94 to $88.22		76,050		5.28		87.76		—		—
Total		1,017,494		3.23	$	55.54		459,763	$	43.07

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The following table summarizes the status of all outstanding options at June 30, 2020, and changes during the three months then ended:

	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value as of June 30, 2020
Options outstanding at April 1, 2020		1,029,103		$	54.87
Granted		45,175			52.69
Exercised		(44,363	)		36.15
Cancelled – forfeited		(10,951	)		61.34
Cancelled – expired		(1,470	)		41.44
Ending outstanding		1,017,494		$	55.54		3.23	$	17,853,276
Ending vested and expected to vest		865,307		$	48.31		2.90	$	14,950,515
Ending exercisable at June 30, 2020		459,763		$	43.07		2.39	$	12,792,666

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, was $15.19 and $21.30, respectively.

Included in the above-noted stock option grants and stock compensation expense are performance-based stock options that vest only upon the Company’s achievement of certain earnings per share targets on a calendar year basis, as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.  These options were valued in the same manner as the time-based options. However, the Company only recognizes stock compensation expense to the extent that the targets are determined to be probable of being achieved, which triggers the vesting of the performance options.  The Company recognized $294,000 and $543,000 of stock compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for performance-based stock options.

Note 4 — Treasury Stock

The Company’s Board of Directors approved the commencement of a stock repurchase program in the fall of 1996.  In February 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a 1,000,000 share expansion to the Company’s existing stock repurchase program, increasing the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock approved for repurchase over the life of the program to 37,000,000 shares.  Since the commencement of the stock repurchase program, the Company has spent $534 million on the repurchase of 36,320,229 shares of its common stock, equal to 67% of the outstanding common stock had there been no repurchases.  The average price of these repurchases was $14.71 per share. These repurchases were funded primarily by the net earnings of the Company, along with proceeds from the exercise of common stock options.  Although the Company had temporarily suspended share repurchases under its stock repurchase program from March 21 through June 14, 2020, the Company repurchased 34,638 shares of its common stock for $2.4 million at an average price of $69.27 per share during the three months ended June 30, 2020 after its stock repurchase program resumed.  The Company had 17,976,583 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2020, net of the 36,320,229 shares in treasury.  During the period subsequent to the quarter ended June 30, 2020, the Company repurchased 62,903 shares of its common stock for $4.8 million at an average price of $76.11 per share under the Company’s stock repurchase program.

Note 5 — Weighted Average Shares and Net Income Per Share

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding decreased to 17,983,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from 18,524,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2019.  Diluted weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding decreased to 18,114,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from 18,787,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2019.  

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Net income per common and common equivalent share was computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common and common share equivalents outstanding during the period.  The following table sets forth the calculations of the basic and diluted weighted average common shares for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Net Income	$	8,302,000	$	13,407,000
Basic:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		17,983,000		18,524,000
Net Income per share	$	0.46	$	0.72
Diluted:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		17,983,000		18,524,000
Treasury stock impact of stock options		131,000		263,000
Total common and common equivalent shares		18,114,000		18,787,000
Net Income per share	$	0.46	$	0.71

Note 6 — Shareholder Rights Plan

During fiscal year 1997, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the adoption of a shareholder rights plan (the “Shareholder Rights Plan”). The Shareholder Rights Plan provides for a dividend distribution to the Company’s shareholders of one preferred stock purchase right for each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock held by such shareholder (as used in this Note, the “right” or the “rights”), only in the event of certain takeover-related events.  In November 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Shareholder Rights Plan to extend the expiration date of the rights to February 10, 2022.

The rights are designed to assure that all shareholders receive fair and equal treatment in the event of a proposed takeover of the Company, and to encourage a potential acquirer to negotiate with the Company’s Board of Directors prior to attempting a takeover. The rights are not exercisable until the occurrence of certain takeover-related events, at which time they can be exercised at an exercise price of $118 per share of common stock which carries the right, subject to subsequent adjustments. The rights trade with the Company’s common stock.

Generally, the Shareholder Rights Plan provides that if a person or group acquires 15% or more of the Company’s common stock without the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to certain exceptions, the holders of the rights, other than the acquiring person or group, would, under certain circumstances, have the right to purchase additional shares of the Company’s common stock having a market value equal to two times the then-current exercise price of the right.

In addition, if the Company is thereafter merged into another entity, or if 50% or more of the Company’s consolidated assets or earning power are sold, then the right will entitle its holder to buy common shares of the acquiring entity having a market value equal to two times the then-current exercise price of the right. The Company’s Board of Directors may exchange or redeem the rights under certain conditions.

Note 7 — Line of Credit

The Company’s revolving credit facility expired in September 2019, and the Company chose not to renew its line of credit agreement with a financial institution.

Note 8 — Contingencies and Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that resolution of these matters will not result in any payment that, individually or in the aggregate, would be material to the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company.

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Note 9 — Accounts and Taxes Payable and Accrued Liabilities

The following table sets forth accounts payable, income taxes payable, and accrued liabilities at June 30, 2020 and March 31, 2020:

	June 30, 2020		March 31, 2020
Accounts payable	$	12,897,000	$	15,145,000
Income taxes payable and uncertain tax positions		3,721,000		1,218,000
Total accounts and taxes payable	$	16,618,000	$	16,363,000

	June 30, 2020		March 31, 2020
Payroll, payroll taxes and employee benefits	$	25,964,000	$	26,024,000
Customer deposits		52,689,000		48,991,000
Accrued professional service fees		5,849,000		5,919,000
Self-insurance accruals		3,311,000		3,248,000
Deferred revenue		18,722,000		17,645,000
Operating lease liabilities		13,086,000		13,223,000
Other		2,296,000		2,276,000
Total accrued liabilities	$	121,917,000	$	117,326,000

Note 10 – Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception.  These lease agreements have remaining lease terms of 1 to 15 years.  The Company recognizes a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date.  The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments as of the lease commencement date. Key estimates and judgments include how the Company determines (1) the discount rate it uses to discount the unpaid lease payments to present value, (2) the lease term, and (3) lease payments.

ASC 842 requires a lessee to discount its unpaid lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, its incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company cannot determine the interest rate implicit in the lease because it does not have access to the lessor's estimated residual value or the amount of the lessor's deferred initial direct costs. Therefore, the Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for the lease. The Company's incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest it would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms. Because the Company does not generally borrow on a collateralized basis, it uses quoted interest rates obtained from financial institutions as an input to derive an appropriate incremental borrowing rate, adjusted for the amount of the lease payments, the lease term, and the effect on that rate of designating specific collateral with a value equal to the unpaid lease payments for that lease.

The Company’s lease agreements may include options to extend the lease following the initial term.  In most instances, the Company has determined that it is reasonably certain to exercise the option to renew; accordingly, these options are considered in determining the initial lease term.  The Company has elected the practical expedient of hindsight in determining the option to renew.    

For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of ASC 842, the Company has elected the practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Therefore, for those leases, the lease payments used to measure the lease liability include all of the fixed consideration in the contract.

Variable lease payments associated with the Company’s leases are recognized upon occurrence of the event, activity, or circumstance in the lease agreement on which those payments are assessed.  

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.  The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

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The components of lease expense are as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
Operating lease expense	$	3,709,000	$	4,261,000
Short-term lease expense		151,000		335,000
Variable lease expense		225,000		67,000
Total lease expenses	$	4,085,000	$	4,663,000

The following table presents the lease related assets and liabilities recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets related to its operating leases:

	June 30, 2020			March 31, 2020
Right-of-use asset, net	$	86,250,000		$	90,666,000
Short-term lease liability	$	13,086,000		$	13,223,000
Long-term lease liability		80,867,000			85,096,000
Total lease liabilities	$	93,953,000		$	98,319,000
Weighted average remaining lease term	8.13 years			8.27 years
Weighted average discount rate		4.0	%		4.0	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	3,660,000	$	3,746,000
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining ROU assets	$	99,064,000	$	101,026,000
Reductions to ROU assets resulting from reductions to operating lease liabilities	$	1,688,000	$	1,267,000

As of June 30, 2020, maturities of operating lease liabilities for each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

2021	$	11,300,000
2022		13,726,000
2023		13,774,000
2024		12,542,000
2025		12,086,000
Thereafter		47,911,000
Total lease payments		111,339,000
Less interest		(17,386,000	)
Total lease liabilities	$	93,953,000

As of June 30, 2020, the Company has approximately $13.2 million of additional operating lease commitments that have not yet commenced.  These leases commence in 2020 and have lease terms between 2 years and 10 years.

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Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This report may include certain forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including (without limitation) statements with respect to anticipated future operating and financial performance, including the impact of COVID-19, growth and acquisition opportunities and other similar forecasts and statements of expectation. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “potential,” “continue,” “strive,” “ongoing,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” and variations of these words and similar expressions, are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements made by the Company and its management are based on estimates, projections, beliefs and assumptions of management at the time of such statements and are not guarantees of future performance.

The Company disclaims any obligations to update or revise any forward-looking statement based on the occurrence of future events, the receipt of new information or otherwise. Actual future performance, outcomes, and results may differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements made by the Company and its management as a result of a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Representative examples of these factors include (without limitation) the impact of global pandemics, such as COVID-19; general industry and economic conditions, including a decreasing number of national claims due to a decreasing number of injured workers; cost of capital and capital requirements; the ability to expand certain areas of the Company’s business; competition from other managed care companies; the impact of possible cybersecurity incidents; existing and possible litigation and legal liability in the course of operations and the Company’s ability to resolve such litigation; the ability to renew and/or maintain contracts with customers on favorable terms or at all; shifts in customer demands; the ability of the Company to produce market-competitive software; changes in operating expenses including employee wages, benefits, and medical inflation; governmental and public policy changes, including but not limited to legislative and administrative law and rule implementation or change; dependence on key personnel; the continued availability of financing in the amounts and at the terms necessary to support the Company’s future business; the impact of recently issued accounting standards on the Company’s consolidated financial statements; growth in the Company’s sale of TPA services and the other risks identified in Part II, Item 1A of this report.

Overview

CorVel Corporation is an independent nationwide provider of medical cost containment and managed care services designed to address the escalating medical costs of workers’ compensation benefits, mobile insurance claims, and group health insurance benefits. The Company’s services are provided to insurance companies, third party administrators, or TPA’s, governmental entities, and self-administered employers to assist them in managing the medical costs and monitoring the quality of care associated with healthcare claims.  In November 2019, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the occupational injury and illness incidence rate for 2018 remained unchanged from the prior year. This is the first year since 2012 that the rate did not decline.  

Patient Management Services

In addition to its network solutions services, the Company offers a range of patient management services, which involve working one-on-one with injured employees and their various healthcare professionals, employers and insurance company adjusters. Patient management services include claims management and all services sold to claims management customers, case management, 24/7 nurse triage, utilization management, vocational rehabilitation, and life care planning.  The services are designed to monitor the medical necessity and appropriateness of healthcare services provided to workers’ compensation and other healthcare claimants and to expedite return to work. The Company offers these services on a stand-alone basis, or as an integrated component of its medical cost containment services.  Patient management services include the processing of claims for self-insured payors with respect to property and casualty insurance.

Network Solutions Services

The Company’s network solutions services are designed to reduce the price paid by its customers for medical services rendered in workers’ compensation cases, automobile insurance policies, and group health insurance policies. The network solutions services offered by the Company include automated medical fee auditing, preferred provider management and reimbursement services, retrospective utilization review, facility claim review, professional review, pharmacy services, directed care services, Medicare solutions, clearinghouse services, independent medical examinations, and inpatient medical bill review. Network solutions services also includes revenue from the Company’s directed care network (known as CareIQ), including imaging, physical therapy, durable medical equipment, and translation and transportation.

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Organizational Structure

The Company’s management is structured geographically with regional vice presidents who are responsible for all services provided by the Company within his or her particular region and responsible for the operating results of the Company in multiple states. These regional vice presidents have area and district managers who are also responsible for all services provided by the Company in their given area and district.

Business Enterprise Segments

The Company operates in one reportable operating segment, managed care. The Company’s services are delivered to its customers through its local offices in each region and financial information for the Company’s operations follows this service delivery model. All regions provide the Company’s patient management and network solutions services to customers.  Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 280-10, “Segment Reporting”, establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments in annual and interim consolidated financial statements. The Company’s internal financial reporting is segmented geographically, as discussed above, and managed on a geographic rather than service line basis, with virtually all of the Company’s operating revenue generated within the United States.

Under FASB ASC 280-10, two or more operating segments may be aggregated into a single operating segment for financial reporting purposes if aggregation is consistent with the objective and basic principles, if the segments have similar economic characteristics, and if the segments are similar in each of the following areas: (i) the nature of products and services; (ii) the nature of the production processes; (iii) the type or class of customer for their products and services; and (iv) the methods used to distribute their products or provide their services. The Company believes each of its regions meet these criteria as each provides similar services and products to similar customers using similar methods of production and distribution.

Because we believe we meet each of the criteria set forth above and each of our regions have similar economic characteristics, we aggregate our results of operations in one reportable operating segment, managed care.

Seasonality

While we are not directly impacted by seasonal shifts, we are affected by the change in working days in a given quarter. There are generally fewer working days for our employees to generate revenue in the third fiscal quarter due to employee vacations, inclement weather, and holidays.

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COVID-19 Pandemic

The economies of the United States and other countries around the world have rapidly contracted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The decreased level of economic activity is leading to, and is likely to continue to lead to, a decline in exposure units and rising unemployment. While the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be fully assessed at this time, the Company expects that the ongoing global economic slowdown resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows in one or more future quarters.

Through the first quarter of our fiscal year 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic had impacted our business. We implemented a 10% reduction in headcount that began in the March 2020 quarter and continued through the June 2020 quarter.  We took actions intended to protect our employees and our customers that adversely affected our results. We reduced discretionary spending, including but not limited to cutting spending in planned capital expenditures, travel, recruiting, consulting and temporary help expenses.  Additionally, we temporarily suspended share repurchase under our stock repurchase program, from March 21 through June 14, 2020.  We do not intend to apply for governmental loans to support our operations, but we are continuing to evaluate the CARES Act and is taking advantage of certain aspects of the CARES Act such as the deferral of payroll tax deposits.  The majority of our workforce continues to work from home, while being able to maintain productivity and responsiveness.   Some of our customers either closed their locations or operated at significantly diminished capacity as a result of local and national actions taken, such as stay-at-home mandates, which reduced business activity and negatively impacted sales through the first quarter of our fiscal year 2021.

The Company cannot provide any assurance that the assumptions used to estimate its liquidity requirements will remain accurate due to the unprecedented nature of the disruption to operations and the unpredictability of the COVID-19 global pandemic. As a consequence, estimates of the duration of the pandemic and the severity of the impact on future earnings and cash flows could change and have a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition. The ultimate duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows is dependent on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic, including repeat or cyclical outbreaks, and the related length of its impact on the global economy, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. Furthermore, the extent to which the Company’s mitigation efforts are successful, if at all, is not presently ascertainable. However, the Company expects that its results of operations, including revenues, in future periods will continue to be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and its negative effects on global economic conditions, which include a global recession.

Summary of Quarterly Results

The Company’s revenues decreased to $129.6 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $150.1 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $20.5 million, or 13.7%.  This decrease was due to a decline in revenues in patient management and network solutions services, primarily due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.  

Cost of revenues decreased to $103.1 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $117.0 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $13.9 million, or 11.9%.   This decrease was primarily due to the decrease of 13.7% in revenue mentioned above, in connection with which there was a decrease in salaries resulting from a decrease of 10% in field operations’ headcount.

General and administrative expense decreased to $15.6 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $15.8 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 1.1%.  This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in marketing, legal, and information technology costs offset by increases in other minor areas within general and administrative expenses.

Income tax expense decreased to $2.6 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $4.0 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.4 million, or 34.0%.  Income before income tax provision decreased to $10.9 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $17.4 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $6.5 million, or 37.2%.  The effective tax rate was 24% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 compared to 23% in the quarter ended June 30, 2019.

Diluted weighted shares decreased to 18.1 million shares in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from 18.8 million shares in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of 673,000 shares, or 3.6%, due to the weighted impact of options exercised partially offset by the weighted impact of shares repurchased.  

Diluted earnings per share decreased to $0.46 per share in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $0.71 per share in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $0.25 per share, or 35.2%. The decrease in diluted earnings per share was primarily due to a decrease in net income.

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Results of Operations for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

The Company derives its revenues from providing patient management and network solutions services to payors of workers’ compensation benefits, automobile insurance claims, and group health insurance benefits. The percentages of total revenues attributable to patient management and network solutions services for the quarters ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	June 30, 2020			June 30, 2019
Patient management services		65.8	%		66.3	%
Network solutions services		34.2	%		33.7	%

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the dollar amounts, dollar and percent changes, share changes, and the percentage of revenues represented by certain items reflected in the Company’s unaudited consolidated income statements for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company’s past operating results are not necessarily indicative of future operating results.

	Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended						Percentage
	June 30, 2020			June 30, 2019			Change			Change
Revenue	$	129,600,000		$	150,139,000		$	(20,539,000	)		(13.7	%)
Cost of revenues		103,091,000			117,005,000			(13,914,000	)		(11.9	%)
Gross profit		26,509,000			33,134,000			(6,625,000	)		(20.0	%)
Gross profit as percentage of revenue		20.5	%		22.1	%
General and administrative		15,585,000			15,752,000			(167,000	)		(1.1	%)
General and administrative as percentage of revenue		12.0	%		10.5	%
Income before income tax provision		10,924,000			17,382,000			(6,458,000	)		(37.2	%)
Income before income tax provision    as percentage of revenue		8.4	%		11.6	%
Income tax provision		2,622,000			3,975,000			(1,353,000	)		(34.0	%)
Net income	$	8,302,000		$	13,407,000		$	(5,105,000	)		(38.1	%)
Weighted Shares
Basic		17,983,000			18,524,000			(541,000	)		(2.9	%)
Diluted		18,114,000			18,787,000			(673,000	)		(3.6	%)
Earnings Per Share
Basic	$	0.46		$	0.72		$	(0.26	)		(36.1	%)
Diluted	$	0.46		$	0.71		$	(0.25	)		(35.2	%)

Revenues

Change in revenue to the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from the quarter ended June 30, 2019

Revenues decreased to $129.6 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $150.1 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $20.5 million, or 13.7%.  The decrease in revenues was primarily due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Patient management services revenues decreased to $85.2 million from $99.5 million, a decrease of 14.3%.  Network solutions services revenues decreased to $44.4 million from $50.7 million, a decrease of 12.4%.  Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and economic shutdown, the Company saw a decrease in the number of claims in both patient management and network solutions services.  New claims under patient management decreased by 23% while new claims under network solutions decreased by 35%.

Cost of Revenues

The Company’s cost of revenues consists of direct expenses, costs directly attributable to the generation of revenue, and indirect costs which are incurred to support the operations in the field offices which generate the revenue. Direct expenses primarily include (i) case manager and bill review analysts’ salaries, along with related payroll taxes and fringe benefits, and (ii) costs associated with independent medical examinations (known as IME), prescription drugs, and MRI, physical therapy, and durable medical equipment providers. Most of the Company’s revenues are generated in offices which provide both patient management services and network solutions services. The largest of the field indirect costs are (i) manager salaries and bonuses, (ii) account executive base pay and commissions, (iii) salaries of administrative and clerical support, field systems personnel and PPO network developers, along with related payroll taxes and fringe benefits, and (iv) office rent.  Approximately 38% of the costs incurred in the field are considered field indirect costs, which support both the patient management services and network solutions operations of the Company’s field operations.

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Change in cost of revenues to the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from the quarter ended June 30, 2019

Cost of revenues decreased to $103.1 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $117.0 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $13.9 million, or 11.9%. The decrease in cost of revenues was primarily due to the decrease in total revenues of 13.7%, in connection with which there was a decrease in salaries resulting from a decrease of 10% in field operations’ headcount.

General and Administrative Expense

For the quarter ended June 30, 2020, general and administrative expense consisted of approximately 52% of corporate systems costs, which include the corporate systems support, implementation and training, rules engine development, national IT strategy and planning, depreciation of hardware costs in the Company’s corporate offices and backup data center, the Company’s nationwide area network, and other systems related costs. The Company includes all IT-related costs managed by the corporate office in general and administrative expense whereas the field IT-related costs are included in the cost of revenues.  The remaining general and administrative costs consist of national marketing, national sales support, corporate legal, corporate insurance, human resources, accounting, product management, new business development, and other general corporate expenses.

Change in general and administrative expense to the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from the quarter ended June 30, 2019

General and administrative expense decreased to $15.6 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $15.8 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 1.1%. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in marketing, legal, and information technology costs offset by increases in other minor areas within general and administrative expenses.  

Income Tax Provision

Change in income tax expense to the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from the quarter ended June 30, 2019

Income tax expense decreased to $2.6 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $4.0 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.4 million, or 34.0%. Income before income tax provision decreased to $10.9 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from $17.4 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $6.5 million, or 37.2%.  The effective tax rate was 24% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 compared to 23% in the quarter ended June 30, 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company has historically funded its operations and capital expenditures primarily from cash flow from operations, and to a lesser extent, proceeds from stock option exercises. Working capital increased to $85.9 million as of June 30, 2020 from $75.3 million as of March 31, 2020, an increase of $10.6 million primarily due to an increase in cash and cash equivalents. Cash increased to $94.1 million as of June 30, 2020 from $83.2 million as of March 31, 2020, an increase of $10.9 million. This is primarily due to steps the Company took in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which included reducing its planned capital expenditures, reducing its work force, reducing compensation of highly compensated employees, and deferring the payment of certain compensation for certain employees. Additionally, the Company temporarily suspended share repurchases under its stock repurchase program, from March 21 through June 14, 2020.  The Company does not intend to apply for governmental loans to support the Company’s operations, but is continuing to evaluate the CARES Act and is taking advantage of certain aspects of the CARES Act such as the deferral of payroll tax deposits.

The Company believes that, after the steps it took in response to the COVID-19 pandemic described above, cash from operations and funds from exercises of stock options granted to employees are adequate to fund existing obligations, repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under its current stock repurchase program, introduce new services, and continue to develop the Company’s healthcare related services for at least the next twelve months. Should the Company have lower income or cash flows, it could reduce or eliminate repurchases under the stock repurchase program until earnings and cash flow have returned to comfortable levels.  The Company regularly evaluates cash requirements for current operations, commitments, capital acquisitions, and other strategic transactions. The Company may elect to raise additional funds for these purposes, through debt or equity financings or otherwise, as appropriate. However, additional equity or debt financing may not be available when needed, with terms favorable to the Company or at all.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $94.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, invested primarily in short term, interest bearing, highly liquid investment grade securities with maturities of 90 days or less.

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The Company’s revolving credit facility expired in September 2019, and the Company chose not to renew its line of credit agreement with a financial institution, as the Company deemed it was not necessary due to cash flow.  

The Company believes that the cash balance at June 30, 2020 along with anticipated internally-generated funds will be sufficient to meet the Company’s expected cash requirements for at least the next twelve months.

The Company cannot provide any assurance that the assumptions used to estimate its liquidity requirements will remain accurate due to the unprecedented nature of the disruption to operations and the unpredictability of the COVID-19 global pandemic. As a consequence, estimates of the duration of the pandemic and the severity of the impact on future earnings and cash flows could change and have a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition. The ultimate duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows is dependent on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic, including repeat or cyclical outbreaks, and the related length of its impact on the global economy, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. Furthermore, the extent to which the Company’s mitigation efforts are successful, if at all, is not presently ascertainable. However, the Company expects that its results of operations, including revenues, in future periods will continue to be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and its negative effects on global economic conditions, which include a global recession.

Operating Activities

Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to three months ended June 30, 2019

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased to $15.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $26.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $11.0 million. The decrease in cash flow from operating activities was primarily due to a decrease in net income and in accounts receivable.  Days sales outstanding (known as DSO) increased to 47 days from 41 days over the same periods due to a few customers asking for extended payment terms, but are still paying.  The Company will continue to monitor this situation closely.

Investing Activities

Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to three months ended June 30, 2019

Net cash flow used in investing activities decreased to $3.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $8.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $4.4 million.  Capital purchases were $3.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $8.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019.  This decrease was due to the Company reducing its planned capital expenditures due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Financing Activities

Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to three months ended June 30, 2019

Net cash flow used in financing activities decreased to $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $5.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $4.7 million. The decrease in net cash used in financing activities was primarily due to a decrease in spending on share repurchases to $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, when we temporarily suspended share repurchases under our stock repurchase program, from $9.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, which was offset by an increase of $1.5 million in stock option exercises.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes the Company’s contractual obligations outstanding as of June 30, 2020:

	Payments Due by Period
			Within One		Between One and		Between Three and		More than
	Total		Year		Three Years		Five Years		Five Years
Operating leases	$	127,118,000	$	12,112,000	$	29,945,000	$	27,550,000	$	57,511,000
Software licenses		3,740,000		1,870,000		1,870,000		—		—
Total	$	130,858,000	$	13,982,000	$	31,815,000	$	27,550,000	$	57,511,000

Operating leases are rents for the Company’s physical locations.

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Litigation

The Company is involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that resolution of these matters will not result in any payment that, individually or in the aggregate, would be material to the financial position or results of operations of the Company.

Inflation

The Company experiences pricing pressures in the form of competitive prices. The Company is also impacted by rising costs for certain inflation-sensitive operating expenses such as labor, employee benefits, and facility leases.  However, the Company generally does not believe these impacts are material to its revenues or net income.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company is not a party to off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by the rules of the SEC. However, from time to time the Company enters into certain types of contracts that contingently require the Company to indemnify parties against third-party claims. The contracts primarily relate to: (i) certain contracts to perform services, under which the Company may provide customary indemnification for the purchases of such services, (ii) certain real estate leases, under which the Company may be required to indemnify property owners for environmental and other liabilities, and other claims arising from the Company’s use of the applicable premises, and (iii) certain agreements with the Company’s officers, directors and employees, under which the Company may be required to indemnify such persons for liabilities arising out of certain actions taken by such persons, acting in their respective capacities within the Company.

The terms of such customary obligations vary by contract and in most instances a specific or maximum dollar amount is not explicitly stated therein. Generally, amounts under these contracts cannot be reasonably estimated until a specific claim is asserted. Consequently, no material liabilities have been recorded for these obligations on the Company’s balance sheets for any of the periods presented.

Critical Accounting Policies

The SEC defines critical accounting policies as those that require application of management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods.

The Company’s significant accounting policies which have the greatest potential impact on its financial statements are more fully described in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on June 10, 2020. No changes in critical accounting policies have been made since the filing of that Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional information related to adoption of accounting standards is provided in Notes 1 and 10 to the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.  In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), with no need for management’s judgment in their application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting an available alternative would not produce a materially different result.  Actual results could differ from the estimates we use in applying our critical accounting policies.  We are not currently aware of any reasonably likely events or circumstances that would result in materially different amounts being reported.

Recent Accounting Standards Update

See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements.

Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

As of June 30, 2020, the Company held no market risk sensitive instruments for trading purposes, and the Company did not employ any derivative financial instruments, other financial instruments, or derivative commodity instruments to hedge any market risk. The Company had no debt outstanding as of June 30, 2020, and therefore, had no market risk related to debt.

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Item 4 – Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report.  Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by us under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal accounting officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting  (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the three months ended June 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 – Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that resolution of these matters will not result in any payment that, individually or in the aggregate, would be material consolidated to the financial position or results of operations of the Company.

Item 1A – Risk Factors

A restated description of the risk factors associated with our business is set forth below.  This description includes any and all changes (whether or not material) to, and supersedes, the description of the risk factors associated with our business previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on June 10, 2020.

Past financial performance is not necessarily a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors in our common stock should not use historical performance to anticipate results or future period trends. Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Investors should consider carefully the following risk factors, as well as the other information in this report and our other filings with the SEC, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, before deciding whether to invest or maintain an investment in shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would suffer. In this case, the trading price of our common stock would likely decline. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks that we currently do not know about or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business operations.

Our results of operations have been adversely affected and could in the future be materially adversely affected by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic.

The global spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus has created significant volatility, uncertainty, unemployment and economic disruption. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict, including:

• the duration and scope of the pandemic;

• governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic;

• the impact of the pandemic on economic activity and actions taken in response;

• the effect on our customers and customer demand for our services and solutions, that could cause a reduction in revenue;

• our ability to sell and provide our services and solutions, including as a result of travel restrictions and employees working from home and widespread unemployment;

• the ability of our customers to pay for our services and solutions;

• the impact on our third party vendors;

• any closures of our, and our customers’ and providers’ offices and facilities, and

• any restrictions on our ability to provide services at a claim site or the location of a claimant whether for purposes of evaluating the claim or delivering services.

The closure of offices or restrictions inhibiting our employees’ ability to travel or interact with claimants and access claim sites, has disrupted, and could in the future disrupt our ability to provide our services and solutions to our customers.  In addition, widespread unemployment has resulted in fewer doctor visits and fewer workers’ compensation and general liability claims.  The majority of our workforce continues to work from home, which in the long run could have an impact on our level of service.  This may result in, among other things, decreased demand for our services, terminations of customer contracts, delays in our ability to perform services, an altering of the mix of services requested by customers and claimants, and other losses of revenue. Customers may also slow down decision making, delay planned work or seek to terminate existing agreements. Any of these events could cause or contribute to the risks and uncertainties enumerated in this report and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or stock price.

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Our sequential revenue may not increase and may decline. As a result, we may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of investors or analysts which could cause our common stock price to decline.

Our sequential revenue growth may not increase and may decline in the future as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. If changes in our sequential revenue fall below the expectations of investors or analysts, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Fluctuations or declines in sequential revenue growth may be due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, those listed below and identified throughout this “Risk Factors” section: the decline in manufacturing employment, the decline in workers’ compensation claims, the decline in healthcare expenditures, the considerable price competition in a flat-to-declining workers’ compensation market, litigation, the increase in competition, and the changes and the potential changes in state workers’ compensation and automobile-managed care laws which can reduce demand for our services. These factors create an environment where revenue and margin growth is more difficult to attain and where revenue growth is less certain than historically experienced. Additionally, our technology and preferred provider network face competition from companies that have more resources available to them than we do. Also, some customers may handle their managed care services in-house and may reduce the amount of services which are outsourced to managed care companies such as us. These factors could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially. There can be no assurance that our growth rate in the future, if any, will be at or near historical levels.

Natural and other disasters may adversely affect our business.

We may be vulnerable to damage from severe weather conditions or natural disasters, including hurricanes, fires, floods, earthquakes, power loss, communications failures, and similar events, including the effects of pandemics, war or acts of terrorism.  If a disaster were to occur, our ability to operate our business could be seriously or completely impaired or destroyed. The insurance we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses resulting from disasters or other business interruptions.

The rapid and widespread transmission of COVID-19 coronavirus beginning in late 2019 impacts us in significant ways.  To mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 disease, we implemented travel restrictions and remote working arrangements for most of our employees in order to minimize physical contact. These measures might not fully mitigate COVID-19 risks to our workforce and we could experience unusual levels of absenteeism that might impair operations. The pandemic reduces demand for some products due to delays or cancellations of elective medical procedures, consumer self-isolation, widespread unemployment and business closures, among other reasons. The ongoing impacts of the pandemic might cause a prolonged general economic slowdown or recession in one or more markets, disruptions and volatility in global capital markets and other broad and adverse effects on the economy, business conditions, commercial activity and the healthcare industry.  The pandemic might impact our business operation, financial position and results of operation in unpredictable ways that depend on highly-uncertain future developments, such as determining the effectiveness of current or future government actions to address the public health or economic impacts of the pandemic.  Any of these risks might have a materially adverse effect on our business operations and our financial position or results of operations.

If we fail to grow our business internally or through strategic acquisitions we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service, or adequately address competitive challenges.

Our strategy is to continue internal growth and, as strategic opportunities arise in the workers’ compensation managed care industry, to consider acquisitions of, or relationships with, other companies in related lines of business. As a result, we are subject to certain growth-related risks, including the risk that we will be unable to retain personnel or acquire other resources necessary to service such growth adequately. Expenses arising from our efforts to increase our market penetration may have a negative impact on operating results. In addition, there can be no assurance that any suitable opportunities for strategic acquisitions or relationships will arise or, if they do arise, that the transactions contemplated could be completed. If such a transaction does occur, there can be no assurance that we will be able to integrate effectively any acquired business. In addition, any such transaction would be subject to various risks associated with the acquisition of businesses, including, but not limited to, the following:

• an acquisition may (i) negatively impact our results of operations because it may require incurring large one-time charges, substantial debt or liabilities; (ii) require the amortization or write down of amounts related to deferred compensation, goodwill and other intangible assets; or (iii) cause adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation or deferred compensation charges;

• we may encounter difficulties in assimilating and integrating the business, technologies, products, services, personnel, or operations of companies that are acquired, particularly if key personnel of the acquired company decide not to work for us;

• an acquisition may disrupt ongoing business, divert resources, increase expenses, and distract management;

• the acquired businesses, products, services, or technologies may not generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition costs;

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• we may have to issue equity or debt securities to complete an acquisition, which would dilute the position of stockholders and could adversely affect the market price of our common stock; and

• the acquisitions may involve the entry into a geographic or business market in which we have little or no prior experience.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to identify or consummate any future acquisitions or other strategic relationships on favorable terms, or at all, or that any future acquisition or other strategic relationship will not have an adverse impact on our business or results of operations. If suitable opportunities arise, we may finance such transactions, as well as internal growth, through debt or equity financing. There can be no assurance, however, that such debt or equity financing would be available to us on acceptable terms when, and if, suitable strategic opportunities arise.

If we are unable to increase our market share among national and regional insurance carriers and large, self-funded employers, our results may be adversely affected.

Our business strategy and future success depend in part on our ability to capture market share with our cost containment services as national and regional insurance carriers and large, self-funded employers look for ways to achieve cost savings. There can be no assurance that we will successfully market our services to these insurance carriers and employers or that they will not resort to other means to achieve cost savings. Additionally, our ability to capture additional market share may be adversely affected by the decision of potential customers to perform services internally instead of outsourcing the provision of such services to us. Furthermore, we may not be able to demonstrate sufficient cost savings to potential or current customers to induce them not to provide comparable services internally or to accelerate efforts to provide such services internally.

If competition increases, our growth and profits may decline.

The markets for our network services and patient management services are fragmented and competitive. Our competitors include national managed care providers, preferred provider networks, smaller independent providers, and insurance companies. Companies that offer one or more workers’ compensation managed care services on a national basis are our primary competitors. We also compete with many smaller vendors who generally provide unbundled services on a local level, particularly companies with an established relationship with a local insurance company adjuster. In addition, several large workers’ compensation insurance carriers offer managed care services for their customers, either by performance of the services in-house or by outsourcing to organizations like ours. If these carriers increase their performance of these services in-house, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, consolidation in the industry may result in carriers performing more of such services in-house.

A cybersecurity attack or other disruption to our information technology systems could result in the loss, theft, misuse, unauthorized disclosure, or unauthorized access of customer or sensitive company information or could disrupt our operations, which could damage our relationships with customers or employees, expose us to litigation or regulatory proceedings, or harm our reputation, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We rely on information technology to support our business activities. Our business involves the storage and transmission of a significant amount of personal, confidential, or sensitive information, including the personal information of our customers and employees, and our company’s financial, operational and strategic information. As with many businesses, we are subject to numerous data privacy and security risks, which may prevent us from maintaining the privacy of this information, result in the disruption of our business and online systems, and require us to expend significant resources attempting to secure and protect such information and respond to incidents, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. The loss, theft, misuse, unauthorized disclosure, or unauthorized access of such information could lead to significant reputational or competitive harm, result in litigation or regulatory proceedings, or cause us to incur substantial liabilities, fines, penalties or expenses.

Cybersecurity breaches of any of the systems on which we rely may result from circumvention of security systems, denial-of-service attacks or other cyber-attacks, hacking, “phishing” attacks, computer viruses, ransomware, malware, employee or insider error, malfeasance, social engineering, physical breaches or other actions. According to media reports, the frequency, intensity, and sophistication of cyber-attacks, ransomware attacks, and other data security incidents generally has significantly increased around the globe in recent years. As with many other businesses, we have experienced, and are continually at risk of being subject to, attacks and incidents, including cybersecurity breaches such as computer viruses, unauthorized parties gaining access to our information technology systems and similar incidents. Cybersecurity breaches could cause us, and in some cases, materially, to experience reputational harm, loss of customers, loss and/or delay of revenue, loss of proprietary data, loss of licenses, regulatory actions and scrutiny, sanctions or other statutory penalties, litigation, liability for failure to safeguard customers’ information, financial losses or a drop in our stock price.  We have invested in and continue to expend significant resources on information technology and data security tools, measures, processes, initiatives, policies and employee training designed to protect our information technology systems, as well as the personal, confidential or sensitive information stored on or transmitted through those systems, and to ensure an effective response to any cyber-attack or data security incident. These expenditures could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations, and divert management’s attention from pursuing our strategic objectives. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing, maintaining and enhancing further system protective measures could increase significantly as cybersecurity threats increase, and there can be no assurance that the security measures we employ will effectively prevent cybersecurity breaches or otherwise prevent unauthorized persons from obtaining access to our systems and information.

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As these threats evolve, cybersecurity incidents could be more difficult to detect, defend against, and remediate. Cyber-attacks or data incidents could remain undetected for some period, which could potentially result in significant harm to our systems, as well as unauthorized access to the information stored on and transmitted by our systems. Further, despite our security efforts and training, our employees may purposefully or inadvertently cause security breaches that could harm our systems or result in the unauthorized disclosure of or access to information. Any measures we do take to prevent security breaches, whether caused by employees or third parties, could have the potential to harm relationships with our customers or restrict our ability to meet our customers' expectations.

If a cyber-attack or other data incident results in the loss, theft, misuse, unauthorized disclosure, or unauthorized access of personal, confidential, or sensitive information belonging to our customers or employees, it could put us at a competitive disadvantage, result in the deterioration of our customers’ confidence in our services, cause our customers to reconsider their relationship with our company or impose more onerous contractual provisions, cause us to lose our regulatory licenses, and subject us to potential litigation, liability, fines and penalties. For example, we could be subject to regulatory or other actions pursuant to privacy laws. This could result in costly investigations and litigation, civil or criminal penalties, operational changes and negative publicity that could adversely affect our reputation, as well as our results of operations and financial condition.

A cyber-attack or other data security incident could result in the significant and protracted disruption of our business such that:

• critical business systems become inoperable or require a significant amount of time or cost to restore;

• key personnel are unable to perform their duties or communicate with employees, customers or other third-parties;

• it results in the loss, theft, misuse, unauthorized disclosure, or unauthorized access of customer or company information;

• we are prevented from accessing information necessary to conduct our business;

• we are required to make unanticipated investments in equipment, technology or security measures;

• customers cannot access our websites and online systems; or

• we become subject to other unanticipated liabilities, costs, or claims.

Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and result in harm to our reputation.  While we maintain insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions, cover certain aspects of the losses and costs associated with cyber-attacks and data incidents, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses and would not, in any event, remedy damage to our reputation. In addition, we may face difficulties in recovering any losses from our provider and any losses we recover may be lower than we initially expect.

The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile, which could result in rapid and substantial losses for our stockholders.

The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur.  The stock market has in the past experienced price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected companies in the healthcare and managed care markets resulting in changes in the market price of the stock of many companies, which may not have been directly related to the operating performance of those companies.  There can be no assurance that the market price of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future.

We cannot assure our stockholders that our stock repurchase program will enhance long-term stockholder value and stock repurchases, if any, could increase the volatility of the price of our common stock and will diminish our cash reserves.

In 1996, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program and, since then, has periodically increased the number of shares authorized for repurchase under the repurchase program.  The most recent increase occurred in February 2019 and brought the number of shares authorized for repurchase over the life of the program to 37,000,000 shares. There is no expiration date for the repurchase program. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased, if any, depend on a variety of factors including the timing of open trading windows, price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other market conditions. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. Repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program could affect our stock price and increase its volatility. The existence of a stock repurchase program could also cause our stock price to be higher than it would be in the absence of such a program and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our stock. Additionally, repurchases under our stock repurchase program will diminish our cash reserves, which could strain our liquidity, could impact our ability to pursue possible future strategic opportunities and acquisitions and could result in lower overall returns on our cash balances. There can be no assurance that any further stock repurchases will enhance stockholder value because the market price of our common stock may decline below the levels at which we repurchased shares of stock. Although our stock repurchase program is intended to enhance long-term stockholder value, short-term stock price fluctuations could reduce the program’s effectiveness.

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If the referrals for our patient management services decline, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

In some years, we have experienced a general decline in the revenue and operating performance of patient management services. We believe that the performance decline has been due to the following factors: the decrease of the number of workplace injuries that have become longer-term disability cases; increased regional and local competition from providers of managed care services; a possible reduction by insurers on the types of services provided by our patient management business; the closure of offices and continuing consolidation of our patient management operations; and employee turnover, including management personnel, in our patient management business. In the past, these factors have all contributed to the lowering of our long-term outlook for our patient management services. If some or all of these conditions continue, we believe that revenues from our patient management services could decrease.

Declines in workers’ compensation claims may materially harm our results of operations.

Within the past few years, as the labor market has become less labor intensive and more service oriented, there are flat-to-declining work-related injuries.  Additionally, employers are being more proactive to prevent injuries.  If declines in workers’ compensation costs occur in many states and persist over the long-term, it would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We provide an outsource service to payors of workers’ compensation benefits, automobile insurance claims, and group health insurance benefits. These payors include insurance companies, TPAs, municipalities, state funds, and self-insured, self-administered employers. If these payors reduce the amount of work they outsource, our results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

The decline in economic activity caused by COVID-19 has already adversely affected, and in future periods, could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.  Continued reductions in our customers’ exposure units (such as headcount, payroll, properties, the market values of their assets, plant and equipment, and other asset utilization levels, among other factors) will reduce the amount of claims administration services they need.  In addition, with unprecedented levels of unemployment and business closures, the number of newly arising workers’ compensation and general liability claims, which directly impact our fee revenues in our risk management operation, have declined.  The decline in economic activity due to COVID-19 has caused some of our customers to become financially less stable, and if this trend continues and customers enter bankruptcy, liquidate their operations or consolidate, our revenues and the collectability of our receivables will be adversely affected.

Healthcare providers are becoming increasingly resistant to the application of certain healthcare cost containment techniques; this may cause revenue from our cost containment operations to decrease.

Healthcare providers have become more active in their efforts to minimize the use of certain cost containment techniques and are engaging in litigation to avoid application of certain cost containment practices. Recent litigation between healthcare providers and insurers has challenged certain insurers’ claims adjudication and reimbursement decisions. These cases may affect the use by insurers of certain cost containment services that we provide and may result in a decrease in revenue from our cost containment business.

Our failure to compete successfully could make it difficult for us to add and retain customers and could reduce or impede the growth of our business.

We face competition from PPOs, TPAs, and other managed healthcare companies. We believe that as managed care techniques continue to gain acceptance in the workers’ compensation marketplace, our competitors will increasingly consist of nationally-focused workers’ compensation managed care service companies, insurance companies, HMOs and other significant providers of managed care products. Legislative reform in some states has been considered, but not enacted to permit employers to designate health plans such as HMOs and PPOs to cover workers’ compensation claimants. Because many health plans have the ability to manage medical costs for workers’ compensation claimants, such legislation may intensify competition in the markets served by us. Many of our current and potential competitors are significantly larger and have greater financial and marketing resources than we do, and there can be no assurance that we will continue to maintain our existing customers, maintain our past level of operating performance, or be successful with any new products or in any new geographical markets we may enter.

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A breach of security may cause our customers to curtail or stop using our services.

We rely largely on our own security systems, confidentiality procedures, and employee nondisclosure agreements to maintain the privacy and security of our and our customers’ proprietary information. Accidental or willful security breaches or other unauthorized access by third parties to our information systems, the existence of computer viruses in our data or software, and misappropriation of our proprietary information could expose us to a risk of information loss, litigation, and other possible liabilities which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. If security measures are breached because of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance, or otherwise, or if design flaws in our software are exposed and exploited, and, as a result, a third party obtains unauthorized access to any customer data, our relationships with our customers and our reputation will be damaged, our business may suffer, and we could incur significant liability. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures.

Exposure to possible litigation and legal liability may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We, through our utilization management services, make recommendations concerning the appropriateness of providers’ medical treatment plans for patients throughout the country, and as a result, could be exposed to claims for adverse medical consequences. We do not grant or deny claims for payment of benefits and we do not believe that we engage in the practice of medicine or the delivery of medical services. There can be no assurance, however, that we will not be subject to claims or litigation related to the authorization or denial of claims for payment of benefits or allegations that we engage in the practice of medicine or the delivery of medical services.

In addition, there can be no assurance that we will not be subject to other litigation that may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, including but not limited to being joined in litigation brought against our customers in the managed care industry. We maintain professional liability insurance and such other coverages as we believe are reasonable in light of our experience to date. If such insurance is insufficient or unavailable in the future at reasonable cost to protect us from liability, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be adversely affected.

If lawsuits against us are successful, we may incur significant liabilities.

We provide to insurers and other payors of healthcare costs managed care programs that utilize preferred provider organizations and computerized bill review programs. Healthcare providers have brought, against us and our customers, individual and class action lawsuits challenging such programs. If such lawsuits are successful, we may incur significant liabilities.

We make recommendations about the appropriateness of providers’ proposed medical treatment plans for patients throughout the country. As a result, we could be subject to claims arising from any adverse medical consequences. Although plaintiffs have not, to date, subjected us to any claims or litigation relating to the granting or denial of claims for payment of benefits or allegations that we engage in the practice of medicine or the delivery of medical services, we cannot assure you that plaintiffs will not make such claims in future litigation. We also cannot assure you that our insurance will provide sufficient coverage or that insurance companies will make insurance available at a reasonable cost to protect us from significant future liability.

If the utilization by healthcare payors of early intervention services continues to increase, the revenue from our later-stage network and healthcare management services could be negatively affected.

The performance of early intervention services, including injury occupational healthcare, first notice of loss, and telephonic case management services, often result in a decrease in the average length of, and the total costs associated with, a healthcare claim. By successfully intervening at an early stage in a claim, the need for additional cost containment services for that claim often can be reduced or even eliminated. As healthcare payors continue to increase their utilization of early intervention services, the revenue from our later stage network and healthcare management services will decrease.

An interruption in our ability to access critical data may cause customers to cancel their service and/or may reduce our ability to effectively compete.

Certain aspects of our business are dependent upon our ability to store, retrieve, process, and manage data and to maintain and upgrade our data processing capabilities. Interruption of data processing capabilities for any extended length of time, loss of stored data, programming errors or other system failures could cause customers to cancel their service and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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In addition, we expect that a considerable amount of our future growth will depend on our ability to process and manage claims data more efficiently and to provide more meaningful healthcare information to customers and payors of healthcare. There can be no assurance that our current data processing capabilities will be adequate for our future growth, that we will be able to efficiently upgrade our systems to meet future demands, or that we will be able to develop, license or otherwise acquire software to address these market demands as well or as timely as our competitors.

We face competition for staffing, which may increase our labor costs and reduce profitability.

We compete with other healthcare providers in recruiting qualified management and staff personnel for the day-to-day operations of our business, including nurses and other case management professionals. In some markets, the scarcity of nurses and other medical support personnel has become a significant operating issue to healthcare providers. This shortage may require us to enhance wages to recruit and retain qualified nurses and other healthcare professionals. Our failure to recruit and retain qualified management, nurses, and other healthcare professionals, or to control labor costs could have a material adverse effect on profitability.

The increased costs of professional and general liability insurance may have an adverse effect on our profitability.

The cost of commercial professional and general liability insurance coverage has risen significantly in the past several years, and this trend may continue. In addition, if we were to suffer a material loss, our costs may increase over and above the general increases in the industry. If the costs associated with insuring our business continue to increase, it may adversely affect our business. We believe our current level of insurance coverage is adequate for a company of our size engaged in our business.  Additionally, we may have difficulty getting carriers to pay under coverage in certain circumstances.

Sustained increases in the cost of our employee benefits could materially reduce our profitability.

The cost of our current employees’ medical and other benefits substantially affects our profitability. In the past, we have occasionally experienced significant increases in these costs as a result of macro-economic factors beyond our control, including increases in healthcare costs.  There can be no assurance that we will succeed in limiting future cost increases, and continued upward pressure in these costs could materially reduce our profitability.

Changes in government regulations could increase our costs of operations and/or reduce the demand for our services.

Many states, including a number of those in which we transact business, have licensing and other regulatory requirements applicable to our business. Approximately half of the states have enacted laws that require licensing of businesses which provide medical review services such as ours. Some of these laws apply to medical review of care covered by workers’ compensation. These laws typically establish minimum standards for qualifications of personnel, confidentiality, internal quality control, and dispute resolution procedures. These regulatory programs may result in increased costs of operation for us, which may have an adverse impact upon our ability to compete with other available alternatives for healthcare cost control. In addition, new laws regulating the operation of managed care provider networks have been adopted by a number of states. These laws may apply to managed care provider networks we have contracts with or to provider networks which we may organize. To the extent we are governed by these regulations, we may be subject to additional licensing requirements, financial and operational oversight and procedural standards for beneficiaries and providers.

Regulation in the healthcare and workers’ compensation fields is constantly evolving. We are unable to predict what additional government initiatives, if any, affecting our business may be promulgated in the future. Our business may be adversely affected by failure to comply with existing laws and regulations, failure to obtain necessary licenses and government approvals, or failure to adapt to new or modified regulatory requirements. Proposals for healthcare legislative reforms are regularly considered at the federal and state levels. To the extent that such proposals affect workers’ compensation, such proposals may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In addition, changes in workers’ compensation, automobile insurance, and group healthcare laws or regulations may reduce demand for our services, require us to develop new or modified services to meet the demands of the marketplace, or reduce the fees that we may charge for our services.

The introduction of software products incorporating new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards could render our existing software products less competitive, obsolete, or unmarketable.

There can be no assurance that we will be successful in developing and marketing new software products that respond to technological changes or evolving industry standards. If we are unable, for technological or other reasons, to develop and introduce new software products cost-effectively, in a timely manner and in response to changing market conditions or customer requirements, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected.

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Developing or implementing new or updated software products and services may take longer and cost more than expected. We rely on a combination of internal development, strategic relationships, licensing and acquisitions to develop our software products and services. The cost of developing new healthcare information services and technology solutions is inherently difficult to estimate. Our development and implementation of proposed software products and services may take longer than originally expected, require more testing than originally anticipated and require the acquisition of additional personnel and other resources. If we are unable to develop new or updated software products and services cost-effectively on a timely basis and implement them without significant disruptions to the existing systems and processes of our customers, we may lose potential sales and harm our relationships with current or potential customers.

The failure to attract and retain qualified or key personnel may prevent us from effectively developing, marketing, selling, integrating, and supporting our services.

We are dependent, to a substantial extent, upon the continuing efforts and abilities of certain key management personnel. In addition, we face competition for experienced employees with professional expertise in the workers’ compensation managed care area. The loss of key personnel, especially V. Gordon Clemons, our Chairman, and Michael Combs, our Chief Executive Officer and President, or the inability to attract qualified employees, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we lose several customers in a short period, our results may be materially adversely affected.

Our results may decline if we lose several customers during a short period. Most of our customer contracts permit either party to terminate without cause. If several customers terminate, or do not renew or extend their contracts with us, our results could be materially and adversely affected. Many organizations in the insurance industry have consolidated and this could result in the loss of one or more of our customers through a merger or acquisition. Additionally, we could lose customers due to competitive pricing pressures or other reasons.

We are subject to risks associated with acquisitions of intangible assets.

Our acquisition of other businesses may result in significant increases in our intangible assets and goodwill. We regularly evaluate whether events and circumstances have occurred indicating that any portion of our intangible assets and goodwill may not be recoverable. When factors indicate that intangible assets and goodwill should be evaluated for possible impairment, we may be required to reduce the carrying value of these assets. We cannot currently estimate the timing and amount of any such charges.

If we are unable to leverage our information systems to enhance our outcome-driven service model, our results may be adversely affected.

To leverage our knowledge of workplace injuries, treatment protocols, outcomes data, and complex regulatory provisions related to the workers’ compensation market, we must continue to implement and enhance information systems that can analyze our data related to the workers’ compensation industry. We frequently upgrade existing operating systems and are updating other information systems that we rely upon in providing our services and financial reporting. We have detailed implementation schedules for these projects that require extensive involvement from our operational, technological, and financial personnel. Delays or other problems we might encounter in implementing these projects could adversely affect our ability to deliver streamlined patient care and outcome reporting to our customers.

Our Internet-based services are dependent on the development and maintenance of the Internet infrastructure.

The Internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of damages to portions of its infrastructure, and it could face outages and delays in the future. These outages and delays could reduce the level of Internet usage, as well as the availability of the Internet to us for delivery of our Internet-based services. In addition, our customers who use our Web-based services depend on Internet service providers, online service providers, and other website operators for access to our website. All of these providers have experienced significant outages in the past and could experience outages, delays, and other difficulties in the future due to system failures unrelated to our systems. Any significant interruptions in our services or increases in response time could result in a loss of potential or existing users, and, if sustained or repeated, could reduce the attractiveness of our services.

We are sensitive to regional weather conditions that may adversely affect our operations.

Our operations are directly affected in the short term by the weather conditions in certain regions of operation. Therefore our business is sensitive to the weather conditions of these regions. Unusually inclement weather, including significant rain, snow, sleet, freezing rain, or ice can temporarily affect our operations if customers are forced to close operational centers.  Accordingly, our operating results may vary from quarter to quarter, depending on the impact of these weather conditions.

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Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no sales of unregistered equity securities during the period covered by this report. The following table sets forth the repurchases of the Company’s common stock made by or on behalf of the Company in open-market transactions for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 pursuant to its publicly announced stock repurchase plan.

					Total Number of
					Shares Purchased		Maximum Number
					as Part of Publicly		of Shares that may
	Total Number of		Average Price Paid		Announced		yet be Purchased
Period	Shares Purchased		Per Share		Program		Under the Program
April 1 to April 30, 2020		—	$	—		—		714,409
May 1 to May 31, 2020		—	$	—		—		714,409
June 1 to June 30, 2020		34,638	$	69.24		34,638		679,771
Total		34,638	$	69.24		34,638		679,771

In 1996, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program for up to 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company’s Board of Directors has periodically increased the number of shares authorized for repurchase under the repurchase program.  The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized up to 37,000,000 shares of common stock to be repurchased over the life of the program. There is no expiration date for the repurchase program.  Although the Company had temporarily suspended share repurchases under its stock repurchase program from March 21 through June 14, 2020, the Company repurchased 34,638 shares of its common stock for $2.4 million at an average price of $69.27 per share during the three months ended June 30, 2020 after its stock repurchase program resumed.  As of June 30, 2020, the Company had repurchased 36,320,229 shares of its common stock over the life of the program.

Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities – None.

Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures – Not applicable.

Item 5 – Other Information – None.

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Item 6 – Exhibits

3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company.
31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
32.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

CORVEL CORPORATION
By:	/s/ Michael G. Combs
Michael G. Combs, Chief Executive Officer and President
By:	/s/ Brandon T. O’Brien
Brandon T. O’Brien,
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

August 6, 2020

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