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Fair Value Measurements - Financial Instruments Excluding Guaranteed Living Benefits
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements - Financial Instruments Excluding Guaranteed Living Benefits
4. Fair Value Measurements — Financial Instruments Excluding Guaranteed Living Benefits
The following financial instruments are carried at fair value in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements: fixed maturity and equity securities, available-for-sale (“AFS”); fixed maturities at fair value using fair value option (“FVO”); equity securities, trading; short-term investments; freestanding and embedded derivatives; separate account assets; and certain other liabilities.
The following section and Note 4a apply the fair value hierarchy and disclosure requirements for the Company’s financial instruments that are carried at fair value. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs in the valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad Levels (Level 1, 2 or 3).
Level 1   
Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 securities include highly liquid U.S. Treasuries, money market funds and exchange traded equity securities, open-ended mutual funds reported in separate account assets and derivative securities, including futures and certain option contracts.
 
Level 2   
Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, for the asset or liability or prices for similar assets and liabilities. Most fixed maturities and preferred stocks, including those reported in separate account assets, are model priced by vendors using observable inputs and are classified within Level 2. Also included in the Level 2 category are exchange traded equity securities, investment grade private placement securities and derivative instruments that are priced using models with significant observable market inputs, including interest rate, foreign currency and certain credit default swap contracts and have no significant unobservable market inputs.
 
Level 3    
Valuations that are derived from techniques in which one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable (including assumptions about risk). Level 3 securities include less liquid securities such as lower quality asset-backed securities (“ABS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), commercial real estate (“CRE”) collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) primarily backed by below-prime loans and below investment grade private placement securities. Also included in Level 3 are guaranteed product embedded and reinsurance derivatives and other complex derivative securities, including customized guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit (“GMWB”) hedging derivatives (see Note 4a for further information on GMWB product related financial instruments), equity derivatives, long dated derivatives, swaps with optionality, certain complex credit derivatives and certain other liabilities. Because Level 3 fair values, by their nature, contain one or more significant unobservable inputs as there is little or no observable market for these assets and liabilities, considerable judgment is used to determine the Level 3 fair values. Level 3 fair values represent the Company’s best estimate of an amount that could be realized in a current market exchange absent actual market exchanges.
In many situations, inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or liability position may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In these situations, the Company will determine the level in which the fair value falls based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the determination of the fair value. Transfers of securities among the levels occur at the beginning of the reporting period. Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. In most cases, both observable (e.g., changes in interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in risk assumptions) inputs are used in the determination of fair values that the Company has classified within Level 3. Consequently, these values and the related gains and losses are based upon both observable and unobservable inputs. The Company’s fixed maturities included in Level 3 are classified as such as they are primarily priced by independent brokers and/or within illiquid markets.
These disclosures provide information as to the extent to which the Company uses fair value to measure financial instruments and information about the inputs used to value those financial instruments to allow users to assess the relative reliability of the measurements. The following tables present assets and (liabilities) carried at fair value by hierarchy level, excluding those related to the Company’s living benefits and associated hedging programs, which are reported in Note 4a.
                                 
    June 30, 2011  
            Quoted Prices              
            in Active     Significant     Significant  
            Markets for     Observable     Unobservable  
            Identical Assets     Inputs     Inputs  
    Total     (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)  
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
                               
Fixed maturities, AFS
                               
ABS
  $ 3,297     $     $ 2,845     $ 452  
CDOs
    2,575                   2,575  
CMBS
    7,277             6,623       654  
Corporate
    41,629             39,519       2,110  
Foreign government/government agencies
    1,864             1,813       51  
States, municipalities and political subdivisions (“Municipal”)
    12,781             12,501       280  
RMBS
    5,214             4,100       1,114  
U.S. Treasuries
    3,495       411       3,084        
 
                       
Total fixed maturities, AFS
    78,132       411       70,485       7,236  
Fixed maturities, FVO
    1,227             671       556  
Equity securities, trading
    32,278       2,227       30,051        
Equity securities, AFS
    1,081       377       604       100  
Derivative assets
                               
Credit derivatives
    (3 )           (17 )     14  
Equity derivatives
    3                   3  
Foreign exchange derivatives
    428             428        
Interest rate derivatives
    23             (25 )     48  
Other derivative contracts
    30                   30  
 
                       
Total derivative assets [1]
    481             386       95  
Short-term investments
    8,861       327       8,534        
Separate account assets [2]
    153,140       116,044       36,028       1,068  
 
                       
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
  $ 275,200     $ 119,386     $ 146,759     $ 9,055  
 
                       
Percentage of level to total
    100 %     43 %     54 %     3 %
 
                       
 
                               
Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
                               
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable
                               
Equity linked notes
  $ (10 )   $     $     $ (10 )
Derivative liabilities
                               
Credit derivatives
    (478 )           (62 )     (416 )
Equity derivatives
    3                   3  
Foreign exchange derivatives
    214             214        
Interest rate derivatives
    (254 )           (213 )     (41 )
 
                       
Total derivative liabilities [3]
    (515 )           (61 )     (454 )
Other liabilities
    (44 )                 (44 )
Consumer notes [4]
    (4 )                 (4 )
 
                       
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
  $ (573 )   $     $ (61 )   $ (512 )
 
                       
     
[1]  
Includes over-the-counter derivative instruments in a net asset value position which may require the counterparty to pledge collateral to the Company. As of June 30, 2011, $410 of a cash collateral liability was netted against the derivative asset value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and is excluded from the table above. See footnote 3 below for derivative liabilities.
 
[2]  
As of June 30, 2011, excludes approximately $4 billion of investment sales receivable that are not subject to fair value accounting.
 
[3]  
Includes over-the-counter derivative instruments in a net negative market value position (derivative liability). In the Level 3 roll-forward table included below in this Note 4, the derivative asset and liability are referred to as “freestanding derivatives” and are presented on a net basis.
 
[4]  
Represents embedded derivatives associated with non-funding agreement-backed consumer equity linked notes.
                                 
    December 31, 2010  
            Quoted Prices in              
            Active Markets     Significant     Significant  
            for Identical     Observable     Unobservable  
            Assets     Inputs     Inputs  
    Total     (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)  
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
                               
Fixed maturities, AFS
                               
ABS
  $ 2,889     $     $ 2,412     $ 477  
CDOs
    2,611             30       2,581  
CMBS
    7,917             7,228       689  
Corporate
    39,884             37,755       2,129  
Foreign government/government agencies
    1,683             1,627       56  
Municipal
    12,124             11,852       272  
RMBS
    5,683             4,398       1,285  
U.S. Treasuries
    5,029       434       4,595        
 
                       
Total fixed maturities, AFS
    77,820       434       69,897       7,489  
Fixed maturities, FVO
    649             127       522  
Equity securities, trading
    32,820       2,279       30,541        
Equity securities, AFS
    973       298       521       154  
Derivative assets
                               
Credit derivatives
    3             (18 )     21  
Equity derivatives
    2                   2  
Foreign exchange derivatives
    868             868        
Interest rate derivatives
    (106 )           (70 )     (36 )
Other derivative contracts
    32                   32  
 
                       
Total derivative assets [1]
    799             780       19  
Short-term investments
    8,528       541       7,987        
Separate account assets [2]
    153,727       116,717       35,763       1,247  
 
                       
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
  $ 275,316     $ 120,269     $ 145,616     $ 9,431  
 
                       
Percentage of level to total
    100 %     44 %     53 %     3 %
 
                       
 
                               
Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
                               
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable
                               
Equity linked notes
  $ (9 )   $     $     $ (9 )
Derivative liabilities
                               
Credit derivatives
    (482 )           (71 )     (411 )
Equity derivatives
    2                   2  
Foreign exchange derivatives
    (34 )           (34 )      
Interest rate derivatives
    (266 )           (249 )     (17 )
 
                       
Total derivative liabilities [3]
    (780 )           (354 )     (426 )
Other liabilities
    (37 )                 (37 )
Consumer notes [4]
    (5 )                 (5 )
 
                       
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
  $ (831 )   $     $ (354 )   $ (477 )
 
                       
     
[1]  
Includes over-the-counter derivative instruments in a net asset value position which may require the counterparty to pledge collateral to the Company. As of December 31, 2010, $968 of cash collateral liability was netted against the derivative asset value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and is excluded from the table above. See footnote 3 below for derivative liabilities.
 
[2]  
As of December 31, 2010, excludes approximately $6 billion of investment sales receivable that are not subject to fair value accounting.
 
[3]  
Includes over-the-counter derivative instruments in a net negative market value position (derivative liability). In the Level 3 roll-forward table included below in this Note 4, the derivative asset and liability are referred to as “freestanding derivatives” and are presented on a net basis.
 
[4]  
Represents embedded derivatives associated with non-funding agreement-backed consumer equity linked notes.
Determination of Fair Values
The valuation methodologies used to determine the fair values of assets and liabilities under the “exit price” notion reflect market-participant objectives and are based on the application of the fair value hierarchy that prioritizes relevant observable market inputs over unobservable inputs. The Company determines the fair values of certain financial assets and financial liabilities based on quoted market prices where available and where prices represent a reasonable estimate of fair value. The Company also determines fair value based on future cash flows discounted at the appropriate current market rate. Fair values reflect adjustments for counterparty credit quality, the Company’s default spreads, liquidity and, where appropriate, risk margins on unobservable parameters. The following is a discussion of the methodologies used to determine fair values for the financial instruments listed in the above tables.
Available-for-Sale Securities, Fixed Maturities, FVO, Equity Securities, Trading, and Short-term Investments
The fair value of AFS securities, fixed maturities, FVO, equity securities, trading, and short-term investments in an active and orderly market (e.g. not distressed or forced liquidation) are determined by management after considering one of three primary sources of information: third-party pricing services, independent broker quotations or pricing matrices. Security pricing is applied using a “waterfall” approach whereby publicly available prices are first sought from third-party pricing services, the remaining unpriced securities are submitted to independent brokers for prices, or lastly, securities are priced using a pricing matrix. Based on the typical trading volumes and the lack of quoted market prices for fixed maturities, third-party pricing services will normally derive the security prices from recent reported trades for identical or similar securities making adjustments through the reporting date based upon available market observable information as outlined above. If there are no recently reported trades, the third-party pricing services and independent brokers may use matrix or model processes to develop a security price where future cash flow expectations are developed based upon collateral performance and discounted at an estimated market rate. Included in the pricing of ABS and RMBS are estimates of the rate of future prepayments of principal over the remaining life of the securities. Such estimates are derived based on the characteristics of the underlying structure and prepayment speeds previously experienced at the interest rate levels projected for the underlying collateral. Actual prepayment experience may vary from these estimates.
Prices from third-party pricing services are often unavailable for securities that are rarely traded or are traded only in privately negotiated transactions. As a result, certain securities are priced via independent broker quotations which utilize inputs that may be difficult to corroborate with observable market based data. Additionally, the majority of these independent broker quotations are non-binding.
A pricing matrix is used to price private placement securities for which the Company is unable to obtain a price from a third-party pricing service by discounting the expected future cash flows from the security by a developed market discount rate utilizing current credit spreads. Credit spreads are developed each month using market based data for public securities adjusted for credit spread differentials between public and private securities which are obtained from a survey of multiple private placement brokers. The appropriate credit spreads determined through this survey approach are based upon the issuer’s financial strength and term to maturity, utilizing an independent public security index and trade information and adjusting for the non-public nature of the securities.
The Company performs a monthly analysis of the prices and credit spreads received from third parties to ensure that the prices represent a reasonable estimate of the fair value. As a part of this analysis, the Company considers trading volume and other factors to determine whether the decline in market activity is significant when compared to normal activity in an active market, and if so, whether transactions may not be orderly considering the weight of available evidence. If the available evidence indicates that pricing is based upon transactions that are stale or not orderly, the Company places little, if any, weight on the transaction price and will estimate fair value utilizing an internal pricing model. This process involves quantitative and qualitative analysis and is overseen by investment and accounting professionals. Examples of procedures performed include, but are not limited to, initial and on-going review of third-party pricing services’ methodologies, review of pricing statistics and trends, back testing recent trades, and monitoring of trading volumes, new issuance activity and other market activities. In addition, the Company ensures that prices received from independent brokers represent a reasonable estimate of fair value through the use of internal and external cash flow models developed based on spreads, and when available, market indices. As a result of this analysis, if the Company determines that there is a more appropriate fair value based upon the available market data, the price received from the third party is adjusted accordingly. The Company’s internal pricing model utilizes the Company’s best estimate of expected future cash flows discounted at a rate of return that a market participant would require. The significant inputs to the model include, but are not limited to, current market inputs, such as credit loss assumptions, estimated prepayment speeds and market risk premiums.
The Company has analyzed the third-party pricing services’ valuation methodologies and related inputs, and has also evaluated the various types of securities in its investment portfolio to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs. Most prices provided by third-party pricing services are classified into Level 2 because the inputs used in pricing the securities are market observable. Due to a general lack of transparency in the process that brokers use to develop prices, most valuations that are based on brokers’ prices are classified as Level 3. Some valuations may be classified as Level 2 if the price can be corroborated with observable market data.
Derivative Instruments, including embedded derivatives within investments
Derivative instruments are fair valued using pricing valuation models that utilize independent market data inputs, quoted market prices for exchange-traded derivatives, or independent broker quotations. Excluding embedded and reinsurance related derivatives, as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, 98% and 97%, respectively, of derivatives, based upon notional values, were priced by valuation models or quoted market prices. The remaining derivatives were priced by broker quotations. The Company performs a monthly analysis on derivative valuations which includes both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Examples of procedures performed include, but are not limited to, review of pricing statistics and trends, back testing recent trades, analyzing the impacts of changes in the market environment, and review of changes in market value for each derivative including those derivatives priced by brokers.
The Company utilizes derivative instruments to manage the risk associated with certain assets and liabilities. However, the derivative instrument may not be classified with the same fair value hierarchy level as the associated assets and liabilities. Therefore the realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives reported in Level 3 may not reflect the offsetting impact of the realized and unrealized gains and losses of the associated assets and liabilities.
Valuation Techniques and Inputs for Investments
Generally, the Company determines the estimated fair value of its AFS securities, fixed maturities, FVO, equity securities, trading, and short-term investments using the market approach. The income approach is used for securities priced using a pricing matrix, as well as for derivative instruments. For Level 1 investments, which are comprised of on-the-run U.S. Treasuries, exchange-traded equity securities, short-term investments, and exchange traded futures and option contracts, valuations are based on observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
For most of the Company’s debt securities, the following inputs are typically used in the Company’s pricing methods: reported trades, benchmark yields, bids and/or estimated cash flows. For securities, except U.S. Treasuries, inputs also include issuer spreads, which may consider credit default swap curves. Derivative instruments are valued using mid-market inputs that are predominantly observable in the market.
A description of additional inputs used in the Company’s Level 2 and Level 3 measurements is listed below:
Level 2   
The fair values of most of the Company’s Level 2 investments are determined by management after considering prices received from third party pricing services. These investments include most fixed maturities and preferred stocks, including those reported in separate account assets.
   
ABS, CDOs, CMBS and RMBS — Primary inputs also include monthly payment information, collateral performance, which varies by vintage year and includes delinquency rates, collateral valuation loss severity rates, collateral refinancing assumptions, credit default swap indices and, for ABS and RMBS, estimated prepayment rates.
   
Corporates — Primary inputs also include observations of credit default swap curves related to the issuer.
   
Foreign government/government agencies — Primary inputs also include observations of credit default swap curves related to the issuer and political events in emerging markets.
   
Municipals — Primary inputs also include Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board reported trades and material event notices, and issuer financial statements.
   
Short-term investments — Primary inputs also include material event notices and new issue money market rates.
   
Equity securities, trading — Consist of investments in mutual funds. Primary inputs include net asset values obtained from third party pricing services.
   
Credit derivatives — Significant inputs primarily include the swap yield curve and credit curves.
   
Foreign exchange derivatives — Significant inputs primarily include the swap yield curve, currency spot and forward rates, and cross currency basis curves.
   
Interest rate derivatives — Significant input is primarily the swap yield curve.
Level 3   
Most of the Company’s securities classified as Level 3 are valued based on brokers’ prices. Certain long-dated securities are priced based on third party pricing services, including municipal securities and foreign government/government agencies, as well as bank loans and below investment grade private placement securities. Primary inputs for these long-dated securities are consistent with the typical inputs used in Level 1 and Level 2 measurements noted above, but include benchmark interest rate or credit spread assumptions that are not observable in the marketplace. Also included in Level 3 are certain derivative instruments that either have significant unobservable inputs or are valued based on broker quotations. Significant inputs for these derivative contracts primarily include the typical inputs used in the Level 1 and Level 2 measurements noted above, but also may include the following:
   
Credit derivatives — Significant unobservable inputs may include credit correlation and swap yield curve and credit curve extrapolation beyond observable limits.
   
Equity derivatives — Significant unobservable inputs may include equity volatility.
   
Interest rate contracts — Significant unobservable inputs may include swap yield curve extrapolation beyond observable limits and interest rate volatility.
Separate Account Assets
Separate account assets are primarily invested in mutual funds but also have investments in fixed maturity and equity securities. The separate account investments are valued in the same manner, and using the same pricing sources and inputs, as the fixed maturity, equity security, and short-term investments of the Company.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
The tables below provide fair value roll forwards for the three and six months ending June 30, 2011 and 2010, for the financial instruments classified as Level 3, excluding those related to the Company’s living benefits and associated hedging programs, which are reported in Note 4a.
For the three months ended June 30, 2011
                                                                 
    Fixed Maturities, AFS  
                                    Foreign                     Total Fixed  
                                    govt./govt.                     Maturities,  
Assets   ABS     CDOs     CMBS     Corporate     agencies     Municipal     RMBS     AFS  
Fair value as of March 31, 2011
  $ 446     $ 2,674     $ 741     $ 2,096     $ 63     $ 276     $ 1,124     $ 7,420  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                                                               
Included in net income [1]
    (1 )           13       (6 )                       6  
Included in OCI [2]
    17       10       34       27       1       9       (16 )     82  
Purchases
                      35                   25       60  
Settlements
    (7 )     (43 )     (20 )     (42 )     (1 )           (33 )     (146 )
Sales
    (2 )     (66 )     (193 )     (61 )     (3 )     (2 )           (327 )
Transfers into Level 3 [3]
    19             79       78                   14       190  
Transfers out of Level 3 [3]
    (20 )                 (17 )     (9 )     (3 )           (49 )
 
                                               
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ 452     $ 2,575     $ 654     $ 2,110     $ 51     $ 280     $ 1,114     $ 7,236  
 
                                               
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1]
  $ (1 )   $     $ 13     $ (6 )   $     $     $     $ 6  
 
                                               
                                                                 
                    Freestanding Derivatives [4]        
    Fixed     Equity                     Interest     Other     Total Free-        
    Maturities     Securities,     Credit     Equity     Rate     Derivative     Standing     Separate  
Assets   FVO     AFS     Derivatives     Derivatives     Derivatives     Contracts     Derivatives     Accounts  
Fair value as of March 31, 2011
  $ 579     $ 80     $ (382 )   $ 5     $ 9     $ 31     $ (337 )   $ 1,207  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                                                               
Included in net income [1]
    (22 )           (17 )     1       (2 )     (1 )     (19 )     5  
Included in OCI [2]
          2                                      
Purchases
          24                                     (94 )
Settlements
    (1 )           (3 )                       (3 )      
Sales
          (1 )                                   (22 )
Transfers into Level 3 [3]
                                              3  
Transfers out of Level 3 [3]
          (5 )                                   (31 )
 
                                               
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ 556     $ 100     $ (402 )   $ 6     $ 7     $ 30     $ (359 )   $ 1,068  
 
                                               
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1]
  $ (22 )   $     $ (19 )   $ 1     $ (2 )   $ (1 )   $ (21 )   $ 4  
 
                                               
                         
Liabilities   Equity Linked Notes     Other Liabilities     Consumer Notes  
Fair value as of March 31, 2011
  $ (10 )   $ (51 )   $ (5 )
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                       
Included in net income [1]
          7       1  
 
                 
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ (10 )   $ (44 )   $ (4 )
 
                 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1]
  $     $ 7     $ 1  
 
                 
For the six months ended June 30, 2011
                                                                 
    Fixed Maturities, AFS  
                                    Foreign                     Total Fixed  
                                    govt./govt.                     Maturities,  
Assets   ABS     CDOs     CMBS     Corporate     agencies     Municipal     RMBS     AFS  
Fair value as of January 1, 2011
  $ 477     $ 2,581     $ 689     $ 2,129     $ 56     $ 272     $ 1,285     $ 7,489  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                                                               
Included in net income [1]
    (6 )     (15 )     11       (28 )                 (9 )     (47 )
Included in OCI [2]
    37       123       147       19       1       9       25       361  
Purchases
                      52       2             25       79  
Settlements
    (18 )     (78 )     (30 )     (73 )     (2 )           (67 )     (268 )
Sales
    (2 )     (66 )     (315 )     (134 )     (5 )     (2 )     (16 )     (540 )
Transfers into Level 3 [3]
    68       30       152       273       11       4       14       552  
Transfers out of Level 3 [3]
    (104 )                 (128 )     (12 )     (3 )     (143 )     (390 )
 
                                               
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ 452     $ 2,575     $ 654     $ 2,110     $ 51     $ 280     $ 1,114     $ 7,236  
 
                                               
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1]
  $ (6 )   $ (15 )   $ 11     $ (28 )   $     $     $ (9 )   $ (47 )
 
                                               
                                                                 
                    Freestanding Derivatives [4]        
    Fixed     Equity                     Interest     Other     Total Free-        
    Maturities     Securities,     Credit     Equity     Rate     Derivative     Standing     Separate  
Assets   FVO     AFS     Derivatives     Derivatives     Derivatives     Contracts     Derivatives     Accounts  
Fair value as of January 1, 2011
  $ 522     $ 154     $ (390 )   $ 4     $ (53 )   $ 32     $ (407 )   $ 1,247  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                                                               
Included in net income [1]
    36       (10 )     (6 )     2       (5 )     (2 )     (11 )     24  
Included in OCI [2]
          1                                      
Purchases
          37       1             64             65       34  
Settlements
    (2 )           (7 )           1             (6 )      
Sales
          (1 )                                   (169 )
Transfers into Level 3 [3]
                                              12  
Transfers out of Level 3 [3]
          (81 )                                   (80 )
 
                                               
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ 556     $ 100     $ (402 )   $ 6     $ 7     $ 30     $ (359 )   $ 1,068  
 
                                               
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1]
  $ 36     $ (10 )   $ (8 )   $ 2     $ (3 )   $ (2 )   $ (11 )   $ 1  
 
                                               
                         
Liabilities   Equity Linked Notes     Other Liabilities     Consumer Notes  
Fair value as of January 1, 2011
  $ (9 )   $ (37 )   $ (5 )
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                       
Included in net income [1]
          (7 )     1  
Settlements
    (1 )            
 
                 
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ (10 )   $ (44 )   $ (4 )
 
                 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1]
  $     $ (7 )   $ 1  
 
                 
For the three months ended June 30, 2010
                                                                 
    Fixed Maturities, AFS  
                                    Foreign                     Total Fixed  
                                    govt./ govt.                     Maturities,  
Assets   ABS     CDOs     CMBS     Corporate     agencies     Municipal     RMBS     AFS  
Fair value as of March 31, 2010
  $ 533     $ 2,749     $ 442     $ 8,612     $ 59     $ 322     $ 1,174     $ 13,891  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                                                               
Included in net income [1]
    (3 )     (22 )     (42 )     6                   (21 )     (82 )
Included in OCI [2]
    15       105       189       103             16       75       503  
Purchases, issuances, and settlements
    (13 )     (48 )     (17 )     61       (2 )     (21 )     238       198  
Transfers into Level 3 [3]
    28       11       139       174                         352  
Transfers out of Level 3 [3]
    (12 )     (17 )     (59 )     (140 )     (6 )                 (234 )
 
                                               
Fair value as of June 30, 2010
  $ 548     $ 2,778     $ 652     $ 8,816     $ 51     $ 317     $ 1,466     $ 14,628  
 
                                               
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1]
  $ (4 )   $ (28 )   $ (39 )   $ 2     $     $     $ (16 )   $ (85 )
 
                                               
                                                         
            Freestanding Derivatives [4]        
    Equity                     Interest     Other     Total Free-        
    Securities,     Credit     Equity     Rate     Derivative     Standing     Separate  
Assets   AFS     Derivatives     Derivatives     Derivatives     Contracts     Derivatives     Accounts  
Fair value as of March 31, 2010
  $ 65     $ (491 )   $ (1 )   $ (6 )   $ 35     $ (463 )   $ 955  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                                                       
Included in net income [1]
    (1 )     (47 )     1       1             (45 )     (2 )
Included in OCI [2]
    2                                      
Purchases, issuances, and settlements
    8       5             (44 )           (39 )     5  
Transfers into Level 3 [3]
    6                                     (2 )
Transfers out of Level 3 [3]
                                        (19 )
 
                                         
Fair value as of June 30, 2010
  $ 80     $ (533 )   $     $ (49 )   $ 35     $ (547 )   $ 937  
 
                                         
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1]
  $ (4 )   $ (47 )   $ 1     $ (20 )   $     $ (66 )   $ 9  
 
                                         
                                         
    Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable              
                    Total Other              
    Institutional     Equity Linked     Policyholder Funds              
Liabilities   Notes     Notes     and Benefits Payable     Other Liabilities     Consumer Notes  
Fair value as of March 31, 2010
  $ (7 )   $ (9 )   $ (16 )   $ (22 )   $ (5 )
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                                       
Included in net income [1]
    9       2       11       6       1  
 
                             
Fair Value as of June 30, 2010
  $ 2     $ (7 )   $ (5 )   $ (16 )   $ (4 )
 
                             
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1]
  $ 9     $ 2     $ 11     $     $ 1  
 
                             
For the six months ended June 30, 2010
                                                                 
    Fixed Maturities, AFS  
                                    Foreign                     Total Fixed  
                                    govt./ govt.                     Maturities,  
Assets   ABS     CDOs     CMBS     Corporate     agencies     Municipal     RMBS     AFS  
Fair value as of January 1, 2010
  $ 580     $ 2,835     $ 307     $ 8,027     $ 93     $ 262     $ 1,153     $ 13,257  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                                                               
Included in net income [1]
    (3 )     (85 )     (114 )     8                   (34 )     (228 )
Included in OCI [2]
    43       320       275       232       2       34       164       1,070  
Purchases, issuances, and settlements
    (23 )     (67 )     (23 )     277       (8 )     25       206       387  
Transfers into Level 3 [3]
    28       27       266       510       6                   837  
Transfers out of Level 3 [3]
    (77 )     (252 )     (59 )     (238 )     (42 )     (4 )     (23 )     (695 )
 
                                               
Fair value as of June 30, 2010
  $ 548     $ 2,778     $ 652     $ 8,816     $ 51     $ 317     $ 1,466     $ 14,628  
 
                                               
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1]
  $ (4 )   $ (91 )   $ (110 )   $ 2     $     $     $ (29 )   $ (232 )
 
                                               
                                                         
            Freestanding Derivatives [4]        
    Equity                     Interest     Other     Total Free-        
    Securities,     Credit     Equity     Rate     Derivative     Standing     Separate  
Assets   AFS     Derivatives     Derivatives     Derivatives     Contracts     Derivatives     Accounts  
Fair value as of January 1, 2010
  $ 58     $ (228 )   $ (2 )   $ 5     $ 36     $ (189 )   $ 962  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                                                       
Included in net income [1]
    (2 )     (20 )     2       1       (1 )     (18 )     16  
Included in OCI [2]
    9                                      
Purchases, issuances, and settlements
    9       5             (44 )           (39 )     82  
Transfers into Level 3 [3]
    6       (290 )                       (290 )     4  
Transfers out of Level 3 [3]
                      (11 )           (11 )     (127 )
 
                                         
Fair value as of June 30, 2010
  $ 80     $ (533 )   $     $ (49 )   $ 35     $ (547 )   $ 937  
 
                                         
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1]
  $ (5 )   $ (20 )   $ 2     $ (20 )   $ (1 )   $ (39 )   $ 13  
 
                                         
                                         
    Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable              
                    Total Other              
    Institutional     Equity Linked     Policyholder Funds              
Liabilities   Notes     Notes     and Benefits Payable     Other Liabilities     Consumer Notes  
Fair value as of January 1, 2010
  $ (2 )   $ (10 )   $ (12 )   $     $ (5 )
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                                       
Included in net income [1]
    4       3       7       (5 )     1  
Transfers into Level 3 [3]
                      (11 )      
 
                             
Fair Value as of June 30, 2010
  $ 2     $ (7 )   $ (5 )   $ (16 )   $ (4 )
 
                             
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1]
  $ 4     $ 3     $ 7     $     $ 1  
 
                             
[1]  
All amounts in these rows are reported in net realized capital gains/losses. The realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on net income for the Company. All amounts are before income taxes and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and present value of future profits (“DAC”).
 
[2]  
All amounts are before income taxes and amortization of DAC.
 
[3]  
Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3 are primarily attributable to the availability of market observable information and the re-evaluation of the observability of pricing inputs.
 
[4]  
Derivative instruments are reported in this table on a net basis for asset/(liability) positions and reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in other investments and other liabilities.
Fair Value Option
The Company elected the fair value option for its investments containing an embedded credit derivative which were not bifurcated as a result of new accounting guidance effective July 1, 2010. The underlying credit risk of these securities is primarily corporate bonds and commercial real estate. The Company elected the fair value option given the complexity of bifurcating the economic components associated with the embedded credit derivative. Additionally, the Company elected the fair value option for purchases of foreign government securities to align with the accounting for yen-based fixed annuity liabilities, which are adjusted for changes in spot rates through realized gains and losses. Similar to other fixed maturities, income earned from these securities is recorded in net investment income. Changes in the fair value of these securities are recorded in net realized capital gains and losses.
The Company previously elected the fair value option for one of its consolidated VIEs in order to apply a consistent accounting model for the VIE’s assets and liabilities. The VIE is an investment vehicle that holds high quality investments, derivative instruments that reference third-party corporate credit and issues notes to investors that reflect the credit characteristics of the high quality investments and derivative instruments. The risks and rewards associated with the assets of the VIE inure to the investors. The investors have no recourse against the Company. As a result, there has been no adjustment to the market value of the notes for the Company’s own credit risk.
The following table presents the changes in fair value of those assets and liabilities accounted for using the fair value option reported in net realized capital gains and losses in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(Before-tax)   2011     2010     2011     2010  
Assets
                               
Fixed maturities, FVO
                               
Corporate
  $ 2     $ 1     $ 14     $ 2  
CRE CDOs
    (25 )     (4 )     21       (4 )
Foreign government
    17             11        
Other liabilities
                               
Credit-linked notes
    7       6       (7 )     (5 )
 
                       
Total realized capital gains (losses)
  $ 1     $ 3     $ 39     $ (7 )
 
                       
The following table presents the fair value of assets and liabilities accounted for using the fair value option included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
                 
Assets   June 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Fixed maturities, FVO
               
ABS
  $ 65     $ 65  
CRE CDOs
    290       270  
Corporate
    267       250  
Foreign government
    605       64  
 
           
Total fixed maturities, FVO
  $ 1,227     $ 649  
 
           
Other liabilities
               
Credit-linked notes [1]
  $ 44     $ 37  
 
           
[1]  
As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the outstanding principal balance of the notes was $243.
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
The following table presents carrying amounts and fair values of The Hartford’s financial instruments not carried at fair value and not included in the above fair value discussion as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
                                 
    June 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    Carrying     Fair     Carrying     Fair  
    Amount     Value     Amount     Value  
Assets
                               
Mortgage loans
  $ 5,304     $ 5,393     $ 4,489     $ 4,524  
Policy loans
    2,188       2,318       2,181       2,294  
Liabilities
                               
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable [1]
  $ 10,837     $ 11,141     $ 11,155     $ 11,383  
Senior notes [2]
    4,880       5,167       4,880       5,072  
Junior subordinated debentures [2]
    1,734       2,634       1,727       2,596  
Consumer notes [3]
    364       377       377       392  
[1]  
Excludes guarantees on variable annuities, group accident and health and universal life insurance contracts, including corporate owned life insurance.
 
[2]  
Included in long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, except for current maturities, which are included in short-term debt.
 
[3]  
Excludes amounts carried at fair value and included in disclosures above.
As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, included in other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are carrying amounts of $223 and $233 for deposits, respectively, and $25, for Federal Home Loan Bank advances, related to Federal Trust Corporation. These liabilities are held for sale and the carrying amounts approximate fair value.
The Company has not made any changes in its valuation methodologies for the following assets and liabilities since December 31, 2010.
 
Fair values for mortgage loans were estimated using discounted cash flow calculations based on current lending rates for similar type loans. Current lending rates reflect changes in credit spreads and the remaining terms of the loans.
 
Fair value for policy loans and consumer notes were estimated using discounted cash flow calculations using current interest rates.
 
Fair values for other policyholder funds and benefits payable, not carried at fair value, are determined by estimating future cash flows, discounted at the current market rate.
 
Fair values for senior notes and junior subordinated debentures are based primarily on market quotations from independent third-party pricing services.
4a. Fair Value Measurements — Guaranteed Living Benefits
These disclosures provide information as to the extent to which the Company uses fair value to measure financial instruments related to variable annuity product guaranteed living benefits and the related variable annuity hedging program and information about the inputs used to value those financial instruments to allow users to assess the relative reliability of the measurements. The following tables present assets and (liabilities) related to the guaranteed living benefits program carried at fair value by hierarchy level.
                                 
    June 30, 2011  
            Quoted Prices              
            in Active     Significant     Significant  
            Markets for     Observable     Unobservable  
            Identical Assets     Inputs     Inputs  
  Total     (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)  
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
                               
Variable annuity hedging derivatives
  $ 144     $     $ (33 )   $ 177  
Macro hedge program
    265             88       177  
Reinsurance recoverable for U.S. GMWB
    237                   237  
 
                       
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
  $ 646     $     $ 55     $ 591  
 
                       
Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
                               
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable
                               
U.S. guaranteed withdrawal benefits
  $ (1,420 )   $     $     $ (1,420 )
International guaranteed withdrawal benefits
    (30 )                 (30 )
Variable annuity hedging derivatives
    285             (86 )     371  
Macro hedge program
    206             126       80  
 
                       
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
  $ (959 )   $     $ 40     $ (999 )
 
                       
                                 
    December 31, 2010  
            Quoted Prices              
            in Active     Significant     Significant  
            Markets for     Observable     Unobservable  
            Identical Assets     Inputs     Inputs  
    Total     (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)  
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
                               
Variable annuity hedging derivatives
  $ 339     $     $ (122 )   $ 461  
Macro hedge program
    386       2       176       208  
Reinsurance recoverable for U.S. GMWB
    280                   280  
 
                       
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
  $ 1,005     $ 2     $ 54     $ 949  
 
                       
 
                               
Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
                               
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable
                               
U.S. guaranteed withdrawal benefits
  $ (1,611 )   $     $     $ (1,611 )
International guaranteed withdrawal benefits
    (36 )                 (36 )
International other guaranteed living benefits
    3                   3  
Variable annuity hedging derivatives
    128             (11 )     139  
Macro hedge program
    (2 )     (2 )            
 
                       
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis
  $ (1,518 )   $ (2 )   $ (11 )   $ (1,505 )
 
                       
Product Derivatives
The Company currently offers certain variable annuity products with GMWB riders in the U.S., and formerly offered such products in the U.K. and Japan. The GMWB represents an embedded derivative in the variable annuity contract. When it is determined that (1) the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract, and (2) a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host for measurement purposes. The embedded derivative is carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net realized capital gains and losses. The Company’s GMWB liability is reported in other policyholder funds and benefits payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In valuing the embedded derivative, the Company attributes to the derivative a portion of the expected fees to be collected over the expected life of the contract from the contract holder equal to the present value of future GMWB claims (the “Attributed Fees”). The excess of fees collected from the contract holder in the current period over the current period’s Attributed Fees are associated with the host variable annuity contract and reported in fee income.
U.S. GMWB Reinsurance Derivative
The Company has reinsurance arrangements in place to transfer a portion of its risk of loss due to GMWB. These arrangements are recognized as derivatives and carried at fair value in reinsurance recoverables. Changes in the fair value of the reinsurance agreements are reported in net realized capital gains and losses.
The fair value of the U.S. GMWB reinsurance derivative is calculated as an aggregation of the components described in the Living Benefits Required to be Fair Valued discussion below and is modeled using significant unobservable policyholder behavior inputs, identical to those used in calculating the underlying liability, such as lapses, fund selection, resets and withdrawal utilization and risk margins.
Living Benefits Required to be Fair Valued (in Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable)
Fair values for GMWB and guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit (“GMAB”) contracts are calculated using the income approach based upon internally developed models because active, observable markets do not exist for those items. The fair value of the Company’s guaranteed benefit liabilities, classified as embedded derivatives, and the related reinsurance and customized freestanding derivatives is calculated as an aggregation of the following components: Best Estimate Claim Payments; Credit Standing Adjustment; and Margins. The resulting aggregation is reconciled or calibrated, if necessary, to market information that is, or may be, available to the Company, but may not be observable by other market participants, including reinsurance discussions and transactions. The Company believes the aggregation of these components, as necessary and as reconciled or calibrated to the market information available to the Company, results in an amount that the Company would be required to transfer or receive, for an asset, to or from market participants in an active liquid market, if one existed, for those market participants to assume the risks associated with the guaranteed minimum benefits and the related reinsurance and customized derivatives. The fair value is likely to materially diverge from the ultimate settlement of the liability as the Company believes settlement will be based on our best estimate assumptions rather than those best estimate assumptions plus risk margins. In the absence of any transfer of the guaranteed benefit liability to a third party, the release of risk margins is likely to be reflected as realized gains in future periods’ net income. Each component described below is unobservable in the marketplace and require subjectivity by the Company in determining their value.
Best Estimate
Claim Payments
The Best Estimate Claim Payments is calculated based on actuarial and capital market assumptions related to projected cash flows, including the present value of benefits and related contract charges, over the lives of the contracts, incorporating expectations concerning policyholder behavior such as lapses, fund selection, resets and withdrawal utilization. For the customized derivatives, policyholder behavior is prescribed in the derivative contract. Because of the dynamic and complex nature of these cash flows, best estimate assumptions and a Monte Carlo stochastic process is used in valuation. The Monte Carlo stochastic process involves the generation of thousands of scenarios that assume risk neutral returns consistent with swap rates and a blend of observable implied index volatility levels. Estimating these cash flows involves numerous estimates and subjective judgments regarding a number of variables —including expected market rates of return, market volatility, correlations of market index returns to funds, fund performance, discount rates and assumptions about policyholder behavior which emerge over time.
At each valuation date, the Company assumes expected returns based on:
 
risk-free rates as represented by the Eurodollar futures, LIBOR deposits and swap rates to derive forward curve rates;
 
market implied volatility assumptions for each underlying index based primarily on a blend of observed market “implied volatility” data;
 
correlations of historical returns across underlying well known market indices based on actual observed returns over the ten years preceding the valuation date; and
 
three years of history for fund indexes compared to separate account fund regression.
As many guaranteed benefit obligations are relatively new in the marketplace, actual policyholder behavior experience is limited. As a result, estimates of future policyholder behavior are subjective and based on analogous internal and external data. As markets change, mature and evolve and actual policyholder behavior emerges, management continually evaluates the appropriateness of its assumptions for this component of the fair value model.
On a daily basis, the Company updates capital market assumptions used in the GMWB liability model such as interest rates and equity indices. On a weekly basis, the blend of implied equity index volatilities is updated. The Company continually monitors various aspects of policyholder behavior and may modify certain of its assumptions, including living benefit lapses and withdrawal rates, if credible emerging data indicates that changes are warranted. At a minimum, all policyholder behavior assumptions are reviewed and updated, as appropriate, in conjunction with the completion of the Company’s comprehensive study to refine its estimate of future gross profits during the third quarter of each year.
Credit Standing Adjustment
This assumption makes an adjustment that market participants would make, in determining fair value, to reflect the risk that guaranteed benefit obligations or the GMWB reinsurance recoverables will not be fulfilled (“nonperformance risk”). The Company’s estimate of the Credit Standing Adjustment incorporates a blend of observable Company and reinsurer credit default spreads from capital markets, adjusted for market recoverability. The credit standing adjustment assumption, net of reinsurance, and exclusive of the impact of the credit standing adjustment on other market inputs, resulted in pre-tax realized gains/(losses) of $1 and $54 for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 the credit standing adjustment was $26, respectively.
Margins
The behavior risk margin adds a margin that market participants would require, in determining fair value, for the risk that the Company’s assumptions about policyholder behavior could differ from actual experience. The behavior risk margin is calculated by taking the difference between adverse policyholder behavior assumptions and best estimate assumptions.
The Company did not update any policyholder behavior assumptions, in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 or the three and six months ended June 30, 2010. As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 the behavior risk margin was $525 and $565, respectively.
In addition to the non-market-based updates described above, the Company recognized non-market-based updates driven by the relative outperformance of the underlying actively managed funds as compared to their respective indices resulting in pre-tax realized gains of approximately $4 and $15, for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $29 and $42 for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The tables below provide fair value roll forwards for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, for the financial instruments related to the Guaranteed Living Benefits Program classified as Levels 1, 2 and 3.
For the three months ended June 30, 2011
                         
    Variable Annuity Hedging Derivatives [5]  
                    Total Variable Annuity  
Asset/(liability)   Levels 1 and 2     Level 3     Hedging Derivatives  
Fair value as of March 31, 2011
  $ (142 )   $ 488     $ 346  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                       
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    (17 )     60       43  
Settlements[3]
    40             40  
 
                 
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ (119 )   $ 548     $ 429  
 
                 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1], [2], [4]
          $ 52          
 
                 
                                 
                            Total Guaranteed  
                    International     Withdrawal Benefits  
    Reinsurance     U.S. Guaranteed     Guaranteed     Net of Reinsurance  
    Recoverable     Withdrawal     Withdrawal     and Hedging  
Asset/(liability)   for GMWB     Benefits – Level 3     Benefits – Level 3     Derivatives  
Fair value as of March 31, 2011
  $ 224     $ (1,301 )   $ (23 )   $ (754 )
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                               
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    4       (80 )     (4 )     (37 )
Settlements[3]
    9       (39 )     (3 )     7  
 
                       
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ 237     $ (1,420 )   $ (30 )   $ (784 )
 
                       
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1], [2], [4]
  $ 4     $ (80 )   $ (4 )        
 
                       
                                 
    Macro Hedge Program [5]     International Other  
                    Total Macro     Guaranteed Living  
Asset/(liability)   Levels 1 and 2     Level 3     Hedge Program     Benefits – Level 3  
Fair value as of March 31, 2011
  $ (92 )   $ 125     $ 33     $ 3  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                               
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    53       (18 )     35       (2 )
Purchases [3]
    99       185       284        
Settlements[3]
    154       (35 )     119       (1 )
 
                       
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ 214     $ 257     $ 471     $  
 
                       
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1], [2], [4]
          $ (3 )           $ (2 )
 
                       
For the six months ended June 30, 2011
                         
    Variable Annuity Hedging Derivatives [5]  
                    Total Variable Annuity  
Asset/(liability)   Levels 1 and 2     Level 3     Hedging Derivatives  
Fair value as of January 1, 2011
  $ (133 )   $ 600     $ 467  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                       
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    (125 )     (59 )     (184 )
Purchases [3]
          23       23  
Settlements[3]
    139       (16 )     123  
 
                 
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ (119 )   $ 548     $ 429  
 
                 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1], [2], [4]
          $ (61 )        
 
                 
                                 
                            Total Guaranteed  
                    International     Withdrawal Benefits  
    Reinsurance     U.S. Guaranteed     Guaranteed     Net of Reinsurance  
    Recoverable     Withdrawal     Withdrawal     and Hedging  
Asset/(liability)   for GMWB     Benefits – Level 3     Benefits – Level 3     Derivatives  
Fair value as of January 1, 2011
  $ 280     $ (1,611 )   $ (36 )   $ (900 )
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                               
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    (61 )     268       11       34  
Purchases [3]
                      23  
Settlements[3]
    18       (77 )     (5 )     59  
 
                       
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ 237     $ (1,420 )   $ (30 )   $ (784 )
 
                       
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1], [2], [4]
  $ (61 )   $ 268     $ 11          
 
                       
                                 
    Macro Hedge Program [5]  
                            International Other  
                    Total Macro     Guaranteed Living  
Asset/(liability)   Levels 1 and 2     Level 3     Hedge Program     Benefits – Level 3  
Fair value as of January 1, 2011
  $ 176     $ 208     $ 384     $ 3  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                               
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    (221 )     (101 )     (322 )     (1 )
Purchases [3]
    99       185       284        
Settlements[3]
    160       (35 )     125     (2 )  
 
                       
Fair value as of June 30, 2011
  $ 214     $ 257     $ 471     $  
 
                       
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2011 [1], [2], [4]
          $ (85 )           $ (1 )
 
                       
For the three months ended June 30, 2010
                         
    Variable Annuity Hedging Derivatives [5]  
                    Total Variable Annuity  
Asset/(liability)   Levels 1 and 2     Level 3     Hedging Derivatives  
Fair value as of March 31, 2010
  $ (166 )   $ 311     $ 145  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                       
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    208       617       825  
Purchases, issuances, and settlements [3]
    (133 )           (133 )
 
                 
Fair value as of June 30, 2010
  $ (91 )   $ 928     $ 837  
 
                 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1], [2],[4]
          $ 617          
 
                 
                                 
                            Total Guaranteed  
                    International     Withdrawal Benefits  
    Reinsurance     U.S. Guaranteed     Guaranteed     Net of Reinsurance  
    Recoverable     Withdrawal     Withdrawal     and Hedging  
Asset/(liability)   for GMWB     Benefits – Level 3     Benefits – Level 3     Derivatives  
Fair value as of March 31, 2010
  $ 295     $ (1,655 )   $ (31 )   $ (1,246 )
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                               
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    246       (1,458 )     (39 )     (426 )
Included in OCI [2]
                (1 )     (1 )
Purchases, issuances, and settlements [3]
    9       (35 )     (1 )     (160 )
 
                       
Fair value as of June 30, 2010
  $ 550     $ (3,148 )   $ (72 )   $ (1,833 )
 
                       
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1], [2], [4]
  $ 246     $ (1,458 )   $ (39 )        
 
                       
                                 
    Macro Hedge Program [5]     International Other  
                    Total Macro     Guaranteed Living  
Asset/(liability)   Levels 1 and 2     Level 3     Hedge Program     Benefits – Level 3  
Fair Value as of March 31, 2010
  $ 54     $ 151     $ 205     $ 4  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                               
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    117       280       397       (5 )
Purchases, issuances, and settlements [3]
    19       232       251        
 
                       
Fair value as of June 30, 2010
  $ 190     $ 663     $ 853     $ (1 )
 
                       
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1], [2],[4]
          $ 300             $ (5 )
 
                       
For the six months ended June 30, 2010
                         
    Variable Annuity Hedging Derivatives [5]  
                    Total Variable Annuity  
Asset/(liability)   Levels 1 and 2     Level 3     Hedging Derivatives  
Fair value as of January 1, 2010
  $ (184 )   $ 236     $ 52  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                       
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    123       539       662  
Purchases, issuances, and settlements [3]
    (30 )     153       123  
 
                 
Fair value as of June 30, 2010
  $ (91 )   $ 928     $ 837  
 
                 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1], [2],[4]
          $ 502          
 
                 
                                 
                            Total Guaranteed  
                    International     Withdrawal Benefits  
    Reinsurance     U.S. Guaranteed     Guaranteed     Net of Reinsurance  
    Recoverable     Withdrawal     Withdrawal     and Hedging  
Asset/(liability)   for GMWB     Benefits – Level 3     Benefits – Level 3     Derivatives  
Fair value as of January 1, 2010
  $ 347     $ (1,957 )   $ (45 )   $ (1,603 )
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                               
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    185       (1,120 )     (24 )     (297 )
Purchases, issuances, and settlements [3]
    18       (71 )     (3 )     67  
 
                       
Fair value as of June 30, 2010
  $ 550     $ (3,148 )   $ (72 )   $ (1,833 )
 
                       
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1], [2], [4]
  $ 185     $ (1,120 )   $ (24 )        
 
                       
                                 
    Macro Hedge Program [5]     International Other  
                    Total Macro     Guaranteed Living  
Asset/(liability)   Levels 1 and 2     Level 3     Hedge Program     Benefits – Level 3  
Fair Value as of January 1, 2010
  $ 28     $ 290     $ 318     $ 2  
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)
                               
Included in net income [1],[2],[6]
    92       141       233       (2 )
Purchases, issuances, and settlements [3]
    70       232       302       (1 )
 
                       
Fair value as of June 30, 2010
  $ 190     $ 663     $ 853     $ (1 )
 
                       
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2010 [1], [2],[4]
          $ 161             $ (2 )
 
                       
[1]  
The Company classifies gains and losses on GMWB reinsurance derivatives and Guaranteed Living Benefit embedded derivatives as unrealized gains (losses) for purposes of disclosure in this table because it is impracticable to track on a contract-by-contract basis the realized gains (losses) for these derivatives and embedded derivatives.
 
[2]  
All amounts are before income taxes and amortization of DAC.
 
[3]  
The ‘Purchases, issuances, and settlements’ primarily relates to the payment and receipt of cash on futures and option contracts classified as Level 1 and interest rate, currency and credit default swaps classified as Level 2. As of January 1, 2011, for GMWB reinsurance and guaranteed withdrawal benefits, purchases, issuances and settlements represent the reinsurance premium paid and the attributed fees collected, respectively.
 
[4]  
Disclosure of changes in unrealized gains (losses) is not required for Levels 1 and 2. Information presented is for Level 3 only.
 
[5]  
The variable annuity hedging derivatives and the macro hedge program derivatives are reported in this table on a net basis for asset/(liability) positions and reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in other investments and other liabilities.
 
[6]  
Includes both market and non-market impacts in deriving realized and unrealized gains (losses).